CH641213A5 - Electroplating bath for electroplating chromium or chromium alloys - Google Patents
Electroplating bath for electroplating chromium or chromium alloys Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CH641213A5 CH641213A5 CH518878A CH518878A CH641213A5 CH 641213 A5 CH641213 A5 CH 641213A5 CH 518878 A CH518878 A CH 518878A CH 518878 A CH518878 A CH 518878A CH 641213 A5 CH641213 A5 CH 641213A5
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- chromium
- solution
- bath
- glycine
- electroplating
- Prior art date
Links
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 56
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 title claims description 44
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 38
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 8
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 74
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 chlorine ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Thiocyanate anion Chemical compound [S-]C#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- VGTPCRGMBIAPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium thiocyanate Chemical compound [Na+].[S-]C#N VGTPCRGMBIAPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- GRWVQDDAKZFPFI-UHFFFAOYSA-H chromium(III) sulfate Chemical compound [Cr+3].[Cr+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O GRWVQDDAKZFPFI-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen thiocyanate Natural products SC#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium perchlorate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001488 sodium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- ZKJMJQVGBCLHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(3+);triperchlorate Chemical compound [Cr+3].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O ZKJMJQVGBCLHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 21
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 18
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910021555 Chromium Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- BFGKITSFLPAWGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(3+) Chemical compound [Cr+3] BFGKITSFLPAWGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(3+) trichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cr+3] QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001844 chromium Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910001430 chromium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- OUZQWLRSTYOGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M chromium(3+) thiocyanate Chemical compound [Cr+2]SC#N OUZQWLRSTYOGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- YRTKBCIAQCXVCM-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(3+);trithiocyanate Chemical compound [Cr+3].[S-]C#N.[S-]C#N.[S-]C#N YRTKBCIAQCXVCM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- JHWIEAWILPSRMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-3-pyrimidin-4-ylpropanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C)CC1=CC=NC=N1 JHWIEAWILPSRMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004475 Arginine Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001436 Cr3+ Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PMMYEEVYMWASQN-DMTCNVIQSA-N Hydroxyproline Chemical compound O[C@H]1CN[C@H](C(O)=O)C1 PMMYEEVYMWASQN-DMTCNVIQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-P L-argininium(2+) Chemical compound NC(=[NH2+])NCCC[C@H]([NH3+])C(O)=O ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-P 0.000 description 1
- CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N L-aspartic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-histidine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CN=CN1 HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N arginine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCCNC(N)=N ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000003704 aspartic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RAGLTCMTCZHYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K azanium;chromium(3+);disulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cr+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RAGLTCMTCZHYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- OQFSQFPPLPISGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-carboxyaspartic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)C(C(O)=O)C(O)=O OQFSQFPPLPISGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010338 boric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Substances O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910021563 chromium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UZEDIBTVIIJELN-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(2+) Chemical compound [Cr+2] UZEDIBTVIIJELN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+) Chemical compound [Cr+6] JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000356 chromium(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015217 chromium(III) sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011696 chromium(III) sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PMMYEEVYMWASQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dl-hydroxyproline Natural products OC1C[NH2+]C(C([O-])=O)C1 PMMYEEVYMWASQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=N1 AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000005802 health problem Effects 0.000 description 1
- HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N histidine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CN=CN1 HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ORTFAQDWJHRMNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxidooxidocarbon(.) Chemical compound O[C]=O ORTFAQDWJHRMNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002591 hydroxyproline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NBZBKCUXIYYUSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iminodiacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CNCC(O)=O NBZBKCUXIYYUSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007130 inorganic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphinate Chemical compound [O-][PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- RROSXLCQOOGZBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;isothiocyanate Chemical compound [Na+].[N-]=C=S RROSXLCQOOGZBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002277 temperature effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- FGMPLJWBKKVCDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-L-hydroxy-proline Natural products ON1CCCC1C(O)=O FGMPLJWBKKVCDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006276 transfer reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- FTBATIJJKIIOTP-UHFFFAOYSA-K trifluorochromium Chemical compound F[Cr](F)F FTBATIJJKIIOTP-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/04—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of chromium
- C25D3/06—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of chromium from solutions of trivalent chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Magnetic Record Carriers (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB24734/77A GB1596995A (en) | 1977-06-14 | 1977-06-14 | Electroplating chromium and its alloys |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CH641213A5 true CH641213A5 (en) | 1984-02-15 |
Family
ID=10216419
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH518878A CH641213A5 (en) | 1977-06-14 | 1978-05-12 | Electroplating bath for electroplating chromium or chromium alloys |
Country Status (21)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS545832A (en)) |
| AR (1) | AR218669A1 (en)) |
| AT (1) | AT355886B (en)) |
| AU (1) | AU520857B2 (en)) |
| BE (1) | BE867069R (en)) |
| BR (1) | BR7803752A (en)) |
| CA (1) | CA1111369A (en)) |
| CH (1) | CH641213A5 (en)) |
| DD (1) | DD137126A5 (en)) |
| DE (2) | DE2818780A1 (en)) |
| DK (1) | DK151643C (en)) |
| ES (1) | ES470542A1 (en)) |
| FI (1) | FI63785C (en)) |
| FR (1) | FR2394621A2 (en)) |
| GB (1) | GB1596995A (en)) |
| IE (1) | IE47088B1 (en)) |
| IN (1) | IN151389B (en)) |
| NL (1) | NL7805538A (en)) |
| NO (1) | NO151375C (en)) |
| SE (1) | SE430347B (en)) |
| ZA (1) | ZA782162B (en)) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1596995A (en) * | 1977-06-14 | 1981-09-03 | Ibm | Electroplating chromium and its alloys |
| IN153802B (en)) * | 1978-11-11 | 1984-08-18 | Ibm | |
| GB2038361B (en) * | 1978-11-11 | 1983-08-17 | Ibm | Trivalent chromium plating bath |
| US9765437B2 (en) * | 2009-03-24 | 2017-09-19 | Roderick D. Herdman | Chromium alloy coating with enhanced resistance to corrosion in calcium chloride environments |
| US9689081B2 (en) | 2011-05-03 | 2017-06-27 | Atotech Deutschland Gmbh | Electroplating bath and method for producing dark chromium layers |
| US20170306515A1 (en) * | 2016-04-21 | 2017-10-26 | Macdermid Acumen, Inc | Dark Colored Chromium Based Electrodeposits |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2822326A (en) * | 1955-03-22 | 1958-02-04 | Rockwell Spring & Axle Co | Bright chromium alloy plating |
| GB1444913A (en) * | 1972-10-09 | 1976-08-04 | Vickers Ltd | Removal of flexible sheets from rotary drums |
| GB1482747A (en) * | 1973-10-10 | 1977-08-10 | Bnf Metals Tech Centre | Chromium plating baths |
| GB1455580A (en) * | 1973-12-13 | 1976-11-17 | Albright & Wilson | Electrodeposition of chromium |
| GB1455841A (en) * | 1974-11-26 | 1976-11-17 | Albright & Wilson | Electrodeposition of chromium |
| GB1431639A (en) * | 1974-12-11 | 1976-04-14 | Ibm Uk | Electroplating chromium and its alloys |
| GB1498532A (en) * | 1975-03-26 | 1978-01-18 | Bnf Metals Tech Centre | Trivalent chromium plating baths |
| GB1498533A (en) * | 1975-03-26 | 1978-01-18 | Bnf Metals Tech Centre | Trivalent chromium plating baths |
| DE2550615A1 (de) * | 1975-11-11 | 1977-05-18 | Int Lead Zinc Res | Waessriges verchromungsbad und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
| FR2331628A1 (fr) * | 1975-11-14 | 1977-06-10 | Int Lead Zinc Res | Bain de depot au chrome trivalent |
| GB1596995A (en) * | 1977-06-14 | 1981-09-03 | Ibm | Electroplating chromium and its alloys |
-
1977
- 1977-06-14 GB GB24734/77A patent/GB1596995A/en not_active Expired
-
1978
- 1978-04-14 ZA ZA00782162A patent/ZA782162B/xx unknown
- 1978-04-18 IN IN286/DEL/78A patent/IN151389B/en unknown
- 1978-04-18 AU AU35211/78A patent/AU520857B2/en not_active Expired
- 1978-04-28 DE DE19782818780 patent/DE2818780A1/de active Granted
- 1978-05-05 AT AT327978A patent/AT355886B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-05-09 FR FR7814656A patent/FR2394621A2/fr active Granted
- 1978-05-12 BE BE187693A patent/BE867069R/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-05-12 CH CH518878A patent/CH641213A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-05-18 CA CA303,634A patent/CA1111369A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-05-23 NL NL7805538A patent/NL7805538A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1978-05-26 SE SE7806066A patent/SE430347B/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-06-06 ES ES470542A patent/ES470542A1/es not_active Expired
- 1978-06-09 AR AR272544A patent/AR218669A1/es active
- 1978-06-12 DD DD78205946A patent/DD137126A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-06-12 BR BR7803752A patent/BR7803752A/pt unknown
- 1978-06-12 NO NO782046A patent/NO151375C/no unknown
- 1978-06-13 DK DK263878A patent/DK151643C/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-06-13 IE IE1190/78A patent/IE47088B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-06-14 JP JP7101878A patent/JPS545832A/ja active Granted
- 1978-06-14 FI FI781902A patent/FI63785C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1979
- 1979-05-29 DE DE19792921749 patent/DE2921749A1/de active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BR7803752A (pt) | 1979-02-28 |
| AU520857B2 (en) | 1982-03-04 |
| ATA327978A (de) | 1979-08-15 |
| FR2394621B2 (en)) | 1980-06-13 |
| DE2921749C2 (en)) | 1990-10-25 |
| FI781902A7 (fi) | 1978-12-15 |
| ES470542A1 (es) | 1979-01-01 |
| DK263878A (da) | 1978-12-15 |
| FI63785C (fi) | 1983-08-10 |
| NO151375B (no) | 1984-12-17 |
| DE2921749A1 (de) | 1979-12-13 |
| NO782046L (no) | 1978-12-15 |
| AR218669A1 (es) | 1980-06-30 |
| DD137126A5 (de) | 1979-08-15 |
| FR2394621A2 (fr) | 1979-01-12 |
| IN151389B (en)) | 1983-04-09 |
| GB1596995A (en) | 1981-09-03 |
| BE867069R (fr) | 1978-09-01 |
| NL7805538A (nl) | 1978-12-18 |
| AU3521178A (en) | 1979-10-25 |
| CA1111369A (en) | 1981-10-27 |
| DE2818780A1 (de) | 1978-12-21 |
| ZA782162B (en) | 1979-12-27 |
| JPS5636876B2 (en)) | 1981-08-27 |
| FI63785B (fi) | 1983-04-29 |
| DK151643C (da) | 1988-08-15 |
| NO151375C (no) | 1985-03-27 |
| DK151643B (da) | 1987-12-21 |
| IE781190L (en) | 1978-12-14 |
| IE47088B1 (en) | 1983-12-14 |
| SE7806066L (sv) | 1978-12-15 |
| DE2818780C2 (en)) | 1989-10-26 |
| SE430347B (sv) | 1983-11-07 |
| JPS545832A (en) | 1979-01-17 |
| AT355886B (de) | 1980-03-25 |
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