WO2023168848A1 - 一种数控机床及其控制方法 - Google Patents

一种数控机床及其控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023168848A1
WO2023168848A1 PCT/CN2022/098319 CN2022098319W WO2023168848A1 WO 2023168848 A1 WO2023168848 A1 WO 2023168848A1 CN 2022098319 W CN2022098319 W CN 2022098319W WO 2023168848 A1 WO2023168848 A1 WO 2023168848A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
punching
workpiece
mounting base
cavity
ccd camera
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/098319
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
赵少燕
陈小如
詹美凤
余院珠
Original Assignee
赵少燕
陈小如
詹美凤
余院珠
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202210214574.3A external-priority patent/CN114535648A/zh
Priority claimed from CN202210249851.4A external-priority patent/CN114453938A/zh
Priority claimed from CN202210287910.7A external-priority patent/CN114473638A/zh
Priority claimed from CN202210366370.1A external-priority patent/CN114643492A/zh
Application filed by 赵少燕, 陈小如, 詹美凤, 余院珠 filed Critical 赵少燕
Publication of WO2023168848A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023168848A1/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B41/00Boring or drilling machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/25Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • B23Q11/08Protective coverings for parts of machine tools; Splash guards
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
    • B23Q17/24Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics or electromagnetic waves
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/02Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
    • B23Q3/06Work-clamping means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q5/00Driving or feeding mechanisms; Control arrangements therefor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a CNC machine tool and a control method thereof.
  • CNC machine tools are machine tools that use cutting, grinding or special processing methods to process various metal workpieces to obtain the required geometric shape, dimensional accuracy and surface quality.
  • the punching CNC machine tool includes a frame 1 and a positioning table 3 that can move on the frame 1.
  • the positioning table 3 moves the workpiece to the bottom of the drill bit bracket 2, and the drill bit punches the workpiece.
  • This punching CNC machine tool has low automation. It requires manual work to fix and limit the workpiece on the positioning table 3. It also needs to manually move the positioning table 3 to the bottom of the drill bit bracket 2, and the quality inspection of the punched workpiece requires manual inspection with the naked eye. Detection greatly affects the punching efficiency and punching quality.
  • the present invention designs a CNC machine tool and its control method.
  • the technical problems it solves are:
  • the present invention adopts the following solutions: (1) After the punching of the existing machine tool is completed, subsequent inspection is usually required. Knowing the quality of stamped parts, the existing technology lacks a method and device for on-site inspection of the quality of stamped parts. (2) When the workpiece is punched or grooved, photo information of the punching or groove cannot usually be obtained from multiple angles, and the quality of the punching or groove cannot be fully inspected and evaluated.
  • the present invention adopts the following solutions:
  • a CNC machine tool includes a machine tool operating table.
  • the machine tool operating table is provided with a movable movable workbench.
  • the workpiece is fixed on the movable workbench through a clamping limit mechanism.
  • the machine tool operating table is also provided with a cutting detection bracket.
  • the cutting detection bracket is also provided on the machine tool operating table.
  • a cutting device and a detection device are installed on the bracket, and the feature is that: the workpiece can rotate to provide different cutting or grooving angles for the cutting device; or/and, the workpiece can rotate to provide different detection angles for the detection device.
  • a fully automatic punching CNC machine tool including a frame and an automatic punching drill bit.
  • a movable positioning table is provided on the frame.
  • the positioning table fixes the punching workpiece through a clamping limiter. It is characterized by: : Also includes a control unit, the control unit controls the driving mechanism to move the positioning table below the automatic punching drill bit, and during the above movement, the clamping limiter device clamps and limits the punching workpiece in sequence .
  • An environmentally friendly fully automatic punching CNC machine tool including a workbench.
  • the workpiece is placed on the workbench.
  • the drill bit device moves horizontally or vertically on the drill bit bracket.
  • the metal debris removal device moves above the workpiece and generates negative pressure to absorb the metal debris generated by punching the workpiece; when the workpiece is not punched by the drill bit
  • the metal debris removal device moves to the bottom of the workpiece and outputs cleaning water to flush the collected metal debris and metal debris on the workbench into the collection box.
  • a multifunctional punching device includes a base, a first mounting base and a second mounting base.
  • a punching mechanism is installed on the first mounting base.
  • the first mounting base has a left groove
  • the second mounting base has a right groove. groove
  • the CCD camera is connected to the inner wall of the base. When the first mounting base and the second mounting base are brought close to each other under the action of the driving device, the left groove and the right groove are combined to form an installation cavity.
  • the CCD camera is located in the installation cavity to avoid opening.
  • the detection device of the present invention cooperates with the workpiece rotating mechanism to produce multiple different image collection angles, so that the quality of punching or grooving can be judged more accurately and the yield rate of workpieces processed by CNC machine tools can be improved.
  • the detection device of the present invention has a cavity opening mechanism that automatically closes when the cutting device is working to avoid damage to the CCD camera by metal dust. At the same time, when the cutting device is not working, the cutting device moves upward to avoid blocking the view. The cavity is automatically opened so that the CCD camera can automatically collect images.
  • the workpiece rotating mechanism of the present invention can be used not only with the detection device, but also with the cutting device, allowing more complex grooves or holes to be made on the workpiece.
  • the present invention uses a driving device to synchronize the left and right clamping, upper and lower limits, and horizontal movement of the punching workpiece, thus changing the traditional manual operation mode, greatly saving manpower participation, and enabling clamping and position limiting.
  • a driving device to synchronize the left and right clamping, upper and lower limits, and horizontal movement of the punching workpiece, thus changing the traditional manual operation mode, greatly saving manpower participation, and enabling clamping and position limiting.
  • it is suitable for the processing of high-precision components and can also meet the requirements of intelligent manufacturing.
  • the punching quality can be detected without leaving the workbench after punching is completed, and when the punching quality is not up to standard, rework can be carried out immediately, greatly saving time. And in theory, it can ensure that the punching quality of each workpiece reaches the standard.
  • the present invention provides a switching device between the drill bit and the image detection mechanism, and also enables the CCD camera to be protected by a cover to prevent metal dust generated by punching from entering the CCD camera, affecting the service life of the CCD camera, and also preventing metal dust from damaging the CCD camera. Interference in image acquisition.
  • the movable metal debris removal device of the present invention can remove metal debris above and below the workpiece. It can not only collect metal debris on the surface of the workpiece, but also avoid the debris and dust generated during drilling that are harmful to the human body. If the drill bit device is not working, move it under the workpiece and remove the debris scattered on the machine tool and the debris adsorbed by flushing with cleaning water to ensure the cleanliness of the workbench.
  • the CCD camera of the present invention and the drill bit device cooperate with each other.
  • the CCD When the drill bit device is working, the CCD is located above to avoid the impact of the drill bit on the camera.
  • the drill bit device When the CCD camera is working, the drill bit device is located above to avoid its influence on the image collection of the CCD camera. impact and interference, and there is also a sliding cover that opens and closes automatically to protect the CCD camera from debris and dust.
  • the control method of the present invention not only synchronizes drilling and metal debris collection, but also synchronizes machine tool flushing and image detection aperture quality, fully realizing automatic drilling, debris collection, cleaning, and quality inspection.
  • the control method of the present invention can also punch holes repeatedly when the hole diameter quality is not up to standard. That is, when quality is found, errors can be corrected in a timely manner. In the past, it was necessary to complete all holes before performing quality inspection, thus ensuring product yield.
  • the present invention hides the detection device in the fixture of the part, and also combines the punching mechanism and the cutting fluid output mechanism with the fixture, so that loading and unloading, punching and detection can be achieved through one device, saving equipment Use, saves the use space of CNC machine tools, and also achieves the purpose of energy saving and emission reduction.
  • the present invention can not only set up the detection step independently, but also synchronize the detection step with the blanking step, saving time and improving production efficiency.
  • Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the CNC machine tool of the present invention
  • Figure 2 Partial enlargement of A in Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the working state of the cutting device of the CNC machine tool of the present invention
  • Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the fixed cavity of the opening detection device of the cutting device of the CNC machine tool according to the present invention
  • Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the cavity opening structure in Figure 3 without contacting the movable door
  • Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the two movable doors closed in Figure 5;
  • Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the cavity opening mechanism opening the movable door in Figure 4.
  • Figure 8 Bottom view of Figure 7;
  • Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the reset structure of the movable door in the present invention.
  • Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the support structure of the cutting device and cutting detection bracket of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a punching CNC machine tool in the prior art
  • Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the clamping device of the fully automatic punching CNC machine tool of the present invention
  • Figure 13 The first working schematic diagram of the clamping limiter of the fully automatic punching CNC machine tool of the present invention
  • Figure 14 Transmission schematic diagram of the first clamping limiting device in Figure 13;
  • Figure 15 Transmission schematic diagram of the second clamping limiting device in Figure 13;
  • Figure 16 The second working schematic diagram of the clamping limiter device of the fully automatic punching CNC machine tool of the present invention
  • Figure 17 Transmission schematic diagram of the first clamping limiting device in Figure 16;
  • Figure 18 Transmission schematic diagram of the second clamping limiting device in Figure 16;
  • Figure 19 Schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the fully automatic punching CNC machine tool of the present invention.
  • Figure 20 Schematic diagram of the switching device between the drill bit and the image detection mechanism in the present invention
  • Figure 21 The left view of Figure 20 when the image detection mechanism is rotated downward;
  • Figure 22 Bottom view of Figure 21;
  • Figure 23 Schematic structural diagram of the cover in Figure 22.
  • Moving limit part; 5 punching workpiece; 51—stressed block; 52—limiting block; 53—transmission gear; 54—lower rack; 55—upper rack; 56—first return spring; 57— The first roller; 58—the second roller; 6—the second drive motor; 61—the rotating shaft; 62—the rotating body; 63—the first bearing; 64—the second bearing; 65—the first installation cavity; 66—the second installation Cavity; 661—sliding rod; 662—second return spring; 67—cover body; 671—limiting chute; 68—first push rod; 69—second push rod.
  • Figure 24 A schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of the environmentally friendly fully automatic punching CNC machine tool of the present invention.
  • Figure 25 A partial enlarged schematic diagram of Figure 24;
  • Figure 26 Structural diagram of the metal debris removal device in the present invention.
  • Figure 27 Schematic diagram of the moving reset mechanism of the metal debris removal device in Figure 26;
  • Figure 28 Schematic diagram of the metal debris removal device in the present invention adsorbing debris on the surface of the workpiece
  • Figure 29 Schematic diagram of the metal debris removal device in the present invention flushing debris on the machine tool workbench;
  • Figure 30 Structural diagram of the metal debris removal device in the present invention.
  • Figure 31 Schematic diagram of the operation of drill bit Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 32 Schematic diagram of the operation of the image detection mechanism in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 33 Schematic diagram of the operation of drill bit Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 34 Schematic diagram of the operation of the image detection mechanism in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 35 Schematic diagram of the position of the moving sliding cover in Figure 34.
  • Figure 36 is a first working schematic diagram of the multifunctional punching device of the present invention.
  • Figure 37 is a second working schematic diagram of the multifunctional punching device of the present invention.
  • Figure 38 is a third working schematic diagram of the multifunctional punching device of the present invention.
  • a CNC machine tool includes a machine tool operating table 1.
  • the machine tool operating table 1 is provided with a movable movable workbench 2.
  • the workpiece is fixed on the movable workbench 2 through a clamping limit mechanism.
  • Table 1 is also provided with a cutting detection bracket 5.
  • a cutting device 6 and a detection device 7 are installed on the cutting detection bracket 5.
  • the workpiece can be rotated to provide different cutting or grooving angles for the cutting device 6; or/and, the workpiece can be rotated for detection.
  • Device 7 provides different detection angles.
  • the clamping limit mechanism includes a first clamping limit mechanism 3 and a second clamping limit mechanism 4.
  • the workpiece is clamped between the first clamping limit mechanism 3 and the second clamping limit mechanism 4.
  • the first The clamping limit mechanism 3 is fixedly connected to one end of the first rotating shaft.
  • the first rotating shaft is connected to the first mounting bracket through the first bearing.
  • the other end of the first rotating shaft is driven to rotate by the motor.
  • the second clamping limiting mechanism 4 is connected to the second rotating shaft. One end is fixedly connected, and the other end of the second rotating shaft is connected to the second mounting bracket through a second bearing.
  • the rotation of the first clamping and limiting mechanism 3 drives the synchronous rotation of the second clamping and limiting mechanism 4 .
  • the movable workbench 2 realizes horizontal movement through a horizontal displacement mechanism.
  • the horizontal displacement mechanism includes a first motor 11, a screw rod 13 and a threaded slider 14.
  • the machine tool operating table 1 is provided with a cutting detection bracket extending to 5 below the chute 12, the chute 12 is provided with a screw rod 13, one end of the screw rod 13 is connected to the first motor 11, the other end of the screw rod 13 is connected to the support bearing, and the bottom of the movable workbench 2 is provided with a threaded slider 14.
  • the threaded slider 14 cooperates with the screw rod 13.
  • the threaded slider 14 brings the movable workbench 2 to move along the axial direction of the screw rod 13.
  • the protective cavity of the detection device 7 is closed to prevent metal debris generated by slotting or punching from causing damage to the CCD camera 75; after the cutting device 6 stops working, it moves upward to avoid obstruction.
  • the cutting detection bracket 5 also includes a rack 64 and a limiting groove 63 that are both vertically arranged.
  • the cutting device 6 is clamped between the rack 64 and the limiting groove 63.
  • the cutting device 6 is connected to the gear 62, and the gear 62 is connected to the rack. 64 engages, and the second motor 61 installed on the cutting device 6 causes the gear 62 to rotate through the transmission mechanism, thereby causing the cutting device 6 to move along the extending direction of the rack 64 .
  • the cavity opening mechanism includes a driving block 72 and an annular connecting bracket 73. Both ends of the annular connecting bracket 73 are connected to both side walls of the cutting device 6.
  • the driving block 72 is connected to the annular connecting bracket 73. When the cutting device 6 moves vertically, it will bring the drive with it.
  • the block 72 moves vertically, and the annular connecting bracket 73 forms an opening structure through which the detection device 7 can pass; the top of the driving block 72 is provided with two upper slopes 74, and correspondingly, a first movable door 70 and a second movable door are provided at the bottom of the protection chamber.
  • Door 71, the first lower slope 701 is provided at the edge of the first movable door 70, and there is no obstruction of the protective cavity above the first lower slope 701.
  • the second lower slope 711 is provided at the edge of the second movable door 71, and the second lower slope 711 There is no obstruction from the protective cavity above; when the two upper slopes 74 move upward, they act on the first lower slope 701 and the second lower slope 711 respectively, so that the first movable door 70 and the second movable door 71 move horizontally in reverse and gradually open.
  • Protective cavity as shown in Figure 5-8.
  • the first movable door 70 is provided with a first vertical connection part 703, and the second movable door 71 is provided with a second vertical connection part 713.
  • the first vertical connection part 703 and the inner wall of the protection cavity are connected by a first return spring. 702 connection, the second vertical connection part 713 and the inner wall of the protection cavity are connected through the second return spring 712.
  • the protection cavity is closed, the first vertical connection part 703 and the second vertical connection part 713 are in contact through the action of the two return springs.
  • the driving block 72 pushes open the first movable door 70 and the second movable door 71, the two return springs are compressed.
  • annular frame 51 at the edge of the vertical channel of the cutting device 6 formed by the cutting detection bracket 5.
  • the support portion of the annular frame and the cutting device 6 is provided with a spring 66.
  • the spring can protect the cutting device from breaking away from the cutting detection bracket 5. .
  • the control method of CNC machine tools of the present invention includes the following steps:
  • the control unit starts the first motor to move the workpiece on the movable workbench 2 to a predetermined position
  • the control unit starts the cutting device 6 to move horizontally to a predetermined position, and the cutting component of the cutting device 6 acts downward on the workpiece with the help of the telescopic mechanism to form groove A or punching hole A;
  • the telescopic mechanism resets the cutting part of the cutting device 6;
  • the control unit starts the second motor, and the cutting device 6 moves upward to avoid blocking the field of view of the detection device 7.
  • the movable door of the detection device 7 is opened through the cavity opening mechanism, so that the CCD camera 75 in the protection cavity can collect its Image information of slotting A or punching A on the workpiece below;
  • the control unit compares the grooving A or punching A image with the preset parameters for the first time to determine whether the grooving or punching quality is qualified;
  • control unit determines that the first comparison result is qualified, it starts the motor so that the workpiece and the movable workbench 2 form an angle A, and the CCD camera 75 in the protection cavity collects the image information of slotting A or punching A again;
  • the control unit compares the image of slotting A or punching A with the preset parameters for the second time to determine whether the quality of slotting A or punching A is qualified;
  • control unit determines that the second comparison result is qualified, it terminates the detection; or starts the motor so that the workpiece and the movable workbench 2 form an angle B, and the CCD camera 75 in the protection cavity collects the data of slot A or punch A again.
  • Image information the control unit compares the image of slotting A or punching A with the preset parameters for the third time to determine whether the quality of slotting A or punching A is qualified, and so on, until the preset multi-angle detection is met.
  • step S3 after completing slot A or punching hole A, start the motor so that the workpiece and the movable workbench 2 form an angle A, and the cutting component of the cutting device 6 acts downward on the workpiece slot A or punching hole A with the help of the telescopic mechanism. further processing.
  • a fully automatic punching CNC machine tool including a frame 1 and an automatic punching drill bit.
  • the frame 1 is provided with a movable positioning table 3.
  • the positioning table 3 fixes the punching workpiece 5 through a clamping limiter. It also includes a control unit, which controls the driving mechanism to move the positioning table 3 below the automatic punching drill bit, and during the above movement, the clamping limiter device clamps and limits the punching workpiece 5 in sequence.
  • the driving mechanism includes a first drive motor 4 and a bidirectional screw mandrel 40.
  • the bidirectional screw mandrel 40 is composed of two sections of threaded rods with opposite rotation directions.
  • the first drive motor 4 drives the bidirectional screw mandrel 40 to rotate.
  • the two sections of the bidirectional screw mandrel 40 rotate in opposite directions. Opposite threads connect the first threaded sliding sleeve 41 and the second threaded sliding sleeve 42 respectively.
  • the first threaded sliding sleeve 41 is connected to the first clamping mechanism
  • the second threaded sliding sleeve 42 is connected to the second clamping mechanism
  • the first clamping mechanism The punching workpiece 5 is gradually clamped when the tightening mechanism and the second clamping mechanism move axially toward each other along the two-way screw 40 .
  • the first clamping mechanism includes a first support part 411 and a first vertical clamping part 412.
  • the first support part 411 is fixedly connected to the first threaded sliding sleeve 41, and the first vertical clamping part 412 is connected to the first threaded sliding sleeve 41.
  • a support part 411 forms a right-angle connection structure;
  • the second clamping mechanism includes a second support part 421 and a second vertical clamping part 422.
  • the second support part 421 is fixedly connected to the second threaded sliding sleeve 42, and the second vertical clamping part 422 and the second support part 421 form a right-angle connection structure; when the first vertical clamping part 412 and the second support part 421 move toward each other, both sides of the punching workpiece 5 are clamped.
  • the first clamping mechanism also includes a first movement limiting part 413.
  • the first movement limiting part 413 is connected above the first vertical clamping part 412.
  • the first movement limiting part 413 The first vertical clamping part 412 is provided with a communicating cavity between the upper part 413 and the first vertical clamping part 412.
  • the upper cavity of the first moving limiting part 413 is provided with a limiter block 52 that can move in and out; the lower cavity of the first vertical clamping part 412 is
  • a force-bearing block 51 is provided.
  • the force-bearing block 51 is connected to the inner wall of the cavity under the first vertical clamping part 412 through a first return spring 56.
  • the force-bearing block 51 can extend the first vertical clamp under the action of the first return spring 56. Tightening part 412, the force-bearing block 51 can also be fully returned to the first vertical clamping part 412 by the punching workpiece 5; the force-bearing block 51 is provided with a lower rack 54, and the limiting block 52 is provided with an upper rack 55.
  • the upper rack 55 meshes with the lower rack 54 through the transmission gear 53, and the transmission gear 53 is connected to the upper cavity or the inner wall of the lower cavity through the rotating shaft; the punching workpiece 5 pushes the force block 51 back into the first vertical clamping part 412 and It is clamped by the first vertical clamping part 412 and also causes the limiting block 52 to extend to limit the punching workpiece 5 between the limiting block 52 and the first supporting part 411 .
  • the second clamping mechanism also includes a second movement limiting part 423.
  • the second movement limiting part 423 is connected above the second vertical clamping part 422.
  • the second movement limiting part 423 The second vertical clamping part 412 is provided with a communicating cavity between the upper part 423 and the second vertical clamping part 422.
  • the upper cavity of the second moving limiting part 423 is provided with a limiter block 52 that can move in and out; the lower cavity of the second vertical clamping part 412 is
  • a force-bearing block 51 is provided.
  • the force-bearing block 51 is connected to the inner wall of the cavity under the second vertical clamping part 422 through a second return spring 56.
  • the force-bearing block 51 can extend the second vertical clamp under the action of the second return spring 56. Tightening part 422, the force-bearing block 51 can also be fully returned to the second vertical clamping part 422 by the punching workpiece 5; the force-bearing block 51 is provided with a lower rack 54, and the limiting block 52 is provided with an upper rack 55.
  • the upper rack 55 meshes with the lower rack 54 through the transmission gear 53, which is connected to the upper cavity or the inner wall of the lower cavity through the rotating shaft; the punching workpiece 5 pushes the force block 51 back into the second vertical clamping part 422 and It is clamped by the second vertical clamping part 422 , and the limiting block 52 is also extended to limit the punching workpiece 5 between the limiting block 52 and the second supporting part 421 .
  • the two ends of the two-way screw 40 that are not threaded are provided with first rollers 57 and second rollers 58.
  • the two-way screw 40 is connected to the mounting hole of the positioning table 3 through bearings.
  • the rotating first roller 57 and The second roller 58 jointly translates the positioning table 3 and the clamped punching workpiece 5 on the frame 1 .
  • the frame 1 is provided with two parallel rails 11, and the first roller 57 and the second roller 58 are respectively restricted to move in one rail 11.
  • the switching device between the drill bit and the image detection mechanism includes a second drive motor 6, a first installation cavity 65 and a second installation cavity 66.
  • the rotating shaft 61 of the second drive motor 6 is connected to the rotating body 62, and rotates
  • the lower part of the body 62 is connected to the first installation cavity 65
  • the upper part of the rotating body 62 is connected to the second installation cavity 66.
  • An automatic punching drill bit is installed in the first installation cavity 65, and a CCD camera is installed in the second installation cavity 66 to collect punching shape data;
  • the second drive motor 6 causes the automatic punching drill bit to rotate downward, and the automatic punching drill bit itself can stretch and punch out holes of different depths in the punching workpiece 5 . It can be combined with the limit device to keep the automatic punching drill bit vertical at all times.
  • the second drive motor 6 causes the CCD camera to rotate downward.
  • the CCD camera collects the diameter and depth data of the aperture and transmits it to the control unit to determine the quality of the aperture. It can be used with the limiter device to keep the CCD camera always vertical.
  • the second installation cavity 66 is provided with a cover 67 , and the cover 67 protects the CCD camera from damage by metal dust when it is not in use or rotated upward.
  • One end of the rotating shaft 61 of the second driving motor 6 is connected to the mounting hole of the drill bit bracket through the first bearing 63.
  • the other end of the rotating shaft 61 of the second driving motor 6 is connected to the second bearing 64.
  • the non-rotating outer ring of the first bearing 63 is connected to the second bearing 64.
  • a push rod 68 is connected, and the non-rotating outer ring of the second bearing 64 is connected to the second push rod 69.
  • the width of the first installation cavity 65 and the second installation cavity 66 can be from the distance between the first push rod 68 and the second push rod 69.
  • the width of the cover 67 cannot pass between the first push rod 68 and the second push rod 69 .
  • a limiting chute 671 is provided on the cover 67, and a sliding rod 661 is provided at the opening of the second installation cavity 66.
  • the sliding rod 661 is located in the limiting chute 671.
  • a second return spring 662 is provided between the cover 67 and the second installation cavity 66 so that the cover 67 can re-cover the opening of the second installation cavity 66 when it is not acted upon by the first push rod 68 and the second push rod 69. As shown in Figure 12.
  • the sliding rod 661 and the limiting chute 671 may have a certain arc to ensure that when the first push rod 68 and the second push rod 69 push the cover 67, the cover 67 will not get stuck.
  • the drill bit holder can move horizontally and/or vertically to carry the automatic punching drill bit and CCD camera.
  • the control method of the fully automatic punching CNC machine tool of the present invention includes the following steps:
  • the control unit starts the first drive motor 4.
  • the first clamping mechanism and the second clamping mechanism move toward each other and are close to the punching workpiece 5.
  • the first roller 57 and the second roller 58 roll to make the positioning table 3 and the punching workpiece 5 Move toward the bottom of drill bit holder 2;
  • the punching workpiece 5 pushes the force block 51 into the first vertical clamping part 412, and the limiting block 52 extends to limit the punching workpiece 5 to the limiting block. 52 and the first support part 411; similarly, the punching workpiece 5 pushes the force block 51 into the second vertical clamping part 422, and the limiting block 52 extends to limit the punching workpiece 5 to the limiting block 52 between the second support part 421;
  • the control unit controls the automatic punching drill bit to punch the punching workpiece 5;
  • control unit determines that the aperture quality is not up to standard, repeat S4-S7.
  • an environmentally friendly fully automatic punching CNC machine tool includes a workbench 1, a workpiece 3 is placed on the workbench 1, a chip guard 4 is provided around the workpiece 3, and a drill bit bracket 2 is provided above the workpiece 3.
  • the drill bit device 99 moves horizontally or vertically on the drill bit holder 2, and also includes a movable metal debris removal device 5. When the workpiece 3 is punched by the drill bit device 99, the metal debris removal device 5 moves to the end of the workpiece 3.
  • the negative pressure generated above absorbs the metal debris generated by punching the workpiece 3; when the workpiece 3 is not acted upon by the drill bit device 99, the metal debris removal device 5 moves to the bottom of the workpiece 3 and outputs cleaning water to collect the metal debris and The metal chips on the workbench 1 are flushed into the collection box.
  • the metal debris removal device 5 includes a base 51.
  • the base 51 is provided with a plurality of fixed grooves 54.
  • Each fixed groove 54 is provided with a chip removal tube 52.
  • the chip removal tube 52 generates an adsorbed metal Negative pressure for debris or output cleaning fluid.
  • both ends of the base 51 are connected to the chip guard 4 through a mobile reset mechanism 6.
  • the mobile reset mechanism 6 includes a lower limit plate 63, an upper limit plate 64 and a spring 62.
  • the lower limit plate 63 is connected to the base. 51 is connected, the upper limit plate 64 is connected to the chip guard 4, a cavity 61 is provided between the lower limit plate 63 and the upper limit plate 64, and both ends of the spring 62 are connected to the lower limit plate 63 and the upper limit plate 64 respectively; when lifted
  • the cam 7 lowers the base 51, and the spring 62 contracts to bring the base 51 back to its original position.
  • the chip removal pipe 52 when the base 51 is not acted upon by the first driving device, the chip removal pipe 52 is located below the workpiece 3 and can flush the metal debris in the gap between the workpiece 3 and the workbench 1; the base 51 When raised by the first driving device, the chip removal tube 52 is located above the workpiece 3 to absorb metal chips generated by punching the workpiece 3 through negative pressure.
  • the first driving device includes a motor 72, a rotating shaft 71 and a lifting cam 7.
  • the motor 72 is connected to the lifting cam 7 through the rotating shaft 71.
  • the lifting cam 7 can lift or lower the base 51 during rotation.
  • the left side of the workpiece 3 is clamped by the left clamping device 81
  • the right side of the workpiece 3 is clamped by the right clamping device 82
  • the left clamping device 81 is acted upon by the first cylinder 83
  • the right clamping device 82 is acted upon by the second cylinder 84 .
  • multiple chip removal pipes 52 are connected through a connecting pipe 53.
  • the connecting pipe 53 is connected to the fan through a negative pressure adsorption hose 55.
  • the connecting pipe 53 is also connected to the water pump through a cleaning water hose 56.
  • the chip removal pipe 52 The provided filter screen 57 collects metal debris generated by punching the workpiece 3.
  • the negative pressure adsorption hose 55 is provided with a valve, and the cleaning water hose 56 is also provided with a valve, so that the negative pressure adsorption hose 55 and the cleaning water hose 56 can work independently of each other.
  • the drill bit device 99 is installed on the drill bit mounting base 97, and the CCD camera mounting cavity 91 is connected to the drill bit mounting base 97 through the mounting base 94; the mounting base 94 is connected to the drill bit bracket 2 so that the third driving device can Under the action of moving horizontally or vertically, the CD camera in the CCD camera installation cavity 91 can collect the diameter and depth data of the aperture and transmit it to the control unit to judge the aperture quality on the workpiece 3; the drill bit mounting base 97 and the CCD camera installation cavity 91 pass through the first The second driving device realizes reverse movement.
  • the CCD camera moves upward to avoid damage to it by metal debris generated by the drill bit device 99; when the drill bit device 99 moves upward, the CCD camera moves downward toward the aperture on the workpiece 3 Get pore size information.
  • the second driving device includes a first rack 92, a second rack 96 and a gear 95.
  • the first rack 92 is fixed on the CCD camera mounting cavity 91
  • the second rack 96 is fixed on the drill bit mounting base 97
  • the gear 95 is installed On the mounting base 94 and drivingly connected with the second motor.
  • the bottom of the mounting base 94 is provided with an electromagnet 98, and the corresponding opening of the CCD camera installation cavity 91 is provided with an inclined movable sliding cover 93.
  • the movable sliding cover 93 can be limited to the opening of the CCD camera installation cavity 91 and can be positioned relative to the CCD camera.
  • the opening of the installation cavity 91 moves; when the CCD camera installation cavity 91 moves to the uppermost end, the electromagnet 98 works to attract the magnetic sliding cover 93 and close the opening of the CCD camera installation cavity 91; when the CCD camera installation cavity 91 moves downwards
  • the electromagnet 98 is closed, the movable sliding cover 93 slides obliquely under the action of its own gravity and automatically opens the opening of the CCD camera installation cavity 91, so that the CCD camera can collect the diameter and depth data of the aperture.
  • a guide rod 911 is provided at the opening of the CCD camera mounting cavity 91, and the moving sliding cover 93 is provided with a linear guide groove corresponding thereto.
  • an electromagnet 98 is provided at the bottom of the mounting base 94, and a horizontal movable sliding cover 93 is provided at the opening of the corresponding CCD camera installation cavity 91.
  • the movable sliding cover 93 can be limited in position when the CCD camera is installed.
  • the cavity 91 is open and can move relative to the opening of the CCD camera mounting cavity 91; when the CCD camera mounting cavity 91 moves to the uppermost end, the electromagnet 98 works to attract the magnetic moving sliding cover 93 and close the opening of the CCD camera mounting cavity 91; When the CCD camera installation cavity 91 moves downward, the electromagnet 98 is closed, and the sliding cover 93 slides horizontally under the action of the spring 912 to automatically open the CCD camera installation cavity 91 opening, so that the CCD camera can collect the diameter and depth data of the aperture.
  • One end of the spring 912 is connected to the inner wall of the CCD camera installation cavity 91 , and the other end of the spring 912 is connected to the movable sliding cover 93 .
  • a guide rod 911 is provided at the opening of the CCD camera mounting cavity 91, and the moving sliding cover 93 is provided with a linear guide groove corresponding thereto.
  • the difference between the above two embodiments is that the former uses the gravity of the movable sliding cover 93 arranged at an angle to automatically open the CCD camera installation cavity 91 , while the latter uses the movable sliding cover 93 arranged horizontally to automatically open the CCD camera installation cavity 91 through the spring 912 .
  • the control principle of the environmentally friendly fully automatic punching CNC machine tool of the present invention includes the following steps:
  • the control unit moves the drill bit holder 2 horizontally to the drilling position
  • the control unit lowers the drill bit device 99, raises the CCD camera installation cavity 91 and closes the opening;
  • the drill bit device 99 moves downward to drill the workpiece 3;
  • the chip removal pipe 52 is located above the workpiece 3 and uses negative pressure to absorb the metal debris generated by punching the workpiece 3, and the metal debris is collected by the filter;
  • the drill bit device 99 completes drilling and moves upward, the CCD camera installation cavity 91 opens, and the CCD camera approaches the aperture on the workpiece 3 downward to obtain aperture information; when the base 51 is no longer acted upon by the first driving device, the chip removal tube 52 descends Located under the workpiece 3, the metal debris in the gap between the workpiece 3 and the workbench 1 can be flushed, and the metal debris on the filter screen can also be flushed out;
  • Step S6 is until the aperture information meets the preset requirements. If the CCD camera detects N times, N ⁇ 2, and the aperture information still does not meet the preset requirements, the control unit starts the alarm device and pauses the CNC machine tool.
  • a multifunctional punching device includes a base 1, a first mounting base 3 and a second mounting base 4.
  • a punching mechanism 6 is installed on the first mounting base 3.
  • the first mounting base 3 has a left groove 31.
  • the second mounting base 4 has a right groove 41, and the CCD camera 5 is connected to the inner wall of the base 1.
  • the first mounting base 3 is provided with a left moving rack 32, and the ring sleeve of the first sector gear 28 is installed on the first shaft 26 of the base 1.
  • the left moving rack 32 can reciprocate in the horizontal direction through tooth transmission;
  • the second mounting base 4 is provided with a right moving rack 42, and the ring sleeve of the second sector gear 29 is installed on the second shaft 27 of the base 1 , during the rotation of the second sector gear 29, the right movable rack 42 can reciprocate in the horizontal direction through tooth transmission; the left movable rack 32 and the right movable rack 42 move in opposite directions or reversely.
  • the driving device includes a cylinder 2.
  • the cylinder 2 has a T-shaped cylinder rod 21.
  • One end of the T-shaped cylinder rod 21 is hinged with one end of the first left transmission member 22.
  • the other end of the first left transmission member 22 is hinged with one end of the second left transmission member 24.
  • the other end of the second left transmission member 24 is connected with the ring of the first sector gear 28;
  • the other end of the T-shaped cylinder rod 21 is hinged with one end of the first right transmission member 23, and the other end of the first right transmission member 23 is connected with the second One end of the right transmission member 25 is hinged, and the other end of the second right transmission member 25 is connected to the ring of the second sector gear 29;
  • the multi-function punching device is equipped with an X-axis of the transverse movement mechanism, a Y-axis of the longitudinal movement mechanism and a Z-axis of the vertical movement mechanism, so that the multi-function punching device can move freely.
  • the base 1 is provided with a left slide rail 11 and a right slide rail 12.
  • the first mounting base 3 is limited on the left slide rail 11 and can move along the extension direction of the left slide rail 11.
  • the second mounting base 4 is limited on the left slide rail 11. on the right slide rail 12 and can move along the extending direction of the right slide rail 12 .
  • the drilling mechanism 6 can enter and exit the cavity of the first mounting base 3, so that after the parts are processed, the first mounting base 3 and the second mounting base 4 can be close to each other to clamp the parts.
  • the cutting fluid output by the cutting fluid output mechanism 7 can cool and lubricate the drilling mechanism 6 .
  • the cutting fluid output mechanism 7 is installed on the second mounting seat 4 and enters and exits the cavity of the second mounting seat 4 .
  • the control method of a CNC machine tool according to the present invention includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Start the cylinder 2 so that the first mounting base 3 and the second mounting base 4 are connected into one body.
  • the left groove 31 and the right groove 41 combine to form an installation cavity.
  • the CCD camera 5 is located in the installation cavity to prevent the punching mechanism 6 from working. The impact of metal dust or bounced debris generated on the CCD camera 5.
  • Step 2 Start the punching mechanism 6 and the cutting fluid output mechanism 7.
  • the multifunctional punching device moves downward through the vertical movement mechanism to punch the parts.
  • the cutting fluid output by the cutting fluid output mechanism 7 affects the cutter head of the punching mechanism 6. Provide cooling and lubrication.
  • Step 3 After punching is completed, close the punching mechanism 6 and the cutting fluid output mechanism 7, and the multifunctional punching device moves upward through the vertical movement mechanism.
  • Step 4 Start the cylinder 2 again.
  • the CCD camera 5 is exposed to the space between the first mounting base 3 and the second mounting base 4 for downward processing. Image sampling of the completed parts is performed to determine whether the processing quality is qualified.
  • Step 5 The drilling mechanism 6 is retracted into the cavity of the first mounting base 3, and the cutting fluid output mechanism 7 is retracted into the cavity of the second mounting base 4.
  • Step 6 The multifunctional punching device moves downward through the vertical movement mechanism so that the processed parts are located between the first mounting base 3 and the second mounting base 4 .
  • Step 7 Start the cylinder 2 so that the first mounting base 3 and the second mounting base 4 move toward each other to clamp the processed parts.
  • Step 8 Control the X-axis of the transverse movement mechanism, the Y-axis of the longitudinal movement mechanism, and the Z-axis of the vertical movement mechanism so that the multifunctional punching device moves to the unloading area and puts down the processed parts.
  • the above control method includes 8 steps.
  • the detection step is set up as a separate step. This mode will increase the time and lead to low production efficiency. In order to save time and improve production efficiency, the detection link can also be prevented from being carried out simultaneously during the blanking process. .
  • the control method of a CNC machine tool according to the present invention includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Start the cylinder 2 so that the first mounting base 3 and the second mounting base 4 are connected into one body.
  • the left groove 31 and the right groove 41 combine to form an installation cavity.
  • the CCD camera 5 is located in the installation cavity to prevent the punching mechanism 6 from working. The impact of metal dust or bounced debris generated on the CCD camera 5.
  • Step 2 Start the punching mechanism 6 and the cutting fluid output mechanism 7.
  • the multifunctional punching device moves downward through the vertical movement mechanism to punch the parts.
  • the cutting fluid output by the cutting fluid output mechanism 7 affects the cutter head of the punching mechanism 6. Provide cooling and lubrication.
  • Step 3 After drilling is completed, close the drilling mechanism 6 and the cutting fluid output mechanism 7. The drilling mechanism 6 is retracted into the cavity of the first mounting base 3, and the cutting fluid output mechanism 7 is retracted into the cavity of the second mounting base 4. middle.
  • Step 4 Start the cylinder 2, and the first mounting base 3 and the second mounting base 4 are separated under the action of the transmission mechanism.
  • Step 5 The multifunctional punching device moves downward through the vertical movement mechanism so that the processed parts are located between the first mounting base 3 and the second mounting base 4 .
  • Step 6 Start the cylinder 2 again, so that the first mounting base 3 and the second mounting base 4 move toward each other to clamp the processed parts.
  • Step 7 Control the X-axis of the transverse movement mechanism, the Y-axis of the longitudinal movement mechanism, and the Z-axis of the vertical movement mechanism so that the multifunctional punching device moves to the unloading area and puts down the processed parts.
  • the CCD camera 5 is exposed to the space between the first mounting base 3 and the second mounting base 4 and samples the image of the processed part below to determine whether the processing quality is qualified. .

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种数控机床及其控制方法,包括机床操作台(1),在机床操作台(1)设有能够移动的活动工作台(2),工件通过夹紧限位机构固定在活动工作台(2)上,在机床操作台(1)还设有切割检测支架(5),切割检测支架(5)上安装有切割装置(6)和检测装置(7),其特征在于:工件能够旋转为切割装置(6)提供不同的切割或开槽角度;或/和,工件能够旋转为检测装置(7)提供不同的检测角度。本发明检测装置与工件旋转机构相互配合,产生多个不同的图像采集视角,因而可以更加精准的判断冲孔或开槽质量,提高数控机床加工工件的良品率。

Description

一种数控机床及其控制方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种数控机床及其控制方法。
背景技术
数控机床是用切削、磨削或特种加工方法加工各种金属工件,使之获得所要求的几何形状、尺寸精度和表面质量的机床。
但是,现有数控机床存在以下技术缺陷:
(1)现有机床冲孔完毕,通常需要后续检查才能知晓冲压件质量如何,现有技术中缺乏一种现场检验冲压件质量的方法和装置。
(2)工件在被冲孔或开槽时,通常不能通过多个角度获得其冲孔或开槽的照片信息,无法对冲孔或开槽质量进行充分检测和评估。
如图11所示,冲孔数控机床包括机架1,可以在机架1上移动的定位台3,定位台3将工件移动至钻头支架2的下方,钻头对工件进行冲孔。该冲孔数控机床自动化低,其需要人工将工件固定和限位在定位台3上,还需要人工将定位台3移动至钻头支架2的下方,并且冲孔的工件质量检测还需要人工进行肉眼检测,大大影响了冲孔效率以及冲孔的质量。
发明内容
本发明设计了一种数控机床及其控制方法,其解决的技术问题是:为了解决上述存在的技术问题,本发明采用了以下方案:(1)现有机床冲孔完毕,通常需要后续检查才能知晓冲压件质量如何,现有技术中缺乏一种现场检验冲压件质量的方法和装置。(2)工件在被冲孔或开槽时,通常不能通过多个角度获得其冲孔或开槽的照片信息,无法对冲孔或开槽质量进行充分检测和评估。
为了解决上述存在的技术问题,本发明采用了以下方案:
一种数控机床,包括机床操作台,在机床操作台设有能够移动的活动工作台,工件通过夹紧限位机构固定在活动工作台上,在机床操作台还设有切割检测支架,切割检测支架上安装有切割装置和检测装置,其特征在于:工件能够旋转为切割装置提供不同的切割或开槽角度;或/和,工件能够旋转为检测装置提供不同的检测角度。
一种全自动冲孔数控机床,包括机架和自动冲孔钻头,在机架上设有能够移动的定位台,所述定位台通过夹紧限位装置将冲孔工件进行固定,其特征在于:还包括控制单元,所述控制单元控制驱动机构使得所述定位台向自动冲孔钻头下方移动,并且在上述移动过程中所述夹紧限位装置将冲孔工件依次进行夹紧和限位。
一种环保型全自动冲孔数控机床,包括工作台,工件放置在工作台上,工件周围设有挡屑板,工件上方设有钻头支架,钻头装置在钻头支架进行水平方向移动或垂直方向移动,还包括可移动的金属碎屑去除装置,工件被钻头装置冲孔时,金属碎屑去除装置移动至工件的上方产生的负压将工件冲孔产生的金属碎屑吸附;当工件未被钻头装置作用时,金属碎屑去除装置移动至工件的下方输出清洗水将收集的金属碎屑以及工作台上的金属碎屑冲洗至收集箱中。
一种多功能冲孔装置,包括基座、第一安装座和第二安装座,在第一安装座安装打孔机构,第一安装座开有左凹槽,第二安装座开有右凹槽,基座内壁上连接CCD相机,第一安装座和第二安装座在驱动装置作用下靠近形成为一体时,左凹槽与右凹槽组合形成安装腔,CCD相机位于安装腔中避免打孔机构工作时产生的金属粉尘或弹起的碎屑对CCD相机的影响;第一安装座和第二安装座在传动机构作用下分离时,CCD相机暴露在第一安装座和第二安装座之间的空间对下方加工完的零件进行图像采样从而判断加工质量是否合格。
该数控机床及其控制方法具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明检测装置与工件旋转机构相互配合,产生多个不同的 图像采集视角,因而可以更加精准的判断冲孔或开槽质量,提高数控机床加工工件的良品率。
(2)本发明检测装置具有腔体开启机构,其在切割装置工作时自动关闭,避免金属粉尘对CCD相机的毁损,同时在切割装置不工作时,通过切割装置上移避免视野阻挡的同时,自动开启腔体,使得CCD相机可以自动的采集图像。
(3)本发明工件旋转机构不仅仅可以配合检测装置使用,也可以配合切割装置使用,可以使得在工件上制作出更加复杂的槽或孔。
(4)本发明通过一个驱动装置使得冲孔工件的左右夹紧、上下限位以及水平移动同步进行,因而改变了传统人工操作的模式,大大节省了人力参与,并且能够使得夹紧、限位以及移动全自动实现,适用于高精度部件的加工,也可以达到智能制造的要求。
(5)本发明通过设置钻头与图像检测机构切换装置,实现冲孔完毕之后无需离开工作台就可以对冲孔质量进行检测,并且在冲孔质量不达标时,可以立即进行返工,大大节省时间,并且理论上可以确保每个工件的冲孔质量达标。
(6)本发明通过设置钻头与图像检测机构切换装置,并且还使得CCD相机具有盖体保护,避免冲孔产生的金属灰尘进入到CCD相机中,影响CCD相机的使用寿命,也避免金属灰尘对图像采集的干扰。
(7)本发明可移动的金属碎屑去除装置能够对工件上下方的金属碎屑进行清除,不仅仅可以对工件表面的金属碎屑进行收集,避免打孔时产生的碎屑和粉尘对人体产生伤害,而且在钻头装置不工作时,移动至工件下方,通过清洗水冲刷的方式把散落在机床上的碎屑以及吸附进去的碎屑进行清除,保证工作台上的清洁。
(8)本发明CCD相机与钻头装置相互配合,在钻头装置工作时,CCD位于上方,避免钻头工作对相机的影响,在CCD相机工作时,钻头装置位于上方避免其对CCD相机的图像采集的影响和干扰,并且还有自动开启和关闭的滑动滑盖起到保护CCD相机免受碎屑和粉尘的影响。
(9)本发明控制方法不仅仅使得打孔和金属碎屑收集同步,还使得机床冲洗与图像检测孔径质量同步,完全实现了打孔、碎屑收集清洗以及质检的自动进行。
(10)本发明控制方法在孔径质量不达标时,还可以重复进行冲孔,即发现产生质量时及时纠正错误,改变过去需要全部打孔完再进行质量检测,确保了产品良率。
(11)本发明将检测装置隐藏在零件的夹具中,并且也将打孔机构和切削液输出机构与夹具进行结合,使得上下料、冲孔以及检测通过一个装置即可实现,节省了设备的使用,节省了数控机床的使用空间,也起到节能减排的目的。
(12)本发明不仅仅可以单独设立检测步骤,也可以将检测步骤与下料步骤同步进行,节省了时间,提高了生产效率。
附图说明
图1:本发明数控机床的立体结构示意图;
图2:图1的A处局部放大示意图;
图3:本发明数控机床的切割装置工作状态示意图;
图4:本发明数控机床的切割装置开启检测装置固定腔体示意图;
图5:图3中腔体开启结构未接触活动门示意图;
图6:图5中两个活动门关闭的示意图;
图7:图4中腔体开启机构打开活动门示意图;
图8:图7的仰视图;
图9:本发明中活动门的复位结构示意图;
图10:本发明切割装置与切割检测支架的支撑结构示意图。
附图标记说明:
1—机床操作台;11—第一电机;12—滑槽;13—丝杆;14—螺纹滑块;2—活动工作台;3—第一夹紧限位机构;4—第二夹紧限位机构;5—切割检测支架;51—环形框架;6—切割装置;61—第二电机;62—齿轮;63—限位槽;64—齿条;65—旋转切割刀具;66—弹簧;7— 检测装置;70—第一活动门;701—第一下斜面;702—第一复位弹簧;703—第一垂直连接部;71—第二活动门;711—第二下斜面;712—第二复位弹簧;713—第二垂直连接部;72—驱动块;73—环形连接支架;74—上斜面;75—CCD相机。
图11:现有技术中的冲孔数控机床的立体结构示意图;
图12:本发明全自动冲孔数控机床的夹紧装置第一种实施例示意图;
图13:本发明全自动冲孔数控机床的夹紧限位装置第一工作示意图;
图14:图13中第一夹紧限位装置的传动示意图;
图15:图13中第二夹紧限位装置的传动示意图;
图16:本发明全自动冲孔数控机床的夹紧限位装置第二工作示意图;
图17:图16中第一夹紧限位装置的传动示意图;
图18:图16中第二夹紧限位装置的传动示意图;
图19:本发明全自动冲孔数控机床的第二种实施例示意图;
图20:本发明中钻头与图像检测机构切换装置示意图;
图21:图20将图像检测机构旋转于下方时的左视图;
图22:图21的仰视图;
图23:图22中的盖体结构示意图。
附图标记说明:
1—机架;11—轨道;2—钻头支架;3—定位台;31—夹紧机构移动槽;4—第一驱动电机;40—双向丝杆;41—第一螺纹滑套;411—第一支撑部;412—第一垂直夹紧部;413—第一移动限位部;42—第二螺纹滑套;421—第二支撑部;422—第二垂直夹紧部;423—第二移动限位部;5—冲孔工件;51—受力块;52—限位块;53—传动齿轮;54—下齿条;55—上齿条;56—第一复位弹簧;57—第一滚轮;58—第二滚轮;6—第二驱动电机;61—转轴;62—旋转体;63—第一轴承; 64—第二轴承;65—第一安装腔;66—第二安装腔;661—滑杆;662—第二复位弹簧;67—盖体;671—限位滑槽;68—第一推杆;69—第二推杆。
图24:本发明环保型全自动冲孔数控机床的立体结构示意图;
图25:图24中的局部放大示意图;
图26:本发明中金属碎屑去除装置的结构示意图;
图27:图26中金属碎屑去除装置的移动复位机构示意图;
图28:本发明中金属碎屑去除装置吸附工件表面碎屑示意图;
图29:本发明中金属碎屑去除装置对机床工作台上的碎屑冲洗示意图;
图30:本发明中金属碎屑去除装置的结构示意图;
图31:本发明中钻头实施例1的工作示意图;
图32:本发明中图像检测机构实施例1的工作示意图;
图33:本发明中钻头实施例2的工作示意图;
图34:本发明中图像检测机构实施例2的工作示意图;
图35:图34中移动滑盖位置示意图。
附图标记说明:
1—工作台;2—钻头支架;3—工件;4—挡屑板;5—金属碎屑去除装置;51—基座;52—除屑管;53—连接管;54—固定槽;55—负压吸附软管;56—清洗水软管;57—滤网;6—移动复位机构;61—空腔;62—弹簧;63—下限位板;64—上限位板;7—抬升凸轮;71—转轴;72—电机;81—左夹紧装置;82—右夹紧装置;83—第一气缸;84—第二气缸;91—CCD相机安装腔;911—导向杆;912—弹簧;92—第一齿条;93—移动滑盖;94—安装座;95—齿轮;96—第二齿条;97—钻头安装座;98—电磁铁;99—钻头装置。
图36是本发明多功能冲孔装置第一工作示意图;
图37是本发明多功能冲孔装置第二工作示意图;
图38是本发明多功能冲孔装置第三工作示意图。
附图标记说明:
1—基座;11—左滑轨;12—右滑轨;2—气缸;21—T型气缸杆;22—第一左传动件;23—第一右传动件;24—第二左传动件;25—第二右传动件;26—第一轴;27—第二轴;28—第一扇形齿轮;29—第二扇形齿轮;3—第一安装座;31—左凹槽;32—左移动齿条;4—第二安装座;41—右凹槽;42—右移动齿条;5—CCD相机;6—打孔机构;7—切削液输出机构。
具体实施方式
下面结合图1至图38,对本发明做进一步说明:
实施例1:
如图1所示,一种数控机床,包括机床操作台1,在机床操作台1设有能够移动的活动工作台2,工件通过夹紧限位机构固定在活动工作台2上,在机床操作台1还设有切割检测支架5,切割检测支架5上安装有切割装置6和检测装置7,工件能够旋转为切割装置6提供不同的切割或开槽角度;或/和,工件能够旋转为检测装置7提供不同的检测角度。
夹紧限位机构包括第一夹紧限位机构3和第二夹紧限位机构4,工件夹紧在第一夹紧限位机构3和第二夹紧限位机构4之间,第一夹紧限位机构3与第一转轴一端固定连接,第一转轴通过第一轴承与第一安装支架连接,第一转轴另一端被电机驱动旋转,第二夹紧限位机构4与第二转轴一端固定连接,第二转轴另一端通过第二轴承与第二安装支架连接,第一夹紧限位机构3的旋转带动第二夹紧限位机构4的同步旋转。
如图2所示,活动工作台2通过水平位移机构实现水平方向的移动,水平位移机构包括第一电机11、丝杆13和螺纹滑块14,机床操作台1上设有延伸到切割检测支架5下方的滑槽12,滑槽12中设有丝杆13,丝杆13一端与第一电机11连接,丝杆13另一端与支撑轴承连接,活动工作台2底部设有螺纹滑块14,螺纹滑块14与丝杆13配合, 第一电机11使得丝杆13旋转时,螺纹滑块14带着活动工作台2沿着丝杆13轴向移动。
如图3和图4所示,切割装置6工作时,检测装置7的保护腔关闭避免开槽或冲孔产生的金属碎屑对CCD相机75造成损害;切割装置6停止工作后向上移动避免阻挡检测装置7的视野,其向上移动过程通过腔体开启机构开启检测装置7的活动门,使得保护腔中CCD相机75能够采集到其下方工件上的开槽或冲孔图像信息。
切割检测支架5还包括都是垂直设置的齿条64和限位槽63,切割装置6夹持在齿条64和限位槽63之间,切割装置6与齿轮62连接,齿轮62与齿条64啮合,安装在切割装置6上的第二电机61通过传动机构使得齿轮62旋转,从而使得切割装置6沿着齿条64延伸方向移动。
腔体开启机构包括驱动块72和环形连接支架73,环形连接支架73两端与切割装置6的两侧壁连接,驱动块72与环形连接支架73连接,切割装置6垂直移动时会带着驱动块72垂直移动,环形连接支架73形成开口结构能够使得检测装置7从中通行;驱动块72顶部设有两个上斜面74,对应地,在保护腔底部设有第一活动门70和第二活动门71,第一活动门70边缘处设有第一下斜面701,第一下斜面701上方没有保护腔的阻挡,第二活动门71边缘处设有第二下斜面711,第二下斜面711上方也没有保护腔的阻挡;两个上斜面74向上移动过程中分别作用第一下斜面701和第二下斜面711,从而使得第一活动门70和第二活动门71反向水平移动逐渐开启保护腔,如图5-8所示。
如图9所示,第一活动门70上设有第一垂直连接部703,第二活动门71设有第二垂直连接部713,第一垂直连接部703与保护腔内壁通过第一复位弹簧702连接,第二垂直连接部713与保护腔内壁通过第二复位弹簧712连接,保护腔关闭时,第一垂直连接部703与第二垂直连接部713通过两个复位弹簧的作用抵接,当驱动块72推开第一活动门70和第二活动门71时,两个复位弹簧被压缩。
如图10所示,切割检测支架5形成的切割装置6垂直通道边缘处存在环形框架51,环形框架与切割装置6的支撑部设有弹簧66,弹簧能够保护切割装置不会脱离切割检测支架5。
本发明数控机床的控制方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将工件固定在第一夹紧限位机构3和第二夹紧限位机构4之间;
S2、控制单元启动第一电机使得活动工作台2上的工件移动至预定位置;
S3、控制单元启动切割装置6水平移动至预定位置,切割装置6的切割部件在伸缩机构的帮助下向下作用工件形成槽A或冲孔A;
S4、伸缩机构将切割装置6的切割部件复位;
S5、控制单元启动第二电机,切割装置6向上移动避免阻挡检测装置7的视野,其向上移动过程通过腔体开启机构开启检测装置7的活动门,使得保护腔中CCD相机75能够采集到其下方工件上的开槽A或冲孔A图像信息;
S6、控制单元将开槽A或冲孔A图像与预设参数进行第一次比对,判断开槽或冲孔质量是否合格;
S7、控制单元判断第一次比对结果为合格时,启动电机,使得工件与活动工作台2形成夹角A,保护腔中CCD相机75再次采集开槽A或冲孔A的图像信息;
S8、控制单元将开槽A或冲孔A图像与预设参数进行第二次比对,判断开槽A或冲孔A质量是否合格;
S9、控制单元判断第二次比对结果为合格时,终止检测;或者启动电机,使得工件与活动工作台2形成夹角B,保护腔中CCD相机75再次采集开槽A或冲孔A的图像信息,控制单元将开槽A或冲孔A图像与预设参数进行第三次比对,判断开槽A或冲孔A质量是否合格,依次类推,直至满足预设多角度检测。
步骤S3中,完成槽A或冲孔A后,启动电机,使得工件与活动工 作台2形成夹角A,切割装置6的切割部件在伸缩机构的帮助下向下作用工件槽A或冲孔A进一步加工。
实施例2:
下面结合图11至图23,对本发明做进一步说明:
一种全自动冲孔数控机床,包括机架1和自动冲孔钻头,在机架1上设有能够移动的定位台3,定位台3通过夹紧限位装置将冲孔工件5进行固定,还包括控制单元,控制单元控制驱动机构使得定位台3向自动冲孔钻头下方移动,并且在上述移动过程中夹紧限位装置将冲孔工件5依次进行夹紧和限位。
驱动机构包括第一驱动电机4和双向丝杆40,双向丝杆40由两段旋向相反的螺纹杆组成,第一驱动电机4驱动双向丝杆40旋转,双向丝杆40的两段旋向相反的螺纹分别连接第一螺纹滑套41和第二螺纹滑套42,第一螺纹滑套41与第一夹紧机构连接,第二螺纹滑套42与第二夹紧机构连接,第一夹紧机构与第二夹紧机构沿着双向丝杆40轴向相向移动时将冲孔工件5逐渐夹紧。
如图2所示,第一夹紧机构包括第一支撑部411和第一垂直夹紧部412,第一支撑部411与第一螺纹滑套41固定连接,第一垂直夹紧部412与第一支撑部411形成直角连接结构;第二夹紧机构包括第二支撑部421和第二垂直夹紧部422,第二支撑部421与第二螺纹滑套42固定连接,第二垂直夹紧部422与第二支撑部421形成直角连接结构;第一垂直夹紧部412与第二支撑部421相向移动时使得冲孔工件5两侧面被夹紧。
如图13、14、16和17所示,第一夹紧机构还包括第一移动限位部413,第一移动限位部413连接在第一垂直夹紧部412上方,第一移动限位部413与第一垂直夹紧部412设有连通的空腔,第一移动限位部413的上空腔中设有能够进出的限位块52;第一垂直夹紧部412的下空腔中设有受力块51,受力块51通过第一复位弹簧56与第一垂直夹紧部412下空腔内壁连接,受力块51在第一复位弹簧56作用下能 够伸出第一垂直夹紧部412,受力块51也能够被冲孔工件5作用完全回到第一垂直夹紧部412中;受力块51设有下齿条54,限位块52设有上齿条55,上齿条55通过传动齿轮53与下齿条54啮合,传动齿轮53通过转轴与上空腔或下空腔内壁连接;冲孔工件5将受力块51推回第一垂直夹紧部412中并被第一垂直夹紧部412夹持,而且也使得限位块52伸出将冲孔工件5限定在限位块52与第一支撑部411之间。
如图13、15、16和18所示,第二夹紧机构还包括第二移动限位部423,第二移动限位部423连接在第二垂直夹紧部422上方,第二移动限位部423与第二垂直夹紧部422设有连通的空腔,第二移动限位部423的上空腔中设有能够进出的限位块52;第二垂直夹紧部412的下空腔中设有受力块51,受力块51通过第二复位弹簧56与第二垂直夹紧部422下空腔内壁连接,受力块51在第二复位弹簧56作用下能够伸出第二垂直夹紧部422,受力块51也能够被冲孔工件5作用完全回到第二垂直夹紧部422中;受力块51设有下齿条54,限位块52设有上齿条55,上齿条55通过传动齿轮53与下齿条54啮合,传动齿轮53通过转轴与上空腔或下空腔内壁连接;冲孔工件5将受力块51推回第二垂直夹紧部422中并被第二垂直夹紧部422夹持,而且也使得限位块52伸出将冲孔工件5限定在限位块52与第二支撑部421之间。
如图19所示,双向丝杆40没有设置螺纹的两端设有第一滚轮57和第二滚轮58,双向丝杆40通过轴承与定位台3的安装孔连接,旋转的第一滚轮57和第二滚轮58共同将定位台3及其夹紧的冲孔工件5在机架1上平移。
机架1上设有两条平行设置的轨道11,第一滚轮57和第二滚轮58分别被限定在一个轨道11中移动。
如图20和图21所示,钻头与图像检测机构切换装置包括第二驱动电机6、第一安装腔65和第二安装腔66,第二驱动电机6的转轴61与旋转体62连接,旋转体62下部与第一安装腔65连接,旋转体62上部与第二安装腔66连接,第一安装腔65中安装自动冲孔钻头,第 二安装腔66安装CCD相机采集冲孔的形状数据;第二驱动电机6使得自动冲孔钻头旋转至下方,自动冲孔钻头自身能够伸缩对冲孔工件5冲出不同深度的孔径。可以配合限位装置,使得自动冲孔钻头始终保持垂直。
第二驱动电机6使得CCD相机旋转至下方,CCD相机采集孔径的直径以及深度数据并且传输至控制单元判断孔径的质量。可以配合限位装置,使得CCD相机始终保持垂直。
第二安装腔66设有盖体67,盖体67起到保护CCD相机不使用或旋转至上方时免受的金属粉尘的损害。第二驱动电机6的转轴61一端通过第一轴承63与钻头支架的安装孔连接,第二驱动电机6的转轴61另一端与第二轴承64连接,第一轴承63不转动的外圈与第一推杆68连接,第二轴承64不转动的外圈与第二推杆69连接,第一安装腔65以及第二安装腔66的宽度能够从第一推杆68与第二推杆69之间通行,盖体67的宽度不能从第一推杆68与第二推杆69之间通行。如图13所示,盖体67上设有限位滑槽671,第二安装腔66的开口处对应设有滑杆661,滑杆661位于限位滑槽671中,当第一推杆68与第二推杆69推动盖体67时,滑杆661与限位滑槽671配合确保盖体67能够离开第二安装腔66的开口但不会分离。
盖体67与第二安装腔66之间设有第二复位弹簧662使得盖体67不被第一推杆68与第二推杆69作用时,能够重新覆盖住第二安装腔66的开口,如图12所示。
滑杆661与限位滑槽671可以存在一定的弧度,确保当第一推杆68与第二推杆69推动盖体67时,盖体67不会卡死。
钻头支架能够水平移动或/和垂直移动从而带着自动冲孔钻头和CCD相机移动。
本发明全自动冲孔数控机床的控制方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将冲孔工件5放置在第一夹紧机构和第二夹紧机构上;
S2、控制单元启动第一驱动电机4,第一夹紧机构和第二夹紧机构 相向移动并且靠近冲孔工件5,第一滚轮57和第二滚轮58滚动使得定位台3和冲孔工件5向钻头支架2下方移动;
S3、当定位台3移动至钻头支架2下方时,冲孔工件5将受力块51推入第一垂直夹紧部412中,限位块52伸出将冲孔工件5限定在限位块52与第一支撑部411之间;同样地,冲孔工件5将受力块51推入第二垂直夹紧部422中,限位块52伸出将冲孔工件5限定在限位块52与第二支撑部421之间;
S4、启动第二驱动电机6,使得自动冲孔钻头旋转至下方;
S5、控制单元控制自动冲孔钻头工作对冲孔工件5进行冲孔;
S6、冲孔完毕,等待空气中的金属粉尘降低至预设值时;
S7、再次启动第二驱动电机6,使得当第一推杆68与第二推杆69推开盖体67,CCD相机旋转至下方并且能够采集孔径的直径以及深度数据并且传输至控制单元判断孔径的质量;
S8、控制单元如果判断孔径质量不达标,重复S4-S7。
实施例3:
下面结合图24至图35,对本发明做进一步说明:
如图24所示,一种环保型全自动冲孔数控机床,包括工作台1,工件3放置在工作台1上,工件3周围设有挡屑板4,工件3上方设有钻头支架2,钻头装置99在钻头支架2上进行水平方向移动或垂直方向移动,还包括可移动的金属碎屑去除装置5,工件3被钻头装置99冲孔时,金属碎屑去除装置5移动至工件3的上方产生的负压将工件3冲孔产生的金属碎屑吸附;当工件3未被钻头装置99作用时,金属碎屑去除装置5移动至工件3的下方输出清洗水将收集的金属碎屑以及工作台1上的金属碎屑冲洗至收集箱中。
如图25-26所示,金属碎屑去除装置5包括基座51,基座51上设有多个固定槽54,每个固定槽54设有一除屑管52,除屑管52产生吸附金属碎屑的负压或输出清洗液。
如图27所示,基座51两端分别通过一移动复位机构6与挡屑板4 连接,移动复位机构6包括下限位板63、上限位板64以及弹簧62,下限位板63与基座51连接,上限位板64与挡屑板4连接,下限位板63和上限位板64之间设有空腔61,弹簧62两端分别与下限位板63和上限位板64连接;当抬升凸轮7放下基座51,弹簧62收缩将基座51带回原始位置。
如图28和图29所示,基座51未被第一驱动装置作用时,除屑管52位于工件3下方能够将工件3与工作台1之间空隙的金属碎屑进行冲洗;基座51被第一驱动装置作用升高时,除屑管52位于工件3上方通过负压对工件3冲孔产生的金属碎屑进行吸附。
第一驱动装置包括电机72、转轴71以及抬升凸轮7,电机72通过转轴71与抬升凸轮7连接,抬升凸轮7旋转过程中能够将基座51抬起或放下。
工件3左侧被左夹紧装置81夹持,工件3右侧被右夹紧装置82夹持,左夹紧装置81被第一气缸83作用,右夹紧装置82被第二气缸84作用。
如图30所示,多个除屑管52通过连接管53连通,连接管53通过负压吸附软管55与风机连接,连接管53还通过清洗水软管56与水泵连接,除屑管52设有的滤网57将工件3冲孔产生的金属碎屑收集。负压吸附软管55上设有阀门,清洗水软管56上也设有阀门,使得负压吸附软管55与清洗水软管56相互可以独立工作。
如图31和图32所示,钻头装置99安装在钻头安装座97上,CCD相机安装腔91通过安装座94与钻头安装座97连接;安装座94与钻头支架2连接能够在第三驱动装置作用下水平方向或垂直方向移动,CCD相机安装腔91中CD相机能够采集孔径的直径以及深度数据并且传输至控制单元判断工件3上的孔径质量;钻头安装座97与CCD相机安装腔91通过第二驱动装置实现反向移动,钻头装置99向下移动时,CCD相机向上移动避免钻头装置99产生的金属碎屑对其损害;钻头装置99向上移动时,CCD相机向下靠近工件3上的孔径获得孔径信息。
第二驱动装置包括第一齿条92、第二齿条96和齿轮95,第一齿条92固定在CCD相机安装腔91上,第二齿条96固定在钻头安装座97上,齿轮95安装在安装座94上并且与第二电机传动连接。
安装座94底部设有电磁铁98,对应的CCD相机安装腔91开口处设有倾斜设置的移动滑盖93,移动滑盖93能够被限位在CCD相机安装腔91开口并且能够相对于CCD相机安装腔91的开口移动;当CCD相机安装腔91移动至最上端时,电磁铁98工作将磁性的移动滑盖93吸附并且关闭CCD相机安装腔91的开口;当CCD相机安装腔91向下移动时,电磁铁98关闭,移动滑盖93在自身重力的作用斜向滑动自动打开CCD相机安装腔91开口,使得CCD相机能够采集孔径的直径以及深度数据。
为了确保移动滑盖93的倾斜直线移动,在CCD相机安装腔91开口出设有导向杆911,移动滑盖93对应设有直线的导向槽。
如图32-图35所示,安装座94底部设有电磁铁98,对应的CCD相机安装腔91开口处设有水平设置的移动滑盖93,移动滑盖93能够被限位在CCD相机安装腔91开口并且能够相对于CCD相机安装腔91的开口移动;当CCD相机安装腔91移动至最上端时,电磁铁98工作将磁性的移动滑盖93吸附并且关闭CCD相机安装腔91的开口;当CCD相机安装腔91向下移动时,电磁铁98关闭,移动滑盖93在弹簧912的作用水平滑动自动打开CCD相机安装腔91开口,使得CCD相机能够采集孔径的直径以及深度数据。
弹簧912一端与CCD相机安装腔91内壁连接,弹簧912另一端与移动滑盖93连接。为了确保移动滑盖93的直线移动,在CCD相机安装腔91开口处设有导向杆911,移动滑盖93对应设有直线的导向槽。
上述两种实施例区别:前者是利用倾斜设置的移动滑盖93自身重力实现自动开启CCD相机安装腔91,而后者是水平设置的移动滑盖93通过弹簧912实现自动开启CCD相机安装腔91。
本发明环保型全自动冲孔数控机床的控制原理,包括以下步骤:
S1、将工件3固定在左夹紧装置81和右夹紧装置82之间;
S2、控制单元将钻头支架2水平移动至打孔位置;
S3、控制单元使得钻头装置99下降,CCD相机安装腔91上升并且关闭开口;
S4、钻头装置99向下移动对工件3进行打孔;
S5、基座51被第一驱动装置作用升高时,除屑管52位于工件3上方通过负压对工件3冲孔产生的金属碎屑进行吸附,金属碎屑被滤网收集;
S6、钻头装置99完成打孔向上移动,CCD相机安装腔91开启,CCD相机向下靠近工件3上的孔径获得孔径信息;基座51不再被第一驱动装置作用时,除屑管52下降位于工件3下方能够将工件3与工作台1之间空隙的金属碎屑进行冲洗,同时也把滤网上的金属碎屑冲出;
S7、如果孔径信息符合预设要求,控制单元重复S2-S6对下一个冲孔位置进行打孔,依次循环直至所有打孔点被打完;如果孔径信息不符合预设要求,再次重复S3-S6步骤直至孔径信息符合预设要求,如果CCD相机检测N次,N≥2,依然孔径信息不符合预设要求,控制单元启动报警装置并且暂停数控机床。
实施例4:
下面结合图36至图38,对本发明做进一步说明:
一种多功能冲孔装置,包括基座1、第一安装座3和第二安装座4,在第一安装座3安装打孔机构6,第一安装座3开有左凹槽31,第二安装座4开有右凹槽41,基座1内壁上连接CCD相机5。
如图36所示,第一安装座3和第二安装座4在驱动装置作用下靠近形成为一体时,左凹槽31与右凹槽41组合形成安装腔,CCD相机5位于安装腔中避免打孔机构6工作时产生的金属粉尘对CCD相机5的影响。
如图37-38所示,第一安装座3和第二安装座4在传动机构作用下分离时,CCD相机5暴露在第一安装座3和第二安装座4之间的空间 对下方加工完的零件进行图像采样从而判断加工质量是否合格。
如图36和图37所示,第一安装座3设有左移动齿条32,第一扇形齿轮28的环套安装在基座1的第一轴26上,第一扇形齿轮28旋转过程中通过齿传动的方式能够使得左移动齿条32在水平方向往复运动;第二安装座4设有右移动齿条42,第二扇形齿轮29的环套安装在基座1的第二轴27上,第二扇形齿轮29旋转过程中通过齿传动的方式能够使得右移动齿条42在水平方向往复运动;左移动齿条32与右移动齿条42相向运动或反向运动。
驱动装置包括气缸2,气缸2具有T型气缸杆21,T型气缸杆21一端与第一左传动件22的一端铰接,第一左传动件22的另一端与第二左传动件24一端铰接,第二左传动件24另一端与第一扇形齿轮28的环套连接;T型气缸杆21另一端与第一右传动件23的一端铰接,第一右传动件23的另一端与第二右传动件25一端铰接,第二右传动件25另一端与第二扇形齿轮29的环套连接;T型气缸杆21向前移动时,第一安装座3和第二安装座4反向移动;T型气缸杆21向后移动时,第一安装座3和第二安装座4相向移动。
多功能冲孔装置设有横向移动机构X轴、纵向移动机构Y轴以及垂直移动机构Z轴,使得多功能冲孔装置能够自由移动。基座1上设有左滑轨11和右滑轨12,第一安装座3被限位在左滑轨11上能够沿着左滑轨11延伸方向移动,第二安装座4被限位在右滑轨12上并且能够沿着右滑轨12延伸方向移动。
如图38所示,打孔机构6能够进出第一安装座3的腔体中,从而使得零件加工完毕后,第一安装座3和第二安装座4相互靠近能够实现对零件夹取。切削液输出机构7输出的切削液能够对打孔机构6进行冷却和润滑,切削液输出机构7安装在第二安装座4上并且进出第二安装座4的腔体中。
本发明数控机床的控制方法,数控机床使用了所述的多功能冲孔装置,包括以下步骤:
步骤1、启动气缸2,使得第一安装座3和第二安装座4连接成一体,左凹槽31与右凹槽41组合形成安装腔,CCD相机5位于安装腔中避免打孔机构6工作时产生的金属粉尘或弹起的碎屑对CCD相机5的影响。
步骤2、启动打孔机构6和切削液输出机构7,多功能冲孔装置通过垂直移动机构向下移动对零件进行打孔,切削液输出机构7输出的切削液对打孔机构6的刀头进行冷却和润滑。
步骤3、打孔完毕,关闭打孔机构6和切削液输出机构7,多功能冲孔装置通过垂直移动机构向上移动。
步骤4、再次启动气缸2,第一安装座3和第二安装座4在传动机构作用下分离时,CCD相机5暴露在第一安装座3和第二安装座4之间的空间对下方加工完的零件进行图像采样从而判断加工质量是否合格。
步骤5、打孔机构6缩进第一安装座3的腔体中,切削液输出机构7缩进第二安装座4的腔体中。
步骤6、多功能冲孔装置通过垂直移动机构向下移动,使得加工完的零件位于第一安装座3和第二安装座4之间。
步骤7、启动气缸2,使得第一安装座3和第二安装座4相向移动将加工好的零件夹紧。
步骤8、控制横向移动机构X轴、纵向移动机构Y轴以及垂直移动机构Z轴,使得所述多功能冲孔装置移动至下料区域,将加工完的零件放下。
上述控制方法包括8个步骤,将检测步骤单独设立一个步骤,这种模式会导致时间增加,导致生产效率低下,为了节省时间,通过提高生产效率,还可以把检测环节防止在下料过程中同步进行。
本发明数控机床的控制方法,数控机床使用了所述的多功能冲孔装置,包括以下步骤:
步骤1、启动气缸2,使得第一安装座3和第二安装座4连接成一体,左凹槽31与右凹槽41组合形成安装腔,CCD相机5位于安装腔中避免打孔机构6工作时产生的金属粉尘或弹起的碎屑对CCD相机5的 影响。
步骤2、启动打孔机构6和切削液输出机构7,多功能冲孔装置通过垂直移动机构向下移动对零件进行打孔,切削液输出机构7输出的切削液对打孔机构6的刀头进行冷却和润滑。
步骤3、打孔完毕,关闭打孔机构6和切削液输出机构7,打孔机构6缩进第一安装座3的腔体中,切削液输出机构7缩进第二安装座4的腔体中。
步骤4、启动气缸2,第一安装座3和第二安装座4在传动机构作用下分离。
步骤5、多功能冲孔装置通过垂直移动机构向下移动,使得加工完的零件位于第一安装座3和第二安装座4之间。
步骤6、再次启动气缸2,使得第一安装座3和第二安装座4相向移动将加工好的零件夹紧。
步骤7、控制横向移动机构X轴、纵向移动机构Y轴以及垂直移动机构Z轴,使得所述多功能冲孔装置移动至下料区域,将加工完的零件放下。
在步骤5-7中任何一个或多个步骤中,CCD相机5暴露在第一安装座3和第二安装座4之间的空间并且对下方加工完的零件进行图像采样从而判断加工质量是否合格。
上面结合附图对本发明进行了示例性的描述,显然本发明的实现并不受上述方式的限制,只要采用了本发明的方法构思和技术方案进行的各种改进,或未经改进将本发明的构思和技术方案直接应用于其它场合的,均在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (40)

  1. 一种数控机床,包括机床操作台(1),在机床操作台(1)设有能够移动的活动工作台(2),工件通过夹紧限位机构固定在活动工作台(2)上,在机床操作台(1)还设有切割检测支架(5),切割检测支架(5)上安装有切割装置(6)和检测装置(7),其特征在于:工件能够旋转为切割装置(6)提供不同的切割或开槽角度;或/和,工件能够旋转为检测装置(7)提供不同的检测角度。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的数控机床,其特征在于:夹紧限位机构包括第一夹紧限位机构(3)和第二夹紧限位机构(4),工件夹紧在第一夹紧限位机构(3)和第二夹紧限位机构(4)之间,第一夹紧限位机构(3)与第一转轴一端固定连接,第一转轴通过第一轴承与第一安装支架连接,第一转轴另一端被电机驱动旋转,第二夹紧限位机构(4)与第二转轴一端固定连接,第二转轴另一端通过第二轴承与第二安装支架连接,第一夹紧限位机构(3)的旋转带动第二夹紧限位机构(4)的同步旋转。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的数控机床,其特征在于:切割装置(6)工作时,检测装置(7)的保护腔关闭避免开槽或冲孔产生的金属碎屑对CCD相机(75)造成损害;切割装置(6)停止工作后向上移动避免阻挡检测装置(7)的视野,其向上移动过程通过腔体开启机构开启检测装置(7)的活动门,使得保护腔中CCD相机(75)能够采集到其下方工件上的开槽或冲孔图像信息。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的数控机床,其特征在于:腔体开启机构包括驱动块(72)和环形连接支架(73),环形连接支架(73)两端与切割装置(6)的两侧壁连接,驱动块(72)与环形连接支架(73)连接,切割装置(6)垂直移动时会带着驱动块(72)垂直移动,环形连接支架(73)形成开口结构能够使得检测装置(7)从中通行;驱动 块(72)顶部设有两个上斜面(74),对应地,在保护腔底部设有第一活动门(70)和第二活动门(71),第一活动门(70)边缘处设有第一下斜面(701),第一下斜面(701)上方没有保护腔的阻挡,第二活动门(71)边缘处设有第二下斜面(711),第二下斜面(711)上方也没有保护腔的阻挡;两个上斜面(74)向上移动过程中分别作用第一下斜面(701)和第二下斜面(711),从而使得第一活动门(70)和第二活动门(71)反向水平移动逐渐开启保护腔。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的数控机床,其特征在于:第一活动门(70)上设有第一垂直连接部(703),第二活动门(71)设有第二垂直连接部(713),第一垂直连接部(703)与保护腔内壁通过第一复位弹簧(702)连接,第二垂直连接部(713)与保护腔内壁通过第二复位弹簧(712)连接,保护腔关闭时,第一垂直连接部(703)与第二垂直连接部(713)通过两个复位弹簧的作用抵接,当驱动块(72)推开第一活动门(70)和第二活动门(71)时,两个复位弹簧被压缩。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的数控机床,其特征在于:切割检测支架(5)还包括都是垂直设置的齿条(64)和限位槽(63),切割装置(6)夹持在齿条(64)和限位槽(63)之间,切割装置(6)与齿轮(62)连接,齿轮(62)与齿条(64)啮合,安装在切割装置(6)上的第二电机(61)通过传动机构使得齿轮(62)旋转,从而使得切割装置(6)沿着齿条(64)延伸方向移动。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的数控机床,其特征在于:切割检测支架(5)形成的切割装置(6)垂直通道边缘处存在环形框架(51),环形框架与切割装置(6)的支撑部设有弹簧(66),弹簧能够保护切割装置不会脱离切割检测支架(5)。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7中任何一项所述的数控机床,其特征在于:活动工作台(2)通过水平位移机构实现水平方向的移动,水平位移机构包括第一电机(11)、丝杆(13)和螺纹滑块(14),机床操作台(1)上设有延伸到切割检测支架(5)下方的滑槽(12),滑槽(12) 中设有丝杆(13),丝杆(13)一端与第一电机(11)连接,丝杆(13)另一端与支撑轴承连接,活动工作台(2)底部设有螺纹滑块(14),螺纹滑块(14)与丝杆(13)配合,第一电机(11)使得丝杆(13)旋转时,螺纹滑块(14)带着活动工作台(2)沿着丝杆(13)轴向移动。
  9. 一种权利要求4-8中任何一项数控机床的控制方法,包括以下步骤:
    S1、将工件固定在第一夹紧限位机构(3)和第二夹紧限位机构(4)之间;
    S2、控制单元启动第一电机使得活动工作台(2)上的工件移动至预定位置;
    S3、控制单元启动切割装置(6)水平移动至预定位置,切割装置(6)的切割部件在伸缩机构的帮助下向下作用工件形成开槽A或冲孔A;
    S4、伸缩机构将切割装置(6)的切割部件复位;
    S5、控制单元启动第二电机,切割装置(6)向上移动避免阻挡检测装置(7)的视野,其向上移动过程通过腔体开启机构开启检测装置(7)的活动门,使得保护腔中CCD相机(75)能够采集到其下方工件上的开槽A或冲孔A图像信息;
    S6、控制单元将开槽A或冲孔A图像与预设参数进行第一次比对,判断开槽或冲孔质量是否合格;
    S7、控制单元判断第一次比对结果为合格时,启动电机,使得工件与活动工作台(2)形成夹角A,保护腔中CCD相机(75)再次采集开槽A或冲孔A的图像信息;
    S8、控制单元将开槽A或冲孔A图像与预设参数进行第二次比对,判断开槽A或冲孔A质量是否合格;
    S9、控制单元判断第二次比对结果为合格时,终止检测;或者启动电机,使得工件与活动工作台(2)形成夹角B,保护腔中CCD相机 (75)再次采集开槽A或冲孔A的图像信息,控制单元将开槽A或冲孔A图像与预设参数进行第三次比对,判断开槽A或冲孔A质量是否合格,依次类推,直至满足预设多角度检测。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的数控机床的控制方法,其特征在于:步骤S3中,完成槽A或冲孔A后,启动电机,使得工件与活动工作台(2)形成夹角A,切割装置(6)的切割部件在伸缩机构的帮助下向下作用工件槽A或冲孔A进一步加工。
  11. 一种全自动冲孔数控机床,包括机架(1)和自动冲孔钻头,在机架(1)上设有能够移动的定位台(3),所述定位台(3)通过夹紧限位装置将冲孔工件(5)进行固定,其特征在于:还包括控制单元,所述控制单元控制驱动机构使得所述定位台(3)向自动冲孔钻头下方移动,并且在上述移动过程中所述夹紧限位装置将冲孔工件(5)依次进行夹紧和限位。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的全自动冲孔数控机床,其特征在于:所述驱动机构包括第一驱动电机(4)和双向丝杆(40),所述双向丝杆(40)由两段旋向相反的螺纹杆组成,第一驱动电机(4)驱动双向丝杆(40)旋转,双向丝杆(40)的两段旋向相反的螺纹分别连接第一螺纹滑套(41)和第二螺纹滑套(42),第一螺纹滑套(41)与第一夹紧机构连接,第二螺纹滑套(42)与第二夹紧机构连接,所述第一夹紧机构与所述第二夹紧机构沿着所述双向丝杆(40)轴向相向移动时将冲孔工件(5)逐渐夹紧;双向丝杆(40)没有设置螺纹的两端设有第一滚轮(57)和第二滚轮(58),所述双向丝杆(40)通过轴承与所述定位台(3)的安装孔连接,旋转的第一滚轮(57)和第二滚轮(58)共同将所述定位台(3)及其夹紧的冲孔工件(5)在所述机架(1)上平移。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的全自动冲孔数控机床,其特征在于:机架(1)上设有两条平行设置的轨道(11),第一滚轮(57)和第二滚轮(58)分别被限定在一个轨道(11)中移动。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的全自动冲孔数控机床,其特征在于:第一夹紧机构包括第一支撑部(411)和第一垂直夹紧部(412),第一支撑部(411)与第一螺纹滑套(41)固定连接,第一垂直夹紧部(412)与第一支撑部(411)形成直角连接结构;
    第二夹紧机构包括第二支撑部(421)和第二垂直夹紧部(422),第二支撑部(421)与第二螺纹滑套(42)固定连接,第二垂直夹紧部(422)与第二支撑部(421)形成直角连接结构;
    第一垂直夹紧部(412)与第二支撑部(421)相向移动时使得冲孔工件(5)两侧面被夹紧。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的全自动冲孔数控机床,其特征在于:第一夹紧机构还包括第一移动限位部(413),第一移动限位部(413)连接在第一垂直夹紧部(412)上方,第一移动限位部(413)与第一垂直夹紧部(412)设有连通的空腔,第一移动限位部(413)的上空腔中设有能够进出的限位块(52);
    第一垂直夹紧部(412)的下空腔中设有受力块(51),受力块(51)通过第一复位弹簧(56)与第一垂直夹紧部(412)下空腔内壁连接,受力块(51)在第一复位弹簧(56)作用下能够伸出第一垂直夹紧部(412),受力块(51)也能够被冲孔工件(5)作用完全回到第一垂直夹紧部(412)中;
    受力块(51)设有下齿条(54),限位块(52)设有上齿条(55),上齿条(55)通过传动齿轮(53)与下齿条(54)啮合,传动齿轮(53)通过转轴与上空腔或下空腔内壁连接;
    冲孔工件(5)将受力块(51)推回第一垂直夹紧部(412)中并被第一垂直夹紧部(412)夹持,而且也使得限位块(52)伸出将冲孔工件(5)限定在限位块(52)与第一支撑部(411)之间。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的全自动冲孔数控机床,其特征在于:第二夹紧机构还包括第二移动限位部(423),第二移动限位部(423)连接在第二垂直夹紧部(422)上方,第二移动限位部(423)与第二 垂直夹紧部(422)设有连通的空腔,第二移动限位部(423)的上空腔中设有能够进出的限位块(52);
    第二垂直夹紧部(412)的下空腔中设有受力块(51),受力块(51)通过第二复位弹簧(56)与第二垂直夹紧部(422)下空腔内壁连接,受力块(51)在第二复位弹簧(56)作用下能够伸出第二垂直夹紧部(422),受力块(51)也能够被冲孔工件(5)作用完全回到第二垂直夹紧部(422)中;
    受力块(51)设有下齿条(54),限位块(52)设有上齿条(55),上齿条(55)通过传动齿轮(53)与下齿条(54)啮合,传动齿轮(53)通过转轴与上空腔或下空腔内壁连接;
    冲孔工件(5)将受力块(51)推回第二垂直夹紧部(422)中并被第二垂直夹紧部(422)夹持,而且也使得限位块(52)伸出将冲孔工件(5)限定在限位块(52)与第二支撑部(421)之间。
  17. 根据权利要求11-16中任何一项所述的全自动冲孔数控机床,其特征在于:还包括钻头与图像检测机构切换装置,其包括第二驱动电机(6)、第一安装腔(65)和第二安装腔(66),第二驱动电机(6)的转轴(61)与旋转体(62)连接,旋转体(62)下部与第一安装腔(65)连接,旋转体(62)上部与第二安装腔(66)连接,第一安装腔(65)中安装自动冲孔钻头,第二安装腔(66)安装CCD相机采集冲孔的形状数据;第二驱动电机(6)使得自动冲孔钻头旋转至下方,自动冲孔钻头自身能够伸缩对冲孔工件(5)冲出不同深度的孔径;第二驱动电机(6)使得CCD相机旋转至下方,CCD相机采集孔径的直径以及深度数据并且传输至控制单元判断孔径的质量。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的全自动冲孔数控机床,其特征在于:第二安装腔(66)设有盖体(67),盖体(67)起到保护CCD相机不使用或旋转至上方时免受金属粉尘的损害;第二驱动电机(6)的转轴(61)一端通过第一轴承(63)与钻头支架的安装孔连接,第二驱动电机(6)的转轴(61)另一端与第二轴承(64)连接,第一轴承(63) 不转动的外圈与第一推杆(68)连接,第二轴承(64)不转动的外圈与第二推杆(69)连接,第一安装腔(65)以及第二安装腔(66)的宽度能够从第一推杆(68)与第二推杆(69)之间通行,盖体(67)的宽度不能从第一推杆(68)与第二推杆(69)之间通行,盖体(67)上设有限位滑槽(671),第二安装腔(66)的开口处对应设有滑杆(661),滑杆(661)位于限位滑槽(671)中,当第一推杆(68)与第二推杆(69)推动盖体(67)时,滑杆(661)与限位滑槽(671)配合确保盖体(67)能够离开第二安装腔(66)的开口但不会分离,盖体(67)与第二安装腔(66)之间设有第二复位弹簧(662)使得盖体(67)不被第一推杆(68)与第二推杆(69)作用时,能够重新覆盖住第二安装腔(66)的开口。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的全自动冲孔数控机床,其特征在于:钻头支架能够水平移动或/和垂直移动从而带着自动冲孔钻头和CCD相机移动。
  20. 一种全自动冲孔数控机床的控制方法,包括以下步骤:
    S1、将冲孔工件(5)放置在第一夹紧机构和第二夹紧机构上;
    S2、控制单元启动第一驱动电机(4),第一夹紧机构和第二夹紧机构相向移动并且靠近冲孔工件(5),第一滚轮(57)和第二滚轮(58)滚动使得定位台(3)向钻头支架(2)下方移动;
    S3、当定位台(3)移动至钻头支架(2)下方时,冲孔工件(5)将受力块(51)推入第一垂直夹紧部(412)中,限位块(52)伸出将冲孔工件(5)限定在限位块(52)与第一支撑部(411)之间;同样地,冲孔工件(5)将受力块(51)推入第二垂直夹紧部(422)中,限位块(52)伸出将冲孔工件(5)限定在限位块(52)与第二支撑部(421)之间;
    S4、启动第二驱动电机(6),使得自动冲孔钻头旋转至下方;
    S5、控制单元控制自动冲孔钻头工作对冲孔工件(5)进行冲孔;
    S6、冲孔完毕,等待空气中的金属粉尘降低至预设值时;
    S7、再次启动第二驱动电机(6),使得第一推杆(68)与第二推杆(69)推开盖体(67),CCD相机旋转至下方并且能够采集孔径的直径以及深度数据并且传输至控制单元判断孔径的质量;
    或者,
    S1、将冲孔工件(5)放置在第一夹紧机构和第二夹紧机构上;
    S2、控制单元启动第一驱动电机(4),第一夹紧机构和第二夹紧机构相向移动并且靠近冲孔工件(5),第一滚轮(57)和第二滚轮(58)滚动使得定位台(3)和冲孔工件(5)向钻头支架(2)下方移动;
    S3、当定位台(3)移动至钻头支架(2)下方时,冲孔工件(5)将受力块(51)推入第一垂直夹紧部(412)中,限位块(52)伸出将冲孔工件(5)限定在限位块(52)与第一支撑部(411)之间;同样地,冲孔工件(5)将受力块(51)推入第二垂直夹紧部(422)中,限位块(52)伸出将冲孔工件(5)限定在限位块(52)与第二支撑部(421)之间;
    S4、启动第二驱动电机(6),使得自动冲孔钻头旋转至下方;
    S5、控制单元控制自动冲孔钻头工作对冲孔工件(5)进行冲孔;
    S6、冲孔完毕,等待空气中的金属粉尘降低至预设值时;
    S7、再次启动第二驱动电机(6),使得第一推杆(68)与第二推杆(69)推开盖体(67),CCD相机旋转至下方并且能够采集孔径的直径以及深度数据并且传输至控制单元判断孔径的质量;
    S8、控制单元如果判断孔径质量不达标,重复S4-S7。
  21. 一种环保型全自动冲孔数控机床,包括工作台(1),工件(3)放置在工作台(1)上,工件(3)周围设有挡屑板(4),工件(3)上方设有钻头支架(2),钻头装置(99)在钻头支架(2)上进行水平方向移动或垂直方向移动,其特征在于:还包括可移动的金属碎屑去除装置(5),工件(3)被钻头装置(99)冲孔时,金属碎屑去除装置(5)移动至工件(3)的上方产生的负压将工件(3)冲孔产生的金属碎屑吸附;当工件(3)未被钻头装置(99)作用时,金属碎屑去 除装置(5)移动至工件(3)的下方输出清洗水将收集的金属碎屑以及工作台(1)上的金属碎屑冲洗至收集箱中。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的环保型全自动冲孔数控机床,其特征在于:所述金属碎屑去除装置(5)包括基座(51),基座(51)上设有多个固定槽(54),每个固定槽(54)设有一除屑管(52),除屑管(52)产生吸附金属碎屑的负压或输出清洗液;基座(51)未被第一驱动装置作用时,除屑管(52)位于工件(3)下方能够将工件(3)与工作台(1)之间空隙的金属碎屑进行冲洗;基座(51)被第一驱动装置作用升高时,除屑管(52)位于工件(3)上方通过负压对工件(3)冲孔产生的金属碎屑进行吸附。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的环保型全自动冲孔数控机床,其特征在于:第一驱动装置包括电机(72)、转轴(71)以及抬升凸轮(7),电机(72)通过转轴(71)与抬升凸轮(7)连接,抬升凸轮(7)旋转过程中能够将基座(51)抬起或放下。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的环保型全自动冲孔数控机床,其特征在于:基座(51)两端分别通过一移动复位机构(6)与挡屑板(4)连接,移动复位机构(6)包括下限位板(63)、上限位板(64)以及弹簧(62),下限位板(63)与基座(51)连接,上限位板(64)与挡屑板(4)连接,下限位板(63)和上限位板(64)之间设有空腔(61),弹簧(62)两端分别与下限位板(63)和上限位板(64)连接;当抬升凸轮(7)放下基座(51),弹簧(62)收缩将基座(51)带回原始位置。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的环保型全自动冲孔数控机床,其特征在于:多个除屑管(52)通过连接管(53)连通,连接管(53)通过负压吸附软管(55)与风机连接,连接管(53)还通过清洗水软管(56)与水泵连接,除屑管(52)设有的滤网(57)将工件(3)冲孔产生的金属碎屑收集。
  26. 根据权利要求25所述的环保型全自动冲孔数控机床,其特征 在于:工件(3)左侧被左夹紧装置(81)夹持,工件(3)右侧被右夹紧装置(82)夹持,左夹紧装置(81)被第一气缸(83)作用,右夹紧装置(82)被第二气缸(84)作用。
  27. 根据权利要求21-26中任何一项所述的环保型全自动冲孔数控机床,其特征在于:钻头装置(99)安装在钻头安装座(97)上,CCD相机安装腔(91)通过安装座(94)与钻头安装座(97)连接;安装座(94)与钻头支架(2)连接能够在第三驱动装置作用下水平方向或垂直方向移动,CCD相机安装腔(91)中CD相机能够采集孔径的直径以及深度数据并且传输至控制单元判断工件(3)上的孔径质量;钻头安装座(97)与CCD相机安装腔(91)通过第二驱动装置实现反向移动,钻头装置(99)向下移动时,CCD相机向上移动避免钻头装置(99)产生的金属碎屑对其损害;钻头装置(99)向上移动时,CCD相机向下靠近工件(3)上的孔径获得孔径信息。
  28. 根据权利要求27所述的环保型全自动冲孔数控机床,其特征在于:第二驱动装置包括第一齿条(92)、第二齿条(96)和齿轮(95),第一齿条(92)固定在CCD相机安装腔(91)上,第二齿条(96)固定在钻头安装座(97)上,齿轮(95)安装在安装座(94)上并且与第二电机传动连接。
  29. 根据权利要求28所述的环保型全自动冲孔数控机床,其特征在于:安装座(94)底部设有电磁铁(98),对应的CCD相机安装腔(91)开口处设有倾斜设置的移动滑盖(93),移动滑盖(93)能够被限位在CCD相机安装腔(91)开口并且能够相对于CCD相机安装腔(91)的开口移动;当CCD相机安装腔(91)移动至最上端时,电磁铁(98)工作将磁性的移动滑盖(93)吸附并且关闭CCD相机安装腔(91)的开口;当CCD相机安装腔(91)向下移动时,电磁铁(98)关闭,移动滑盖(93)在自身重力的作用斜向滑动自动打开CCD相机安装腔(91)开口,使得CCD相机能够采集孔径的直径以及深度数据;
    或者,
    安装座(94)底部设有电磁铁(98),对应的CCD相机安装腔(91)开口处设有水平设置的移动滑盖(93),移动滑盖(93)能够被限位在CCD相机安装腔(91)开口并且能够相对于CCD相机安装腔(91)的开口移动;当CCD相机安装腔(91)移动至最上端时,电磁铁(98)工作将磁性的移动滑盖(93)吸附并且关闭CCD相机安装腔(91)的开口;当CCD相机安装腔(91)向下移动时,电磁铁(98)关闭,移动滑盖(93)在弹簧(912)的作用水平滑动自动打开CCD相机安装腔(91)开口,使得CCD相机能够采集孔径的直径以及深度数据。
  30. 一种权利要求29所述环保型全自动冲孔数控机床的控制方法,包括以下步骤:
    S1、将工件(3)固定在左夹紧装置(81)和右夹紧装置(82)之间;
    S2、控制单元将钻头支架(2)水平移动至打孔位置;
    S3、控制单元使得钻头装置(99)下降,CCD相机安装腔(91)上升并且关闭开口;
    S4、钻头装置(99)向下移动对工件(3)进行打孔;
    S5、基座(51)被第一驱动装置作用升高时,除屑管(52)位于工件(3)上方通过负压对工件(3)冲孔产生的金属碎屑进行吸附,金属碎屑被滤网收集;
    S6、钻头装置(99)完成打孔向上移动,CCD相机安装腔(91)开启,CCD相机向下靠近工件(3)上的孔获得孔径信息;基座(51)不再被第一驱动装置作用时,除屑管(52)下降位于工件(3)下方能够将工件(3)与工作台(1)之间空隙的金属碎屑进行冲洗,同时也把滤网上的金属碎屑冲出;
    S7、如果孔径信息符合预设要求,控制单元重复S2-S6对下一个冲孔位置进行打孔,依次循环直至所有打孔点被打完;如果孔径信息不符合预设要求,再次重复S3-S6步骤直至孔径信息符合预设要求,如果CCD相机检测N次,N≥2,依然孔径信息不符合预设要求,控制 单元启动报警装置并且暂停数控机床。
  31. 一种多功能冲孔装置,其特征在于:包括基座(1)、第一安装座(3)和第二安装座(4),在第一安装座(3)安装打孔机构(6),第一安装座(3)开有左凹槽(31),第二安装座(4)开有右凹槽(41),基座(1)内壁上连接CCD相机(5),第一安装座(3)和第二安装座(4)在驱动装置作用下靠近形成为一体时,左凹槽(31)与右凹槽(41)组合形成安装腔,CCD相机(5)位于安装腔中避免打孔机构(6)工作时产生的金属粉尘或弹起的碎屑对CCD相机(5)的影响;第一安装座(3)和第二安装座(4)在传动机构作用下分离时,CCD相机(5)暴露在第一安装座(3)和第二安装座(4)之间的空间对下方加工完的零件进行图像采样从而判断加工质量是否合格。
  32. 根据权利要求31所述的多功能冲孔装置,其特征在于:打孔机构(6)能够进出第一安装座(3)的腔体中,从而使得零件加工完毕后,第一安装座(3)和第二安装座(4)相互靠近能够实现对零件夹取。
  33. 根据权利要求32所述的多功能冲孔装置,其特征在于:还包括切削液输出机构(7),切削液输出机构(7)输出的切削液能够对打孔机构(6)进行冷却和润滑,切削液输出机构(7)安装在第二安装座(4)上并且进出第二安装座(4)的腔体中。
  34. 根据权利要求33所述的多功能冲孔装置,其特征在于:第一安装座(3)设有左移动齿条(32),第一扇形齿轮(28)的环套安装在基座(1)的第一轴(26)上,第一扇形齿轮(28)旋转过程中通过齿传动的方式能够使得左移动齿条(32)在水平方向往复运动;第二安装座(4)设有右移动齿条(42),第二扇形齿轮(29)的环套安装在基座(1)的第二轴(27)上,第二扇形齿轮(29)旋转过程中通过齿传动的方式能够使得右移动齿条(42)在水平方向往复运动;左移动齿条(32)与右移动齿条(42)相向运动或反向运动。
  35. 根据权利要求34所述的多功能冲孔装置,其特征在于:驱动 装置包括气缸(2),气缸(2)具有T型气缸杆(21),T型气缸杆(21)一端与第一左传动件(22)的一端铰接,第一左传动件(22)的另一端与第二左传动件(24)一端铰接,第二左传动件(24)另一端与第一扇形齿轮(28)的环套连接;T型气缸杆(21)另一端与第一右传动件(23)的一端铰接,第一右传动件(23)的另一端与第二右传动件(25)一端铰接,第二右传动件(25)另一端与第二扇形齿轮(29)的环套连接;T型气缸杆(21)向前移动时,第一安装座(3)和第二安装座(4)反向移动;T型气缸杆(21)向后移动时,第一安装座(3)和第二安装座(4)相向移动。
  36. 根据权利要求35所述的多功能冲孔装置,其特征在于:所述多功能冲孔装置设有横向移动机构(X轴)、纵向移动机构(Y轴)以及垂直移动机构(Z轴),使得所述多功能冲孔装置能够自由移动;
    或者,基座(1)上设有左滑轨(11)和右滑轨(12),第一安装座(3)被限位在左滑轨(11)上能够沿着左滑轨(11)延伸方向移动,第二安装座(4)被限位在右滑轨(12)上并且能够沿着右滑轨(12)延伸方向移动。
  37. 一种数控机床,其特征在于:包括权利要求31-36中任何一项所述的多功能冲孔装置。
  38. 一种数控机床的控制方法,数控机床使用了权利要求36所述的多功能冲孔装置,包括以下步骤:
    步骤1、启动气缸(2),使得第一安装座(3)和第二安装座(4)连接成一体,左凹槽(31)与右凹槽(41)组合形成安装腔,CCD相机(5)位于安装腔中避免打孔机构(6)工作时产生的金属粉尘或弹起的碎屑对CCD相机(5)的影响;
    步骤2、启动打孔机构(6)和切削液输出机构(7),多功能冲孔装置通过垂直移动机构向下移动对零件进行打孔,切削液输出机构(7)输出的切削液对打孔机构(6)的刀头进行冷却和润滑;
    步骤3、打孔完毕,关闭打孔机构(6)和切削液输出机构(7), 多功能冲孔装置通过垂直移动机构向上移动;
    步骤4、再次启动气缸(2),第一安装座(3)和第二安装座(4)在传动机构作用下分离时,CCD相机(5)暴露在第一安装座(3)和第二安装座(4)之间的空间对下方加工完的零件进行图像采样从而判断加工质量是否合格。
  39. 根据权利要求38所述的数控机床的控制方法,其特征在于:
    步骤5、打孔机构(6)缩进第一安装座(3)的腔体中,切削液输出机构(7)缩进第二安装座(4)的腔体中;
    步骤6、多功能冲孔装置通过垂直移动机构向下移动,使得加工完的零件位于第一安装座(3)和第二安装座(4)之间;
    步骤7、启动气缸(2),使得第一安装座(3)和第二安装座(4)相向移动将加工好的零件夹紧;
    步骤8、控制横向移动机构(X轴)、纵向移动机构(Y轴)以及垂直移动机构(Z轴),使得所述多功能冲孔装置移动至下料区域,将加工完的零件放下。
  40. 一种数控机床的控制方法,数控机床使用了权利要求36所述的多功能冲孔装置,包括以下步骤:
    步骤1、启动气缸(2),使得第一安装座(3)和第二安装座(4)连接成一体,左凹槽(31)与右凹槽(41)组合形成安装腔,CCD相机(5)位于安装腔中避免打孔机构(6)工作时产生的金属粉尘或弹起的碎屑对CCD相机(5)的影响;
    步骤2、启动打孔机构(6)和切削液输出机构(7),多功能冲孔装置通过垂直移动机构向下移动对零件进行打孔,切削液输出机构(7)输出的切削液对打孔机构(6)的刀头进行冷却和润滑;
    步骤3、打孔完毕,关闭打孔机构(6)和切削液输出机构(7),打孔机构(6)缩进第一安装座(3)的腔体中,切削液输出机构(7)缩进第二安装座(4)的腔体中;
    步骤4、启动气缸(2),第一安装座(3)和第二安装座(4)在 传动机构作用下分离;
    步骤5、多功能冲孔装置通过垂直移动机构向下移动,使得加工完的零件位于第一安装座(3)和第二安装座(4)之间;
    步骤6、再次启动气缸(2),使得第一安装座(3)和第二安装座(4)相向移动将加工好的零件夹紧;
    步骤7、控制横向移动机构(X轴)、纵向移动机构(Y轴)以及垂直移动机构(Z轴),使得所述多功能冲孔装置移动至下料区域,将加工完的零件放下;
    在步骤5-7中任何一个或多个步骤中,CCD相机(5)暴露在第一安装座(3)和第二安装座(4)之间的空间并且对下方加工完的零件进行图像采样从而判断加工质量是否合格。
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