CN101084124A - 制作层合薄片的工艺过程和产品 - Google Patents

制作层合薄片的工艺过程和产品 Download PDF

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CN101084124A
CN101084124A CNA2005800245559A CN200580024555A CN101084124A CN 101084124 A CN101084124 A CN 101084124A CN A2005800245559 A CNA2005800245559 A CN A2005800245559A CN 200580024555 A CN200580024555 A CN 200580024555A CN 101084124 A CN101084124 A CN 101084124A
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film
technical process
process according
thin slice
laminated
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CN101084124B (zh
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威廉·A·赫林
香农·K·克劳福德-塔伊洛尔
素威(约翰)·桑卡拉塔纳
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CFC International Inc
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Abstract

一种制作改进的薄片/卡片层合片的工艺过程,其中所述层合片用于包装物、标志图样、展示物、交易卡、ID卡及类似物。该工艺过程包括使扁平薄片与膜对齐,接着通过粘合剂而使膜层合到或者将涂层从膜上转移到单片的大体扁平的薄片上。所述膜或涂层可以包括分层的安全、功能和/或装饰特征元件。

Description

制作层合薄片的工艺过程和产品
技术领域
本披露涉及改进的制作有或没有对齐的图像的层合薄片的工艺过程,以及涉及由该工艺过程制作的产品,具体地,涉及一种用于生产层合薄片的工艺过程,其中所述层合薄片用于交易卡(比如信用卡)、执照/身份卡及类似卡片。本披露进一步的应用在于将层合薄片用于包装物、招牌及类似物。具体地,本披露涉及一种将膜层或箔层层合到基体层上、以生产出薄片状的层合材料的工艺过程。
背景技术
层合薄片和卡片用于许多行业,具有许多用途。层合薄片的典型使用包括包装物、标识、装饰性/信息性记号、购买点展示物及类似物。源自这些薄片的层合卡片的典型使用包括信用卡、司机执照、ID卡、电话卡、礼物卡、会员卡、游戏卡、钥匙卡及类似物。这些层合薄片和卡片由多层以塑料或纸为基底的基体,全息、镀金属、印刷或透明膜或箔,以及粘合剂和涂层构成。这些层合卡片还经常包括印刷、图形和/或其他特征元件,比如安全元件。
此类层合卡片和制作该卡片的方法的一个例子在美国专利第6,471,128 B1号中论述(简称为第128号专利),该专利于2002年10月29日授予Corcoran等人。第128号专利的所披露的全部内容通过引证而结合在本申请中。
在这些层合卡片的生产中产生了难题,即必须满足某些特定的标准,比如关于剥离强度或分层的抵抗性。此外,在制造过程当中或之后,会产生诸如层间起泡或皱曲,最终的层合卡片发生弯曲、卷曲或弓起情形。在卷筒式层合工艺过程中,当在张力不均衡的情形下使各层展开、进行涂层和喂入层合机中,以使构成每层的材料卷得以粘合在一起时,则会发生弯曲情形。此外,卷筒对卷筒的层合需要更重的塑料材料以进行卷绕,从而所述塑料材料出现卷绕所形成的卷曲(即已经卷绕到卷轴上的记忆)。
为了防止在最终卡片中出现卷曲或弓起,最佳做法为使构造均衡、对称。因而,即便仅仅卡片的一个侧面需要层合膜,比如镀金属膜或衍射表面,但是复合体构造的相对侧面也应当具有一匹配的膜类型(可以是透明、印刷、镀金属膜等)。因此,一种公知的此类卡片层合片包括一拼合芯基体,由两个12mil(300微米)的邻近的白PVC共聚物芯材层组成。层合到每一个PVC拼合芯体的其中一个侧面上的是有或没有粘结涂层的、规格为0.75(19微米)或规格为0.92(23微米)的PET全息的、镀金属的、刷面的、涂层的、印刷的或透明的膜。粘结涂层或底漆可用来改进膜的镀金属表面和粘合剂之间的粘连。该层合涉及卷筒式层合工艺过程中的卷筒,该卷筒式层合工艺过程使用Tact(活化温度)为250华氏度的水基脂族聚酯型聚氨酯粘合剂。
接着在这样的工艺过程中使所形成的卡片层合片离线进行裁切成片,通过该工艺过程,将层合片的片块切割成所想要的长度,例如切割成尺寸为24″×28.5″,并且接着使用一裁切机或其他切割方法将薄片裁切成方直形状。全息图像与薄片的对齐并未通过器械控制或自动进行。接着对这些薄片进行印刷,并且接着在第二和最后层合步骤中,使其与两个涂过粘合剂的2mil(50微米)的PVC覆层在顶部和底部背对背地进行熔接,以形成外皮,其中该步骤通常由卡片制造商进行。接着按任何所属领域公知的方式使印刷过的薄片的尺寸减小到卡片尺寸。如需要或愿意,则经常将诸如签名区、全息和/或装饰箔等的特征元件涂敷到单片卡片上。这些卡片接着按浮雕方式制作在标准的个性用品上。
上述卡片层合片和生产该层合片的工艺过程具有许多有益之处,比如具有抗热的全息和镀金属膜、亮光全息膜、温度定向PET、为防止分层而具有良好的涂层与PET间的粘连强度、以及为改进粘合剂和金属之间的粘连性而具有的位于金属上的粘结涂层。然而,上述卡片层合片和生产该层合片的工艺过程同样具有许多缺点。例如,采用卷状形式的PVC由于卷绕而形成的弯曲造成薄片产生卷曲及起皱的边缘,另外,采用卷状形式的PVC会限制某些特定产品的构造。卷筒对卷筒式的层合工艺过程需要专门的成片工艺以使图像对齐,需要更重的粘合土层重量从而会形成视觉缺陷,另外对于典型的最终用途,最后的层合循环需要活化粘合剂以及需要满足剥离强度要求,比如ANSI/ISO中的技术要求。
然而,本披露中的薄片和卡片层合片及其工艺过程克服了现有技术中的薄片和卡片层合片以及生产该层合片的方法所具有的问题和不利之处。本披露提供了一种节省成本且节省时间的制作卡片层合片的工艺过程,其中该卡片层合片相对于现有技术中公知的薄片和卡片层合片具有改进的特性和特征。
发明内容
所披露的一个实施方式中的方法包括以下步骤:提供大体扁平的基体薄片,以及将大体扁平的薄片喂入到层合区域中,其中,使膜层或箔层与大体扁平的薄片对齐并且使其层合到所述薄片上,以生产出改进的层合薄片,从而制造出交易卡、执照卡、ID卡、电话卡、礼物卡、会员卡、游戏卡、钥匙卡及类似物。此外,这些改进的层合薄片也可用于包装物、招牌、展示物及类似物。相对于公知的现有技术,所披露的实施方式中的层合薄片展示出改进的特性和有益之处,包括通过文中所披露的方法,所述层合片有效地最小化,或消除,上述的卷曲和弓起情形。膜可,或可不,包括多种成层的安全、功能和/或装饰特征元件,其中所述特征元件在层合工艺过程之前或当中涂敷到,或结合在,膜或箔上。
因此,所披露的实施方式的首要目的在于提供一种用于制作改进的层合薄片的方法,其中所述层合薄片用于交易卡、执照卡、ID卡、电话卡、礼物卡、会员卡、游戏卡、钥匙卡及类似物。此外,这些改进的层合薄片还可用于包装物、招牌、展示物及类似物。
所披露的实施方式的又一目的在于提供一种改进的卡片层合片,其中所述卡片层合片用于交易卡、执照卡、ID卡、电话卡、礼物卡、会员卡、游戏卡、钥匙卡及类似物。此外,这些改进的层合薄片还可用于包装物、招牌、展示物及类似物。
所披露的实施方式的目的还在于提供一种用于制作片状的卡片层合片的方法,其中所述方法通过将膜层或箔层层合到大体扁平的片状的塑料基或纸基的基体上、从而生产出改进的薄片或卡片层合片。
所披露的实施方式的另一目的在于克服现有技术中薄片或卡片层合片以及生产薄片或卡片层合片的方法所具有的问题和不利之处,以及实现相比之下的改进和有益之处。
根据具体实施方式部分、权利要求书以及附图,所披露的实施方式的许多其他的有利之处和特征将变得显而易见;其中在所有附图当中,相同的附图标号用以指代相同的部件。
附图说明
参照以下附图,将可更加完整地理解以上所描述的内容,其中所述附图为:
图1为示出了所披露的实施方式的工艺过程的示意图;
图2为示出了膜上的对齐元件布置的实施方式的示图;
图3为示出了层合的薄片和卡片的构造的实施方式的示图;
图4为示出了层合的薄片和卡片的构造的另一实施方式的示图;
图5为一图表,简述了可选择性地结合在层合的薄片和卡片的构造中的各种部件。
具体实施方式
尽管披露在本文中的工艺过程和通过该工艺过程生产的产品容许有许多不同形式的实施方式,但还是详细地在附图中显示,以及在本文中描述,一个或更多的优选实施方式。然而应可理解,本披露将视为本发明原理的一个示例,并非旨在限制本发明和/或针对所示出的实施方式所主张的精神和范围。
图1为一示意图,示出了所披露的实施方式的工艺过程。该工艺过程大体上涉及将膜层或箔层层合到作为基体或芯体层的单片薄片上。该膜层或箔层可具有至少一个侧面,其中该侧面为全息的、镀金属的(蒸镀的金属或其他化合物)、刷面的、涂层的、印刷的侧面或透明的膜,有或没有粘结涂层。另外,在层合工艺过程之前或当中,可选择性地将多种成层的安全、功能和/或装饰特征元件涂敷到膜或箔上。
于是,在所示出的实施方式中,使其上已经涂敷多种成层的安全、功能和/或装饰特征元件(见图5)的膜卷1展开并经过涂层站2,在该处,膜1被在线涂上层合粘合剂。经过涂层的膜接着环绕经过烘箱11中的加热转鼓3,在该处,使粘合剂涂层膜变干。可供选择地,代替涂层站,而将热封粘合剂预先涂到膜上,并接着通过烘箱和加热转鼓使其活化。在另一实施方式中,粘合剂可以是辐射固化型,从而以此代替在烘箱中对粘合剂进行干燥,即在进行层合之前或之后,通过使粘合剂暴露到UV(紫外线)灯7上而使粘合剂发生交联,或者,在层合之后通过使用电子束(“EB”)源8辐射薄片而使粘合剂发生交联。在又一实施方式中,可以经由热熔/挤出模子9,使膜在线涂上热熔粘合剂。
承压辊5其位置接近烘箱和加热转鼓,形成一层合辊隙。一大体扁平的薄片堆栈4,即基体或芯体薄片堆栈,适宜地被支撑在邻近承压辊5之处。通过任何合适的薄片喂入机构和/或传送系统(未示出),如同薄片喂入领域中所公知的机构和/或系统,将薄片4喂入层合辊隙。当薄片喂入层合辊隙中时,一对齐(registration)单元12使薄片4与膜1对齐。
优选地,膜1包括一区别标记、图像和/引线(running line),如图2所示。对齐单元12读取图像、对齐标记或线,并且通过使薄片的喂入与膜传递到辊隙内同步,而使其与单片薄片4对齐。更加具体地,当膜1环绕转鼓3行进时,在传送装置上使薄片4朝向层合辊隙(转鼓3和承压辊5之间的位置)运送。对齐单元12检测出膜1上的视觉标记(eyemark)或图像,并且向一驱动装置发出信号、使其调整薄片4的定位,使得对齐标记能被放置在薄片4的前导边缘上或其他所想要的、可重复的位置上。
图2所示为对齐视觉标记和引线在膜卷中的位置的一个例子。视觉标记或图像或引线的例子包括抛光型(抛光或磨面成一凸浮片(embossing shim))、漫射型(物理刮擦、化学蚀刻或吹沙而成一凸浮片)、衍射型(位于凸浮片上的使光衍射(成彩虹)的标记/线)或印刷型(在膜上印刷)。
对齐单元12通过光检测出区别标记(视觉标记或引线)或图像(图标、画像等)与邻近背景之间的差异,例如,位于全息背景上的平滑的抛光型视觉标记、靠近全息或镀金属区域的漫射或衍射型标记间的差异,凸浮图像自身和背景、或其墨水浓度不同于邻近区域的印刷视觉标记或引线间的差异。此外,对齐单元12可按垂直于片材(web)的方向移动,以读取横向分布于膜上的区别标记。
对齐之后,然后在膜1按对齐方式经过辊隙时,使膜1层合到薄片4上,从而生产出改进的薄片或卡片层合片6。接着,使该薄片或卡片层合片6分开,例如,通过使用一移动刀片在邻近的薄片重叠的位置对膜进行切割或刻划,或者通过使用一穿孔轮而对膜进行刻划并形成一个缺口或切口,然后,再对层合片6进行堆垛。可使用任何合适的切割和/或分开装置,如所属领域中的公知技术。优选地,使膜按这样的方式层合,从而使得有或没有粘结涂层的全息的、镀金属的(蒸镀的金属或其他化合物)、刷面的、涂层的或印刷的膜的侧面涂上粘合剂。然而,应可理解,可使膜与上述面朝上(facing up)的特征元件层合,或者,可使那些特征元件位于要进行层合的膜的全部两个侧面上。
在一可供选择的实施方式中,膜为热贴压或冷传递(cold transfer)产品。涂敷上粘合剂(按全部或部分或网纹覆盖方式),并且经由上述方法中的其一使其固化。接着使薄片对齐,并且使其与膜同步喂入到层合辊隙中。在该情形下,粘合剂将涂层(coating or coatings)中的选择部分或全部从膜上移除,按对齐方式有效地将涂层或其选择部分转移到薄片上。在涂层或涂层部分转移之后,将用过的膜从薄片上移除,并且将其卷绕到重绕转鼓10上。接着使层合过/装饰过的薄片分开,对其进行收集和堆垛。
图3示出了层合薄片和卡片构造的一个实施方式。生产自上述工艺过程的薄片或卡片层合片可结合上附加层,以形成一复合体,其中,所述层合的片分别以C、D、D’、和C’表示,其中D和D’为薄片4而C和C’则为箔1,而所述附加层则为所示出的层A、B、B’和A’,另外所述复合体接着可被切割或冲孔成尺寸和形状不同的单个单元。图3所示出的实施方式中的各个不同的层其定义如下。
部件A为保护覆层,通常为PVC(聚氯乙烯)或PETG(乙二醇改性的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯),但也可以是其他材料,或者,可不使用部件A。
部件B位于部件C的表面上,通常为若干图形印刷和印记层,或者,可以不使用部件B。
部件C通常为PET(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)膜,包含成层的功能、装饰和/或安全特征元件中的其一或组合,然而膜还可以是APET(无定形的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)、PBT(聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯)、PETG、OPP(定向的聚丙烯)以及其他烯烃、PVC、丙烯酸、ABS(丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯三元共聚物),HIPS(耐冲击性聚苯乙烯)、PS(聚苯乙烯)、PC(聚碳酸酯)、复合膜及其类似物。
部件D通常为PVC或PETG,但也可以是APET、PC、PS、ABS、丙烯酸、诸如PE(聚乙烯)和PP(聚丙烯)的烯烃、HIPS、纸、板材(boardstock)及其类似物。
部件D’通常为PVC或PETG,但也可以是APET、PC、PS、ABS、丙烯酸、诸如PE和PP的烯烃、HIPS、纸、板材及其类似物,或者,不使用。
部件C’通常为PET膜,包含成层的功能、装饰和/或安全特征元件中的其一或组合,然而膜还可以是APET、PBT、PETG、OPP以及其他烯烃、PVC、丙烯酸、ABS,HIPS、PS、PC、复合膜及其类似物。
部件B’印刷在部件C’的表面上,通常为印记或图形印刷,或者,可以不使用部件B’。
部件A’为保护覆层,通常为PVC或PETG,但也可以是其他材料,或者,可不使用部件A’。
图4为层合薄片和卡片构造的另一实施方式。产自于上述工艺过程的薄片或卡片层合片可结合上附加层,以形成一复合体,其中,所述层合的片分别以C、D和D’表示,其中D和D’为薄片4而C则为箔1,而所述附加层则为所示出的层A、B、B’、B”和A’,另外所述复合体接着可被切割或冲孔成尺寸和形状不同的单个单元。图3所示出的实施方式中的各个不同的层其定义如下。
部件A为保护覆层,通常为PVC,但也可以是其他材料,或者,可以不使用部件A。
部件B位于部件D的表面上,通常为图形或印记印刷,或者,可以不使用部件B。
部件D通常PVC或PS,但也可以是PETG、APET、PC、ABS、丙烯酸、诸如PE和PP的烯烃、HIPS、纸、板材及其类似物。
部件C通常为PET膜,包含成层的功能、装饰和/或安全特征元件中的其一或组合,然而膜还可以是APET、PBT、PETG、OPP以及其他烯烃、PVC、丙烯酸、ABS,HIPS、PS、PC、复合膜及其类似物。
部件B’位于部件C的表面上,通常为图形或印记印刷,或者,可以不使用部件B’。
部件D’通常为PVC或PS,但也可以是PETG、APET、PC、ABS、丙烯酸、诸如PE和PP的烯烃,HIPS、纸、板材及其类似物。
部件B”位于部件D’的表面上,通常为图形或印记印刷,或者,可以不使用部件B”。
部件A’为保护覆层,通常为PVC,但也可以是其他材料,或者,可以不使用部件A’。
基底膜(部件C或C’)可以是如文中所描述的任何材料,并且可选择性地包括至少一种安全、功能或装饰特征元件或其组合。可以将这些特征元件层压在膜上,使其埋置在构造中,另外,在整个薄片的层合工艺过程当中,维持复合体的一体性。随后层合的薄片或卡片经历(hold upto)第二高温层合工艺过程,以获得每一具体最终用途所要求的产品技术规格。
装饰特征元件的一些例子为通过行业中某些印刷方法,而印刷在膜上的着色(tint)涂层、织物涂层、图形、木材纹理或大理石式样,其中所述印刷方法即:轮转凹版印刷术,树脂版(flexo)印刷术,丝网印刷术,使用水基或溶剂基热塑性墨水、可辐射固化墨水的胶印和数字印刷术,染料升华印刷术及类似印刷术。另外,可以对膜进行真空镀金属(镀上金属或其他化合物),有或没有着色涂层均可。
功能特征元件的一些例子为性能涂层(performance coating),改性能涂层提供热、化学物质、UV及磨损的抵抗性和红外线的吸收性,以及改变摩擦系数(滑动涂层)或抗静电性。可按文中所描述的任意方法将诸如上述涂层的涂层涂或敷到基底膜上。
可将文中所描述的安全特征元件中的任一或组合添加到膜上。可使用行业中公知的浮雕技术,将壁纸式样的全息图像或特定对齐的图像按浮雕方式制作到抗热或常规的全息基底涂层中。凸浮膜可以涂上真空沉积的金属或其他化合物(比如氧化铝、氧化锆、二氧化钛),从而使得产品通常被归入镀金属或高折射率产品之类。膜还可涂上光变涂层。此外,可使这些产品经历一选择的脱金属工艺过程,直接(将除金属溶液直接印刷到镀金属表面上)或间接(将遮盖物印刷在保留金属的区域上、接着再使膜经过脱金属溶液)均可,在间接法中,按与凸浮全息图像对齐的方式,一部分真空镀金属层得到移除。作为这方面的增设部分,可使所形成的脱金属层涂上透明或着色层,以显示出(index out)凸浮图像,另外此后,可重新镀金属,从而形成带有颜色不同的非凸浮的镀金属层的全息图像组合。有可能进行的浮雕制作、镀金属、脱金属、显示和重新镀金属的顺序可不固定。同时,凸浮图像可以是2D或3D、变形全息图像,包含缩微文本、条形码或其他机器可读的特征。最后,在进行层合之前,可将诸如在文中所明示的安全墨水按与上述膜中的任意膜对齐的方式进行印刷,其中所述层合按与片材对齐的方式进行。安全墨水可以是显性或隐性,并且属于以下大范畴中,即紫外荧光、磷光、珠光(pearlesence)、夜光、红外吸收/反射、颜色变化(OVI)、热变色、对光反应变色、磁,包含防伪颗粒(taggants)/标记物/示踪物或者可防篡改(tamper evident)。墨水可按以下式样进行印刷,比如条形码、可读图像、阵列及其类似物。
图5示出了可被选择性地包含在层合的薄片或卡片中的各种特征元件,使层合的薄片或卡片能够实现用户自定义化。
对于交易卡(transaction card),薄片4优选为12mil的PVC共聚物。然而,薄片的范围可从大概5到30mil,尤其对于用以生产其他卡片类型的其他片材,其中所述其他卡片比如身份卡、电话卡、礼物卡、会员卡、赌场卡等。薄片可以是透明、半透明或带颜色。也可使用可供选择的其他材料,例如,PVC均聚物、PET、APET、PETG、PC、PS、ABS、丙烯酸、诸如PE/PP的烯烃、HIPS、纸和板材。卡片可具有拼合芯体(两片薄片)或单一芯体(一片薄片)。PVC均聚物通常不用在拼合芯体的层合中,但可适合用于单一芯体的层合中。
膜1优选为12-23um、低晕度、热稳定、印刷处理过的双定向PET。然而,膜的范围可从大概10-50um。还可使用可供选择的其他膜材料,例如APET、PETG、PBT、OPP、PVC、丙烯酸、PC、PS、ABS、HIPS和复合膜。烯烃膜(茂金属催化的PP等)可用于某些特定的应用情形,即不要求进行后层合工艺过程,或者需要执行ANSI/ISO。可将具体的功能和美观涂层涂敷到膜上,以提供所需要的安全特征、性能和外观,如以下所论述。膜可以是镀金属的(蒸镀的金属或其他化合物)、全息的、刷面的、印刷的(如图形、图标、印记、大理石花纹、木材纹理等)、着色或透明膜,另外可包括成层的安全特征元件,如以下所论述。
可将膜中的安全特征元件压成层,以及可采用许多不同的形式,其中所述安全特征元件可以是显性或隐性。例如,膜可包括处于壁纸式样的、用户自定义的全息图像,或者带有与薄片或最终卡片特定对齐的图像。全息的图源(originatiohs)可包括以下图源中的一或多种:缩微文本、2D或3D图像、或变形全息图及其类似物。膜可包括选择性脱金属膜,或者是显示出或不显示出全息图像的凸浮膜的情形。膜可包括真空沉积的金属、其他化合物或高折射率层。膜可以涂上或印刷上光变材料。
此外,可在膜上提供,或以涂层形式提供,墨水或添加剂。所述墨水的例子包括:UV荧光、磷光、珠光、红外线吸收/反射、颜色变化(OVI)、热变色、对光反应变色、防伪颗粒(taggants)、标记物、示踪物、磁墨水、采用一定式样(比如条形码、可读图像、或阵列)、或者防篡改启元件。
可按各种方式将这些安全特征元件、墨水或添加剂涂敷到膜上。例如,可按倾覆涂层方式(覆盖整片膜)进行涂敷;可按连续涂层方式进行涂敷(比如壁纸类式样);可按对齐印刷方式进行涂敷;或者,可使用机器可读特征元件/印刷元件进行涂敷。
所使用的粘合剂类型,粘合剂如何进行涂敷,或者是否将涂层层合到薄片上而成为一带有膜的层合片或将涂层从膜上移出层合片,一般取决于这些因素,例如要将什么样的特征包含到层合的薄片或卡片中,生产成本,性能标准等。
当通过涂层站对粘合剂进行涂敷时,粘合剂优选为100%无溶剂的水基层合粘合剂。该类粘合剂所具有的剥离强度完全超过最低要求,并且可适宜地防水和防化学物质,符合ANSI/ISO7810标准。在将粘合剂预先涂到膜上的情形中,优选为使用热封粘合剂。该粘合剂可以是水基或溶剂基或者为挤出涂布。在任一种情形下,粘合剂均为针对每一片材的定制(custom)配方,使得与片材的粘合达到最佳化,并且满足任何最终的性能要求。膜可以,或可不,具有粘结涂层,以改进膜/涂层和片材之间的粘连。
因此,所披露的工艺过程和由该工艺过程所制成的产品展现出关于薄片和卡片层合片的许多改进和有益之处,比如不形成卷曲、可利用单芯基体、可供选择的PVC塑性(alternate plastics to PVC)、以及更大的剥离强度。此外,不需进行第二(最终)层合,文中所披露的薄片和卡片层合片即满足ANSI/ISO要求。再者,可按对齐方式将膜上的全息的、脱金属的和印刷的图像层合到薄片或卡片材料上。另外,在薄片进行层合之后,后阶段的(downstream)印刷图样可在层合的薄片上与膜图像对齐。例如,在第一种情形中,膜可按与膜上的全息或脱金属式样对齐的方式进行印刷。而在后一种情形中,使用各种类型的薄片喂入印刷机,具有一系列横向分布于薄片上的图像的单片层合薄片可按对齐方式进行印刷。
应可理解,文中所描述的实施方式仅仅出于对本发明的原理进行示例。所属领域的技术人员可实现各种实施方式,而不偏离所附的权利要求书的精神或范围。

Claims (20)

1、一种用于进行薄片或卡片层合的工艺过程,包括以下步骤:
使基体的薄片与膜对齐;
将膜层合到薄片上。
2、根据权利要求1所述的工艺过程,其特征在于,所述膜包括一个或多个涂层,所述涂层按对齐方式而被完全或部分地转移到基体薄片上。
3、根据权利要求1所述的工艺过程,其特征在于,所述薄片为大体扁平的薄片。
4、根据权利要求3所述的工艺过程,其特征在于,所述大体扁平的薄片取自于薄片堆栈。
5、根据权利要求1所述的工艺过程,其特征在于,所述膜包括至少一个安全、功能和/或装饰特征元件或层。
6、根据权利要求5所述的工艺过程,其特征在于,所述安全特征元件是下列全息图像中的一个:特别对齐的壁纸式样的或定制图像的全息图像,可对真空沉积的金属或其他化合物进行选择性脱金属或具有高折射率的全息图像,或者可以是变形全息、条形码、机器可读图像或阵列的全息图像。
7、根据权利要求5所述的工艺过程,其特征在于,所述安全特征元件为墨水或添加剂,其包括下列中的一个:UV荧光、荧光、磷光、红外吸收/反射、颜色变化(OVI或OVD)、热变色、对光反应变色、防伪颗粒、标记物、示踪物、磁墨水、条形码、可读图像、阵列或者防篡改元件。
8、根据权利要求5所述的工艺过程,其特征在于,所述功能特征元件为下列中的至少一个:提供热、化学物质、UV和/或抗磨损性的性能涂层,或者改变摩擦系数或抗静电性的涂层或处理层。
9、根据权利要求5所述的工艺过程,其特征在于,所述装饰特征元件为下列中的至少一个:着色涂层、织物涂层、图形、印记、木材纹理、银、石头或大理石式样。
10、根据权利要求1所述的工艺过程,其特征在于,所述层合的步骤包括粘合剂的使用,所述粘合剂为水基或溶剂基、热封、热熔或可辐射固化的粘合剂。
11、根据权利要求1所述的工艺过程,其特征在于,所述基体为拼合芯体或单一芯体。
12、根据权利要求1所述的工艺过程,其特征在于,所述基体包括PVC共聚物、PVC均聚物、PET、APET、PETG、PC、PS、ABS、PBT、丙烯酸、PE/PP、HIPS、纸或板材。
13、根据权利要求1所述的工艺过程,其特征在于,所述膜包括PET、APET、PETG、PBT、OPP、其他烯烃、PVC、丙烯酸、HIPS、PS、PC或复合膜。
14、根据权利要求1所述的工艺过程,其特征在于,所述膜包括至少一个区别标记或图像,而且,对齐步骤包括将至少一个区别标记或图像与薄片上的选定位置对准的步骤。
15、一种根据权利要求1所述的工艺过程制作的产品。
16、根据权利要求1所述的工艺过程,其特征在于,所述膜包括一个或多个涂层,而且,所述膜和所有的涂层按对齐方式层合到基体薄片上。
17、根据权利要求5所述的工艺过程,其特征在于,所述安全特征元件为真空沉积金属表面,该表面为连续的、或脱金属的、或刷面的、或带有其他装饰或安全图像或效果元件的表面,而且,该表面还可以结合上UV或IR或光变部件。
18、一种层合工艺过程,包括以下步骤:
选择性地将一或多个安全、功能和/或装饰特征元件或层涂敷到膜或箔上;
将具有选择性涂敷的安全、功能和/或装饰特征元件的膜喂入到层合辊隙中;
将基体喂入到层合辊隙中;
将基体与膜或箔对齐;
按对齐方式将基体与膜或箔层合。
19、根据权利要求18所述的工艺过程,其特征在于,所述膜或箔具有至少一个侧面,该侧面为全息的、镀金属的、刷面的、涂层的或印刷的侧面。
20、根据权利要求18所述的工艺过程,其进一步包括以下步骤:
将膜或箔涂上层合粘合剂;
使粘合剂发生交联。
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