CN100497781C - 纤维复合体及其用途 - Google Patents

纤维复合体及其用途 Download PDF

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CN100497781C
CN100497781C CNB028059158A CN02805915A CN100497781C CN 100497781 C CN100497781 C CN 100497781C CN B028059158 A CNB028059158 A CN B028059158A CN 02805915 A CN02805915 A CN 02805915A CN 100497781 C CN100497781 C CN 100497781C
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中西启二
野口章一郎
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Abstract

本发明提供一种混用由导电性热塑性成分和纤维形成性成分构成的导电性复合纤维的纤维复合体,其特征在于:导电性复合纤维由包含碳黑的热塑性聚合物构成,比电阻在106Ω·cm以下,导电性热塑性成分包覆50%以上的纤维表面,并且具有向纤维长度方向连续的结构;可用上述纤维复合体制作工作服、过滤器及鞋中垫层。采用本发明,即使采用表面电阻测定法,也能得到良好的导电性能,并能提供抗静电性和耐用性都优良的纤维制品。

Description

纤维复合体及其用途
技术领域
本发明主要涉及以抑制静电带电的目的而使用的纤维制品。
背景技术
由合成纤维构成的布帛如与天然纤维构成的布帛相比较,一般,由于在强度、耐久性方面优良,因此广泛应用于各个领域。但是,合成纤维构成的布帛具有容易带电的缺陷。近年来,随着医疗品、药品、食品、电子器件及精密仪器制造等行业中产品高性能化的进展,已经明确了空气中的尘埃对产品性能有较大影响,因衣服所带静电吸附尘埃,而直接带着尘埃进入制造环境会降低生产效率。不只是如此,在易引起火灾及爆炸的环境中,因静电容易产生火花,也有爆发危险的可能性,这样,用实施静电对策的布帛制成的纤维制品就成为各种制造场所必需的用品。
具体是,由实施静电对策的布帛制成的防尘衣及鞋内层材料,例如,被用于净室内的工作服及工作鞋。通过抑制在衣服及人体中蓄积的静电,防止放电破坏微小电路,抑制衣服及人体上的静电吸附尘埃,不把尘埃带入净室内,以提高产品的成品率。此外,实施静电对策的布帛作为过滤器的材料,也具有高的利用价值。这样,在过滤具有引火性的液体或气体时,可以抑制与过滤器摩擦产生的静电,从而避免引火爆炸。
以往,作为布帛的静电对策,提出了各种方法。例如,一般有加工后涂敷表面活性剂的方法及用混入亲水性聚合物的抗静电纤维构成布帛的方法等。但是,上述布帛的洗涤耐久性都低,低湿度下的抗静电性能不足。因此,通常使用按一定比例混入导电性纤维的布帛。
作为导电性纤维,从工序通过性及耐洗涤性两方面考虑,一般采用以由导电性粒子和热塑性成分构成的导电性成分为芯成分(岛成分),以纤维形成性成分为外鞘成分(海成分)的导电性复合纤维。
近年来,以欧美为中心,作为不破坏纤维制品而评价其抗静电性能的手段,正在普及在纤维制品表面上的两个地方放上电极,然后测定电极间电阻值的方法(以下称为表面电阻测定法)。如采用该方法,尽管作为实际制品的抗静电性能充分,但在混用于纤维制品中的导电性纤维表面上的导电性成分的露出面积不足时,由于导电性成分与电极不接触,降低布料表面的导电性能,存在抗静电性不良的问题。
在日本专利特开平11-350296号公报中,为提高导电性能,提出了采用在成为芯的合成纤维丝条上包覆导电性复合纤维的导电丝条,从而提高导电丝条之间的接触性的织物。但是,如果导电性成分在纤维表面上的露出面积小,不引起导电性成分之间或与电极间的接触,除非使用具有浸透性的导电性粘合剂,减轻接触电阻,否则很难得到表面电阻测定法的良好导电性能。
要消除上述缺陷,容易认为只要把表面层作为导电性成分就行,提出了多种此方面的提案。例如,提出了用分散有氧化钛、碘化亚铜等金属成分或导电性碳粒子的导电性成分包覆表面或镀敷的方法。但是,采用上述方法得到的导电性纤维,无耐洗涤性,在初期评价时导电性能好,但如果进行反复洗涤,引起导电性成分剥离、脱落,这不仅降低导电性能,还助长自己产生灰尘,很难用于使用时需要多次洗涤的用途,例如在净室使用的防尘衣等用途。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种即使在采用表面电阻测定法也能得到良好导电性能的,并且抗静电性能和耐久性能都优良的纤维制品。
本发明是一种纤维复合体,混用由导电性热塑性成分和非导电性热塑性成分构成的导电性复合纤维,其特征在于:所述导电性复合纤维是通过在热塑性聚合物中混合15~40重量%的碳黑而构成,比电阻在106Ω·cm以下,导电性热塑性成分包覆50%以上的纤维表面,并且具有向纤维长度方向连续的结构,所述热塑性聚合物是共聚有间苯二甲酸的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯或聚酰胺类。
此外,作为本发明的优选实施方式,纤维复合体中含有0.1~15重量%的导电性复合纤维。另外,作为本发明的纤维复合体的具体用途有防尘衣、鞋内层材料、过滤器。
附图说明
图1是一例用于本发明纤维复合体中的导电性复合纤维的横剖面图。
图2是一例用于本发明纤维复合体中的导电性复合纤维的横剖面图。
图3是一例用于本发明纤维复合体中的导电性复合纤维的横剖面图。
图4是一例用于本发明范围外的纤维复合体中的导电性复合纤维的横剖面图。
图5是一例用于本发明范围外的纤维复合体中的导电性复合纤维的横剖面图。
图中:1:导电性成分,2:非导电性成分。
具体实施方式
下面说明本发明的导电性复合纤维。
作为在本发明使用的导电性复合纤维的导电性成分、非导电性成分中所使用的热塑性聚合物,可以使用聚酯类、聚酰胺类、聚烯类及其共聚物等所谓公知的具有纤维形成能的热塑性聚合物,可适当选择。从减少在染色和其他后续工序中的需要格外注意的必要方面考虑,最好与占布帛大部分的基础丝即与导电性复合纤维混用的纤维原料种类相同。
此外,用于导电性成分和非导电性成分的热塑性聚合物,从两成分的粘接性方面考虑,最好是同种类的热塑性聚合物。即使在双方的热塑性聚合物不同时,也能够通过在双方或其中的一方的成分中混入互溶剂,改善接合性。例如,在采用聚酰胺和聚烯时,可通过向聚烯一侧作为互溶剂少量混入马来酸变性聚烯,改善接合性。
可通过在热塑性聚合物中用常规方法均匀混合导电性碳黑,构成上述导电性成分。导电性碳黑的混合比率因使用的聚合物及碳黑的种类而有所不同,但通常在10~50重量%,而最好是在15~40重量%。
关于用于本发明的导电性复合纤维的导电性能,比电阻必须在106Ω·cm以下。比电阻不在此范围时,未发现导电性纤维的自放电能,对纤维复合体的抗静电对策不产生作用。所以,一般在104Ω·cm左右以下,而最好是在102Ω·cm左右以下。
还可根据需要,在导电性成分、非导电性成分中进而添加分散剂(石蜡类、聚环氧烷类、各种表面活性剂、有机电解质等)、着色剂、热稳定剂(抗氧化剂、紫外线吸收剂等)、流动性改善剂、荧光增白剂及其他添加剂。
用于本发明的导电性复合纤维的复合方式不是特限定的内容,但是,导电性成分必须包覆50%以上的纤维表面。作为一例剖面形状,如图1~3所示,图中示出在纤维表面配置了大致4~8个导电性成分。通过利用这样结构的导电性复合纤维,提高了导电性纤维间的导电性成分相互间的接触性及导电性成分与测定仪电极的接触性,能够得到表面电阻测定法的良好导电性能。如从本发明的目的来讲,导电性成分在纤维表面的露出率越高越好,但是,由于导电性成分中含有导电性碳黑,显著降低熔融流动性,所以要全部包覆在技术上难度大,此外,从表面电阻测定法中使用的测定仪的电极尺寸和复合纤维的纤维直径上判断,有充分的接触性,所以,如果包覆50%以上的纤维表面,可以说能够达到目的。
关于导电性成分和非导电性成分的复合比率,按体积比率,最好为导电性成分∶非导电性成分=1∶20~2∶1。从确保纤维的物性方面考虑,非导电性成分的比率越大越好,但如果导电性成分的比率减小,由于很难得到稳定的复合形式,同时导电性的稳定性不足,所以考虑到这些问题,优选导电性成分∶非导电性成分=1∶20~2∶1,更优选为1∶15~1∶1。
用于本发明的导电性复合纤维主要是用熔融复合纺丝法制造的。如采用通过涂敷等工艺在后续加工中形成类似复合形式的复合纤维,耐久性不足,在反复洗涤制品时,导电性成分产生剥离、脱落。通过采用熔融复合纺丝法制造,例如,即使在需要多次洗涤的如在净室等中使用的防尘衣的用途中,也能够显示出足够的耐久性。
本发明的纤维复合体,在上述导电性复合纤维中混用其他纤维(以下称非导电性纤维)。导电性复合纤维中混用的其他纤维可利用所有的纤维。例如,尼龙、聚酯、丙烯等合成纤维或棉花、丝绸、羊毛等天然纤维。另外,也可以采用多种纤维混合的混合纤维。
其中,如考虑到纤维复合体的用途,最好使用合成纤维。这是因为合成纤维与天然纤维相比强度及耐久性好。
导电性复合纤维和非导电性纤维的混合方法不特别限定。例如,可以以单体向纺织物及编织物中按一定间隔加入导电性复合纤维,也可以根据其细度与非导电性纤维形成合丝或股线,加入到布帛中。此外,也可以切成规定长度与其他短纤维混纺,也可以作为缝线混用于现有布帛中。
作为本发明纤维复合体中的导电性复合纤维的使用量,最好在0.1~15重量%。导电性复合纤维的比例如在0.1重量%以下,由于电晕放电产生的带电防止效果不明显,不能够防止衣服及人体因静电吸附尘埃。此外,如果上述比例超过15重量%,纤维复合体的带电防止效果大致饱和,15重量%以上的用量不仅对成本不利,还会招致不希望发生的工序通过性的降低。
本发明的防尘衣由上述纤维复合体的纺织物、编织物等构成。成为基础的丝条,从抑制原材料本身产生灰尘量角度考虑,最好使用长丝。在使用短纤维丝时,最好抑制在层压加工等中的自己产生灰尘。
布帛的组织不是特别限定的内容,但从阻止通尘性方面考虑,最好是高密度。然而,由于密度过高会劣化穿着感,可以根据使用目的设定组织和密度。此外,在必要时,可通过压延加工等压紧布帛提高致密性,也可以合并使用以改善穿着感为目的具有吸水即干性及抗菌性的纤维、促进纤维及布帛的带电压更迅速减衰的抗静电纤维等各种功能性纤维。
通过使用本发明的防尘衣,在任何环境下都能抑制在衣服中蓄积静电,防止放电破坏微小电路,抑制因静电吸附尘埃,不使尘埃带进净室,由此能够期待提高产品的成品率。此外,由于能够通过测定产品的表面电阻预测其抗静电性能,可简化质量管理。
本发明的鞋内层材料由上述纤维复合体的布帛、无纺布等构成。作为非导电性纤维,主要采用耐磨损性优良的聚酰胺,但这不是特别限定内容。也可以采用热粘接性纤维及在外鞘部配置低熔点聚合物的复合纤维,实施点压接加工,保持立体结构,缓和冲击。
在作为无纺布采用本发明的导电性复合纤维时,单丝的细度最好在8分特(十分之一特)以下。因为如果单丝的细度变小,即使按同一重量混合率混用的根数多,导电性复合纤维之间接触的概率增加,布帛表面(水平方向)及垂直方向的导电性能提高。
通过使用本发明的鞋内层材料,当然能够防止内层材料自身带电,如果在鞋底部使用具有导电性的树脂,内层材料和鞋底连通,就可使人体中蓄积的静电向地面泄漏。其结果是,与防尘衣一样,能够期待提高净室内的工作效率。
本发明的过滤器由上述纤维复合体的布帛、无纺布等构成。与鞋内层材料一样,也可采用热粘接性纤维及在外鞘部配置低熔点聚合物的复合纤维,实施点压接加工,保持立体结构,谋求提高稳定性。此外,在作为无纺布使用时,单丝细度最好比较小,此点与鞋内层材料相同。
通过使用本发明的过滤器,在高速过滤具有引火性的液体或气体时,可以抑制与过滤器摩擦而产生的静电,从而避免引火爆炸。此外,由于能够较高地设定过滤速度,可以有希望提高生产率。
实施例
下面,根据实施例具体说明本发明。此外,在下面的实施例中的各项物性的测定及评价,根据如下的方法实施。
关于导电性复合纤维的导电性能,切断成长10cm,作为试样,两端用导电性粘合剂与金属端子粘接,外加1000V的直流电压,测定电阻值,按以此值为基准的比电阻进行评价。
关于布帛的表面电阻,采用ACL Staticide公司制兆欧计模型800,测定平行电极宽7.5cm、电极间距7.5cm内的导电性。此外,测定中采用在20℃×30%RH的环境下预先调湿的试样。
关于布帛的抗静电性能,基于JIS L 1094摩擦带电减衰测定法,采用在20℃×30%RH的环境下预先调湿的试样,测定了初期带电压。
关于耐久性,评价了洗涤耐久性。按照JIS L 0217 E 103法,实施100次的洗涤,用上述方法测定洗涤前后的导电性复合纤维的导电性能及布帛的表面电阻。
关于纤维表面的导电性成分的包覆比率,用奥林巴斯公司制光学显微镜,按任意间隔,拍摄丝的20处剖面照片,用keyence公司制图像分析仪进行测定,按其平均值评价。
实施例1~3、比较例1~2
在12mol%共聚合间苯二甲酸的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯中,混合分散25重量%的导电性碳黑,形成导电性聚合物,以该导电性聚合物作为导电性成分,以均聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯作为非导电性成分,按数种条件的复合比率、复合结构进行复合,在285℃一边纺丝、冷却、润滑,一边以1000m/min的速度卷取,然后在100℃的拉伸辊上拉伸,在140℃的热板上热处理并卷取,制成导电性复合纤维Y1~Y4。Y1~Y4的导电性能及纤维表面上的导电性成分的包覆比率示于表1。
表1
 
Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4
复合结构 图1 图1 图2 图4
复合比率 1∶6 1∶8 1∶8 1∶8
Dtex/f 84/12 22/6 22/6 22/6
导电性能Ω·cm 4.7×10<sup>1</sup> 5.5×10<sup>1</sup> 6.8×10<sup>1</sup> 1.3×10<sup>2</sup>
包覆比率 100% 100% 67% 0%
形成底部的经丝、纬丝使用聚脂长纤维丝84分特/72长丝,作为导电性丝条按经、纬各自5mm间隔使用Y1,形成如此的平织物,用通常的加工方法加工该织物,使之成为布帛1。
除使用按捻数250T/m使Y2~Y4分别与聚脂长纤维丝56分特/24长丝合捻的导电性合捻线作为导电性丝条来代替Y1外,形成构成与布帛1同样的布帛2~4。
此外,作为比较例,采用沿市售的尼龙单长丝22分特的周围包覆碳黑混入树脂的导电性纤维Y5,形成构成与布帛2~4同样的布帛5。此外,Y5的原丝导电性能良好,为2.2×10°Ω·cm。布帛1~5中的导电性纤维的混用率及各项物性值示于表2。
表2
Figure C02805915D00101
由表2可以看出,虽可确认表面完全不露出导电性成分的Y4具有对洗涤的耐久性,但在表面电阻测定中未发现效果。此外,关于Y5,在初期,虽具有与本发明同等以上的性能,但在洗涤100次后,导电性成分产生剥离、脱落,其导电性能及抗静电性能大约都消失掉。与此相反,本发明的表面电阻及其耐久性的结果都良好。
采用上述布帛,制作了防尘衣,在进行实用评价时得到与布帛评价时相同的结果。
实施例4~5、比较例3
以在6尼龙丝中混合分散35重量%的碳黑的导电性聚合物作为导电性成分,以6尼龙丝作为非导电性成分,按数种条件的复合比率、复合结构进行复合,在275℃一边纺丝、冷却、润滑,一边以800m/min的速度卷取,然后在80℃的拉伸辊上拉伸,在140℃的热板上热处理,随后卷取,制成330分特/100长丝的导电性复合纤维Y6~Y8。Y6~Y8的导电性能及纤维表面上的导电性成分的包覆比率示于表3。
表3
 
Y6 Y7 Y8
复合结构 图1 图3 图3
复合比率 1∶8 1∶15 1∶22
导电性能Ω·cm 6.1×10<sup>1</sup> 8.8×10<sup>1</sup> 2.3×10<sup>2</sup>
包覆比率 100% 55% 47%
分别收集Y6~Y8,形成30万分特后,实施蜷曲加工,切成长51mm,得到单丝3.3分特的坯料纤维。
按5重量%的混合率,将上述坯料纤维与3.3分特、51mm长的6尼龙丝坯料纤维混合,利用针冲孔法,制作目付约180g/m2的无纺布,然后,实施压纹加工,得到布帛6~8。布帛6~8的各项物性值列于表4。
表4
由表4可以看出,比较例3虽在抗静电性及其耐用性方面得到很好的效果,但在表面电阻测定中,测定值偏差较大,未发现稳定的效果。推断这是因导电性成分的复合比率小,纤维表面上所占的导电性成分露出不足之故。
此外,在穿着用本发明的无纺布作为鞋内层材料并在鞋底部也实施导电处理的工作鞋时,人体内蓄积的静电通过鞋泄漏,得到减轻人体带电的效果。
实施例6~8、比较例4~5
除变更了上述的Y6的混合率外,用与实施例4相同的方法制作了布帛9~13。形成的无纺布的物性值列于表5。
表5
由表5可以看出,在实施例6~8中,随着导电性复合纤维的混用率的提高,表面电阻及抗静电性呈良化的趋势,每项结果都满足要求。然而,在比较例4中,混用率不足,在表面电阻及抗静电性方面都未见有效果。此外,在比较例5中,表面电阻及抗静电性达到饱和状态,认为是过剩存在导电性复合纤维之故。作为无纺布的工序通过性及各物性没有特别的问题,但在成本方面不太好。
实施例9
对利用以往众所周知的熔流方式得到的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯长纤维无纺布实施压纹加工,制作目付约75g/m2的无纺布。在该无纺布上,采用以Z捻数480T/m捻合的缝线,按无纺布的宽度方向,间隔5mm地缝进以S捻数600T/m捻合2根上述导电性复合纤维Y2和合计3根聚酯长纤维丝44分特/18长丝而成的线,将所得的无纺布作为布帛14。该布帛的表面电阻值为4.7×107Ω,抗静电性为2110V,测定结果良好。
此外,该布帛即使洗涤100次,性能也不降低,在作为过滤器使用时可充分发挥了其抗静电性。
如采用本发明,可得到导电性能及其耐用性能都优良的纤维制品。

Claims (6)

1.一种纤维复合体,混用由导电性热塑性成分和非导电性热塑性成分构成的导电性复合纤维,其特征在于:所述导电性复合纤维是通过在热塑性聚合物中混合15~40重量%的碳黑而构成,比电阻在106Ω·cm以下,导电性热塑性成分包覆50%以上的纤维表面,并且具有向纤维长度方向连续的结构,所述热塑性聚合物是共聚有间苯二甲酸的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯或聚酰胺类。
2.如权利要求1所述的纤维复合体,其特征在于:含有0.1~15重量%的导电性复合纤维。
3.根据权利要求1所述的纤维复合体,其特征在于:所述比电阻在102Ω·cm以下。
4.一种防尘衣,其特征在于:由权利要求1~3中任一项所述的纤维复合体构成。
5.一种鞋内层材料,其特征在于:由权利要求1~3中任一项所述的纤维复合体构成。
6.一种过滤器,其特征在于:由权利要求1~3中任一项所述的纤维复合体构成。
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WO2002075030A1 (fr) 2002-09-26
KR20030081432A (ko) 2003-10-17
JP3917524B2 (ja) 2007-05-23
KR100543477B1 (ko) 2006-01-20
CN1531608A (zh) 2004-09-22
US20040087231A1 (en) 2004-05-06
JPWO2002075030A1 (ja) 2004-07-08

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