WO2018218907A1 - 一种优化pcie连接器区域信号质量的设计方法 - Google Patents

一种优化pcie连接器区域信号质量的设计方法 Download PDF

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WO2018218907A1
WO2018218907A1 PCT/CN2017/113859 CN2017113859W WO2018218907A1 WO 2018218907 A1 WO2018218907 A1 WO 2018218907A1 CN 2017113859 W CN2017113859 W CN 2017113859W WO 2018218907 A1 WO2018218907 A1 WO 2018218907A1
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model
reference layer
impedance
compensation
signal quality
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孙龙
张长林
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郑州云海信息技术有限公司
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K3/00Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
    • H05K3/0005Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits for designing circuits by computer
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K2201/00Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
    • H05K2201/09Shape and layout
    • H05K2201/09209Shape and layout details of conductors
    • H05K2201/09654Shape and layout details of conductors covering at least two types of conductors provided for in H05K2201/09218 - H05K2201/095
    • H05K2201/09672Superposed layout, i.e. in different planes

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  • the present application relates to the field of PCB design technology, and in particular to a design method for optimizing the signal quality of a PCIE connector region.
  • PCB (Printed Circuit Board) traces have their own required characteristic impedance values.
  • the characteristic impedance of a single-ended signal is 50 ohms
  • the characteristic impedance of a PCIE Gen3 signal is 85 ohms
  • the characteristic impedance of a SATA signal is 100 ohms.
  • the characteristic impedance of the DDR4 signal is 40 ohms and the like.
  • the transmission line impedance calculation formula Where ⁇ r is the dielectric constant of the medium, H is the distance to the reference layer, W is the line width, and T is the copper thickness of the transmission line. From the impedance calculation formula, the impedance value is proportional to H, that is, the transmission line is away from the reference plane (also called The farther the return path is, the larger its value.
  • Z 1 is the impedance value after the reflection interface
  • Z 0 is the impedance value before the reflection interface
  • some energy will be reflected back at the impedance mutation interface, and the remaining capacity continues to propagate forward, which not only causes unnecessary consumption of energy, but also significantly, it will bring inter-symbol interference, that is, the part of the reflected energy will be superimposed on the subsequent signal, as shown in Figure 1.
  • the signal energy is seriously attenuated. If there is reflection superposition, the bit error rate will increase.
  • the connector is shown on the PCB as a series of PTH (Plating Through Hole) 10, as shown in Figure 2, the upper and lower rows of respectively sinking copper holes 10 are used for sending Signal and receive signal, in order to ensure the impedance at the pin (Pin) continuously need to dig away the other layers of copper, as shown in Figure 3, the black cavity part 20, affected by the size of the stitch spacing, the signal passing through the lower differential pin is bound to have Some of them have no reference, as in the box position 30 in Fig. 3, at this time, the impedance discontinuity point appears.
  • PTH Platinum Through Hole
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a design method for optimizing the signal quality of a PCIE connector region, which not only satisfies the impedance consistency at the pin but also compensates for the steep rise of the impedance at the threading position, and is a compromise between two impedance mismatches. Design method.
  • a design method for optimizing the signal quality of a PCIE connector region comprising the following steps:
  • step S2 the line width and the line spacing of the specific signal trace are calculated according to the stack and the design impedance.
  • the specific steps are to calculate the line width and line of the corresponding impedance according to the reference layer thickness, the reference layer dielectric constant value, and the standard impedance value. distance.
  • step S3 the reference layer compensation pre-stitch model is extracted by using the via model extraction software, and the difference line model before the reference layer compensation is extracted by the trace model extraction software.
  • step S5 the reference layer compensated stitch model is extracted by using the via model extraction software, and the reference line compensated difference line model is extracted by the trace model extraction software.
  • the optimal compensation is specifically a reference layer compensation scheme such that the impedance at the connector has continuity, that is, the entire path is to maintain the impedance consistent.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that the invention walks in the middle of the two pins at the high-speed wire piercing pin, and the reference layer is compensated for the position where the reference layer is missing due to the tunneling, thereby eliminating the sharp rise of the impedance of the pin-shaped transmission line.
  • the problem is to ensure impedance continuity.
  • the invention can effectively improve the signal reflection problem caused by the discontinuity of the impedance and improve the signal quality.
  • the invention can be widely applied to the position line of the high-speed line connector, and is a method for designing the board trace with good compatibility.
  • 1 is a schematic diagram of energy superposition of reflected signal of impedance mutation interface
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a connector on a PCB
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of a portion of the copper layer of the reference layer excavated for ensuring impedance continuity at the pin;
  • Figure 4 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the reference layer after compensation
  • Figure 6 is an impedance curve without compensation
  • Figure 7 shows the impedance curve after compensation.
  • a design method for optimizing signal quality of a PCIE connector region includes the following steps:
  • the through-hole model extraction software may be used to extract the reference layer pre-compensation pin model, and the reference layer compensation pre-difference line model is extracted by using the trace model extraction software;
  • the reference layer compensation is performed according to the routing condition. As shown in FIG. 5, the high-speed line wears the pin 40 and walks in the middle position of the two pins, and the reference layer is compensated for the position where the reference layer is missing due to the tunneling.
  • the via model extraction software may be, for example, viawizard, and the trace model extraction software may be, for example, an IMLC.
  • S6 Perform simulation, compare the impedance difference before and after the reference layer compensation, and select the optimal compensation size as the final design.
  • the optimal compensation is specifically the reference layer compensation scheme, so that the impedance at the connector has continuity, that is, the whole path needs to maintain the impedance. Consistent.
  • the tool used for simulation in this step can be, for example, HSPICE.
  • the impedance simulation results are compared as shown in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7.
  • the impedance curves are not compensated and compensated respectively. It can be seen that in the example where no compensation is performed, the impedance values before and after the interface are 82.1 and 80.8, respectively. In the latter example, the impedance values before and after the interface are 82 and 83.3, respectively, and the impedance values after compensation are closer, and the continuity of the impedance is improved.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)
  • Production Of Multi-Layered Print Wiring Board (AREA)

Abstract

一种优化PCIE连接器区域信号质量的设计方法,包括以下步骤:S1、根据走线层数要求和板厚要求设计叠层;S2、根据叠层及设计阻抗计算具体信号走线的线宽线距;S3、提取参考层补偿前针脚模型和差分线模型;S4、根据走线情况进行参考层补偿;S5、提取参考层补偿后针脚模型和差分线模型;S6、进行仿真,比对参考层补偿前后阻抗差异,选择最优的补偿大小作为最后设计。有效改善信号因阻抗不连续带来的反射问题,提升信号质量;可广泛应用于高速线连接器位置走线,是一种兼顾性较好的板上走线设计方法。

Description

一种优化PCIE连接器区域信号质量的设计方法
本申请要求于2017年05月31日提交中国专利局、申请号为201710399554.7、发明名称为“一种优化PCIE连接器区域信号质量的设计方法”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及PCB设计技术领域,尤其是一种优化PCIE连接器区域信号质量的设计方法。
背景技术
PCB(Printed Circuit Board,印刷电路板)板上走线都有各自要求的特性阻抗值,例如单端信号的特性阻抗为50ohm,PCIE Gen3信号的特性阻抗为85ohm,SATA信号的特性阻抗为100ohm,DDR4信号的特性阻抗为40ohm等。
传输路径上的阻抗不连续是影响信号质量的一个重要因素,传输线阻抗计算公式:
Figure PCTCN2017113859-appb-000001
其中εr为介质介电常数,H为到参考层距离,W为线宽,T为传输线铜厚,从阻抗计算公式可知:阻抗值与H成正比,也就是说传输线距离参考平面(也称回流路径)越远,其值越大。
信号反射定量分析公式:
Figure PCTCN2017113859-appb-000002
其中,Z1为反射界面后的阻抗值,Z0为反射界面之前的阻抗值,在阻抗突变界面有一部分能量会反射回来,剩余能力继续往前传播,这不仅会造成能量的无谓消耗,更严重的是会带来码间干扰,也就是说反射的那部分能量会叠加到后来的信号上,如图1所示。 尤其是长距离传输后信号能量衰减严重,此时若存在反射叠加,会造成误码率提升。
通过以上分析得知,如果不能保证传输线路径上的阻抗一致性,在接收端接收到的信号质量会变差,以PCIE(Peripheral Component Interconnect Express)信号为例,连接器区域是信号路径上的不连续点,此处的处理尤其重要,连接器在PCB上的表现为几排沉铜孔(PTH,Plating Through Hole)10,如图2所示,上下两排分别沉铜孔10分别用于发送信号和接收信号,为了保证入针脚(Pin)处阻抗连续需要挖掉其他各层铜皮,如图3中黑色空洞部分20,受到针脚间距的尺寸影响,穿过下层差分针脚的信号势必会有一部分没有参考,如图3中方框位置30,此时,阻抗不连续点就出现了。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种优化PCIE连接器区域信号质量的设计方法,既满足了入pin处的阻抗一致性,又补偿了穿线位置的阻抗陡升问题,是一种兼顾两处阻抗失配的设计方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用下述技术方案:
一种优化PCIE连接器区域信号质量的设计方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、根据走线层数要求和板厚要求设计叠层;
S2、根据叠层及设计阻抗计算具体信号走线的线宽线距;
S3、提取参考层补偿前针脚模型和差分线模型;
S4、根据走线情况进行参考层补偿;
S5、提取参考层补偿后针脚模型和差分线模型;
S6、进行仿真,比对参考层补偿前后阻抗差异,选择最优的补偿大小作为最后设计。
进一步地,步骤S2中,根据叠层及设计阻抗计算具体信号走线的线宽线距具体步骤为根据参考层厚度、参考层介质介电常数值、标准阻抗值计算对应阻抗的线宽和线距。
进一步地,步骤S3中,利用过孔模型提取软件提取参考层补偿前针脚模型,利用走线模型提取软件提取参考层补偿前的差分线模型。
进一步地,步骤S5中,利用过孔模型提取软件提取参考层补偿后针脚模型,利用走线模型提取软件提取参考层补偿后的差分线模型。
进一步地,步骤S6中,最优的补偿具体为参考层补偿方案使得连接器处阻抗具有连续性,也就是整路径要保持阻抗一致。
本发明的有益效果是,本发明在高速线穿pin处走线走在两个pin中间位置,因挖洞造成参考层缺失的位置进行参考层补偿,这样就消除了穿pin传输线的阻抗陡升问题,可保证阻抗连续性。有效改善信号因阻抗不连续带来的反射问题,提升信号质量;本发明可广泛应用于高速线连接器位置走线,是一种兼顾性较好的板上走线设计方法。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据提供的附图获得其他的附图。
图1是阻抗突变界面反射信号能量叠加示意图;
图2是PCB上连接器示意图;
图3是为保证入pin处阻抗连续性挖掉部分参考层铜皮示意图;
图4是本发明方法流程图;
图5是参考层补偿后示意图;
图6为未进行补偿的阻抗曲线;
图7为进行补偿后阻抗曲线。
具体实施方式
为能清楚说明本方案的技术特点,下面通过具体实施方式,并结合其附图,对本发明进行详细阐述。下文的公开提供了许多不同的实施例或例子用来实现本发明的不同结构。为了简化本发明的公开,下文中对特定例子的部件和设置进行描述。此外,本发明可以在不同例子中重复参考数字和/或字母。这种重复是为了简化和清楚的目的,其本身不指示所讨论各种实施例和/或设 置之间的关系。应当注意,在附图中所图示的部件不一定按比例绘制。本发明省略了对公知组件和处理技术及工艺的描述以避免不必要地限制本发明。
如图4所示,一种优化PCIE连接器区域信号质量的设计方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、根据走线层数要求和板厚要求设计叠层;
S2、可以根据参考层厚度、参考层介质介电常数值、标准阻抗值计算对应阻抗的线宽和线距;
S3、可以利用过孔模型提取软件提取参考层补偿前针脚(pin)模型,利用走线模型提取软件提取参考层补偿前差分线模型;
S4、根据走线情况进行参考层补偿,如图5所示,在高速线穿pin处走线40走在两个pin中间位置,因挖洞造成参考层缺失的位置进行参考层补偿。
S5、利用过孔模型提取软件提取参考层补偿后针脚模型,利用走线模型提取软件提取参考层补偿后的差分线模型;
在步骤S3和S5中,过孔模型提取软件例如可以为viawizard,走线模型提取软件例如可以为IMLC。
S6、进行仿真,比对参考层补偿前后阻抗差异,选择最优的补偿大小作为最后设计,最优的补偿具体为参考层补偿方案使得连接器处阻抗具有连续性,也就是整路径要保持阻抗一致。该步骤中仿真用的工具例如可以为HSPICE。
阻抗仿真结果对比如图6、图7所示,分别为未进行补偿和进行补偿后的阻抗曲线示意图,可以看到未进行补偿的示例中,界面前后的阻抗值分别为82.1和80.8,进行补偿之后的示例中,界面前后的阻抗值分别为82和83.3,补偿之后的阻抗值更为接近,阻抗的连续性得到了改善。
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述,每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处,各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。对于实施例公开的装置而言,由于其与实施例公开的方法相对应,所以描述的比较简单,相关之处参见方法部分说明即可。
以上仅是本申请的优选实施方式,使本领域技术人员能够理解或实现本申请。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的技术人员来说将是显而易见的, 本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本申请的精神或范围的情况下,在其它实施例中实现。因此,本申请将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例,而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种优化PCIE连接器区域信号质量的设计方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
    S1、根据走线层数要求和板厚要求设计叠层;
    S2、根据叠层及设计阻抗计算具体信号走线的线宽线距;
    S3、提取参考层补偿前针脚模型和差分线模型;
    S4、根据走线情况进行参考层补偿;
    S5、提取参考层补偿后针脚模型和差分线模型;
    S6、进行仿真,比对参考层补偿前后阻抗差异,选择最优的补偿大小作为最后设计。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种优化PCIE连接器区域信号质量的设计方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中,根据叠层及设计阻抗计算具体信号走线的线宽线距具体步骤为根据参考层厚度、参考层介质介电常数值、标准阻抗值计算对应阻抗的线宽和线距。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的一种优化PCIE连接器区域信号质量的设计方法,其特征在于,步骤S3中,利用过孔模型提取软件提取参考层补偿前针脚模型,利用走线模型提取软件提取参考层补偿前的差分线模型。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的一种优化PCIE连接器区域信号质量的设计方法,其特征在于,步骤S5中,利用过孔模型提取软件提取参考层补偿后针脚模型,利用走线模型提取软件提取参考层补偿后的差分线模型。
  5. 根据权利要求3或4所述的一种优化PCIE连接器区域信号质量的设计方法,其特征在于,过孔模型提取软件为viawizard。
  6. 根据权利要求3或4所述的一种优化PCIE连接器区域信号质量的设计方法,其特征在于,走线模型提取软件为IMLC。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的一种优化PCIE连接器区域信号质量的设计方法,其特征在于,步骤S6中,最优的补偿具体为参考层补偿方案使得连接器处阻抗具有连续性。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种优化PCIE连接器区域信号质量的设计方法,其特征在于,步骤S6中,使用HSPICE进行仿真。
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CN109275259A (zh) * 2018-09-20 2019-01-25 郑州云海信息技术有限公司 一种pcb板的制作方法和一种pcb板
CN110856350B (zh) * 2019-11-08 2021-03-12 广东浪潮大数据研究有限公司 一种板卡边缘走线返回路径的补偿方法、系统及板卡

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