CN100569308C - 用于药物输送装置的驱动机构 - Google Patents

用于药物输送装置的驱动机构 Download PDF

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CN100569308C
CN100569308C CNB2005800338322A CN200580033832A CN100569308C CN 100569308 C CN100569308 C CN 100569308C CN B2005800338322 A CNB2005800338322 A CN B2005800338322A CN 200580033832 A CN200580033832 A CN 200580033832A CN 100569308 C CN100569308 C CN 100569308C
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plunger rod
dosage setting
inner barrel
dosage
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斋木胜
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Terumo Corp
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    • A61M5/315Pistons; Piston-rods; Guiding, blocking or restricting the movement of the rod or piston; Appliances on the rod for facilitating dosing ; Dosing mechanisms
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    • A61M5/31545Setting modes for dosing
    • A61M5/31548Mechanically operated dose setting member
    • A61M5/3155Mechanically operated dose setting member by rotational movement of dose setting member, e.g. during setting or filling of a syringe
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    • A61M5/31525Dosing
    • A61M5/31528Dosing by means of rotational movements, e.g. screw-thread mechanisms
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    • A61M5/31565Administration mechanisms, i.e. constructional features, modes of administering a dose
    • A61M5/31576Constructional features or modes of drive mechanisms for piston rods
    • A61M5/31578Constructional features or modes of drive mechanisms for piston rods based on axial translation, i.e. components directly operatively associated and axially moved with plunger rod
    • A61M5/3158Constructional features or modes of drive mechanisms for piston rods based on axial translation, i.e. components directly operatively associated and axially moved with plunger rod performed by axially moving actuator operated by user, e.g. an injection button
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    • A61M5/315Pistons; Piston-rods; Guiding, blocking or restricting the movement of the rod or piston; Appliances on the rod for facilitating dosing ; Dosing mechanisms
    • A61M5/31565Administration mechanisms, i.e. constructional features, modes of administering a dose
    • A61M5/31576Constructional features or modes of drive mechanisms for piston rods
    • A61M5/31583Constructional features or modes of drive mechanisms for piston rods based on rotational translation, i.e. movement of piston rod is caused by relative rotation between the user activated actuator and the piston rod
    • A61M5/31585Constructional features or modes of drive mechanisms for piston rods based on rotational translation, i.e. movement of piston rod is caused by relative rotation between the user activated actuator and the piston rod performed by axially moving actuator, e.g. an injection button
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    • A61M5/31533Dosing mechanisms, i.e. setting a dose
    • A61M5/31545Setting modes for dosing
    • A61M5/31548Mechanically operated dose setting member
    • A61M5/31556Accuracy improving means
    • A61M5/31558Accuracy improving means using scaling up or down transmissions, e.g. gearbox
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    • A61M5/31565Administration mechanisms, i.e. constructional features, modes of administering a dose
    • A61M5/31576Constructional features or modes of drive mechanisms for piston rods
    • A61M5/31583Constructional features or modes of drive mechanisms for piston rods based on rotational translation, i.e. movement of piston rod is caused by relative rotation between the user activated actuator and the piston rod
    • A61M5/31586Constructional features or modes of drive mechanisms for piston rods based on rotational translation, i.e. movement of piston rod is caused by relative rotation between the user activated actuator and the piston rod performed by rotationally moving or pivoted actuator, e.g. an injection lever or handle

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种适合于在药物输送装置中有效地传递致动力的驱动机构,该驱动机构允许分配大剂量的药物并且具有易于对所设定剂量进行修正的优点。所述驱动机构包括:具有非圆形横截面并且空心且不能旋转的柱塞杆(26);与所述柱塞杆(26)接合的丝杠(25);剂量设定刻度件(22),该剂量设定刻度件在剂量设定过程中可旋转地向近端移动,在剂量分配过程中可旋转地向远端移动;内筒体(23),该内筒体可释放地连接到所述剂量设定刻度件(22)上,从而所述剂量设定刻度件(22)和所述内筒体(23)之间的相对旋转在剂量设定过程中被阻止,但是在剂量分配过程中被允许;以及柱塞杆保持器(27),其阻止所述柱塞杆(26)在剂量设定过程中向近端移动,但是允许所述柱塞杆(26)在剂量分配过程中向远端移动。

Description

用于药物输送装置的驱动机构
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于药物输送装置的驱动机构,所述药物输送装置允许使用者选择多剂量的可注射药物并用于分配设定剂量的所述药物以及优选通过注射向病人施用所述药物。特别地,本发明涉及可由病人自行操作的这类装置。
背景技术
允许对所需剂量的液体药物进行多次定量给药并向病人施用所述液体的药物输送装置是本领域内公知的。通常,这类装置基本上与普通注射器具有相同的用途。
这种类型的注射器必须符合多种要求以满足使用者的需要。这些装置必须结构坚固,并且在对其部件的操作和使用者对其操作的理解两方面都必须简单易用。对于糖尿病患者而言,许多使用者身体虚弱并且可能视力衰退。在注射器是一次性而不是可重复使用的情况下,注射器应当制造廉价并易于处理(优选地,适于回收)。
WO 9114467 A1公开了一种分配装置,其包括具有伸缩式活塞杆的驱动机构,所述活塞杆由具有等间距的螺纹部段的第一和第二螺纹部件构成,所述两个螺纹部件之间为非螺纹部段。所述装置还包括剂量设定套筒,该套筒环绕连接起来以便旋转的所述第二螺纹部件并且与所述装置的壳体螺纹接合。所述三个部件的螺纹具有相同的螺距。该装置的设计需要其体部的长度与柱塞长度的比大约为1∶1,以便可分配较大的剂量。然而,如果不将已设定量的流体分配出去或拆除药筒,病人就无法解决简单而安全地修正设定过量的问题。
WO 9938554 A2教导了一种用于从药筒中分配设定剂量的药物的注射器,其中公开了一种包括单向连接(棘齿)的驱动机构,该机构可在无需分配已设定量的流体或拆除药筒的情况下修正设定过量。该装置还被设计成在剂量分配过程中在所述单向连接可旋转之前必须克服一初始阻力。
WO 0195959 A1公开了一种用于从药筒中注射设定剂量的药物的注射装置,其中注射剂量是通过沿螺纹活塞杆向上旋拧一螺母而设定的,从而剂量设定筒和注射按钮沿轴向移动一段大于所述螺母的轴向移动距离的距离,所述剂量设定筒在其圆柱形表面上沿一螺旋线具有刻度,该刻度中的对应于设定剂量的数字显示在注射器壳体上的窗口中,所述注射按钮被提升到所述注射器的端部以上。在所述螺母和注射按钮之间设有齿轮传动装置,该传动装置使所述按钮的位移更大,并且使施加在所述注射按钮上的力相应减小。
发明内容
因此,本发明要解决的问题是减小在药物分配过程中尤其是在分配大剂量时所需的致动(注射)力,同时保持紧凑的设计,由此改进使用者的操作,并向使用者提供一种可直观、安全和容易地对设定剂量进行修正的手段。
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种可替换现有技术的驱动机构,其适于在药物输送装置尤其是在例如为笔型形状的紧凑装置中有效地传递致动力,该机构还允许分配大剂量的药物,并且具有可直观和容易地对设定剂量进行修正的优点。
本发明的第一方面是提供一种用于药物输送装置的驱动机构,包括:
具有非圆形横截面并且空心的柱塞杆,所述柱塞杆不能旋转;
与所述柱塞杆接合的丝杠;
剂量设定刻度件(dial),该剂量设定刻度件在剂量设定过程中向近端可旋转地移动,在剂量分配过程中向远端可旋转地移动;
内筒体,该内筒体可释放地连接到所述剂量设定刻度件上,使得所述剂量设定刻度件和所述内筒体之间的相对旋转在剂量设定过程中被阻止,而在剂量分配过程中被允许;以及
柱塞杆保持器,其防止所述柱塞杆在剂量设定过程中向近端移动,但是允许所述柱塞杆在剂量分配过程中向远端移动;
可选择地,所述机构还包括自由锁。
本发明的第二方面是一种包括根据本发明的驱动机构的药物输送装置。
本发明的第三方面是根据本发明的驱动机构在用于组装本发明的装置的方法中的应用。
本发明的第四方面是根据本发明的驱动机构或装置向人或动物的身体施用药物制剂(pharmaceutical formulation)的应用。
本发明的另一个方面是组装本发明的药物输送装置的方法,该方法包括将根据本发明的机构安装到任意部件上以便组装药物输送装置的步骤。
用于限定本发明的术语通常应当根据本领域技术人员的一般知识加以理解。此外,根据本发明,以下术语应当可选地优选具有下列含义:
根据本发明的术语“药物输送装置”应当理解为多剂量的、一次性的、可移动的、手持式装置,其用于分配选定剂量的药物,例如胰岛素、胰岛素类似物、生长激素、低分子量肝素和它们的衍生物等,并且可选地适合于自行施药。所述装置是机械式笔型的。优选地,术语“药物输送装置”应当理解为一次性的、多剂量的笔型装置,其具有机械式的剂量输送和剂量选择机构,可用于由未经正式医疗培训的人例如病人进行常规的注射。通常,本发明的“药物输送装置”包括容纳药物制剂的药筒以及可选地包括药筒保持器,其中可通过针头施用所述药物制剂。
术语“药物制剂”应当优选地理解为容纳在所述药筒中的液体或悬浮液等,包括药物或疫苗。所述药物可包含一种或多种可进行皮下注射的蛋白质、肽或小分子。优选地,所述药物为一种或多种激素或抗血栓药,并且尤其选自于胰岛素、肝素以及它们的衍生物、类似物和替代物。
根据本发明的术语“壳体”应当优选地理解为一外部的或内部的(“插入”)覆盖件。该壳体可用于使药物输送装置(例如,驱动机构)能够被安全、正确和舒适地操作。通常,所述壳体被设计成通过限制在污染物例如液体、灰尘、污物等下的暴露而容纳、固定、保护,引导和/或接合药物输送装置的内部机构或元件。通常,所述壳体可以是管状或非管状的单一部件或由多部分组成的部件。
优选地,所述“壳体”用于容纳药筒以及可选地容纳药筒保持器,该药筒保持器优选安装在所述壳体的远端。
根据本发明的术语“接合”应当理解为所述驱动机构/药物输送装置的两个或多个元件的互锁,优选地为所述元件的螺旋结构的互锁。
根据本申请的术语“螺旋结构”应当理解为完全的或部分的螺纹,例如位于药物输送装置的元件的内和/或外表面上的圆柱螺旋肋/槽,具有基本上为三角形或正方形或圆形的截面,用于允许元件之间的连续而自由的旋转和/或轴向运动。可选地,螺旋结构还可设计成防止特定元件在某个方向上的旋转或轴向运动。螺旋结构存在于螺纹嵌入件和剂量设定刻度件之间(下文中称作“第一螺旋结构”)、内筒体和自由锁之间(下文中称作“第二螺旋结构”)以及丝杠和柱塞杆之间(下文中称作“第三螺旋结构”)。根据本发明的所述螺旋结构应当优选地具有不同的螺距,以便可在剂量输送过程中从近端向远端传递力。因此,第一、第二和第三螺旋结构之间的螺距比大约为1.8-4.2∶1.8-4.2∶1,优选地大约为2.4-3.6∶2.4-3.6∶1。更优选地,第一螺旋结构的螺距和第二螺旋结构的螺距相同。
根据本发明的术语“剂量设定刻度件”应当优选地理解为基本上具有圆形横截面的基本上为管状的元件,该元件具有通过第一螺旋结构与所述壳体相接合的外螺纹,从而允许所述剂量设定刻度件在剂量设定过程中可旋转地向近端移动以及在剂量分配过程中可旋转地向远端移动。根据本发明的“剂量设定刻度件”用于指示可分配产品(例如药物)制剂的选定剂量。这可通过使用例如印制在所述剂量设定刻度件的外表面上或仪表等上的标记、符号、数字等来实现。
此外,所述剂量设定刻度件通过一离合器装置可释放地连接到所述内筒体。为了设定剂量,所述剂量设定刻度件可以被旋转并且该剂量设定刻度件和所述内筒体一起向近端旋转。在药物分配过程中,所述离合器装置可以从所述内筒体上分离所述剂量设定刻度件,从而该剂量设定刻度件可相对于所述内筒体向远端旋转。另外,所述剂量设定刻度件可包括一个或多个止动部以限制单次剂量的最大量。
根据本发明的术语“内筒体”应当理解为基本上具有圆形横截面的基本为管状的任意元件,该元件可释放地连接到所述剂量设定刻度件上,从而所述剂量设定刻度件和所述内筒体之间的相对转动在剂量设定过程中被阻止,但是在剂量分配过程中被允许。在一优选实施例中,所述内筒体还通过自由锁装置与所述丝杠接合。在另一个优选实施例中,所述内筒体还与活塞杆接合,以便允许丝杠在剂量设定过程中例如通过位于内筒体的内表面上的键槽中的花键凸出部与内筒体一起旋转。在剂量分配过程中,所述内筒体通过离合器装置与剂量设定刻度件分离并且(相对于壳体)无旋转地向远端移动。
根据本发明的术语“可释放地连接”应当理解为:本发明的机构或装置的两个元件彼此可逆地连接,从而允许连接和分离。这例如通过离合器装置实现。
本发明的术语“柱塞杆”应当理解为适于穿过所述壳体或在该壳体内部进行操作的、用于从所述药物输送装置的近端向远端、优选为向药筒活塞传递作用力以便进行药物分配的任意元件。根据本发明,“柱塞杆”基本上是筒状、空心的,并且具有非圆形的横截面。“柱塞杆”是驱动机构的元件,其由于柱塞杆保持器而不能相对于所述壳体旋转。“柱塞杆”在其远端邻接药筒活塞。在一特定实施例中,“柱塞杆”具有与柱塞杆保持器相互作用的棘齿等。
根据本发明的术语“柱塞杆保持器”应当理解为在剂量设定过程中阻止所述柱塞杆向近端移动但是在剂量分配过程中允许所述柱塞杆向远端移动的任意元件。可选地,该柱塞杆保持器还防止柱塞杆旋转。为了实现上述目的,柱塞杆保持器例如通过棘齿和棘齿臂而与所述柱塞杆接合。
所述柱塞杆保持器可以是独立的元件或者是所述壳体或任意其它元件的一体部分。此外,在本领域技术人员的知识范围内还存在许多其它适当的方案来基本上防止所述柱塞杆朝近端方向移动。
根据本发明的术语“远端”应当理解为所述装置的或该装置的元件的最接近该装置的分配端的端部。
根据本发明的术语“近端”应当理解为所述装置的或该装置的元件的最远离该装置的分配端的端部。
根据本发明的术语“离合器装置”应当理解为使剂量设定刻度件和内筒体可逆地连接的任意装置,该装置设计成:当剂量设定刻度件和内筒体相连接时,允许剂量设定刻度件和内筒体相对于壳体转动;而当二者分离时,允许剂量设定刻度件相对于壳体转动,但不允许内筒体相对于壳体转动,并且允许内筒体轴向移动。因此,术语“离合器装置”是例如通过使用轴向力接合一组端面齿(锯齿、犬齿(dog teeth)、冠状齿)或任意其它适当的摩擦面而接合用于可逆地锁定两个元件使它们不能相对转动的任意离合器。
根据本发明的术语“外围(periphery)”通常应当理解为任意部件的表面,优选为沿纵向轴线的表面。
根据本发明的术语“初始位置”应当理解为剂量设定刻度件的起始位置,即当剂量的设定量为零(“00”)时。其通常是这样的情况:当所述装置尚未使用而药筒已经装满时,或者装置已经被使用并且设定量的药物已经分别地被完全排出、被分配时。
根据本发明的术语“丝杠”应当理解为任意的基本上为圆柱形的元件,其优选通过螺纹接合的方式与柱塞杆接合,并且在剂量设定过程中朝近端方向移动时相对于所述柱塞杆旋转,而在剂量分配过程中朝远端沿轴向移动而不旋转。在一优选实施例中,丝杠还优选通过螺纹接合的方式与一自由锁(例如,摩擦离合器、止推轴承等)相接合。
术语“自由锁”应当理解为基本上为圆柱形的元件,其具有外螺纹和内螺纹并且与所述内筒体和丝杠螺纹接合。优选地,在剂量设定和剂量分配过程中,a)自由锁和内筒体,以及b)自由锁和丝杠之间的相对旋转运动被允许,并且自由锁和内筒体之间的相对轴向运动被允许,而自由锁和丝杠之间的相对轴向运动被限制。
在一更具体的实施例中,所述自由锁螺纹接合在内筒体的内表面和丝杠的外表面之间,并可选地位于丝杠的近端。
在另一个优选实施例中,所述自由锁固定在柱塞杆保持器上,从而自由锁和丝杠之间的相对轴向运动不受限制。
因此,术语“自由锁”应当理解为这样一种机构,其同时结合了离合器机构(例如,滑动离合器)和减力机构(force reduction mechanism)的特性。
根据本发明的术语“计数器环”应当理解为与剂量设定刻度件成互锁关系的任意结构性元件。在一优选实施例中,所述计数器环同心地组装在剂量设定刻度件的外周上,可选地与螺纹嵌入件的前侧相邻。在另一个优选实施例中,一定位套环邻接所述计数器环的远端而组装在剂量设定刻度件外周面上,可选地,该筒状定位套环可集成在所述壳体中。
“计数器环”通过沿其外周的标示(indices)来指示设定剂量的量的一个数字,而设定剂量的一个或多个其它数字可通过沿所述剂量设定刻度件的外周的标示来指示。优选地,“计数器环”的拨动应当可设定要设定剂量的最小增量(例如,一个单位的十分度、八分度、四分度或二分度,或单个单位)。
根据本发明的术语“互锁关系”应当理解为计数器环和剂量设定刻度件之间的任意结构性连接,该连接允许计数器环和剂量设定刻度件优选通过一螺旋结构(例如,螺纹、槽、肋)一起旋转,并且当剂量设定刻度件移动时(朝向前的方向或向后的方向),还允许该剂量设定刻度件相对于计数器环纵向地作轴向运动。优选地,当剂量设定刻度件被旋拧出以设定剂量时,计数器环在显示窗口中保持可见并且显示所设定的剂量(药物的量)。
根据本发明的术语“显示窗口”应当理解为所述壳体上的任意开口例如孔,或该壳体上的透明部分,其可显示所述装置的状态,优选为剂量设定的状态,特别是所设定剂量的量。这优选通过剂量指示器实现,该剂量指示器呈现一个或多个数字符号或图形符号或值或字符,优选为两个或三个数字,以指示剂量的设定量。在另一个优选实施例中,“显示窗口”显示剂量的选定量的值,该值包括沿计数器环的外围的周边显示的一个或多个数字,以及沿剂量设定刻度件的外围的周边显示的一个或多个数字。
在另一个实施例中,所述显示窗口优选地基本上位于所述装置的近端。
根据本发明的药物输送装置,柱塞杆的远端邻接药筒活塞,而柱塞杆的近端接合所述丝杠。在剂量设定过程中,所述丝杠被所述内筒体驱动以便相对于所述柱塞朝近端旋转。柱塞杆和丝杠被构造成类似于伸缩式的结构,从而减小了驱动机构的总长度。
此外,柱塞杆与柱塞杆保持器接合,从而在剂量设定和剂量分配过程中的旋转运动被阻止。柱塞杆保持器还用于防止柱塞杆在剂量设定过程中朝近端直线移动,但允许柱塞杆在剂量分配过程中朝远端直线移动。本发明的机构可非常精确地重复执行剂量设定。
通过使用沿柱塞杆的外围形成的棘齿可防止柱塞杆在剂量设定过程中朝近端沿轴向运动,所述棘齿与形成在柱塞杆保持器上的多个棘齿臂接合。
通过将非圆形横截面的柱塞杆插入到形成于柱塞杆保持器中的相应的非圆形通道中,该柱塞杆的旋转运动被阻止。
附图说明
参照附图对本发明的实施例1加以说明:
图1至6涉及本发明实施例1的药物输送装置,图7至8涉及本发明实施例2的药物输送装置。
图1是整个装置的透视图。
图2是处于初始状态的所述装置的驱动机构的侧剖视图。
图3是示出所述装置的剂量设定操作的侧剖视图。
图4是示出所述装置的剂量输送的侧剖视图。
图5是图2的放大视图。
图6示出所述装置的柱塞杆、丝杠和柱塞杆保持器。
图7是所述装置处于离合器接合状态的侧剖视图。
图8是所述装置处于离合器分离状态的侧剖视图。
图9是自由锁的一种替换结构的侧剖视图。
具体实施方式
参照图1至2对装置(1)的轮廓进行说明。
该装置是机械式笔型的并且包括:
壳体(2);
连接在所述壳体(2)的远端的药筒保持器(2a);
药筒(3),该药筒由安装在药筒近端的活塞(8)密封,容纳液体药物(4)并安装在药筒保持器(2a)中;
附装在所述装置的远端上的可拆卸的盖(12);
组装在所述壳体(2)的近端内的活塞驱动组件(21)。
在分配过程中,所述活塞驱动组件从近端向远端传递致动力。活塞驱动组件(21)包括剂量设定刻度件(22)、内筒体(23)、自由锁(24)、丝杠(25)、柱塞杆(26)、柱塞杆保持器(27)、释放按钮(28)、剂量指示器(或计数器)(29)、计数器环(30)和螺纹嵌入件(31)。
螺旋结构存在于螺纹嵌入件(31)和剂量设定刻度件(22)之间(即“第一螺旋结构”)、内筒体(23)和自由锁(24)之间(即“第二螺旋结构”)以及丝杠(25)和柱塞杆(26)之间(即“第三螺旋结构”)。
现在对所述装置的操作进行说明。为了设定期望的输送剂量,使用者旋转剂量设定刻度件(22)的旋钮(22a),从而通过所述第一螺旋结构(35)使剂量设定刻度件向近端移动。在剂量设定过程中,离合器(56)阻止剂量设定刻度件(22)和内筒体(23)之间的相对旋转,从而允许内筒体向近端旋转。
当内筒体(23)在剂量设定过程中向近端旋转时,通过位于内筒体(23)的内表面上的键槽(51)中的一对花键凸出部(50))的作用,丝杠(25)与内筒体(23)一起相对于柱塞杆(26)旋转。当丝杠(25)朝近端旋转出柱塞杆(26)时,柱塞杆保持器(27)锁定柱塞杆(26),以防止柱塞杆向近端移动,从而保持其与活塞(8)邻接。
内筒体(23)的旋转还通过第二螺旋结构(44)使自由锁(24)向远端移动。
当前实施例中的所设定剂量由指示器(计数器)(29)上的数值(66)指示,并且由剂量设定刻度件(22)显示在显示窗口(62)中。
为了向病人施用选定剂量的药物,使用者向远端按下释放按钮(28),使剂量设定刻度件(22)从内筒体(23)上分离,从而允许剂量设定刻度件相对于内筒体旋转并向远端移动。内筒体(23)沿轴向朝远端移动,从而在近端方向上以预定的减速比旋转所述自由锁(24),将内筒体(23)的轴向运动传递到丝杠(25)上,并使丝杠沿轴向朝远端移动。由此丝杠(25)向远端推动柱塞杆(26)。这进而朝远端推动活塞(8),从而从药筒(3)中将内含物排出并通过针头(5)送入病人体内。
实施例1的装置的细节将参照图2至6加以说明。
螺纹嵌入件(31)通过本领域技术人员已知的适当方法同心地组装并固定于壳体(2)的近端部分(2b)的内部。该螺纹嵌入件(31)与基本上为筒状的剂量设定刻度件(22)螺纹接合,由此形成第一螺旋结构(35)。剂量设定刻度件(22)安装成在剂量设定过程中向近端旋转运动,而在剂量输送过程中向远端旋转运动。优选为钩爪形式的止动部(22d)形成在剂量设定刻度件(22)的远端上。
直径与壳体外径相同的筒形旋钮(22a)附装在剂量设定刻度件(22)的近端。锯齿状部(22b)形成在旋钮(22a)的外表面上以便供使用者更好地抓握。
内筒体(23)同心地组装在剂量设定刻度件(22)的内部并且通过离合器装置(56)可释放地连接到剂量设定刻度件(22)上。基本上为圆筒形的凸缘部分形成在内筒体(23)的近端(23a)并插入在旋钮(22a)的空心凹部(22c)中。
自由锁(24)的外表面与内筒体(23)的内表面螺纹接合,从而形成第二螺旋结构(44)。自由锁(24)可在内筒体(23)中向远端和近端自由地旋转和沿轴向运动。
自由锁(24)的内表面与基本上为非圆形横截面的丝杠(25)的近端的外表面螺纹接合。自由锁(24)可在丝杠(25)的外表面上自由旋转以及向丝杠(25)的远端和近端轴向地移动。
丝杠(25)的远端与柱塞杆(26)的近端螺纹接合,从而形成第三螺旋结构(47)。
所述基本上为非圆形横截面、优选为正方形管状的柱塞杆(26)在其外表面上、优选地在其外表面的两个相对的面上具有小节距的棘齿(38)。
柱塞杆保持器(27)通过本领域技术人员已知的任意适当手段固定在壳体(2)的远端的内侧。具有与柱塞杆(26)的外径相等的尺寸的正方形通道(37)形成在柱塞杆保持器(27)的中间。柱塞杆(26)与正方形通道(37)接合,从而柱塞杆保持器(27)阻止柱塞杆(26)旋转。
多个成对的柔性棘齿臂(39)——优选为两个——形成在柱塞杆保持器(27)上。这些部件形成装置的棘齿机构(40)。可以设想出另一个实施例,其中在柱塞杆保持器(27)上形成有三个或四个棘齿臂,具有例如90°(例如,4个臂)或120°(例如,3个臂)的偏移量等。
所述棘齿机构(40)与柱塞杆(26)的棘齿(38)相接合,使得阻止柱塞杆(26)向近端的轴向运动,但允许柱塞杆(26)向远端的轴向运动。
多个花键槽(49)——优选为两个——形成在内筒体(23)的内表面上。多个花键凸出部(50)——优选为两个——形成在丝杠(25)的近端的外表面上。所述花键凸出部(50)与内筒体(23)的所述花键槽(49)相接合,从而允许丝杠(25)相对于内筒体(23)向远端和近端作轴向运动。所述花键槽(49)和花键凸出部(50)共同形成花键结构(51)。
基本上为圆柱形的、远端开口而近端封闭的释放按钮(28)同心地组装在旋钮(22a)内侧的空腔(22c)中。环形肋(53)形成在释放按钮(28)的外周,并与旋钮(22a)的内周上的环形槽(52)相接合。由此释放按钮(28)可相对于旋钮(22a)自由地旋转以及向远端和近端沿轴向移动。释放按钮(28)向远端和近端的运动受环形槽(52)的宽度限制。
释放按钮(28)移动,从而它可进入和离开与内筒体(23)的凸缘部分(23b)的靠接状态。
波形环(54)、例如为齿等形成在内筒体(23)的凸缘部分(23b)的远端面上,并且与剂量设定刻度件(22)上的相应的波形肩部(55)相接合。波形环(54)和波形肩部(55)共同形成可释放地连接剂量设定刻度件(22)和内筒体(23)的第一离合器(56),从而在剂量设定过程中防止了相对的旋转运动。
第二离合器(60)形成在内筒体(23)的近端和释放按钮(28)的内表面之间。该第二离合器(60)包括位于释放按钮(28)和内筒体(23)上的两个互补的波形结构、齿形结构等。
在本实施例中,所设定的剂量由计数器环(30)和剂量设定刻度件(22)上的数值表示。所设定的剂量可通过位于壳体(2)近端的显示窗口(62)看到。本实施例的显示窗口(62)是开口,当然也可以使用透明的透镜覆盖该显示窗口(62),以防止污物、灰尘、液体等进入到机构内部和/或用作放大镜。
通过在剂量设定刻度件(22)的外周上从其远端到其近端形成的多个肋槽(64)以及形成在计数器环(30)内表面上的对应数目的肋(63),计数器环(30)与剂量设定刻度件(22)相接合。计数器环(30)可相对于剂量设定刻度件(22)向近端和远端轴向地移动。为了阻止计数器环(30)相对于剂量设定刻度件(22)沿轴向运动,可将一定位套环(65)组装在剂量设定刻度件(22)的外周上并将其邻接计数器环(30)的近端地固定在壳体(2)的内表面上。一集成在壳体(2)上的筒状定位套环(65)邻接计数器环(30)的远端。由此在剂量设定和剂量输送过程中,计数器环(30)可与剂量设定刻度件(22)一起相对于壳体旋转,但不能相对于壳体(2)作轴向运动。
在本实施例中,计数器环(30)从“0”到“9”显示所设定剂量的“个位”数值。“十位”数值标示在剂量设定刻度件(22)上,从而在计数器环(30)的完整旋转过程中,相应的“十位”数值将被连续地显示。
根据本发明的装置中的所有三个螺旋结构(即35、44和47)具有不同的螺距。第一螺旋结构(35)、第二螺旋结构(44)和第三螺旋结构(47)之间的螺距比大约为3∶2∶1,以便实现螺旋结构所传递的力的有效降低(“减速”)。
装置(1)的实施例2将参照图7和8加以说明。
该实施例2包括对剂量设定刻度件(22)和内筒体(23)之间的第一离合器(56)的修改。
图7示出位于内筒体(23)近端的可替换离合器(57)。该离合器(57)包括锥形凸轮表面(57a)和多个等距间隔的第一接合部(54a)。通过释放按钮(28)向远端或近端的轴向移动,离合器(57)可以被压缩或扩张,以使第一接合部(54a)与形成在旋钮(22a)的内表面上的相应的第二接合部(54b)接合或分离。所述第一接合部(54a)和第二接合部(54b)例如通过一对弹性作用部(未示出)的弹性力接合在一起。
在剂量设定过程中,第一接合部(54a)和第二接合部(54b)在弹性力的作用下接合,从而使内筒体(23)和剂量设定刻度件(22)相连并防止内筒体(23)和剂量设定刻度件(22)之间的相对旋转。
在剂量分配过程中,释放按钮(28)沿远端方向被按下,从而分离所述第一接合部(54a)和第二接合部(54b),由此从内筒体(23)上分离剂量设定刻度件(22),并允许剂量设定刻度件(22)相对于内筒体(23)旋转。
本发明的机构和装置并不限于上述实施例1和2,而是允许基于本发明的技术思想进行各种有效的变化。例如,图9示出了一种可替换的方案,其中自由锁固定在柱塞杆保持器上。在这种情况下,第一、第二和第三螺旋结构之间的螺距比大约为3∶3∶1。

Claims (10)

1、一种用于药物输送装置的驱动机构,包括:
具有非圆形横截面并且空心的柱塞杆,所述柱塞杆不能旋转;
与所述柱塞杆接合的丝杠;
剂量设定刻度件,该剂量设定刻度件在剂量设定过程中向近端可旋转地移动,在剂量分配过程中向远端可旋转地移动;
内筒体,该内筒体可释放地连接到所述剂量设定刻度件上,使得所述剂量设定刻度件和所述内筒体之间的相对旋转在剂量设定过程中被阻止,而在剂量分配过程中被允许;
柱塞杆保持器,该柱塞杆保持器防止所述柱塞杆在剂量设定过程中向近端移动,但是允许所述柱塞杆在剂量分配过程中向远端移动;以及
具有外螺纹和内螺纹的自由锁,该自由锁以其外螺纹与所述内筒体螺纹接合并以其内螺纹与所述丝杠螺纹接合。
2、根据权利要求1所述的驱动机构,其特征在于,沿所述柱塞杆连续地形成有棘齿,并且在所述柱塞杆保持器上形成有一个或多个棘齿臂,所述棘齿臂用于与所述棘齿连续地接合以便阻止所述柱塞杆向近端移动。
3、一种包括根据权利要求1至2中任一项所述的驱动机构的药物输送装置。
4、根据权利要求3所述的装置,其特征在于,该装置容纳胰岛素、肝素,或它们的任意衍生物或类似物。
5、根据权利要求1至2中任一项所述的驱动机构用于组装根据权利要求3至4中任一项所述的装置的应用。
6、用于向人或动物的身体施用药物制剂的根据权利要求1至2中任一项所述的驱动机构。
7、根据权利要求6所述的驱动机构,其特征在于,所述药物制剂选自胰岛素、肝素以及它们的衍生物和类似物。
8、用于向人或动物的身体施用药物制剂的根据权利要求3至4中任一项所述的装置。
9、根据权利要求8所述的装置,其特征在于,所述药物制剂选自胰岛素、肝素以及它们的衍生物和类似物。
10、组装药物输送装置的方法,该方法包括下述步骤:
将根据权利要求1至2中任一项所述的驱动机构安装到其它部件上,以便制造根据权利要求3至4中任一项所述的药物输送装置。
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