CN100537612C - 用发光二极管的光固化方法 - Google Patents
用发光二极管的光固化方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN100537612C CN100537612C CNB2005800110797A CN200580011079A CN100537612C CN 100537612 C CN100537612 C CN 100537612C CN B2005800110797 A CNB2005800110797 A CN B2005800110797A CN 200580011079 A CN200580011079 A CN 200580011079A CN 100537612 C CN100537612 C CN 100537612C
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- phenyl
- methyl
- hydroxyl
- thickness
- acid
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
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- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 23
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Natural products CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
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- AUONHKJOIZSQGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxophosphane Chemical compound P=O AUONHKJOIZSQGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- WKGDNXBDNLZSKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxido(phenyl)phosphanium Chemical compound O=[PH2]c1ccccc1 WKGDNXBDNLZSKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- -1 methoxyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 71
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 32
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- 125000004386 diacrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 17
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 16
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 12
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- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 11
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- JHPBZFOKBAGZBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethylpentyl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)C(C)(C)COC(=O)C(C)=C JHPBZFOKBAGZBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
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- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229940090248 4-hydroxybenzoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 4
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- FTWUXYZHDFCGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-diphenyloxamide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC(=O)C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 FTWUXYZHDFCGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RPGWZZNNEUHDAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylphosphine Chemical compound PC1=CC=CC=C1 RPGWZZNNEUHDAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
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- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/46—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation
- C08F2/48—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation by ultraviolet or visible light
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- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
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- C07F9/5337—Phosphine oxides or thioxides containing the structure -C(=X)-P(=X) or NC-P(=X) (X = O, S, Se)
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- C08F290/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers modified by introduction of aliphatic unsaturated end or side groups on to polymers modified by introduction of unsaturated side groups
- C08F290/14—Polymers provided for in subclass C08G
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Abstract
公开一种以发光二极管(LED)光源使某种厚层烯属不饱和体系光固化的方法。该厚可固化组合物是厚涂层、凝胶涂层、复合材料和胶粘剂。光引发剂是至少一种双酰基氧化膦或单酰基氧化膦。该方法提供优异的表面固化和内部固化。
Description
技术领域
本发明的目的是一种采用发光二极管(LED)光源使某种厚层烯属不饱和体系光固化的方法。
背景技术
发光二极管光源已被应用于，例如，牙科领域。例如，正如美国专利2002113217，2002115037和2001046652，CA2332190，JP 2000271155，U.S.Pat.Nos.6,200,134和6,159,005，EP 780104，EP 780103，U.S.Pat.Nos.5,316,473和6,007,965中所公开的。在此将这些美国申请和专利的相关公开内容收作参考。
现已发现某些厚断面涂层、凝胶涂层、复合材料和胶粘剂，例如，比大约10密耳[＝约0.25mm]更厚的厚断面，难以固化。
令人惊奇的是，本发明方法能给厚断面提供良好的表面固化和良好内部固化而不发生表面龟裂。还感到惊奇的是，本发明方法固化厚断面比固化薄层快。鉴于采用传统光源如紫外或可见光时情况正好相反，因此这尤其令人吃惊。
发明内容
因此，本发明的主题是一种固化烯属不饱和可聚合化合物的方法，
该方法包括
向所述化合物中加入至少一种酰基氧化膦光引发剂
以及用来自发光二极管光源的射线辐照如此得到的混合物。
有利的是，采用单酰基氧化膦和双酰基氧化膦光引发剂的混合物。
也有利的是，采用单酰基氧化膦或双酰基氧化膦光引发剂与α-羟基酮光引发剂的混合物。
同样也采用单酰基氧化膦、双酰基氧化膦与α-羟基酮光引发剂的混合物。
特别是，本发明方法适合厚涂层，厚凝胶涂层、厚多层复合材料或厚胶粘剂层。
厚涂层大于约10密耳[＝约0.25mm]，例如，大于10密耳到约30密耳[＝约0.76mm]。这里的厚涂层例如是金属、塑料或玻璃的涂层。该涂层例如是丙烯酸酯基涂层。
这里的胶粘剂是厚层胶粘剂，例如，大于10密耳，例如，从大于约10密耳[＝约0.25mm]到约30密耳[＝约0.76mm]。这里的胶粘剂例如是层压结构或压敏胶粘剂，例如，压敏热熔胶粘剂。
所述胶粘剂可以是热熔胶粘剂，也可以是水性或溶剂型胶粘剂。特别适合的是压敏胶粘剂，例如，紫外固化热熔压敏胶粘剂。所述胶粘剂，例如，包含至少一种橡胶组分、至少一种树脂组分作为增粘剂，以及至少一种油组分，例如，按30:50:20的重量比。合适的增粘剂是天然或合成树脂。本领域技术人员知道什么是合适的对应化合物以及合适的油组分或橡胶。
凝胶涂层也大于约10密耳[＝约0.25mm]，例如，从大于约10密耳到约30密耳[＝约0.76mm]。凝胶涂层一般是白色的，具有高加入量二氧化钛，例如，介于约10％～约25wt％，以整个组合物为基准计。
例如，这里的涂层、胶粘剂层和凝胶涂层大于约11、12、13、14或者大于约15密耳[大于约0.28、0.31、0.325、0.36或者大于约0.38mm]。
复合材料是多层厚体系，例如，从大于约25密耳[约0.64mm]，例如，从约25密耳到约300密耳[约7.6mm]。复合材料包含，例如，约2～约8层。复合材料是，例如，苯乙烯聚酯，后者可包含玻璃纤维和其它助剂。该复合材料组合物由自支撑基材材料，例如，玻璃纤维织物，或者，例如，植物纤维(参见K.-P.Mieck和T.Reussmann，《塑料》85(1995)，366～370)，以固化制剂浸渍组成。由复合材料组合物生产的成型制品具有高机械稳定性和耐受性。
本发明复合材料被用于，例如，船舶、刨花板或胶合板之类的板，两面涂以玻璃纤维增强的塑料，管材、容器等。复合材料的其它例子是含有玻璃纤维的模塑件(GRP)用的UP树脂涂层，例如，瓦楞纸和纸层合物。这些涂层是在层合物生产之前在一种载体(例如，片材)上生产的。另一个优点是，该复合材料组合物可以部分固化、塑性状态从光源下挪开，然后进行造型。随后再实施完全的固化。
这里的复合材料例如是透明的。
本发明LED光源操作在低热状态下。例如，LED光源操作在约390nm±30nm，约250mW/cm2状态下。LED光源操作在低热状态下，例如，低于树脂中挥发分的沸点，例如，低于苯乙烯在大气压下的沸点。
酰基氧化膦光引发剂公开在，例如，美国专利4,324,744、4,737,593、5,942,290、5,534,559、6,020,528、6,486,228和6,486,226中，在此将其相关公开内容收作参考。
酰基氧化膦光引发剂是双酰基氧化膦或单酰基氧化膦。
双酰基氧化膦光引发剂具有通式I
R50是C1～C12烷基、环己基或苯基，该苯基是未取代的或取代上1～4个卤素或C1～C8烷基；
R51和R52彼此独立地是C1～C8烷基或C1～C8烷氧基；
R53是氢或C1～C8烷基；并且
R54是氢或甲基。
例如，R50是C2～C10烷基、环己基或苯基，后者是未取代的或取代上1～4个C1～C4烷基、Cl或Br。
另一种实施方案是，式中R50是C3～C8烷基、环己基或苯基，后者是未取代的或在2-、3-、4-或2，5-位取代上C1～C4烷基。
例如，R50是C4～C12烷基或环己基，R51和R52彼此独立地是C1～C8烷基或C1～C8烷氧基并且R53是氢或C1～C8烷基。
例如，R51和R52是C1～C4烷基或C1～C4烷氧基并且R53是氢或C1～C4烷基。
另一种实施方案是，式中R51和R52是甲基或甲氧基并且R53是氢或甲基。
例如，R51、R52和R53是甲基。
另一种实施方案是，式中R51、R52和R53是甲基并且R54是氢。
另一种实施方案是，式中，R50是C3～C8烷基。
例如，R51和R52是甲氧基，R53和R54是氢并且R50是异辛基。
例如，R50是异丁基。
例如，R50是苯基。
这里的双酰基氧化膦光引发剂是，例如，双(2，4，6-三甲基苯甲酰基)-苯基氧化膦(CAS# 162881-26-7)或是双(2，4，6-三甲基苯甲酰基)-(2，4-双戊氧基苯基)氧化膦。
单酰基氧化膦光引发剂具有通式II
R1和R2彼此独立地是C1～C12烷基、苄基、苯基，后者是未取代的或取代上1～4个卤素原子、C1～C8烷基和/或C1～C8烷氧基，或者是环己基或基团-COR3，或者
R1是-OR4；
R3是苯基，可以是未取代的或取代上1～4个C1～C8烷基、C1～C8烷氧基、C1～C8烷硫基和/或卤素；并且
R4是C1～C8烷基、苯基或苄基。
例如，R1是-OR4。
例如，R2是苯基，可以是未取代的或取代上1～4个卤素，C1～C8烷基和/或C1～C8烷氧基。
例如，R3是苯基，可以是未取代的或取代上1～4个C1～C8烷基。
例如，这里的单酰基氧化膦是2，4，6-三甲基苯甲酰乙氧基苯基氧化膦(CAS# 84434-11-7)或2，4，6-三甲基苯甲酰二苯基氧化膦(CAS#127090-72-6)。
本发明方法还可采用进一步的光引发剂，例如，α-羟基酮光引发剂，具有通式III
其中
R11和R12彼此独立地是氢、C1～C6烷基、苯基、C1～C6烷氧基、OSiR16(R17)2或-O(CH3CH2O)q-C1～C6烷基，或者
R11和R12与它们连接的碳原子一起构成一个环己基环；
q是1～20的数；
R13是OH、C1～C16烷氧基或-O(CH2CH2O)q-C1～C6烷基；
R14是氢、C1～C18烷基、C1～C12羟烷基、C1～C18烷氧基、-OCH2CH2-OR15、-CH＝CH2、-C(CH3)＝CH2或者是
n是2～10的数；
R15是氢、-COCH＝CH2或-COC(CH3)＝CH2；
R16和R17彼此独立地是C1～C8烷基或苯基；并且
G3和G4彼此独立地是聚合物结构的端基，优选氢或甲基。
有价值的α-羟基酮光引发剂是如下定义的那些，式中R11和R12彼此独立地是氢、C1～C6烷基或苯基或者R11和R12与它们连接到碳原子一起构成一个环己基环，R13是OH，并且R14是氢、C1～C12烷基、C1～C12烷氧基、-OCH2CH2OR15、-C(CH3)＝CH2或是
或
例如，适合作为α-羟基酮光引发剂的是如下定义的那些，式中R11和R12彼此独立地是甲基或乙基，或者R11和R12与它们连接到碳原子一起构成一个环己基环，R13是氢并且R14是氢、C1～C4烷基、C1～C4烷氧基或-OCH2CH2OH。
有价值的还有这样的化合物，其中R14是
例如，合适的α-羟基酮光引发剂是
α-羟基环己基苯基甲酮，
2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基丙酮，
2-羟基-2-甲基-1-(4-异丙基苯基)丙酮，
2-羟基-2-甲基-1-(4-十二烷基苯基)丙酮，
2-羟基-1-{4-[4-(2-羟基-2-甲基-丙酰基)-苄基]-苯基}-2-甲基-丙-1-酮，以及
2-羟基-2-甲基-1-[(2-羟基乙氧基)苯基]丙酮。
本发明α-羟基酮光引发剂例如是，α-羟基环己基苯基甲酮或2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基-1-丙酮。
直链或支链烷基是，例如，甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、戊基、异戊基、异辛基、己基、庚基、辛基、壬基、癸基或十二烷基。同样地，烷氧基或烷硫基具有同样的直链或支链。
合适的光引发剂共混物(PI共混物)公开在，例如，美国专利6,020,528和美国专利申请号60/498,848,2000-08-29中，在此将其公开内容收作参考。
本发明PI(光引发剂)共混物是，例如，双(2，4，6-三甲基苯甲酰)苯基氧化膦(CAS# 162881-26-7)和2，4，6-三甲基苯甲酰乙氧基苯基氧化膦(CAS# 84434-11-7)按约1:11、1:10、1:9、1:8或1:7的重量比的混合物。
另一种尤其优选的PI共混物是双(2，4，6-三甲基苯甲酰)苯基氧化膦、2，4，6-三甲基苯甲酰乙氧基苯基氧化膦和2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基-1-丙酮(CAS# 7473-98-5)按，例如，约3:1:15或3:1:16或4:1:15或4:1:16重量比的混合物。
另一种合适的PI共混物是双(2，4，6-三甲基苯甲酰)苯基氧化膦和2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基-1-丙酮按，例如，约1:3、1:4或1:5的重量比的混合物。
本发明酰基氧化膦PI或PI共混物在辐射固化组合物中以约0.2～约10wt％，以组合物重量为基准计，的数量存在。例如，PI或PI共混物以约0.5～约8wt％，约1～约7％或约2、3、4、5或6wt％，以组合物重量为基准计，的数量存在。
本发明其它合适的光引发剂是，例如，其它单-或双酰基氧化膦，例如，二苯基-2，4，6-三甲基苯甲酰氧化膦或双(2，6-二甲氧基苯甲酰)-2，4，4-三甲基戊基氧化膦；α-羟基酮，例如，1-羟基环己基苯基甲酮或2-羟基-1-[4-(2-羟基乙氧基)苯基]-2-甲基-1-丙酮；α-氨基酮，例如，2-甲基-1-[4-(甲基硫基)苯基]-2-(4-吗啉基)-1-丙酮、2-苄基-2-(二甲基氨基)-1-[4-(4-吗啉基)苯基]-1-丁酮、2-(4-甲基苄基-2-(二甲基氨基)-1-[4-(4-吗啉基)苯基]-1-丁酮或2-苄基-2-(二甲基氨基)-1-[3，4-二甲氧基苯基]-1-丁酮；二苯酮类，例如，二苯酮、2，4，6-三甲基二苯酮、4-甲基二苯酮、2-甲基二苯酮、2-甲氧基羰基二苯酮、4，4’-双(氯甲基)-二苯酮、4-氯二苯酮、4-苯基二苯酮、4，4’-双(二甲基氨基)-二苯酮、4，4’-双(二乙基氨基)二苯酮、2-苯甲酰苯甲酰甲酯、3，3’-二甲基-4-甲氧基二苯酮、4-(4-甲基苯基硫基)二苯酮、2，4，6-三甲基-4’-苯基-二苯酮或3-甲基-4’-苯基-二苯酮；缩酮化合物，例如，2，2-二甲氧基-1，2-二苯基-乙酮；和单体或二聚苯基甲酰甲酸酯，例如，苯酰甲酸甲酯、5，5’-氧代-二(亚乙基氧基二羰基苯基)或1，2-(苯甲酰羧基)乙烷。
本发明其它合适的光引发剂，包括配合或不配合使用酰基氧化膦者，例如是公开在美国专利6,596,445中的肟酯，在此将其公开内容收作参考。合适的肟酯光引发剂是，例如
另一类合适的本发明光引发剂，配合或不配合使用酰基氧化膦者，例
如是苯基甲酰甲酸酯，例如，公开在美国专利6,048,660中，在此将其公开内容收作参考。例如，下式的苯基甲酰甲酸酯
其中Y是C1～C12亚烷基、亚环己基、C2～C40亚烷基，被亚环己基、O、S或NR30中断1次或多次，并且R30是氢、C1～C12-烷基或苯基，优选地，Y是CH2CH2-O-CH2CH2。
该可光聚合混合物，除了光引发剂之外，还可含有各种不同添加剂。这些的例子是热阻聚剂，旨在防止过早聚合，其例子是氢醌、氢醌衍生物、对甲氧基苯酚、β-萘酚或空间位阻酚，例如，2，6-二(叔丁基)-对甲酚。在黑暗中贮存寿命可通过，例如，采用铜化合物延长，例如，环烷酸铜、硬脂酸铜、或辛酸铜、磷化合物，例如，三苯膦、三丁基膦、亚磷酸三乙酯、亚磷酸三苯酯或亚磷酸三苄酯、季铵化合物如氯化四甲基铵或氯化三甲基苄基铵、或羟胺衍生物，例如，N-二乙基羟胺。为了在聚合期间隔绝大气氧，可加入石蜡或类似蜡样物质；这些物质，由于其在聚合物中溶解度低，故一旦开始聚合就迁移到表面上，并形成防止空气侵入的透明表面层。也可以施加隔氧层。可加入的光稳定剂是紫外吸收剂，例如，熟知的市售紫外吸收剂羟苯基苯并三唑、羟苯基二苯酮、草酰胺或羟苯基-s-三嗪类型。可以使用单独的化合物或者使用它们的混合物，配合或不配合使用空间位阻胺光稳定剂(HALS)。空间位阻胺是，例如，基于2，2，6，6-四甲基哌啶的。
紫外吸收剂和空间位阻胺例如是：
2-(2-羟苯基)-2H-苯并三唑，例如，公知的市售羟苯基-2H-苯并三唑和如同公开在美国专利
3,004,896；
3,055,896；3,072,585；3,074,910；3,189,615；3,218,332；3,230,194；4,127,586；
4,226,763；4,275,004；4,278,589；4,315,848；4,347,180；4,383,863；4,675,352；
4,681,905，4,853,471；5,268,450；5,278,314；5,280,124；5,319,091；5,410,071；
5,436,349；5,516,914；5,554,760；5,563,242；5,574,166；5,607,987，5,977,219和
6,166,218
例如，2-(2-羟基-5-甲基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、2-(3，5-二叔丁基-2-羟苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、2-(2-羟基-5-叔丁基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、2-(2-羟基-5-叔辛基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、5-氯-2-(3，5-二叔丁基-2-羟苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、5-氯-2-(3-叔丁基-2-羟基-5-甲基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、2-(3-仲丁基-5-叔丁基-2-羟苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、2-(2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、2-(3，5-二叔戊基-2-羟苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、2-(3，5-双-α-枯基-2-羟苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、2-(3-叔丁基-2-羟基-5-(2-(ω-羟基-八-(亚乙基氧基)羰基-乙基)-、苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、2-(3-十二烷基-2-羟基-5-甲基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、2-(3-叔丁基-2-羟基-5-(2-辛氧基羰基)乙苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、十二烷基化的2-(2-羟基-5-甲基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、2-(3-叔丁基-2-羟基-5-(2-辛氧基-羰基乙基)苯基)-5-氯-2H-苯并三唑、2-(3-叔丁基-5-(2-(2-乙基己氧基)-羰基乙基)-2-羟苯基)-5-氯-2H-苯并三唑、2-(3-叔丁基-2-羟基-5-(2-甲氧基羰基乙基)苯基)-5-氯-2H-苯并三唑、2-(3-叔丁基-2-羟基-5-(2-甲氧基羰基乙基)苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、2-(3-叔丁基-5-(2-(2-乙基己氧基)羰基乙基)-2-羟苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、2-(3-叔丁基-2-羟基-5-(2-异辛基氧基羰基乙基)苯基-2H-苯并三唑、2，2’-亚甲基-双(4-叔辛基-(6-2H-苯并三唑-2-基)苯酚)、2-(2-羟基-3-α-枯基-5-叔辛基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、2-(2-羟基-3-叔辛基-5-α-枯基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、5-氟-2-(2-羟基-3，5-二-α-枯基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、5-氯-2-(2-羟基-3，5-二-α-枯基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、5-氯-2-(2-羟基-3，5-二-α-枯基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、5-氯-2-(2-羟基-3-α-枯基-5-叔辛基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、2-(3-叔丁基-2-羟基-5-(2-异辛基氧基羰基乙基)苯基)-5-氯-2H-苯并三唑、5-三氟甲基-2-(2-羟基-3-α-枯基-5-叔辛基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、5-三氟甲基-2-(2-羟基-5-叔辛基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、5-三氟甲基-2-(2-羟基3，5-二叔辛基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、3-(5-三氟甲基-2H-苯并三唑-2-基)-5-叔丁基-4-羟基肉桂酸甲酯、5-丁磺酰基-2-(2-羟基-3-α-枯基叔辛基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、5-三氟甲基-2-(2-羟基-3-α-枯基-5-叔丁基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、5-三氟甲基-2-(2-羟基-3，5-二叔丁基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、5-三氟甲基-2-(2-羟基-3，5-二-α-枯基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、5-丁磺酰基-2-(2-羟基-3，5-二叔丁基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑和5-苯磺酰基-2-(2-羟基-3，5-二叔丁基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑。
2-羟基二苯酮，例如，4-羟基、4-甲氧基、4-辛氧基、4-癸氧基、4-十二烷氧基、4-苄氧基、4，2’，4’-三羟基和2’-羟基-4，4’-二甲氧基衍生物。
取代的和未取代的苯甲酸的酯，例如，水扬酸4-叔丁基苯酯、水扬酸苯酯、水扬酸辛基苯酯、二(苯甲酰)间苯二酚、双(4-叔丁基苯甲酰)间苯二酚、苯甲酰间苯二酚、2，4-二叔丁基苯基的3，5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸酯、十六烷基的3，5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸酯、十八烷基的3，5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸酯、2-甲基-4，6-二叔丁基苯基的3，5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸酯。
丙烯酸酯和丙二酸酯，例如，α-氰基-β，β-二苯基丙烯酸乙酯或异辛基酯、α-甲氧羰基-肉桂酸甲酯、α-氰基-β-甲基-对-甲氧基肉桂酸甲酯或丁酯，α-甲氧羰基-对-甲氧基-肉桂酸甲酯、N-(β-甲氧羰基-β-氰基乙烯基)-2-甲基-吲哚满、
PR25、二甲基的对甲氧基亚苄基丙二酸酯(dimethyl p-methoxybenzylidenemalonate)(CAS# 7443-25-6)，和
PR31，二-(1，2，2，6，6-五甲基哌啶-4-基)对甲氧基亚苄基丙二酸酯(CAS# 147783-69-5)。
空间位阻胺稳定剂，例如，4-羟基-2，2，6，6-四甲基哌啶、1-烯丙基-4-羟基-2，2，6，6-四甲基哌啶、1-苄基-4-羟基-2，2，6，6-四甲基哌啶、双(2，2，6，6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯、双(2，2，6，6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)琥珀酸酯、双(1，2，2，6，6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯、双(1-辛基氧基-2，2，6，6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯、双(1，2，2，6，6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)正丁基-3，5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基丙二酸酯，1-(2-羟乙基)-2，2，6，6-四甲基-4-羟基哌啶与琥珀酸的缩合物、N，N’-双(2，2，6，6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺与4-叔辛基氨基-2，6-二氯-1，3，5-三嗪的线型或环状缩合物、三(2，2，6，6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)次氨基三乙酸酯、四(2，2，6，6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-1，2，3，4-丁烷-四甲酸酯、1，1’-(1，2-亚乙基)-双(3，3，5，5-四甲基哌嗪酮)、4-苯甲酰-2，2，6，6-四甲基哌啶、4-硬脂酰氧基-2，2，6，6-四甲基哌啶、双(1，2，2，6，6-五甲基哌啶基)-2-正丁基-2-(2-羟基-3，5-二叔丁基苄基)丙二酸酯、3-正辛基-7，7，9，9-四甲基-1，3，8-三氮杂螺[4.5]癸-2，4-二酮、双(1-辛氧基-2，2，6，6-四甲基哌啶基)癸二酸酯、双(1-辛氧基-2，2，6，6-四甲基哌啶基)琥珀酸酯、N，N’-双(2，2，6，6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺与4-马啉代-2，6-二氯-1，3，5-三嗪的线型或环状缩合物、2-氯-4，6-双(4-正丁基氨基-2，2，6，6-四甲基哌啶基)-1，3，5-三嗪与1，2-双(3-氨丙基氨基)乙烷的缩合物、2-氯-4，6-二-(4-正丁基氨基-1，2，2，6，6-五甲基哌啶基)-1，3，5-三嗪与1，2-双-(3-氨丙基氨基)乙烷的缩合物、8-乙酰-3-十二烷基-7，7，9，9-四甲基-1，3，8-三氮杂螺[4.5]癸烷-2，4-二酮、3-十二烷基-1-(2，2，6，6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)吡咯烷-2，5-二酮、3-十二烷基-1-(1，2，2，6，6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)吡咯烷-2，5-二酮、4-十六烷氧基-和4-硬脂酰氧基-2，2，6，6-四甲基哌啶的混合物、N，N’-双(2，2，6，6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺与4-环己基氨基-2，6-二氯-1，3，5-三嗪的缩合产物、1，2-双(3-氨丙基氨基)乙烷和2，4，6-三氯-1，3，5-三嗪的缩合产物，以及4-丁基氨基-2，2，6，6-四甲基哌啶(CAS Reg.No.[136504-96-6]；N-(2，2，6，6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)正十二烷基琥珀酰亚胺、N-(1，2，2，6，6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)正十二烷基琥珀酰亚胺、2-十一烷基-7，7，9，9-四甲基-1-氧杂-3，8-二氮杂-4-氧代-螺[4，5]癸烷、7，7，9，9-四甲基-2-环十一烷基-1-氧杂-3，8-二氮杂-4-氧代螺[4，5]癸烷和表氯醇的反应产物、1，1-双(1，2，2，6，6-五甲基-4-哌啶基氧基羰基)-2-(4-甲氧基苯基)乙烯、N，N’-双-甲酰-N，N’-双(2，2，6，6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺、4-甲氧基-亚甲基-丙二酸与1，2，2，6，6-五甲基-4-羟基哌啶的二酯、聚[甲基丙基-3-氧基-4-(2，2，6，6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)]硅氧烷、马来酸酐-α-烯烃共聚物与2，2，6，6-四甲基-4-氨基哌啶或1，2，2，6，6-五甲基-4-氨基哌啶的反应产物。
空间位阻胺也可以是一种在美国专利5,980,783中描述的化合物。空间位阻胺也可以是一种在美国专利6,046,304和6,297,299中描述的化合物，在此将其公开内容收作参考。
在N-原子取代上羟基取代的烷氧基基团的空间位阻胺，例如，化合物：1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-4-十八酰氧基-2，2，6，6-四甲基哌啶、1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-4-十六酰氧基-2，2，6，6-四甲基哌啶、1-氧基-4-羟基-2，2，6，6-四甲基哌啶与来自叔戊基醇的碳自由基的反应产物、1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-4-羟基-2，2，6，6-四甲基哌啶、1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-4-氧代-2，2，6，6-四甲基哌啶、双(1-2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-2，2，6，6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)癸二酸酯、双(1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)2，2，6，6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)己二酸酯、双(1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-2，2，6，6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)琥珀酸酯、双(1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-2，2，6，6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)戊二酸酯和2，4-双{N-[1-(2-羟基-4-甲基丙氧基)-2，2，6，6-四甲基哌啶-4-基]-N-丁基氨基}-6-(2-羟基乙基氨基)-s-三嗪。
草酰胺，例如，4，4’-二辛氧基草酰苯胺、2，2’-二乙氧基草酰苯胺、2，2’-二辛氧基-5，5’-二叔丁基草酰苯胺、2，2’-二(十二烷氧基)-5，5’-二叔丁基草酰苯胺、2-乙氧基-2’-乙基草酰苯胺、N，N’-双(3-二甲基氨基丙基)草酰胺、2-乙氧基-5-叔丁基-2’-乙基草酰苯胺及其与2-乙氧基-2’-乙基-5，4’-二叔丁基草酰苯胺的混合物、邻-和对-甲氧基-二取代的草酰苯胺的混合物以及邻-和对-乙氧基-二取代的草酰苯胺的混合物。
三-芳基-邻-羟基苯基-s-三嗪，例如，公知的市售三-芳基-邻-羟苯基-s-三嗪和如美国专利
3,843,371；
4,619,956；4,740,542；5,096,489；5,106,891；5,298,067；5,300,414；5,354,794；
5,461,151；5,476,937；5,489,503；5,543,518；5,556,973；5,597,854；5,681,955；
5,726,309；5,736,597；5,942,626；5,959,008；5,998,116；6,013,704；6,060,543；
6,187,919；6,242,598和6,468,958
中公开的三嗪，例如，4，6-双-(2，4-二甲基苯基)-2-(2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯基)-s-三嗪，
1164，Cytec公司，4，6-双(2，4-二甲基苯基)-2-(2，4-二羟苯基)-s-三嗪、2，4-双(2，4-二羟苯基)-6-(4-氯苯基)-s-三嗪、2，4-双[2-羟基-4-(2-羟基乙氧基)苄基]-6-(4-氯苯基)-s-三嗪、2，4-双[2-羟基-4-(2-羟基-4-(2-羟基乙氧基)苯基)-6-(2，4-二甲基苯基)-s-三嗪、2，4-双[2-羟基-4-(2-羟基乙氧基)苯基]-6-(4-溴苯基)-s-三嗪、2，4-双[2-羟基-4-(2-乙酰氧基乙氧基)苯基]-6-(4-氯苯基)-s-三嗪、2，4-双(2，4-二羟苯基)-6-(2，4-二甲基苯基)-s-三嗪、2，4-双(4-联苯基)-6-(2-羟基-4-辛氧基羰基乙叉氧苯基)-s-三嗪、2-苯基-4-[2-羟基-4-(3-仲丁氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)苯基]-6-[2-羟基-4-(3-仲戊氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)苯基]-s-三嗪、2，4-双(2，4-二甲基苯基)-6-[2-羟基-4-3-苄氧基-2-羟基丙氧基]苯基]-s-三嗪、2，4-双(2-羟基-4-正丁氧基-苯基)-6-(2，4-二正丁氧基苯基)-s-三嗪、2，4-双(2，4-二甲基苯基)-6-[2-羟基-4-(3-壬氧基＊-2-羟基丙氧基)-5-α-枯基苯基]-s-三嗪(＊代表辛氧基、壬氧基和癸氧基的混合物)、亚甲基双-{2，4-双(2，4-二甲基苯基)-6-[2-羟基-4-(3-丁氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)苯基]-s-三嗪}、亚甲基在3:5’、5:5’和3:3’部位按照5:4:1的比例桥连的二聚体的混合物，2，4，6-三(2-羟基4--异辛氧基羰基异丙叉氧基苯基)-s-三嗪、2，4-双(2，4-二甲基苯基)-6-(2-羟基-4-己氧基-5-α-枯基苯基)-s-三嗪、2-(2，4，6-三甲基苯基)-4，6-双[2-羟基-4-(3-丁氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)苯基]-s-三嗪、2，4，6-三[2-羟基-4-(3-仲丁氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)-苯基]-s-三嗪、4，6-双(2，4-二甲基苯基)-2-(2-羟基-4-(3-十二烷氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)-苯基)-s-三嗪和4，6-双(2，4-二甲基苯基)-2-(2-羟基-4-(3-十三烷氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)-苯基)-s-三嗪的混合物，
400，汽巴特殊化学品公司，4，6-双-(2，4-二甲基苯基)-2-(2-羟基-4-(3-(2-乙基己氧基)-2-羟基丙氧基)-苯基)-s-三嗪和4，6-二苯基-2-(4-己氧基-2-羟苯基)-s-三嗪。
为加速光聚合，可以加入胺，例如，三乙醇胺、N-甲基二乙醇胺、对二甲基氨基苯甲酸乙酯或米蚩酮。胺的作用可通过加入二苯酮类型的芳酮而得到增强。可作为除氧剂使用的胺的例子是取代的N，N-二烷基苯胺，如在EP-A-339 841中公开的。另一些加速剂，助引发剂和自动氧化剂是硫醇、硫醚、二硫化物和膦，如公开在，例如，EP-A-438 123和GB-A-2 180 358中。
光聚合反应也可通过加入光敏剂来加速，它能移动或拓宽光谱敏感性。这些添加剂，特别是，芳族羰基化合物，例如，二苯酮衍生物、噻吨酮衍生物、蒽醌衍生物和3-酰基香豆素衍生物，另外还有3-(芳酰基亚甲基)噻唑啉，还有曙红、若单明和赤藓红染料。
固化程序可由，特别是，颜料的组合物(例如，加入了二氧化钛)的加入来促进，也可通过加入在热条件下形成自由基的组分，例如，偶氮化合物，例如，2，2’-偶氮双(4-甲氧基-2，4-二甲基戊腈)、三氮烯、苯并噻二唑、五氮杂二烯、或过氧化合物，例如，氢过氧化物或过氧碳酸盐，例如，氢过氧化叔丁基，正如美国专利4,753,817中描述的。
本发明组合物还可包括光还原染料，例如，呫吨、苯并呫吨、苯并噻吨、噻嗪、派洛宁、卟啉或吖啶染料，和/或能被射线分解的三卤代甲基化合物。类似的组合物描述在，例如，美国专利5,229,253中。
其它传统添加剂-随预定用途而定-是荧光增白剂、填料、颜料、染料、润湿剂或匀染剂。厚和加颜料的涂料还可包含玻璃微珠或粉末状玻璃纤维，如同，例如，在美国专利5,013,768中描述的。
烯属不饱和可聚合化合物可包含1或1个以上烯属双键。它们可以是低分子(单体)或高分子(低聚)化合物。
包含1个双键的单体的典型例子是烷基或羟烷基的丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯，例如，甲基、乙基、丁基、2-乙基己基和2-羟乙基的丙烯酸酯、异冰片基的丙烯酸酯和甲基及乙基的甲基丙烯酸酯。这些单体的另一些例子是丙烯腈、丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺、N-取代的(甲基)丙烯酰胺、乙烯基酯，例如，醋酸乙烯，乙烯基醚如异丁基乙烯基醚，苯乙烯、烷基苯乙烯、卤代苯乙烯、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮、氯乙烯和偏二氯乙烯。
含有1个以上双键的单体的例子是乙二醇的二丙烯酸酯、丙二醇的二丙烯酸酯、新戊二醇的二丙烯酸酯、1，6-己二醇的二丙烯酸酯、双酚A的二丙烯酸酯、4，4’-双(2-丙烯酰氧基乙氧基)二苯基丙烷、三羟甲基丙烷的三丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇的三丙烯酸酯和四丙烯酸酯，季戊四醇的二乙烯基醚、丙烯酸乙烯酯、二乙烯基苯、琥珀酸二乙烯酯、邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯、磷酸三烯丙酯、异氰尿酸三烯丙酯或三(2-丙烯酰乙基)异氰尿酸酯。高分子量(低聚)多不饱和化合物的例子是丙烯酸改性的环氧树脂、丙烯酸改性的聚醚、丙烯酸改性的聚氨酯和丙烯酸改性的聚酯。不饱和低聚物的另一些例子是不饱和聚酯树脂，通常由马来酸、邻苯二甲酸和1或多种二醇制备并且分子量大于约500。此类型不饱和低聚物也称作预聚物。
不饱和化合物的典型例子是烯属不饱和羧酸与多元醇或多环氧化物的酯，以及在聚合链或侧链中包含烯属不饱和基团的聚合物，包括不饱和聚酯、聚酰胺和聚氨酯及其共聚物，聚丁二烯和丁二烯共聚物，聚异戊二烯和异戊二烯共聚物，在侧链中包含(甲基)丙烯酸基团的聚合物和共聚物，以及1或多种此类聚合物的混合物。
不饱和羧酸的说明例子是丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、巴豆酸、衣康酸、肉桂酸、不饱和脂肪酸如亚麻酸或油酸。
合适的多元醇是芳族、脂族和环脂族多元醇。典型的芳族多元醇是氢醌、4，4’-二羟基联苯、2，2-双(4-羟苯基)丙烷，以及线型酚醛清漆和甲酚。多环氧化物包括基于所列出的多元醇的那些，例如，基于芳族多元醇和表氯醇的。另一些合适的多元醇是在聚合物链或侧链中包含羟基基团的聚合物和共聚物，例如，聚乙烯醇及其共聚物或者聚甲基丙烯酸羟烷基酯或其共聚物。其它合适的多元醇是带有羟端基的低聚物。
脂族和环脂族多元醇的说明例子还有，例如，2～12个碳原子的亚烷基二醇，包括乙二醇、1，2-或1，3-丙二醇、1，2-、1，3-或1，4-丁二醇、戊二醇、己二醇、辛二醇、十二烷二醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、分子量介于，例如，200～1500的聚乙二醇、1，3-环戊二醇、1，2-、1，3-或1，4-环己二醇、1，4-二羟甲基环己烷、甘油、三(-羟乙基)胺、是三羟基甲乙烷、三羟乙基丙烷、季戊四醇、二季戊四醇和山梨醇。
多元醇可部分或完全地用1种或不同的不饱和羧酸酯化，在此种工况中，部分酯的游离羟基基团可改性，例如，醚化，或者用其它羧酸酯化。
酯的说明例子是：三羟甲基丙烷的三丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基乙烷的三丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷的三甲基丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基乙烷的三甲基丙烯酸酯、1，4-丁二醇的二甲基丙烯酸酯、三甘醇的二甲基丙烯酸酯、四甘醇的二丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇的二丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇的三丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇的四丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇的二丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇的三丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇的四丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇的五丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇的六丙烯酸酯、三季戊四醇的八丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇的二甲基丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇的三甲基丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇的二甲基丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇的四甲基丙烯酸酯、三季戊四醇的八甲基丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇的二衣康酸酯、二季戊四醇的三衣康酸酯、二季戊四醇的五衣康酸酯、二季戊四醇的六衣康酸酯、乙二醇的二丙烯酸酯、1，3-丁二醇的二丙烯酸酯、1，3-丁二醇的二甲基丙烯酸酯、1，4-丁二醇的二衣康酸酯、山梨醇的三丙烯酸酯、山梨醇的四丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇-改性的三丙烯酸酯、山梨醇四甲基丙烯酸酯、山梨醇五丙烯酸酯、山梨醇六丙烯酸酯、低聚酯丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯、甘油的二-和三-丙烯酸酯、1，4-环己烷二醇二丙烯酸酯、分子量介于200～1500的聚乙二醇的二丙烯酸酯和二甲基丙烯酸酯或其混合物。多官能单体和低聚物可从，例如，UCB化学公司，Smyrna，Georgia和Sartomer，Exton，宾夕法尼亚，购得。
合适的烯属不饱和可聚合化合物还有相同或不同的不饱和羧酸与含有，例如，2～6，例如2～4个氨基基团的芳族、环脂族和脂族多胺的酰胺。此类多胺的范例是乙二胺、1，2-或1，3-丙二胺、1，2-、1，3-或1，4-丁二胺、1，5-戊二胺、1，6-己二胺、辛二胺、十二烷二胺、1，4-二氨基环己烷、异佛尔酮二胺、苯二胺、联苯二胺、双(β-氨乙基)醚、二亚乙基三胺、三亚乙基四胺、双(β-氨乙氧基)乙烷或双(β-氨丙氧基)乙烷。其它合适的多胺是可在侧链中含有附加氨基基团的聚合物和共聚物以及含氨端基的低聚酰胺。
此类不饱和酰胺的范例是：亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、二丙烯酰1，6-己二胺、三甲基丙烯酰二亚乙基三胺、双(甲基丙烯酰氨基丙氧基)乙烷、β-甲基丙烯酰氨乙基的甲基丙烯酸酯、N-[(β-羟基乙氧基)乙基]丙烯酰胺。
合适的不饱和聚酯和聚酰胺一般由马来酸和二醇或二胺衍生。马来酸可部分地换成其它二羧酸如富马酸、衣康酸、柠康酸、中康酸或氯代马来酸。为控制聚酯的反应性和影响交联密度并因此影响产物性质，可以，除了不饱和二羧酸之外，还使用不同数量饱和二羧酸如邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、四氢邻苯二甲酸、琥珀酸或己二酸。不饱和聚酯可与烯属不饱和共聚单体如苯乙烯一起使用。聚酯和聚酰胺也可由二羧酸和烯属不饱和二醇或二胺衍生，尤其由具有通常含6～20个碳原子的长链的那些。聚氨酯一般是由饱和/或不饱和二异氰酸酯和不饱和及饱和二醇衍生的那些。
合适的聚酯丙烯酸酯或丙烯酸改性的聚酯是通过低聚物，一般为环氧化物、氨酯、聚醚或聚酯，与丙烯酸酯如丙烯酸羟乙酯或丙烯酸羟丙酯起反应获得的。
聚丁二烯和聚异戊二烯及其共聚物是公知的。合适的共聚单体包括烯烃如乙烯、丙烯、丁烯、己烯、(甲基)丙烯酸酯、丙烯腈、苯乙烯或氯乙烯。在侧链中含有(甲基)丙烯酸酯基团的聚合物也是公知的。它们一般可能是基于线型酚醛清漆的环氧树脂与(甲基)丙烯酸的反应产物、聚乙烯醇的均-或共聚物或其以(甲基)丙烯酸酯化的羟烷基衍生物，或者以羟烷基的(甲基)丙烯酸酯酯化的(甲基)丙烯酸酯的均-和共聚物。
单体是，例如，烷基-或羟烷基的丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯，苯乙烯、乙二醇的二丙烯酸酯、丙二醇的二丙烯酸酯、新戊二醇的二丙烯酸酯、1，6-己二醇的二丙烯酸酯或双酚A的二丙烯酸酯、4，4’-双(2-丙烯酰氧基乙氧基)二苯基丙烷、三羟甲基丙烷的三丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇的三丙烯酸酯或四丙烯酸酯，例如，丙烯酸酯、苯乙烯、1，6-己二醇或双酚A的二丙烯酸酯、4，4’-双(2-丙烯酰氧基乙氧基)二苯基丙烷或三羟甲基丙烷的三丙烯酸酯。
低聚多不饱和化合物是，例如，聚酯丙烯酸酯或由马来酸、富马酸、邻苯二甲酸与1或1种以上二醇制备并且典型分子量介于约500～3000的不饱和聚酯树脂。
不饱和羧酸是，例如，丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸。
可光聚合化合物可单独使用或者以任意要求的混合物形式使用。适宜使用多元醇的(甲基)丙烯酸酯的混合物。
基料可加入到不饱和可光聚合化合物中。基料的加入在可光聚合化合物是液体或粘稠物质的情况下特别有用。基料的加入量可介于5～95，例如，10～90，例如，40～90wt％，以整个组合物为基准计。基料的选择将取决于应用领域和因此所要求的性能，例如，组合物在水性或有机溶剂型体系中显影的能力，对基材的粘附力以及对氧的敏感性。
合适的基料一般是分子量介于约5,000～2,000,000，例如，10,000～1,000,000的聚合物。示范例子是：丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯的均-和共聚物，包括甲基丙烯酸甲酯/丙烯酸乙酯/甲基丙烯酸的共聚物、聚(甲基丙烯酸烷基酯)、聚(丙烯酸烷基酯)；纤维素酯和醚如纤维素乙酸酯、乙酸丁酸纤维素、甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素；聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、聚乙烯醇缩甲醛、环化橡胶、聚醚如聚环氧乙烷、聚环氧丙烷、聚四氢呋喃；聚苯乙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚氨酯、氯化聚烯烃、聚氯乙烯，氯乙烯/偏二氯乙烯的共聚物、偏二氯乙烯与丙烯腈的共聚物、甲基丙烯酸甲酯和醋酸乙烯的共聚物，聚醋酸乙烯、共聚(乙烯/醋酸乙烯)、聚合物如聚己内酰胺和聚己二酰己二胺、聚酯如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和聚琥珀酸1，6-己二醇酯。
不饱和化合物也可以与非可光聚合成膜组分的混合物形式使用。这些组分可以是物理干燥聚合物或其在有机溶剂中的溶液，例如，硝基纤维素或乙酸丁酸纤维素。可光聚合不饱和单体可以是自由基-离子固化共混物，例如，自由基-阳离子固化共混物，的一个组分。同样也重要的是，既经历热固化也经历光-诱导固化周期的体系，例如，像在粉末涂料、层合物、某些胶粘剂和共形涂层中。
合适的是另外还含有其它不饱和单体的预聚物与多不饱和单体的混合物。在此种工况中的预聚物基本上决定了膜的性质并且，通过改变它，本领域技术人员能影响固化膜的性质。多不饱和单体起赋予膜不溶性的活性稀释剂的作用。另外，固化的组合物的性质，例如，固化速率、交联密度和表面性质则取决于单体的选择。
不饱和聚酯树脂一般应用于双罐装体系中，与单-不饱和单体，例如，苯乙烯，一起配合使用。
二元富电子/缺电子单体体系常常被用于厚含颜料涂料中。例如，乙烯基醚/不饱和聚酯体系应用于粉末涂料中，而苯乙烯/不饱和聚酯体系则应用于凝胶涂层中。
合适的方法是，那些烯属不饱和可聚合化合物是一种由至少一种低聚化合物与至少一种单体构成的混合物的方法。
一种感兴趣的方法是，其中烯属不饱和可聚合化合物是一种混合物，由下列组分组成：1)不饱和聚酯，尤其是由马来酸、富马酸和/或邻苯二甲酸与1或1种以上二醇制备并且分子量介于500～3,000的那些，和2)丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸酯或苯乙烯或其组合。
一种重要的方法也是，其中烯属不饱和可聚合化合物是1)不饱和聚酯与2)丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯或其组合的混合物。
另一种感兴趣的方法是，其中烯属不饱和可聚合化合物是1)不饱和聚酯丙烯酸酯和2)丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯或其组合物的混合物。
该物质的涂布可通过在基材上施涂一种液体组合物、溶液或悬浮体来实施。溶剂和浓度的选择主要根据组合物的类型和涂布技术来确定。溶剂应为惰性，即，不应与组分发生化学反应并且应能在涂布后，在干燥过程中再次移出。合适的溶剂的例子是酮、醚和酯，例如，丁酮、异丁基甲基甲酮、环戊酮、环己酮、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、二噁烷、四氢呋喃、2-甲氧基乙醇、2-乙氧基乙醇、1-甲氧基-2-丙醇、1，2-二甲氧基乙烷、乙酸乙酯、乙酸正丁酯和3-乙氧基丙酸乙酯。该溶液可采用公知的涂布技术均一地施涂到基材上，例如，采用旋涂、浸涂、刮刀涂布、帘式淋涂、刷涂、喷涂，尤其是静电喷涂和逆向辊涂。也可将该光敏层施涂到一个暂时、挠性载体上，随后覆盖到最终基材，例如，镀铜电路板上，例如，借助层压转移该层。
具体实施方式
本发明将在下面的实施例中做进一步描述。除非另行指出，份数和百分率都指重量而言，以整个组合物重量为基准计。
实施例1-凝胶涂层：
一种凝胶涂层制剂由不饱和聚酯低聚物与为控制粘度加入的苯乙烯稀释剂组成。苯乙烯以35wt％，以整个配方的重量为基准计，的数量存在。其它组分是金红石二氧化钛、15wt％；以及作为光引发剂，双(2，4，6-三甲基苯甲酰)苯基膦，2wt％。该混合物被刮涂到玻璃基材上并固化为玻璃样固态。该LED源具有介于380～400nm之间的窄输出，250mW/cm2的CW功率。灯距为在样品上方约12mm。膜厚度为约20密耳。
实施例2-复合材料
制备一种玻璃-充填的复合材料制剂，2层＝55密耳[14mm]厚，8层＝274密耳[7mm]厚，吸饱了不饱和聚酯(UPES)树脂，树脂含有双(2，4，6-三甲基苯甲酰)苯基膦作为光引发剂，用量1wt％，以整个配方重量为基准计。
达到了优异表面固化和内部固化，其中LED光源调节到390nm中点、以240mW/cm2照射。
实施例3-厚涂层
以二官能环氧丙烯酸酯制备厚丙烯酸酯涂层制剂(10密耳[0.25mm])，并以双(2，4，6-三甲基苯甲酰)苯基膦作为光引发剂，用量2wt％，以整个配方的重量为基准计。
每种配方都达到了优异表面固化和内部固化，其中LED光源调节到390nm中点，以240mW/cm2照射。
将实施例1～3中的光引发剂换成双(2，4，6-三甲基苯甲酰)苯基氧化膦和2，4，6-三甲基苯甲酰乙氧基苯基氧化膦(CAS# 84434-11-7)按照1:9重量比的混合物；或者双(2，4，6-三甲基苯甲酰)苯基氧化膦、2，4，6-三甲基苯甲酰乙氧基苯基氧化膦和2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基-1-丙酮按照约3.5:1.0:15.5重量比的混合物；或者双(2，4，6-三甲基苯甲酰)苯基氧化膦和2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基-1-丙酮按照约1:4的重量比的混合物，结果极佳。
Claims (4)
1.一种固化烯属不饱和可聚合化合物的方法，适合制备涂层、凝胶涂层、多层复合材料层或胶粘剂层，所述涂层的厚度为大于0.25mm到0.76mm，所述凝胶涂层的厚度为大于0.25mm到0.76mm，所述胶粘剂层的厚度为大于0.25mm到0.76mm，所述多层复合材料层的厚度是大于0.64mm到7.6mm，该方法包括
向所述化合物中加入至少一种酰基氧化膦光引发剂，以及
用来自发光二极管源的射线辐照如此获得的混合物，其中该酰基氧化膦光引发剂选自：
(i)双(2，4，6-三甲基苯甲酰)苯基氧化膦和2，4，6-三甲基苯甲酰乙氧基苯基氧化膦按1:11～1:7的重量比的混合物，和
(ii)双(2，4，6-三甲基苯甲酰)苯基氧化膦、2，4，6-三甲基苯甲酰乙氧基苯基氧化膦和2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基-1-丙酮按3:1:15或3.5:1.0:15.5或3:1:16或4:1:15或4:1:16的重量比的混合物。
2.权利要求1的方法，用于生产丙烯酸酯基涂层、白色凝胶涂层和胶粘剂层，其厚度是大于0.25mm到0.75mm的厚度。
3.权利要求1的方法，用于生产复合材料，其厚度是大于0.64mm到7.6mm的厚度。
4.权利要求1的方法，其中发光二极管源的输出的中心位于390nm±30nm。
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| US56251304P | 2004-04-15 | 2004-04-15 | |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| JP4971138B2 (ja) | 2012-07-11 |
| RU2396287C2 (ru) | 2010-08-10 |
| KR20070048652A (ko) | 2007-05-09 |
| RU2006140068A (ru) | 2008-05-27 |
| BRPI0509896A (pt) | 2007-10-30 |
| EP1765878A1 (en) | 2007-03-28 |
| ATE490985T1 (de) | 2010-12-15 |
| CN1942486A (zh) | 2007-04-04 |
| TW200539486A (en) | 2005-12-01 |
| TWI372153B (en) | 2012-09-11 |
| WO2005100408A1 (en) | 2005-10-27 |
| EP1765878B1 (en) | 2010-12-08 |
| US20050234145A1 (en) | 2005-10-20 |
| KR101195402B1 (ko) | 2012-10-29 |
| ES2356643T3 (es) | 2011-04-11 |
| DE602005025217D1 (de) | 2011-01-20 |
| BRPI0509896B1 (pt) | 2016-07-12 |
| JP2007532739A (ja) | 2007-11-15 |
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