WO2021039950A1 - 無機固体電解質含有組成物、全固体二次電池用シート及び全固体二次電池並びに、全固体二次電池用シート及び全固体二次電池の製造方法 - Google Patents
無機固体電解質含有組成物、全固体二次電池用シート及び全固体二次電池並びに、全固体二次電池用シート及び全固体二次電池の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2021039950A1 WO2021039950A1 PCT/JP2020/032527 JP2020032527W WO2021039950A1 WO 2021039950 A1 WO2021039950 A1 WO 2021039950A1 JP 2020032527 W JP2020032527 W JP 2020032527W WO 2021039950 A1 WO2021039950 A1 WO 2021039950A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- solid electrolyte
- group
- inorganic solid
- fluorine
- active material
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 406
- 229910003480 inorganic solid Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 320
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 283
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 58
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 258
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 245
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 218
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 160
- 239000002491 polymer binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 229920005596 polymer binder Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 213
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 141
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 137
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 124
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 122
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 106
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 83
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 74
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 23
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 12
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Chemical group CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphonic acid group Chemical group P(O)(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000005370 alkoxysilyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001841 imino group Chemical group [H]N=* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 claims description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical group OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003709 fluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005373 siloxane group Chemical group [SiH2](O*)* 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001261 isocyanato group Chemical group *N=C=O 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 259
- -1 lithium halide Chemical class 0.000 description 164
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 112
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 72
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 63
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 59
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 57
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 43
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 39
- XUPYJHCZDLZNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl butanoate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CCC XUPYJHCZDLZNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 34
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 34
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 34
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 30
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 28
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 28
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 27
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 25
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 25
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 24
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 22
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 19
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 18
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 18
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 description 17
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 17
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 16
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 16
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon carbon Chemical compound C.C CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 14
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 14
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 14
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 13
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- 150000001244 carboxylic acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 12
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 150000002221 fluorine Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 11
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 9
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910018091 Li 2 S Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000004770 chalcogenides Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 5
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- HXVNBWAKAOHACI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dimethyl-3-pentanone Chemical compound CC(C)C(=O)C(C)C HXVNBWAKAOHACI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PTTPXKJBFFKCEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methyl-4-heptanone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(=O)CC(C)C PTTPXKJBFFKCEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisopropyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)OC(C)C ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical class CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910018130 Li 2 S-P 2 S 5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010560 atom transfer radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 4
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000002296 dynamic light scattering Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- IIEWJVIFRVWJOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylcyclohexane Chemical compound CCC1CCCCC1 IIEWJVIFRVWJOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001317 nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical class [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000007824 aliphatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000000732 arylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002241 glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-M hexanoate Chemical compound CCCCCC([O-])=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 3
- PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lauryl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- GLNWILHOFOBOFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium sulfide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[S-2] GLNWILHOFOBOFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 3
- CYQAYERJWZKYML-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentasulfide Chemical compound S1P(S2)(=S)SP3(=S)SP1(=S)SP2(=S)S3 CYQAYERJWZKYML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000346 polystyrene-polyisoprene block-polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920006132 styrene block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000468 styrene butadiene styrene block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl-ethylene Natural products C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- APQXWKHOGQFGTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-9h-carbazole Chemical class C12=CC=CC=C2NC2=C1C=CC=C2C=C APQXWKHOGQFGTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IGGDKDTUCAWDAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-vinylnaphthalene Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(C=C)=CC=CC2=C1 IGGDKDTUCAWDAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ULQISTXYYBZJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ULQISTXYYBZJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RXGUIWHIADMCFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methylpropyl 2-methylpropionate Chemical compound CC(C)COC(=O)C(C)C RXGUIWHIADMCFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpentane-2,4-diol Chemical compound CC(O)CC(C)(C)O SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDXFIRXEAJABAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-tridecafluorooctyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F CDXFIRXEAJABAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCFAJYNVAYBARA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-heptanone Chemical compound CCCC(=O)CCC HCFAJYNVAYBARA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UGZAJZLUKVKCBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-sulfanylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound OCCCCCCS UGZAJZLUKVKCBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetamide Chemical compound CC(N)=O DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910015902 Bi 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical compound NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FFOPEPMHKILNIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropyl butyrate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OC(C)C FFOPEPMHKILNIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018251 LaSi 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910018119 Li 3 PO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001228 Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 (NCM 111) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) Chemical compound CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATHHXGZTWNVVOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylformamide Chemical compound CNC=O ATHHXGZTWNVVOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007877 V-601 Substances 0.000 description 2
- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical class C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 125000003647 acryloyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004442 acylamino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004423 acyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004450 alkenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000005103 alkyl silyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004390 alkyl sulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920005603 alternating copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004397 aminosulfonyl group Chemical group NS(=O)(=O)* 0.000 description 2
- 238000005280 amorphization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000005161 aryl oxy carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000005104 aryl silyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004391 aryl sulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000005110 aryl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000006664 bond formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003917 carbamoyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019241 carbon black Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000012986 chain transfer agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006037 cross link polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WJTCGQSWYFHTAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclooctane Chemical compound C1CCCCCCC1 WJTCGQSWYFHTAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004914 cyclooctane Substances 0.000 description 2
- YMNCCEXICREQQV-UHFFFAOYSA-L cyclopenta-1,3-diene;titanium(4+);dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ti+4].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 YMNCCEXICREQQV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- BGTOWKSIORTVQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCC1 BGTOWKSIORTVQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N decalin Chemical compound C1CCCC2CCCCC21 NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNLAOSYQHBDIKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M diethylaluminium chloride Chemical compound CC[Al](Cl)CC YNLAOSYQHBDIKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229940028356 diethylene glycol monobutyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N epsilon-caprolactam Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCN1 JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- WDAXFOBOLVPGLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl isobutyrate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)C WDAXFOBOLVPGLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycidyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC1CO1 VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RGFNRWTWDWVHDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyl butyrate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OCC(C)C RGFNRWTWDWVHDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001386 lithium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003701 mechanical milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1 UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- YWXLSHOWXZUMSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N octan-4-one Chemical compound CCCCC(=O)CCC YWXLSHOWXZUMSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- JCGNDDUYTRNOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolane-2,4-dione Chemical compound O=C1COC(=O)C1 JCGNDDUYTRNOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000005328 phosphinyl group Chemical group [PH2](=O)* 0.000 description 2
- 125000005499 phosphonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BWJUFXUULUEGMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl propan-2-yloxycarbonyloxy carbonate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)OOC(=O)OC(C)C BWJUFXUULUEGMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical group O=C1CCCN1 HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007155 step growth polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920002725 thermoplastic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinon Chemical compound CN1CCN(C)C1=O CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UVMBRRGVNABPCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenoxy-1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)OC=C UVMBRRGVNABPCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006219 1-ethylpentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound COCC(C)O ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001637 1-naphthyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229940114072 12-hydroxystearic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NOGFHTGYPKWWRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,6,6-tetramethyloxan-4-one Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(=O)CC(C)(C)O1 NOGFHTGYPKWWRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBASXUCJHJRPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound COCCOCCO SBASXUCJHJRPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SEILKFZTLVMHRR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethyl phosphate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOP([O-])([O-])=O SEILKFZTLVMHRR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WAEVWDZKMBQDEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-methoxypropoxy)propoxy]propan-1-ol Chemical compound COC(C)COC(C)COC(C)CO WAEVWDZKMBQDEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxyethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCO POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004182 2-chlorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(Cl)=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- AKRJXOYALOGLHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylheptan-4-one Chemical compound CCCC(=O)CC(C)C AKRJXOYALOGLHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IFVLZKSUYNTRHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate Chemical compound CC(C)COC(=O)C(C)(C)C IFVLZKSUYNTRHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000094 2-phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004105 2-pyridyl group Chemical group N1=C([*])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- URJIJZCEKHSLHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,10-heptadecafluorodecane-1-thiol Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)CCS URJIJZCEKHSLHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCAHUFWKIQLBNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3-methoxypropoxy)propan-1-ol Chemical compound COCCCOCCCO QCAHUFWKIQLBNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKIDEFUBRARXTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-mercaptopropanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCS DKIDEFUBRARXTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFNISBHGPNMTMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylideneoxolane-2,5-dione Chemical compound C=C1CC(=O)OC1=O OFNISBHGPNMTMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCIGYTFKOXGYTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-cyanopropyldiazenyl)butanenitrile Chemical compound N#CCCCN=NCCCC#N YCIGYTFKOXGYTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004172 4-methoxyphenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(OC([H])([H])[H])=C([H])C([H])=C1* 0.000 description 1
- NBPGPQJFYXNFKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-2-(4-methylpyridin-2-yl)pyridine Chemical group CC1=CC=NC(C=2N=CC=C(C)C=2)=C1 NBPGPQJFYXNFKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000339 4-pyridyl group Chemical group N1=C([H])C([H])=C([*])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004070 6 membered heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical group [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006596 Alder-ene reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical group [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKJADYKTJJGKDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl pentanoate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CCCC OKJADYKTJJGKDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical compound C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100433727 Caenorhabditis elegans got-1.2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920008712 Copo Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910015136 FeMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910005191 Ga 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910005557 Gd—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910005839 GeS 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 1
- WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxyethyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCO WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVRPFQGZHKZCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropyl 2-methylpropanoate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)C(C)C WVRPFQGZHKZCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910020797 La-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018092 Li 2 S-Al 2 S 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018127 Li 2 S-GeS 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018133 Li 2 S-SiS 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008745 Li2O-B2O3-P2O5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008590 Li2O—B2O3—P2O5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910009293 Li2S-GeS2-Ga2S3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910009290 Li2S-GeS2-P2S5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910009301 Li2S-P2S5-SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910009324 Li2S-SiS2-Li3PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910009326 Li2S-SiS2-Li4SiO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910009318 Li2S-SiS2-LiI Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910009331 Li2S-SiS2-P2S5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910009328 Li2S-SiS2—Li3PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910009353 Li2S—GeS2—Al2S3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910009108 Li2S—GeS2—Ga2S3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910009110 Li2S—GeS2—P2S5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910009102 Li2S—GeS2—Sb2S5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910009130 Li2S—GeS2—ZnS Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910009148 Li2S—Li2O—P2S5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910009142 Li2S—Li3PO4—P2S5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910009145 Li2S—LiI—Li2O—P2S5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910009181 Li2S—LiI—P2S5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910009284 Li2S—P2S5—SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910007282 Li2S—SiS2—Al2S3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910007295 Li2S—SiS2—Li3PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910007290 Li2S—SiS2—Li4SiO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910007289 Li2S—SiS2—LiI Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910007298 Li2S—SiS2—P2S5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012323 Li3.5Zn0.25GeO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012329 Li3BO3—Li2SO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012425 Li3Fe2 (PO4)3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010640 Li6BaLa2Ta2O12 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010093 LiAlO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013184 LiBO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910011281 LiCoPO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010701 LiFeP Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013641 LiNbO 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012752 LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015705 LiNi0.85Co0.10 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012305 LiPON Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012465 LiTi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OHLUUHNLEMFGTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylacetamide Chemical compound CNC(C)=O OHLUUHNLEMFGTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018098 Ni-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018529 Ni—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TYBCSQFBSWACAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nonan-4-one Chemical compound CCCCCC(=O)CCC TYBCSQFBSWACAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phthalic anhydride Natural products C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007320 Pinus strobus Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002396 Polyurea Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- AZFUASHXSOTBNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propyl 2-methylpropanoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(C)C AZFUASHXSOTBNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VKCLPVFDVVKEKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N S=[P] Chemical compound S=[P] VKCLPVFDVVKEKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910020346 SiS 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910005790 SnSiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DHXVGJBLRPWPCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydropyran Chemical group C1CCOCC1 DHXVGJBLRPWPCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Xylitol Natural products OCCC(O)C(O)C(O)CCO TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GEIAQOFPUVMAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO Inorganic materials [Zr]=O GEIAQOFPUVMAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTHKJEYUQSLYTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co]=O.[Ni].[Li] Chemical compound [Co]=O.[Ni].[Li] QTHKJEYUQSLYTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NFOVOLLZYFKJCK-UHFFFAOYSA-J [Fe+4].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O Chemical class [Fe+4].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O NFOVOLLZYFKJCK-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- YWJVFBOUPMWANA-UHFFFAOYSA-H [Li+].[V+5].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O Chemical compound [Li+].[V+5].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O YWJVFBOUPMWANA-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Al] Chemical compound [Li].[Al] JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGCCXYAKZKSSGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ni]=O.[Mn].[Li] Chemical compound [Ni]=O.[Mn].[Li] OGCCXYAKZKSSGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GLMOMDXKLRBTDY-UHFFFAOYSA-A [V+5].[V+5].[V+5].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O Chemical class [V+5].[V+5].[V+5].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GLMOMDXKLRBTDY-UHFFFAOYSA-A 0.000 description 1
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007259 addition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005090 alkenylcarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005193 alkenylcarbonyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004448 alkyl carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005196 alkyl carbonyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005087 alkynylcarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005198 alkynylcarbonyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004419 alkynylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000006615 aromatic heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001769 aryl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005129 aryl carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005199 aryl carbonyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052789 astatine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYXHOMYVWAEKHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N astatine atom Chemical compound [At] RYXHOMYVWAEKHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003236 benzoyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000001231 benzoyloxy group Chemical group C(C1=CC=CC=C1)(=O)O* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 1
- QNRMTGGDHLBXQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N buta-1,2-diene Chemical compound CC=C=C QNRMTGGDHLBXQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-difluorocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1CC1(F)F JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FCDMDSDHBVPGGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)(C)C FCDMDSDHBVPGGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004063 butyryl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005708 carbonyloxy group Chemical group [*:2]OC([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007156 chain growth polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrifluoroethylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)Cl UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013495 cobalt Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GIPIUENNGCQCIT-UHFFFAOYSA-K cobalt(3+) phosphate Chemical class [Co+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GIPIUENNGCQCIT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002482 conductive additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- CGZZMOTZOONQIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N cycloheptanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCC1 CGZZMOTZOONQIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PDXRQENMIVHKPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,1-diol Chemical compound OC1(O)CCCCC1 PDXRQENMIVHKPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001983 dialkylethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylene glycol Chemical compound OCCCOCCCO SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- WNAHIZMDSQCWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane-1-thiol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCS WNAHIZMDSQCWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010332 dry classification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002001 electrolyte material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003754 ethoxycarbonyl group Chemical group C(=O)(OCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- DWYMPOCYEZONEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L fluoridophosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(F)=O DWYMPOCYEZONEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroethene Chemical group FC=C XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XPFVYQJUAUNWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfuryl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CO1 XPFVYQJUAUNWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006232 furnace black Substances 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005087 graphitization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- GNOIPBMMFNIUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylphosphoric triamide Chemical compound CN(C)P(=O)(N(C)C)N(C)C GNOIPBMMFNIUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZFAVADMJZHASIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxymethyl butanoate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OCO ZFAVADMJZHASIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 1
- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical class [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- JSLCOZYBKYHZNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyric acid butyl ester Natural products CCCCOC(=O)C(C)C JSLCOZYBKYHZNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LRDFRRGEGBBSRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyronitrile Chemical compound CC(C)C#N LRDFRRGEGBBSRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229940024423 isopropyl isobutyrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N itaconic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VGYDTVNNDKLMHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;manganese;nickel;oxocobalt Chemical compound [Li].[Mn].[Ni].[Co]=O VGYDTVNNDKLMHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxonickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni]=O URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000040 m-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C(=C1[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000007578 melt-quenching technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N meso ribitol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cycloheptane Natural products CC1CCCCCC1 GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004170 methylsulfonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Propyl acetate Natural products CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJQAMHYHNCADNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methylpropanamide Chemical compound CCC(=O)NC QJQAMHYHNCADNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001038 naphthoyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)C(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011331 needle coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSGCRAOTEDLMFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonan-5-one Chemical compound CCCCC(=O)CCCC WSGCRAOTEDLMFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002801 octanoyl group Chemical group C(CCCCCCC)(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001117 oleyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])/C([H])=C([H])\C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YTBWYQYUOZHUKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxocobalt;oxonickel Chemical compound [Co]=O.[Ni]=O YTBWYQYUOZHUKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001820 oxy group Chemical group [*:1]O[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005740 oxycarbonyl group Chemical group [*:1]OC([*:2])=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001312 palmitoyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005010 perfluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011301 petroleum pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006678 phenoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003170 phenylsulfonyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)S(=O)(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- DPTATFGPDCLUTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphanylidyneiron Chemical class [Fe]#P DPTATFGPDCLUTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LFGREXWGYUGZLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoryl Chemical group [P]=O LFGREXWGYUGZLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- IUGYQRQAERSCNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pivalic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(O)=O IUGYQRQAERSCNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052699 polonium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HZEBHPIOVYHPMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N polonium atom Chemical compound [Po] HZEBHPIOVYHPMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001197 polyacetylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001281 polyalkylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012643 polycondensation polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940113115 polyethylene glycol 200 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001195 polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- PMFKTHJAJBPRNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)C(C)(C)C PMFKTHJAJBPRNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYVAMUWZEOHJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionic anhydride Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC(=O)CC WYVAMUWZEOHJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionitrile Chemical compound CCC#N FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001501 propionyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229940090181 propyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HUAZGNHGCJGYNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl butyrate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)CCC HUAZGNHGCJGYNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001226 reprecipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007151 ring opening polymerisation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003115 supporting electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004149 thio group Chemical group *S* 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000319 transition metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPDZOFFZSWSOSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoromethoxyethene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)OC=C FPDZOFFZSWSOSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZJJKWKADRNWSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxysilicon Chemical group CO[Si](OC)OC PZJJKWKADRNWSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vertaline Natural products C1C2C=3C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=3OC(C=C3)=CC=C3CCC(=O)OC1CC1N2CCCC1 PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010333 wet classification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000811 xylitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N xylitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010447 xylitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002675 xylitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
- H01M10/0562—Solid materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/10—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances sulfides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
- H01M10/0585—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
- H01M4/623—Binders being polymers fluorinated polymers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition, a sheet for an all-solid secondary battery and an all-solid secondary battery, and a method for manufacturing a sheet for an all-solid secondary battery and an all-solid secondary battery.
- the negative electrode, the electrolyte, and the positive electrode are all made of solid, and the safety and reliability, which are the problems of the battery using the organic electrolytic solution, can be greatly improved. It is also said that it will be possible to extend the service life. Further, the all-solid-state secondary battery can have a structure in which electrodes and electrolytes are directly arranged side by side and arranged in series. Therefore, it is possible to increase the energy density as compared with a secondary battery using an organic electrolytic solution, and it is expected to be applied to an electric vehicle, a large storage battery, or the like.
- Examples of the substance forming the constituent layers (solid electrolyte layer, negative electrode active material layer, positive electrode active material layer, etc.) in such an all-solid secondary battery include an inorganic solid electrolyte, an active material, and the like.
- this inorganic solid electrolyte particularly an oxide-based inorganic solid electrolyte and a sulfide-based inorganic solid electrolyte, is expected as an electrolyte material having high ionic conductivity approaching that of an organic electrolytic solution.
- a material for forming a constituent layer of an all-solid secondary battery (constituent layer forming material)
- a material containing the above-mentioned inorganic solid electrolyte and the like has been proposed.
- Patent Document 1 describes a slurry for a negative electrode for a sulfide-based solid-state battery containing at least a fluoropolymer containing a vinylidene fluoride monomer unit, a negative electrode active material, and a solvent or a dispersion medium. Described is a slurry for a negative electrode for a sulfide-based solid-state battery, characterized in that the content ratio of the fluorine-based copolymer is 1.4 to 2.2% by volume when the dry volume is 100% by volume. ..
- the constituent layer forming material is an all-solid secondary having the constituent layer formed thereby.
- the characteristics (dispersion stability) that stably maintain the excellent dispersibility of the solid particle material (also referred to as solid particles) immediately after preparation and the appropriate level.
- Dispersion characteristics that have viscosity and high fluidity and characteristics that maintain good surface properties (handleability) are required. Dispersion stability and handleability are considered to be one of the important factors in the relationship between the inorganic solid electrolyte and the like and the binder.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition having excellent dispersion stability and handleability. Further, the present invention provides a method for producing an all-solid-state secondary battery sheet and an all-solid-state secondary battery, and an all-solid-state secondary battery sheet and an all-solid-state secondary battery using this inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition. The challenge is to provide.
- the present inventors have made a polymer binder formed by containing an inorganic solid electrolyte and a specific fluoropolymer in an inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition with respect to the inorganic solid electrolyte. It has been found that by using a specific polymer binder having an adsorption rate of less than 60% in combination, it is possible to suppress an excessive increase in viscosity (thickening) as well as reaggregation or sedimentation of the inorganic solid electrolyte over time.
- this inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition as a constituent layer forming material, a sheet for an all-solid secondary battery having a flat coating surface, good surface properties, and a low resistance constituent layer, and further.
- a sheet for an all-solid secondary battery having a flat coating surface, good surface properties, and a low resistance constituent layer, and further.
- the present invention has been further studied based on these findings and has been completed.
- An inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition containing an inorganic solid electrolyte having conductivity of a metal belonging to Group 1 or Group 2 of the periodic table, a polymer binder, and a dispersion medium.
- the polymer binder contains a vinylidene fluoride component and a hexafluoropropylene component of 21 to 65 mol%, and contains a polymer binder composed of a fluorine-based copolymer having a tensile fracture strain of 500% or more.
- An inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition in which the adsorption rate of a polymer binder made of a fluorine-based copolymer to an inorganic solid electrolyte in the dispersion medium is less than 60%.
- a polymer binder composed of a fluorine-based copolymer is dissolved in a dispersion medium.
- ⁇ 4> The inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 3>, wherein the tensile fracture strain is 700% or more.
- ⁇ 5> The composition containing an inorganic solid electrolyte according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 4>, wherein the polymer binder made of a fluorine-based copolymer has a peel strength with respect to an aluminum foil of 0.1 N / mm or more. .. ⁇ 6>
- composition containing an inorganic solid electrolyte according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 6>, wherein the fluorine-based copolymer contains a component having a functional group selected from the following functional group group (a). Stuff.
- ⁇ 9> The inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 8>, wherein the polymer binder contains a particulate binder having an average particle size of 1 to 1000 nm.
- the polymer binder contains a binder made of a hydrocarbon polymer, a binder made of a (meth) acrylic polymer, or a polymer binder made of a vinyl polymer.
- Inorganic solid polymer-containing composition. ⁇ 11> The inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 10>, which contains an active material.
- ⁇ 12> The inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition according to ⁇ 11>, wherein the adsorption rate of the polymer binder made of a fluorine-based copolymer with respect to the active material is 90% or less.
- ⁇ 13> The inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 12>, which contains a conductive auxiliary agent.
- ⁇ 14> The composition containing an inorganic solid electrolyte according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 13>, wherein the inorganic solid electrolyte is a sulfide-based inorganic solid electrolyte.
- An all-solid-state secondary battery sheet having a layer composed of the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 14> above.
- An all-solid-state secondary battery including a positive electrode active material layer, a solid electrolyte layer, and a negative electrode active material layer in this order.
- the all-solid state in which at least one layer of the positive electrode active material layer, the solid electrolyte layer, and the negative electrode active material layer is a layer composed of the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 14>.
- ⁇ 17> A method for producing a sheet for an all-solid secondary battery, which forms a film of the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 14> above.
- ⁇ 18> A method for manufacturing an all-solid-state secondary battery, wherein the all-solid-state secondary battery is manufactured through the manufacturing method according to ⁇ 17> above.
- the present invention can provide an inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition having excellent dispersion characteristics such as dispersion stability and handleability (fluidity, surface property).
- the present invention can also provide an all-solid-state secondary battery sheet and an all-solid-state secondary battery having a layer composed of the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition.
- the present invention can provide a sheet for an all-solid-state secondary battery and a method for producing an all-solid-state secondary battery using this inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition.
- the numerical range represented by using "-" means a range including the numerical values before and after "-" as the lower limit value and the upper limit value.
- the indication of a compound is used to mean that the compound itself, its salt, and its ion are included.
- it is meant to include a derivative which has been partially changed, such as by introducing a substituent, as long as the effect of the present invention is not impaired.
- (meth) acrylic means one or both of acrylic and methacrylic. The same applies to (meth) acrylate.
- substituents for which substitution or non-substitution is not specified may have an appropriate substituent in the group. Therefore, in the present invention, even if it is simply described as a YYY group, this YYY group includes a mode having a substituent in addition to a mode having no substituent. This is also synonymous with compounds that do not specify substitution or no substitution.
- Preferred substituents include, for example, Substituent Z described later.
- the substituents or the like may be the same or different from each other. Means that.
- the polymer means a polymer, but is synonymous with a so-called polymer compound.
- the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition of the present invention contains an inorganic solid electrolyte having conductivity of metal ions belonging to Group 1 or Group 2 of the periodic table, a polymer binder, and a dispersion medium.
- the polymer binder contained in this inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition is a fluorine-based copolymer containing a vinylidene fluoride component and a hexafluoropropylene component, and is contained in the fluorine-based copolymer of the hexafluoropropylene component.
- One or more polymer binders formed of a fluoropolymer (sometimes simply referred to as a copolymer) having a content of 21 to 65 mol% and a tensile fracture strain of 500% or more.
- the composition containing an inorganic solid electrolyte of the present invention may contain a polymer binder (sometimes referred to as a fluorine-containing binder) made of the above-mentioned copolymer as a polymer binder with respect to the inorganic solid electrolyte and the dispersion medium.
- the content state and the like are not particularly limited.
- the polymer binder may or may not be adsorbed on the inorganic solid electrolyte, but if it is adsorbed, the degree may be within the range of the adsorption rate described later. ..
- This fluorine-containing binder is used between solid particles such as inorganic solid electrolytes (further, coexisting active substances and conductive aids) in a layer formed of at least an inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition (for example, inorganic solid electrolytes).
- Inorganic solid electrolyte and active material, active material functions as a binder. Furthermore, it may function as a binder that binds the current collector and the solid particles.
- the polymer binder may or may not have a function of binding solid particles to each other.
- the composition containing an inorganic solid electrolyte of the present invention is preferably a slurry in which the inorganic solid electrolyte is dispersed in a dispersion medium.
- the fluorine-containing binder preferably has a function of dispersing solid particles in the dispersion medium. Further, when the fluorine-containing binder is dispersed in the dispersion medium (in the solid state), a part of the fluorine-containing binder may be dissolved in the dispersion medium as long as the effect of the present invention is not impaired.
- the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition of the present invention is excellent in dispersion stability and handleability (fluidity, surface property).
- this inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition as a constituent layer forming material, an all-solid-state secondary battery sheet having a flat surface, excellent surface properties, and a low resistance constituent layer, and further excellent in cycle characteristics.
- An all-solid-state secondary battery can be realized.
- the active material layer formed on the current collector is formed by the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition of the present invention, strong adhesion between the current collector and the active material layer can also be realized, and the cycle The characteristics can be further improved.
- the above-mentioned action and effect include, in the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition of the present invention, a specific adsorption rate formed by a fluoropolymer containing the above-mentioned constituent components in a specific ratio and exhibiting a specific tensile fracture strain.
- a fluorine binder in combination with a dispersion medium and an inorganic solid electrolyte.
- the details of the reason are not yet clear, but it is considered that it is possible to improve the relationship between the inorganic solid electrolyte and the like and the binder in the composition containing the inorganic solid electrolyte and in the constituent layer.
- the inorganic solid electrolyte is formed of a fluorine-based copolymer containing a vinylidene fluoride component and a hexafluoropropylene component of 21 to 65 mol% and having a tensile fracture strain of 500% or more, and 60% with respect to the inorganic solid electrolyte.
- the fluorine-containing binder exhibiting an adsorption rate of less than is not excessively adsorbed on the inorganic solid electrolyte in the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition, and the inorganic solid electrolyte is not excessively adsorbed not only immediately after the preparation of the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition but also after aging.
- the fluorine-based copolymer can easily maintain the interaction of the inorganic solid electrolyte in the composition, and can act on the repulsive force between the fluorine atoms in the copolymer.
- a high degree of dispersibility immediately after preparation can be stably maintained (excellent in dispersion stability), and good fluidity is exhibited by suppressing an excessive increase in viscosity (excellent in handleability).
- the constituent layer is formed using the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition of the present invention exhibiting such excellent dispersion characteristics, when the constituent layer is formed (for example, when the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition is applied and when it is dried). ) Also, the generation of reaggregates or sediments of the inorganic solid electrolyte can be suppressed. As a result, it is possible to suppress variations in the contact state between the inorganic solid electrolytes in the constituent layers. In particular, when the composition containing an inorganic solid electrolyte contains an active material or the like, it is considered that specific particles of the active material or the like are less likely to be unevenly distributed in the constituent layer (solid particles are uniformly arranged in the constituent layer). ..
- the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition flows appropriately (leveling) during film formation of the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition, especially during coating, and the surface roughness of the unevenness due to insufficient flow or excessive flow occurs. It is a constituent layer with good surface properties without any problems (excellent surface properties on the coated surface). In this way, it is considered that an all-solid-state secondary battery sheet having a flat surface and a low resistance constituent layer can be realized.
- an all-solid-state secondary battery having a constituent layer having a flat surface while suppressing an increase in resistance is less likely to generate an overcurrent during charging and discharging, can prevent deterioration of solid particles, and is adjacent to the surface of the constituent layer.
- the interface contact state with other layers is good (high adhesion). Therefore, it is considered that an all-solid-state secondary battery having excellent cycle characteristics can be realized without significantly deteriorating the battery characteristics even if charging and discharging are repeated.
- the constituent layer is formed while maintaining a highly (uniform) dispersed state immediately after preparation. Therefore, the contact (adhesion) of the fluorine-containing binder to the current collector surface is not hindered by the preferentially precipitated solid particles, and the fluorine-containing binder comes into contact with the current collector surface in a dispersed state (adhesion) with the solid particles. It is thought that it can be in close contact. Further, the fluorine-based copolymer precipitated during the formation of the active material can be elongated in the active material layer without being cut to maintain the molecular structure.
- the electrode sheet for an all-solid-state secondary battery in which the active material layer is formed on the current collector with the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition of the present invention can realize strong adhesion between the current collector and the active material. Further, the all-solid-state secondary battery in which the active material layer is formed on the current collector with the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition of the present invention exhibits strong adhesion between the current collector and the active material, and further improves the cycle characteristics. Can be realized.
- the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition of the present invention is a material for forming a solid electrolyte layer or an active material layer of an all-solid secondary battery sheet (including an electrode sheet for an all-solid secondary battery) or an all-solid secondary battery. It can be preferably used as a constituent layer forming material). In particular, it can be preferably used as a material for forming a negative electrode sheet for an all-solid secondary battery or a negative electrode active material layer containing a negative electrode active material having a large expansion and contraction due to charging and discharging, and high cycle characteristics can be achieved in this embodiment as well.
- the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition of the present invention is preferably a non-aqueous composition.
- the non-aqueous composition includes not only a water-free aspect but also a form in which the water content (also referred to as water content) is preferably 500 ppm or less.
- the water content is more preferably 200 ppm or less, further preferably 100 ppm or less, and particularly preferably 50 ppm or less.
- the water content indicates the amount of water contained in the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition (mass ratio to the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition).
- the mixture is filtered through a 0.02 ⁇ m membrane filter and curled fisher.
- the value shall be the value measured using titration.
- the composition containing an inorganic solid electrolyte of the present invention also includes an embodiment containing an active material, a conductive auxiliary agent, and the like in addition to the inorganic solid electrolyte (the composition of this embodiment is referred to as an electrode composition).
- the composition of this embodiment is referred to as an electrode composition.
- the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition of the present invention contains an inorganic solid electrolyte.
- the inorganic solid electrolyte is an inorganic solid electrolyte
- the solid electrolyte is a solid electrolyte capable of transferring ions inside the solid electrolyte. Since it does not contain organic substances as the main ionic conductive material, it is an organic solid electrolyte (polymer electrolyte typified by polyethylene oxide (PEO), organic typified by lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI), etc. It is clearly distinguished from electrolyte salts).
- PEO polyethylene oxide
- LiTFSI lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide
- the inorganic solid electrolyte is a solid in a steady state, it is usually not dissociated or liberated into cations and anions. In this respect, it is clearly distinguished from the electrolyte or the inorganic electrolyte salts (LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , Lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide (LiFSI), LiCl, etc.) that are dissociated or liberated into cations and anions in the polymer. Will be done.
- the inorganic solid electrolyte is not particularly limited as long as it has the conductivity of the ions of the metal belonging to the Group 1 or Group 2 of the periodic table, and is generally one having no electron conductivity.
- the inorganic solid electrolyte preferably has lithium ion ionic conductivity.
- a solid electrolyte material usually used for an all-solid secondary battery can be appropriately selected and used.
- examples of the inorganic solid electrolyte include (i) a sulfide-based inorganic solid electrolyte, (ii) an oxide-based inorganic solid electrolyte, (iii) a halide-based inorganic solid electrolyte, and (iv) a hydride-based inorganic solid electrolyte.
- the sulfide-based inorganic solid electrolyte is preferable from the viewpoint that a better interface can be formed between the active material and the inorganic solid electrolyte.
- the sulfide-based inorganic solid electrolyte contains a sulfur atom, has ionic conductivity of a metal belonging to Group 1 or Group 2 of the Periodic Table, and is electronically insulated. Those having sex are preferable.
- the sulfide-based inorganic solid electrolyte preferably contains at least Li, S and P as elements and has lithium ion conductivity, but other than Li, S and P may be used depending on the purpose or case. It may contain elements.
- Examples of the sulfide-based inorganic solid electrolyte include a lithium ion conductive inorganic solid electrolyte satisfying the composition represented by the following formula (S1).
- L a1 M b1 P c1 S d1 A e1 (S1)
- L represents an element selected from Li, Na and K, with Li being preferred.
- M represents an element selected from B, Zn, Sn, Si, Cu, Ga, Sb, Al and Ge.
- A represents an element selected from I, Br, Cl and F.
- a1 to e1 indicate the composition ratio of each element, and a1: b1: c1: d1: e1 satisfy 1 to 12: 0 to 5: 1: 2 to 12: 0 to 10.
- a1 is preferably 1 to 9, more preferably 1.5 to 7.5.
- b1 is preferably 0 to 3, more preferably 0 to 1.
- the d1 is preferably 2.5 to 10, more preferably 3.0 to 8.5.
- e1 is preferably 0 to 5, more preferably 0 to 3.
- composition ratio of each element can be controlled by adjusting the blending amount of the raw material compound when producing the sulfide-based inorganic solid electrolyte as described below.
- the sulfide-based inorganic solid electrolyte may be non-crystal (glass) or crystallized (glass-ceramic), or only a part thereof may be crystallized.
- Li-PS-based glass containing Li, P and S, or Li-PS-based glass ceramics containing Li, P and S can be used.
- Sulfide-based inorganic solid electrolytes include, for example, lithium sulfide (Li 2 S), phosphorus sulfide (for example, diphosphorus pentasulfide (P 2 S 5 )), simple phosphorus, simple sulfur, sodium sulfide, hydrogen sulfide, and lithium halide (for example). It can be produced by the reaction of at least two or more raw materials in sulfides of LiI, LiBr, LiCl) and the element represented by M (for example, SiS 2 , SnS, GeS 2).
- the ratio of Li 2 S to P 2 S 5 in Li-PS-based glass and Li-PS-based glass ceramics is the molar ratio of Li 2 S: P 2 S 5, preferably 60:40 to It is 90:10, more preferably 68:32 to 78:22.
- the lithium ion conductivity can be made high.
- the lithium ion conductivity can be preferably 1 ⁇ 10 -4 S / cm or more, and more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 -3 S / cm or more. There is no particular upper limit, but it is practical that it is 1 ⁇ 10 -1 S / cm or less.
- Li 2 S-P 2 S 5 Li 2 S-P 2 S 5 -LiCl, Li 2 S-P 2 S 5 -H 2 S, Li 2 S-P 2 S 5 -H 2 S-LiCl, Li 2 S-LiI-P 2 S 5 , Li 2 S-LiI-Li 2 O-P 2 S 5 , Li 2 S-LiBr-P 2 S 5 , Li 2 S-Li 2 O-P 2 S 5 , Li 2 S-Li 3 PO 4- P 2 S 5 , Li 2 S-P 2 S 5- P 2 O 5 , Li 2 S-P 2 S 5- SiS 2 , Li 2 S-P 2 S 5- SiS 2- LiCl, Li 2 S-P 2 S 5- SnS, Li 2 S-P 2 S 5- Al 2 S 3 , Li 2 S-GeS 2 , Li 2 S-GeS 2 , Li 2 S-Ge
- the mixing ratio of each raw material does not matter.
- an amorphization method can be mentioned.
- the amorphization method include a mechanical milling method, a solution method and a melt quenching method. This is because processing at room temperature is possible and the manufacturing process can be simplified.
- the oxide-based inorganic solid electrolyte contains oxygen atoms, has ionic conductivity of a metal belonging to Group 1 or Group 2 of the Periodic Table, and is electronically insulated. Those having sex are preferable.
- the oxide-based inorganic solid electrolyte preferably has an ionic conductivity of 1 ⁇ 10 -6 S / cm or more, more preferably 5 ⁇ 10 -6 S / cm or more, and 1 ⁇ 10 -5 S / cm or more. It is particularly preferable that it is / cm or more.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, but it is practical that it is 1 ⁇ 10 -1 S / cm or less.
- Li xa La ya TiO 3 [xa satisfies 0.3 ⁇ xa ⁇ 0.7, and ya satisfies 0.3 ⁇ ya ⁇ 0.7.
- LLT Li xb Layb Zr zb M bb mb Onb
- M bb is one or more elements selected from Al, Mg, Ca, Sr, V, Nb, Ta, Ti, Ge, In and Sn.
- Xb satisfies 5 ⁇ xb ⁇ 10, yb satisfies 1 ⁇ yb ⁇ 4, zb satisfies 1 ⁇ zb ⁇ 4, mb satisfies 0 ⁇ mb ⁇ 2, and nb satisfies 5 ⁇ nb ⁇ 20. Satisfies.); Li xc Byc M cc zc Onc (M cc is one or more elements selected from C, S, Al, Si, Ga, Ge, In and Sn.
- Xc is 0 ⁇ xc ⁇ 5 , Yc satisfies 0 ⁇ yc ⁇ 1, zc satisfies 0 ⁇ zc ⁇ 1, nc satisfies 0 ⁇ nc ⁇ 6); Li xd (Al, Ga) yd (Ti, Ge) zd Si.
- Li xf Si yf O zf (xf satisfies 1 ⁇ xf ⁇ 5, yf satisfies 0 ⁇ yf ⁇ 3 , zf satisfies 1 ⁇ zf ⁇ 10);.
- Li xg S yg O zg (xg satisfies 1 ⁇ xg ⁇ 3, yg satisfies 0 ⁇ yg ⁇ 2, zg satisfies 1 ⁇ zg ⁇ 10.
- Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 (LLZ) having a garnet-type crystal structure.
- Phosphorus compounds containing Li, P and O are also desirable.
- lithium phosphate Li 3 PO 4
- LiPON in which a part of oxygen of lithium phosphate is replaced with nitrogen
- LiPOD 1 (D 1 is preferably Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, One or more elements selected from Cu, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Ag, Ta, W, Pt and Au) and the like.
- LiA 1 ON (A 1 is one or more elements selected from Si, B, Ge, Al, C and Ga) and the like can also be preferably used.
- the halide-based inorganic solid electrolyte contains a halogen atom, has the conductivity of an ion of a metal belonging to Group 1 or Group 2 of the Periodic Table, and has electrons. A compound having an insulating property is preferable.
- the halide-based inorganic solid electrolyte is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include compounds such as Li 3 YBr 6 and Li 3 YCl 6 described in LiCl, LiBr, LiI, ADVANCED MATERIALS, 2018, 30, 1803075. Of these, Li 3 YBr 6 and Li 3 YCl 6 are preferable.
- the hydride-based inorganic solid electrolyte contains a hydrogen atom, has ionic conductivity of a metal belonging to Group 1 or Group 2 of the Periodic Table, and is electronically insulated. A compound having a property is preferable.
- the hydride-based inorganic solid electrolyte is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include LiBH 4 , Li 4 (BH 4 ) 3 I, and 3 LiBH 4- LiCl.
- the inorganic solid electrolyte is preferably particles.
- the particle size (volume average particle size) of the inorganic solid electrolyte is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.01 ⁇ m or more, and more preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more.
- the upper limit is preferably 100 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 50 ⁇ m or less.
- the particle size of the inorganic solid electrolyte is measured by the following procedure. Inorganic solid electrolyte particles are prepared by diluting 1% by mass of a dispersion in a 20 mL sample bottle with water (heptane in the case of a water-unstable substance).
- the diluted dispersion sample is irradiated with 1 kHz ultrasonic waves for 10 minutes, and immediately after that, it is used for the test.
- data was captured 50 times using a laser diffraction / scattering particle size distribution measuring device LA-920 (trade name, manufactured by HORIBA) using a measuring quartz cell at a temperature of 25 ° C. Obtain the volume average particle size.
- JIS Japanese Industrial Standards
- Z 8828 2013 "Grain size analysis-Dynamic light scattering method" as necessary. Five samples are prepared for each level and the average value is adopted.
- the inorganic solid electrolyte may contain one kind or two or more kinds.
- the mass (mg) (grain amount) of the inorganic solid electrolyte per unit area (cm 2) of the solid electrolyte layer is not particularly limited. It can be appropriately determined according to the designed battery capacity, and can be, for example, 1 to 100 mg / cm 2 .
- the amount of the inorganic solid electrolyte is preferably such that the total amount of the active material and the inorganic solid electrolyte is in the above range.
- the content of the inorganic solid electrolyte in the composition containing the inorganic solid electrolyte is not particularly limited, but is 50% by mass or more at 100% by mass of the solid content in terms of binding property and dispersibility. Is more preferable, 70% by mass or more is more preferable, and 90% by mass or more is particularly preferable. From the same viewpoint, the upper limit is preferably 99.9% by mass or less, more preferably 99.5% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 99% by mass or less.
- the content of the inorganic solid electrolyte in the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition is such that the total content of the active material and the inorganic solid electrolyte is in the above range. Is preferable.
- the solid content refers to a component that does not disappear by volatilizing or evaporating when the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition is dried at 150 ° C. for 6 hours under an atmospheric pressure of 1 mmHg and a nitrogen atmosphere. .. Typically, it refers to a component other than the dispersion medium described later.
- the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition of the present invention contains a polymer binder (also simply referred to as a binder).
- the polymer binder means a binder formed containing a polymer.
- the polymer binder contained in this inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition contains one or more types of fluorine-containing binders made of fluorine-based copolymers satisfying (1) to (3) described later.
- the polymer binder contained in the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition is a polymer binder other than the fluorine-containing binder, for example, a particulate polymer binder described later (preferably, the adsorption rate with respect to the inorganic solid electrolyte in the composition is 60%. It may contain the above-mentioned particulate polymer binder) and a chain polymerization polymer binder (for example, a binder made of a hydrocarbon polymer, a binder made of a (meth) acrylic polymer, and a polymer binder made of a vinyl polymer). preferable.
- the polymer binder (low adsorption binder) having an adsorption rate of less than 60% and the adsorption rate of 60% or more.
- a polymer binder (high adsorption binder) may be contained.
- fluorine-containing binder contained in the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition of the present invention as a polymer binder will be described.
- This fluorine-containing binder is made of a fluorine-based copolymer satisfying the following (1) to (3).
- the content of hexafluoropropylene component in the fluorine-based copolymer is 21 to 65 mol% (3).
- the tensile fracture strain is 500% or more.
- This fluorine-containing binder has an adsorption rate of less than 60% for the inorganic solid electrolyte in the dispersion medium described later contained in the composition.
- the fluorine-containing binder can improve the dispersion stability and handleability of the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition (slurry) by using it in combination with solid particles such as the inorganic solid electrolyte in the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition containing a dispersion medium. ..
- the adsorption rate of the binder is a value measured using the inorganic solid electrolyte and the dispersion medium contained in the composition containing the inorganic solid electrolyte, and the binder is adsorbed on the inorganic solid electrolyte in the dispersion medium. It is an index showing the degree.
- the adsorption of the binder to the inorganic solid electrolyte includes not only physical adsorption but also chemical adsorption (adsorption by chemical bond formation, adsorption by transfer of electrons, etc.).
- the adsorption rate with respect to the inorganic solid electrolyte having the same composition as the inorganic solid electrolyte composition (type and content) in the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition is used.
- the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition contains a plurality of types of dispersion media
- the adsorption rate is measured using a dispersion medium having the same composition as the dispersion medium (type and content) in the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition. ..
- the plurality of types of binders such as a fluorine-containing binder, a particulate binder, and a binder composed of a chain-growth polymerization polymer are used
- the plurality of types of binders are used in the same manner as in the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition and the like. Let it be the adsorption rate.
- the adsorption rate of the binder is a value calculated by the method described in Examples.
- the adsorption rate of the fluorine-containing binder with respect to the inorganic solid electrolyte is less than 60%.
- the adsorption rate is preferably 50% or less, more preferably 40% or less, further preferably 30% or less, particularly preferably 10% or less, and less than 5% in that dispersion stability and handleability can be compatible at a higher level. Is the most preferable.
- the lower limit of the adsorption rate is not particularly limited and may be 0%.
- the lower limit of the adsorption rate is preferably small from the viewpoint of dispersion stability and handleability, but is preferably more than 0% and 0.1% or more from the viewpoint of improving the binding property of the inorganic solid electrolyte. Is more preferable, and 0.5% or more is further preferable.
- the adsorption rate with respect to the inorganic solid electrolyte is the characteristics of the polymer (fluorine-based copolymer) forming the fluorine-containing binder (for example, the content of hexafluoropropylene constituents, the mass average molecular weight), and the functional groups of the polymer. Can be appropriately set depending on the type or content of the above, the form of the fluorine-containing binder (the amount dissolved in the dispersion medium), and the like.
- the fluorine-containing binder may be soluble (dissolved binder) or insoluble in the dispersion medium contained in the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition, but a soluble binder dissolved in the dispersion medium is preferable.
- the fact that the binder is dissolved in the dispersion medium means that the fluorine-containing binder is dissolved in the dispersion medium of the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition.
- the solubility is 80% by mass or more. It means that it is.
- the method for measuring the solubility is as follows.
- a specified amount of the binder to be measured is weighed in a glass bottle, 100 g of the dispersion medium contained in the composition containing an inorganic solid electrolyte is added thereto, and the mixture rotor is rotated at a rotation speed of 80 rpm at a temperature of 25 ° C. 24. Stir for hours.
- the transmittance of the mixed solution after stirring for 24 hours thus obtained is measured under the following conditions. This test (transmittance measurement) is performed by changing the amount of the binder dissolved (the above-mentioned specified amount), and the upper limit concentration X (mass%) at which the transmittance is 99.8% is defined as the solubility of the binder in the above-mentioned dispersion medium.
- the adsorption rate of the polymer binder to the active material is not particularly limited.
- the content is preferably 90% or less, more preferably 0.1 to 50%. It is more preferably to 10%.
- the adsorption rate of the binder to the active material is a value measured by using the active material and the dispersion medium contained in the composition containing the inorganic solid electrolyte, and the binder has a value with respect to the active material in the dispersion medium. It is an index showing the degree of adsorption.
- the adsorption of the binder to the active material includes not only physical adsorption but also chemical adsorption (adsorption by chemical bond formation, adsorption by transfer of electrons, etc.).
- it is particularly preferable that the adsorption rate of the fluorine-containing binder on the active material is within the above range.
- the adsorption rate of the binder to the inorganic solid electrolyte is the same as described above. Is.
- the adsorption rate of the binder with respect to the active material is a value calculated by the method described in Examples.
- the adsorption rate for the active material can be appropriately set in the same manner as the adsorption rate for the inorganic solid electrolyte.
- the polymer forming the fluorine-containing binder is a fluorine-based copolymer containing a vinylidene fluoride component and a hexafluoropropylene component at a specific content and exhibiting a tensile fracture strain of 500% or more.
- the fluorine-based copolymer means a copolymer having a vinylidene fluoride (VDF) component and a hexafluoropropylene (HFP) component, and is derived from a polymerizable compound copolymerizable with VDF and HFP. Includes copolymers further having the constituents of (sometimes referred to as other constituents).
- the polymerizable compound copolymerizable with VDF and HFP is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a polymerizable compound having at least one carbon-carbon unsaturated bond. More specifically, a polymerizable compound containing a fluorine atom (fluorine-containing polymerizable compound), a polymerizable compound not containing a fluorine atom, a polymerizable compound having a functional group selected from the functional group group (a) described later, and the like can be used. Can be mentioned. In addition to using a copolymerizable polymerizable compound, the functional group group (a), other components, etc.
- the fluorine-based copolymer can be modified.
- the fluorine-based copolymer has a vinylidene fluoride (VDF) component and a hexafluoropropylene (HFP) component, and both has and does not have a component derived from a fluorine-containing polymerizable compound.
- VDF vinylidene fluoride
- HFP hexafluoropropylene
- one of the preferred embodiments is that the compound does not have a component derived from the fluorine-containing polymerizable compound, and when the functional group (a) described later is introduced, the copolymerizable polymerizable compound, particularly hydrogen.
- one of the preferred embodiments is a compound having a component derived from a compound having a hydrogen atom bonded to a carbon atom forming a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond (for example, monofluoroethylene).
- the VDF component forming the fluorine-based copolymer is a component derived from vinylidene fluoride and is represented by -CF 2- CH 2-.
- the HFP component is a component derived from hexafluoropropylene, and is represented by, for example, -CF 2- CF (CF 3 )-.
- the components derived from the fluorine-containing polymerizable compound that may form the fluorine-based copolymer may be components other than the VDF component and are derived from the fluorine-containing polymerizable compound other than the HFP component, and are particularly limited. Not done.
- the fluorine-containing polymerizable compound that leads to this constituent is, for example, a compound having a fluorine atom that is directly bonded to a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond or indirectly (for example, via a linking group described later).
- the fluorine-containing polymerizable compound is not particularly limited, and is, for example, a fluorinated vinyl compound such as tetrafluoroethylene, trifluoroethylene, monofluoroethylene or chlorotrifluoroethylene, or perfluoro such as trifluoromethyl vinyl ether or pentafluoroethyl vinyl ether. Examples thereof include alkyl ether compounds.
- the fluorine-containing polymerizable compound includes a polymerizable compound (macromonomer) having a polymer chain that directly or indirectly (for example, via a linking group described later) is bonded to a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond.
- a compound in which at least one hydrogen atom of the fluorine-containing polymerizable compound is replaced with a polymer chain can be mentioned.
- the polymer chain is not particularly limited, and ordinary polymer components can be applied.
- a polymer chain of a (meth) acrylic polymer, a polymer chain of a vinyl polymer, a polymer chain of polysiloxane, a polyalkylene ether chain, a hydrocarbon chain and the like can be mentioned.
- (meth) acrylic polymer and the vinyl-based polymer constituting the polymerized chain those described in the chain-growth-based polymer binder described later can be used without particular limitation.
- An example of a fluorine-based copolymer having a constituent component derived from a polymerizable compound having a polymer chain is shown below and Examples. In the following copolymers, the number at the lower right of each component indicates the content (mol%) of the component in the copolymer.
- the constituent component derived from the polymerizable compound containing no fluorine atom is a constituent component copolymerizable with vinylidene fluoride or hexafluoropropylene, and contains a fluorine atom and a functional group selected from the functional group group (a) described later. It is not particularly limited as long as it is a constituent component derived from a compound that does not exist.
- Examples of the polymerizable compound containing no fluorine atom that leads to this constituent component include polymerizable compounds usually used for chain polymerization, and specific examples thereof include vinyl compounds (M2) and diene compounds described later.
- the constituent component derived from the polymerizable compound having a functional group selected from the functional group group (a) may be any component having the above functional group, and is not particularly limited.
- vinyl compounds, diene compounds and the like, which may or may not have a fluorine atom can be mentioned.
- the polymerizable compound having a functional group that derives this constituent component include the above-mentioned polymerizable compound having a functional group among the polymerizable compounds usually used for chain polymerization, and the details thereof will be described later.
- the VDF constituent component and other constituent components forming the fluorine-based copolymer may each have a substituent.
- the substituent is not particularly limited as long as it does not deviate from the category of each constituent component, and for example, a group selected from the substituent Z described later and a functional group selected from the functional group group (a) described later may be used. Can be mentioned.
- the VDF component or the like has a functional group selected from the functional group group (a), it is classified into the above-mentioned "component derived from a polymerizable compound having a functional group".
- the fluorine-based copolymer used in the present invention may be any of the block copolymers, alternating copolymers, and random copolymers of the above-mentioned constituent components, but the random copolymer is preferable in terms of solubility.
- a fluorine-based copolymer may be appropriately synthesized or a commercially available product may be used.
- the fluorine-based copolymer forming the fluorine-containing binder may be one type or two or more types.
- the content of the HFP component (also referred to as the amount of HFP) of the fluorine-based copolymer is 21 to 65 mol% of all the components constituting the fluorine-based copolymer.
- the action of the fluorine-containing binder composed of the fluorine-based copolymer on the inorganic solid electrolyte can be weakened, which contributes to the improvement of dispersion stability and handleability.
- the adsorption rate can be reduced to less than 60%.
- the upper limit of the amount of HFP is preferably 60 mol% or less, more preferably 50 mol% or less, still more preferably 45 mol% or less, in terms of improving dispersion stability and handleability, and further enhancing current collector adhesion.
- the lower limit of the amount of HFP is preferably 25 mol% or more, more preferably 30 mol% or more, and 35 mol% or more in terms of improvement of dispersion stability and handleability, and further enhancement of current collector adhesion. More preferred.
- the mass average molecular weight of the fluorine-based copolymer is 400,000 or more, the lower limit of the HFP amount does not need to be 25 mol% or more, 30 mol% or more if it is 21 mol% or more, and 22 It is preferably mol% or more.
- the amount of HFP of the fluoropolymer can be determined by measuring the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum of the copolymer (NMR measurement method).
- the fluorine-based copolymer of the composition is measured using, for example, a fluorine-based copolymer extracted with tetrahydrofuran (THF).
- THF tetrahydrofuran
- the fluoropolymer in the sheet for an all-solid-state secondary battery or the constituent layer of the all-solid-state secondary battery is obtained by, for example, disassembling the sheet or the battery and peeling off the constituent layer containing the polymer binder.
- the measurement is carried out using a fluoropolymer extracted from the layer with THF.
- the content of the VDF component (also referred to as the amount of VDF) is not particularly limited, but fluorine is used in terms of improving dispersion stability and handleability, and further enhancing current collector adhesion. It is preferably 30 to 90 mol%, more preferably 40 to 80 mol%, and even more preferably 50 to 75 mol% of all the constituents constituting the system copolymer.
- the amount of VDF can be measured according to the NMR measurement method using a fluoropolymer extracted in the same manner as in the measurement of the amount of HFP.
- the ratio of the amount of VDF to the amount of HFP is not particularly limited, but the points of improving dispersion stability and handleability, and further strengthening collector adhesion. Therefore, it is preferably 0.5 to 5, more preferably 1 to 4, and even more preferably 1 to 3.
- the total content of the constituent synthetic components derived from the copolymerizable polymerizable compound is not particularly limited, but can be, for example, 50 mol% or less.
- the content of the constituents derived from the fluorine-containing polymerizable compound or the fluorine atom-free polymerizable compound is the adsorption rate or tensile fracture strain of the fluorine-based binder, and the solid particles, respectively. It is appropriately set within a range that does not impair excellent dispersion stability and handleability in consideration of binding force and the like.
- the content of the constituent components derived from the fluorine-containing polymerizable compound is, for example, preferably 0 to 45 mol%, preferably 2 to 40 mol%, of all the constituent components constituting the fluorine-based copolymer. More preferred.
- the content of the constituent components derived from the polymerizable compound containing no fluorine atom is, for example, preferably 0 to 30 mol%, preferably 1 to 25 mol%, of all the constituent components constituting the fluorine-based copolymer. More preferably.
- the content of the constituent component (constituent component having a functional group) derived from the polymerizable compound having a functional group selected from the functional group group (a) is the adsorption rate or tensile fracture strain of the fluorine-containing binder, and the formation of solid particles. It is decided appropriately in consideration of the wearing force and the like.
- a fluorine-based copolymer can be used in that it can further strengthen the binding force of solid particles and the adhesion to a current collector while maintaining excellent dispersion stability and handleability. It is preferably 0.01 to 10 mol%, and the lower limit thereof is more preferably 0.02 mol% or more, further preferably 0.05 mol% or more, among all the constituent components.
- the fluorine-based copolymer has a plurality of constituents having functional groups
- the content of the constituents having functional groups is the total amount.
- the content of the component having a functional group usually means the content of the component when one component has a plurality of or a plurality of kinds of functional groups, but in the present invention, the fluorine-based copolymer weight.
- the total content of each functional group is used in relation to the adsorption rate of the binder composed of coalescing, the binding force of solid particles, and the like.
- the total content of all the constituent components constituting the fluorine-based copolymer exceeds 100 mol%.
- the above total amount includes each functional group. Is not included in the content of the above, and a plurality or a plurality of types of functional groups are collectively included in the total amount as one functional group.
- the polymer S-21 synthesized in the examples has one constituent having an ester group and a carboxy group
- the content of each of the constituents having an ester group and a carboxy group is 0.3 mol% (each).
- the total content of this constituent is 0.3 mol%, instead of the total of 0.6 mol%) as a single functional group of the ester group and the carboxy group.
- the fluorine-based copolymer preferably contains a constituent component (constituent component having a functional group) having a functional group selected from the following functional group group (a) as, for example, a substituent.
- the component having a functional group has a function of improving the adsorption rate of the binder to the inorganic solid electrolyte.
- the constituent component having a functional group includes a constituent component derived from a polymerizable compound constituting a functional group as a copolymerizable compound, in addition to a constituent component derived from the polymerizable compound having a functional group.
- constituent component derived from the polymerizable compound constituting the functional group examples include a constituent component derived from a polymerizable carboxylic acid anhydride such as maleic anhydride. Further, the constituent component having a functional group is described later by various reactions to, for example, a constituent component copolymerized with vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene, or a constituent component derived from the vinylidene fluoride constituent component (for example, deHFed). It also includes constituent components (for example, copolymerization components of the polymers S-18 to S-24 synthesized in Examples) obtained by introducing a functional group or the like selected from the functional group group (a).
- the functional group may be contained in any of the constituent components forming the fluorine-based copolymer, but is composed of components other than the VDF constituent component, the HFP constituent component, and the constituent component derived from the polymerizable compound containing no fluorine atom. It is preferable that the component has.
- Preferred constituents having the above functional groups include, for example, constituents derived from a fluorine-containing polymerizable compound.
- the functional group may be incorporated into the main chain or side chain of the polymer.
- the main chain of a polymer means a linear molecular chain in which all other molecular chains constituting the polymer can be regarded as a branched chain or a pendant with respect to the main chain. Although it depends on the mass average molecular weight of the molecular chain regarded as a branched chain or a pendant chain, the longest chain among the molecular chains constituting the polymer is typically the main chain. However, the terminal group of the polymer terminal is not included in the main chain.
- the side chain of the polymer means a molecular chain other than the main chain, and includes a short molecular chain and a long molecular chain.
- ⁇ Functional group (a)> Hydroxyl group, amino group, carboxy group, sulfo group, phosphate group, phosphonic acid group, sulfanyl group, ether bond (-O-), imino group ( NR, -NR-), ester bond (-CO-O-) ), Amid bond (-CO-NR-), Urethane bond (-NR-CO-O-), Urea bond (-NR-CO-NR-), Heterocyclic group, aryl group, carboxylic acid anhydride group, isocyanato Group (-NCO), alkoxysilyl group, fluoroalkyl group, siloxane group
- the amino group, sulfo group, phosphate group (phosphoryl group), heterocyclic group, aryl group and alkoxysilyl group contained in the functional group group (a) are not particularly limited, but correspond to the substituent Z described later.
- the number of carbon atoms of the amino group is more preferably 0 to 12, further preferably 0 to 6, and particularly preferably 0 to 2.
- the phosphonic acid group is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a phosphonic acid group having 0 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the hydroxy group, amino group, carboxy group, sulfo group, phosphoric acid group, phosphonic acid group and sulfanyl group may form a salt.
- a fluoroalkyl group is a group in which at least one hydrogen atom of an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group is substituted with a fluorine atom, and the number of carbon atoms thereof is preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, and further 3 to 10. preferable.
- the number of fluorine atoms on the carbon atom may be a part of the hydrogen atom replaced or a whole replaced (perfluoroalkyl group).
- Siloxane groups is not particularly limited, for example - a group having the structure (SiR 2 -O) represented by n- are preferred.
- the average number of repetitions n is preferably 1 to 100, more preferably 5 to 50, and even more preferably 10 to 30.
- a component having an ester bond (excluding an ester bond forming a carboxy group) or an amide bond as a functional group means a component in which an ester bond or an amide bond is not directly bonded to an atom constituting the main chain, for example.
- R in each bond indicates a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and a hydrogen atom is preferable.
- the substituent is not particularly limited, and is selected from the substituent Z described later, and an alkyl group is preferable.
- the carboxylic acid anhydride group is not particularly limited, but is a group obtained by removing one or more hydrogen atoms from the carboxylic acid anhydride (for example, a group represented by the following formula (2a)), and a copolymerizable compound. It includes the constituent component itself (for example, the constituent component represented by the following formula (2b)) formed by copolymerizing the polymerizable carboxylic acid anhydride as.
- a group formed by removing one or more hydrogen atoms from the cyclic carboxylic acid anhydride is preferable.
- the anhydrous carboxylic acid group derived from the cyclic carboxylic acid anhydride also corresponds to a heterocyclic group, but in the present invention, it is classified as an anhydrous carboxylic acid group as a functional group of the functional group group (a).
- Examples thereof include acyclic carboxylic acid anhydrides such as acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride and benzoic anhydride, and cyclic carboxylic acid anhydrides such as maleic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, fumaric anhydride, succinic anhydride and itaconic anhydride. Be done.
- the polymerizable carboxylic acid anhydride is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a carboxylic acid anhydride having an unsaturated bond in the molecule, and a polymerizable cyclic carboxylic acid anhydride is preferable. Specific examples include maleic anhydride and the like. Examples of the carboxylic acid anhydride group include a group represented by the following formula (2a) or a constituent component represented by the formula (2b), but the present invention is not limited thereto. In each equation, * indicates the bonding position.
- a hydroxy group, a carboxy group, a phosphonic acid group, a heterocyclic group and an anhydrous carboxylic acid group are preferable, and an anhydrous carboxylic acid group is more preferable.
- the method of incorporating the functional group into the polymer chain is not particularly limited, and for example, a polymerizable compound having a functional group selected from the functional group group (a) can be copolymerized (polymerization having a functional group).
- Produced by a method used as a sex compound a method using a polymerization initiator or a chain transfer agent having (producing) the above functional group, a method using a polymer reaction, and a defluorinated hydrogen reaction of the VDF component of a fluoropolymer.
- a method used as a sex compound a method using a polymerization initiator or a chain transfer agent having (producing) the above functional group
- a method using a polymer reaction a defluorinated hydrogen reaction of the VDF component of a fluoropolymer.
- examples thereof include an en reaction to a double bond, an en-thiol reaction, and an ATRP (Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization) polymerization method using a copper catalyst.
- the polymerizable compound having the above functional group is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a polymerizable compound having at least one carbon-carbon unsaturated bond and the above functional group.
- a compound in which a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond and the functional group are directly bonded a compound in which a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond and the functional group are bonded via a linking group, and a compound in which the functional group itself is carbon-carbon.
- compounds containing unsaturated bonds eg, the polymerizable cyclic carboxylic acid anhydride).
- a compound capable of introducing a functional group into a component copolymerized with VDF and HFP or a component derived from the VDF component (for example, deHFed) by various reactions for example, an addition reaction or a condensation reaction can be carried out with a component derived from carboxylic acid anhydride, a component having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond (for example, a deHF-denatured VDF component), or the like.
- Examples of alcohol, amino, mercapto or epoxy compounds (including polymers), specifically compounds A-32 to A-76 exemplified later, and the following macromonomers and the like can be mentioned.
- a compound in which a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond and a macromonomer in which a functional group is incorporated as a substituent in a polymer chain are directly bonded or via a linking group (for example, exemplified later).
- Compound A-31 etc. is also included.
- the macromonomer for deriving the macromonomer constituent component is appropriately determined according to the type of the main chain of the binder-forming polymer and is not unique, but examples thereof include a macromonomer having a polymerized chain of a chain-polymerized polymer described later. Be done.
- a polymer chain made of a (meth) acrylic polymer or the like is preferable, and it is preferable to have a constituent component derived from the (meth) acrylic compound (M1) described later, a constituent component derived from the polymerizable compound (M2) described later, and the like.
- the (meth) acrylic compound (M1) is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include (meth) acrylic acid compound, (meth) acrylic acid ester compound, (meth) acrylamide compound, and (meth) acrylonitrile compound.
- the (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester compound constituting the polymerized chain has the above-mentioned fluoroalkyl group as an alkyl group.
- the polymer chain having the (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester compound has a plurality of (meth) acrylic acid ester compounds, at least one is a (meth) acrylic acid fluoroalkyl ester compound, and at least one other kind.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group in the (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester compound is preferably 3 to 20, more preferably 4 to 16, and even more preferably 6 to 14.
- the content of the other polymerizable compound (M2) in the (meth) acrylic polymer is not particularly limited, but can be, for example, less than 50 mol%.
- the number average molecular weight of the macromonomer is not particularly limited, but the binding force of the solid particles and the adhesion to the current collector should be further strengthened while maintaining excellent dispersion stability and handleability. It is preferably 500 to 100,000, more preferably 1,000 to 50,000, and even more preferably 2,000 to 20,000.
- the content of the repeating unit having a functional group incorporated in the macromonomer is preferably 1 to 100 mol%, more preferably 3 to 80 mol%, still more preferably 5 to 70 mol%.
- the content of the repeating unit having no functional group is preferably 0 to 90 mol%, more preferably 0 to 70 mol%, still more preferably 0 to 50 mol%. Any component can be selected from the viewpoint of solubility and the like.
- the compound having a functional group is preferably a compound in which the functional group itself contains a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond, and more preferably maleic anhydride.
- the carbon-carbon unsaturated bond is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a vinyl group and a (meth) acryloyl group.
- the linking group that links the carbon-carbon unsaturated bond and the functional group is not particularly limited, but for example, an alkylene group (preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, further preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms).
- Alkenylene group preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 3 carbon atoms
- arylene group preferably 6 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 10 carbon atoms
- oxygen atom sulfur atom, imino group.
- (-NR N- ) carbonyl group, phosphate linking group (-OP (OH) (O) -O-), phosphonic acid linking group (-P (OH) (O) -O-), or these Examples thereof include groups related to the combination of.
- a polyalkyleneoxy chain can also be formed by combining an alkylene group and an oxygen atom.
- linking group a group composed of a combination of an alkylene group, an arylene group, a carbonyl group, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom and an imino group is preferable, and a group formed by combining an alkylene group, an arylene group, a carbonyl group, an oxygen atom and an imino group is preferable.
- the linking group may have a group other than the functional group selected from the functional group group (a). The number of atoms constituting the linking group and the number of linking atoms are as described later. However, the above does not apply to the polyalkyleneoxy chain constituting the linking group.
- the group other than the functional group examples include the substituent Z described later, and examples thereof include an alkyl group and a halogen atom.
- the number of atoms constituting the linking group is preferably 1 to 36, more preferably 1 to 24, further preferably 1 to 12, and preferably 1 to 6. Especially preferable.
- the number of connecting atoms of the linking group is preferably 10 or less, more preferably 8 or less.
- the lower limit is 1 or more.
- the functional group of one component may be one kind or two or more kinds, and when it has two or more kinds, it may or may not be bonded to each other.
- the compound having a functional group one of preferable embodiments is a compound capable of introducing a functional group into a component derived from a VDF component by various reactions.
- the compound having a functional group include a (meth) acrylic compound (M1) such as a (meth) acrylic acid compound, a (meth) acrylic acid ester compound, and a (meth) acrylamide compound, and a compound having the above functional group.
- Examples thereof include polymerizable compounds (M2) such as aromatic vinyl compounds including vinylnaphthalene compounds and vinylcarbazole compounds, allyl compounds, vinyl ether compounds and vinyl ester compounds, which have the above functional groups.
- M2 polymerizable compounds
- aromatic vinyl compounds including vinylnaphthalene compounds and vinylcarbazole compounds
- allyl compounds vinyl ether compounds
- vinyl ester compounds which have the above functional groups.
- Specific examples of the polymerizable compound having a functional group and the compound into which the functional group can be introduced are shown below, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- -Substituent Z- Alkyl groups preferably alkyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, t-butyl, pentyl, heptyl, 1-ethylpentyl, benzyl, 2-ethoxyethyl, 1-carboxymethyl, etc.
- alkenyl groups preferably alkyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, t-butyl, pentyl, heptyl, 1-ethylpentyl, benzyl, 2-ethoxyethyl, 1-carboxymethyl, etc.
- an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms for example, vinyl, allyl, oleyl, etc.
- an alkynyl group preferably an alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, for example, ethynyl, butadynyl, phenylethynyl, etc.
- a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms for example, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 4-methylcyclohexyl, etc., is used in the present specification to mean that an alkyl group usually includes a cycloalkyl group.
- An aryl group (preferably an aryl group having 6 to 26 carbon atoms, for example, phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 2-chlorophenyl, 3-methylphenyl, etc.), an aralkyl group (preferably having 7 carbon atoms).
- ⁇ 23 aralkyl groups eg, benzyl, phenethyl, etc.
- heterocyclic groups preferably heterocyclic groups having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 5 or 5 having at least one oxygen atom, sulfur atom, nitrogen atom. It is a 6-membered heterocyclic group.
- the heterocyclic group includes an aromatic heterocyclic group and an aliphatic heterocyclic group.
- a tetrahydropyran ring group for example, a tetrahydropyran ring group, a tetrahydrofuran ring group, 2-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, 2-. Imidazolyl, 2-benzoimidazolyl, 2-thiazolyl, 2-oxazolyl, pyrrolidone group, etc.), alkoxy group (preferably an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, for example, methoxy, ethoxy, isopropyloxy, benzyloxy, etc.), aryloxy group (Preferably, an aryloxy group having 6 to 26 carbon atoms, for example, phenoxy, 1-naphthyloxy, 3-methylphenoxy, 4-methoxyphenoxy, etc., is used in the present specification to include an aryloxy group.
- alkoxy group preferably an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, for example, methoxy, ethoxy, is
- a heterocyclic oxy group (a group in which an —O— group is bonded to the above heterocyclic group), an alkoxycarbonyl group (preferably an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, for example, ethoxycarbonyl, 2-ethylhexyloxycarbonyl).
- aryloxycarbonyl groups preferably aryloxycarbonyl groups with 6-26 carbon atoms, such as phenoxycarbonyl, 1-naphthyloxycarbonyl, 3-me Chilphenoxycarbonyl, 4-methoxyphenoxycarbonyl, etc.
- heterocyclic oxycarbonyl group group in which -O-CO- group is bonded to the above heterocyclic group
- amino group preferably amino group having 0 to 20 carbon atoms, alkyl It contains an amino group and an arylamino group, and includes, for example, amino (-NH 2 ), N, N-dimethylamino, N, N-diethylamino, N-ethylamino, anirino, etc., and a sulfamoyl group (preferably having 0 to 20 carbon atoms).
- Sulfamoyl group of, for example, N, N-dimethylsulfamoyl, N-phenylsulfamoyl, etc. acyl group (alkylcarbonyl group, alkenylcarbonyl group, alkynylcarbonyl group, arylcarbonyl group, heterocyclic carbonyl group, etc.
- an acyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms for example, acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, octanoyl, hexadecanoyl, acryloyl, methacryloyl, crotonoyle, benzoyl, naphthoyl, nicotineol, etc., and an acyloxy group (alkylcarbonyloxy group, alkenylcarbonyloxy).
- heterocyclic thio group group in which -S- group is bonded to the above heterocyclic group
- alkylsulfonyl group preferably alkylsulfonyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- methylsulfonyl, ethyls Luhonyl, etc. arylsulfonyl groups (preferably arylsulfonyl groups having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, such as benzenesulfonyl), alkylsilyl groups (preferably alkylsilyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, such as monomethylsilyl, dimethylsilyl, etc.) , Trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, etc.), arylsilyl group (preferably arylsilyl group having 6 to 42 carbon atoms, for example, triphenylsilyl, etc.), alkoxysilyl group (preferably alkoxysilyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, for example, Monomethoxysilyl, dimethoxysilyl, trimethoxysilyl, triethoxysilyl, etc.), aryloxysilyl group (preferably aryloxysilyl group (preferably aryl
- RP is a hydrogen atom or a substituent (preferably a group selected from the substituent Z). Further, each of the groups listed in these substituents Z may be further substituted with the above-mentioned substituent Z.
- the alkyl group, alkylene group, alkenyl group, alkenylene group, alkynyl group and / or alkynylene group and the like may be cyclic or chain-like, or may be linear or branched.
- the polymerization method of the raw material compound (VDF, HFP and the copolymerizable polymerizable compound) is not particularly limited, and a known method may be selected and conditions may be set as appropriate. it can.
- the fluorine-containing binder (Physical characteristics or characteristics of a fluorine-containing binder or a fluorine-based copolymer that forms a fluorine-containing binder)
- the fluorine-containing binder (fluorine-based copolymer) is not particularly limited, but the peel strength with respect to the aluminum foil is preferably 0.1 N / mm or more.
- strong current collector adhesion can be imparted to the active material layer, which contributes to further improvement of the cycle characteristics of the all-solid-state secondary battery.
- the peel strength of the fluorine-based copolymer is more preferably 0.2 N / mm or more, and further preferably 0.3 N / mm or more, in terms of further improving the current collector adhesion and the cycle characteristics. preferable.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, but for example, it is practically 10 N / mm or less, and preferably 2.0 N / mm or less.
- the peel strength can be appropriately set by changing the composition of the fluorine-based copolymer, changing the physical properties of the fluorine-containing binder, and the like.
- the peel strength is such that a solution (solid content concentration: 10% by mass) in which a fluorine-containing binder is dissolved in an organic solvent (butyl butyrate) is dropped onto an aluminum foil (trade name: A1N30, manufactured by Hosensha) and then dried (solid content concentration: 10% by mass).
- a dry film (width: 10 mm, length: 50 mm) having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m is prepared by heating at a temperature of 100 ° C. and a time of 180 minutes, and this is used as a test piece for measurement.
- the measuring method and conditions are as follows: Using a tensile tester (ZTS-50N, manufactured by Imada), the obtained dry film is peeled off at a speed of 30 mm / s in a direction of 90 ° with respect to the coated surface of the aluminum foil. The peeling force at the time is measured, and the average value is taken as the peeling strength (unit: N / mm).
- the water concentration of the fluorine-containing binder is preferably 100 ppm (mass basis) or less.
- the fluorine-containing binder the fluorine-based copolymer may be crystallized and dried, or the fluorine-containing binder dispersion may be used as it is.
- the fluorine-based copolymer is preferably amorphous.
- the term "amorphous" as a polymer typically means that no endothermic peak due to crystal melting is observed when measured at the glass transition temperature.
- the fluorine-containing binder When the fluorine-containing binder is in the form of particles, its shape is not particularly limited and may be flat, amorphous or the like, but spherical or granular is preferable.
- the average primary particle size is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 nm or more, more preferably 1 nm or more, further preferably 5 nm or more, particularly preferably 10 nm or more, and particularly preferably 50 nm. The above is the most preferable.
- the upper limit value is preferably 5.0 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ m or less, further preferably 700 nm or less, and particularly preferably 500 nm or less.
- the average particle size of the fluorine-containing binder can be measured in the same manner as the particle size of the above-mentioned inorganic solid electrolyte.
- the average particle size of the fluorine-containing binder in the constituent layers of the all-solid secondary battery is measured in advance by, for example, disassembling the battery and peeling off the constituent layer containing the fluorine-containing binder, and then measuring the constituent layers. The measurement can be performed by excluding the measured value of the particle size of the particles other than the fluorine-containing binder.
- the average particle size of the fluorine-containing binder can be adjusted, for example, by the type of dispersion medium, the content of constituents in the polymer, and the like.
- the tensile fracture strain of the fluorine-based copolymer forming the fluorine-containing binder is 500% or more.
- the specific fluorine-based copolymer exhibits a tensile breakdown strain of 500% or more
- the maintenance of the interaction between the solid particles and the repulsive force between the fluorine atoms are solid.
- the action on the particles can be effectively exerted to enhance the dispersion stability or the handleability, and the adhesion of the solid particles can be strengthened to further enhance the cycle characteristics.
- the tensile fracture strain is more preferably 600% or more, further preferably 700% or more, particularly preferably 750% or more, and most preferably 2500% or more.
- the upper limit of the tensile fracture strain is not particularly limited, but is actually 10000%, preferably 6000% or less, and more preferably 3500% or less.
- the tensile fracture strain can be appropriately set by changing the molecular weight of the fluorine-based copolymer or the like.
- Tensile fracture strain is measured by preparing a test piece described in Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS) K 7161 (2014) "Plastic-How to determine tensile properties" and according to the method and conditions described in this standard. Specifically, a cast film having a thickness of about 200 ⁇ m is prepared by using a solution in which a fluorine-based copolymer is dissolved in, for example, DIBK. This cast film is cut to a size of 10 mm ⁇ 20 mm, set in a tensile tester so that the distance between chucks (distance between grippers) is 10 mm, and a tensile test (stress-strain curve evaluation) is performed at a test speed of 30 mm / min.
- JIS Japanese Industrial Standards
- the tensile fracture strain is a value obtained by subtracting 100% from the length of the test piece at the time of breaking, where the length of the test piece before stretching is 100% (the amount extended at the time of breaking).
- the mass average molecular weight of the fluorine-based copolymer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 50,000 to 1,500,000.
- the fluorine-based copolymer has a mass average molecular weight in the above range, dispersion stability and handleability can be further improved, and tensile fracture strain can also be increased.
- a larger mass average molecular weight is preferable, for example, 70,000 or more is more preferable, and 80,000 or more is preferable in that dispersion stability and handleability are improved by extending the main chain of the copolymer and increasing tensile fracture strain.
- the above is more preferable, and 100,000 or more is particularly preferable.
- the mass average molecular weight of the fluorine-based copolymer is 400,000 or more, the cycle characteristics of the all-solid-state secondary battery can be further improved. Since the copolymer has a high molecular weight, the steric repulsion effect can be further enhanced, the dispersion stability of the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition (slurry), and the dispersion uniformity of the solid particles in the constituent layer can be enhanced. it is conceivable that.
- the upper limit is more preferably 1,500,000 or less, further preferably 1,200,000 or less. In one aspect of the present invention, the mass average molecular weight of the fluorine-based copolymer can be 1,000,000 or less, or 900,000 or less.
- the molecular weights of the polymer and the polymerized chain refer to the mass average molecular weight or the number average molecular weight in terms of standard polystyrene by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) unless otherwise specified.
- GPC gel permeation chromatography
- the value measured by the method of the following condition 1 or condition 2 (priority) is basically used. However, depending on the type of polymer, an appropriate eluent may be appropriately selected and used.
- Condition 1 Column: Connect two TOSOH TSKgel Super AWM-H (trade name, manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) Carrier: 10 mM LiBr / N-methylpyrrolidone Measurement temperature: 40 ° C.
- Carrier flow rate 1.0 ml / min Sample concentration: 0.1% by mass Detector: RI (refractive index) detector (condition 2) Column: A column in which TOSOH TSKgel Super HZM-H, TOSOH TSKgel Super HZ4000, and TOSOH TSKgel Super HZ2000 (trade names, all manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) are connected is used.
- Carrier tetrahydrofuran Measurement temperature: 40 ° C
- Carrier flow rate 1.0 ml / min Sample concentration: 0.1% by mass Detector: RI (refractive index) detector
- the fluorine-based copolymer preferably has an SP value of, for example, 9 to 23, more preferably an SP value of 10 to 18, and an SP value of 11 to 15. Is more preferable.
- SP value unless otherwise indicated, determined by Hoy method (H.L.Hoy JOURNAL OF PAINT TECHNOLOGY Vol.42, No.541,1970,76-118, and POLYMER HANDBOOK 4 th, 59 chapters, VII page 686 See the formula below in Table 5, Table 6, and Table 6).
- the unit is omitted for the SP value, the unit is MPa 1/2 .
- the SP value of the polymer is calculated from the following formula using the constituent components (derived from the raw material compound) and the SP value thereof.
- the following values were determined in compliance with the literature, in terms of the SP value of the component to the SP value (MPa 1/2) (e.g., 1cal 1/2 cm -3/2 ⁇ 2.05J 1/2 cm -3 / 2 ⁇ 2.05 MPa 1/2 ) before use.
- SP p 2 (SP 1 2 x W 1 ) + (SP 2 2 x W 2 ) + ...
- SP 1 , SP 2 Indicates the SP value of the constituent component
- W 1 , W 2 Indicates the mass fraction of the constituent component.
- the SP value of the VDF component is 13.1 and the SP value of the HFP component is 10.1.
- the mass fraction of the constituent component is the mass fraction of the constituent component (the raw material compound that leads to this constituent component) in the polymer.
- the SP value of the fluorine-containing copolymer can be adjusted by the composition (type and content of constituent components) of the fluorine-based copolymer and the like.
- the fluorine-based copolymer preferably satisfies the above-mentioned physical characteristics and the like, but in terms of dispersion stability and handleability, as well as binding property, current collector adhesion, and suppression of resistance, the following polymers ( 2 embodiments) are more preferable.
- the amount of HFP is 30 to 40 mol%, and a small amount (the above content) of a carboxylic acid anhydride group (preferably maleic anhydride group) is introduced as a functional group, and the tensile fracture strain is 2500 to 3500%.
- the fluorine-based copolymer forming the fluorine-containing binder may be a non-crosslinked polymer or a crosslinked polymer. Further, when the cross-linking of the polymer proceeds by heating or application of a voltage, the molecular weight may be larger than the above molecular weight. Preferably, the polymer has a mass average molecular weight in the above range at the start of use of the all-solid-state secondary battery.
- the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition of the present invention may contain one type of fluorine-containing binder or a plurality of types.
- the content of the fluorine-containing binder in the composition containing the inorganic solid electrolyte is not particularly limited, but in terms of improving dispersion stability and handleability, and also showing binding property, the content of the fluorine-containing binder is 0. It is preferably 1 to 10.0% by mass, more preferably 0.2 to 5.0% by mass, and even more preferably 0.3 to 4.0% by mass.
- the content of the fluorine-containing binder may be lower than the content of the particulate binder (solid content), but is the same. Higher is preferable. As a result, the binding property can be further strengthened without impairing the excellent dispersion stability and handleability.
- the difference (absolute value) in the contents of the fluorine-containing binder and the particulate binder is not particularly limited, and can be, for example, 0 to 8% by mass, more preferably 0 to 4% by mass, and 0 to 2% by mass. % Is more preferable.
- the ratio of the content of the fluorine-containing binder to the particulate binder is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.01 to 10, for example. More preferably, it is 0.02 to 5.
- the content (solid content) of the fluorine-containing binder is the chain polymerization. It may be lower than the content (solid content) of the binder made of a polymer, but it is preferably the same or higher. As a result, the dispersion stability and the cycle characteristics can be further enhanced.
- the difference (absolute value) in the content between the fluorine-containing binder and the polymer binder composed of the chain-growth polymer is not particularly limited, and can be, for example, 0 to 8% by mass, more preferably 0 to 4% by mass. It is more preferably 0 to 2% by mass.
- the ratio of the contents of the fluorine-containing binder to the chain-polymerized polymer binder is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 0.01 to 10. It is preferably 0.02 to 5.0, more preferably 0.02 to 5.0.
- the total mass)] is preferably in the range of 1,000 to 1. This ratio is more preferably 500 to 2, and even more preferably 100 to 10.
- the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition of the present invention contains one or more particulate polymer binders (particulate binders) that are insoluble in the dispersion medium in the composition. It is preferable to contain it.
- the shape of the particulate binder is not particularly limited and may be flat, amorphous or the like, but spherical or granular is preferable.
- the average particle size of the particulate binder is preferably 1 to 1000 nm, more preferably 10 to 800 nm, further preferably 20 to 500 nm, and particularly preferably 40 to 300 nm.
- the average particle size can be measured in the same manner as the particle size of the above-mentioned inorganic solid electrolyte.
- the particulate binder is preferably a particulate binder having an adsorption rate of 60% or more with respect to the inorganic solid electrolyte.
- the adsorption rate to the active material is appropriately determined.
- Each adsorption rate can be measured in the same manner as the fluorine-containing binder.
- the cycle characteristics of the all-solid-state secondary battery can be further enhanced, and preferably further reduction in resistance can be realized.
- various particulate binders used in the production of all-solid-state secondary batteries can be used without particular limitation.
- a particulate binder composed of the following step-growth polymerization polymer or chain polymerization polymer can be mentioned, and specific examples thereof include polymers A-1 and A-2 synthesized in Examples.
- the binders described in JP-A-2015-084886, International Publication No. 2018/20827, etc. can also be mentioned.
- the step-growth polymerization polymer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include polyurethane, polyurea, polyamide, polyimide, polyester, and polycarbonate.
- the chain-polymerized polymer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include chain-polymerized polymers such as fluorine-based polymers (fluorine-based copolymers), hydrocarbon-based polymers, vinyl-based polymers, and (meth) acrylic polymers (for example, those described later). ) Can be mentioned.
- the content of the particulate binder in the composition containing an inorganic solid electrolyte is not particularly limited, but in terms of improving dispersion stability and handleability, and also exhibiting binding properties, the content of the particulate binder is 0. It is preferably 02 to 5.0% by mass, more preferably 0.05 to 3.0% by mass, and even more preferably 0.1 to 2.0% by mass.
- the content of the particulate binder is appropriately set within the above range, but is preferably a content that does not dissolve in the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition in consideration of the solubility of the particulate binder.
- the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition of the present invention preferably contains one or more polymer binders made of chain-growth polymer in addition to the above-mentioned fluorine-containing binder as the polymer binder.
- the composition containing an inorganic solid electrolyte contains a fluorine-containing binder, the dispersion stability can be further improved without impairing the handleability, and the cycle characteristics can be further improved.
- the polymer binder composed of this chain polymerization polymer (sometimes referred to as a chain polymerization polymer binder) may be insoluble in the dispersion medium in the composition, but is preferably a soluble binder.
- the chain polymerization polymer binder preferably has an adsorption rate of less than 60% with respect to the inorganic solid electrolyte, and the preferable range is the same as that of the fluorine-containing binder.
- the adsorption rate to the active material is appropriately determined. Each adsorption rate can be measured by the above method.
- the chain polymerization polymer forming the chain polymerization polymer binder is not particularly limited as long as it is a chain polymerization polymer other than the fluorine copolymer forming the fluorine binder, but a hydrocarbon polymer, a vinyl polymer, and the like. (Meta) acrylic polymers are preferred.
- the polymerization mode of these chain polymerization polymers is not particularly limited, and may be any of block copolymers, alternating copolymers, and random copolymers.
- the chain polymerization polymer may contain a constituent component having a functional group selected from the above-mentioned functional group group (a) as, for example, a substituent (constituent component having a functional group).
- the component having a functional group has a function of improving the adsorption rate of the chain polymerization polymer binder with respect to the inorganic solid electrolyte, and may be any component forming the chain polymerization polymer.
- the functional group may be incorporated in the main chain or the side chain of the chain polymerization polymer. When incorporated into a side chain, it has a linking group that binds the functional group to the main chain.
- the linking group is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include the above-mentioned linking group that links the carbon-carbon unsaturated bond and the functional group.
- the functional group of one component may be one kind or two or more kinds, and when it has two or more kinds, it may or may not be bonded to each other.
- a component having an ester bond (excluding an ester bond forming a carboxy group) or an amide bond as a functional group means a component in which an ester bond or an amide bond is not directly bonded to an atom constituting the main chain, for example. , Does not include components derived from (meth) acrylic acid alkyl esters.
- the content of the constituent component having the functional group in the polymer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.01 to 70 mol%, preferably 5 to 50 mol%, in terms of the binding property of the solid particles. It is more preferably present, and further preferably 20 to 50 mol%.
- Examples of the method for introducing a functional group include a method in which a compound that derives a constituent component is reacted with a compound containing a functional group (a) to copolymerize when polymerizing a chain polymerization polymer.
- a method of introducing a functional group into a polymer terminal by polymerizing with an initiator or a chain transfer agent containing a functional group a method of introducing a functional group into a side chain or a terminal by a polymer reaction, and the like can be mentioned.
- a commercially available chain polymerization polymer having a functional group can also be used.
- hydrocarbon-based polymer binder composed of hydrocarbon-based polymer- Hydrocarbon-based polymers
- hydrocarbon-based polymer forming the binder examples include polyethylene, polypropylene, natural rubber, polybutadiene, polyisoprene, polystyrene, polystyrene butadiene copolymer, styrene-based thermoplastic elastomer, polybutylene, and acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer. , Or these hydrocarbon polymers.
- the styrene-based thermoplastic elastomer or its hydride is not particularly limited, and for example, styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene block copolymer (SEBS), styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer (SIS), hydride SIS.
- SEBS styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene block copolymer
- SIS styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer
- SIS hydride SIS
- Styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer SBS
- hydrogenated SBS styrene-ethylene-ethylene-propylene-styrene block copolymer
- SEEPS styrene-ethylene-propylene-styrene block copolymer
- SEPS styrene-ethylene-propylene-styrene block copolymer
- SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
- HSBR hydride styrene-butadiene rubber
- random copolymers corresponding to the above-mentioned block copolymers such as SEBS.
- the hydrocarbon polymer having no unsaturated group (for example, 1,2-butadiene constituent) bonded to the main chain is preferable because it can suppress the formation of chemical crosslinks.
- Commercially available products can be used as the hydrocarbon polymer having the above functional groups.
- Tough Tech M1911, Tough Tech M1913 (trade name, manufactured by Asahi Kasei Co., Ltd.), SUMIFITT series (manufactured by Sumika Chemtex Co., Ltd.), DYNARON4630P, DYNARON8630P ( Product name, JSR), Nipol LX series (Nippon Zeon).
- the vinyl-based polymer forming the vinyl-based polymer binder examples include a polymer containing, for example, 50 mol% or more of a vinyl-based monomer other than the (meth) acrylic compound (M1).
- the vinyl-based monomer examples include vinyl compounds described later.
- Specific examples of the vinyl polymer include polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetal, polyvinyl acetate, and a copolymer containing these.
- the vinyl-based polymer preferably has a constituent component derived from the (meth) acrylic compound (M1) that forms the (meth) acrylic polymer described later.
- the content of the constituent component derived from the vinyl-based monomer is preferably the same as the content of the constituent component derived from the (meth) acrylic compound (M1) in the (meth) acrylic polymer.
- the content of the constituent component derived from the (meth) acrylic compound (M1) is not particularly limited as long as it is less than 50% by mass in the polymer, but it is preferably 0 to 30% by mass.
- the (meth) acrylic polymer forming the (meth) acrylic polymer binder is selected from, for example, a (meth) acrylic acid compound, a (meth) acrylic acid ester compound, a (meth) acrylamide compound and a (meth) acrylic nitrile compound.
- a polymer obtained by copolymerizing at least one (meth) acrylic compound (M1) to be obtained is preferable.
- a (meth) acrylic polymer composed of a copolymer of the (meth) acrylic compound (M1) and another polymerizable compound (M2) is also preferable.
- Examples of the (meth) acrylic acid ester compound (M1) include a (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester compound, and the carbon number of the alkyl group thereof is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 1 to 24. It is preferably 3 to 20, more preferably 4 to 16, and even more preferably 6 to 14.
- the other polymerizable compound (M2) is not particularly limited, and includes styrene compounds, vinylnaphthalene compounds, vinylcarbazole compounds, allyl compounds, vinyl ether compounds, vinyl ester compounds, dialkyl itaconates, unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydrides, and the like. Vinyl compounds can be mentioned. Examples of the vinyl compound include "vinyl-based monomers" described in JP-A-2015-88886.
- the content of the other polymerizable compound (M2) in the (meth) acrylic polymer is not particularly limited, but can be, for example, less than 50 mol%.
- the content of the chain-growth polymer binder in the composition containing an inorganic solid electrolyte is not particularly limited, but the solid content is 100% by mass in that the dispersion stability, handleability and adhesion to the current collector can be improved in a well-balanced manner. , 0.02 to 5.0% by mass, more preferably 0.05 to 3.0% by mass, and even more preferably 0.1 to 2.0% by mass.
- the polymer binder contained in the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition of the present invention may contain at least one type of fluorine-containing binder, and may contain two or more types.
- the polymer binder contains a fluorine-containing binder include a mode containing a fluorine-containing binder alone, a mode containing two or more types of a fluorine-containing binder, and a mode containing one or more types of a fluorine-containing binder and a particulate binder.
- an embodiment further containing a chain polymerization polymer can be mentioned.
- the chain polymerization polymer binder contained in the polymer binder may be at least one selected from the group consisting of a hydrocarbon polymer binder, a vinyl polymer binder and a (meth) acrylic polymer binder.
- the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition of the present invention may contain a binder other than the above-mentioned polymer binder and particulate binder.
- the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition of the present invention preferably contains a dispersion medium for dispersing each of the above components.
- the dispersion medium may be an organic compound that is liquid in the usage environment, and examples thereof include various organic solvents. Specifically, an alcohol compound, an ether compound, an amide compound, an amine compound, a ketone compound, and an aromatic compound. , Aliper compounds, nitrile compounds, ester compounds and the like.
- the dispersion medium may be a non-polar dispersion medium (hydrophobic dispersion medium) or a polar dispersion medium (hydrophilic dispersion medium), but a non-polar dispersion medium is preferable because it can exhibit excellent dispersibility.
- the non-polar dispersion medium generally has a property of having a low affinity for water, and in the present invention, for example, an ester compound, a ketone compound, an ether compound, a perfume compound, an aliphatic compound and the like can be mentioned.
- alcohol compounds include methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, 1-propyl alcohol, 2-propyl alcohol, 2-butanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin, 1,6-hexanediol, cyclohexanediol, sorbitol, xylitol, 2 -Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol can be mentioned.
- ether compound examples include alkylene glycol (diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, etc.), alkylene glycol monoalkyl ether (ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, etc.).
- alkylene glycol diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, etc.
- alkylene glycol monoalkyl ether ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, etc.
- amide compound examples include N, N-dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 2-pyrrolidinone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, ⁇ -caprolactam, formamide, N-methylformamide and acetamide. , N-Methylacetamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpropanamide, hexamethylphosphoric triamide and the like.
- Examples of the amine compound include triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, tributylamine and the like.
- Examples of the ketone compound include acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, cycloheptanone, dipropyl ketone, dibutyl ketone, diisopropyl ketone, diisobutyl ketone (DIBK), isobutyl propyl ketone, sec-. Examples thereof include butyl propyl ketone, pentyl propyl ketone and butyl propyl ketone.
- Examples of the aromatic compound include benzene, toluene, xylene and the like.
- Examples of the aliphatic compound include hexane, heptane, octane, decane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, ethylcyclohexane, cyclooctane, decalin, paraffin, gasoline, naphtha, kerosene, and light oil.
- Examples of the nitrile compound include acetonitrile, propionitrile, isobutyronitrile and the like.
- ester compound examples include ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, propyl acetate, propyl butyrate, isopropyl butyrate, butyl butyrate, isobutyl butyrate, butyl pentanate, ethyl isobutyrate, propyl isobutyrate, isopropyl isobutyrate, isobutyl isobutyrate, and pivalic acid.
- Examples thereof include propyl, isopropyl pivalate, butyl pivalate, and isobutyl pivalate.
- ether compounds, ketone compounds, aromatic compounds, aliphatic compounds and ester compounds are preferable, and ester compounds, ketone compounds or ether compounds are more preferable.
- the number of carbon atoms of the compound constituting the dispersion medium is not particularly limited, and is preferably 2 to 30, more preferably 4 to 20, further preferably 6 to 15, and particularly preferably 7 to 12.
- the dispersion medium preferably has an SP value (MPa 1/2 ) of 9 to 21, more preferably 10 to 20, and 11 to 19 in terms of dispersion stability of the solid particles. Is more preferable.
- the difference (absolute value) in the SP value between the dispersion medium and the fluorine-based copolymer is not particularly limited, but the molecular chain of the fluorine-based copolymer expands in the dispersion medium to improve its own dispersibility. It is preferably 8 or less, more preferably 0 to 7.5, and even more preferably 3 to 7.5, in that the dispersion stability of the solid particles can be further improved.
- the SP value of the dispersion medium is a value obtained by converting the SP value calculated by the Hoy method described above into the unit MPa 1/2.
- the SP value of the dispersion medium means the SP value of the entire dispersion medium, and the product of the SP value of each dispersion medium and the mass fraction. Let it be the sum. Specifically, it is calculated in the same manner as the above-mentioned method for calculating the SP value of the polymer, except that the SP value of each dispersion medium is used instead of the SP value of the constituent components.
- the dispersion medium having an SP value (MPa 1/2 ) of 9 to 21 is shown below together with the SP value (unit is omitted).
- MIBK (18.4), diisopropyl ether (16.8), dibutyl ether (17.9), diisopropyl ketone (17.9), DIBK (17.9), butyl butyrate (18.6), butyl acetate (18) .9), Toluene (18.5), Ethylcyclohexane (17.1), Cyclooctane (18.8)
- the dispersion medium preferably has a boiling point of 50 ° C. or higher at normal pressure (1 atm), and more preferably 70 ° C. or higher.
- the upper limit is preferably 250 ° C. or lower, and more preferably 220 ° C. or lower.
- the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition of the present invention may contain at least one type of dispersion medium, and may contain two or more types.
- the content of the dispersion medium in the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition is not particularly limited and can be appropriately set.
- 20 to 80% by mass is preferable, 30 to 70% by mass is more preferable, and 40 to 60% by mass is particularly preferable.
- the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition of the present invention may also contain an active material capable of inserting and releasing ions of a metal belonging to Group 1 or Group 2 of the periodic table.
- the active material include a positive electrode active material and a negative electrode active material, which will be described below.
- an inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition containing an active material positive electrode active material or negative electrode active material
- an electrode composition positive electrode composition or negative electrode composition
- the positive electrode active material is an active material capable of inserting and releasing ions of a metal belonging to Group 1 or Group 2 of the periodic table, and is preferably one capable of reversibly inserting and releasing lithium ions.
- the material is not particularly limited as long as it has the above characteristics, and may be a transition metal oxide, an organic substance, an element that can be composited with Li such as sulfur, or the like by decomposing the battery.
- the 1 (Ia) group elements of the transition metal oxide to elemental M b (Table metal periodic other than lithium, the elements of the 2 (IIa) group, Al, Ga, In, Ge , Sn, Pb, Elements such as Sb, Bi, Si, P and B) may be mixed.
- the mixing amount is preferably 0 to 30 mol% relative to the amount of the transition metal element M a (100 mol%). That the molar ratio of li / M a was synthesized were mixed so that 0.3 to 2.2, more preferably.
- transition metal oxide examples include (MA) a transition metal oxide having a layered rock salt type structure, (MB) a transition metal oxide having a spinel type structure, (MC) a lithium-containing transition metal phosphoric acid compound, and (MD). ) Lithium-containing transition metal halide phosphoric acid compound, (ME) lithium-containing transition metal silicic acid compound, and the like.
- transition metal oxide having a layered rock salt structure examples include LiCoO 2 (lithium cobalt oxide [LCO]), LiNi 2 O 2 (lithium nickel oxide), LiNi 0.85 Co 0.10 Al 0. 05 O 2 (Lithium Nickel Cobalt Oxide [NCA]), LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 (Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide [NMC]) and LiNi 0.5 Mn 0.5 O 2 ( Lithium manganese nickel oxide).
- LiCoO 2 lithium cobalt oxide [LCO]
- LiNi 2 O 2 lithium nickel oxide
- LiNi 0.85 Co 0.10 Al 0. 05 O 2 Lithium Nickel Cobalt Oxide [NCA]
- LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide [NMC]
- LiNi 0.5 Mn 0.5 O 2 Lithium manganese nickel oxide
- (MB) Specific examples of the transition metal oxide having a spinel structure, LiMn 2 O 4 (LMO) , LiCoMnO 4, Li 2 FeMn 3 O 8, Li 2 CuMn 3 O 8, Li 2 CrMn 3 O 8 and Li 2 Nimn 3 O 8 can be mentioned.
- Examples of the (MC) lithium-containing transition metal phosphate compound include olivine-type iron phosphate salts such as LiFePO 4 and Li 3 Fe 2 (PO 4 ) 3 , iron pyrophosphates such as LiFeP 2 O 7 , and LiCoPO 4.
- Examples thereof include cobalt phosphates of the above and monoclinic panocycon-type vanadium phosphate salts such as Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 (vanadium lithium phosphate).
- (MD) as the lithium-containing transition metal halogenated phosphate compound for example, Li 2 FePO 4 F such fluorinated phosphorus iron salt, Li 2 MnPO 4 hexafluorophosphate manganese salts such as F and Li 2 CoPO 4 F Fluorophosphate cobalts and the like.
- Examples of the (ME) lithium-containing transition metal silicic acid compound include Li 2 FeSiO 4 , Li 2 MnSiO 4 , and Li 2 CoSiO 4 .
- a transition metal oxide having a (MA) layered rock salt type structure is preferable, and LCO or NMC is more preferable.
- the shape of the positive electrode active material is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the form of particles.
- the particle size (volume average particle size) of the positive electrode active material is not particularly limited. For example, it can be 0.1 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the particle size of the positive electrode active material particles can be measured in the same manner as the particle size of the above-mentioned inorganic solid electrolyte.
- a normal crusher or classifier is used to adjust the positive electrode active material to a predetermined particle size. For example, a mortar, a ball mill, a sand mill, a vibrating ball mill, a satellite ball mill, a planetary ball mill, a swirling airflow type jet mill, a sieve, or the like is preferably used.
- wet pulverization in which a dispersion medium such as water or methanol coexists can also be performed. It is preferable to perform classification in order to obtain a desired particle size.
- the classification is not particularly limited, and can be performed using a sieve, a wind power classifier, or the like. Both dry and wet classifications can be used.
- the positive electrode active material obtained by the firing method may be used after being washed with water, an acidic aqueous solution, an alkaline aqueous solution, or an organic solvent.
- the positive electrode active material one type may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the mass (mg) (grain amount) of the positive electrode active material per unit area (cm 2) of the positive electrode active material layer is not particularly limited. It can be appropriately determined according to the designed battery capacity, and can be, for example, 1 to 100 mg / cm 2 .
- the content of the positive electrode active material in the composition containing an inorganic solid electrolyte is not particularly limited, and is preferably 10 to 97% by mass, more preferably 30 to 95% by mass, and 40 to 93% by mass in terms of solid content of 100% by mass. More preferably, 50 to 90% by mass is particularly preferable.
- the negative electrode active material is an active material capable of inserting and releasing ions of a metal belonging to Group 1 or Group 2 of the periodic table, and is preferably one capable of reversibly inserting and releasing lithium ions.
- the material is not particularly limited as long as it has the above characteristics, and is a negative electrode activity capable of forming an alloy with a carbonaceous material, a metal oxide, a metal composite oxide, a single lithium substance, a lithium alloy, or lithium. Examples include substances. Of these, carbonaceous materials, metal composite oxides, or elemental lithium are preferably used from the viewpoint of reliability.
- An active material that can be alloyed with lithium is preferable in that the capacity of the all-solid-state secondary battery can be increased.
- a negative electrode active material capable of forming an alloy with lithium can be used as the negative electrode active material. This makes it possible to increase the capacity of the all-solid-state secondary battery and extend the life of the battery.
- the carbonaceous material used as the negative electrode active material is a material substantially composed of carbon.
- carbon black such as acetylene black (AB), graphite (artificial graphite such as natural graphite and vapor-grown graphite), and PAN (polyacrylonitrile) -based resin or furfuryl alcohol resin.
- a carbonaceous material obtained by firing a resin can be mentioned.
- various carbon fibers such as PAN-based carbon fibers, cellulose-based carbon fibers, pitch-based carbon fibers, vapor-grown carbon fibers, dehydrated PVA (polypoly alcohol) -based carbon fibers, lignin carbon fibers, graphitic carbon fibers and activated carbon fibers.
- carbonaceous materials can also be divided into non-graphitizable carbonaceous materials (also referred to as hard carbon) and graphite-based carbonaceous materials depending on the degree of graphitization. Further, the carbonaceous material preferably has the plane spacing or density and the size of crystallites described in JP-A No. 62-22066, JP-A No. 2-6856, and JP-A-3-45473.
- the carbonaceous material does not have to be a single material, and a mixture of natural graphite and artificial graphite described in JP-A-5-90844, graphite having a coating layer described in JP-A-6-4516, and the like should be used. You can also.
- As the carbonaceous material hard carbon or graphite is preferably used, and graphite is more preferably used.
- the metal or semi-metal element oxide applied as the negative electrode active material is not particularly limited as long as it is an oxide capable of storing and releasing lithium, and is a composite of a metal element oxide (metal oxide) and a metal element.
- metal oxide metal oxide
- examples thereof include oxides or composite oxides of metal elements and semi-metal elements (collectively referred to as metal composite oxides) and oxides of semi-metal elements (semi-metal oxides).
- metal composite oxides oxides or composite oxides of metal elements and semi-metal elements
- oxides of semi-metal elements semi-metal elements
- amorphous oxides are preferable, and chalcogenides, which are reaction products of metal elements and elements of Group 16 of the periodic table, are also preferable.
- the metalloid element means an element exhibiting properties intermediate between a metalloid element and a non-metalloid element, and usually contains six elements of boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony and tellurium, and further selenium. , Polonium and Astatine.
- amorphous means an X-ray diffraction method using CuK ⁇ rays, which has a broad scattering band having an apex in a region of 20 ° to 40 ° in 2 ⁇ value, and a crystalline diffraction line is used. You may have.
- the strongest intensity of the crystalline diffraction lines found at the 2 ⁇ value of 40 ° to 70 ° is 100 times or less the diffraction line intensity at the apex of the broad scattering band seen at the 2 ⁇ value of 20 ° to 40 °. It is preferable that it is 5 times or less, and it is particularly preferable that it does not have a crystalline diffraction line.
- the amorphous oxide of the metalloid element or the chalcogenide is more preferable, and the elements of the groups 13 (IIIB) to 15 (VB) of the periodic table (for example).
- Al, Ga, Si, Sn, Ge, Pb, Sb and Bi) alone or a combination of two or more (composite) oxides, or chalcogenides are particularly preferred.
- preferable amorphous oxides and chalcogenides include, for example, Ga 2 O 3 , GeO, PbO, PbO 2 , Pb 2 O 3 , Pb 2 O 4 , Pb 3 O 4 , Sb 2 O 3 , Sb 2.
- Negative electrode active materials that can be used in combination with amorphous oxides such as Sn, Si, and Ge include carbonic materials capable of occluding and / or releasing lithium ions or lithium metals, lithium alone, lithium alloys, and lithium.
- a negative electrode active material that can be alloyed with is preferably mentioned.
- the oxide of a metal or a metalloid element contains at least one of titanium and lithium as constituent components from the viewpoint of high current density charge / discharge characteristics.
- the lithium-containing metal composite oxide include a composite oxide of lithium oxide and the metal (composite) oxide or the chalcogenide, and more specifically, Li 2 SnO 2.
- the negative electrode active material for example, a metal oxide, contains a titanium element (titanium oxide).
- Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 lithium titanate [LTO]
- LTO lithium titanate
- the lithium alloy as the negative electrode active material is not particularly limited as long as it is an alloy usually used as the negative electrode active material of the secondary battery, and examples thereof include a lithium aluminum alloy.
- the negative electrode active material that can be alloyed with lithium is not particularly limited as long as it is usually used as the negative electrode active material of the secondary battery. Such an active material has a large expansion and contraction due to charging and discharging of the all-solid secondary battery and accelerates the deterioration of the cycle characteristics.
- the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition of the present invention contains the above-mentioned fluorine-containing binder, It is possible to suppress the deterioration of cycle characteristics.
- Examples of such an active material include a (negative electrode) active material having a silicon element or a tin element (alloy, etc.), and metals such as Al and In, and a negative electrode active material having a silicon element that enables a higher battery capacity.
- a silicon element-containing active material (Silicon element-containing active material) is preferable, and a silicon element-containing active material having a silicon element content of 50 mol% or more of all the constituent elements is more preferable.
- a negative electrode containing these negative electrode active materials (for example, a Si negative electrode containing a silicon element-containing active material, a Sn negative electrode containing a tin element active material, etc.) is a carbon negative electrode (graphite, acetylene black, etc.). ), It can occlude more Li ions. That is, the amount of Li ions occluded per unit mass increases. Therefore, the battery capacity (energy density) can be increased. As a result, there is an advantage that the battery drive time can be lengthened.
- silicon element-containing active material examples include silicon materials such as Si and SiOx (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1), and silicon-containing alloys containing titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, nickel, copper, lanthanum, and the like (for example,). LaSi 2 , VSi 2 , La-Si, Gd-Si, Ni-Si) or organized active material (eg LaSi 2 / Si), as well as other silicon and tin elements such as SnSiO 3 , SnSiS 3 Examples include active materials containing.
- SiOx itself can be used as a negative electrode active material (semi-metal oxide), and since Si is generated by the operation of an all-solid-state secondary battery, a negative electrode active material that can be alloyed with lithium (its). It can be used as a precursor substance).
- the negative electrode active material having a tin element include Sn, SnO, SnO 2 , SnS, SnS 2 , and the active material containing the silicon element and the tin element.
- a composite oxide with lithium oxide for example, Li 2 SnO 2 can also be mentioned.
- the above-mentioned negative electrode active material can be used without particular limitation, but in terms of battery capacity, a negative electrode active material that can be alloyed with silicon is a preferable embodiment as the negative electrode active material.
- a negative electrode active material that can be alloyed with silicon is a preferable embodiment as the negative electrode active material.
- the above-mentioned silicon material or silicon-containing alloy (alloy containing a silicon element) is more preferable, and it is further preferable to contain silicon (Si) or a silicon-containing alloy.
- the chemical formula of the compound obtained by the above firing method can be calculated from the inductively coupled plasma (ICP) emission spectroscopic analysis method as a measurement method and the mass difference of the powder before and after firing as a simple method.
- ICP inductively coupled plasma
- the shape of the negative electrode active material is not particularly limited, but it is preferably in the form of particles.
- the volume average particle size of the negative electrode active material is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 to 60 ⁇ m.
- the volume average particle size of the negative electrode active material particles can be measured in the same manner as the particle size of the inorganic solid electrolyte. In order to obtain a predetermined particle size, a normal crusher or classifier is used as in the case of the positive electrode active material.
- the negative electrode active material may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the mass (mg) (grain amount) of the negative electrode active material per unit area (cm 2) of the negative electrode active material layer is not particularly limited. It can be appropriately determined according to the designed battery capacity, and can be, for example, 1 to 100 mg / cm 2 .
- the content of the negative electrode active material in the composition containing an inorganic solid electrolyte is not particularly limited, and is preferably 10 to 90% by mass, more preferably 20 to 85% by mass, and 30 to 30% by mass in terms of solid content of 100% by mass. It is more preferably 80% by mass, and even more preferably 40 to 75% by mass.
- the negative electrode active material layer when the negative electrode active material layer is formed by charging the secondary battery, instead of the negative electrode active material, a metal belonging to Group 1 or Group 2 of the periodic table generated in the all-solid-state secondary battery Ions can be used.
- the negative electrode active material layer can be formed by combining these ions with electrons and precipitating them as a metal.
- the surfaces of the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material may be surface-coated with another metal oxide.
- the surface coating agent include metal oxides containing Ti, Nb, Ta, W, Zr, Al, Si or Li. Specific examples thereof include spinel titanate, tantalum oxide, niobate oxide, lithium niobate compound and the like.
- the surface of the electrode containing the positive electrode active material or the negative electrode active material may be surface-treated with sulfur or phosphorus.
- the surface of the positive electrode active material or the particle surface of the negative electrode active material may be surface-treated with active light rays or an active gas (plasma or the like) before and after the surface coating.
- the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition of the present invention preferably contains a conductive auxiliary agent, and for example, a silicon atom-containing active material as a negative electrode active material is preferably used in combination with a conductive auxiliary agent.
- the conductive auxiliary agent is not particularly limited, and those known as general conductive auxiliary agents can be used.
- graphites such as natural graphite and artificial graphite, carbon blacks such as acetylene black, ketjen black and furnace black, amorphous carbon such as needle coke, vapor-grown carbon fibers or carbon nanotubes, which are electron conductive materials.
- It may be a carbon fiber such as graphene or fullerene, a metal powder such as copper or nickel, or a metal fiber, and a conductive polymer such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyacetylene, or polyphenylene derivative. May be used.
- a conductive auxiliary agent is one that does not insert and release ions) and does not function as an active material.
- conductive auxiliary agents those that can function as active materials in the active material layer when the battery is charged and discharged are classified as active materials instead of conductive auxiliary agents. Whether or not the battery functions as an active material when it is charged and discharged is not unique and is determined by the combination with the active material.
- the conductive auxiliary agent may contain one kind or two or more kinds.
- the shape of the conductive auxiliary agent is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the form of particles.
- the content of the conductive auxiliary agent in the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition is preferably 0 to 10% by mass based on 100% by mass of the solid content.
- the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition of the present invention preferably contains a lithium salt (supporting electrolyte).
- the lithium salt the lithium salt usually used for this kind of product is preferable, and there is no particular limitation.
- the lithium salt described in paragraphs 882 to 985 of JP2015-088486 is preferable.
- the content of the lithium salt is preferably 0.1 part by mass or more, more preferably 5 parts by mass or more, based on 100 parts by mass of the solid electrolyte.
- the upper limit is preferably 50 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 20 parts by mass or less.
- the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition of the present invention does not have to contain a dispersant other than this polymer binder, but may contain a dispersant.
- the dispersant those usually used for all-solid-state secondary batteries can be appropriately selected and used. In general, compounds intended for particle adsorption, steric repulsion and / or electrostatic repulsion are preferably used.
- the composition containing an inorganic solid electrolyte of the present invention contains an ionic liquid, a thickener, and a cross-linking agent (such as those that undergo a cross-linking reaction by radical polymerization, condensation polymerization, or ring-opening polymerization) as other components other than the above components.
- a cross-linking agent such as those that undergo a cross-linking reaction by radical polymerization, condensation polymerization, or ring-opening polymerization
- Polymerization initiators such as those that generate acids or radicals by heat or light
- defoaming agents leveling agents, dehydrating agents, antioxidants and the like
- the ionic liquid is contained in order to further improve the ionic conductivity, and known ones can be used without particular limitation.
- a polymer other than the polymer forming the polymer binder described above, a commonly used binder and the like may be contained.
- the composition containing an inorganic solid electrolyte of the present invention comprises an inorganic solid electrolyte, a fluorine-containing binder as a polymer binder, a dispersion medium, preferably a particulate binder, a chain-growth polymer binder, a conductive additive, and optionally a lithium salt.
- Any other component can be prepared, for example, as a mixture, preferably as a slurry, by mixing in various commonly used mixers.
- the active material is further mixed.
- the mixing method is not particularly limited, and the mixture may be mixed all at once or sequentially.
- the mixing environment is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include under dry air and under an inert gas.
- the sheet for an all-solid-state secondary battery of the present invention is a sheet-like molded body capable of forming a constituent layer of an all-solid-state secondary battery, and includes various aspects depending on its use.
- a sheet preferably used for a solid electrolyte layer also referred to as a solid electrolyte sheet for an all-solid secondary battery
- an electrode or a sheet preferably used for a laminate of an electrode and a solid electrolyte layer (an electrode for an all-solid secondary battery).
- Sheet and the like.
- these various sheets are collectively referred to as an all-solid-state secondary battery sheet.
- the solid electrolyte sheet for an all-solid secondary battery of the present invention may be a sheet having a solid electrolyte layer, and even a sheet having a solid electrolyte layer formed on a base material does not have a base material and is a solid electrolyte layer. It may be a sheet formed of.
- the solid electrolyte sheet for an all-solid secondary battery may have another layer in addition to the solid electrolyte layer. Examples of other layers include a protective layer (release sheet), a current collector, a coat layer, and the like.
- the solid electrolyte sheet for an all-solid secondary battery of the present invention for example, a sheet having a layer composed of the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition of the present invention, a normal solid electrolyte layer, and a protective layer on a substrate in this order.
- the solid electrolyte layer contained in the solid electrolyte sheet for an all-solid secondary battery is preferably formed of the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition of the present invention.
- the content of each component in the solid electrolyte layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably synonymous with the content of each component in the solid content of the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition of the present invention.
- the layer thickness of each layer constituting the solid electrolyte sheet for an all-solid-state secondary battery is the same as the layer thickness of each layer described in the all-solid-state secondary battery described later.
- the base material is not particularly limited as long as it can support the solid electrolyte layer, and examples thereof include a material described in the current collector described later, a sheet body (plate-like body) such as an organic material and an inorganic material.
- a material described in the current collector described later a sheet body (plate-like body) such as an organic material and an inorganic material.
- the organic material include various polymers, and specific examples thereof include polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polyethylene, and cellulose.
- the inorganic material include glass and ceramics.
- the electrode sheet for an all-solid-state secondary battery of the present invention may be an electrode sheet having an active material layer, and the active material layer is formed on a base material (current collector).
- the sheet may be a sheet that does not have a base material and is formed from an active material layer.
- This electrode sheet is usually a sheet having a current collector and an active material layer, but an embodiment having a current collector, an active material layer and a solid electrolyte layer in this order, and a current collector, an active material layer and a solid electrolyte. An embodiment having a layer and an active material layer in this order is also included.
- the solid electrolyte layer and the active material layer of the electrode sheet are preferably formed of the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition of the present invention.
- the content of each component in the solid electrolyte layer or the active material layer is not particularly limited, but preferably, the content of each component in the solid content of the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition (electrode composition) of the present invention. Is synonymous with.
- the layer thickness of each layer constituting the electrode sheet of the present invention is the same as the layer thickness of each layer described in the all-solid-state secondary battery described later.
- the electrode sheet of the present invention may have the other layers described above.
- the sheet for an all-solid-state secondary battery of the present invention has at least one solid electrolyte layer and an active material layer formed of the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition of the present invention, and has a flat surface and a low resistance constituent layer. There is. Therefore, by using the sheet for the all-solid-state secondary battery of the present invention as a constituent layer of the all-solid-state secondary battery, excellent cycle characteristics of the all-solid-state secondary battery and low resistance can be realized. In particular, in the electrode sheet for an all-solid-state secondary battery and the all-solid-state secondary battery in which the active material layer is formed of the composition containing the inorganic solid electrolyte of the present invention, the active material layer and the current collector show strong adhesion and cycle. Further improvement of characteristics can be realized. Therefore, the sheet for an all-solid-state secondary battery of the present invention is suitably used as a sheet capable of forming a constituent layer of an all-solid-state secondary battery.
- the method for producing the sheet for an all-solid secondary battery of the present invention is not particularly limited, and the sheet can be produced by forming each of the above layers using the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition of the present invention.
- a film is formed (coating and drying) on a base material or a current collector (which may be via another layer) to form a layer (coating and drying layer) composed of an inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition.
- the method can be mentioned. Thereby, an all-solid-state secondary battery sheet having a base material or a current collector and a coating dry layer can be produced.
- the coating dry layer is a layer formed by applying the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition of the present invention and drying the dispersion medium (that is, the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition of the present invention is used.
- the dispersion medium may remain as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired, and the residual amount may be, for example, 3% by mass or less in each layer.
- each step such as coating and drying will be described in the following method for producing an all-solid-state secondary battery.
- the coating dry layer obtained as described above can also be pressurized.
- the pressurizing conditions and the like will be described later in the method for manufacturing an all-solid-state secondary battery.
- the base material, the protective layer (particularly the release sheet) and the like can be peeled off.
- the all-solid secondary battery of the present invention has a positive electrode active material layer, a negative electrode active material layer facing the positive electrode active material layer, and a solid electrolyte layer arranged between the positive electrode active material layer and the negative electrode active material layer.
- the positive electrode active material layer is preferably formed on the positive electrode current collector to form the positive electrode.
- the negative electrode active material layer is preferably formed on the negative electrode current collector to form the negative electrode.
- At least one layer of the negative electrode active material layer, the positive electrode active material layer and the solid electrolyte layer is formed of the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition of the present invention, and all the layers are formed of the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition of the present invention.
- the active material layer or the solid electrolyte layer formed of the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition of the present invention is preferably one in the solid content of the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition of the present invention with respect to the component species contained therein and the content ratio thereof. Is the same as.
- a known material can be used.
- the thicknesses of the negative electrode active material layer, the solid electrolyte layer, and the positive electrode active material layer are not particularly limited.
- each layer is preferably 10 to 1,000 ⁇ m, more preferably 20 ⁇ m or more and less than 500 ⁇ m, respectively, in consideration of the dimensions of a general all-solid-state secondary battery.
- the thickness of at least one of the positive electrode active material layer and the negative electrode active material layer is more preferably 50 ⁇ m or more and less than 500 ⁇ m.
- the positive electrode active material layer and the negative electrode active material layer may each have a current collector on the opposite side of the solid electrolyte layer.
- the all-solid-state secondary battery of the present invention may be used as an all-solid-state secondary battery with the above structure, but in order to form a dry battery, it should be further enclosed in a suitable housing.
- the housing may be made of metal or resin (plastic).
- a metallic material for example, one made of aluminum alloy or stainless steel can be mentioned.
- the metallic housing is divided into a positive electrode side housing and a negative electrode side housing, and electrically connected to the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector, respectively. It is preferable that the housing on the positive electrode side and the housing on the negative electrode side are joined and integrated via a gasket for preventing a short circuit.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an all-solid-state secondary battery (lithium ion secondary battery) according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- the all-solid-state secondary battery 10 of the present embodiment has a negative electrode current collector 1, a negative electrode active material layer 2, a solid electrolyte layer 3, a positive electrode active material layer 4, and a positive electrode current collector 5 in this order when viewed from the negative electrode side. ..
- Each layer is in contact with each other and has an adjacent structure.
- the lithium ions (Li + ) accumulated in the negative electrode are returned to the positive electrode side, and electrons are supplied to the operating portion 6.
- a light bulb is used as a model for the operating portion 6, and the light bulb is turned on by electric discharge.
- the all-solid-state secondary battery having the layer structure shown in FIG. 1 When the all-solid-state secondary battery having the layer structure shown in FIG. 1 is placed in a 2032-inch coin case, the all-solid-state secondary battery is referred to as an all-solid-state secondary battery laminate, and the all-solid-state secondary battery laminate is referred to as an all-solid-state secondary battery laminate.
- a battery manufactured by putting it in a 2032 type coin case is sometimes called an all-solid-state secondary battery.
- the positive electrode active material layer, the solid electrolyte layer, and the negative electrode active material layer are all formed of the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition of the present invention.
- the all-solid-state secondary battery 10 exhibits excellent battery performance.
- the inorganic solid electrolyte and the polymer binder (fluorine-containing binder) contained in the positive electrode active material layer 4, the solid electrolyte layer 3, and the negative electrode active material layer 2 may be of the same type or different from each other.
- either or both of the positive electrode active material layer and the negative electrode active material layer may be simply referred to as an active material layer or an electrode active material layer. Further, either or both of the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material may be collectively referred to as an active material or an electrode active material.
- an all-solid-state secondary battery having excellent cycle characteristics and an all-solid-state secondary battery having low resistance can be realized.
- the negative electrode active material layer can be a lithium metal layer.
- the lithium metal layer include a layer formed by depositing or molding a lithium metal powder, a lithium foil, a lithium vapor deposition film, and the like.
- the thickness of the lithium metal layer can be, for example, 1 to 500 ⁇ m regardless of the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer.
- the positive electrode current collector 5 and the negative electrode current collector 1 are preferably electron conductors.
- either or both of the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector may be collectively referred to as a current collector.
- a current collector As a material for forming the positive electrode current collector, in addition to aluminum, aluminum alloy, stainless steel, nickel and titanium, the surface of aluminum or stainless steel is treated with carbon, nickel, titanium or silver (a thin film is formed). Of these, aluminum and aluminum alloys are more preferable.
- As a material for forming the negative electrode current collector in addition to aluminum, copper, copper alloy, stainless steel, nickel and titanium, carbon, nickel, titanium or silver is treated on the surface of aluminum, copper, copper alloy or stainless steel.
- aluminum, copper, copper alloy and stainless steel are more preferable.
- the shape of the current collector is usually a film sheet, but a net, a punched body, a lath body, a porous body, a foam body, a molded body of a fiber group, or the like can also be used.
- the thickness of the current collector is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 500 ⁇ m. Further, it is also preferable that the surface of the current collector is made uneven by surface treatment.
- a layer formed of a known constituent layer forming material can be applied to the positive electrode active material layer.
- a functional layer, a member, or the like is appropriately interposed or arranged between or outside each of the negative electrode current collector, the negative electrode active material layer, the solid electrolyte layer, the positive electrode active material layer, and the positive electrode current collector. You may. Further, each layer may be composed of a single layer or a plurality of layers.
- the all-solid-state secondary battery can be manufactured by a conventional method. Specifically, the all-solid-state secondary battery can be manufactured by forming each of the above layers using the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition or the like of the present invention. The details will be described below.
- the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition of the present invention is appropriately applied onto a base material (for example, a metal foil serving as a current collector) to form a coating film (film formation).
- a method including (via) a step a method for producing a sheet for an all-solid-state secondary battery of the present invention
- an inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition containing a positive electrode active material is applied as a positive electrode material (positive electrode composition) on a metal foil which is a positive electrode current collector to form a positive electrode active material layer, and the entire solid is formed.
- a positive electrode sheet for a secondary battery is produced.
- an inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition for forming the solid electrolyte layer is applied onto the positive electrode active material layer to form the solid electrolyte layer.
- an inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition containing a negative electrode active material is applied as a negative electrode material (negative electrode composition) on the solid electrolyte layer to form a negative electrode active material layer.
- a negative electrode current collector metal foil
- an all-solid secondary battery having a structure in which a solid electrolyte layer is sandwiched between the positive electrode active material layer and the negative electrode active material layer can be obtained. Can be done. This can be enclosed in a housing to obtain a desired all-solid-state secondary battery.
- a negative electrode active material layer, a solid electrolyte layer and a positive electrode active material layer are formed on the negative electrode current collector, and the positive electrode current collectors are superposed to manufacture an all-solid secondary battery. You can also do it.
- a positive electrode sheet for an all-solid-state secondary battery is produced. Further, an inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition containing a negative electrode active material is applied as a negative electrode material (negative electrode composition) on a metal foil which is a negative electrode current collector to form a negative electrode active material layer, and the entire solid is formed. A negative electrode sheet for a secondary battery is manufactured. Next, a solid electrolyte layer is formed on the active material layer of any one of these sheets as described above.
- the other of the positive electrode sheet for the all-solid-state secondary battery and the negative electrode sheet for the all-solid-state secondary battery is laminated on the solid electrolyte layer so that the solid electrolyte layer and the active material layer are in contact with each other.
- an all-solid-state secondary battery can be manufactured.
- the following method can be mentioned. That is, as described above, a positive electrode sheet for an all-solid-state secondary battery and a negative electrode sheet for an all-solid-state secondary battery are produced. Separately from this, an inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition is applied onto a substrate to prepare a solid electrolyte sheet for an all-solid secondary battery composed of a solid electrolyte layer.
- the positive electrode sheet for the all-solid-state secondary battery and the negative electrode sheet for the all-solid-state secondary battery are laminated so as to sandwich the solid electrolyte layer peeled from the base material. In this way, an all-solid-state secondary battery can be manufactured. Further, as described above, a positive electrode sheet for an all-solid-state secondary battery or a negative electrode sheet for an all-solid-state secondary battery, and a solid electrolyte sheet for an all-solid-state secondary battery are produced. Next, the positive electrode sheet for the all-solid secondary battery or the negative electrode sheet for the all-solid secondary battery and the solid electrolyte sheet for the all-solid secondary battery were brought into contact with the positive electrode active material layer or the negative electrode active material layer and the solid electrolyte layer.
- the solid electrolyte layer is transferred to the positive electrode sheet for the all-solid-state secondary battery or the negative electrode sheet for the all-solid-state secondary battery.
- the solid electrolyte layer from which the base material of the solid electrolyte sheet for the all-solid secondary battery is peeled off and the negative electrode sheet for the all-solid secondary battery or the positive electrode sheet for the all-solid secondary battery are separated (the negative electrode active material layer or the negative electrode active material layer on the solid electrolyte layer). (With the positive electrode active material layer in contact), pressurize the layers. In this way, an all-solid-state secondary battery can be manufactured.
- the pressurizing method and pressurizing conditions in this method are not particularly limited, and the methods and pressurizing conditions described later in the pressurization of the applied composition can be applied.
- the solid electrolyte layer or the like can also be formed by, for example, forming an inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition or the like on a substrate or an active material layer by pressure molding under the pressure conditions described later.
- the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition of the present invention may be used as any one of the positive electrode composition, the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition and the negative electrode composition, and the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition may be used. It is preferable to use the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition of the present invention, and the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition of the present invention can be used for any of the compositions.
- the solid electrolyte layer or the active material layer is formed by a composition other than the solid electrolyte composition of the present invention
- examples of the material include commonly used compositions and the like. Further, it belongs to the first group or the second group of the periodic table, which is accumulated in the negative electrode current collector by the initialization or charging during use, which will be described later, without forming the negative electrode active material layer at the time of manufacturing the all-solid secondary battery.
- a negative electrode active material layer can also be formed by combining metal ions with electrons and depositing them as a metal on a negative electrode current collector or the like.
- the solid electrolyte layer or the like can be formed, for example, by pressure-molding the solid electrolyte composition or the like on a substrate or the active material layer under the pressure conditions described later, or a sheet molded body of the solid electrolyte or the active material. It can also be used.
- the method for applying the composition containing an inorganic solid electrolyte is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected.
- coating preferably wet coating
- spray coating spin coating coating
- dip coating coating dip coating coating
- slit coating stripe coating
- bar coating coating can be mentioned.
- the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition may be subjected to a drying treatment after being applied to each of them, or may be subjected to a drying treatment after being applied in multiple layers.
- the drying temperature is not particularly limited.
- the lower limit is preferably 30 ° C. or higher, more preferably 60 ° C. or higher, and even more preferably 80 ° C. or higher.
- the upper limit is preferably 300 ° C.
- the dispersion medium can be removed and a solid state (coating dry layer) can be obtained. Further, it is preferable because the temperature is not raised too high and each member of the all-solid-state secondary battery is not damaged. As a result, in an all-solid-state secondary battery, it is possible to obtain excellent overall performance, good binding properties, and good ionic conductivity even without pressurization.
- the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition of the present invention is applied and dried as described above, it is possible to suppress the variation in the contact state and bind the solid particles, and it is possible to form a coating and drying layer having a flat surface. ..
- the pressurizing method include a hydraulic cylinder press machine and the like.
- the pressing force is not particularly limited, and is generally preferably in the range of 5 to 1500 MPa.
- the applied inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition may be heated at the same time as pressurization.
- the heating temperature is not particularly limited, and is generally in the range of 30 to 300 ° C. It can also be pressed at a temperature higher than the glass transition temperature of the inorganic solid electrolyte.
- the pressurization may be performed in a state where the coating solvent or the dispersion medium is dried in advance, or may be performed in a state where the solvent or the dispersion medium remains.
- each composition may be applied at the same time, and the application drying press may be performed simultaneously and / or sequentially. After coating on separate substrates, they may be laminated by transfer.
- the atmosphere during the manufacturing process is not particularly limited, and is in the atmosphere, in dry air (dew point -20 ° C or less), in an inert gas (for example, in argon gas, helium gas, nitrogen gas). And so on.
- the pressing time may be short (for example, within several hours) and high pressure may be applied, or medium pressure may be applied for a long time (1 day or more).
- an all-solid-state secondary battery restraint screw tightening pressure, etc.
- the press pressure may be uniform or different with respect to the pressed portion such as the sheet surface.
- the press pressure can be changed according to the area or film thickness of the pressed portion. It is also possible to change the same part step by step with different pressures.
- the pressed surface may be smooth or roughened.
- the all-solid-state secondary battery manufactured as described above is preferably initialized after manufacturing or before use.
- the initialization is not particularly limited, and can be performed, for example, by performing initial charging / discharging with the press pressure increased, and then releasing the pressure until the pressure reaches the general working pressure of the all-solid-state secondary battery.
- the all-solid-state secondary battery of the present invention can be applied to various applications.
- the application mode is not particularly limited, but for example, when mounted on an electronic device, a laptop computer, a pen input computer, a mobile computer, an electronic book player, a mobile phone, a cordless phone handset, a pager, a handy terminal, a mobile fax, or a mobile phone. Examples include copying, mobile printers, headphone stereos, video movies, LCD TVs, handy cleaners, portable CDs, mini discs, electric shavers, transceivers, electronic notebooks, calculators, memory cards, portable tape recorders, radios, backup power supplies, etc.
- Other consumer products include automobiles, electric vehicles, motors, lighting equipment, toys, game equipment, road conditioners, watches, strobes, cameras, medical equipment (pacemakers, hearing aids, shoulder massagers, etc.). Furthermore, it can be used for various munitions and space. It can also be combined with a solar cell.
- the obtained polymer was a random copolymer, and its mass average molecular weight was 249,000.
- the obtained polymer was dissolved in butyl butyrate to obtain a binder solution.
- Synthesis Examples 2 to 16 Synthesis of Fluorine Copolymers S-2 to S-15 and S-26, and Preparation of Binder Solutions S-2 to S-15 and S-26]
- Synthesis Example 1 a structure having VDF, HFP and a functional group so that the fluoropolymers S-2 to S-15 and S-26 have the composition (type and content of constituent components) shown in Table 1.
- Polymers S-2 to S-15 and S-26 were synthesized in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 1 except that a compound for deriving a component (a polymerizable compound having a functional group) was used, and the respective fluorocarbon-based copolymers Binder solutions S-2 to S-15 and binder dispersion S-26 (both having a concentration of 10% by mass) composed of coalesced materials were obtained.
- the polymer S-26 was synthesized by changing the amount of diisopropylperoxydicarbonate to 0.2 parts by mass under the synthesis conditions of the polymer S-4.
- the average particle size of the polymer binder composed of the polymer S-26 in the prepared binder dispersion S-26 was 890 nm.
- Synthesis Examples 20 and 21 Synthesis of Fluorine Copolymers S-17 and S-25, and Preparation of Binder Solutions S-17 and S-25
- the fluoropolymers S-17 and S-25 were polymerized using VDF, HFP, and tetrafluoroethylene so as to have the compositions (types and contents of constituents) shown in Table 1.
- Polymers S-17 and S-25 were synthesized in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 1 except that the amount of the initiator was adjusted, and binder solutions S-17 and S-25 composed of the respective fluoropolymers (whichever). The concentration was 10% by mass).
- Fluorine-based copolymers S-18 to S-24 synthesized as follows are shown.
- the number shown at the lower right of each component indicates the content (mol%) of each component in the fluorine-based copolymer.
- the components * indicate that each structural substitution position is a positional isomer mixture.
- Synthesis Example 22 Synthesis of Fluorine Copolymer S-18 and Preparation of Binder Solution S-18
- a fluorine-based copolymer S-18 was synthesized to prepare a binder solution S-18 (concentration: 10% by mass) composed of this fluorine-based copolymer.
- 180 parts by mass of tetrahydrofuran and 20 parts by mass of the fluorine-based copolymer S-17 synthesized in Synthesis Example 20 were added to a 500 mL three-necked flask equipped with a reflux condenser, and 0.28 g of lithium hydroxide and methanol were added. 40 g was added, and the mixture was stirred at 60 ° C. for 6 hours.
- Synthesis Example 23 Synthesis of Fluorine Copolymer S-19 and Preparation of Binder Solution S-19
- a fluorine-based copolymer S-19 was synthesized to prepare a binder solution S-19 (concentration: 10% by mass) composed of this fluorine-based copolymer.
- 180 parts by mass of tetrahydrofuran and 20 parts by mass of the fluorine-based copolymer S-17 synthesized in Synthesis Example 20 were added to a 500 mL three-necked flask equipped with a reflux condenser, and 0.17 g of lithium hydroxide and methanol were further added. 40 g was added, and the mixture was stirred at 60 ° C. for 6 hours.
- Synthesis Example 24 Synthesis of Fluorine Copolymer S-20 and Preparation of Binder Solution S-20
- a fluorine-based copolymer S-20 was synthesized to prepare a binder solution S-20 (concentration: 10% by mass) composed of this fluorine-based copolymer.
- 900 parts by mass of tetrahydrofuran and 100 parts by mass of the fluorine-based copolymer S-17 synthesized in Synthesis Example 20 were added to a 2 L three-necked flask equipped with a reflux condenser, and 0.09 g of lithium hydroxide and methanol were further added. 200 g was added, and the mixture was stirred at 60 ° C. for 6 hours.
- the obtained fluorine-based copolymer was dissolved in butyl butyrate to obtain a binder solution S-21 (concentration: 10% by mass).
- a binder solution S-21 concentration: 10% by mass
- the content of the constituent having a functional group selected from the functional group group (a) is 0.3 mol% of the ester bond and the carboxy group.
- Synthesis Example 27 Synthesis of Fluorine Copolymer S-23 and Preparation of Binder Solution S-23
- a fluorine-based copolymer S-23 was synthesized to prepare a binder solution S-23 (concentration: 10% by mass) composed of this fluorine-based copolymer.
- 90 parts by mass of N-methylpyrrolidone and 10 parts by mass of the fluorine-based copolymer S-17 synthesized in Synthesis Example 20 were added to a 300 mL three-necked flask equipped with a reflux condenser and a gas introduction cock. It was dissolved.
- lauryl acrylate manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. 32.5 parts by mass, 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-tridecafluoro-n-octyl methacrylate (manufactured by Tokyo Kasei Co., Ltd.) 17.5 parts by mass, copper chloride (manufactured by Tokyo Kasei Co., Ltd.) Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) 0.1 parts by mass and 0.6 parts by mass of 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridyl were added, and after bubbling nitrogen gas for 10 minutes, the flow velocity was 50 mL / min.
- Nitrogen gas was introduced at Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., the temperature was raised to 100 ° C., and stirring was continued for 10 hours. Then, it was added dropwise to hexane to obtain a fluorine-based copolymer S-23 as a precipitate. After drying under reduced pressure at 60 ° C. for 5 hours, it was redissolved in an arbitrary solvent. The obtained fluorine-based copolymer was dissolved in butyl butyrate to obtain a binder solution S-23 (concentration: 10% by mass).
- Fluorine-based copolymer S-24 was synthesized to prepare a binder solution S-24 (concentration: 10% by mass) composed of this fluorine-based copolymer. Specifically, 180 parts by mass of tetrahydrofuran and 20 parts by mass of the fluorine-based copolymer S-17 synthesized in Synthesis Example 20 were added to a 500 mL three-necked flask equipped with a reflux condenser, and 0.12 g of lithium hydroxide and methanol were further added. 40 g was added, and the mixture was stirred at 60 ° C. for 6 hours.
- VDF content of VDF component
- HFP content of HFP component
- type and content of other components type and content of components having functional groups.
- type and content of components having functional groups Is shown in Table 1.
- Tensile fracture strain, mass average molecular weight and SP value were measured by each of the above methods. These results are shown in Table 1.
- A-2 Methacrylic acid (manufactured by Tokyo Kasei Co., Ltd., SP value 18.3)
- A-4 Maleic anhydride (manufactured by Tokyo Kasei Co., Ltd., SP value 26.3)
- A-7 2- (methacryloyloxy) ethyl phosphate (SP value 26.3)
- A-111 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (manufactured by Tokyo Kasei Co., Ltd., SP value 24.2)
- A-15 Glycydyl methacrylate (manufactured by Tokyo Kasei Co., Ltd., SP value 22.2)
- "*" in the component column of the copolymers S-18 to S-24 indicates the corresponding component among the chemical structures of each of the above-mentioned copolymers.
- * indicates a component having a hydroxyhexylthio group in the side chain.
- “functional group” column in Table 1 when one molecular chain (polymerized chain) has two or more kinds of functional groups, any one functional group is described (statement of ester bond and the like is omitted). ).
- a particulate binder dispersion A-1 (concentration: 39.2% by mass) made of an acrylic polymer (A-1).
- the average particle size of the particulate binder in the dispersion is 180 nm, the adsorption rate A SE to the inorganic solid electrolyte was 86%.
- heptane was added dropwise to the solution obtained by adding 74 g of THF to the polymer solution obtained above over 10 minutes while stirring at 150 rpm to obtain an emulsion of polyurethane (A-2).
- This emulsion was heated at 85 ° C. for 120 minutes while flowing nitrogen gas.
- 50 g of heptane was added and further heated at 85 ° C. for 60 minutes. This operation was repeated 4 times to remove THF.
- a heptane dispersion liquid A-2 concentration 3.3% by mass
- the average particle size of the particulate binder in the dispersion is 90 nm, the adsorption rate A SE to the inorganic solid electrolyte was 50%.
- SEBS (SA2) was synthesized to prepare a binder solution SA2 composed of this SEBS. Specifically, 150 parts by mass of toluene, 30 parts by mass of styrene, 24 parts by mass of ethylene, and 46 parts by mass of 1,3-butadiene are added to the autoclave, and 1 part of the polymerization initiator V-601 (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) is added. The temperature was raised to 80 ° C. by mass, and the mixture was stirred for 3 hours. Then, the temperature was raised to 90 ° C., and the reaction was carried out until the addition conversion rate reached 100%.
- V-601 manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- the obtained solution was reprecipitated in methanol, and the obtained solid was dried to obtain the desired polymer.
- the mass average molecular weight of this polymer was 83000.
- 50 parts by mass of the polymer obtained above was dissolved in 50 parts by mass of cyclohexane and 150 parts by mass of THF (tetrahydrofuran), and then the solution was brought to 70 ° C., and 3 parts by mass of n-butyllithium, 2,6-di.
- SEBS (SA2) was obtained by drying.
- SEBS (SA2) was a random copolymer, and its mass average molecular weight was 83000.
- the obtained SEBS (SA2) was dissolved in butyl butyrate to prepare a binder solution SA2 having a concentration of 10% by mass.
- a styrene content is 23.8 mole percent of polymer S-A2, SP value is 17.9MPa 1/2, adsorption rate
- a SE to the inorganic solid electrolyte of the binder was 0%.
- Synthesis Example 33 Synthesis of SEBS (SA3) and Preparation of Binder Solution SA3]
- Synthesis Example 31 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol (3 parts by mass) and maleic anhydride (0.3 parts by mass) were added to 100 parts by mass of the polymer obtained by reprecipitation to 180 ° C. Was reacted for 5 hours.
- the obtained solution was reprecipitated in methanol, and the obtained solid was dried to obtain the desired polymer.
- the mass average molecular weight of this polymer was 89000.
- SEBS (SA3) was a random copolymer, and its mass average molecular weight was 89000.
- the obtained SEBS (SA3) was dissolved in butyl butyrate to prepare a binder solution SA3 having a concentration of 10% by mass.
- a styrene content is 23.8 mole percent of polymer S-A3, SP value is 17.9MPa 1/2, adsorption rate A SE to the inorganic solid electrolyte of the binder was 2%.
- Li 2 S lithium sulfide
- Aldrich Corp. purity> 99.98%
- P 2 S 5. diphosphorus pentasulfide 3.90 g was weighed, placed in an agate mortar, and mixed for 5 minutes using an agate mortar.
- Example 1 ⁇ Preparation of composition containing inorganic solid electrolyte> 60 g of zirconia beads having a diameter of 5 mm was put into a 45 mL container made of zirconia (manufactured by Fritsch), and 2.8 g of LPS synthesized in Synthesis Example A, 0.08 g of a fluorine-containing binder solution satisfying the content shown in Table 2-2, or 0.04 g (solid content mass), when 0.04 g of a fluorine-containing binder solution is used, 0.04 g (solid content mass) of the particulate binder dispersion shown in Table 2-2, and the content of butyl butyrate in the composition.
- Butyl butyrate was added as a dispersion medium so that the amount was 50% by mass. After that, this container was set in a planetary ball mill P-7 (trade name) manufactured by Fritsch.
- the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing compositions (slurries) SE-1 to SE-4 were prepared by mixing at a temperature of 25 ° C. and a rotation speed of 150 rpm for 10 minutes.
- composition for positive electrode 60 g of zirconia beads having a diameter of 5 mm were put into a 45 mL container made of zirconia (manufactured by Fritsch), 2.8 g of LPS synthesized in Synthesis Example A, and the dispersion medium shown in Table 2-1 as a dispersion medium were contained in the composition.
- This container was set on a planetary ball mill P-7 (trade name) manufactured by Fritsch, and stirred at 25 ° C. at a rotation speed of 200 pm for 30 minutes.
- composition for negative electrode 60 g of zirconia beads having a diameter of 5 mm were put into a 45 mL container made of zirconia (manufactured by Fritsch), 2.8 g of the LPS synthesized in Synthesis Example A, 0.067 g or 0.034 g of the fluorine-containing binder solution shown in Table 2-2. (Solid content mass), when 0.034 g of a fluorine-containing binder solution is used, 0.034 g (solid content mass) of the particulate binder dispersion solution shown in Table 2-2 and the dispersion medium shown in Table 2-2 are further added to the composition. It was added so that the content in the content was 50% by mass.
- This container was set on a planetary ball mill P-7 (trade name) manufactured by Fritsch, and mixed at a temperature of 25 ° C. and a rotation speed of 300 pm for 60 minutes. After that, 3.53 g of silicon (Si, manufactured by Aldrich) was added as the negative electrode active material, and 0.27 g of VGCF (manufactured by Showa Denko) was added as the conductive auxiliary agent, and the container was similarly set in the planetary ball mill P-7. , The temperature was 25 ° C. and the rotation speed was 100 rpm for 10 minutes to prepare negative electrode compositions (slurries) N-1 to N-17, respectively.
- the adsorption rate with respect to the inorganic solid electrolyte shown in Table 2-1 and Table 2-2 (collectively referred to as Table 2).
- the A SE the adsorption rate AAM for the active material shown in the same table (the active material used for preparing each composition), and the peel strength for the aluminum foil were measured. Both adsorption rates were measured by the following method, and the peel strength was measured by the above method. Further, for each composition, the difference (absolute value) between the SP value of the fluorine-based copolymer forming the fluorine-containing binder and the SP value of the dispersion medium was calculated.
- the adsorption rate ASE was measured using the inorganic solid electrolyte, the polymer binder and the dispersion medium used in the preparation of each inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition shown in Table 2. That is, a polymer binder was dissolved in a dispersion medium to prepare a binder solution having a concentration of 1% by mass. The binder solution and the inorganic solid electrolyte are placed in a 15 mL vial at a mass ratio of 42: 1 between the polymer binder and the inorganic solid electrolyte in the binder solution, and the mixture rotor is used at room temperature at 80 rpm.
- Adsorption rate (%) [(W B -W A) / W B] ⁇ 100
- the adsorption rate ASE was measured using the inorganic solid electrolyte and the polymer binder taken out from the formed solid electrolyte layer and the dispersion medium used for preparing the inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition, the same value was obtained. ..
- adsorption rate AAM was measured using the active material, the polymer binder and the dispersion medium used in the preparation of each electrode composition shown in Table 2.
- adsorption rate A AM was measured using the active material taken out from the formed active material layer, the polymer binder, and the dispersion medium used for preparing the electrode composition.
- the content is the mass ratio (mass%) of the composition in the solid content.
- LPS LPS synthesized in Synthesis Example A
- NMC LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 Si: Silicon Gr: Graphite (CGB20, manufactured by Nippon Graphite Co., Ltd., average particle size 20 ⁇ m)
- AB Acetylene Black VGCF: Carbon Nanotube (manufactured by Showa Denko KK)
- SE layer Composition for solid electrolyte layer
- the positive electrode compositions P-1 to P-24 obtained above were applied onto an aluminum foil having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m using a baker-type applicator (trade name: SA-201), and heated at 80 ° C. for 1 hour. Further, the composition was heated at 110 ° C. for 1 hour to dry the positive electrode composition (remove the dispersion medium). Then, the dried positive electrode composition is pressurized at 25 ° C. (10 MPa, 1 minute) using a heat press machine, and the positive electrode sheet P for an all-solid secondary battery having a positive electrode active material layer having a film thickness of 100 ⁇ m. -1 to P-24 were prepared respectively.
- Solid content reduction rate (%) [(solid content concentration of upper 30% before standing-solid content concentration of upper 30% after standing) / solid content concentration of upper 30% before standing] ⁇ 100 - Evaluation criteria - A: Solid content reduction rate ⁇ 1% B: 1% ⁇ solid content reduction rate ⁇ 10% C: 10% ⁇ solid content reduction rate ⁇ 20% D: 20% ⁇ solid content reduction rate ⁇ 30% E: 30% ⁇ solid content reduction rate ⁇ 40% F: 40% ⁇ solid content reduction rate ⁇ 50% G: 50% ⁇ solid content reduction rate
- the tare (self-weight) of the poly dropper was set to W 0 , it was determined that the slurry mass W-W 0 was less than 0.1 g and could not be sucked by the dropper.
- the upper limit solid content concentration that could be sucked with a dropper was grasped while gradually adding the dispersion medium.
- the handleability of the composition (whether it has an appropriate viscosity to form a flat, surface-friendly constituent layer) is evaluated based on which of the following evaluation criteria the obtained upper limit solid content concentration is included. did.
- the solid content concentration was calculated by placing 0.30 g of the prepared slurry on an aluminum cup and heating at 120 ° C.
- the peeling ratio of the active material layer (chipped active material layer) peeled from the current collector was calculated from the following formula.
- the current collector adhesion was evaluated based on which of the following evaluation criteria the obtained peeling ratio was included. In this test, the smaller the peeling ratio, the higher the adhesion between the current collector and the active material, indicating that the adhesion to the current collector is excellent, and the evaluation standard "F" or higher is the pass level. The results are shown in Table 3.
- a disk-shaped indium (In) sheet (thickness 20 ⁇ m) with a diameter of 9 mm and a disk-shaped lithium (Li) sheet (thickness 20 ⁇ m) with a diameter of 9 mm are placed inside the cylinder in this order.
- the removed SUS rod was reinserted into the cylinder and fixed under a pressure of 50 MPa.
- a positive electrode sheet P-4 or P-14 for an all-solid-state secondary battery was punched into a disk shape having a diameter of 10 mm and placed in a PET cylinder having an inner diameter of 10 mm.
- the solid electrolyte sheet for an all-solid secondary battery shown in Table 4 was punched into a disk shape having a diameter of 10 mm on the positive electrode active material layer side in the cylinder, and placed in the cylinder, and a 10 mm SUS rod was inserted from both ends of the cylinder.
- the current collector side of the positive electrode sheet for the all-solid secondary battery and the aluminum foil side of the solid electrolyte sheet for the all-solid secondary battery were pressurized by applying a pressure of 350 MPa with a SUS rod. Remove the SUS rod on the side of the solid electrolyte sheet for all-solid-state secondary battery, gently peel off the aluminum foil of the solid-state electrolyte sheet for all-solid-state secondary battery, and then use a disk-shaped In sheet (thickness 20 ⁇ m) with a diameter of 9 mm.
- a disk-shaped Li sheet (thickness 20 ⁇ m) having a diameter of 9 mm was inserted into the solid electrolyte layer of the solid electrolyte sheet for an all-solid secondary battery in the cylinder in this order.
- the removed SUS rod was reinserted into the cylinder and fixed under a pressure of 50 MPa.
- the aluminum foil (thickness 20 ⁇ m) -positive electrode active material layer (thickness 80 ⁇ m) -solid electrolyte layer (thickness 45 ⁇ m) -negative electrode active material (counter electrode) layer (In / Li sheet, thickness 30 ⁇ m) All-solid-state secondary battery (half cell) No. C-28 to C-31 were obtained.
- the initial discharge capacities of the all-solid-state secondary battery of the present invention were all sufficiently high to function as the all-solid-state secondary battery.
- - Evaluation criteria - A: 500 cycles or more and B: 300 cycles or more and less than 500 cycles C: 200 cycles or more and less than 300 cycles D: 150 cycles or more and less than 200 cycles E: 80 cycles or more and less than 150 cycles F: 40 cycles or more and less than 80 cycles G: Less than 40 cycles
- the composition containing an inorganic solid electrolyte of the present invention which is formed of a specific fluorine-based copolymer and uses a fluorine-containing binder satisfying a specific adsorption rate, a dispersion medium, and an inorganic solid electrolyte in combination, has dispersion stability. It also has a high level of handleability.
- this inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition for forming the constituent layer of the all-solid secondary battery, the adhesion of the current collector to the obtained electrode sheet can be strengthened, and the obtained all-solid state can be obtained. It can be seen that the cycle characteristics of the secondary battery can be improved.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
全固体二次電池の構成層を形成する材料(構成層形成材料)として、上述の無機固体電解質等を含有する材料が提案されている。例えば、特許文献1には、フッ化ビニリデン単量体単位を含むフッ素系共重合体、負極活物質、及び、溶媒又は分散媒を少なくとも含有する硫化物系固体電池用負極用スラリーであって、乾燥体積を100体積%としたとき、フッ素系共重合体の含有割合が1.4~2.2体積%であることを特徴とする、硫化物系固体電池用負極用スラリーが記載されている。
しかし、近年、電気自動車の高性能化、実用化等の研究開発が急速に進行し、全固体二次電池に求められる電池性能(例えばサイクル特性)に対する要求が、一層高くなっている。このような近年の要求に応えるためには、分散安定性とハンドリング性(流動性、塗工面の表面性)とをより高い水準で兼ね備える構成層形成材料の開発が求められている。
<1>周期律表第1族若しくは第2族に属する金属のイオンの伝導性を有する無機固体電解質と、ポリマーバインダーと、分散媒とを含有する無機固体電解質含有組成物であって、
ポリマーバインダーが、フッ化ビニリデン構成成分と21~65モル%のヘキサフルオロプロピレン構成成分とを含み、かつ引張破壊ひずみが500%以上であるフッ素系共重合体からなるポリマーバインダーを含み、
上記分散媒中における、フッ素系共重合体からなるポリマーバインダーの無機固体電解質に対する吸着率が60%未満である、無機固体電解質含有組成物。
<2>フッ素系共重合体からなるポリマーバインダーが分散媒に溶解している、<1>に記載の無機固体電解質含有組成物。
<3>ヘキサフルオロプロピレン構成成分の、フッ素系共重合体中の含有量が30~50モル%である、<1>又は<2>に記載の無機固体電解質含有組成物。
<4>引張破壊ひずみが700%以上である、<1>~<3>のいずれか1つに記載の無機固体電解質含有組成物。
<5>フッ素系共重合体からなるポリマーバインダーの、アルミニウム箔に対する剥離強度が0.1N/mm以上である、<1>~<4>のいずれか1つに記載の無機固体電解質含有組成物。
<6>フッ素系共重合体の質量平均分子量が50000~1500000である、<1>~<5>のいずれか1つに記載の無機固体電解質含有組成物。
<7>フッ素系共重合体が、下記官能基群(a)から選択される官能基を有する構成成分を含む、<1>~<6>のいずれか1つに記載の無機固体電解質含有組成物。
<官能基群(a)>
ヒドロキシ基、アミノ基、カルボキシ基、スルホ基、リン酸基、ホスホン酸基、スルファニル基、エーテル結合、イミノ基、エステル結合、アミド結合、ウレタン結合、ウレア結合、ヘテロ環基、アリール基、無水カルボン酸基、イソシアナート基、アルコキシシリル基、フルオロアルキル基、シロキサン基
<8>フッ素系共重合体中の、上記官能基群(a)から選択される官能基を有する構成成分の含有量が0.01~10モル%である、<7>に記載の無機固体電解質含有組成物。
<9>ポリマーバインダーが、平均粒子径が1~1000nmの粒子状バインダーを含有する、<1>~<8>のいずれか1つに記載の無機固体電解質含有組成物。
<10>ポリマーバインダーが、炭化水素系ポリマーからなるバインダー、(メタ)アクリル系ポリマーからなるバインダー又はビニル系ポリマーからなるポリマーバインダーを含有する、<1>~<9>のいずれか1つに記載の無機固体電解質含有組成物。
<11>活物質を含有する、<1>~<10>のいずれか1つに記載の無機固体電解質含有組成物。
<12>活物質に対する、フッ素系共重合体からなるポリマーバインダーの吸着率が90%以下である、<11>に記載の無機固体電解質含有組成物。
<13>導電助剤を含有する、<1>~<12>のいずれか1つに記載の無機固体電解質含有組成物。
<14>無機固体電解質が硫化物系無機固体電解質である、<1>~<13>のいずれか1つに記載の無機固体電解質含有組成物。
<15>上記<1>~<14>のいずれか1つに記載の無機固体電解質含有組成物で構成した層を有する全固体二次電池用シート。
<16>正極活物質層と固体電解質層と負極活物質層とをこの順で具備する全固体二次電池であって、
正極活物質層、固体電解質層及び負極活物質層の少なくとも1つの層が、<1>~<14>のいずれか1つに記載の無機固体電解質含有組成物で構成した層である、全固体二次電池。
<17>上記<1>~<14>のいずれか1つに記載の無機固体電解質含有組成物を製膜する、全固体二次電池用シートの製造方法。
<18>上記<17>に記載の製造方法を経て全固体二次電池を製造する、全固体二次電池の製造方法。
本発明の上記及び他の特徴及び利点は、適宜添付の図面を参照して、下記の記載からより明らかになるであろう。
本発明において化合物の表示(例えば、化合物と末尾に付して呼ぶとき)については、この化合物そのもののほか、その塩、そのイオンを含む意味に用いる。また、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で、置換基を導入するなど一部を変化させた誘導体を含む意味である。
本発明において、(メタ)アクリルとは、アクリル及びメタアクリルの一方又は両方を意味する。(メタ)アクリレートについても同様である。
本発明において、置換又は無置換を明記していない置換基、連結基等(以下、置換基等という。)については、その基に適宜の置換基を有していてもよい意味である。よって、本発明において、単に、YYY基と記載されている場合であっても、このYYY基は、置換基を有しない態様に加えて、更に置換基を有する態様も包含する。これは置換又は無置換を明記していない化合物についても同義である。好ましい置換基としては、例えば後述する置換基Zが挙げられる。
本発明において、特定の符号で示された置換基等が複数あるとき、又は複数の置換基等を同時若しくは択一的に規定するときには、それぞれの置換基等は互いに同一でも異なっていてもよいことを意味する。また、特に断らない場合であっても、複数の置換基等が隣接するときにはそれらが互いに連結したり縮環したりして環を形成していてもよい意味である。
本発明において、ポリマーは、重合体を意味するが、いわゆる高分子化合物と同義である。
本発明の無機固体電解質含有組成物は、周期律表第1族若しくは第2族に属する金属のイオンの伝導性を有する無機固体電解質と、ポリマーバインダーと、分散媒とを含有する。この無機固体電解質含有組成物に含有するポリマーバインダーは、フッ化ビニリデン構成成分とヘキサフルオロプロピレン構成成分とを含むフッ素系共重合体であって、ヘキサフルオロプロピレン構成成分のフッ素系共重合体中の含有量が21~65モル%であり、引張破壊ひずみが500%以上であるフッ素系共重合体(単に共重合体ということがある。)で形成されているポリマーバインダーを1種又は2種以上含んでいる。
本発明の無機固体電解質含有組成物は、無機固体電解質及び分散媒に対して、ポリマーバインダーとして上記共重合体からなるポリマーバインダー(含フッ素バインダーということがある。)を含有していればよく、その含有状態等は特に制限されない。例えば、無機固体電解質含有組成物中において、ポリマーバインダーは無機固体電解質に吸着していてもいなくてもよいが、吸着している場合、その程度は後述する吸着率の範囲内にあることがよい。
この含フッ素バインダーは、少なくとも無機固体電解質含有組成物で形成した層中において、無機固体電解質(更には、共存しうる、活物質、導電助剤)等の固体粒子同士(例えば、無機固体電解質同士、無機固体電解質と活物物質、活物質同士)を結着させる結着剤として、機能する。更には、集電体と固体粒子とを結着させる結着剤として機能することもある。無機固体電解質含有組成物中において、ポリマーバインダーは固体粒子同士を結着させる機能を有していてもいなくてもよい。
本発明の無機固体電解質含有組成物は、無機固体電解質が分散媒中に分散したスラリーであることが好ましい。この場合、含フッ素バインダーは、固体粒子を分散媒中に分散させる機能を有することが好ましい。また、含フッ素バインダーは、分散媒中に(固体状態で)分散している場合、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲でその一部が分散媒に溶解していてもよい。
集電体上に形成される活物質層を本発明の無機固体電解質含有組成物で形成する態様においては、集電体と活物質層との強固な密着性をも実現することができ、サイクル特性の更なる向上を図ることができる。
すなわち、フッ化ビニリデン構成成分と21~65モル%のヘキサフルオロプロピレン構成成分とを含み、引張破壊ひずみが500%以上であるフッ素系共重合体で形成され、かつ無機固体電解質に対して60%未満の吸着率を示す含フッ素バインダーは、無機固体電解質含有組成物中において無機固体電解質に過度に吸着することなく、無機固体電解質含有組成物の調製直後だけでなく、経時後においても無機固体電解質の再凝集若しくは沈降等を抑えることができると考えられる。これに加えて、フッ素系共重合体は、組成物中における無機固体電解質の相互作用を維持しやすく、しかも共重合体中のフッ素原子同士の反発力を作用させることができる。その結果、調製直後の高度な分散性を安定して維持できる(分散安定性に優れる)とともに、粘度の過度な増加をも抑えて良好な流動性を発現する(ハンドリング性に優れる)。
また、抵抗上昇が抑制され、かつ表面が平坦な構成層を備えた全固体二次電池は、充放電時に過電流が発生しにくく固体粒子の劣化を防止できるうえ、構成層の表面と隣接する他の層との界面接触状態が良好(高密着性)となる。そのため、充放電を繰り返しても電池特性の大幅な低下を招くことなくサイクル特性に優れた全固体二次電池を実現できると考えられる。
以下、本発明の無機固体電解質含有組成物が含有する成分及び含有しうる成分について説明する。
本発明の無機固体電解質含有組成物は、無機固体電解質を含有する。
本発明において、無機固体電解質とは、無機の固体電解質のことであり、固体電解質とは、その内部においてイオンを移動させることができる固体状の電解質のことである。主たるイオン伝導性材料として有機物を含むものではないことから、有機固体電解質(ポリエチレンオキシド(PEO)などに代表される高分子電解質、リチウムビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミド(LiTFSI)などに代表される有機電解質塩)とは明確に区別される。また、無機固体電解質は定常状態では固体であるため、通常カチオン及びアニオンに解離又は遊離していない。この点で、電解液、又は、ポリマー中でカチオン及びアニオンに解離若しくは遊離している無機電解質塩(LiPF6、LiBF4、リチウムビス(フルオロスルホニル)イミド(LiFSI)、LiClなど)とも明確に区別される。無機固体電解質は周期律表第1族若しくは第2族に属する金属のイオンの伝導性を有するものであれば、特に限定されず、電子伝導性を有さないものが一般的である。本発明の全固体二次電池がリチウムイオン電池の場合、無機固体電解質は、リチウムイオンのイオン伝導性を有することが好ましい。
上記無機固体電解質は、全固体二次電池に通常使用される固体電解質材料を適宜選定して用いることができる。例えば、無機固体電解質としては、(i)硫化物系無機固体電解質、(ii)酸化物系無機固体電解質、(iii)ハロゲン化物系無機固体電解質、及び、(iv)水素化物系無機固体電解質が挙げられ、活物質と無機固体電解質との間により良好な界面を形成することができる観点から、硫化物系無機固体電解質が好ましい。
硫化物系無機固体電解質は、硫黄原子を含有し、かつ、周期律表第1族若しくは第2族に属する金属のイオン伝導性を有し、かつ、電子絶縁性を有するものが好ましい。硫化物系無機固体電解質は、元素として少なくともLi、S及びPを含有し、リチウムイオン伝導性を有しているものが好ましいが、目的又は場合に応じて、Li、S及びP以外の他の元素を含んでもよい。
La1Mb1Pc1Sd1Ae1 (S1)
式中、LはLi、Na及びKから選択される元素を示し、Liが好ましい。Mは、B、Zn、Sn、Si、Cu、Ga、Sb、Al及びGeから選択される元素を示す。Aは、I、Br、Cl及びFから選択される元素を示す。a1~e1は各元素の組成比を示し、a1:b1:c1:d1:e1は1~12:0~5:1:2~12:0~10を満たす。a1は1~9が好ましく、1.5~7.5がより好ましい。b1は0~3が好ましく、0~1がより好ましい。d1は2.5~10が好ましく、3.0~8.5がより好ましい。e1は0~5が好ましく、0~3がより好ましい。
硫化物系無機固体電解質は、例えば硫化リチウム(Li2S)、硫化リン(例えば五硫化二燐(P2S5))、単体燐、単体硫黄、硫化ナトリウム、硫化水素、ハロゲン化リチウム(例えばLiI、LiBr、LiCl)及び上記Mで表される元素の硫化物(例えばSiS2、SnS、GeS2)の中の少なくとも2つ以上の原料の反応により製造することができる。
酸化物系無機固体電解質は、酸素原子を含有し、かつ、周期律表第1族若しくは第2族に属する金属のイオン伝導性を有し、かつ、電子絶縁性を有するものが好ましい。
酸化物系無機固体電解質は、イオン伝導度として、1×10-6S/cm以上であることが好ましく、5×10-6S/cm以上であることがより好ましく、1×10-5S/cm以上であることが特に好ましい。上限は特に制限されないが、1×10-1S/cm以下であることが実際的である。
またLi、P及びOを含むリン化合物も望ましい。例えばリン酸リチウム(Li3PO4); リン酸リチウムの酸素の一部を窒素で置換したLiPON; LiPOD1(D1は、好ましくは、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zr、Nb、Mo、Ru、Ag、Ta、W、Pt及びAuから選ばれる1種以上の元素である。)等が挙げられる。
更に、LiA1ON(A1は、Si、B、Ge、Al、C及びGaから選ばれる1種以上の元素である。)等も好ましく用いることができる。
ハロゲン化物系無機固体電解質は、ハロゲン原子を含有し、かつ、周期律表第1族若しくは第2族に属する金属のイオンの伝導性を有し、かつ、電子絶縁性を有する化合物が好ましい。
ハロゲン化物系無機固体電解質としては、特に制限されないが、例えば、LiCl、LiBr、LiI、ADVANCED MATERIALS,2018,30,1803075に記載のLi3YBr6、Li3YCl6等の化合物が挙げられる。中でも、Li3YBr6、Li3YCl6を好ましい。
水素化物系無機固体電解質は、水素原子を含有し、かつ、周期律表第1族若しくは第2族に属する金属のイオン伝導性を有し、かつ、電子絶縁性を有する化合物が好ましい。
水素化物系無機固体電解質としては、特に制限されないが、例えば、LiBH4、Li4(BH4)3I、3LiBH4-LiCl等が挙げられる。
無機固体電解質の粒子径の測定は、以下の手順で行う。無機固体電解質粒子を、水(水に不安定な物質の場合はヘプタン)を用いて20mLサンプル瓶中で1質量%の分散液を希釈調製する。希釈後の分散液試料は、1kHzの超音波を10分間照射し、その直後に試験に使用する。この分散液試料を用い、レーザ回折/散乱式粒度分布測定装置LA-920(商品名、HORIBA社製)を用いて、温度25℃で測定用石英セルを使用してデータ取り込みを50回行い、体積平均粒子径を得る。その他の詳細な条件等は必要により日本産業規格(JIS) Z 8828:2013「粒子径解析-動的光散乱法」の記載を参照する。1水準につき5つの試料を作製しその平均値を採用する。
固体電解質層を形成する場合、固体電解質層の単位面積(cm2)当たりの無機固体電解質の質量(mg)(目付量)は特に制限されるものではない。設計された電池容量に応じて、適宜に決めることができ、例えば、1~100mg/cm2とすることができる。
ただし、無機固体電解質含有組成物が後述する活物質を含有する場合、無機固体電解質の目付量は、活物質と無機固体電解質との合計量が上記範囲であることが好ましい。
ただし、無機固体電解質含有組成物が後述する活物質を含有する場合、無機固体電解質含有組成物中の無機固体電解質の含有量は、活物質と無機固体電解質との合計含有量が上記範囲であることが好ましい。
本発明において、固形分(固形成分)とは、無機固体電解質含有組成物を、1mmHgの気圧下、窒素雰囲気下150℃で6時間乾燥処理したときに、揮発若しくは蒸発して消失しない成分をいう。典型的には、後述の分散媒以外の成分を指す。
本発明の無機固体電解質含有組成物は、ポリマーバインダー(単にバインダーともいう。)を含有している。本発明において、ポリマーバインダーはポリマーを含んで形成されたバインダーを意味する。
この無機固体電解質含有組成物が含有するポリマーバインダーは、後述する(1)~(3)を満たすフッ素系共重合体からなる含フッ素バインダーを1種又は2種以上含んでいる。また、無機固体電解質含有組成物が含有するポリマーバインダーは、含フッ素バインダー以外のポリマーバインダー、例えば、後述する、粒子状のポリマーバインダー(好ましくは、組成物中の無機固体電解質に対する吸着率が60%以上である粒子状ポリマーバインダー)、連鎖重合系ポリマーバインダー(例えば、炭化水素系ポリマーからなるバインダー、(メタ)アクリル系ポリマーからなるバインダー、ビニル系ポリマーからなるポリマーバインダー)を含有していることが好ましい。更に、ポリマーバインダーは、組成物中の無機固体電解質に対する吸着率に着目すると、含フッ素バインダー以外に、吸着率が60%未満であるポリマーバインダー(低吸着バインダー)、吸着率が60%以上であるポリマーバインダー(高吸着バインダー)を含有してもよい。
まず、本発明の無機固体電解質含有組成物がポリマーバインダーとして含有する含フッ素バインダーについて説明する。この含フッ素バインダーは下記(1)~(3)を満たすフッ素系共重合体からなる。
(1)構成成分として、フッ化ビニリデン構成成分とヘキサフルオロプロピレン構成成分とを含む
(2)ヘキサフルオロプロピレン構成成分の、フッ素系共重合体中の含有量が21~65モル%である
(3)引張破壊ひずみが500%以上である
この含フッ素バインダーは、組成物中に含有する後述する分散媒中において、無機固体電解質に対する吸着率が60%未満となる。
含フッ素バインダーは、分散媒を含有する無機固体電解質含有組成物において無機固体電解質等の固体粒子と併用することにより、無機固体電解質含有組成物(スラリー)の分散安定性とハンドリング性とを改善できる。
無機固体電解質含有組成物が複数種の無機固体電解質を含有する場合、無機固体電解質含有組成物中の無機固体電解質組成(種類及び含有量)と同じ組成を有する無機固体電解質に対する吸着率とする。無機固体電解質含有組成物が分散媒を複数種含有する場合も同様に、無機固体電解質含有組成物中の分散媒(種類及び含有量)と同じ組成を有する分散媒を用いて吸着率を測定する。また、含フッ素バインダー、粒子状バインダー、連鎖重合系ポリマーからなるバインダー等の各バインダーを複数種用いる場合も、各バインダーについては、無機固体電解質含有組成物等と同様に、複数種のバインダーについての吸着率とする。
本発明において、バインダーの吸着率は実施例に記載の方法により算出される値とする。
本発明において、無機固体電解質に対する吸着率は、含フッ素バインダーを形成するポリマー(フッ素系共重合体)の特性(例えば、ヘキサフルオロプロピレン構成成分の含有量、質量平均分子量)、ポリマーが有する官能基の種類若しくは含有量、含フッ素バインダーの形態(分散媒への溶解量)等により、適宜に設定できる。
すなわち、測定対象とするバインダーをガラス瓶内に規定量秤量し、そこへ無機固体電解質含有組成物が含有する分散媒100gを添加し、25℃の温度下、ミックスローター上において80rpmの回転速度で24時間攪拌する。こうして得られた24時間攪拌後の混合液の透過率を以下条件により測定する。この試験(透過率測定)をバインダー溶解量(上記規定量)を変更して行い、透過率が99.8%となる上限濃度X(質量%)をバインダーの上記分散媒に対する溶解度とする。
<透過率測定条件>
動的光散乱(DLS)測定
装置:大塚電子製DLS測定装置 DLS-8000
レーザ波長、出力:488nm/100mW
サンプルセル:NMR管
無機固体電解質含有組成物が複数種の活物質を含有する場合、分散媒を複数種含有する場合、更にバインダーを複数種用いる場合については、上述の、バインダーの、無機固体電解質に対する吸着率と同様である。本発明において、バインダーの活物質に対する吸着率は実施例に記載の方法により算出される値とする。本発明において、活物質に対する吸着率は、無機固体電解質に対する吸着率と同様にして、適宜に設定できる。
含フッ素バインダーを形成するポリマーは、フッ化ビニリデン構成成分と特定の含有量でヘキサフルオロプロピレン構成成分とを含んで、500%以上の引張破壊ひずみを示すフッ素系共重合体である。
本発明において、フッ素系共重合体は、フッ化ビニリデン(VDF)構成成分とヘキサフルオロプロピレン(HFP)構成成分とを有する共重合体を意味し、VDF及びHFPと共重合可能な重合性化合物由来の構成成分(他の構成成分ということもある。)を更に有する共重合体を包含する。このような他の構成成分を有しうる点で、便宜上「フッ素系共重合体」と称する。
VDF及びHFPと共重合可能な重合性化合物としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、炭素-炭素不飽和結合を少なくとも1つ有する重合性化合物が挙げられる。より詳細には、フッ素原子を含む重合性化合物(フッ素含有重合性化合物)、フッ素原子を含まない重合性化合物、後述する官能基群(a)から選択される官能基を有する重合性化合物等が挙げられる。
共重合可能な重合性化合物を用いること以外に、フッ素系共重合体の主鎖若しくは側鎖、末端に存在する官能基を反応点として、官能基群(a)、その他の成分等を導入してもよい。具体的には、フッ素系共重合体のVDF成分の脱フッ化水素反応により生じた二重結合へのエン反応、エン-チオール反応、又は銅触媒を用いたATRP(Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization)重合法により、フッ素系共重合体を修飾することができる。
フッ素系共重合体は、フッ化ビニリデン(VDF)構成成分とヘキサフルオロプロピレン(HFP)構成成分とを有し、フッ素含有重合性化合物由来の構成成分を有する態様と有さない態様との両態様を包含する。本発明においては、フッ素含有重合性化合物由来の構成成分を有さない態様が好ましい態様の1つであり、後述する官能基(a)を導入する場合、共重合可能な重合性化合物、特にフッ素含有重合性化合物のなかでも炭素-炭素不飽和結合を形成する炭素原子に結合する水素原子を有する化合物(例えばモノフルオロエチレン)由来の構成成分を有する態様が好ましい態様の1つである。
フッ素系共重合体を形成してもよいフッ素含有重合性化合物由来の構成成分は、VDF構成成分以外、かつHFP構成成分以外のフッ素含有重合性化合物に由来する構成成分であればよく、特に制限されない。この構成成分を導くフッ素含有重合性化合物は、例えば、炭素-炭素不飽和結合に直接結合し、又は間接的(例えば後述する連結基を介して)に結合するフッ素原子を有する化合物をいう。フッ素含有重合性化合物としては、特に制限されないが、例えば、テトラフルオロエチレン、トリフルオロエチレン、モノフルオロエチレン、クロロトリフルオロエチレン等のフッ素化ビニル化合物、トリフルオロメチルビニルエーテル、ペンタフルオロエチルビニルエーテル等のペルフルオロアルキルエーテル化合物等が挙げられる。
また、フッ素含有重合性化合物は、炭素-炭素不飽和結合に直接又は間接的(例えば後述する連結基を介して)に結合する重合鎖を有する重合性化合物(マクロモノマー)を包含する。例えば、上記フッ素含有重合性化合物の少なくとも1つの水素原子を重合鎖で置換した化合物が挙げられる。重合鎖としては、特に制限されず、通常のポリマー成分を適用することができる。例えば、(メタ)アクリル系ポリマーの重合鎖、ビニル系ポリマーの重合鎖、ポリシロキサンの重合鎖、ポリアルキレンエーテル鎖、炭化水素鎖等が挙げられる。重合鎖を構成する(メタ)アクリル系ポリマー及びビニル系ポリマーは、後述する連鎖重合系ポリマーバインダーで説明したものを特に制限されずに用いることができる。
重合鎖を有する重合性化合物由来の構成成分を有するフッ素系共重合体の一例を下記及び実施例に示す。下記共重合体において各構成成分の右下の数字は共重合体中の構成成分の含有量(モル%)を示す。
このようなフッ素系共重合体は、適宜に合成してもよく市販品を用いることもできる。
含フッ素バインダーを形成するフッ素系共重合体は、1種でもよく2種以上であってもよい。
また、フッ素系共重合体において、HFP量に対するVDF量の割合(VDF量/HFP量)は、特に制限されないが、分散安定性及びハンドリング性の改善、更には集電体密着性の強化の点で、0.5~5であることが好ましく、1~4であることがより好ましく、1~3であることが更に好ましい。
共重合可能な重合性化合物の中でも、フッ素含有重合性化合物若しくはフッ素原子を含まない重合性化合物に由来する構成成分の含有量は、それぞれ、フッ素系バインダーの吸着率若しくは引張破壊ひずみ、固体粒子の結着力等を考慮して、優れた分散安定性及びハンドリング性を損なわない範囲に、適宜に設定される。フッ素含有重合性化合物に由来する構成成分の含有量は、例えば、フッ素系共重合体を構成する全構成成分中、0~45モル%であることが好ましく、2~40モル%であることがより好ましい。フッ素原子を含まない重合性化合物に由来する構成成分の含有量は、例えば、フッ素系共重合体を構成する全構成成分中、0~30モル%であることが好ましく、1~25モル%であることがより好ましい。
官能基群(a)から選択される官能基を有する重合性化合物に由来する構成成分(官能基を有する構成成分)の含有量は、含フッ素バインダーの吸着率若しくは引張破壊ひずみ、固体粒子の結着力等を考慮して適宜に決定される。例えば、優れた分散安定性及びハンドリング性を維持しつつも、固体粒子の結着力、更には集電体との密着性を更に強固なものとすることができる点で、フッ素系共重合体を構成する全構成成分中、0.01~10モル%であることが好ましく、その下限値は、0.02モル%以上であることがより好ましく、0.05モル%以上であることが更に好ましく、0.1モル%以上であることが特に好ましい。その上限値は、8モル%以下であることがより好ましく、5モル%以下であることが更に好ましく、2モル%以下であることが特に好ましい。
フッ素系共重合体が官能基を有する構成成分を複数有する場合、官能基を有する構成成分の含有量は合計量とする。また、官能基を有する構成成分の含有量は、1つの構成成分が複数若しくは複数種の官能基を有する場合、通常、当該構成成分の含有量をいうが、本発明においては、フッ素系共重合体からなるバインダーの吸着率、固体粒子の結着力等との関係で、便宜上、各官能基についての含有量の合計量とする。この場合、フッ素系共重合体を構成する全構成成分の含有量の合計が100モル%を超えることになる。ただし、複数若しくは複数種の官能基が1つの分子鎖(直鎖状の分子鎖等)に存在しているとき(例えば共通の原料化合物に由来するとき)、上記合計量には、各官能基の含有量を算入せず、複数若しくは複数種の官能基をまとめて1つの官能基として合計量に算入する。例えば、実施例で合成したポリマーS-21は1つの構成成分がエステル基とカルボキシ基とを有しているため、エステル基及びカルボキシ基を有する構成成分の含有量をそれぞれ0.3モル%(合計0.6モル%)とするのではなく、エステル基とカルボキシ基とをまとめて1つの官能基としてこの構成成分の含有量を0.3モル%とする。
上記官能基は、フッ素系共重合体を形成するいずれの構成成分が有していてもよいが、VDF構成成分、HFP構成成分、及びフッ素原子を含まない重合性化合物由来の構成成分以外の構成成分が有することが好ましい。上記官能基を有する好ましい構成成分としては、例えば、フッ素含有重合性化合物に由来する構成成分が挙げられる。官能基は、ポリマーの主鎖に組み込まれてもよく、側鎖に組み込まれてもよい。側鎖に組み込まれる場合、ポリマーの主鎖を形成する原子に直接若しくは連結基を介して結合する態様、更に、側鎖を構成するマクロモノマーの重合鎖に上記官能基を有する態様を包含する。
本発明において、ポリマーの主鎖とは、ポリマーを構成する、それ以外のすべての分子鎖が、主鎖に対して枝分れ鎖若しくはペンダントとみなしうる線状分子鎖をいう。枝分れ鎖若しくはペンダント鎖とみなす分子鎖の質量平均分子量にもよるが、典型的には、ポリマーを構成する分子鎖のうち最長鎖が主鎖となる。ただし、ポリマー末端が有する末端基は主鎖に含まない。また、ポリマーの側鎖とは、主鎖以外の分子鎖をいい、短分子鎖及び長分子鎖を含む。
ヒドロキシ基、アミノ基、カルボキシ基、スルホ基、リン酸基、ホスホン酸基、スルファニル基、エーテル結合(-O-)、イミノ基(=NR、-NR-)、エステル結合(-CO-O-)、アミド結合(-CO-NR-)、ウレタン結合(-NR-CO-O-)、ウレア結合(-NR-CO-NR-)、ヘテロ環基、アリール基、無水カルボン酸基、イソシアナート基(-NCO)、アルコキシシリル基、フルオロアルキル基、シロキサン基
官能基群(a)に含まれるアミノ基、スルホ基、リン酸基(ホスホリル基)、ヘテロ環基、アリール基、アルコキシシリル基は、それぞれ、特に制限されないが、後述する置換基Zの対応する基と同義である。ただし、アミノ基の炭素数は、0~12がより好ましく、0~6が更に好ましく、0~2が特に好ましい。ホスホン酸基としては、特に制限されないが、例えば、炭素数0~20のホスホン酸基等が挙げられる。ヒドロキシ基、アミノ基、カルボキシ基、スルホ基、リン酸基、ホスホン酸基、スルファニル基は塩を形成していてもよい。フルオロアルキル基は、アルキル基若しくはシクロアルキル基の少なくとも1つの水素原子をフッ素原子で置換した基であり、その炭素数は、1~20が好ましく、2~15がより好ましく、3~10が更に好ましい。炭素原子上のフッ素原子数は水素原子の一部を置き換えたものでもよく、すべて置き換えたもの(パーフルオロアルキル基)でもよい。
シロキサン基は、特に制限されず、例えば-(SiR2-O)n-で表される構造を有する基が好ましい。平均繰り返し数nは1~100が好ましく、5~50がより好ましく、10~30が更に好ましい。
官能基としてエステル結合(カルボキシ基を形成するエステル結合を除く)又はアミド結合を有する構成成分は、主鎖を構成する原子にエステル結合又はアミド結合が直接結合していない構成成分を意味し、例えば、(メタ)アクリル酸アルキルエステルに由来する構成成分を包含しない。
各結合中のRは、水素原子又は置換基を示し、水素原子が好ましい。置換基としては特に制限されず、後述する置換基Zから選択され、アルキル基が好ましい。
無水カルボン酸基の一例として、下記式(2a)で表される基又は式(2b)で表される構成成分が挙げられるが、本発明はこれらに限定されない。各式中、*は結合位置を示す。
官能基をポリマー鎖中に組み込む方法としては、特に制限されず、例えば、官能基群(a)から選択される官能基を有する重合性化合物を共重合可能な重合性化合物(官能基を有する重合性化合物)として用いる方法、上記官能基を有する(生じる)重合開始剤若しくは連鎖移動剤を用いる方法、高分子反応を利用する方法、フッ素系共重合体のVDF成分の脱フッ化水素反応により生じた二重結合へのエン反応、エン-チオール反応、又は銅触媒を用いたATRP(Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization)重合法等が挙げられる。
中でも、(メタ)アクリルポリマーからなる重合鎖等好ましく、後述する(メタ)アクリル化合物(M1)に由来する構成成分、後述する重合性化合物(M2)に由来する構成成分等を有することが好ましい。(メタ)アクリル化合物(M1)としては、特に制限されないが、例えば、(メタ)アクリル酸化合物、(メタ)アクリル酸エステル化合物、(メタ)アクリルアミド化合物、(メタ)アクリルニトリル化合物等が挙げられる。重合鎖を構成する(メタ)アクリル酸アルキルエステル化合物はアルキル基として上記フルオロアルキル基を有することが好ましい態様の1つである。また、(メタ)アクリル酸アルキルエステル化合物を有する重合鎖が複数の(メタ)アクリル酸エステル化合物を有する場合、少なくとも1種は(メタ)アクリル酸フルオロアルキルエステル化合物であり、他の少なくとも1種の(メタ)アクリル酸アルキルエステル化合物におけるアルキル基の炭素数は、3~20であることが好ましく、4~16であることがより好ましく、6~14であることが更に好ましい。(メタ)アクリルポリマー中におけるその他の重合性化合物(M2)の含有量は、特に制限されないが、例えば50モル%未満とすることができる。
マクロモノマーの数平均分子量は、特に制限されないが、優れた分散安定性及びハンドリング性を維持しつつも、固体粒子の結着力、更には集電体との密着性を更に強固なものとすることができる点で、500~100,000が好ましく、1,000~50,000がより好ましく、2,000~20,000が更に好ましい。また、マクロモノマー中に組み込まれる官能基を有する繰り返し単位の含有量は1~100モル%が好ましく、3~80モル%がより好ましく、5~70モル%が更に好ましい。官能基を有さない繰り返し単位の含有量は、0~90モル%が好ましく、0~70モル%より好ましく、0~50モル%が更に好ましい。溶解性などの観点で、任意の成分を選択することができる。
官能基を有する化合物としては、好ましくは官能基自体が炭素-炭素不飽和結合を含む化合物であり、より好ましくは無水マレイン酸である。
炭素-炭素不飽和結合としては、特に制限されず、例えば、ビニル基、(メタ)アクリロイル基が挙げられる。
炭素-炭素不飽和結合と上記官能基とを連結する連結基は、特に制限されないが、例えば、アルキレン基(炭素数は1~12が好ましく、1~6がより好ましく、1~3が更に好ましい)、アルケニレン基(炭素数は2~6が好ましく、2~3がより好ましい)、アリーレン基(炭素数は6~24が好ましく、6~10がより好ましい)、酸素原子、硫黄原子、イミノ基(-NRN-)、カルボニル基、リン酸連結基(-O-P(OH)(O)-O-)、ホスホン酸連結基(-P(OH)(O)-O-)、又はこれらの組み合わせに係る基等が挙げられる。アルキレン基と酸素原子とを組み合わせてポリアルキレンオキシ鎖を形成することもできる。連結基としては、アルキレン基、アリーレン基、カルボニル基、酸素原子、硫黄原子及びイミノ基を組み合わせてなる基が好ましく、アルキレン基、アリーレン基、カルボニル基、酸素原子及びイミノ基を組み合わせてなる基がより好ましく、-CO-O-基、-CO-N(RN)-基(RNは水素原子、炭素数1~6のアルキル基若しくは炭素数6~10のアリール基を示す。)を含む基が更に好ましく、-CO-O-基又は-CO-N(RN)-基とアルキレン基又はポリアルキレンオキシ鎖とを組み合わせてなる基が特に好ましい。上記連結基は官能基群(a)から選択される官能基以外の基を有していてもよい。連結基を構成する原子の数及び連結原子数は後述する通りである。ただし、連結基を構成するポリアルキレンオキシ鎖については、上記の限りではない。上記官能基以外の基としては、後記置換基Zが挙げられ、例えば、アルキル基又はハロゲン原子等が挙げられる。
本発明において、連結基を構成する原子の数は、1~36であることが好ましく、1~24であることがより好ましく、1~12であることが更に好ましく、1~6であることが特に好ましい。連結基の連結原子数は10以下であることが好ましく、8以下であることがより好ましい。下限としては、1以上である。上記連結原子数とは所定の構造部間を結ぶ最少の原子数をいう。例えば、-CH2-C(=O)-O-の場合、連結基を構成する原子の数は6となるが、連結原子数は3となる。
1の構成成分が有する官能基は1種でも2種以上でもよく、2種以上有する場合は、互いに結合していてもいなくてもよい。
官能基を有する化合物としては、VDF構成成分から導かれる構成成分に各種反応により官能基を導入可能な化合物であることが好ましい態様の1つである。
官能基を有する化合物としては、例えば、(メタ)アクリル酸化合物、(メタ)アクリル酸エステル化合物、(メタ)アクリルアミド化合物等の(メタ)アクリル化合物(M1)であって上記官能基を有する化合物、ビニルナフタレン化合物、ビニルカルバゾール化合物等を含む芳香族ビニル化合物、アリル化合物、ビニルエーテル化合物、ビニルエステル化合物等の重合性化合物(M2)であって上記官能基を有する化合物が挙げられる。
官能基を有する重合性化合物及び官能基を導入可能な化合物の具体例を以下に示すが、これらに限定されない。
アルキル基(好ましくは炭素数1~20のアルキル基、例えばメチル、エチル、イソプロピル、t-ブチル、ペンチル、ヘプチル、1-エチルペンチル、ベンジル、2-エトキシエチル、1-カルボキシメチル等)、アルケニル基(好ましくは炭素数2~20のアルケニル基、例えば、ビニル、アリル、オレイル等)、アルキニル基(好ましくは炭素数2~20のアルキニル基、例えば、エチニル、ブタジイニル、フェニルエチニル等)、シクロアルキル基(好ましくは炭素数3~20のシクロアルキル基、例えば、シクロプロピル、シクロペンチル、シクロヘキシル、4-メチルシクロヘキシル等、本明細書においてアルキル基というときには通常シクロアルキル基を含む意味であるが、ここでは別記する。)、アリール基(好ましくは炭素数6~26のアリール基、例えば、フェニル、1-ナフチル、4-メトキシフェニル、2-クロロフェニル、3-メチルフェニル等)、アラルキル基(好ましくは炭素数7~23のアラルキル基、例えば、ベンジル、フェネチル等)、ヘテロ環基(好ましくは炭素数2~20のヘテロ環基で、より好ましくは、少なくとも1つの酸素原子、硫黄原子、窒素原子を有する5又は6員環のヘテロ環基である。ヘテロ環基には芳香族ヘテロ環基及び脂肪族ヘテロ環基を含む。例えば、テトラヒドロピラン環基、テトラヒドロフラン環基、2-ピリジル、4-ピリジル、2-イミダゾリル、2-ベンゾイミダゾリル、2-チアゾリル、2-オキサゾリル、ピロリドン基等)、アルコキシ基(好ましくは炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基、例えば、メトキシ、エトキシ、イソプロピルオキシ、ベンジルオキシ等)、アリールオキシ基(好ましくは炭素数6~26のアリールオキシ基、例えば、フェノキシ、1-ナフチルオキシ、3-メチルフェノキシ、4-メトキシフェノキシ等、本明細書においてアリールオキシ基というときにはアリーロイルオキシ基を含む意味である。)、ヘテロ環オキシ基(上記ヘテロ環基に-O-基が結合した基)、アルコキシカルボニル基(好ましくは炭素数2~20のアルコキシカルボニル基、例えば、エトキシカルボニル、2-エチルヘキシルオキシカルボニル、ドデシルオキシカルボニル等)、アリールオキシカルボニル基(好ましくは炭素数6~26のアリールオキシカルボニル基、例えば、フェノキシカルボニル、1-ナフチルオキシカルボニル、3-メチルフェノキシカルボニル、4-メトキシフェノキシカルボニル等)、ヘテロ環オキシカルボニル基(上記ヘテロ環基に-O-CO-基が結合した基)、アミノ基(好ましくは炭素数0~20のアミノ基、アルキルアミノ基、アリールアミノ基を含み、例えば、アミノ(-NH2)、N,N-ジメチルアミノ、N,N-ジエチルアミノ、N-エチルアミノ、アニリノ等)、スルファモイル基(好ましくは炭素数0~20のスルファモイル基、例えば、N,N-ジメチルスルファモイル、N-フェニルスルファモイル等)、アシル基(アルキルカルボニル基、アルケニルカルボニル基、アルキニルカルボニル基、アリールカルボニル基、ヘテロ環カルボニル基を含み、好ましくは炭素数1~20のアシル基、例えば、アセチル、プロピオニル、ブチリル、オクタノイル、ヘキサデカノイル、アクリロイル、メタクリロイル、クロトノイル、ベンゾイル、ナフトイル、ニコチノイル等)、アシルオキシ基(アルキルカルボニルオキシ基、アルケニルカルボニルオキシ基、アルキニルカルボニルオキシ基、アリールカルボニルオキシ基、ヘテロ環カルボニルオキシ基を含み、好ましくは炭素数1~20のアシルオキシ基、例えば、アセチルオキシ、プロピオニルオキシ、ブチリルオキシ、オクタノイルオキシ、ヘキサデカノイルオキシ、アクリロイルオキシ、メタクリロイルオキシ、クロトノイルオキシ、ベンゾイルオキシ、ナフトイルオキシ、ニコチノイルオキシ等)、アリーロイルオキシ基(好ましくは炭素数7~23のアリーロイルオキシ基、例えば、ベンゾイルオキシ等)、カルバモイル基(好ましくは炭素数1~20のカルバモイル基、例えば、N,N-ジメチルカルバモイル、N-フェニルカルバモイル等)、アシルアミノ基(好ましくは炭素数1~20のアシルアミノ基、例えば、アセチルアミノ、ベンゾイルアミノ等)、アルキルチオ基(好ましくは炭素数1~20のアルキルチオ基、例えば、メチルチオ、エチルチオ、イソプロピルチオ、ベンジルチオ等)、アリールチオ基(好ましくは炭素数6~26のアリールチオ基、例えば、フェニルチオ、1-ナフチルチオ、3-メチルフェニルチオ、4-メトキシフェニルチオ等)、ヘテロ環チオ基(上記ヘテロ環基に-S-基が結合した基)、アルキルスルホニル基(好ましくは炭素数1~20のアルキルスルホニル基、例えば、メチルスルホニル、エチルスルホニル等)、アリールスルホニル基(好ましくは炭素数6~22のアリールスルホニル基、例えば、ベンゼンスルホニル等)、アルキルシリル基(好ましくは炭素数1~20のアルキルシリル基、例えば、モノメチルシリル、ジメチルシリル、トリメチルシリル、トリエチルシリル等)、アリールシリル基(好ましくは炭素数6~42のアリールシリル基、例えば、トリフェニルシリル等)、アルコキシシリル基(好ましくは炭素数1~20のアルコキシシリル基、例えば、モノメトキシシリル、ジメトキシシリル、トリメトキシシリル、トリエトキシシリル等)、アリールオキシシリル基(好ましくは炭素数6~42のアリールオキシシリル基、例えば、トリフェニルオキシシリル等)、ホスホリル基(好ましくは炭素数0~20のリン酸基、例えば、-OP(=O)(RP)2)、ホスホニル基(好ましくは炭素数0~20のホスホニル基、例えば、-P(=O)(RP)2)、ホスフィニル基(好ましくは炭素数0~20のホスフィニル基、例えば、-P(RP)2)、ホスホン酸基(好ましくは炭素数0~20のホスホン酸基、例えば、-PO(ORP)2)、スルホ基(スルホン酸基)、カルボキシ基、ヒドロキシ基、スルファニル基、シアノ基、ハロゲン原子(例えばフッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子等)が挙げられる。RPは、水素原子又は置換基(好ましくは置換基Zから選択される基)である。
また、これらの置換基Zで挙げた各基は、上記置換基Zが更に置換していてもよい。
上記アルキル基、アルキレン基、アルケニル基、アルケニレン基、アルキニル基及び/又はアルキニレン基等は、環状でも鎖状でもよく、また直鎖でも分岐していてもよい。
含フッ素バインダー(フッ素系共重合体)は、特に制限されないが、アルミニウム箔に対する剥離強度が0.1N/mm以上であることが好ましい。これにより、強固な集電体密着性を活物質層に付与することができ、全固体二次電池のサイクル特性の更なる向上に貢献する。集電体密着性及びサイクル特性の更なる改善の点で、フッ素系共重合体の剥離強度は、0.2N/mm以上であることがより好ましく、0.3N/mm以上であることが更に好ましい。上限は、特に限定されないが、例えば、10N/mm以下であることが実際的であり、2.0N/mm以下であることが好ましい。本発明において、剥離強度は、フッ素系共重合体の組成を変更すること、含フッ素バインダーの物性を変更すること等によって、適宜に設定できる。
剥離強度は、アルミニウム箔(商品名:A1N30、宝泉社製)上に、含フッ素バインダーを有機溶媒(酪酸ブチル)に溶解させた溶液(固形分濃度:10質量%)を滴下した後に乾燥(温度:100℃、時間:180分)して、厚さ50μmの乾燥膜(幅:10mm、長さ:50mm)を作製して、これを試験片として用いて、測定する。測定方法及び条件は、引っ張り試験機(ZTS-50N、イマダ社製)を用いて、得られた乾燥膜をアルミニウム箔の塗布面に対して角度90°の方向に30mm/sの速度で引き剥がした際の引き剥がし力を測定して、その平均値を剥離強度(単位:N/mm)とする。
フッ素系共重合体は、非晶質であることが好ましい。本発明において、ポリマーが「非晶質」であるとは、典型的には、ガラス転移温度で測定したときに結晶融解に起因する吸熱ピークが見られないことをいう。
含フッ素バインダーの平均粒子径は、上記無機固体電解質の粒子径と同様にして測定できる。
なお、全固体二次電池の構成層における含フッ素バインダーの平均粒子径は、例えば、電池を分解して含フッ素バインダーを含有する構成層を剥がした後、その構成層について測定を行い、予め測定していた含フッ素バインダー以外の粒子の粒子径の測定値を排除することにより、測定することができる。
含フッ素バインダーの平均粒子径は、例えば、分散媒の種類、ポリマー中の構成成分の含有量等により、調整できる。
本発明において、引張破壊ひずみは、フッ素系共重合体の分子量を変更すること等によって、適宜に設定できる。
本発明において、ポリマー、重合鎖の分子量については、特に断らない限り、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)によって標準ポリスチレン換算の質量平均分子量又は数平均分子量をいう。その測定法としては、基本として下記条件1又は条件2(優先)の方法により測定した値とする。ただし、ポリマーの種類によっては適宜適切な溶離液を選定して用いればよい。
(条件1)
カラム:TOSOH TSKgel Super AWM-H(商品名、東ソー社製)を2本つなげる
キャリア:10mMLiBr/N-メチルピロリドン
測定温度:40℃
キャリア流量:1.0ml/min
試料濃度:0.1質量%
検出器:RI(屈折率)検出器
(条件2)
カラム:TOSOH TSKgel Super HZM-H、TOSOH TSKgel Super HZ4000、TOSOH TSKgel Super HZ2000(いずれも商品名、東ソー社製)をつないだカラムを用いる。
キャリア:テトラヒドロフラン
測定温度:40℃
キャリア流量:1.0ml/min
試料濃度:0.1質量%
検出器:RI(屈折率)検出器
本発明において、SP値は、特に断らない限り、Hoy法によって求める(H.L.Hoy JOURNAL OF PAINT TECHNOLOGY Vol.42,No.541,1970,76-118、及びPOLYMER HANDBOOK 4th、59章、VII 686ページ Table5、Table6及びTable6中の下記式参照)。また、SP値については単位を省略して示しているが、その単位はMPa1/2である。
SPp 2=(SP1 2×W1)+(SP2 2×W2)+・・・
式中、SP1、SP2・・・は構成成分のSP値を示し、W1、W2・・・は構成成分の質量分率を示す。なお、VDF構成成分のSP値は13.1であり、HFP構成成分のSP値は10.1である。
本発明において、構成成分の質量分率は、当該構成成分(この構成成分を導く原料化合物)のポリマー中の質量分率とする。
含フッ素系共重合体のSP値は、フッ素系共重合体の組成(構成成分の種類及び含有量)等によって、調整できる。
HFP量が30~40モル%であり、官能基として無水カルボン酸基(好ましくは無水マレイン酸基)を少量(上記含有量)導入した、引張破壊ひずみが2500~3500%であるフッ素系共重合体であって、含フッ素バインダーの無機固体電解質に対する吸着率が0%を越え5%未満となるフッ素系共重合体。
HFP量が21~40モル%であり、好ましくは官能基(a)を少量(上記含有量)導入した、引張破壊ひずみが500%以上である、質量平均分子量が400,000以上であるフッ素系共重合体であって、含フッ素バインダーの無機固体電解質に対する吸着率が0%を越え10%未満となるフッ素系共重合体。
含フッ素バインダーの、無機固体電解質含有組成物中の含有量は、特に制限されないが、分散安定性及びハンドリング性を改善し、更に結着性も示す点で、固形分100質量%において、0.1~10.0質量%であることが好ましく、0.2~5.0質量%であることがより好ましく、0.3~4.0質量%であることが更に好ましい。
本発明の無機固体電解質含有組成物は、ポリマーバインダーとして、上述の含フッ素バインダー以外に、組成物中の分散媒に不溶で、粒子状のポリマーバインダー(粒子状バインダー)を1種又は2種以上含有することが好ましい。この粒子状バインダーの形状は、特に制限されず、偏平状、無定形等であってもよいが、球状若しくは顆粒状が好ましい。粒子状バインダーの平均粒子径は1~1000nmであることが好ましく、10~800nmであることがより好ましく、20~500nmであることが更に好ましく、40~300nmであることが特に好ましい。平均粒子径は上記無機固体電解質の粒子径と同様にして測定できる。
この粒子状バインダーは、無機固体電解質に対する吸着率が60%以上である粒子状バインダーが好ましい。活物質への吸着率は適宜に決定される。各吸着率は、含フッ素バインダーと同様にして測定できる。
無機固体電解質含有組成物が粒子状バインダーを含有すると、含フッ素バインダーによる分散安定性とハンドリング性の改善効果を損なうことなく、界面抵抗の上昇を抑えつつも固体粒子の結着性を強化することができる。その結果、全固体二次電池について、サイクル特性を更に高めることができ、好ましくは更なる低抵抗化を実現することができる。
粒子状バインダーとしては、全固体二次電池に製造に用いられる各種の粒子状バインダーを特に制限されることなく用いることができる。例えば、下記の逐次重合ポリマー又は連鎖重合ポリマーからなる粒子状バインダーが挙げられ、具体的には、実施例で合成したポリマーA-1及びA-2等が挙げられる。また、特開2015-088486号公報、国際公開第2018/020827号等に記載のバインダーも挙げられる。
逐次重合ポリマーとしては、特に制限されないが、例えば、ポリウレタン、ポリウレア、ポリアミド、ポリイミド、ポリエステル、ポリカーボネート等が挙げられる。連鎖重合ポリマーとしては、特に制限されないが、例えば、フッ素系ポリマー(フッ素系共重合体)、炭化水素系ポリマー、ビニル系ポリマー、(メタ)アクリルポリマー等の連鎖重合ポリマー(例えば後述するものが挙げられる。)が挙げられる。
本発明の無機固体電解質含有組成物は、ポリマーバインダーとして、上述の含フッ素バインダーに加えて、連鎖重合系ポリマーからなるポリマーバインダーを1種又は2種以上含有することが好ましい。無機固体電解質含有組成物が含フッ素バインダーを含有すると、ハンドリング性を損なうことなく分散安定性を一層改善でき、サイクル特性の更なる向上が可能となる。
この連鎖重合系ポリマーからなるポリマーバインダー(連鎖重合系ポリマーバインダーということがある。)は、組成物中の分散媒に対して不溶性でもよいが、溶解型バインダーであることが好ましい。また、連鎖重合系ポリマーバインダーは、無機固体電解質に対する吸着率が60%未満であることが好ましく、好ましい範囲は含フッ素バインダーと同じである。活物質への吸着率は適宜に決定される。各吸着率は上記方法により測定できる。
連鎖重合系ポリマーバインダーを形成する連鎖重合系ポリマーとしては、上記フッ素系バインダーを形成するフッ素系共重合体以外の連鎖重合系ポリマーであれば特に制限されないが、炭化水素系ポリマー、ビニル系ポリマー、(メタ)アクリルポリマーが好ましく挙げられる。これらの連鎖重合系ポリマーの重合様式は、特に制限されず、ブロック共重合体、交互共重合体、ランダム共重合体のいずれでもよい。
官能基としてエステル結合(カルボキシ基を形成するエステル結合を除く)又はアミド結合を有する構成成分は、主鎖を構成する原子にエステル結合又はアミド結合が直接結合していない構成成分を意味し、例えば、(メタ)アクリル酸アルキルエステルに由来する構成成分を包含しない。
上記官能基を有する構成成分の、ポリマー中の含有量は、特に制限されないが、固体粒子の結着性の点で、0.01~70モル%であることが好ましく、5~50モル%であることがより好ましく、20~50モル%であることが更に好ましい。
官能基の導入方法としては、例えば、連鎖重合系ポリマーを重合する際に、構成成分を導く化合物と、官能基(a)を含有する化合物を反応させ、共重合する方法が挙げられる。また、官能基を含有する開始剤若しくは連鎖移動剤と重合してポリマー末端に官能基を導入する方法、更には高分子反応で側鎖又は末端に官能基を導入する方法等が挙げられる。官能基を有する、市販の連鎖重合系ポリマーを用いることもできる。
炭化水素系ポリマーバインダーを形成する炭化水素系ポリマーとしては、例えば、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、天然ゴム、ポリブタジエン、ポリイソプレン、ポリスチレン、ポリスチレンブタジエン共重合体、スチレン系熱可塑性エラストマー、ポリブチレン、アクリロニトリルブタジエン共重合体、又はこれらの水添(水素化)ポリマーが挙げられる。スチレン系熱可塑性エラストマー又はその水素化物としては、特に制限されないが、例えば、スチレン-エチレン-ブチレン-スチレンブロック共重合体(SEBS)、スチレン-イソプレン-スチレンブロック共重合体(SIS)、水素化SIS、スチレン-ブタジエン-スチレンブロック共重合体(SBS)、水素化SBS、スチレン-エチレン-エチレン-プロピレン-スチレンブロック共重合体(SEEPS)、スチレン-エチレン-プロピレン-スチレンブロック共重合体(SEPS)、スチレン-ブタジエンゴム(SBR)、水素化スチレン-ブタジエンゴム(HSBR)、更にはSEBS等の上記各ブロック共重合体に対応するランダム共重合体等が挙げられる。本発明において、炭化水素系ポリマーは、主鎖に結合する不飽和基(例えば1,2-ブタジエン構成成分)を有しないものが化学架橋の形成を抑制できる点で好ましい。
上記官能基を有する炭化水素系ポリマーとしては、市販品を用いることができ、例えば、タフテックM1911、タフテックM1913(商品名、旭化成社製)、SUMIFITTシリーズ(住化ケムテックス社製)、DYNARON4630P、DYNARON8630P(商品名、JSR社製)、Nipol LXシリーズ(日本ゼオン社製)が挙げられる。
ビニル系ポリマーバインダーを形成するビニル系ポリマーとしては、例えば、(メタ)アクリル化合物(M1)以外のビニル系モノマーを例えば50モル%以上含有するポリマーが挙げられる。ビニル系モノマーとしては、後述するビニル化合物等が挙げられる。ビニル系ポリマーとしては、具体的には、例えば、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリビニルアセタール、ポリ酢酸ビニル、又はこれらを含む共重合体等が挙げられる。
このビニル系ポリマーは、ビニル系モノマー由来の構成成分以外に、後述する(メタ)アクリルポリマーを形成する(メタ)アクリル化合物(M1)由来の構成成分を有することも好ましい。ビニル系モノマー由来の構成成分の含有量は、(メタ)アクリルポリマーにおける(メタ)アクリル化合物(M1)由来の構成成分の含有量と同じであることが好ましい。(メタ)アクリル化合物(M1)由来の構成成分の含有量は、ポリマー中、50質量%未満であれば特に制限されないが、0~30質量%であることが好ましい。
(メタ)アクリル系ポリマーバインダーを形成する(メタ)アクリル系ポリマーとしては、例えば、(メタ)アクリル酸化合物、(メタ)アクリル酸エステル化合物、(メタ)アクリルアミド化合物及び(メタ)アクリルニトリル化合物から選択される少なくとも1種の(メタ)アクリル化合物(M1)を共重合して得られるポリマーが好ましい。また、(メタ)アクリル化合物(M1)とその他の重合性化合物(M2)との共重合体からなる(メタ)アクリルポリマーも好ましい。(メタ)アクリル酸エステル化合物(M1)としては、例えば、(メタ)アクリル酸アルキルエステル化合物が挙げられ、そのアルキル基の炭素数は、特に制限されないが、例えば、1~24とすることができ、3~20であることが好ましく、4~16であることがより好ましく、6~14であることが更に好ましい。
その他の重合性化合物(M2)としては、特に制限されず、スチレン化合物、ビニルナフタレン化合物、ビニルカルバゾール化合物、アリル化合物、ビニルエーテル化合物、ビニルエステル化合物、イタコン酸ジアルキル化合物、不飽和カルボン酸無水物等のビニル化合物が挙げられる。ビニル化合物としては、例えば、特開2015-88486号公報に記載の「ビニル系モノマー」が挙げられる。
(メタ)アクリルポリマー中におけるその他の重合性化合物(M2)の含有量は、特に制限されないが、例えば50モル%未満とすることができる。
本発明の無機固体電解質含有組成物が含有するポリマーバインダーは、上述のように、含フッ素バインダーを少なくとも1種含んでいればよく、2種以上を含んでいてもよい。
ポリマーバインダーが含フッ素バインダーを含む態様としては、含フッ素バインダーを単独で含む態様、含フッ素バインダーを2種以上含む態様、1種又は2種以上の含フッ素バインダーと粒子状バインダーとを含む態様、更には、各態様において連鎖重合系ポリマーを更に含む態様等が挙げられる。
本発明において、ポリマーバインダーが含有する連鎖重合系ポリマーバインダーは、炭化水素系ポリマーバインダー、ビニル系ポリマーバインダー及び(メタ)アクリルポリマーバインダーからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種であればよい。
本発明の無機固体電解質含有組成物は、上記の各成分を分散させる分散媒を含有することが好ましい。
分散媒としては、使用環境において液状を示す有機化合物であればよく、例えば、各種有機溶媒が挙げられ、具体的には、アルコール化合物、エーテル化合物、アミド化合物、アミン化合物、ケトン化合物、芳香族化合物、脂肪族化合物、ニトリル化合物、エステル化合物等が挙げられる。
分散媒としては、非極性分散媒(疎水性の分散媒)でも極性分散媒(親水性の分散媒)でもよいが、優れた分散性を発現できる点で、非極性分散媒が好ましい。非極性分散媒とは、一般に水に対する親和性が低い性質をいうが、本発明においては、例えば、エステル化合物、ケトン化合物、エーテル化合物、香族化合物、脂肪族化合物等が挙げられる。
ケトン化合物としては、例えば、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、メチルイソブチルケトン(MIBK)、シクロペンタノン、シクロヘキサノン、シクロヘプタノン、ジプロピルケトン、ジブチルケトン、ジイソプロピルケトン、ジイソブチルケトン(DIBK)、イソブチルプロピルケトン、sec-ブチルプロピルケトン、ペンチルプロピルケトン、ブチルプロピルケトンなどが挙げられる。
芳香族化合物としては、例えば、ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン等が挙げられる。
脂肪族化合物としては、例えば、ヘキサン、ヘプタン、オクタン、デカン、シクロヘキサン、メチルシクロヘキサン、エチルシクロヘキサン、シクロオクタン、デカリン、パラフィン、ガソリン、ナフサ、灯油、軽油等が挙げられる。
ニトリル化合物としては、例えば、アセトニトリル、プロピオニトリル、イソブチロニトリルなどが挙げられる。
エステル化合物としては、例えば、酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチル、酢酸プロピル、酪酸プロピル、酪酸イソプロピル、酪酸ブチル、酪酸イソブチル、ペンタン酸ブチル、イソ酪酸エチル、イソ酪酸プロピル、イソ酪酸イソプロピル、イソ酪酸イソブチル、ピバル酸プロピル、ピバル酸イソプロピル、ピバル酸ブチル、ピバル酸イソブチルなどが挙げられる。
分散媒のSP値は、上述のHoy法により算出したSP値を単位MPa1/2に換算した値とする。無機固体電解質含有組成物が2種以上の分散媒を含有する場合、分散媒のSP値は、分散媒全体としてのSP値を意味し、各分散媒のSP値と質量分率との積の総和とする。具体的には、構成成分のSP値に代えて各分散媒のSP値を用いること以外は上述のポリマーのSP値の算出方法と同様にして算出する。
MIBK(18.4)、ジイソプロピルエーテル(16.8)、ジブチルエーテル(17.9)、ジイソプロピルケトン(17.9)、DIBK(17.9)、酪酸ブチル(18.6)、酢酸ブチル(18.9)、トルエン(18.5)、エチルシクロヘキサン(17.1)、シクロオクタン(18.8)
本発明において、無機固体電解質含有組成物中の、分散媒の含有量は、特に制限されず適宜に設定することができる。例えば、無機固体電解質含有組成物中、20~80質量%が好ましく、30~70質量%がより好ましく、40~60質量%が特に好ましい。
本発明の無機固体電解質含有組成物には、周期律表第1族若しくは第2族に属する金属のイオンの挿入放出が可能な活物質を含有することもできる。活物質としては、以下に説明するが、正極活物質及び負極活物質が挙げられる。
本発明において、活物質(正極活物質又は負極活物質)を含有する無機固体電解質含有組成物を電極用組成物(正極用組成物又は負極用組成物)ということがある。
正極活物質は、周期律表第1族若しくは第2族に属する金属のイオンの挿入放出が可能な活物質であり、可逆的にリチウムイオンを挿入及び放出できるものが好ましい。その材料は、上記特性を有するものであれば、特に制限はなく電池を分解して、遷移金属酸化物、又は、有機物、硫黄などのLiと複合化できる元素などでもよい。
中でも、正極活物質としては、遷移金属酸化物を用いることが好ましく、遷移金属元素Ma(Co、Ni、Fe、Mn、Cu及びVから選択される1種以上の元素)を有する遷移金属酸化物がより好ましい。また、この遷移金属酸化物に元素Mb(リチウム以外の金属周期律表の第1(Ia)族の元素、第2(IIa)族の元素、Al、Ga、In、Ge、Sn、Pb、Sb、Bi、Si、P及びBなどの元素)を混合してもよい。混合量としては、遷移金属元素Maの量(100モル%)に対して0~30モル%が好ましい。Li/Maのモル比が0.3~2.2になるように混合して合成されたものが、より好ましい。
遷移金属酸化物の具体例としては、(MA)層状岩塩型構造を有する遷移金属酸化物、(MB)スピネル型構造を有する遷移金属酸化物、(MC)リチウム含有遷移金属リン酸化合物、(MD)リチウム含有遷移金属ハロゲン化リン酸化合物及び(ME)リチウム含有遷移金属ケイ酸化合物等が挙げられる。
(MB)スピネル型構造を有する遷移金属酸化物の具体例として、LiMn2O4(LMO)、LiCoMnO4、Li2FeMn3O8、Li2CuMn3O8、Li2CrMn3O8及びLi2NiMn3O8が挙げられる。
(MC)リチウム含有遷移金属リン酸化合物としては、例えば、LiFePO4及びLi3Fe2(PO4)3等のオリビン型リン酸鉄塩、LiFeP2O7等のピロリン酸鉄類、LiCoPO4等のリン酸コバルト類並びにLi3V2(PO4)3(リン酸バナジウムリチウム)等の単斜晶ナシコン型リン酸バナジウム塩が挙げられる。
(MD)リチウム含有遷移金属ハロゲン化リン酸化合物としては、例えば、Li2FePO4F等のフッ化リン酸鉄塩、Li2MnPO4F等のフッ化リン酸マンガン塩及びLi2CoPO4F等のフッ化リン酸コバルト類が挙げられる。
(ME)リチウム含有遷移金属ケイ酸化合物としては、例えば、Li2FeSiO4、Li2MnSiO4、Li2CoSiO4等が挙げられる。
本発明では、(MA)層状岩塩型構造を有する遷移金属酸化物が好ましく、LCO又はNMCがより好ましい。
焼成法によって得られた正極活物質は、水、酸性水溶液、アルカリ性水溶液、有機溶剤にて洗浄した後使用してもよい。
正極活物質層を形成する場合、正極活物質層の単位面積(cm2)当たりの正極活物質の質量(mg)(目付量)は特に制限されるものではない。設計された電池容量に応じて、適宜に決めることができ、例えば、1~100mg/cm2とすることができる。
負極活物質は、周期律表第1族若しくは第2族に属する金属のイオンの挿入放出が可能な活物質であり、可逆的にリチウムイオンを挿入及び放出できるものが好ましい。その材料は、上記特性を有するものであれば、特に制限はなく、炭素質材料、金属酸化物、金属複合酸化物、リチウム単体、リチウム合金、リチウムと合金形成可能(合金化可能)な負極活物質等が挙げられる。中でも、炭素質材料、金属複合酸化物又はリチウム単体が信頼性の点から好ましく用いられる。全固体二次電池の大容量化が可能となる点では、リチウムと合金化可能な活物質が好ましい。本発明の固体電解質組成物で形成した構成層は固体粒子同士が強固に結着しているため、負極活物質としてリチウムと合金形成可能な負極活物質を用いることができる。これにより、全固体二次電池の大容量化と電池の長寿命化とが可能となる。
これらの炭素質材料は、黒鉛化の程度により難黒鉛化炭素質材料(ハードカーボンともいう。)と黒鉛系炭素質材料に分けることもできる。また炭素質材料は、特開昭62-22066号公報、特開平2-6856号公報、同3-45473号公報に記載される面間隔又は密度、結晶子の大きさを有することが好ましい。炭素質材料は、単一の材料である必要はなく、特開平5-90844号公報記載の天然黒鉛と人造黒鉛の混合物、特開平6-4516号公報記載の被覆層を有する黒鉛等を用いることもできる。
炭素質材料としては、ハードカーボン又は黒鉛が好ましく用いられ、黒鉛がより好ましく用いられる。
Sn、Si、Geを中心とする非晶質酸化物に併せて用いることができる負極活物質としては、リチウムイオン又はリチウム金属を吸蔵及び/又は放出できる炭素質材料、リチウム単体、リチウム合金、リチウムと合金化可能な負極活物質が好適に挙げられる。
負極活物質、例えば金属酸化物は、チタン元素を含有すること(チタン酸化物)も好まし。具体的にはLi4Ti5O12(チタン酸リチウム[LTO])がリチウムイオンの吸蔵放出時の体積変動が小さいことから急速充放電特性に優れ、電極の劣化が抑制されリチウムイオン二次電池の寿命向上が可能となる点で好ましい。
一般的に、これらの負極活物質を含有する負極(例えば、ケイ素元素含有活物質を含有するSi負極、スズ元素を有する活物質を含有するSn負極等)は、炭素負極(黒鉛及びアセチレンブラックなど)に比べて、より多くのLiイオンを吸蔵できる。すなわち、単位質量あたりのLiイオンの吸蔵量が増加する。そのため、電池容量(エネルギー密度)を大きくすることができる。その結果、バッテリー駆動時間を長くすることができるという利点がある。
ケイ素元素含有活物質としては、例えば、Si、SiOx(0<x≦1)等のケイ素材料、更には、チタン、バナジウム、クロム、マンガン、ニッケル、銅、ランタン等を含むケイ素含有合金(例えば、LaSi2、VSi2、La-Si、Gd-Si、Ni-Si)、又は組織化した活物質(例えば、LaSi2/Si)、他にも、SnSiO3、SnSiS3等のケイ素元素及びスズ元素を含有する活物質等が挙げられる。なお、SiOxは、それ自体を負極活物質(半金属酸化物)として用いることができ、また、全固体二次電池の稼働によりSiを生成するため、リチウムと合金化可能な負極活物質(その前駆体物質)として用いることができる。
スズ元素を有する負極活物質としては、例えば、Sn、SnO、SnO2、SnS、SnS2、更には上記ケイ素元素及びスズ元素を含有する活物質等が挙げられる。また、酸化リチウムとの複合酸化物、例えば、Li2SnO2を挙げることもできる。
負極活物質層を形成する場合、負極活物質層の単位面積(cm2)当たりの負極活物質の質量(mg)(目付量)は特に制限されるものではない。設計された電池容量に応じて、適宜に決めることができ、例えば、1~100mg/cm2とすることができる。
正極活物質及び負極活物質の表面は別の金属酸化物で表面被覆されていてもよい。表面被覆剤としてはTi、Nb、Ta、W、Zr、Al、Si又はLiを含有する金属酸化物等が挙げられる。具体的には、チタン酸スピネル、タンタル系酸化物、ニオブ系酸化物、ニオブ酸リチウム系化合物等が挙げられ、具体的には、Li4Ti5O12、Li2Ti2O5、LiTaO3、LiNbO3、LiAlO2、Li2ZrO3、Li2WO4、Li2TiO3、Li2B4O7、Li3PO4、Li2MoO4、Li3BO3、LiBO2、Li2CO3、Li2SiO3、SiO2、TiO2、ZrO2、Al2O3、B2O3等が挙げられる。
また、正極活物質又は負極活物質を含む電極表面は硫黄又はリンで表面処理されていてもよい。
更に、正極活物質又は負極活物質の粒子表面は、上記表面被覆の前後において活性光線又は活性気体(プラズマ等)により表面処理を施されていてもよい。
本発明の無機固体電解質含有組成物は、導電助剤を含有していることが好ましく、例えば、負極活物質としてのケイ素原子含有活物質は導電助剤と併用されることが好ましい。
導電助剤としては、特に制限はなく、一般的な導電助剤として知られているものを用いることができる。例えば、電子伝導性材料である、天然黒鉛、人造黒鉛などの黒鉛類、アセチレンブラック、ケッチェンブラック、ファーネスブラックなどのカーボンブラック類、ニードルコークスなどの無定形炭素、気相成長炭素繊維若しくはカーボンナノチューブなどの炭素繊維類、グラフェン若しくはフラーレンなどの炭素質材料であってもよいし、銅、ニッケルなどの金属粉、金属繊維でもよく、ポリアニリン、ポリピロール、ポリチオフェン、ポリアセチレン、ポリフェニレン誘導体などの導電性高分子を用いてもよい。
本発明において、活物質と導電助剤とを併用する場合、上記の導電助剤のうち、電池を充放電した際に周期律表第一族若しくは第二族に属する金属のイオン(好ましくはLiイオン)の挿入と放出が起きず、活物質として機能しないものを導電助剤とする。したがって、導電助剤の中でも、電池を充放電した際に活物質層中において活物質として機能しうるものは、導電助剤ではなく活物質に分類する。電池を充放電した際に活物質として機能するか否かは、一義的ではなく、活物質との組み合わせにより決定される。
導電助剤の形状は、特に制限されないが、粒子状が好ましい。
本発明の無機固体電解質含有組成物が導電助剤を含む場合、無機固体電解質含有組成物中の導電助剤の含有量は、固形分100質量%中、0~10質量%が好ましい。
本発明の無機固体電解質含有組成物は、リチウム塩(支持電解質)を含有することも好ましい。
リチウム塩としては、通常この種の製品に用いられるリチウム塩が好ましく、特に制限はなく、例えば、特開2015-088486の段落0082~0085記載のリチウム塩が好ましい。
本発明の無機固体電解質含有組成物がリチウム塩を含む場合、リチウム塩の含有量は、固体電解質100質量部に対して、0.1質量部以上が好ましく、5質量部以上がより好ましい。上限としては、50質量部以下が好ましく、20質量部以下がより好ましい。
本発明の無機固体電解質含有組成物は、上述のポリマーバインダーが分散剤としても機能するため、このポリマーバインダー以外の分散剤を含有していなくてもよいが、分散剤を含有してもよい。分散剤としては、全固体二次電池に通常使用されるものを適宜選定して用いることができる。一般的には粒子吸着と立体反発及び/又は静電反発を意図した化合物が好適に使用される。
本発明の無機固体電解質含有組成物は、上記各成分以外の他の成分として、適宜に、イオン液体、増粘剤、架橋剤(ラジカル重合、縮合重合又は開環重合により架橋反応するもの等)、重合開始剤(酸又はラジカルを熱又は光によって発生させるものなど)、消泡剤、レベリング剤、脱水剤、酸化防止剤等を含有することができる。イオン液体は、イオン伝導度をより向上させるため含有されるものであり、公知のものを特に制限されることなく用いることができる。また、上述のポリマーバインダーを形成するポリマー以外のポリマー、通常用いられる結着剤等を含有していてもよい。
本発明の無機固体電解質含有組成物は、無機固体電解質、ポリマーバインダーとして上記含フッ素バインダー、上記分散媒、好ましくは粒子状バインダー、連鎖重合ポリマーバインダー、導電助剤、更には適宜に、リチウム塩、任意の他の成分を、例えば通常用いる各種の混合機で混合することにより、混合物として、好ましくはスラリーとして、調製することができる。電極用組成物の場合は更に活物質を混合する。
混合方法は特に制限されず、一括して混合してもよく、順次混合してもよい。混合する環境は特に制限されないが、乾燥空気下又は不活性ガス下等が挙げられる。
本発明の全固体二次電池用シートは、全固体二次電池の構成層を形成しうるシート状成形体であって、その用途に応じて種々の態様を含む。例えば、固体電解質層に好ましく用いられるシート(全固体二次電池用固体電解質シートともいう。)、電極、又は電極と固体電解質層との積層体に好ましく用いられるシート(全固体二次電池用電極シート)等が挙げられる。本発明において、これら各種のシートをまとめて全固体二次電池用シートという。
本発明の全固体二次電池用固体電解質シートとして、例えば、基材上に、本発明の無機固体電解質含有組成物で構成した層、通常固体電解質層と、保護層とをこの順で有するシートが挙げられる。全固体二次電池用固体電解質シートが有する固体電解質層は、本発明の無機固体電解質含有組成物で形成されることが好ましい。この固体電解質層中の各成分の含有量は、特に限定されないが、好ましくは、本発明の無機固体電解質含有組成物の固形分中における各成分の含有量と同義である。全固体二次電池用固体電解質シートを構成する各層の層厚は、後述する全固体二次電池において説明する各層の層厚と同じである。
本発明の全固体二次電池用シートの製造方法は、特に制限されず、本発明の無機固体電解質含有組成物を用いて、上記の各層を形成することにより、製造できる。例えば、好ましくは基材若しくは集電体上(他の層を介していてもよい。)に、製膜(塗布乾燥)して無機固体電解質含有組成物からなる層(塗布乾燥層)を形成する方法が挙げられる。これにより、基材若しくは集電体と、塗布乾燥層とを有する全固体二次電池用シートを作製することができる。特に、本発明の無機固体電解質含有組成物を集電体上で製膜して全固体二次電池用シートを作製すると、集電体と活物質層との密着を強固にできる。ここで、塗布乾燥層とは、本発明の無機固体電解質含有組成物を塗布し、分散媒を乾燥させることにより形成される層(すなわち、本発明の無機固体電解質含有組成物を用いてなり、本発明の無機固体電解質含有組成物から分散媒を除去した組成からなる層)をいう。活物質層及び塗布乾燥層は、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲であれば分散媒が残存していてもよく、残存量としては、例えば、各層中、3質量%以下とすることができる。
本発明の全固体二次電池用シートの製造方法において、塗布、乾燥等の各工程については、下記全固体二次電池の製造方法において説明する。
また、本発明の全固体二次電池用シートの製造方法においては、基材、保護層(特に剥離シート)等を剥離することもできる。
本発明の全固体二次電池は、正極活物質層と、この正極活物質層に対向する負極活物質層と、正極活物質層及び負極活物質層の間に配置された固体電解質層とを有する。正極活物質層は、好ましくは正極集電体上に形成され、正極を構成する。負極活物質層は、好ましくは負極集電体上に形成され、負極を構成する。
負極活物質層、正極活物質層及び固体電解質層の少なくとも1つの層が本発明の無機固体電解質含有組成物で形成されており、全ての層が本発明の無機固体電解質含有組成物で形成されることも好ましい態様の1つである。本発明の無機固体電解質含有組成物で形成された活物質層又は固体電解質層は、好ましくは、含有する成分種及びその含有量比について、本発明の無機固体電解質含有組成物の固形分におけるものと同じである。なお、活物質層又は固体電解質層が本発明の無機固体電解質含有組成物で形成されない場合、公知の材料を用いることができる。
負極活物質層、固体電解質層及び正極活物質層の厚さは、それぞれ、特に制限されない。各層の厚さは、一般的な全固体二次電池の寸法を考慮すると、それぞれ、10~1,000μmが好ましく、20μm以上500μm未満がより好ましい。本発明の全固体二次電池においては、正極活物質層及び負極活物質層の少なくとも1層の厚さが、50μm以上500μm未満であることが更に好ましい。
正極活物質層及び負極活物質層は、それぞれ、固体電解質層とは反対側に集電体を備えていてもよい。
本発明の全固体二次電池は、用途によっては、上記構造のまま全固体二次電池として使用してもよいが、乾電池の形態とするためには更に適当な筐体に封入して用いることが好ましい。筐体は、金属性のものであっても、樹脂(プラスチック)製のものであってもよい。金属性のものを用いる場合には、例えば、アルミニウム合金又は、ステンレス鋼製のものを挙げることができる。金属性の筐体は、正極側の筐体と負極側の筐体に分けて、それぞれ正極集電体及び負極集電体と電気的に接続させることが好ましい。正極側の筐体と負極側の筐体とは、短絡防止用のガスケットを介して接合され、一体化されることが好ましい。
全固体二次電池10においては、正極活物質層、固体電解質層及び負極活物質層のいずれも本発明の無機固体電解質含有組成物で形成されている。この全固体二次電池10は優れた電池性能を示す。正極活物質層4、固体電解質層3及び負極活物質層2が含有する無機固体電解質及びポリマーバインダー(含フッ素バインダー)は、それぞれ、互いに同種であっても異種であってもよい。
本発明において、正極活物質層及び負極活物質層のいずれか、又は、両方を合わせて、単に、活物質層又は電極活物質層と称することがある。また、正極活物質及び負極活物質のいずれか、又は両方を合わせて、単に、活物質又は電極活物質と称することがある。
本発明において、正極集電体及び負極集電体のいずれか、又は、両方を合わせて、単に、集電体と称することがある。
正極集電体を形成する材料としては、アルミニウム、アルミニウム合金、ステンレス鋼、ニッケル及びチタンなどの他に、アルミニウム又はステンレス鋼の表面にカーボン、ニッケル、チタンあるいは銀を処理させたもの(薄膜を形成したもの)が好ましく、その中でも、アルミニウム及びアルミニウム合金がより好ましい。
負極集電体を形成する材料としては、アルミニウム、銅、銅合金、ステンレス鋼、ニッケル及びチタンなどの他に、アルミニウム、銅、銅合金又はステンレス鋼の表面にカーボン、ニッケル、チタンあるいは銀を処理させたものが好ましく、アルミニウム、銅、銅合金及びステンレス鋼がより好ましい。
集電体の厚みは、特に制限されないが、1~500μmが好ましい。また、集電体表面は、表面処理により凹凸を付けることも好ましい。
本発明において、負極集電体、負極活物質層、固体電解質層、正極活物質層及び正極集電体の各層の間又はその外側には、機能性の層、部材等を適宜介在若しくは配設してもよい。また、各層は単層で構成されていても、複層で構成されていてもよい。
全固体二次電池は、常法によって、製造できる。具体的には、全固体二次電池は、本発明の無機固体電解質含有組成物等を用いて、上記の各層を形成することにより、製造できる。以下、詳述する。
例えば、正極集電体である金属箔上に、正極用材料(正極用組成物)として、正極活物質を含有する無機固体電解質含有組成物を塗布して正極活物質層を形成し、全固体二次電池用正極シートを作製する。次いで、この正極活物質層の上に、固体電解質層を形成するための無機固体電解質含有組成物を塗布して、固体電解質層を形成する。更に、固体電解質層の上に、負極用材料(負極用組成物)として、負極活物質を含有する無機固体電解質含有組成物を塗布して、負極活物質層を形成する。負極活物質層の上に、負極集電体(金属箔)を重ねることにより、正極活物質層と負極活物質層の間に固体電解質層が挟まれた構造の全固体二次電池を得ることができる。これを筐体に封入して所望の全固体二次電池とすることもできる。
また、各層の形成方法を逆にして、負極集電体上に、負極活物質層、固体電解質層及び正極活物質層を形成し、正極集電体を重ねて、全固体二次電池を製造することもできる。
また別の方法として、次の方法が挙げられる。すなわち、上記のようにして、全固体二次電池用正極シート及び全固体二次電池用負極シートを作製する。また、これとは別に、無機固体電解質含有組成物を基材上に塗布して、固体電解質層からなる全固体二次電池用固体電解質シートを作製する。更に、全固体二次電池用正極シート及び全固体二次電池用負極シートで、基材から剥がした固体電解質層を挟むように積層する。このようにして、全固体二次電池を製造することができる。
更に、上記のようにして、全固体二次電池用正極シート又は全固体二次電池用負極シート、及び全固体二次電池用固体電解質シートを作製する。次いで、全固体二次電池用正極シート又は全固体二次電池用負極シートと全固体二次電池用固体電解質シートとを、正極活物質層又は負極活物質層と固体電解質層とを接触させた状態に、重ねて、加圧する。こうして、全固体二次電池用正極シート又は全固体二次電池用負極シートに固体電解質層を転写する。その後、全固体二次電池用固体電解質シートの基材を剥離した固体電解質層と全固体二次電池用負極シート又は全固体二次電池用正極シートとを(固体電解質層に負極活物質層又は正極活物質層を接触させた状態に)重ねて加圧する。こうして、全固体二次電池を製造することができる。この方法における加圧方法及び加圧条件等は、特に制限されず、後述する、塗布した組成物の加圧において説明する方法及び加圧条件等を適用できる。
上記の製造方法においては、正極用組成物、無機固体電解質含有組成物及び負極用組成物のいずれか1つに本発明の無機固体電解質含有組成物を用いればよく、無機固体電解質含有組成物に本発明の無機固体電解質含有組成物を用いることが好ましく、いずれの組成物に本発明の無機固体電解質含有組成物を用いることもできる。
本発明の固体電解質組成物以外の組成物で固体電解質層又は活物質層を形成する場合、その材料としては、通常用いられる組成物等が挙げられる。また、全固体二次電池の製造時に負極活物質層を形成せずに、後述する初期化若しくは使用時の充電で負極集電体に蓄積した、周期律表第一族若しくは第二族に属する金属のイオンを電子と結合させて、金属として負極集電体等の上に析出させることにより、負極活物質層を形成することもできる。
固体電解質層等は、例えば基板若しくは活物質層上で、固体電解質組成物等を後述する加圧条件下で加圧成形して形成することもできるし、固体電解質又は活物質のシート成形体を用いることもできる。
無機固体電解質含有組成物の塗布方法は特に制限されず、適宜に選択できる。例えば、塗布(好ましくは湿式塗布)、スプレー塗布、スピンコート塗布、ディップコート塗布、スリット塗布、ストライプ塗布、バーコート塗布が挙げられる。
このとき、無機固体電解質含有組成物は、それぞれ塗布した後に乾燥処理を施してもよいし、重層塗布した後に乾燥処理をしてもよい。乾燥温度は特に制限されない。下限は、30℃以上が好ましく、60℃以上がより好ましく、80℃以上が更に好ましい。上限は、300℃以下が好ましく、250℃以下がより好ましく、200℃以下が更に好ましい。このような温度範囲で加熱することで、分散媒を除去し、固体状態(塗布乾燥層)にすることができる。また、温度を高くしすぎず、全固体二次電池の各部材を損傷せずに済むため好ましい。これにより、全固体二次電池において、優れた総合性能を示し、かつ良好な結着性と、非加圧でも良好なイオン伝導度を得ることができる。
上記のようにして本発明の無機固体電解質含有組成物を塗布乾燥すると、接触状態のバラツキを抑えて固体粒子を結着させることができ、しかも表面が平坦な塗布乾燥層を形成することができる。
また、塗布した無機固体電解質含有組成物は、加圧と同時に加熱してもよい。加熱温度としては特に制限されず、一般的には30~300℃の範囲である。無機固体電解質のガラス転移温度よりも高い温度でプレスすることもできる。なお、ポリマーバインダーに含まれるポリマーのガラス転移温度よりも高い温度でプレスすることもできる。ただし、一般的にはこのポリマーの融点を越えない温度である。
加圧は塗布溶媒又は分散媒を予め乾燥させた状態で行ってもよいし、溶媒又は分散媒が残存している状態で行ってもよい。
なお、各組成物は同時に塗布してもよいし、塗布乾燥プレスを同時及び/又は逐次行ってもよい。別々の基材に塗布した後に、転写により積層してもよい。
プレス時間は短時間(例えば数時間以内)で高い圧力をかけてもよいし、長時間(1日以上)かけて中程度の圧力をかけてもよい。全固体二次電池用シート以外、例えば全固体二次電池の場合には、中程度の圧力をかけ続けるために、全固体二次電池の拘束具(ネジ締め圧等)を用いることもできる。
プレス圧はシート面等の被圧部に対して均一であっても異なる圧であってもよい。
プレス圧は被圧部の面積又は膜厚に応じて変化させることができる。また同一部位を段階的に異なる圧力で変えることもできる。
プレス面は平滑であっても粗面化されていてもよい。
上記のようにして製造した全固体二次電池は、製造後又は使用前に初期化を行うことが好ましい。初期化は特に制限されず、例えば、プレス圧を高めた状態で初充放電を行い、その後、全固体二次電池の一般使用圧力になるまで圧力を解放することにより、行うことができる。
本発明の全固体二次電池は種々の用途に適用することができる。適用態様には特に制限はないが、例えば、電子機器に搭載する場合、ノートパソコン、ペン入力パソコン、モバイルパソコン、電子ブックプレーヤー、携帯電話、コードレスフォン子機、ページャー、ハンディーターミナル、携帯ファックス、携帯コピー、携帯プリンター、ヘッドフォンステレオ、ビデオムービー、液晶テレビ、ハンディークリーナー、ポータブルCD、ミニディスク、電気シェーバー、トランシーバー、電子手帳、電卓、メモリーカード、携帯テープレコーダー、ラジオ、バックアップ電源などが挙げられる。その他民生用として、自動車、電動車両、モーター、照明器具、玩具、ゲーム機器、ロードコンディショナー、時計、ストロボ、カメラ、医療機器(ペースメーカー、補聴器、肩もみ機など)などが挙げられる。更に、各種軍需用、宇宙用として用いることができる。また、太陽電池と組み合わせることもできる。
[合成例1:フッ素系共重合体S-1の合成、及びバインダー溶液S-1の調製]
フッ素系共重合体S-1を合成して、このフッ素系共重合体からなるバインダー溶液S-1(濃度10質量%)を調製した。
具体的には、オートクレーブにイオン交換水200質量部、フッ化ビニリデン102質量部、ヘキサフルオロプロピレン98質量部を加え、ジイソプロピルパーオキシジカーボネート2質量部を加え、30℃で24時間撹拌した。重合完了後、沈殿物をろ過し、100℃で10時間乾燥することでポリマー(バインダー)S-1を得た。得られたポリマーはランダム共重合体であり、その質量平均分子量は249,000であった。得られたポリマーを酪酸ブチルに溶解して、バインダー溶液を得た。
合成例1において、フッ素系共重合体S-2~S-15及びS-26が表1に示す組成(構成成分の種類及び含有量)となるように、VDF、HFP及び官能基を有する構成成分を導く化合物(官能基を有する重合性化合物)を用いたこと以外は、合成例1と同様にして、ポリマーS-2~S-15及びS-26を合成して、各フッ素系共重合体からなるバインダー溶液S-2~S-15及びバインダー分散液S-26(いずれも濃度10質量%)をそれぞれ得た。
なお、ポリマーS-26は、ポリマーS-4の合成条件のうちジイソプロピルパーオキシジカーボネートの量を0.2質量部に変更して合成した。調製したバインダー分散液S-26におけるポリマーS-26からなるポリマーバインダーの平均粒径は890nmであった。
合成例1において、フッ素系共重合体S-16、CS-1及びCS-2が表1に示す組成(構成成分の種類及び含有量)となるように、VDF、HFP及びテトラフルオロエチレン(TFE)を用いたこと以外は、合成例1と同様にして、ポリマーS-16、CS-1及びCS-2を合成して、各フッ素系共重合体からなるバインダー溶液S-16、CS-1及びCS-2(いずれも濃度10質量%)をそれぞれ得た。
合成例1において、フッ素系共重合体S-17及びS-25が表1に示す組成(構成成分の種類及び含有量)となるように、VDF及びHFP、更にはテトラフルオロエチレンを用い、重合開始剤量を調整したこと以外は、合成例1と同様にして、ポリマーS-17及びS-25を合成して、各フッ素系共重合体からなるバインダー溶液S-17及びS-25(いずれも濃度10質量%)をそれぞれ得た。
フッ素系共重合体S-18を合成して、このフッ素系共重合体からなるバインダー溶液S-18(濃度10質量%)を調製した。
具体的には、還流冷却管を付した500mL三口フラスコに、テトラヒドロフラン180質量部、合成例20で合成したフッ素系共重合体S-17を20質量部加え、更に水酸化リチウム0.28g、メタノール40g加えて、60℃で6時間撹拌した。その後、水に滴下し、沈殿物をろ過し、真空乾燥することでポリマー前駆体(S-18)を得た。
次に、還流冷却管、ガス導入コックを付した300mL三口フラスコに、N-メチルピロリドン90質量部と、上記ポリマー前駆体(S-18)10質量部とを加え溶解させた。その後、流速200mL/minにて窒素ガスを10分間導入した後に75℃に昇温し、ドデカンチオール12質量部、アゾビスイソブチロニトリル(富士フイルム和光純薬社製)0.6質量部を加え、5時間攪拌を継続した。その後、ヘキサンに滴下し、沈殿物としてフッ素系共重合体S-18を得た。60℃での減圧乾燥を5時間行った後、任意の溶媒に再溶解した。得られたフッ素系共重合体を酪酸ブチルに溶解して、バインダー溶液S-18(濃度10質量%)を得た。
フッ素系共重合体S-19を合成して、このフッ素系共重合体からなるバインダー溶液S-19(濃度10質量%)を調製した。
具体的には、還流冷却管を付した500mL三口フラスコに、テトラヒドロフラン180質量部、合成例20で合成したフッ素系共重合体S-17を20質量部加え、更に水酸化リチウム0.17g、メタノール40g加えて、60℃で6時間撹拌した。その後、水に滴下し、沈殿物をろ過し、真空乾燥することでポリマー前駆体(S-19)を得た。
次に、還流冷却管、ガス導入コックを付した300mL三口フラスコに、N-メチルピロリドン90質量部と、上記ポリマー前駆体(S-19)10質量部とを加え溶解させた。その後、流速200mL/minにて窒素ガスを10分間導入した後に75℃に昇温し、6-メルカプト-1-ヘキサノール8質量部、アゾビスイソブチロニトリル(富士フイルム和光純薬社製)0.6質量部を加え、5時間攪拌を継続した。その後、ヘキサンに滴下し、沈殿物としてフッ素系共重合体S-19を得た。60℃での減圧乾燥を5時間行った後、任意の溶媒に再溶解した。得られたフッ素系共重合体を酪酸ブチルに溶解して、バインダー溶液S-19(濃度10質量%)を得た。
フッ素系共重合体S-20を合成して、このフッ素系共重合体からなるバインダー溶液S-20(濃度10質量%)を調製した。
具体的には、還流冷却管を付した2L三口フラスコに、テトラヒドロフラン900質量部、合成例20で合成したフッ素系共重合体S-17を100質量部加え、更に水酸化リチウム0.09g、メタノール200g加えて、60℃で6時間撹拌した。その後、水に滴下し、沈殿物をろ過し、真空乾燥することでポリマー前駆体(S-20)を得た。
次に、還流冷却管、ガス導入コックを付した300mL三口フラスコに、N-メチルピロリドン90質量部と、上記ポリマー前駆体(S-20)10質量部とを加え溶解させた。その後、流速200mL/minにて窒素ガスを10分間導入した後に75℃に昇温し、メルカプトプロピオン酸5質量部、アゾビスイソブチロニトリル(富士フイルム和光純薬社製)0.6質量部を加え、5時間攪拌を継続した。その後、ヘキサンに滴下し、沈殿物としてフッ素系共重合体S-20を得た。60℃での減圧乾燥を5時間行った後、任意の溶媒に再溶解した。得られたフッ素系共重合体を酪酸ブチルに溶解して、バインダー溶液S-20(濃度10質量%)を得た。
フッ素系共重合体S-21を合成して、このフッ素系共重合体からなるバインダー溶液S-21(濃度10質量%)を調製した。
具体的には、還流冷却管、ガス導入コックを付した300mL三口フラスコに、N-メチルピロリドン90質量部と、上記ポリマー前駆体(S-20)10質量部とを加え溶解させた。その後、流速200mL/minにて窒素ガスを10分間導入した後に75℃に昇温し、6-メルカプト-1-ヘキサノール3質量部、アゾビスイソブチロニトリル(富士フイルム和光純薬社製)0.6質量部を加え、5時間攪拌を継続した後、無水マレイン酸7質量部を加え、更に2時間攪拌を行った。その後、ヘキサンに滴下し、沈殿物としてフッ素系共重合体S-21を得た。60℃での減圧乾燥を5時間行った後、任意の溶媒に再溶解した。得られたフッ素系共重合体を酪酸ブチルに溶解して、バインダー溶液S-21(濃度10質量%)を得た。
フッ素系共重合体S-21において、上記官能基群(a)から選択される官能基を有する構成成分の含有量は、エステル結合及びカルボキシ基が0.3モル%である。
フッ素系共重合体S-22を合成して、このフッ素系共重合体からなるバインダー溶液S-22(濃度10質量%)を調製した。
具体的には、還流冷却管、ガス導入コックを付した300mL三口フラスコに、N-メチルピロリドン90質量部と、上記ポリマー前駆体(S-19)10質量部とを加え溶解させた。その後、流速200mL/minにて窒素ガスを10分間導入した後に75℃に昇温し、1H,1H,2H,2H-パーフルオロデカンチオール25質量部、アゾビスイソブチロニトリル(富士フイルム和光純薬社製)1質量部を加え、5時間攪拌を継続した。その後、ヘキサンに滴下し、沈殿物としてフッ素系共重合体S-22を得た。60℃での減圧乾燥を5時間行った後、任意の溶媒に再溶解した。得られたフッ素系共重合体を酪酸ブチルに溶解して、バインダー溶液S-22(濃度10質量%)を得た。
フッ素系共重合体S-23を合成して、このフッ素系共重合体からなるバインダー溶液S-23(濃度10質量%)を調製した。
具体的には、還流冷却管、ガス導入コックを付した300mL三口フラスコに、N-メチルピロリドン90質量部と、合成例20で合成したフッ素系共重合体S-17を10質量部とを加え溶解させた。その後、ラウリルアクリレート(富士フイルム和光純薬社製)32.5質量部、1H,1H,2H,2H-トリデカフルオロ-n-オクチルメタクリレート(東京化成社製)17.5質量部、塩化銅(富士フイルム和光純薬社製)0.1質量部と、4,4’-ジメチル-2,2’-ビピリジル0.6質量部とを加え、窒素ガスを10分間バブリングした後に、流速50mL/minにて窒素ガスを導入し、100℃に昇温し、10時間攪拌を継続した。その後、ヘキサンに滴下し、沈殿物としてフッ素系共重合体S-23を得た。60℃での減圧乾燥を5時間行った後、任意の溶媒に再溶解した。得られたフッ素系共重合体を酪酸ブチルに溶解して、バインダー溶液S-23(濃度10質量%)を得た
フッ素系共重合体S-24合成して、このフッ素系共重合体からなるバインダー溶液S-24(濃度10質量%)を調製した。
具体的には、還流冷却管を付した500mL三口フラスコに、テトラヒドロフラン180質量部、合成例20で合成したフッ素系共重合体S-17を20質量部加え、更に水酸化リチウム0.12g、メタノール40g加え、60℃で6時間撹拌した。その後、水に滴下し、沈殿物をろ過し、真空乾燥することでポリマー前駆体A(S-24)を得た。
次に、還流冷却管、ガス導入コックを付した300mL三口フラスコに、N-メチルピロリドン135質量部と、上記ポリマー前駆体A(S-24)15質量部とを加え溶解させた。その後、流速200mL/minにて窒素ガスを10分間導入した後に75℃に昇温し、デカンジチオール18質量部、アゾビスイソブチロニトリル(富士フイルム和光純薬社製)0.9質量部を加え、5時間攪拌を継続した。その後、ヘキサンに滴下し、沈殿物としてポリマー前駆体B(S-24)を得た。
次に、還流冷却管、ガス導入コックを付した300mL三口フラスコに、N-メチルピロリドン90質量部と、上記ポリマー前駆体B(S-24)10質量部とを加え溶解させた。その後、ラウリルアクリレート(富士フイルム和光純薬社製)2質量部、1H,1H,2H,2H-トリデカフルオロ-n-オクチルメタクリレート(東京化成社製)1質量部、アゾビスブチロニトリル(富士フイルム和光純薬社製)0.1質量部を加え、流速200mL/minにて窒素ガスを10分間導入した後に75℃に昇温し、5時間攪拌を継続した。その後、ヘキサンに滴下し、沈殿物としてフッ素系共重合体S-24を得た。60℃での減圧乾燥を5時間行った後、任意の溶媒に再溶解した。得られたフッ素系共重合体を酪酸ブチルに溶解して、バインダー溶液S-24(濃度10質量%)を得た。
表中、構成成分欄中の「-」は該当する構成成分を有していないことを示す。
- 共重合成分 -
共重合成分(その他の構成成分又は官能基を有する構成成分)を導く化合物は上述の官能基を有する重合性化合物番号で示されている。
A-2:メタクリル酸(東京化成社製、SP値18.3)
A-4:無水マレイン酸(東京化成社製、SP値26.3)
A-7:りん酸2-(メタクリロイルオキシ)エチル(SP値26.3)
A-11:メタクリル酸2-ヒドロキシエチル(東京化成社製、SP値24.2)
A-15:メタクリル酸グリシジル(東京化成社製、SP値22.2)
表中、共重合体S-18~S-24における構成成分欄中の「*」は上記に示す各共重合体の化学構造の内、該当する構成成分を示す。例えば、ポリマーS-19において、*はヒドロキシヘキシルチオ基を側鎖に有する構成成分を示す。
なお、表1中の「官能基」欄は、1つの分子鎖(重合鎖)に2種以上の官能基を有する場合、いずれか1つの官能基を記載した(エステル結合等の記載を省略した)。
還流冷却管、ガス導入コックを付した2L三口フラスコに、下記マクロモノマーM-1の40質量%ヘプタン溶液を7.2g、アクリル酸メチル(MA)を12.4g、アクリル酸(AA)を6.7g、ヘプタン(和光純薬工業社製)を207g、アゾイソブチロニトリル1.4gを添加し、流速200mL/minにて窒素ガスを10分間導入した後に、100℃に昇温した。そこへ、別容器にて調製した液(マクロモノマーM-1の40質量%ヘプタン溶液を846g、アクリル酸メチルを222.8g、アクリル酸を75.0g、ヘプタン300.0g、アゾイソブチロニトリル2.1gを混合した液)を4時間かけて滴下した。滴下完了後、アゾイソブチロニトリル0.5gを添加した。その後100℃で2時間攪拌した後、室温まで冷却し、ろ過することでアクリルポリマー(A-1)からなる粒子状バインダー分散液A-1(濃度39.2質量%)を調製した。この分散液中の粒子状バインダーの平均粒子径は180nmであり、無機固体電解質に対する吸着率ASEは86%であった。
12-ヒドロキシステアリン酸(和光純薬工業社製)の自己縮合体(GPCポリスチレンスタンダード数平均分子量:2,000)にグリシジルメタクリレート(東京化成工業社製)を反応させマクロモノマーとしてそれをメタクリル酸メチルとグリシジルメタクリレート(東京化成工業社製)と1:0.99:0.01(モル比)の割合で重合したポリマーにアクリル酸(富士フイルム和光純薬社製)を反応させたマクロモノマーM-1を得た。このマクロモノマーM-1のSP値は9.3、数平均分子量は11,000であった。マクロモノマーのSP値及び数平均分子量は上記方法により算出した値である。
200mL3つ口フラスコに、ポリエチレングリコール(商品名:ポリエチレングリコール200、富士フイルム和光純薬社製)4.46gと、2,2-ビス(ヒドロキシメチル)酪酸(東京化成社製)0.17g、NISSO-PB GI1000(商品名、日本曹達社製)6.69gとを加え、THF(テトラヒドロフラン)74gに溶解した。この溶液に、ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート(富士フイルム和光純薬社製)6.98gを加えて60℃で撹拌し、均一に溶解させた。得られた溶液に、ネオスタンU-600(商品名、日東化成社製)560mgを添加して60℃で5時間攪伴し、ポリウレタン(A-2)の20質量%THF溶液(ポリマー溶液)を得た。
次に、上記で得られたポリマー溶液に対してTHF74gを加えた溶液に、150rpmで撹拌しながら、ヘプタン222gを10分間かけて滴下し、ポリウレタン(A-2)の乳化液を得た。窒素ガスをフローしながらこの乳化液を85℃で120分加熱した。得られた残留物後にヘプタン50gを加えて更に85℃で60分加熱した。この操作を4回繰り返し、THFを除去した。こうして、ポリウレタン(A-2)からなる粒子状バインダーのヘプタン分散液A-2(濃度3.3質量%)を得た。この分散液中の粒子状バインダーの平均粒子径は90nmであり、無機固体電解質に対する吸着率ASEは50%であった。
ポリマーS-A1を合成して、このポリマーの酪酸ブチル溶液S-A1を調製した。
100mLメスフラスコに、スチレン(富士フイルム和光純薬社製)11.9g、アクリル酸ドデシル(東京化成工業社製)17.9g、無水マレイン酸(富士フイルム和光純薬社製)0.187g及び重合開始剤V-601(商品名、富士フイルム和光純薬社製)0.36gを加え、酪酸ブチル36gに溶解してモノマー溶液を調製した。
300mL3つ口フラスコに酪酸ブチル18gを加え80℃で撹拌したところへ、上記モノマー溶液を2時間かけて滴下した。滴下終了後、90℃に昇温して更に2時間撹拌して、ポリマーS-A1(ビニル系ポリマー)を合成し、ポリマーS-A1からなるバインダー溶液S-A1(濃度40質量%)を得た。
ポリマーS-A1のSP値は19.2MPa1/2であり、質量平均分子量は67000であり、このバインダーの無機固体電解質に対する吸着率ASEは0%であった。
SEBS(S-A2)を合成して、このSEBSからなるバインダー溶液S-A2を調製した。
具体的には、オートクレーブにトルエン150質量部、スチレン30質量部、エチレン24質量部、1,3-ブタジエン46質量部を加え、重合開始剤V-601(和光純薬工業株式会社製)を1質量部加え、80℃に昇温し、3時間攪拌した。その後90℃に昇温し、添加転化率が100%になるまで反応を行った。得られた溶液をメタノールに再沈させ、得られた固体を乾燥することで目的の重合体を得た。この重合体の質量平均分子量は83000であった。その後、シクロヘキサン50質量部、THF(テトラヒドロフラン)150質量部に上記で得られた重合体を50質量部溶解させた後、溶液を70℃にし、n-ブチルリチウム3質量部、2,6-ジ-t-ブチル-p-クレゾール3質量部、ビス(シクロペンタジエニル)チタニウムジクロライド1質量部及びジエチルアルミニウムクロライド2質量部を加え、水素圧10kg/cm2で1時間反応させ、留去し、乾燥させることでSEBS(S-A2)を得た。SEBS(S-A2)はランダム共重合体であり、その質量平均分子量は83000であった。
得られたSEBS(S-A2)を、酪酸ブチルに溶解して、濃度10質量%のバインダー溶液S-A2を調製した。
ポリマーS-A2のスチレン量は23.8モル%であり、SP値は17.9MPa1/2であり、このバインダーの無機固体電解質に対する吸着率ASEは0%であった。
上記合成例31において、再沈殿によって得た重合体100質量部に対して、2,6-ジ-t-ブチル-p-クレゾール3質量部、無水マレイン酸0.3質量部を加え、180℃で5時間反応させた。得られた溶液をメタノールに再沈させ、得られた固体を乾燥することで目的の重合体を得た。この重合体の質量平均分子量は89000であった。その後、シクロヘキサン50質量部、THF(テトラヒドロフラン)150質量部に上記で得られた重合体を50質量部溶解させた後、溶液を70℃にし、n-ブチルリチウム3質量部、2,6-ジ-t-ブチル-p-クレゾール3質量部、ビス(シクロペンタジエニル)チタニウムジクロライド1質量部及びジエチルアルミニウムクロライド2質量部を加え、水素圧10kg/cm2で1時間反応させ、留去し、乾燥させることでSEBS(S-A3)を得た。SEBS(S-A3)はランダム共重合体であり、その質量平均分子量は89000であった。
得られたSEBS(S-A3)を酪酸ブチルに溶解して、濃度10質量%のバインダー溶液S-A3を調製した。
ポリマーS-A3のスチレン量は23.8モル%であり、SP値は17.9MPa1/2であり、このバインダーの無機固体電解質に対する吸着率ASEは2%であった。
[合成例A]
硫化物系無機固体電解質は、T.Ohtomo,A.Hayashi,M.Tatsumisago,Y.Tsuchida,S.Hama,K.Kawamoto,Journal of Power Sources,233,(2013),pp231-235、及び、A.Hayashi,S.Hama,H.Morimoto,M.Tatsumisago,T.Minami,Chem.Lett.,(2001),pp872-873の非特許文献を参考にして合成した。
具体的には、アルゴン雰囲気下(露点-70℃)のグローブボックス内で、硫化リチウム(Li2S、Aldrich社製、純度>99.98%)2.42g及び五硫化二リン(P2S5、Aldrich社製、純度>99%)3.90gをそれぞれ秤量し、メノウ製乳鉢に投入し、メノウ製乳棒を用いて、5分間混合した。Li2S及びP2S5の混合比は、モル比でLi2S:P2S5=75:25とした。
次いで、ジルコニア製45mL容器(フリッチュ社製)に、直径5mmのジルコニアビーズを66g投入し、上記の硫化リチウムと五硫化二リンの混合物全量を投入し、アルゴン雰囲気下で容器を完全に密閉した。フリッチュ社製遊星ボールミルP-7(商品名、フリッチュ社製)に容器をセットし、温度25℃で、回転数510rpmで20時間メカニカルミリングを行うことで、黄色粉体の硫化物系無機固体電解質(Li-P-S系ガラス、以下、LPSと表記することがある。)6.20gを得た。Li-P-S系ガラスの粒子径は15μmであった。
<無機固体電解質含有組成物の調製>
ジルコニア製45mL容器(フリッチュ社製)に、直径5mmのジルコニアビーズを60g投入し、上記合成例Aで合成したLPS2.8g、表2-2に示す含有量を満たす含フッ素バインダー溶液0.08g又は0.04g(固形分質量)、含フッ素バインダー溶液を0.04g用いる場合は更に表2-2に示す粒子状バインダー分散液0.04g(固形分質量)、及び酪酸ブチルの組成物中の含有量が50質量%となるように酪酸ブチルを分散媒として投入した。その後に、この容器をフリッチュ社製遊星ボールミルP-7(商品名)にセットした。温度25℃、回転数150rpmで10分間混合して、無機固体電解質含有組成物(スラリー)SE-1~SE-4をそれぞれ調製した。
ジルコニア製45mL容器(フリッチュ社製)に、直径5mmのジルコニアビーズを60g投入し、合成例Aで合成したLPSを2.8g、及び、分散媒として表2-1に示す分散媒を組成物中の含有量が50質量%となるように投入した。フリッチュ社製遊星ボールミルP-7(商品名)にこの容器をセットし、25℃で、回転数200pmで30分間攪拌した。その後、この容器に、正極活物質としてNMC(アルドリッチ社製)を13.2g、導電助剤としてアセチレンブラック(AB)を0.32g、表2-1に示す含フッ素バインダー溶液0.16g又は0.08g(固形分質量)、含フッ素バインダー溶液を0.08g用いる場合は更に表2-1に示す粒子状バインダー分散液又は連鎖重合ポリマーバインダー溶液0.08g(固形分質量)投入し、遊星ボールミルP-7に容器をセットし、温度25℃、回転数200rpmで30分間混合を続け、正極用組成物(スラリー)P-1~P-24をそれぞれ調製した。
正極用組成物P-24において、ポリマーS-26からなるポリマーバインダーの平均粒径は890nmであった。
ジルコニア製45mL容器(フリッチュ社製)に、直径5mmのジルコニアビーズを60g投入し、合成例Aで合成したLPSを2.8g、表2-2に示す含フッ素バインダー溶液0.067g又は0.034g(固形分質量)、含フッ素バインダー溶液を0.034g用いる場合は更に表2-2に示す粒子状バインダー分散液0.034g(固形分質量)、及び表2-2に示す分散媒を組成物中の含有量が50質量%となるように投入した。フリッチュ社製遊星ボールミルP-7(商品名)にこの容器をセットし、温度25℃、回転数300pmで60分間混合した。その後、負極活物質としてケイ素(Si、Aldrich社製)3.53g、導電助剤としてVGCF(昭和電工社製)0.27gを投入し、同様に、遊星ボールミルP-7に容器をセットして、温度25℃、回転数100rpmで10分間混合して、負極用組成物(スラリー)N-1~N-17をそれぞれ調製した。
表2において、分散媒の含有量は組成物全体中における含有量を示し、その他の成分(固体粒子)の含有量は組成物中の固形分100質量%における含有量を示す。単位はいずれも質量%であるが、表2においては記載を省略する。
なお、表2には含フッ素バインダーを形成するフッ素系共重合体及び分散媒のSP値を示す。SP値及びSP値の差(絶対値)の単位はMPa1/2であるが、表2においては記載を省略する。
表2に示す各無機固体電解質含有組成物の調製に用いた、無機固体電解質、ポリマーバインダー及び分散媒を用いて、吸着率ASEを測定した。
すなわち、ポリマーバインダーを分散媒に溶解させて濃度1質量%のバインダー溶液を調製した。このバインダー溶液中のポリマーバインダーと無機固体電解質との質量比が42:1となる割合で、バインダー溶液と無機固体電解質とを15mLのバイアル瓶に入れ、ミックスローターにより、室温下、回転数80rpmで1時間撹拌した後に静置した。
固液分離して得た上澄液を孔径1μmのフィルターでろ過し、得られたろ液全量を乾固して、ろ液中に溶解しているポリマーバインダーの質量(無機固体電解質に吸着しなかったポリマーバインダーの質量)WAを測定した。この質量WAと、測定に用いたバインダー溶液中に含まれるポリマーバインダーの質量WBから下記式により、ポリマーバインダーの無機固体電解質に対する吸着率を算出した。
ポリマーバインダーの吸着率ASEは、上記測定を2回行って得られた吸着率の平均値とする。
吸着率(%)=[(WB-WA)/WB]×100
なお、成膜した固体電解質層から取り出した無機固体電解質及びポリマーバインダー、無機固体電解質含有組成物の調製に使用した分散媒を用いて、吸着率ASEを測定したところ同様の値が得られた。
表2に示す各電極用組成物の調製に用いた、活物質、ポリマーバインダー及び分散媒を用いて、吸着率AAMを測定した。
上記「吸着率ASEの測定」において、無機固体電解質に代えて活物質を用いたこと以外は上記「吸着率ASEの測定」と同様にして、吸着率AAMを測定した。
なお、成膜した活物質層から取り出した活物質及びポリマーバインダー、電極組成物の調製に使用した分散媒を用いて、吸着率AAMを測定したところ同様の値が得られた。
含有量は、いずれも、組成物の固形分中の質量割合(質量%)である。
LPS:合成例Aで合成したLPS
NMC:LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2
Si:ケイ素
Gr:黒鉛(CGB20、日本黒鉛社製、平均粒子径20μm)
AB:アセチレンブラック
VGCF:カーボンナノチューブ(昭和電工社製)
SE層用:固体電解質層用組成物
上記で得られた各無機固体電解質含有組成物SE-1~SE-4を厚み20μmのアルミニウム箔上に、ベーカー式アプリケーター(商品名:SA-201、テスター産業社製)を用いて塗布し、80℃で2時間加熱して、無機固体電解質含有組成物を乾燥(分散媒を除去)させた。その後、ヒートプレス機を用いて、120℃の温度及び40MPaの圧力で10秒間、乾燥させた無機固体電解質含有組成物を加熱及び加圧して、全固体二次電池用固体電解質シートSE-1~SE-4をそれぞれ作製した。固体電解質層の膜厚は50μmであった。
上記で得られた各正極用組成物P-1~P-24を厚み20μmのアルミニウム箔上にベーカー式アプリケーター(商品名:SA-201)を用いて塗布し、80℃で1時間加熱し、更に110℃で1時間加熱して、正極用組成物を乾燥(分散媒を除去)した。その後、ヒートプレス機を用いて、乾燥させた正極用組成物を25℃で加圧(10MPa、1分)して、膜厚100μmの正極活物質層を有する全固体二次電池用正極シートP-1~P-24をそれぞれ作製した。
上記で得られた各負極用組成物N-1~N-17それぞれを、厚み20μmの銅箔上に、ベーカー式アプリケーター(商品名:SA-201)を用いて塗布し、80℃で1時間加熱し、更に110℃で1時間加熱して、負極用組成物を乾燥(分散媒を除去)させた。その後、ヒートプレス機を用いて、乾燥させた負極用組成物を25℃で加圧(10MPa、1分)して、膜厚70μmの負極活物質層を有する全固体二次電池用負極シートN-1~N-17をそれぞれ作製した。
調製した各組成物を直径10mm、高さ4cmのガラス試験管に高さ4cmまで投入し、25℃で24時間静置した。静置前後のスラリーの上部30%(高さ)分の固形分減少率を下記式から算出した。この固形分減少率が下記評価基準のいずれに含まれるかにより、組成物の分散安定性として無機固体電解質及び活物質の沈降のしやすさ(沈降性)を評価した。本試験において、上記固形分減少率が小さいほど、分散安定性に優れることを示し、評価基準「F」以上が合格レベルである。結果を表3に示す。
固形分減少率(%)=[(静置前の上部30%の固形分濃度―静置後の上部30%の固形分濃度)/静置前の上部30%の固形分濃度]×100
- 評価基準 -
A: 固形分減少率< 1%
B: 1%≦固形分減少率<10%
C: 10%≦固形分減少率<20%
D: 20%≦固形分減少率<30%
E: 30%≦固形分減少率<40%
F: 40%≦固形分減少率<50%
G: 50%≦固形分減少率
調製した各組成物と同様にして、分散媒以外は同一の混合割合とし、分散媒の量を減らして、固形分濃度75質量%のスラリーを調製した。2mLポリスポイト(アテクト社製)を先端10mmがスラリー界面下に入るように垂直に配置し、25℃でスラリーを10秒間吸引し、吸引したスラリーを含むポリスポイトの質量Wを測定した。ポリスポイトの風袋(自重)をW0としたとき、スラリー質量W-W0が0.1g未満であることをスポイトで吸うことができないと判断した。スラリーをスポイトで吸うことができない場合、分散媒を徐々に足しながらスポイトで吸うことができる上限固形分濃度を把握した。得られた上限固形分濃度が下記評価基準のいずれに含まれるかにより、組成物のハンドリング性(平坦な、表面性の良い構成層を形成するのに適度な粘度を有しているか)を評価した。固形分濃度は、調製したスラリー0.30gをアルミニウム製カップ上に乗せ、120℃で2時間加熱させて分散媒を留去して算出した。
本試験において、上記上限固形分量が多いほど、ハンドリング性に優れることを示し、評価基準「F」以上が合格レベルである。結果を表3に示す。
- 評価基準 -
A: 上限固形分濃度≧70質量%
B:70質量%>上限固形分濃度≧60質量%
C:60質量%>上限固形分濃度≧50質量%
D:50質量%>上限固形分濃度≧40質量%
E:40質量%>上限固形分濃度≧30質量%
F:30質量%>上限固形分濃度≧20質量%
G:20質量%>上限固形分濃度
作製した全固体二次電池用負極シート又は全固体二次電池用正極シートを直径10mmの円盤状に打ち抜いた円盤状試験片を、15mLのバイアル瓶(内径20mm)の底面に活物質層が上側となるように円盤状試験片を固定せずに配置して、封入した。このバイアル瓶を試験管ミキサー(商品名:デルタミキサーSe-40、タイテック社)に固定して、振幅5mmで30秒間(合計振動数1400回)にわたって振動を与えた。
この振動試験後にバイアル瓶から取り出した円盤状試験片について、集電体から剥離した活物質層(欠けた活物質層)の剥離割合を下記式から算出した。得られた剥離割合が、下記評価基準のいずれに含まれるかにより、集電体密着性を評価した。本試験において、上記剥離割合が小さいほど、集電体と活物質との密着性が高くなって集電体密着性に優れることを示し、評価基準「F」以上が合格レベルである。結果を表3に示す。
剥離割合(%)=[剥離した活物質層の合計面積(投影面積)/振動試験前の面積]×100
- 評価基準 -
A: 0%=剥離割合
B: 0%<剥離割合<10%
C:10%≦剥離割合<30%
D:30%≦剥離割合<50%
E:50%≦剥離割合<70%
F:70%≦剥離割合<90%
G:90%≦剥離割合
<全固体二次電池用正極シート(No.P-1~P-24)評価用電池の製造>
作製した各全固体二次電池用正極シートを直径10mmの円盤状に打ち抜き、内径10mmのPET製の円筒に入れた。円筒内の正極活物質層側に合成例Aで合成したLPSを30mg入れ、円筒の両端開口から直径10mmのSUS棒を挿入した。全固体二次電池用正極シートの集電体側と、LPSをSUS棒により、350MPaの圧力を加えて加圧した。LPS側のSUS棒を一旦外し、直径9mmの円盤状のInシート(厚さ20μm)と、直径9mmの円盤状のLiシート(厚さ20μm)を、この順で円筒内のLPSの上に挿入した。外していたSUS棒を円筒内に再度挿入し、50MPaの圧力をかけた状態で固定した。このようにして、アルミニウム箔(厚さ20μm)-正極活物質層(厚さ80μm)-固体電解質層(厚さ200μm)-負極活物質(対極)層(In/Liシート、厚さ30μm)の構成を有する全固体二次電池(ハーフセル)No.C-1~C-23及びC-45を得た。
作製した各全固体二次電池用負極シートを直径10mmの円盤状に打ち抜き、内径10mmのポリエチレンテレフタラート(PET)製の円筒に入れた。円筒内の負極活物質層側に合成例Aで合成したLPSを30mg入れ、円筒の両端開口から直径10mmのステンレス鋼(SUS)棒を挿入した。全固体二次電池用負極シートの集電体側と、LPSをSUS棒により、350MPaの圧力を加えて加圧した。LPS側のSUS棒を一旦外し、直径9mmの円盤状のインジウム(In)シート(厚さ20μm)と、直径9mmの円盤状のリチウム(Li)シート(厚さ20μm)を、この順で円筒内のLPSの上に挿入した。外していたSUS棒を円筒内に再度挿入し、50MPaの圧力をかけた状態で固定した。このようにして、銅箔(厚さ20μm)-負極活物質層(厚さ60μm)-固体電解質層(厚さ200μm)-正極活物質(対極)層(In/Liシート、厚さ30μm)の構成を有する全固体二次電池(ハーフセル)No.C-24~C-27及びC-32~C-44を得た。
全固体二次電池用正極シートP-4又はP-14を直径10mmの円盤状に打ち抜き、内径10mmのPET製の円筒に入れた。円筒内の正極活物質層側に表4に示す全固体二次電池用固体電解質シートを直径10mmの円盤状に打ち抜いて円筒内に入れ、円筒の両端開口から10mmのSUS棒を挿入した。全固体二次電池用正極シートの集電体側と、全固体二次電池用固体電解質シートのアルミニウム箔側とをSUS棒により、350MPaの圧力を加えて加圧した。全固体二次電池用固体電解質シート側のSUS棒を一旦外して全固体二次電池用固体電解質シートのアルミニウム箔を静かに剥離し、その後、直径9mmの円盤状のInシート(厚さ20μm)と、直径9mmの円盤状のLiシート(厚さ20μm)を、この順で円筒内の全固体二次電池用固体電解質シートの固体電解質層上に挿入した。外していたSUS棒を円筒内に再度挿入し、50MPaの圧力をかけた状態で固定した。このようにして、アルミニウム箔(厚さ20μm)-正極活物質層(厚さ80μm)-固体電解質層(厚さ45μm)-負極活物質(対極)層(In/Liシート、厚さ30μm)の構成を有する全固体二次電池(ハーフセル)No.C-28~C-31を得た。
製造した各全固体二次電池について、放電容量維持率を充放電評価装置TOSCAT-3000(商品名、東洋システム社製)により測定した。
具体的には、各全固体二次電池を、それぞれ、25℃の環境下で、電流密度0.1mA/cm2で電池電圧が3.6Vに達するまで充電した。その後、電流密度0.1mA/cm2で電池電圧が2.5Vに達するまで放電した。この充電1回と放電1回とを充放電1サイクルとして、同じ条件で充放電を3サイクル繰り返して、初期化した。その後、上記充放電サイクルを繰り返して行い、充放電サイクルを行う毎に各全固体二次電池の放電容量を、充放電評価装置:TOSCAT-3000(商品名)により、測定した。
初期化後の充放電1サイクル目の放電容量(初期放電容量)を100%としたときに、放電容量維持率(初期放電容量に対する放電容量)が80%に達した際の充放電サイクル数が、下記評価基準のいずれに含まれるかにより、電池性能(サイクル特性)を評価した。本試験において、評価基準が高いほど、電池性能(サイクル特性)に優れ、充放電を複数回繰り返しても(長期の使用においても)初期の電池性能を維持できる。
なお、本発明の全固体二次電池の初期放電容量は、いずれも、全固体二次電池として機能するのに十分な値を示した。
- 評価基準 -
A:500サイクル以上
B:300サイクル以上、500サイクル未満
C:200サイクル以上、300サイクル未満
D:150サイクル以上、200サイクル未満
E: 80サイクル以上、150サイクル未満
F: 40サイクル以上、80サイクル未満
G: 40サイクル未満
特定のフッ素系共重合体で形成した、特定の吸着率を満たす含フッ素バインダーと分散媒とを併用しない比較例の無機固体電解質含有組成物は、いずれも、分散安定性及びハンドリング性が劣るものであった。また、この組成物で形成した構成層を有する電極シートは集電体密着性に劣るものもあり、全固体二次電池のサイクル特性は十分ではなかった。
これに対して、特定のフッ素系共重合体で形成した、特定の吸着率を満たす含フッ素バインダーと分散媒と無機固体電解質とを併用する本発明の無機固体電解質含有組成物は、分散安定性及びハンドリング性を高い水準で兼ね備えている。この無機固体電解質含有組成物を全固体二次電池の構成層の形成に用いることにより、得られる電極シートに対して集電体密着性を強固なものとすることができ、かつ得られる全固体二次電池についてサイクル特性の向上を実現できることが分かる。
2 負極活物質層
3 固体電解質層
4 正極活物質層
5 正極集電体
6 作動部位
10 全固体二次電池
Claims (18)
- 周期律表第1族若しくは第2族に属する金属のイオンの伝導性を有する無機固体電解質と、ポリマーバインダーと、分散媒とを含有する無機固体電解質含有組成物であって、
前記ポリマーバインダーが、フッ化ビニリデン構成成分と21~65モル%のヘキサフルオロプロピレン構成成分とを含み、かつ引張破壊ひずみが500%以上であるフッ素系共重合体からなるポリマーバインダーを含み、
前記分散媒中における、前記フッ素系共重合体からなるポリマーバインダーの前記無機固体電解質に対する吸着率が60%未満である、無機固体電解質含有組成物。 - 前記フッ素系共重合体からなるポリマーバインダーが前記分散媒に溶解している、請求項1に記載の無機固体電解質含有組成物。
- 前記ヘキサフルオロプロピレン構成成分の、フッ素系共重合体中の含有量が30~50モル%である、請求項1又は2に記載の無機固体電解質含有組成物。
- 前記引張破壊ひずみが700%以上である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の無機固体電解質含有組成物。
- 前記フッ素系共重合体からなるポリマーバインダーの、アルミニウム箔に対する剥離強度が0.1N/mm以上である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の無機固体電解質含有組成物。
- 前記フッ素系共重合体の質量平均分子量が50000~1500000である、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の無機固体電解質含有組成物。
- 前記フッ素系共重合体が、下記官能基群(a)から選択される官能基を有する構成成分を含む、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の無機固体電解質含有組成物。
<官能基群(a)>
ヒドロキシ基、アミノ基、カルボキシ基、スルホ基、リン酸基、ホスホン酸基、スルファニル基、エーテル結合、イミノ基、エステル結合、アミド結合、ウレタン結合、ウレア結合、ヘテロ環基、アリール基、無水カルボン酸基、イソシアナート基、アルコキシシリル基、フルオロアルキル基、シロキサン基 - 前記フッ素系共重合体中の、前記官能基群(a)から選択される官能基を有する構成成分の含有量が0.01~10モル%である、請求項7に記載の無機固体電解質含有組成物。
- 前記ポリマーバインダーが、平均粒子径が1~1000nmの粒子状バインダーを含有する、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の無機固体電解質含有組成物。
- 前記ポリマーバインダーが、炭化水素系ポリマーからなるバインダー、(メタ)アクリル系ポリマーからなるバインダー又はビニル系ポリマーからなるポリマーバインダーを含有する、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の無機固体電解質含有組成物。
- 活物質を含有する、請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の無機固体電解質含有組成物。
- 前記活物質に対する、前記フッ素系共重合体からなるポリマーバインダーの吸着率が90%以下である、請求項11に記載の無機固体電解質含有組成物。
- 導電助剤を含有する、請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の無機固体電解質含有組成物。
- 前記無機固体電解質が硫化物系無機固体電解質である、請求項1~13のいずれか1項に記載の無機固体電解質含有組成物。
- 請求項1~14のいずれか1項に記載の無機固体電解質含有組成物で構成した層を有する全固体二次電池用シート。
- 正極活物質層と固体電解質層と負極活物質層とをこの順で具備する全固体二次電池であって、
前記正極活物質層、前記固体電解質層及び前記負極活物質層の少なくとも1つの層が、請求項1~14のいずれか1項に記載の無機固体電解質含有組成物で構成した層である、全固体二次電池。 - 請求項1~14のいずれか1項に記載の無機固体電解質含有組成物を製膜する、全固体二次電池用シートの製造方法。
- 請求項17に記載の製造方法を経て全固体二次電池を製造する、全固体二次電池の製造方法。
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020227006704A KR20220041889A (ko) | 2019-08-30 | 2020-08-28 | 무기 고체 전해질 함유 조성물, 전고체 이차 전지용 시트 및 전고체 이차 전지 및, 전고체 이차 전지용 시트 및 전고체 이차 전지의 제조 방법 |
EP20856030.0A EP4024501A4 (en) | 2019-08-30 | 2020-08-28 | INORGANIC SOLID COMPOSITION CONTAINING ELECTROLYTES, SOLID STATE SECONDARY BATTERY FOIL, SOLID STATE SECONDARY BATTERY AND METHOD OF MAKING A SOLID STATE SECONDARY BATTERY AND SOLID STATE SECONDARY BATTERY FOIL |
CN202080060567.1A CN114303271A (zh) | 2019-08-30 | 2020-08-28 | 含有无机固体电解质的组合物、全固态二次电池用片材及全固态二次电池、以及全固态二次电池用片材及全固态二次电池的制造方法 |
JP2021543029A JP7263525B2 (ja) | 2019-08-30 | 2020-08-28 | 無機固体電解質含有組成物、全固体二次電池用シート及び全固体二次電池並びに、全固体二次電池用シート及び全固体二次電池の製造方法 |
US17/679,048 US20220181681A1 (en) | 2019-08-30 | 2022-02-23 | Inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition, sheet for all-solid state secondary battery, and all-solid state secondary battery, and manufacturing methods for sheet for all-solid state secondary battery and all-solid state secondary battery |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2019157944 | 2019-08-30 | ||
JP2019-157944 | 2019-08-30 | ||
JP2019193350 | 2019-10-24 | ||
JP2019-193350 | 2019-10-24 | ||
JP2020088767 | 2020-05-21 | ||
JP2020-088767 | 2020-05-21 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US17/679,048 Continuation US20220181681A1 (en) | 2019-08-30 | 2022-02-23 | Inorganic solid electrolyte-containing composition, sheet for all-solid state secondary battery, and all-solid state secondary battery, and manufacturing methods for sheet for all-solid state secondary battery and all-solid state secondary battery |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2021039950A1 true WO2021039950A1 (ja) | 2021-03-04 |
Family
ID=74685125
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2020/032527 WO2021039950A1 (ja) | 2019-08-30 | 2020-08-28 | 無機固体電解質含有組成物、全固体二次電池用シート及び全固体二次電池並びに、全固体二次電池用シート及び全固体二次電池の製造方法 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20220181681A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP4024501A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP7263525B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20220041889A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN114303271A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2021039950A1 (ja) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPWO2021125150A1 (ja) * | 2019-12-18 | 2021-06-24 | ||
WO2023058543A1 (ja) * | 2021-10-05 | 2023-04-13 | 株式会社クレハ | フッ化ビニリデン重合体溶液 |
WO2024033089A1 (en) | 2022-08-10 | 2024-02-15 | Solvay Specialty Polymers Italy S.P.A. | Solid composite electrolyte |
WO2024033090A1 (en) | 2022-08-10 | 2024-02-15 | Solvay Specialty Polymers Italy S.P.A. | Binder solution for a secondary battery |
WO2024033092A1 (en) | 2022-08-10 | 2024-02-15 | Solvay Specialty Polymers Italy S.P.A. | Solid composite electrolyte |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20220042169A (ko) * | 2019-08-30 | 2022-04-04 | 후지필름 가부시키가이샤 | 무기 고체 전해질 함유 조성물, 전고체 이차 전지용 시트 및 전고체 이차 전지 및, 전고체 이차 전지용 시트 및 전고체 이차 전지의 제조 방법 |
CN116544356B (zh) * | 2023-06-19 | 2024-09-27 | 中创新航科技集团股份有限公司 | 一种固态电池 |
Citations (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6222066A (ja) | 1985-07-23 | 1987-01-30 | Wako Pure Chem Ind Ltd | ラテツクス凝集反応測定装置 |
JPH026856A (ja) | 1988-06-27 | 1990-01-11 | Motonobu Shibata | 触媒担体およびその製造方法 |
JPH0345473A (ja) | 1989-07-11 | 1991-02-27 | Toyoda Mach Works Ltd | 四輪操舵装置 |
JPH0590844A (ja) | 1991-09-26 | 1993-04-09 | Toshiba Corp | 歪補償器 |
JPH064516A (ja) | 1992-06-17 | 1994-01-14 | Toshiba Corp | 割当て決定支援方式 |
JP2009277562A (ja) * | 2008-05-16 | 2009-11-26 | Nec Tokin Corp | 非水電解液二次電池およびその製造方法 |
WO2010029676A1 (ja) * | 2008-09-09 | 2010-03-18 | パナソニック株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池及びその製造方法 |
JP2011065841A (ja) * | 2009-09-16 | 2011-03-31 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 非水電解質二次電池およびこの製造方法 |
JP2014078400A (ja) | 2012-10-10 | 2014-05-01 | Toyota Motor Corp | 硫化物系固体電池用負極用スラリー、硫化物系固体電池用負極及びその製造方法、並びに、硫化物系固体電池及びその製造方法 |
JP2015076350A (ja) * | 2013-10-11 | 2015-04-20 | ソニー株式会社 | 二次電池、電池パック、電動車両、電力貯蔵システム、電動工具および電子機器 |
JP2015088486A (ja) | 2013-09-25 | 2015-05-07 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 固体電解質組成物、これを用いた電池用電極シートおよび全固体二次電池 |
WO2018020827A1 (ja) | 2016-07-26 | 2018-02-01 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 固体電解質組成物、固体電解質含有シートおよび全固体二次電池、固体電解質含有シートおよび全固体二次電池の製造方法、ならびに、セグメント化ポリマー、ポリマーおよびセグメント化ポリマーの非水溶媒分散物 |
WO2018230336A1 (ja) * | 2017-06-12 | 2018-12-20 | Nok株式会社 | フッ素ゴム組成物およびフッ素ゴムシール材 |
JP2019157944A (ja) | 2018-03-09 | 2019-09-19 | 功 小山 | 伸縮ボルト |
JP2019193350A (ja) | 2018-04-19 | 2019-10-31 | 株式会社ミツバ | モータ、ブラシレスワイパーモータ、及びモータの駆動方法 |
JP2020088767A (ja) | 2018-11-30 | 2020-06-04 | カシオ計算機株式会社 | 送信装置、送信方法及びプログラム |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2012227107A (ja) * | 2011-04-05 | 2012-11-15 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 非水電解質電池用電極体及び非水電解質電池 |
WO2016013224A1 (ja) * | 2014-07-23 | 2016-01-28 | 出光興産株式会社 | 固体電解質組成物、その製造方法、固体電解質含有層の製造方法、電解質層及び電池 |
JP6318100B2 (ja) * | 2015-01-27 | 2018-04-25 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 全固体二次電池、これに用いる固体電解質組成物および電池用電極シートならびに電池用電極シートおよび全固体二次電池の製造方法 |
KR102224536B1 (ko) * | 2015-12-11 | 2021-03-05 | 후지필름 가부시키가이샤 | 고체 전해질 조성물, 바인더 입자, 전고체 이차 전지용 시트, 전고체 이차 전지용 전극 시트 및 전고체 이차 전지와, 이들의 제조 방법 |
WO2018151119A1 (ja) * | 2017-02-16 | 2018-08-23 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 固体電解質組成物、固体電解質含有シートおよび全固体二次電池、ならびに固体電解質含有シートおよび全固体二次電池の製造方法 |
JP6860681B2 (ja) * | 2017-09-13 | 2021-04-21 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 全固体二次電池、全固体二次電池用外装材及び全固体二次電池の製造方法 |
JP7003698B2 (ja) * | 2018-01-31 | 2022-01-21 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 光トランシーバおよびその制御方法 |
WO2021014852A1 (ja) * | 2019-07-19 | 2021-01-28 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 無機固体電解質含有組成物、全固体二次電池用シート、全固体二次電池用電極シート及び全固体二次電池、並びに、全固体二次電池用シート及び全固体二次電池の製造方法 |
-
2020
- 2020-08-28 JP JP2021543029A patent/JP7263525B2/ja active Active
- 2020-08-28 KR KR1020227006704A patent/KR20220041889A/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2020-08-28 CN CN202080060567.1A patent/CN114303271A/zh active Pending
- 2020-08-28 EP EP20856030.0A patent/EP4024501A4/en active Pending
- 2020-08-28 WO PCT/JP2020/032527 patent/WO2021039950A1/ja unknown
-
2022
- 2022-02-23 US US17/679,048 patent/US20220181681A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6222066A (ja) | 1985-07-23 | 1987-01-30 | Wako Pure Chem Ind Ltd | ラテツクス凝集反応測定装置 |
JPH026856A (ja) | 1988-06-27 | 1990-01-11 | Motonobu Shibata | 触媒担体およびその製造方法 |
JPH0345473A (ja) | 1989-07-11 | 1991-02-27 | Toyoda Mach Works Ltd | 四輪操舵装置 |
JPH0590844A (ja) | 1991-09-26 | 1993-04-09 | Toshiba Corp | 歪補償器 |
JPH064516A (ja) | 1992-06-17 | 1994-01-14 | Toshiba Corp | 割当て決定支援方式 |
JP2009277562A (ja) * | 2008-05-16 | 2009-11-26 | Nec Tokin Corp | 非水電解液二次電池およびその製造方法 |
WO2010029676A1 (ja) * | 2008-09-09 | 2010-03-18 | パナソニック株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池及びその製造方法 |
JP2011065841A (ja) * | 2009-09-16 | 2011-03-31 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 非水電解質二次電池およびこの製造方法 |
JP2014078400A (ja) | 2012-10-10 | 2014-05-01 | Toyota Motor Corp | 硫化物系固体電池用負極用スラリー、硫化物系固体電池用負極及びその製造方法、並びに、硫化物系固体電池及びその製造方法 |
JP2015088486A (ja) | 2013-09-25 | 2015-05-07 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 固体電解質組成物、これを用いた電池用電極シートおよび全固体二次電池 |
JP2015076350A (ja) * | 2013-10-11 | 2015-04-20 | ソニー株式会社 | 二次電池、電池パック、電動車両、電力貯蔵システム、電動工具および電子機器 |
WO2018020827A1 (ja) | 2016-07-26 | 2018-02-01 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 固体電解質組成物、固体電解質含有シートおよび全固体二次電池、固体電解質含有シートおよび全固体二次電池の製造方法、ならびに、セグメント化ポリマー、ポリマーおよびセグメント化ポリマーの非水溶媒分散物 |
WO2018230336A1 (ja) * | 2017-06-12 | 2018-12-20 | Nok株式会社 | フッ素ゴム組成物およびフッ素ゴムシール材 |
JP2019157944A (ja) | 2018-03-09 | 2019-09-19 | 功 小山 | 伸縮ボルト |
JP2019193350A (ja) | 2018-04-19 | 2019-10-31 | 株式会社ミツバ | モータ、ブラシレスワイパーモータ、及びモータの駆動方法 |
JP2020088767A (ja) | 2018-11-30 | 2020-06-04 | カシオ計算機株式会社 | 送信装置、送信方法及びプログラム |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
A. HAYASHIS. HAMAH. MORIMOTOM. TATSUMISAGOT. MINAMI, CHEM. LETT., 2001, pages 872 - 873 |
H. L. HOY, JOURNAL OF PAINT TECHNOLOGY, vol. 42, no. 541, 1970, pages 76 - 118 |
T. OHTOMOA. HAYASHIM. TATSUMISAGOY. TSUCHIDAS. HAMAK. KAWAMOTO, JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES, vol. 233, 2013, pages 231 - 235 |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPWO2021125150A1 (ja) * | 2019-12-18 | 2021-06-24 | ||
JP7288216B2 (ja) | 2019-12-18 | 2023-06-07 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 固体二次電池用スラリー、固体二次電池用層形成方法及び固体二次電池 |
WO2023058543A1 (ja) * | 2021-10-05 | 2023-04-13 | 株式会社クレハ | フッ化ビニリデン重合体溶液 |
WO2024033089A1 (en) | 2022-08-10 | 2024-02-15 | Solvay Specialty Polymers Italy S.P.A. | Solid composite electrolyte |
WO2024033090A1 (en) | 2022-08-10 | 2024-02-15 | Solvay Specialty Polymers Italy S.P.A. | Binder solution for a secondary battery |
WO2024033092A1 (en) | 2022-08-10 | 2024-02-15 | Solvay Specialty Polymers Italy S.P.A. | Solid composite electrolyte |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPWO2021039950A1 (ja) | 2021-03-04 |
CN114303271A (zh) | 2022-04-08 |
US20220181681A1 (en) | 2022-06-09 |
EP4024501A4 (en) | 2023-02-22 |
JP7263525B2 (ja) | 2023-04-24 |
EP4024501A1 (en) | 2022-07-06 |
KR20220041889A (ko) | 2022-04-01 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO2021039950A1 (ja) | 無機固体電解質含有組成物、全固体二次電池用シート及び全固体二次電池並びに、全固体二次電池用シート及び全固体二次電池の製造方法 | |
JP7372340B2 (ja) | 無機固体電解質含有組成物、全固体二次電池用シート及び全固体二次電池、並びに、全固体二次電池用シート及び全固体二次電池の製造方法 | |
WO2021066060A1 (ja) | 無機固体電解質含有組成物、全固体二次電池用シート及び全固体二次電池、並びに、無機固体電解質含有組成物、全固体二次電池用シート及び全固体二次電池の製造方法 | |
WO2021039948A1 (ja) | 電極用組成物の製造方法、全固体二次電池用電極シートの製造方法及び全固体二次電池の製造方法 | |
WO2021039468A1 (ja) | 無機固体電解質含有組成物、全固体二次電池用シート及び全固体二次電池並びに、全固体二次電池用シート及び全固体二次電池の製造方法 | |
WO2021157278A1 (ja) | 無機固体電解質含有組成物、全固体二次電池用シート及び全固体二次電池並びに、全固体二次電池用シート及び全固体二次電池の製造方法 | |
WO2021014852A1 (ja) | 無機固体電解質含有組成物、全固体二次電池用シート、全固体二次電池用電極シート及び全固体二次電池、並びに、全固体二次電池用シート及び全固体二次電池の製造方法 | |
JP7554316B2 (ja) | 全固体二次電池及び全固体二次電池用シート | |
WO2022071392A1 (ja) | 無機固体電解質含有組成物、全固体二次電池用シート及び全固体二次電池、並びに、全固体二次電池用シート及び全固体二次電池の製造方法 | |
WO2021193826A1 (ja) | 無機固体電解質含有組成物、全固体二次電池用シート及び全固体二次電池並びに、全固体二次電池用シート及び全固体二次電池の製造方法 | |
WO2021166968A1 (ja) | 無機固体電解質含有組成物、全固体二次電池用シート及び全固体二次電池並びに、全固体二次電池用シート及び全固体二次電池の製造方法 | |
WO2021039947A1 (ja) | 無機固体電解質含有組成物、全固体二次電池用シート及び全固体二次電池、並びに、全固体二次電池用シート及び全固体二次電池の各製造方法 | |
WO2021085549A1 (ja) | 無機固体電解質含有組成物、全固体二次電池用シート及び全固体二次電池、並びに全固体二次電池用シート及び全固体二次電池の製造方法 | |
WO2023054425A1 (ja) | 電極組成物、全固体二次電池用電極シート及び全固体二次電池、並びに、電極組成物、全固体二次電池用電極シート及び全固体二次電池の製造方法 | |
WO2022202902A1 (ja) | 電極組成物、全固体二次電池用電極シート及び全固体二次電池、並びに、全固体二次電池用電極シート及び全固体二次電池の製造方法 | |
WO2021020031A1 (ja) | 無機固体電解質含有組成物、全固体二次電池用シート及び全固体二次電池、並びに、全固体二次電池用シート及び全固体二次電池の製造方法 | |
WO2021039946A1 (ja) | 無機固体電解質含有組成物、全固体二次電池用シート及び全固体二次電池、全固体二次電池用シート及び全固体二次電池の製造方法、並びに、複合ポリマー粒子 | |
WO2022138752A1 (ja) | 無機固体電解質含有組成物、全固体二次電池用シート及び全固体二次電池、並びに、全固体二次電池用シート及び全固体二次電池の製造方法 | |
JP7407286B2 (ja) | 無機固体電解質含有組成物、全固体二次電池用シート及び全固体二次電池、並びに、全固体二次電池用シート及び全固体二次電池の製造方法 | |
WO2022059567A1 (ja) | 無機固体電解質含有組成物、全固体二次電池用シート及び全固体二次電池並びに、全固体二次電池用シート及び全固体二次電池の製造方法 | |
WO2022065477A1 (ja) | 無機固体電解質含有組成物、全固体二次電池用シート及び全固体二次電池、並びに、全固体二次電池用シート及び全固体二次電池の製造方法 | |
WO2022071124A1 (ja) | 無機固体電解質含有組成物、全固体二次電池用シート及び全固体二次電池、並びに、全固体二次電池用シート及び全固体二次電池の製造方法 | |
WO2022070850A1 (ja) | 無機固体電解質含有組成物、全固体二次電池用シート及び全固体二次電池、並びに、全固体二次電池用シート及び全固体二次電池の製造方法 | |
CN117642891A (zh) | 电极组合物、全固态二次电池用电极片及全固态二次电池、以及电极组合物、全固态二次电池用电极片及全固态二次电池的制造方法 | |
CN117716524A (zh) | 电极用片材及全固态二次电池、以及电极用片材、电极片及全固态二次电池的制造方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 20856030 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2021543029 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20227006704 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2020856030 Country of ref document: EP Effective date: 20220330 |