WO2019111934A1 - カルボキシメチル化セルロース - Google Patents
カルボキシメチル化セルロース Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2019111934A1 WO2019111934A1 PCT/JP2018/044690 JP2018044690W WO2019111934A1 WO 2019111934 A1 WO2019111934 A1 WO 2019111934A1 JP 2018044690 W JP2018044690 W JP 2018044690W WO 2019111934 A1 WO2019111934 A1 WO 2019111934A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cellulose
- degree
- water
- carboxymethylated cellulose
- carboxymethylated
- Prior art date
Links
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 292
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 285
- 125000002057 carboxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*] 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 123
- 125000002791 glucosyl group Chemical group C1([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O1)CO)* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 abstract description 28
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 278
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 68
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 60
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 54
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 51
- 238000005517 mercerization Methods 0.000 description 43
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 37
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 24
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 17
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 13
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 206010016807 Fluid retention Diseases 0.000 description 9
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 9
- FDRCDNZGSXJAFP-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chloroacetate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)CCl FDRCDNZGSXJAFP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000006266 etherification reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- -1 household goods Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 6
- NJSSICCENMLTKO-HRCBOCMUSA-N [(1r,2s,4r,5r)-3-hydroxy-4-(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyloxy-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl] 4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)O[C@H]1C(O)[C@@H](OS(=O)(=O)C=2C=CC(C)=CC=2)[C@@H]2OC[C@H]1O2 NJSSICCENMLTKO-HRCBOCMUSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011121 hardwood Substances 0.000 description 6
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCl FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002655 kraft paper Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 4
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical group OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940105329 carboxymethylcellulose Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 4
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- TWNIBLMWSKIRAT-VFUOTHLCSA-N levoglucosan Chemical group O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2CO[C@@H]1O2 TWNIBLMWSKIRAT-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- FDPIMTJIUBPUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-3-one Chemical compound CCC(=O)CC FDPIMTJIUBPUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011122 softwood Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 3
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229960001031 glucose Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007970 homogeneous dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012085 test solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Chemical compound OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- KJFMBFZCATUALV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenolphthalein Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)O1 KJFMBFZCATUALV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000298 Cellophane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PTHCMJGKKRQCBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cellulose, microcrystalline Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 PTHCMJGKKRQCBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000000491 Corchorus aestuans Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011777 Corchorus aestuans Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010862 Corchorus capsularis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000875 Dissolving pulp Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 240000000797 Hibiscus cannabinus Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000168 Microcrystalline cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005903 acid hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-D-glucopyranose Natural products OCC1OC(O)C(O)C(O)C1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- QKSIFUGZHOUETI-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;azane Chemical compound N.N.N.N.[Cu+2] QKSIFUGZHOUETI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002036 drum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009837 dry grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012776 electronic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZOOODBUHSVUZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxymethanedithioic acid Chemical compound CCOC(S)=S ZOOODBUHSVUZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEUUMBGHMNQHGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl chloroacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CCl VEUUMBGHMNQHGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013373 food additive Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002778 food additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003349 gelling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- QABLOFMHHSOFRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-chloroacetate Chemical compound COC(=O)CCl QABLOFMHHSOFRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CXHHBNMLPJOKQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl hydrogen carbonate Chemical group COC(O)=O CXHHBNMLPJOKQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LRMHVVPPGGOAJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl nitrate Chemical compound CO[N+]([O-])=O LRMHVVPPGGOAJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012022 methylating agents Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000008108 microcrystalline cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019813 microcrystalline cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940016286 microcrystalline cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002780 morpholines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- VODRWDBLLGYRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl 2-chloroacetate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)CCl VODRWDBLLGYRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012991 xanthate Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B11/00—Preparation of cellulose ethers
- C08B11/02—Alkyl or cycloalkyl ethers
- C08B11/04—Alkyl or cycloalkyl ethers with substituted hydrocarbon radicals
- C08B11/10—Alkyl or cycloalkyl ethers with substituted hydrocarbon radicals substituted with acid radicals
- C08B11/12—Alkyl or cycloalkyl ethers with substituted hydrocarbon radicals substituted with acid radicals substituted with carboxylic radicals, e.g. carboxymethylcellulose [CMC]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L1/00—Compositions of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/08—Cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/26—Cellulose ethers
- C08L1/28—Alkyl ethers
- C08L1/286—Alkyl ethers substituted with acid radicals, e.g. carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B1/00—Preparatory treatment of cellulose for making derivatives thereof, e.g. pre-treatment, pre-soaking, activation
- C08B1/08—Alkali cellulose
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08H—DERIVATIVES OF NATURAL MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08H8/00—Macromolecular compounds derived from lignocellulosic materials
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/38—Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 1 or 11 of the Periodic Table
- D06M11/40—Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 1 or 11 of the Periodic Table combined with, or in absence of, mechanical tension, e.g. slack mercerising
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
- D06M13/184—Carboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
- D06M13/207—Substituted carboxylic acids, e.g. by hydroxy or keto groups; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
- D06M13/21—Halogenated carboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M23/00—Treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, characterised by the process
- D06M23/10—Processes in which the treating agent is dissolved or dispersed in organic solvents; Processes for the recovery of organic solvents thereof
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C9/00—After-treatment of cellulose pulp, e.g. of wood pulp, or cotton linters ; Treatment of dilute or dewatered pulp or process improvement taking place after obtaining the raw cellulosic material and not provided for elsewhere
- D21C9/001—Modification of pulp properties
- D21C9/002—Modification of pulp properties by chemical means; preparation of dewatered pulp, e.g. in sheet or bulk form, containing special additives
- D21C9/005—Modification of pulp properties by chemical means; preparation of dewatered pulp, e.g. in sheet or bulk form, containing special additives organic compounds
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/02—Natural fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/04—Vegetal fibres
- D06M2101/06—Vegetal fibres cellulosic
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/02—Natural fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/04—Vegetal fibres
- D06M2101/06—Vegetal fibres cellulosic
- D06M2101/08—Esters or ethers of cellulose
Definitions
- the present invention relates to carboxymethylated cellulose.
- Carboxymethylated cellulose is a derivative of cellulose, in which a carboxymethyl group is ether-bonded to part of the hydroxyl groups in the glucose residue constituting the skeleton of cellulose. As the amount of carboxymethyl groups increases (ie, the degree of carboxymethyl substitution increases), carboxymethylated cellulose becomes soluble in water. On the other hand, by adjusting the degree of carboxymethyl substitution to an appropriate range, the fibrous shape of carboxymethylated cellulose can be maintained even in water.
- Carboxymethylated cellulose is used as an additive in various fields such as food and drink, cosmetics, water-based paint and the like because of its properties such as thickening property, water absorption property, water retention property and the like.
- These commonly used carboxymethylated celluloses are usually water-soluble polymers having a degree of carboxymethyl substitution (also referred to as degree of etherification) of 0.55 or more.
- degree of carboxymethyl substitution also referred to as degree of etherification
- the object of the present invention is, inter alia, to provide carboxymethylated cellulose having a novel feature of low degree of carboxymethyl substitution (0.50 or less) and high crystallinity of cellulose type I (50% or more). .
- carboxymethylated cellulose in which both the carboxymethyl substitution degree and the crystallinity of cellulose type I fall within this range tends to be inhomogeneous, and for example, problems such as unstable dispersion have been observed.
- the present inventors have more stable quality (uniform dispersion) of carboxymethylated cellulose having low degree of carboxymethyl substitution (0.50 or less) and high crystallinity (50% or more) of cellulose type I
- carboxymethylation of cellulose mercerization (alkali treatment of cellulose) is performed under a solvent mainly composed of water, and then carboxymethylation (also referred to as etherification) is a mixed solvent of water and an organic solvent.
- the present invention includes, but is not limited to, the following.
- the carboxymethylated cellulose as described in (1) whose degree of anionization is 0.00 meq / g or more and 1.00 meq / g or less.
- the carboxymethylated cellulose according to (1) which has a Shopper-Liegra freeness of 60.0 ° SR or more.
- Carboxymethylated cellulose is put into 500 g of water, and after stirring for 5 seconds at 400 rpm, the dry mass of the filter residue on the filter when naturally filtered using a 20 mesh filter is the carboxy added to the above water
- the carboxymethylated cellulose according to (1) which is 0 to 30% by mass with respect to the dry mass of methylated cellulose.
- the carboxymethylated cellulose as described in (1) whose viscosity (30 rpm, 25 degreeC) at the time of setting it as the water dispersion of solid content 1% (w / v) is 10.0 mPa * s or less.
- the carboxymethylated cellulose having a degree of carboxymethyl substitution of 0.50 or less according to the present invention and a degree of crystallinity of cellulose type I of 50% or more remains crystalline while having an appropriate degree of carboxymethyl substitution. It is considered that high effects can be stably obtained with respect to effects specific to carboxymethylated cellulose, for example, shape retention, water absorption imparting, and the like.
- carboxymethylated cellulose In carboxymethylated cellulose, the introduction of a carboxymethyl group into cellulose makes the cellulose electrically repel each other, and the dispersibility of carboxymethylated cellulose in water is improved. At this time, when the carboxymethyl group is introduced locally, the part which is locally dissolved in water and the part which is not dissolved come out and the dispersion becomes unstable.
- the carboxymethylated cellulose having a viscosity (30 rpm, 25 ° C.) of not more than 10.0 mPa ⁇ s when made into an aqueous dispersion of solid content 1% (w / v) has carboxymethyl groups uniformly throughout the entire cellulose ( It is considered to be introduced locally, and to be uniformly dispersed, and to show low viscosity, since local dissolution of carboxymethylated cellulose is unlikely to occur.
- the carboxymethyl group when the carboxymethyl group is locally introduced in the carboxymethylated cellulose, it is considered that the hydrophilicity of the cellulose locally increases and a portion locally dissolved in water is generated. As the portion soluble in water increases, the absolute value of the degree of anionization measured using a flow current meter increases. On the other hand, it can be said that the closer to 0 the degree of anionization, the less the portion soluble in water (ie, the less the portion locally introduced with a carboxymethyl group).
- a carboxymethylated cellulose having a degree of anionization of 0.00 meq / g or more and 1.00 meq / g or less is considered to have carboxymethyl groups uniformly (not locally) introduced throughout the cellulose.
- the “anionization degree” is described in detail below, but is the equivalent of the charge per unit mass of carboxymethylated cellulose, and is a value measured by a titration method using a flow current meter (unit: meq / g ).
- Shopper-Leegra freeness means that water retention is higher as it approaches 100 ° SR, and carboxymethylated celluloses with Shopper-Liegra freeness of 60.0 ° SR or more are not limited thereto.
- carboxymethylated celluloses with Shopper-Liegra freeness of 60.0 ° SR or more are not limited thereto.
- carboxymethylated cellulose having a carboxymethylated substitution degree of 0.50 or less, a crystallinity of cellulose type I of 50% or more, and a Shopper-Liegra freeness of 60.0 ° SR or more is Since the fiber shape and crystallinity are maintained, it is considered that, for example, when added to food and cosmetics, the moldability and shape retention of food and cosmetics are also improved.
- Ratio of dry mass of filtration residue after natural filtration to dry mass of carboxymethylated cellulose having a degree of carboxymethyl substitution of 0.50 or less and a crystallinity of cellulose type I of 50% or more Carboxymethylated cellulose having a filtration residue ratio of 0 to 30% is difficult to form lumps when it is made into a dispersion despite the fact that the degree of carboxymethyl substitution and the degree of crystallinity are in the above-mentioned range, and further, it is suitable carboxy Since crystallinity remains while having a degree of methyl substitution, when used as an additive utilizing effects unique to carboxymethylated cellulose, for example, shape retention, water absorption imparting, etc. While exhibiting, it is possible to obtain the advantage that it is difficult to be damaged in the dispersion medium and easy to use.
- Carboxymethylated cellulose has a structure in which a part of the hydroxyl groups in the glucose residue constituting the cellulose is ether-bonded to a carboxymethyl group.
- the carboxymethylated cellulose may be in the form of a salt, and the carboxymethylated cellulose of the present invention is intended to include salts of carboxymethylated cellulose.
- Examples of salts of carboxymethylated cellulose include metal salts such as carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt.
- the carboxymethylated cellulose of the present invention is preferably one in which at least a part of the fibrous form is maintained even when dispersed in water. That is, when an aqueous dispersion of carboxymethylated cellulose is observed with an electron microscope or the like, it is preferable that the fibrous substance can be observed. Moreover, when the carboxymethylated cellulose of this invention is measured by X-ray diffraction, the peak of a cellulose type I crystal can be observed.
- the carboxymethylated cellulose of the present invention has a degree of carboxymethyl substitution of not more than 0.50, preferably not more than 0.40, per anhydroglucose unit of cellulose.
- degree of substitution exceeds 0.50, dissolution in water is likely to occur, the fiber form can not be maintained in water, and effects such as shape retention can be reduced.
- it is necessary to have a certain degree of carboxymethyl substitution for example, when the degree of carboxymethyl substitution is smaller than 0.02, Depending on the application, the advantage of introducing a carboxymethyl group may not be obtained.
- the degree of carboxymethyl substitution is preferably 0.02 or more, more preferably 0.05 or more, still more preferably 0.10 or more, and still more preferably 0.15 or more.
- 0.20 or more is more preferable, and 0.25 or more is more preferable.
- the inventors of the present invention have, for example, a carboxymethyl substitution degree of 0.20 or more and 0.50 or less, and a crystallinity degree of cellulose I of 50% or more according to the production method described later It has been found that it is possible to produce carboxymethylated cellulose which is less likely to form lumps (to give a low viscosity dispersion and / or the absolute value of the degree of anionization is small).
- the degree of carboxymethyl substitution can be adjusted by controlling the amount of the carboxymethylating agent to be reacted, the amount of the mercerizing agent, the composition ratio of water to the organic solvent, and the like.
- the anhydroglucose unit means individual anhydroglucose (glucose residue) constituting cellulose.
- the degree of carboxymethyl substitution also referred to as the degree of etherification
- the carboxymethyl substitution degree may be abbreviated as DS.
- the method for measuring the degree of carboxymethyl substitution is as follows: Approximately 2.0 g of the sample is precisely weighed and placed in a 300 mL stoppered Erlenmeyer flask. 100 mL of a solution prepared by adding 100 mL of special grade concentrated nitric acid to 1000 mL of methanol nitrate is added, and shaken for 3 hours to convert a salt of carboxymethylated cellulose (CMC) into H-CMC (hydrogenated carboxymethylated cellulose). The 1.5 to 2.0 g of the absolute-dried H-CMC is precisely weighed and placed in a 300 mL stoppered Erlenmeyer flask.
- Crystallinity of cellulose type I The crystallinity of cellulose in the carboxymethylated cellulose fiber of the present invention is preferably 50% or more, more preferably 60% or more. By adjusting the crystallinity to the above range, effects such as shape retention can be highly obtained by carboxymethylated cellulose.
- the crystallinity of the cellulose can be controlled by the concentration of mercerizing agent and the temperature at the time of treatment, as well as the degree of carboxymethylation. Because mercerization and carboxymethylation use a high concentration of alkali, type I crystals of cellulose are easily converted to type II, but modification of the cellulose by modifying the amount of alkali (merceling agent) used, etc. By adjusting the degree, desired crystallinity can be maintained.
- the upper limit of the crystallinity of cellulose type I is not particularly limited. In reality, it is considered that about 90% is the upper limit.
- Xc (I002c-Ia) / I002c x 100
- Xc crystallinity of cellulose type I (%)
- I 002 c: 2 ⁇ 22.6 °, diffraction intensity of 002 plane
- Ia: 2 ⁇ 18.5 °, diffraction intensity of amorphous part.
- carboxymethylated cellulose is treated (mercified) with alkali
- the resulting mercerized cellulose is reacted with a carboxymethylating agent (also referred to as an etherifying agent).
- carboxymethylating agent also referred to as an etherifying agent
- the carboxymethylated cellulose preferably has a degree of anionization (also referred to as anion charge density) of 0.00 meq / g to 1.00 meq / g.
- the method of measuring the degree of anionization is as follows: The carboxymethylated cellulose is dispersed in water to prepare an aqueous dispersion having a solid content of 10 g / L, and the mixture is stirred overnight at 1000 rpm using a magnetic stirrer.
- DADMAC diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride
- the "anionization degree” corresponds to the equivalent amount of DADMAC required to neutralize an anionic group in carboxymethylated cellulose of unit mass, as can be understood from the above-mentioned measuring method. It corresponds to the equivalent of anions per mass of carboxymethylated cellulose.
- 0.00 meq / g or more and 1.00 meq / g or less are preferable, 0.00 meq / g or more and 0.80 meq / g or less are more preferable, and 0.00 meq / g or more and 0.60 meq / g or more are preferable. It is more preferable that the amount is not more than / g.
- Carboxymethylated celluloses having such a range of degree of anionization are uniform over the entire cellulose, but not locally carboxymethylated as compared to carboxymethylated cellulose having a degree of anionization higher than 1.00 meq / g. It is thought that the effect peculiar to carboxymethylated cellulose, for example, shape retention, water absorption imparting, etc. can be obtained more stably.
- the carboxymethylated cellulose preferably has a Shopper-Legra freeness of 60.0 ° SR or more.
- the method of measuring the Shopper-Liegra freeness is in accordance with JISP 82121-1: 2012, and specifically, it is as follows: The carboxymethylated cellulose is dispersed in water to prepare an aqueous dispersion having a solid content of 10 g / L, and the mixture is stirred overnight at 1000 rpm using a magnetic stirrer. The resulting slurry is diluted to 1 g / L.
- a 60 mesh screen (wire thickness: 0.17 mm) is set in Mutec DFR-04, and the amount of liquid passing through the mesh is measured for 60 seconds from 1000 ml of the test solution, according to JISP 8121-1: 2012. Use the same method to calculate the Shopper-Leegra freeness.
- the Shopper-Liegra freeness measures the degree of drainage of the suspension of fibers, and the lower limit is 0 ° SR, the upper limit is 100 ° SR, and the Shopper-Liegra freeness is 100 ° SR. The closer to the point, the less the water (drainage) indicates, that is, the higher the water retention of the fiber.
- 60.0 ° SR or more is preferable, and 65.0 ° SR or more is further preferable.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, but is 100.0 ° SR or less, preferably 90.0 ° SR or less.
- Carboxymethylated cellulose having a Shopper-Liegra freeness of 60.0 ° SR or higher has high water retention, for example, as a water retention agent in various compositions such as, but not limited to, food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. It is said to be suitable for use.
- the carboxymethylated cellulose preferably has a Canadian Standard Freeness (Canadian Standard Freeness) of 150 ml or less, more preferably 120 ml or less, still more preferably 110 ml or less.
- the Canadian Standard Freeness measures the degree of drainage of a suspension of fibers, and the smaller the value is, the smaller the drainage (amount of drainage) is, that is, the higher the water retention of the fiber.
- the measurement method of Canadian Standard Freeness is as follows: Prepare a sample in the same manner as the Shopper-Leegraurity mentioned above, set a 60 mesh screen (wire thickness 0.17 mm) to DFR-04 made by Mutec Co., and from the 1000 ml test solution, set the above mesh The amount of fluid passing through is measured for 60 seconds, and the Canadian standard freeness is calculated by the method according to JISP 8121-2: 2012.
- the carboxymethylated cellulose of the present invention preferably has a drainage volume of 400 ml or less, more preferably 380 ml or less, and still more preferably 370 ml or less.
- the drainage amount measures the degree of drainage of the fiber suspension, and the smaller the value, the less drainage (drainage), that is, the higher the water retention of the fiber.
- the method of measuring the amount of drainage is as follows: Prepare a sample in the same manner as the Shopper-Leegraurity mentioned above, set a 60 mesh screen (wire thickness 0.17 mm) to DFR-04 made by Mutec Co., and from the 1000 ml test solution, set the above mesh Measure the amount of fluid passing through for 60 seconds to calculate the amount of drainage.
- the dry mass of the filter residue on the filter when naturally filtered using a 20 mesh filter was put into water It is preferably 0 to 30% by mass with respect to the dry mass of carboxymethylated cellulose (herein, after natural filtration with respect to the dry mass of carboxymethylated cellulose introduced into water calculated by the method described above)
- the proportion of dry mass of the filtration residue is referred to as "the proportion of filtration residue".
- the method of measuring the proportion of filtration residue is as follows: (1) Measurement of the amount of filtration residue 500 g of water is collected in a 1 L beaker.
- the mass of the filter and the residue thereon is measured, and the mass of the filter is subtracted to calculate the bone dry mass (g) of the residue (mass of bone dry residue).
- (2) Calculation of the moisture content of carboxymethylated cellulose Heat the weighing bottle at 100 ° C for 2 hours, cool in a desiccator containing silica gel, and precisely weigh the bone dry mass of the weighing bottle (absolute weight weighing bottle) . Weigh about 1.5 g of carboxymethylated cellulose into a weighing bottle and weigh accurately (CMC weight before drying). Open the lid of the weighing bottle and heat to dry at 105 ° C. for 2 hours. Close the weighing bottle and cool for 15 minutes in a silica gel desiccator.
- Moisture content (%) of carboxymethylated cellulose [ ⁇ pre-drying CMC mass (g)-(weighing bottle with CMC after drying mass (g)-bone-dry weighing bottle mass (g)) ⁇ / CMC mass before drying (g) ] ⁇ 100.
- the proportion of the filtration residue of carboxymethylated cellulose is preferably 0 to 30%, more preferably 0 to 20%, and still more preferably 0 to 10%.
- Carboxymethylated cellulose having a low proportion of filtration residue is easy to disperse and has excellent handleability.
- carboxymethylated cellulose exhibits a low viscosity when made into a dispersion using water as a dispersion medium (water dispersion).
- the method of measuring the viscosity is as follows: The carboxymethylated cellulose is weighed in a 1000 ml glass beaker, dispersed in 900 ml of distilled water, and an aqueous dispersion is prepared to have a solid content of 1% (w / v). The aqueous dispersion is stirred at 600 rpm for 3 hours at 25 ° C. using a stirrer.
- the viscosity of the carboxymethylated cellulose is preferably 10.0 mPa ⁇ s or less, more preferably 8.0 mPa ⁇ s or less, and still more preferably 7.0 mPa ⁇ s or less.
- Such low viscosity carboxymethylated cellulose is considered to be uniformly introduced throughout the cellulose, not locally, and the carboxymethyl group is considered to have an effect unique to carboxymethylated cellulose, for example, shape retention, It is considered that water absorption can be more stably obtained.
- the lower limit value of the viscosity is not particularly limited. Actually, it is considered that about 1.0 mPa ⁇ s is the lower limit.
- the carboxymethylated cellulose may be in the form of a dispersion obtained after production, but may be dried if necessary, or may be redispersed in water.
- the drying method is not limited, for example, lyophilization, spray drying, tray drying, drum drying, belt drying, thin spreading on a glass plate and drying, fluid bed drying, microwave drying, etc.
- Known methods such as heat generation fan-type reduced pressure drying can be used. After drying, if necessary, it may be crushed by a cutter mill, a hammer mill, a pin mill, a jet mill or the like.
- the method of redispersion in water is not particularly limited, and known dispersion devices can be used.
- carboxymethylated cellulose can be nanofibreized by disentanglement, it is possible to use it without nanofibreing, unless it is necessary because nanofibreing is expensive.
- carboxymethylated cellulose is not particularly limited, but the carboxymethylated cellulose of the present invention has a degree of carboxymethyl substitution of 0.50 or less and a crystallinity of cellulose type I of 50% or more, and has shape retention and It is considered that since it is excellent in water absorption, it can be particularly suitably used for applications where shape retention and water absorption are required. However, it may be used for other applications.
- carboxymethylated cellulose is used is not limited, and various fields in which additives are generally used, such as food, beverage, cosmetics, medicine, paper, various chemical products, paints, sprays, pesticides, civil engineering, architecture , Electronic materials, flame retardants, household goods, adhesives, detergents, fragrances, lubricating compositions, etc., thickeners, gelling agents, glues, food additives, excipients, additives for paints, It can be considered that it can be used as an adhesive additive, a papermaking additive, an abrasive, a compound for rubber or plastic, a water retention agent, a shape retention agent, a muddy water regulator, a filter aid, an anti-overflow agent, etc. .
- carboxymethylated cellulose of the present invention having a degree of carboxymethyl substitution of 0.50 or less and a crystallinity of cellulose type I of 50% or more is not limited thereto, for example, mercerization (alkali treatment of cellulose) Can be produced in a water-based solvent, and then carboxymethylated (also referred to as etherification) in a mixed solvent of water and an organic solvent.
- carboxymethylated cellulose thus obtained can be obtained by the conventional aqueous method (a method in which both mercerization and carboxymethylation are performed using water as a solvent) or a solvent method (both mercerization and carboxymethylation) as an organic solvent.
- the aqueous dispersion shows lower viscosity and smaller absolute value of the degree of anionization (closer to 0), It has a feature that it has high freeness and it is difficult to form a lump when made into a water dispersion. Moreover, the above-mentioned method has the advantage that the effective utilization rate of the carboxymethylating agent is high.
- the degree of carboxymethyl substitution is 0.50 or less, the crystallinity of cellulose type I is 50% or more, and the viscosity (%) of the aqueous dispersion of solid content 1% (w / v) It is possible to produce carboxymethylated cellulose in which 30 rpm, 25 ° C.) is 10.0 mPa ⁇ s or less. Further, according to the above method, the degree of carboxymethyl substitution is 0.50 or less, the degree of crystallinity of cellulose type I is 50% or more, and the degree of anionization is 0.00 meq / g to 1.00 meq / g. Certain carboxymethylated celluloses can be produced.
- a carboxymethyl degree of substitution is 0.50 or less
- a crystallinity of cellulose type I is 50% or more
- a carboxymethyl group having a Shopper-Liegra freeness of 60.0 ° SR or more Cellulose can be produced.
- carboxymethylated cellulose having a degree of carboxymethyl substitution of 0.50 or less, a crystallinity of cellulose type I of 50% or more, and a ratio of filtration residue of 0 to 30% is produced. can do.
- cellulose means a polysaccharide having a structure in which D-glucopyranose (also simply referred to as “glucose residue” or “anhydroglucose”) is linked by ⁇ -1,4 bonds.
- D-glucopyranose also simply referred to as “glucose residue” or “anhydroglucose”
- Cellulose is generally classified into natural cellulose, regenerated cellulose, fine cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose from which non-crystalline regions are removed, and the like from the origin, production method and the like.
- any of these celluloses can be used as a raw material for mercerized cellulose, but in order to maintain the crystallinity of 50% or more of cellulose type I in carboxymethylated cellulose, cellulose type I can be used.
- the crystallinity of cellulose I type of cellulose which is a raw material is preferably 70% or more, more preferably 80% or more.
- the method for measuring the crystallinity of cellulose type I is as described above.
- Examples of natural cellulose include bleached pulp or unbleached pulp (bleached wood pulp or unbleached wood pulp); linters, refined linters, cellulose produced by microorganisms such as acetic acid bacteria and the like.
- the raw material of bleached pulp or unbleached pulp is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include wood, cotton, straw, bamboo, hemp, jute, kenaf and the like.
- the method for producing the bleached pulp or the unbleached pulp is not particularly limited, and a mechanical method, a chemical method, or a method combining two in between may be used.
- bleached pulp or unbleached pulp classified according to the production method examples include mechanical pulp (thermomechanical pulp (TMP), ground pulp), chemical pulp (softwood unbleached sulfite pulp (NUSP), softwood bleached sulfite pulp (NBSP) Etc., softwood unbleached kraft pulp (NUKP), softwood bleached kraft pulp (NBKP), hardwood unbleached kraft pulp (LUKP), kraft pulp such as hardwood bleached kraft pulp (LBKP), and the like.
- dissolving pulp may be used besides paper pulp.
- the dissolved pulp is a chemically refined pulp, which is mainly used dissolved in chemicals, and is a main raw material for man-made fibers, cellophane and the like.
- regenerated cellulose what melt
- fine cellulose those obtained by depolymerization treatment (for example, acid hydrolysis, alkali hydrolysis, enzymatic decomposition, explosion treatment, vibrating ball milling treatment, etc.) of a cellulose-based material such as the above natural cellulose or regenerated cellulose, What is obtained by mechanically processing the cellulose-based material is exemplified.
- Mercerization The cellulose described above is used as a raw material, and a mercerizing agent (alkali) is added to obtain a mercerized cellulose (also referred to as an alkali cellulose).
- a mercerizing agent alkali
- the carboxymethylation of the present invention is carried out mainly using water as a solvent in this mercerization reaction and using a mixed solvent of an organic solvent and water in the subsequent carboxymethylation.
- Cellulose can be obtained economically.
- the carboxymethylated cellulose thus obtained exhibits a low viscosity when made into an aqueous dispersion.
- the carboxymethylated cellulose thus obtained has a small absolute value of the degree of anionization.
- the carboxymethylated cellulose thus obtained has a high degree of shopper / ligra freeness. In addition, the carboxymethylated cellulose thus obtained has less formation of lumps when it is made into an aqueous dispersion (ie, a low rate of generation of filtration residue).
- water mainly used as a solvent refers to a solvent containing water at a ratio higher than 50% by mass.
- the content of water in the solvent mainly containing water is preferably 55% by mass or more, more preferably 60% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, and more preferably 80% by mass or more. More preferably, it is 90 mass% or more, More preferably, it is 95 mass% or more.
- the solvent mainly comprising water is 100% by weight of water (that is, water). The higher the proportion of water during mercerization, the advantage is obtained that the carboxymethyl groups are more uniformly introduced into the cellulose.
- solvents other than water (used in combination with water) in a solvent mainly composed of water include organic solvents used as a solvent in the subsequent carboxymethylation.
- organic solvents used as a solvent in the subsequent carboxymethylation.
- alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, N-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, N-butanol, isobutanol, tertiary butanol, ketones such as acetone, diethyl ketone and methyl ethyl ketone, and dioxane, diethyl ether, benzene, dichloromethane
- ketones such as acetone, diethyl ketone and methyl ethyl ketone
- dioxane diethyl ether, benzene, dichloromethane
- the organic solvent in the solvent mainly containing water is preferably 45% by mass or less, more preferably 40% by mass or less, still more preferably 30% by mass or less, and further preferably 20% by mass or less. More preferably, it is 10 mass% or less, More preferably, it is 5 mass% or less, More preferably, it is 0 mass%.
- the mercerizing agent examples include alkali metal hydroxides such as lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, and one or more of these may be used in combination.
- the mercerizing agents are not limited to these, but, for example, 1 to 60% by mass, preferably 2 to 45% by mass, more preferably 3 to 25% by mass of these alkali metal hydroxides are added to the reactor as an aqueous solution. It can be added.
- the amount of the mercerizing agent to be used is not particularly limited as long as it is compatible with the degree of carboxymethyl substitution of 0.50 or less in carboxymethylated cellulose and the degree of crystallinity of cellulose I type of 50% or more. In one embodiment, it is preferably 0.1 mol or more and 2.5 mol or less, more preferably 0.3 mol or more and 2.0 mol or less, with respect to 100 g of cellulose (absolutely dry), 0.4 More preferably, the molar ratio is 1.5 moles or less.
- the amount of the solvent mainly comprising water at the time of mercerization is not particularly limited as long as it allows stirring and mixing of the raw material, but 1.5 to 20 times by mass of the cellulose raw material is preferable, and 2 to 10 is preferable. More preferably, it is mass-folded.
- the base material (cellulose) and a solvent mainly comprising water are mixed, and the temperature of the reactor is adjusted to 0 to 70 ° C., preferably 10 to 60 ° C., more preferably 10 to 40 ° C. Then, an aqueous solution of the mercerizing agent is added and stirring is carried out for 15 minutes to 8 hours, preferably 30 minutes to 7 hours, more preferably 30 minutes to 3 hours. This gives mercerized cellulose (alkali cellulose).
- the pH for mercerization is preferably 9 or more, which allows the mercerization reaction to proceed.
- the pH is more preferably 11 or more, further preferably 12 or more, and may be 13 or more.
- the upper limit of pH is not particularly limited.
- the mercerization can be performed using a reactor capable of mixing and stirring the above components while controlling the temperature, and various reactors conventionally used for the mercerization reaction can be used.
- a batch-type stirring apparatus in which two shafts are stirred and the above-described components are mixed is preferable from the viewpoints of uniform mixing and productivity.
- Carboxymethylated cellulose is obtained by adding a carboxymethylating agent (also referred to as an etherifying agent) to mercerized cellulose.
- a carboxymethylating agent also referred to as an etherifying agent
- the carboxymethylation of the present invention is carried out by using water as a solvent mainly in the case of mercerization and using a mixed solvent of water and an organic solvent in the case of carboxymethylation.
- Cellulose can be obtained economically.
- the carboxymethylated cellulose thus obtained exhibits a low viscosity when made into an aqueous dispersion.
- the carboxymethylated cellulose thus obtained has a small absolute value of the degree of anionization.
- the carboxymethylated cellulose thus obtained has a high degree of shopper / ligra freeness. In addition, the carboxymethylated cellulose thus obtained has less formation of lumps when it is made into an aqueous dispersion (ie, a low rate of generation of filtration residue).
- carboxymethylating agent examples include monochloroacetic acid, sodium monochloroacetate, methyl monochloroacetate, ethyl monochloroacetate, isopropyl monochloroacetate and the like.
- monochloroacetic acid or sodium monochloroacetate is preferable in terms of availability of raw materials.
- the amount of the carboxymethylating agent to be used is not particularly limited as long as it is compatible with the degree of carboxymethyl substitution of 0.50 or less in carboxymethylated cellulose and the degree of crystallization of cellulose I type of 50% or more. In one embodiment, it is preferable to add in the range of 0.5 to 1.5 moles per anhydrous glucose unit of cellulose.
- the lower limit of the above range is more preferably 0.6 mol or more, still more preferably 0.7 mol or more, and the upper limit is more preferably 1.3 mol or less, still more preferably 1.1 mol or less.
- the carboxymethylating agent can be added to the reactor as an aqueous solution of, for example, but not limited to, 5 to 80% by mass, more preferably 30 to 60% by mass. It can also be added in powder form without dissolution.
- the molar ratio of the mercerizing agent to the carboxymethylating agent is generally 0.90 to 2.45 when monochloroacetic acid or sodium monochloroacetate is used as the carboxymethylating agent. Will be adopted. The reason is that if it is less than 0.90, the carboxymethylation reaction may be insufficient, and unreacted monochloroacetic acid or sodium monochloroacetate may remain and waste may occur. If it exceeds 45, side reactions by excess mercerizing agent and monochloroacetic acid or sodium monochloroacetate may proceed to form an alkali metal glycolate, which may be uneconomical.
- the effective utilization rate of the carboxymethylating agent is preferably 15% or more. More preferably, it is 20% or more, further preferably 25% or more, and particularly preferably 30% or more.
- the effective utilization rate of the carboxymethylating agent refers to the ratio of the carboxymethyl group introduced to the cellulose to the carboxymethyl group in the carboxymethylating agent.
- the carboxymethylated cellulose of the present invention can be obtained economically without significantly increasing the amount of
- the upper limit of the effective utilization rate of the carboxymethylating agent is not particularly limited, but practically the upper limit is about 80%.
- the effective utilization rate of the carboxymethylating agent may be abbreviated as AM.
- the concentration of the cellulose raw material in the carboxymethylation reaction is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 40% (w / v) from the viewpoint of enhancing the effective utilization of the carboxymethylating agent.
- an organic solvent or an aqueous solution of the organic solvent is appropriately added to the reactor, or water other than water at the mercerization treatment by reduced pressure or the like.
- the organic solvent and the like are appropriately reduced to form a mixed solvent of water and the organic solvent, and the carboxymethylation reaction is allowed to proceed under the mixed solvent of water and the organic solvent.
- the timing of addition or reduction of the organic solvent may be from the end of the mercerization reaction to immediately after the addition of the carboxymethylating agent, and is not particularly limited. For example, 30 minutes before and after adding the carboxymethylating agent Within is preferable.
- organic solvent examples include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, N-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, N-butanol, isobutanol and tertiary butanol, ketones such as acetone, diethyl ketone and methyl ethyl ketone, and dioxane and diethyl ether, Benzene, dichloromethane, etc. can be mentioned, and these single or 2 or more types of mixtures can be added to water, and can be used as a solvent in carboxymethylation.
- a monohydric alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is preferable, and a monohydric alcohol having 1 to 3 carbon atoms is more preferable, because the compatibility with water is excellent.
- the proportion of the organic solvent in the mixed solvent at the time of carboxymethylation is preferably 20% by mass or more, more preferably 30% by mass or more based on the total of water and the organic solvent.
- the content is more preferably 40% by mass or more, further preferably 45% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 50% by mass or more.
- the higher the proportion of the organic solvent the more advantageous is the fact that carboxymethylated cellulose of stable quality can be obtained, such as the possibility of uniform substitution of carboxymethyl groups.
- the upper limit of the proportion of the organic solvent is not limited, and may be, for example, 99% by mass or less. In consideration of the cost of the organic solvent to be added, it is preferably 90% by mass or less, more preferably 85% by mass or less, still more preferably 80% by mass or less, and still more preferably 70% by mass or less.
- the reaction medium for carboxymethylation (a mixed solvent of water and an organic solvent, etc. not containing cellulose) has a lower proportion of water than the reaction medium for mercerization (in other words, the proportion of organic solvent is Many) is preferable.
- the proportion of organic solvent is Many
- the reaction medium in the case of carboxymethylation has a lower proportion of water (the proportion of the organic solvent is larger) than the reaction medium in the case of mercerization, when transitioning from the mercerization reaction to the carboxymethylation reaction, the mixed solvent for the carboxymethylation reaction can be formed by a simple means of adding a desired amount of organic solvent to the reaction system after completion of the mercerization reaction.
- the temperature is preferably kept constant in the range of 10 to 40 ° C. for 15 minutes to 4 hours, preferably 15 Stir for 1 minute to 1 hour.
- the mixing of the liquid containing mercerized cellulose and the carboxymethylating agent is preferably carried out in multiple times or by dropwise addition to prevent the reaction mixture from becoming hot.
- the temperature is raised if necessary, and the reaction temperature is set to 30 to 90 ° C., preferably 40 to 90 ° C., more preferably 60 to 80 ° C.
- the etherification (carboxymethylation) reaction is carried out for 10 hours, preferably 1 hour to 4 hours to obtain carboxymethylated cellulose.
- carboxymethylated cellulose By raising the temperature during the carboxymethylation reaction, an advantage is obtained that the etherification reaction can be efficiently performed in a short time.
- the reactor used in mercerization may be used as it is, or another reactor capable of mixing and stirring the above-mentioned components while controlling the temperature may be used. .
- the remaining alkali metal salt may be neutralized with a mineral acid or an organic acid.
- inorganic salts, organic acid salts and the like may be washed and removed with water-containing methanol, dried, pulverized and classified to give carboxymethylated cellulose or a salt thereof.
- an impact type mill such as a hammer mill and a pin mill
- a medium mill such as a ball mill and a tower mill
- a jet mill are exemplified.
- apparatuses, such as a homogenizer, a mass colloider, and a pearl mill are illustrated.
- part and% show a mass part and mass%.
- Example 1 In a twin-screw kneader whose rotational speed was adjusted to 100 rpm, 130 parts of water and 20 parts of sodium hydroxide dissolved in 100 parts of water were added, and hardwood pulp (manufactured by Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd., LBKP) at 100.degree. 100 parts by dry weight when dried for a minute were charged. The mixture was stirred at 30 ° C. for 90 minutes and mixed to prepare mercerized cellulose. Further, 100 parts of isopropanol (IPA) and 60 parts of sodium monochloroacetate were added while stirring, and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes, and then heated to 70 ° C. to perform a carboxymethylation reaction for 90 minutes.
- IPA isopropanol
- the concentration of IPA in the reaction medium at the time of carboxymethylation reaction is 30%.
- the reaction solution is neutralized with acetic acid to about pH 7, drained, dried and pulverized to give sodium salt of carboxymethylated cellulose having a degree of carboxymethyl substitution of 0.24, degree of crystallinity of cellulose I type 73%. Obtained.
- the effective utilization rate of the carboxymethylating agent was 29%.
- the methods for measuring the degree of carboxymethyl substitution and the degree of crystallinity of cellulose type I, and the method for calculating the effective utilization of a carboxymethylating agent are as described above.
- the sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose thus obtained was dispersed in water to give a 1% (w / v) aqueous dispersion. About this, when the viscosity was measured by the above-mentioned method, it was 5.6 mPa * s.
- Example 2 A sodium salt of carboxymethylated cellulose was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the concentration of IPA in the reaction solution at the time of the carboxymethylation reaction was changed to 50% by changing the addition amount of IPA.
- the degree of carboxymethyl substitution was 0.31
- the degree of crystallinity of cellulose type I was 66%
- the effective utilization of the carboxymethylating agent was 37%.
- the obtained sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose was used as an aqueous dispersion of solid content 1% (w / v), and the viscosity was measured in the same manner as in Example 1 to be 5.6 mPa ⁇ s.
- Example 1 A sodium salt of carboxymethylated cellulose was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the solvent for the mercerization reaction was 10% of water and IPA 90%, and the solvent having the same composition was used also for the carboxymethylation reaction.
- the degree of carboxymethyl substitution was 0.29
- the degree of crystallinity of cellulose type I was 66%
- the effective utilization of the carboxymethylating agent was 35%.
- the sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose thus obtained was used as an aqueous dispersion of solid content 1% (w / v), and the viscosity was measured in the same manner as in Example 1 to be 14.4 mPa ⁇ s.
- Example 3 In a twin-screw kneader whose rotational speed was adjusted to 100 rpm, 130 parts of water and 20 parts of sodium hydroxide dissolved in 100 parts of water were added, and hardwood pulp (manufactured by Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd., LBKP) at 100.degree. 100 parts by dry weight when dried for a minute were charged. The mixture was stirred at 30 ° C. for 90 minutes and mixed to prepare mercerized cellulose. Further, 100 parts of isopropanol (IPA) and 60 parts of sodium monochloroacetate were added while stirring, and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes, and then heated to 70 ° C. to perform a carboxymethylation reaction for 90 minutes.
- IPA isopropanol
- the concentration of IPA in the reaction medium at the time of carboxymethylation reaction is 30%.
- the reaction solution is neutralized with acetic acid to about pH 7, drained, dried and pulverized to give sodium salt of carboxymethylated cellulose having a degree of carboxymethyl substitution of 0.24, degree of crystallinity of cellulose I type 73%. Obtained.
- the effective utilization rate of the carboxymethylating agent was 29%.
- the methods for measuring the degree of carboxymethyl substitution and the degree of crystallinity of cellulose type I, and the method for calculating the effective utilization of a carboxymethylating agent are as described above. It was 0.32 meq / g when the anionization degree was measured by the above-mentioned method about the sodium salt of the obtained carboxymethylated cellulose.
- Example 4 The sodium salt of carboxymethylated cellulose was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the concentration of IPA in the reaction solution at the time of the carboxymethylation reaction was changed to 50% by changing the addition amount of IPA.
- the degree of carboxymethyl substitution was 0.31, the degree of crystallinity of cellulose type I was 66%, and the effective utilization of the carboxymethylating agent was 37%. It was 0.53 meq / g when the anionization degree was measured similarly to Example 3 about the sodium salt of the obtained carboxymethylated cellulose.
- Example 5 In a twin-screw kneader whose rotational speed was adjusted to 100 rpm, 130 parts of water and 20 parts of sodium hydroxide dissolved in 100 parts of water were added, and hardwood pulp (manufactured by Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd., LBKP) at 100.degree. 100 parts by dry weight when dried for a minute were charged. The mixture was stirred at 30 ° C. for 90 minutes and mixed to prepare mercerized cellulose. Further, 100 parts of isopropanol (IPA) and 60 parts of sodium monochloroacetate were added while stirring, and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes, and then heated to 70 ° C. to perform a carboxymethylation reaction for 90 minutes.
- IPA isopropanol
- the concentration of IPA in the reaction medium at the time of carboxymethylation reaction is 30%.
- the reaction solution is neutralized with acetic acid to about pH 7, drained, dried, and pulverized to a carboxymethyl substitution degree of 0.24, cellulose I-type crystallinity of 73%, Shopper's ligra freeness 66
- the sodium salt of carboxymethylated cellulose was obtained at 7 ° SR, 106 ml of Canadian Standard Freeness, and 369 ml / 10 s of filtrated water.
- the effective utilization rate of the carboxymethylating agent was 29%.
- the methods for measuring the degree of carboxymethyl substitution, the degree of crystallinity of cellulose type I, the Shopper-Liegra freeness, the Canadian standard freeness, and the amount of drainage, and the method for calculating the effective utilization of the carboxymethylating agent are as described above. It is.
- Example 6 A sodium salt of carboxymethylated cellulose was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the concentration of IPA in the reaction solution at the time of the carboxymethylation reaction was changed to 50% by changing the addition amount of IPA.
- Degree of carboxymethyl substitution is 0.31
- degree of crystallinity of cellulose type I is 66%
- Shopper-Liegra freeness is 71.3 ° SR
- Canadian standard freeness is 85 ml
- amount of drainage is 302 ml / 10 seconds
- carboxymethylated The effective utilization rate of the agent was 37%.
- Example 7 In a twin-screw kneader whose rotational speed was adjusted to 100 rpm, 130 parts of water and 20 parts of sodium hydroxide dissolved in 100 parts of water were added, and hardwood pulp (manufactured by Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd., LBKP) at 100.degree. 100 parts by dry weight when dried for a minute were charged. The mixture was stirred at 30 ° C. for 90 minutes and mixed to prepare mercerized cellulose. Further, 100 parts of isopropanol (IPA) and 60 parts of sodium monochloroacetate were added while stirring, and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes, and then heated to 70 ° C. to perform a carboxymethylation reaction for 90 minutes.
- IPA isopropanol
- the concentration of IPA in the reaction medium at the time of carboxymethylation reaction is 30%.
- the reaction solution is neutralized with acetic acid to about pH 7, drained, dried and pulverized to give sodium salt of carboxymethylated cellulose having a degree of carboxymethyl substitution of 0.24, degree of crystallinity of cellulose I type 73%. Obtained.
- the effective utilization rate of the carboxymethylating agent was 29%, and the proportion of the filtration residue was 7%.
- the method for measuring the degree of carboxymethyl substitution and the degree of crystallinity of cellulose type I, and the method for calculating the effective utilization rate of the carboxymethylating agent and the ratio of the filtration residue are as described above.
- Example 8 A sodium salt of carboxymethylated cellulose was obtained in the same manner as in Example 7 except that the concentration of IPA in the reaction solution at the time of the carboxymethylation reaction was changed to 50% by changing the addition amount of IPA.
- the degree of carboxymethyl substitution was 0.31
- the degree of crystallinity of cellulose type I was 66%
- the effective utilization of the carboxymethylating agent was 37%
- the proportion of the filtration residue was 2%.
- Example 9 A sodium salt of carboxymethylated cellulose was obtained in the same manner as in Example 7 except that the concentration of IPA in the reaction solution at the time of the carboxymethylation reaction was changed to 65% by changing the addition amount of IPA.
- the degree of carboxymethyl substitution was 0.20
- the degree of crystallinity of cellulose type I was 74%
- the effective utilization of the carboxymethylating agent was 25%
- the proportion of the filtration residue was 3%.
- Example 4 The sodium salt of carboxymethylated cellulose was obtained in the same manner as in Example 7 except that the solvent for the mercerization reaction was changed to 10% water and 90% IPA, and the solvent having the same composition was used also for the carboxymethylation reaction.
- the degree of carboxymethyl substitution was 0.29
- the degree of crystallinity of cellulose type I was 66%
- the effective utilization of the carboxymethylating agent was 35%
- the proportion of the filtration residue was 48%.
- Example 5 The solvent for the mercerization reaction was 19% of water and 81% of IPA, and the sodium salt of carboxymethylated cellulose was obtained in the same manner as in Example 7 except that the solvent having the same composition was used also for the carboxymethylation reaction.
- the degree of carboxymethyl substitution was 0.60, the degree of crystallinity of cellulose type I was 0%, the effective utilization of the carboxymethylating agent was 67%, and the proportion of the filtration residue was 91%.
- the carboxymethylated celluloses of Examples 7 to 9 obtained by performing mercerization in a water-based solvent and performing carboxymethylation in a mixed solvent of water and an organic solvent were The percentage of filtration residue as compared to the carboxymethylated celluloses of Comparative Examples 4 and 5 (solvent method) obtained by performing both mercerization and carboxymethylation, which is a conventional method, in a solvent mainly containing an organic solvent Is significantly less (i.e., less likely to become dull when dispersed in water). Further, the carboxymethylated cellulose obtained in Comparative Examples 4 and 5 showed a state of being locally swollen by locally containing water, but the carboxymethylated cellulose obtained in Examples 7 to 9 was observed. Had formed a more homogenous dispersion.
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Abstract
Description
(1)カルボキシメチル置換度が0.50以下であり、セルロースI型の結晶化度が50%以上である、カルボキシメチル化セルロース。
(2)アニオン化度が0.00meq/g以上1.00meq/g以下である、(1)に記載のカルボキシメチル化セルロース。
(3)ショッパー・リーグラろ水度が60.0°SR以上である、(1)に記載のカルボキシメチル化セルロース。
(4)カナディアンスタンダードフリーネスが150ml以下である、(3)に記載のカルボキシメチル化セルロース。
(5)水500gにカルボキシメチル化セルロースを投入し、400rpmで5秒間撹拌した後、20メッシュのフィルターを用いて自然濾過した際のフィルター上の濾過残渣の乾燥質量が、上記水に投入したカルボキシメチル化セルロースの乾燥質量に対して0~30質量%である、(1)に記載のカルボキシメチル化セルロース。
(6)固形分1%(w/v)の水分散体とした際の粘度(30rpm、25℃)が、10.0mPa・s以下である、(1)に記載のカルボキシメチル化セルロース。
(7)セルロースを構成するグルコース残基中の水酸基の一部に、カルボキシメチル基がエーテル結合した構造を有する、(1)~(6)のいずれか1項に記載のカルボキシメチル化セルロース。
本発明は、カルボキシメチル化セルロースに関する。カルボキシメチル化セルロースは、セルロースを構成するグルコース残基中の水酸基の一部がカルボキシメチル基とエーテル結合した構造を有する。カルボキシメチル化セルロースは、塩の形態をとる場合もあり、本発明のカルボキシメチル化セルロースには、カルボキシメチル化セルロースの塩も含まれるものとする。カルボキシメチル化セルロースの塩としては、例えばカルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム塩などの金属塩などが挙げられる。
本発明のカルボキシメチル化セルロースは、セルロースの無水グルコース単位当たりのカルボキシメチル置換度が0.50以下であり、好ましくは0.40以下である。当該置換度が0.50を超えると水への溶解が起こりやすくなり、水中で繊維形態を維持できなくなり、保形性付与等の効果が低減する可能性がある。カルボキシメチル化セルロースによる保形性や吸水性付与等の効果を得るためには、一定程度のカルボキシメチル置換度を有することは必要であり、例えば、カルボキシメチル置換度が0.02より小さいと、用途によっては、カルボキシメチル基を導入したことによる利点が得られない場合がある。したがって、カルボキシメチル置換度は、0.02以上であることが好ましく、0.05以上であることが更に好ましく、0.10以上であることが更に好ましく、0.15以上であることが更に好ましく、0.20以上であることが更に好ましく、0.25以上であることが更に好ましい。なお、特に、カルボキシメチル置換度が0.20以上0.50以下の範囲では、後述するセルロースI型の結晶化度が50%以上であるカルボキシメチル化セルロースを得ること自体が特に従来の水媒法では困難であったが、本発明者らは、例えば後述する製法により、カルボキシメチル置換度0.20以上0.50以下であり、セルロースI型の結晶化度が50%以上であり、品質の安定した(低粘度の分散体を与える、及び/またはアニオン化度の絶対値が小さい)、塊の形成されにくいカルボキシメチル化セルロースを製造できることを見出した。カルボキシメチル置換度は、反応させるカルボキシメチル化剤の添加量、マーセル化剤の量、水と有機溶媒の組成比率をコントロールすること等によって調整することができる。
試料約2.0gを精秤して、300mL共栓付き三角フラスコに入れる。硝酸メタノール1000mLに特級濃硝酸100mLを加えた液100mLを加え、3時間振盪して、カルボキシメチル化セルロースの塩(CMC)をH-CMC(水素型カルボキシメチル化セルロース)に変換する。その絶乾H-CMCを1.5~2.0g精秤し、300mL共栓付き三角フラスコに入れる。80%メタノール15mLでH-CMCを湿潤し、0.1N-NaOHを100mL加え、室温で3時間振盪する。指示薬として、フェノールフタレインを用いて、0.1N-H2SO4で過剰のNaOHを逆滴定し、次式によってカルボキシメチル置換度(DS値)を算出する。
A=[(100×F'-0.1N-H2SO4(mL)×F)×0.1]/(H-CMCの絶乾質量(g))
カルボキシメチル置換度=0.162×A/(1-0.058×A)
F':0.1N-H2SO4のファクター
F:0.1N-NaOHのファクター。
本発明のカルボキシメチル化セルロース繊維におけるセルロースの結晶化度は、結晶I型が50%以上であり、60%以上であることがより好ましい。結晶性を上記範囲に調整することにより、カルボキシメチル化セルロースによる保形性付与等の効果が高く得られるようになる。セルロースの結晶性は、マーセル化剤の濃度と処理時の温度、並びにカルボキシメチル化の度合によって制御できる。マーセル化及びカルボキシメチル化においては高濃度のアルカリが使用されるために、セルロースのI型結晶がII型に変換されやすいが、アルカリ(マーセル化剤)の使用量を調整するなどして変性の度合いを調整することによって、所望の結晶性を維持させることができる。セルロースI型の結晶化度の上限は特に限定されない。現実的には90%程度が上限となると考えられる。
試料をガラスセルに乗せ、X線回折測定装置(LabX XRD-6000、島津製作所製)を用いて測定する。結晶化度の算出はSegal等の手法を用いて行い、X線回折図の2θ=10°~30°の回折強度をベースラインとして、2θ=22.6°の002面の回折強度と2θ=18.5°のアモルファス部分の回折強度から次式により算出する。
Xc = (I002c ― Ia) / I002c × 100
Xc=セルロースのI型の結晶化度(%)
I002c:2θ=22.6°、002面の回折強度
Ia:2θ=18.5°、アモルファス部分の回折強度。
カルボキシメチル化セルロースは、アニオン化度(アニオン電荷密度ともいう。)が0.00meq/g以上1.00meq/g以下であることが好ましい。本発明において、アニオン化度の測定方法は、以下の通りである:
カルボキシメチル化セルロースを水に分散し、固形分10g/Lの水分散体を調製し、マグネチックスターラーを用い一昼夜1000rpmにて撹拌する。得られたスラリーを0.1g/Lに希釈後、10ml採取し、流動電流検出器(Mutek Particle Charge Detector 03)用い、1/1000規定度のジアリルジメチルアンモニウムクロリド(DADMAC)で滴定して、流動電流がゼロになるまでのDADMACの添加量を用い、以下の式によりアニオン化度を算出する:
q=(V×c)/m
q:アニオン化度(meq/g)
V:流動電流がゼロになるまでのDADMACの添加量(L)
c:DADMACの濃度(meq/L)
m:測定試料中のカルボキシメチル化セルロースの質量(g)。
カルボキシメチル化セルロースは、ショッパー・リーグラろ水度が60.0°SR以上が好ましい。本発明において、ショッパー・リーグラろ水度の測定方法は、JISP 82121-1:2012に準じるものとし、具体的には、以下の通りである:
カルボキシメチル化セルロースを水に分散し、固形分10g/Lの水分散体を調製し、マグネチックスターラーを用い一昼夜1000rpmにて撹拌する。得られたスラリーを1g/Lに希釈する。ミューテック社製DFR-04に60メッシュスクリーン(ワイヤー太さ0.17mm)をセットし、1000mlの検液から、上記メッシュを通過する液量を60秒間計測し、JISP 8121-1:2012に準じた方法で、ショッパー・リーグラろ水度を算出する。
カルボキシメチル化セルロースは、カナディアンスタンダードフリーネス(カナダ標準濾水度)が150ml以下であることが好ましく、120ml以下がより好ましく、110ml以下がさらに好ましい。カナディアンスタンダードフリーネスは、繊維の懸濁液の水切れの程度を測定するものであり、値が小さいほど水切れ(排水量)が少ないことを示し、すなわち、繊維の保水性が高いことを示す。カナディアンスタンダードフリーネスの測定方法は、以下の通りである:
前述したショッパー・リーグラろ水度と同様の方法で試料を調製し、ミューテック社製DFR-04に60メッシュスクリーン(ワイヤー太さ0.17mm)をセットし、1000mlの検液から、上記メッシュを通過する液量を60秒間計測し、JISP 8121-2:2012に準じた方法で、カナディアンスタンダードフリーネスを算出する。
本発明のカルボキシメチル化セルロースは、濾水量が400ml以下であることが好ましく、380ml以下がより好ましく、370ml以下がさらに好ましい。濾水量は、繊維の懸濁液の水切れの程度を測定するものであり、値が小さいほど水切れ(排水量)が少ないことを示し、すなわち、繊維の保水性が高いことを示す。濾水量の測定方法は、以下の通りである:
前述したショッパー・リーグラろ水度と同様の方法で試料を調整し、ミューテック社製DFR-04に60メッシュスクリーン(ワイヤー太さ0.17mm)をセットし、1000mlの検液から、上記メッシュを通過する液量を60秒間計測し、濾水量を算出する。
カルボキシメチル化セルロースは、水を分散媒として分散体としたときに(水分散体)、塊の形成が少ない(すなわち、濾過残渣を形成する割合が少ない)ことが好ましい。具体的には、水500gにカルボキシメチル化セルロースを投入し、400rpmで5秒間撹拌した後、20メッシュのフィルターを用いて自然濾過した際のフィルター上の濾過残渣の乾燥質量が、水に投入したカルボキシメチル化セルロースの乾燥質量に対して、0~30質量%であることが好ましい(本明細書において、上記の方法で算出される水に投入したカルボキシメチル化セルロースの乾燥質量に対する自然濾過後の濾過残渣の乾燥質量の割合を、「濾過残渣の割合」と呼ぶ。)。本発明において、濾過残渣の割合の測定方法は、以下の通りである:
(1)濾過残渣の量の測定
1Lのビーカーに500gの水を採取する。カルボキシメチル化セルロース5gを分取し、質量を記録する(カルボキシメチル化セルロースの質量)。撹拌器(IKA(登録商標)EUROSTAR P CV S1(IKA社製))に撹拌羽をセットし、400rpmで水を撹拌しておく。質量を記録しておいたカルボキシメチル化セルロースを、撹拌している水中に一気に投入し、投入後5秒間撹拌する。撹拌終了後、撹拌器の電源を切る。撹拌終了後、迅速に、あらかじめ質量を測定しておいた20メッシュのフィルターを用いて自然濾過を行う。自然濾過後、フィルターとその上の残渣をともに、バット上で100℃で2時間乾燥させる。フィルターとその上の残渣の質量を測定し、フィルターの質量を差し引くことで残渣の絶乾質量(g)を計算する(絶乾残渣質量)。
(2)カルボキシメチル化セルロースの水分量の計算
秤量瓶を100℃で2時間加熱し、シリカゲルの入ったデシケーター内で冷却し、秤量瓶の絶乾質量を精秤する(絶乾秤量瓶質量)。カルボキシメチル化セルロースを秤量瓶中に約1.5g量り取り、精秤する(乾燥前CMC質量)。秤量瓶のふたを開け、105℃で2時間加熱乾燥する。秤量瓶のふたを閉め、シリカゲルの入ったデシケーター内で15分間冷却する。乾燥後の秤量瓶質量(乾燥後のカルボキシメチル化セルロースを含む)を精秤する(乾燥後CMC入り秤量瓶質量)。以下の式を用いて、カルボキシメチル化セルロースの水分量を計算する:
カルボキシメチル化セルロースの水分(%)=[{乾燥前CMC質量(g)-(乾燥後CMC入り秤量瓶質量(g)-絶乾秤量瓶質量(g))}/乾燥前CMC質量(g)]×100。
(3)濾過残渣の割合の計算
(1)で測定したカルボキシメチル化セルロースの質量(g)及び絶乾残渣質量(g)、ならびに(2)で計算したカルボキシメチル化セルロースの水分(%)を用いて、以下の式により、カルボキシメチル化セルロースの濾過残渣の割合を計算する:
カルボキシメチル化セルロースの濾過残渣の割合(%)=[絶乾残渣質量(g)/{カルボキシメチル化セルロースの質量(g)×(100-カルボキシメチル化セルロースの水分(%))/100}]×100。
カルボキシメチル化セルロースは、水を分散媒として分散体としたときに(水分散体)、低い粘度を示すことが好ましい。本発明において、粘度の測定方法は、以下の通りである:
カルボキシメチル化セルロースを1000ml容ガラスビーカーに測りとり、蒸留水900mlに分散し、固形分1%(w/v)となるように水分散体を調製する。水分散体を25℃で撹拌機を用いて600rpmで3時間撹拌する。その後、JIS-Z-8803の方法に準じて、B型粘度計(東機産業社製)を用いて、No.1ローター/回転数30rpmで3分後の粘度を測定する。
カルボキシメチル化セルロースは、製造後に得られる分散体の状態であってもよいが、必要に応じて乾燥してもよく、また水に再分散してもよい。乾燥方法は限定されないが、例えば凍結乾燥法、噴霧乾燥法、棚段式乾燥法、ドラム乾燥法、ベルト乾燥法、ガラス板等に薄く伸展し乾燥する方法、流動床乾燥法、マイクロウェーブ乾燥法、起熱ファン式減圧乾燥法などの既知の方法を使用できる。乾燥後に必要に応じて、カッターミル、ハンマーミル、ピンミル、ジェットミル等で粉砕しても良い。また、水への再分散の方法も特に限定されず、既知の分散装置を使用することができる。
カルボキシメチル化セルロースは、一般に、セルロースをアルカリで処理(マーセル化)した後、得られたマーセル化セルロース(アルカリセルロースともいう。)を、カルボキシメチル化剤(エーテル化剤ともいう。)と反応させることにより製造することができる。
本発明においてセルロースとは、D-グルコピラノース(単に「グルコース残基」、「無水グルコース」ともいう。)がβ-1,4結合で連なった構造の多糖を意味する。セルロースは、一般に起源、製法等から、天然セルロース、再生セルロース、微細セルロース、非結晶領域を除いた微結晶セルロース等に分類される。本発明では、これらのセルロースのいずれも、マーセル化セルロースの原料として用いることができるが、カルボキシメチル化セルロースにおいて50%以上のセルロースI型の結晶化度を維持するためには、セルロースI型の結晶化度が高いセルロースを原料として用いることが好ましい。原料となるセルロースのセルロースI型の結晶化度は、好ましくは、70%以上であり、さらに好ましくは80%以上である。セルロースI型の結晶化度の測定方法は、上述した通りである。
原料として前述のセルロースを用い、マーセル化剤(アルカリ)を添加することによりマーセル化セルロース(アルカリセルロースともいう。)を得る。本明細書に記載の方法にしたがって、このマーセル化反応における溶媒に水を主として用い、次のカルボキシメチル化の際に有機溶媒と水との混合溶媒を使用することにより、本発明のカルボキシメチル化セルロースを経済的に得ることができる。こうして得られたカルボキシメチル化セルロースは、水分散体としたときに低い粘度を示す。また、こうして得られたカルボキシメチル化セルロースは、アニオン化度の絶対値が小さい。また、こうして得られたカルボキシメチル化セルロースは、ショッパー・リーグラろ水度が高い。また、こうして得られたカルボキシメチル化セルロースは、水分散体としたときに塊の形成が少ない(すなわち、濾過残渣を生じる割合が少ない)。
マーセル化セルロースに対し、カルボキシメチル化剤(エーテル化剤ともいう。)を添加することにより、カルボキシメチル化セルロースを得る。本明細書に記載の方法にしたがって、マーセル化の際は水を主とする溶媒として用い、カルボキシメチル化の際には水と有機溶媒との混合溶媒を用いることにより、本発明のカルボキシメチル化セルロースを経済的に得ることができる。こうして得られたカルボキシメチル化セルロースは、水分散体としたときに低い粘度を示す。また、こうして得られたカルボキシメチル化セルロースは、アニオン化度の絶対値が小さい。また、こうして得られたカルボキシメチル化セルロースは、ショッパー・リーグラろ水度が高い。また、こうして得られたカルボキシメチル化セルロースは、水分散体としたときに塊の形成が少ない(すなわち、濾過残渣を生じる割合が少ない)。
AM = (DS × セルロースのモル数)/ カルボキシメチル化剤のモル数
DS: カルボキシメチル置換度(測定方法は後述する)
セルロースのモル数:パルプ質量(100℃で60分間乾燥した際の乾燥質量)/162
(162はセルロースのグルコース単位当たりの分子量)。
回転数を100rpmに調節した二軸ニーダーに、水130部と、水酸化ナトリウム20部を水100部に溶解したものとを加え、広葉樹パルプ(日本製紙(株)製、LBKP)を100℃60分間乾燥した際の乾燥質量で100部仕込んだ。30℃で90分間撹拌、混合しマーセル化セルロースを調製した。更に撹拌しつつイソプロパノール(IPA)100部と、モノクロロ酢酸ナトリウム60部を添加し、30分間撹拌した後、70℃に昇温して90分間カルボキシメチル化反応をさせた。カルボキシメチル化反応時の反応媒中のIPAの濃度は、30%である。反応終了後、酢酸でpH7程度になるよう中和し、脱液、乾燥、粉砕して、カルボキシメチル置換度0.24、セルロースI型の結晶化度73%のカルボキシメチル化セルロースのナトリウム塩を得た。カルボキシメチル化剤の有効利用率は、29%であった。なお、カルボキシメチル置換度及びセルロースI型の結晶化度の測定方法、ならびにカルボキシメチル化剤の有効利用率の算出方法は、上述の通りである。
得られたカルボキシメチル化セルロースのナトリウム塩を水に分散し、1%(w/v)水分散体とした。これについて、上述の方法で粘度を測定したところ、5.6mPa・sであった。
IPAの添加量を変えることによりカルボキシメチル化反応時の反応液中のIPAの濃度を50%とした以外は実施例1と同様にして、カルボキシメチル化セルロースのナトリウム塩を得た。カルボキシメチル置換度は0.31、セルロースI型の結晶化度は66%、カルボキシメチル化剤の有効利用率は37%であった。得られたカルボキシメチル化セルロースのナトリウム塩を固形分1%(w/v)の水分散体とし、実施例1と同様に粘度を測定したところ、5.6mPa・sであった。
マーセル化反応時の溶媒を水10%、IPA90%とし、カルボキシメチル化反応時にも同じ組成の溶媒を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして、カルボキシメチル化セルロースのナトリウム塩を得た。カルボキシメチル置換度は0.29、セルロースI型の結晶化度は66%、カルボキシメチル化剤の有効利用率は35%であった。得られたカルボキシメチル化セルロースのナトリウム塩を固形分1%(w/v)の水分散体とし、実施例1と同様に粘度を測定したところ、14.4mPa・sであった。
回転数を100rpmに調節した二軸ニーダーに、水130部と、水酸化ナトリウム20部を水100部に溶解したものとを加え、広葉樹パルプ(日本製紙(株)製、LBKP)を100℃60分間乾燥した際の乾燥質量で100部仕込んだ。30℃で90分間撹拌、混合しマーセル化セルロースを調製した。更に撹拌しつつイソプロパノール(IPA)100部と、モノクロロ酢酸ナトリウム60部を添加し、30分間撹拌した後、70℃に昇温して90分間カルボキシメチル化反応をさせた。カルボキシメチル化反応時の反応媒中のIPAの濃度は、30%である。反応終了後、酢酸でpH7程度になるよう中和し、脱液、乾燥、粉砕して、カルボキシメチル置換度0.24、セルロースI型の結晶化度73%のカルボキシメチル化セルロースのナトリウム塩を得た。カルボキシメチル化剤の有効利用率は、29%であった。なお、カルボキシメチル置換度及びセルロースI型の結晶化度の測定方法、ならびにカルボキシメチル化剤の有効利用率の算出方法は、上述の通りである。
得られたカルボキシメチル化セルロースのナトリウム塩について、上述の方法でアニオン化度を測定したところ、0.32meq/gであった。
IPAの添加量を変えることによりカルボキシメチル化反応時の反応液中のIPAの濃度を50%とした以外は実施例3と同様にして、カルボキシメチル化セルロースのナトリウム塩を得た。カルボキシメチル置換度は0.31、セルロースI型の結晶化度は66%、カルボキシメチル化剤の有効利用率は37%であった。得られたカルボキシメチル化セルロースのナトリウム塩について、実施例3と同様にアニオン化度を測定したところ、0.53meq/gであった。
マーセル化反応時の溶媒を水10%、IPA90%とし、カルボキシメチル化反応時にも同じ組成の溶媒を用いた以外は実施例3と同様にして、カルボキシメチル化セルロースのナトリウム塩を得た。カルボキシメチル置換度は0.29、セルロースI型の結晶化度は66%、カルボキシメチル化剤の有効利用率は35%であった。得られたカルボキシメチル化セルロースのナトリウム塩について、実施例3と同様にアニオン化度を測定したところ、1.10meq/gであった。
回転数を100rpmに調節した二軸ニーダーに、水130部と、水酸化ナトリウム20部を水100部に溶解したものとを加え、広葉樹パルプ(日本製紙(株)製、LBKP)を100℃60分間乾燥した際の乾燥質量で100部仕込んだ。30℃で90分間撹拌、混合しマーセル化セルロースを調製した。更に撹拌しつつイソプロパノール(IPA)100部と、モノクロロ酢酸ナトリウム60部を添加し、30分間撹拌した後、70℃に昇温して90分間カルボキシメチル化反応をさせた。カルボキシメチル化反応時の反応媒中のIPAの濃度は、30%である。反応終了後、酢酸でpH7程度となるように中和し、脱液、乾燥、粉砕して、カルボキシメチル置換度0.24、セルロースI型の結晶化度73%、ショッパー・リーグラろ水度66.7°SR、カナディアンスタンダードフリーネス106ml、濾水量369ml/10秒のカルボキシメチル化セルロースのナトリウム塩を得た。カルボキシメチル化剤の有効利用率は、29%であった。なお、カルボキシメチル置換度、セルロースI型の結晶化度、ショッパー・リーグラろ水度、カナディアンスタンダードフリーネス、及び濾水量の測定方法、ならびにカルボキシメチル化剤の有効利用率の算出方法は、上述の通りである。
IPAの添加量を変えることによりカルボキシメチル化反応時の反応液中のIPAの濃度を50%とした以外は実施例5と同様にして、カルボキシメチル化セルロースのナトリウム塩を得た。カルボキシメチル置換度は0.31、セルロースI型の結晶化度は66%、ショッパー・リーグラろ水度は71.3°SR、カナディアンスタンダードフリーネスは85ml、濾水量は302ml/10秒、カルボキシメチル化剤の有効利用率は37%であった。
マーセル化反応時の溶媒を水10%、IPA90%とし、カルボキシメチル化反応時にも同じ組成の溶媒を用いた以外は実施例5と同様にして、カルボキシメチル化セルロースのナトリウム塩を得た。カルボキシメチル置換度は0.29、セルロースI型の結晶化度は66%、ショッパー・リーグラろ水度は57.7°SR、カナディアンスタンダードフリーネスは157ml、濾水量は447ml/10秒、カルボキシメチル化剤の有効利用率は35%であった。
回転数を100rpmに調節した二軸ニーダーに、水130部と、水酸化ナトリウム20部を水100部に溶解したものとを加え、広葉樹パルプ(日本製紙(株)製、LBKP)を100℃60分間乾燥した際の乾燥質量で100部仕込んだ。30℃で90分間撹拌、混合しマーセル化セルロースを調製した。更に撹拌しつつイソプロパノール(IPA)100部と、モノクロロ酢酸ナトリウム60部を添加し、30分間撹拌した後、70℃に昇温して90分間カルボキシメチル化反応をさせた。カルボキシメチル化反応時の反応媒中のIPAの濃度は、30%である。反応終了後、酢酸でpH7程度になるよう中和し、脱液、乾燥、粉砕して、カルボキシメチル置換度0.24、セルロースI型の結晶化度73%のカルボキシメチル化セルロースのナトリウム塩を得た。カルボキシメチル化剤の有効利用率は、29%であり、濾過残渣の割合は7%であった。なお、カルボキシメチル置換度及びセルロースI型の結晶化度の測定方法、ならびにカルボキシメチル化剤の有効利用率及び濾過残渣の割合の算出方法は、上述の通りである。
IPAの添加量を変えることによりカルボキシメチル化反応時の反応液中のIPAの濃度を50%とした以外は実施例7と同様にして、カルボキシメチル化セルロースのナトリウム塩を得た。カルボキシメチル置換度は0.31、セルロースI型の結晶化度は66%、カルボキシメチル化剤の有効利用率は37%、濾過残渣の割合は2%であった。
IPAの添加量を変えることによりカルボキシメチル化反応時の反応液中のIPAの濃度を65%とした以外は実施例7と同様にして、カルボキシメチル化セルロースのナトリウム塩を得た。カルボキシメチル置換度は0.20、セルロースI型の結晶化度は74%、カルボキシメチル化剤の有効利用率は25%、濾過残渣の割合は3%であった。
マーセル化反応時の溶媒を水10%、IPA90%とし、カルボキシメチル化反応時にも同じ組成の溶媒を用いた以外は実施例7と同様にして、カルボキシメチル化セルロースのナトリウム塩を得た。カルボキシメチル置換度は0.29、セルロースI型の結晶化度は66%、カルボキシメチル化剤の有効利用率は35%、濾過残渣の割合は48%であった。
マーセル化反応時の溶媒を水19%、IPA81%とし、カルボキシメチル化反応時にも同じ組成の溶媒を用いた以外は実施例7と同様にして、カルボキシメチル化セルロースのナトリウム塩を得た。カルボキシメチル置換度は0.60、セルロースI型の結晶化度は0%、カルボキシメチル化剤の有効利用率は67%、濾過残渣の割合は91%であった。
Claims (7)
- カルボキシメチル置換度が0.50以下であり、セルロースI型の結晶化度が50%以上である、カルボキシメチル化セルロース。
- アニオン化度が0.00meq/g以上1.00meq/g以下である、請求項1に記載のカルボキシメチル化セルロース。
- ショッパー・リーグラろ水度が60.0°SR以上である、請求項1に記載のカルボキシメチル化セルロース。
- カナディアンスタンダードフリーネスが150ml以下である、請求項3に記載のカルボキシメチル化セルロース。
- 水500gにカルボキシメチル化セルロースを投入し、400rpmで5秒間撹拌した後、20メッシュのフィルターを用いて自然濾過した際のフィルター上の濾過残渣の乾燥質量が、上記水に投入したカルボキシメチル化セルロースの乾燥質量に対して0~30質量%である、請求項1に記載のカルボキシメチル化セルロース。
- 固形分1%(w/v)の水分散体とした際の粘度(30rpm、25℃)が、10.0mPa・s以下である、請求項1に記載のカルボキシメチル化セルロース。
- セルロースを構成するグルコース残基中の水酸基の一部に、カルボキシメチル基がエーテル結合した構造を有する、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のカルボキシメチル化セルロース。
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