CN101233217B - 冷冻机油组合物 - Google Patents
冷冻机油组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101233217B CN101233217B CN2006800277554A CN200680027755A CN101233217B CN 101233217 B CN101233217 B CN 101233217B CN 2006800277554 A CN2006800277554 A CN 2006800277554A CN 200680027755 A CN200680027755 A CN 200680027755A CN 101233217 B CN101233217 B CN 101233217B
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- oil composition
- refrigerator
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- film
- coating film
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- WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-QJWNTBNXSA-N ricinoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-QJWNTBNXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003656 ricinoleic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ricinoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ABTOQLMXBSRXSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon tetrafluoride Chemical compound F[Si](F)(F)F ABTOQLMXBSRXSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014347 soups Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- ILMRJRBKQSSXGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl(dimethyl)silicon Chemical group C[Si](C)C(C)(C)C ILMRJRBKQSSXGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940095068 tetradecene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
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- C09K5/042—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising compounds containing carbon and hydrogen only
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Abstract
本发明提供一种冷冻机油组合物,其可以达到粘度降低、提高节能性的目的,而且密封性良好,耐荷重性优异,在各冷冻领域中,特别适用于密闭型冷冻机。本发明的冷冻机油组合物,含有以α-烯烃低聚物的氢化物作为主要成分的、在40℃的运动粘度为1~8mm2/s的基油;本发明的冷冻机油组合物优选适用于滑动部分由工程塑料构成,或者滑动部分具有有机涂膜或无机涂膜的冷冻机。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种冷冻机油组合物,更详细地涉及一种可以达到降低粘度、提高节能性的目的,而且密封性良好、耐荷重性优异,在各种冷冻领域中特别适用于密闭型冷冻机的冷冻机油组合物。
背景技术
一般,压缩型冷冻机至少由压缩机、冷凝器、膨胀结构(膨胀阀等)、蒸发器、或者还有干燥器构成,并且具有制冷剂和润滑油(冷冻机油)的混合液体在该密闭系统内循环的结构。在这种压缩型冷冻机中,虽然装置的种类也有影响,但是一般在压缩机内为高温、在冷却器内为低温,因此需要制冷剂和润滑油在从低温到高温的较宽温度范围内不发生相分离而在系统内循环。一般,制冷剂和润滑油在低温侧和高温侧具有相分离区域,因此,作为低温侧的分离区域的最高温度优选为-10℃以下,特别优选在-20℃以下。另一方面,作为高温侧的分离区域的最低温度优选在30℃以上,特别优选在40℃以上。如果在冷冻机的运转中发生相分离,那么会对装置的寿命和效率产生显著的不良影响。例如,如果在压缩机部分制冷剂和润滑油发生相分离,则活动部会变得润滑不良,从而引起烧结等使装置的寿命显著缩短;另一方面如果在蒸发器内发生相分离,则由于存在粘度高的润滑油而引起热交换的效率降低。
以前,作为冷冻机用制冷剂主要使用氯氟烃(CFC)、氢氯氟烃(HCFC)等,但由于是会引起环境问题的含氯化合物,所以开始研究氢氟烃(HFC)等不含氯的制冷剂来替代。但是,HFC在全球变暖方面也可能存在影响,所以进一步关注作为适于环境保护的制冷剂的烃、氨气、二氧化碳等所谓的自然制冷剂。
另外,使用冷冻机用润滑油的目的是润滑冷冻机的活动部分,所以其润滑性能是很重要的。特别是由于压缩机内为高温,所以在润滑中可以保持必要的油膜的粘度是很重要的。必要的粘度,根据所用的压缩机的种类、使用条件而不同,通常,与制冷剂混合之前的润滑油的粘度(运动粘度)优选在40℃下为10~200mm2/s,如果粘度低于该范围,则油膜变薄容易引起润滑不良;如果粘度高于该范围,则会降低热交换的效率。
例如,公开了一种以润滑油基油作为主要成分的润滑油组合物,其是使用二氧化碳作为制冷剂的蒸汽压缩式冷冻装置用润滑油,其中,所述润滑油基油为:用气相色谱蒸馏法测得的馏出10%的温度点为400℃以上、馏出80%的温度点为600℃以上,在100℃的运动粘度为2~30mm2/s,粘度指数为100以上(例如参照专利文献1)。
该润滑油组合物中所用的基油在40℃的运动粘度为实施例中的17~70mm2/s的范围。
如果使用这种粘度高的冷冻机油,则难免在冷冻机中能量的消耗量增大。因此,以节省冷冻机的能耗为目的,开始研究冷冻机油的低粘度化和润滑中的摩擦特性的改善问题。
以冰箱用冷冻机为例,如果粘度降低VG32、22、15、10,则可改善节能性。但是,如果进一步降低粘度,则会产生密封性或润滑性降低等问题。
专利文献1:日本专利特开2001-294886号公报
发明内容
在这种情况下,本发明的目的是提供一种可以达到降低粘度、提高节能性的目的,而且密封性良好、耐荷重性优异,在各种冷冻领域中特别适用于密闭型冷冻机的冷冻机油组合物。
本发明人为了开发具有上述优良性质的冷冻机油组合物而进行了深入的研究,结果发现,通过使用具有特定的低粘度的α-烯烃低聚物的氢化物作为主要成分的基油,可以达到该目的。本发明基于该见解而完成。
即,本发明提供:
(1)冷冻机油组合物,其特征在于:含有以α-烯烃低聚物的氢化物作为主要成分的、在40℃的运动粘度为1~8mm2/s的基油;
(2)上述(1)项所述的冷冻机油组合物,其中,基油的分子量为140~660;
(3)上述(1)项所述的冷冻机油组合物,其中,基油的闪点为100℃以上;
(4)上述(1)项所述的冷冻机油组合物,其中,α-烯烃低聚物的氢化物为,将使用金属茂催化剂得到的碳原子数为5~20的α-烯烃的低聚物进行氢化所得的氢化物;
(5)上述(1)项所述的冷冻机油组合物,其含有选自极压添加剂(極圧剤)、油性剂、抗氧化剂、酸捕捉剂和消泡剂中的至少一种添加剂;
(6)上述(1)项所述的冷冻机油组合物,其适用于使用烃类、二氧化碳类、氢氟烃类或氨类制冷剂的冷冻机;
(7)上述(6)项所述的冷冻机油组合物,其适用于使用烃类制冷剂的冷冻机;
(8)上述(6)项所述的冷冻机油组合物,其中,冷冻机的滑动部分由工程塑料构成,或者具有有机涂膜或无机涂膜;
(9)上述(8)项所述的冷冻机油组合物,其中,有机涂膜为聚四氟乙烯涂膜、聚酰亚胺涂膜或者聚酰胺-酰亚胺涂膜;
(10)上述(8)项所述的冷冻机油组合物,其中,无机涂膜为石墨膜、类金刚石碳膜、锡膜、铬膜、镍膜或者钼膜;
(11)上述(1)项所述的冷冻机油组合物,其用于汽车空调、气体热泵、空调、冰箱、自动售货机或橱窗(シヨ一ケ一ス)的各热水供给(給湯)系统、或者冷冻、采暖系统;以及
(12)上述(11)项所述的冷冻机油组合物,其中,系统内的含水量为60质量ppm以下,残存空气量为8kPa以下。
根据本发明可提供一种可以达到降低粘度、提高节能性的目的,而且密封性良好、耐荷重性优异,在各种冷冻领域中特别适用于密闭型冷冻机的冷冻机油组合物。
具体实施方式
本发明的冷冻机油组合物中,作为基油,使用含α-烯烃低聚物的氢化物作为主要成分的基油。这里,作为主要成分含有是指,α-烯烃低聚物的氢化物的含量比例为50质量%以上。基油中该α-烯烃低聚物的氢化物的含量优选为70质量%以上,更优选为90质量%以上,进一步优选为100质量%。
本发明中,基油在40℃的运动粘度为1~8mm2/s。如果该运动粘度在1mm2/s以上则可发挥良好的耐荷重性,同时密封性良好;如果该运动粘度在8mm2/s以下则可以充分地发挥提高节能性的效果。40℃的运动粘度优选为1~6mm2/s,更优选为2~5mm2/s。
另外,基油的分子量优选为140~660,更优选为140~340,进一步优选为200~320。如果该分子量在上述范围内,则可以得到所期望的运动粘度。闪点优选在100℃以上,更优选在130℃以上,进一步优选在150℃以上。另外,基油的分子量分布(重均分子量/数均分子量)优选为1.5以下,更优选为1.2以下。
本发明中,作为基油只要具有上述性状,则基油中除了α-烯烃低聚物的氢化物以外还可以含有其它的基油,其中其它基油的含量比例为50质量%以下,优选为30质量%以下,更优选为10质量%以下,但是进一步优选不含其它的基油。
作为可以与α-烯烃低聚物的氢化物并用的基油,例如可列举:聚乙烯醚、聚氧化亚烷基二醇衍生物、醚化合物、以及矿物油、脂环式烃化合物、烷基化芳香族烃化合物等。
本发明中,作为基油的主要成分所用的α-烯烃低聚物的氢化物,优选将使用金属茂催化剂得到的碳原子数为5~20的α-烯烃的低聚物进行氢化所得的氢化物。
作为碳原子数为5~20的α-烯烃,例如可列举:1-己烯、1-辛烯、1-癸烯、1-十二碳烯、1-十四碳烯、1-十六碳烯、1-十八碳烯等,其中优选1-己烯、1-辛烯、1-癸烯和1-十二碳烯。它们可以单独使用一种,也可以2种以上组合使用。
该α-烯烃低聚物的氢化物,例如可按如下进行制造。
首先,使用金属茂催化剂作为催化剂,聚合上述α-烯烃得到α-烯烃低聚物。作为金属茂催化剂,可优选使用具有含元素周期表第4族元素的共轭5元碳环的络合物,即优选使用金属茂络合物和含氧有机铝化合物的组合。
作为上述金属茂络合物中的元素周期表第4族元素,可使用钛、锆和铪,特别优选锆。另外,具有共轭5元碳环的络合物,一般可使用具有取代或无取代的环戊二烯阴离子配合体的络合物。
作为金属茂络合物,可以从以前公知的化合物中适当地选择使用。
作为优选的金属茂络合物的例子,可列举:二氯化双(正十八烷基环戊二烯基)锆、二氯化双(三甲基甲硅烷基环戊二烯基)锆、二氯化双(四氢茚基)锆、二氯化双[(叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)环戊二烯基]锆、二氯化双(二叔丁基环戊二烯基)锆、二氯化(亚乙基-二茚基)锆、二氯化双环戊二烯基锆、二氯化亚乙基双(四氢茚基)锆、以及二氯化双[3,3(2-甲基-苯并茚基)]二甲基甲硅烷合锆等。它们可以单独使用一种,也可以2种以上组合使用。
另一方面,作为含氧有机铝化合物,例如可列举:甲基铝氧烷、乙基铝氧烷、异丁基铝氧烷等。它们可以单独使用一种,也可以2种以上组合使用。
低聚化中溶剂是非必须的,低聚化可以在悬浮液、液体单体或惰性溶剂中实施。在溶剂中进行低聚化时,可使用例如苯、乙苯、甲苯等。低聚化优选在液体单体过量存在的状态下实施。
作为低聚化反应的后处理,可以通过公知的方法(加入水、乙醇类,或者进行不含卤素的酸处理)进行催化剂的失活处理,从而停止低聚化反应。
对于在低聚化阶段中生成的副反应生成物α-烯烃异构体,可以通过反萃取在低聚化反应后除去,也可以在不分离低聚化物的氢化处理后,在低聚物的氢化物蒸馏时除去。
这样处理得到的低聚化物,使用碱性水溶液或醇碱性溶液洗涤除去催化剂成分。
作为这样得到的α-烯烃低聚物,具有二聚物、三聚物、四聚物等,但在本发明中,优选1-辛烯二聚物、1-癸烯二聚物、1-十二碳烯二聚物以及它们的混合物。
通过金属茂催化剂制造的α-烯烃低聚物,具有双键,特别是末端亚乙烯基双键的含量较高。本发明中,将这些双键氢化变成饱和结构。
氢化处理中,可使用公知的Ni、Co类催化剂或Pd、Pt等贵金属催化剂。例如,可列举:硅藻土负载Ni催化剂、三乙酰丙酮合钴/有机铝催化剂、活性炭负载钯催化剂、氧化铝负载铂催化剂等。
氢化条件的温度通常在200℃以下,如果是Ni类催化剂则在150~200℃左右,如果是Pd、Pt等贵金属催化剂则在50~150℃左右,如果是三乙酰丙酮合钴/有机铝等均相系统还原剂则在20~100℃左右。另外,氢气压为常压~20MPa左右。
对这样得到的氢化物进行蒸馏处理,得到具有期望运动粘度的馏分,将其用作本发明的基油。
本发明的冷冻机油组合物中,还可以包含选自极压添加剂、油性剂、抗氧化剂、酸捕捉剂和消泡剂等中的至少一种添加剂。
作为上述极压添加剂,可列举:磷酸酯、酸性磷酸酯、亚磷酸酯、酸性亚磷酸酯以及它们的胺盐等磷类极压添加剂。
这些磷类极压添加剂中,从极压性、摩擦特性等方面考虑,特别优选磷酸三甲苯酯、三硫代磷酸三苯酯、磷酸三(壬基苯基)酯、亚磷酸氢二油醇酯、2-乙基己基二苯基亚磷酸酯等。
另外,作为极压添加剂,还可列举羧酸的金属盐。这里所说的羧酸的金属盐优选碳原子数为3~60的羧酸的金属盐,更优选碳原子数为3~30的、特别是为12~30的脂肪酸的金属盐。而且,还可列举上述脂肪酸的二聚酸或三聚酸以及碳原子数为3~30的二羧酸的金属盐。其中特别优选碳原子数为12~30的脂肪酸及碳原子数为3~30的二羧酸的金属盐。
另一方面,作为构成金属盐的金属,优选碱金属或碱土金属,特别优选碱金属。
另外,作为极压添加剂,除了上述极压添加剂以外,例如还可以列举:硫化油脂、硫化脂肪酸、硫化酯、硫化烯烃、二烃基聚硫化物、硫代氨基甲酸酯(盐)类、硫代萜烯类、二烷基硫代二丙酸酯(盐)类等硫类极压添加剂。
上述极压添加剂的配合量,从润滑性和稳定性的防止方面考虑,基于组合物总量,通常为0.001~5质量%,特别优选为0.005~3质量%的范围。
上述的极压添加剂可单独使用一种,也可两种以上组合使用。
作为上述油性剂的例子,可列举:硬脂酸、油酸等脂肪族饱和以及不饱和单羧酸;二聚酸、氢化二聚酸等聚合脂肪酸;蓖麻油酸、12-羟基硬脂酸等羟基脂肪酸;月桂醇、油醇等脂肪族饱和以及不饱和单醇;硬脂胺、油胺等脂肪族饱和以及不饱和单胺;月桂酸酰胺、油酸酰胺等脂肪族饱和或不饱和单羧酸酰胺;甘油、山梨醇等多元醇与脂肪族饱和或不饱和单羧酸的部分酯等。
这些可以单独使用一种,也可以两种以上组合使用。另外,其配合量,基于组合物总量,通常选定为0.01~10质量%,优选为0.1~5质量%的范围。
作为上述抗氧化剂,优选配合2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚、2,6-二叔丁基-4-乙基苯酚、2,2’-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)等苯酚类;苯基-α-萘胺、N,N’-二苯基-对亚苯基二胺等胺类抗氧化剂。从效果以及经济性等方面考虑,组合物中抗氧化剂的配合量通常为0.01~5质量%,优选为0.05~3质量%。
作为酸捕捉剂,例如可列举:苯基缩水甘油醚、烷基缩水甘油醚、亚烷基二醇缩水甘油醚、氧化环己烯、氧化α-烯烃、环氧化大豆油等环氧化合物。其中,从相溶性方面考虑,优选苯基缩水甘油醚、烷基缩水甘油醚、亚烷基二醇缩水甘油醚、氧化环己烯、氧化α-烯烃。
该烷基缩水甘油醚的烷基,以及亚烷基二醇缩水甘油醚的亚烷基,也可以具有支链,碳原子数通常为3~30,优选为4~24,特别优选为6~16。另外,氧化α-烯烃的总碳原子数一般为4~50、优选为4~24,特别优选为6~16。本发明中的上述酸捕捉剂可使用一种,也可以两种以上组合使用。另外,从效果以及抑制产生淤渣方面考虑,其配合量相对于组合物通常为0.005~5质量%,特别优选为0.05~3质量%的范围。
本发明中,通过配合该酸捕捉剂,可提高冷冻机油组合物的稳定性。通过同时使用上述极压添加剂以及抗氧化剂,可发挥进一步提高稳定性的效果。
作为上述消泡剂,可列举硅油、氟化硅油等。
本发明的冷冻机油组合物中,在不损害本发明目的的范围内,可以添加其它公知的各种添加剂,例如可适当添加N-[N,N’-二烷基(碳原子数为3~12的烷基)氨基甲基]甲苯并三唑等钢惰性剂等。
本发明的冷冻机油组合物,适用于使用烃类、二氧化碳类、氢氟烃类或氨类制冷剂的冷冻机,特别优选适用于使用烃类制冷剂的冷冻机。
使用本发明的冷冻机油组合物的冷冻机的润滑方法中,对于上述各种制冷剂和冷冻机油组合物的使用量,以制冷剂/冷冻机油组合物的质量比计为99/1~10/90的范围,更优选为95/5~30/70的范围。制冷剂的量少于上述范围时发现冷冻能力降低,而多于上述范围时润滑性能降低,是不理想的。本发明的冷冻机油组合物可用于各种冷冻机,特别适用于压缩型冷冻机的压缩式冷冻循环系统。
本发明的冷冻机油组合物所适用的冷冻机,具有压缩机、冷凝器、膨胀结构(膨胀阀等)以及蒸发器为必要结构所构成的冷冻循环系统;或者具有压缩机、冷凝器、膨胀结构、干燥器以及蒸发器为必要结构所构成的冷冻循环系统,同时使用上述的本发明的冷冻机油组合物作为冷冻机油,而且使用上述各种制冷剂作为制冷剂。
这里的干燥器中,优选充填有细孔径0.33nm以下的沸石组成的干燥剂。另外,作为该沸石,可列举天然沸石、合成沸石,而且该沸石更优选在25℃、CO2气体分压33kPa条件下,CO2气体吸收容量为1.0%以下的沸石。作为这样的合成沸石,例如可列举ユニオン昭和(株)制的商品名XH-9、XH-600等。
本发明中,如果使用这样的干燥剂,则不会吸收冷冻循环系统中的制冷剂,在可有效除去水分的同时,抑制由干燥剂自身的劣化引起的粉末化,因此不会产生由粉末化引起的配管的闭塞或者由于粉末进入压缩机滑动部而引起的异常磨耗等,从而可以使冷冻机长时间地稳定运转。
本发明的冷冻机油组合物所适用的冷冻机中,压缩机内具有各种滑动部分(例如轴承等)。本发明中,该滑动部分,特别是从密封性方面考虑,优选由工程塑料构成的滑动部,或者具有有机涂膜或无机涂膜的滑动部。
作为上述工程塑料,从密封性、滑动性、耐磨耗性等方面考虑,例如可优选列举:聚酰胺树脂、聚苯硫醚树脂、聚甲醛树脂等。
另外,作为有机涂膜,从密封性、滑动性、耐磨耗性等方面考虑,例如可列举:含氟树脂涂膜(聚四氟乙烯涂膜等)、聚酰亚胺涂膜、聚酰胺-酰亚胺涂膜等。
另一方面,作为无机涂膜,从密封性、滑动性、耐磨耗性等方面考虑,可列举:石墨膜、类金刚石碳膜、镍膜、钼膜、锡膜、铬膜等。该无机涂膜可由电镀处理形成,也可由PVD法(物理气相蒸镀法)形成。
另外,作为该滑动部分,可使用以前的合金类,例如Fe基合金、Al基合金、Cu基合金等组成的合金类。
本发明的冷冻机油组合物,例如可用于汽车空调、气体热泵、空调、冰箱、自动售货机或橱窗等各种热水供给系统、或者冷冻、采暖系统。
本发明中,上述系统类的水分含量,优选在60质量ppm以下,更优选在50质量ppm以下。另外,该系统内的残存空气量,优选在8kPa以下,更优选在7kPa以下。
本发明的冷冻机油组合物,作为基油为含α-烯烃低聚物的氢化物作为主要成分的基油,可以达到降低粘度、提高节能性的目的,而且耐荷重性也优异。
实施例
以下,通过实施例更详细地说明本发明,但本发明并不受这些例子的限定。
另外,基油的性状以及冷冻机油组合物的各种特性,根据以下所示的要点进行评价。
<基油的性状>
(1)40℃运动粘度
基于JIS K2283-1983,用玻璃制毛细管式粘度计测定。
(2)闪点
基于JIS K2265,通过C.O.C法测定。
<冷冻机油组合物的各特性>
(3)烧结荷重
使用法列可司(フアレツクス)烧结试验机,基于ASTM D 3233进行测定。测定条件为:旋转数290rpm、销的材质为AISIC1137、块的材质为SAE3135、制冷剂(异丁烷)吹入量为5L/h。
(4)密封管试验
往玻璃管中加入催化剂Fe/Cu/Al,并以试料中的油/制冷剂(异丁烷)=4mL/1g的比例填充后将管密封,在175℃下保持30天后,对油外观、催化剂外观、淤渣的有无以及酸价进行评价。
(5)短路试验
用短路试验机(レシプロ冷冻机、毛细管长1m),在Pd(吐出压力)/Ps(吸入压力)=3.3/0.4MPa、Td(吐出温度)/Ts(吸入温度)=110/30℃、试验油/R600a(异丁烷)=400/400g的条件下,进行1000小时的耐久试验,测定试验后的毛细管流量降低率。
(6)密封性比较试验
在活塞上使用各种滑动材料,比较来自活塞/气缸间的间隙的沟流量。沟流量以参考例1为10用指数表示。
实施例1~9以及比较例1~3
配制表1所示组成的冷冻机油组合物,测定其烧结荷重,同时进行密封管试验。结果如表1所示。
表1
实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | 实施例5 | 实施例6 | 实施例7 | 实施例8 | 实施例9 | 比较例1 | 比较例2 | 比较例3 | |||
供试油No. | 供试油1 | 供试油2 | 供试油3 | 供试油4 | 供试油5 | 供试油6 | 供试油7 | 供试油8 | 供试油9 | 供试油10 | 供试油11 | 供试油12 | ||
配合量(质量%) | 基油 | A1 | 97.5 | 97.5 | 98.0 | |||||||||
A2 | 97.5 | 97.5 | 98.0 | |||||||||||
A3 | 97.5 | 97.5 | 98.0 | |||||||||||
B1 | 97.5 | 100.0 | ||||||||||||
B2 | 98.0 | |||||||||||||
极压添加剂 | C1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.5 | ||||||
极压添加剂 | C2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | |||||||||
酸捕捉剂 | C3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
抗氧化剂 | C4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | ||
消泡剂 | C5 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | ||
烧结荷重 | (N) | 2100 | 3150 | 2570 | 2330 | 3230 | 2760 | 1800 | 2400 | 2210 | 260 | 250 | 1900 | |
密封管试验结果 | 油外观 | 良好 | 良好 | 良好 | 良好 | 良好 | 良好 | 良好 | 良好 | 良好 | 良好 | 良好 | 良好 | |
催化剂外观 | 良好 | 良好 | 良好 | 良好 | 良好 | 良好 | 良好 | 良好 | 良好 | 良好 | 良好 | 良好 | ||
有无淤渣 | 无 | 无 | 无 | 无 | 无 | 无 | 无 | 无 | 无 | 无 | 无 | 无 | ||
酸价(mgKOH/g) | 0.01> | 0.01> | 0.01> | 0.01> | 0.01> | 0.01> | 0.01> | 0.01> | 0.01> | 0.01> | 0.01> | 0.01> | ||
-10℃外观 | 液体 | 液体 | 液体 | 液体 | 液体 | 液体 | 液体 | 液体 | 液体 | 液体 | 液体 | 固体 |
[注]
A1:1-辛烯二聚物的氢化物(使用金属茂催化剂制得),40℃运动粘度=2.78mm2/s,闪点=132℃,分子量=226,分子量分布=1
A2:1-癸烯二聚物的氢化物(使用金属茂催化剂制得),40℃运动粘度=4.96mm2/s,闪点=178℃,分子量=282,分子量分布=1
A3:1-辛烯与1-癸烯的反应物的氢化物(使用金属茂催化剂制得),40℃运动粘度=3.64mm2/s,闪点=163℃,分子量=254,分子量分布=1.2
B1:硅油,40℃运动粘度=10mm2/s
B2:正十六烷
C1:磷酸三甲苯酯
C2:三硫代磷酸三苯酯
C3:C14α-烯烃氧化物
C4:2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚
C5:硅酮类消泡剂
从表1可知,本发明的冷冻机油组合物(实施例1~9)与比较例1、2的任一组合物相比,烧结荷重较高,而且密封管试验结果也良好。比较例3的烧结荷重较高但是在-10℃下为固体。
实施例10~18以及比较例4~6
对如表2所示的供试油进行密封管试验。结果如表2所示。
表2
实施例10 | 实施例11 | 实施例12 | 实施例13 | 实施例14 | 实施例15 | 实施例16 | 实施例17 | 实施例18 | 比较例4 | 比较例5 | 比较例6 | ||
供试油No. | 供试油1 | 供试油2 | 供试油3 | 供试油4 | 供试油5 | 供试油6 | 供试油7 | 供试油8 | 供试油9 | 供试油10 | 供试油11 | 供试油12 | |
短路试验条件 | 系统内水分(ppm) | 30 | 30 | 30 | 50 | 50 | 30 | 30 | 100 | 300 | 30 | 30 | 30 |
残存空气(kPa) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 13 | 4 | 40 | 4 | 4 | 4 | |
短路试验条件 | 毛细管流量降低率(%) | 3> | 3> | 3> | 3> | 3> | 3> | 7 | 6 | 11 | - | - | - |
油外观 | 良好 | 良好 | 良好 | 良好 | 良好 | 良好 | 黄褐色 | 黄褐色 | 褐色 | - | - | - | |
酸价(mgKOH/g) | 0.01> | 0.01> | 0.01> | 0.01> | 0.01> | 0.01> | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.07 | - | - | - | |
备注 | 全部烧结 | 全部烧结 | 毛细管闭塞 |
由表2可知,实施例10~15的冷冻机油组合物,系统内的水分不足60质量ppm,而且残存空气量不足8kPa,因此短路试验结果良好。
实施例16~18,系统内的水分超过60质量ppm,或者残存空气量超过8kPa,因此短路试验结果比实施例10~15差一些。
比较例4~6,在短路试验中,压缩机产生烧结或者发生毛细管闭塞。
实施例19~22以及参考例1
对于表3所示的供试油,使用表3所示的滑动材料进行密封性比较试验。结果如表3所示。
表 3
实施例19 | 实施例20 | 实施例21 | 实施例22 | 参考例1 | |
供试油No. | 供试油1 | 供试油2 | 供试油3 | 供试油3 | 供试油3 |
滑动材料 | D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 |
沟流量(相对比较) | 5 | 3> | 4 | 8 | 10 |
[注]
D1:聚苯硫醚
D2:含氟聚合物涂膜
D3:含聚酰亚胺涂膜
D4:镀锡膜
D5:铝合金
由表3可知,实施例19~22与参考例1相比,沟流量均较少,密封性均良好。
工业适用性
本发明的冷冻基油组合物,可以达到降低粘度、提高节能性的目的,而且密封性良好,耐荷重性优异,在各冷冻领域中,特别适用于密闭型冷冻机。
Claims (10)
1.冷冻机油组合物在使用烃类、二氧化碳类、氢氟烃类或氨类制冷剂的冷冻机中的应用,
所述冷冻基油组合物含有以α-烯烃低聚物的氢化物作为主要成分的、在40℃的运动粘度为1~8mm2/s的基油,
所述α-烯烃低聚物的氢化物是,将使用金属茂催化剂得到的碳原子数为5~20的α-烯烃的低聚物进行氢化所得的氢化物,
所述基油的分子量为140~340、分子量分布为1.2以下。
2.权利要求1所述的应用,其中,基油的闪点为100℃以上。
3.权利要求1所述的应用,其中,所述冷冻机油组合物中含有选自极压添加剂、油性剂、抗氧化剂、酸捕捉剂和消泡剂中的至少一种添加剂。
4.权利要求1所述的应用,其中,所述冷冻机是使用烃类制冷剂的冷冻机。
5.权利要求1所述的应用,其中,所述冷冻机的滑动部分由工程塑料构成,或者具有有机涂膜或无机涂膜。
6.权利要求5所述的应用,其中,所述有机涂膜为聚四氟乙烯涂膜、聚酰亚胺涂膜或者聚酰胺-酰亚胺涂膜。
7.权利要求5所述的应用,其中,所述无机涂膜为石墨膜、类金刚石碳膜、锡膜、铬膜、镍膜或者钼膜。
8.权利要求1所述的应用,其用于空调、自动售货机或橱窗的各种热水供给系统、或者冷冻、采暖系统。
9.权利要求1所述的应用,其用于汽车空调、冰箱或气体热泵。
10.权利要求8或9所述的应用,其中,系统内的水分含量为60质量ppm以下,残存空气量为8kPa以下。
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- 2006-08-28 KR KR1020087004806A patent/KR101316983B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2006-08-28 US US11/913,081 patent/US8070978B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-08-28 WO PCT/JP2006/316863 patent/WO2007026646A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2006-08-28 CN CN2006800277554A patent/CN101233217B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-08-28 JP JP2007533225A patent/JP5006788B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-08-28 EP EP06783092A patent/EP1921126B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-08-30 TW TW095132046A patent/TWI410488B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-08-30 MY MYPI20064070A patent/MY150094A/en unknown
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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TWI410488B (zh) | 2013-10-01 |
KR20080045161A (ko) | 2008-05-22 |
MY150094A (en) | 2013-11-29 |
EP1921126B1 (en) | 2012-05-16 |
TW200714703A (en) | 2007-04-16 |
KR101316983B1 (ko) | 2013-10-11 |
JPWO2007026646A1 (ja) | 2009-03-05 |
WO2007026646A1 (ja) | 2007-03-08 |
EP1921126A4 (en) | 2009-01-21 |
CN101233217A (zh) | 2008-07-30 |
JP5006788B2 (ja) | 2012-08-22 |
US8070978B2 (en) | 2011-12-06 |
US20090082237A1 (en) | 2009-03-26 |
EP1921126A1 (en) | 2008-05-14 |
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