WO2017168881A1 - 通信用電線 - Google Patents
通信用電線 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017168881A1 WO2017168881A1 PCT/JP2016/088127 JP2016088127W WO2017168881A1 WO 2017168881 A1 WO2017168881 A1 WO 2017168881A1 JP 2016088127 W JP2016088127 W JP 2016088127W WO 2017168881 A1 WO2017168881 A1 WO 2017168881A1
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- wire
- sheath
- communication
- conductor
- insulated
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/02—Disposition of insulation
- H01B7/0208—Cables with several layers of insulating material
- H01B7/0216—Two layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B11/00—Communication cables or conductors
- H01B11/02—Cables with twisted pairs or quads
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B11/00—Communication cables or conductors
- H01B11/02—Cables with twisted pairs or quads
- H01B11/06—Cables with twisted pairs or quads with means for reducing effects of electromagnetic or electrostatic disturbances, e.g. screens
- H01B11/08—Screens specially adapted for reducing cross-talk
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B11/00—Communication cables or conductors
- H01B11/02—Cables with twisted pairs or quads
- H01B11/12—Arrangements for exhibiting specific transmission characteristics
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
- H01B13/02—Stranding-up
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/0009—Details relating to the conductive cores
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/02—Disposition of insulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/02—Disposition of insulation
- H01B7/0291—Disposition of insulation comprising two or more layers of insulation having different electrical properties
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
- H01B7/18—Protection against damage caused by wear, mechanical force or pressure; Sheaths; Armouring
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B11/00—Communication cables or conductors
- H01B11/002—Pair constructions
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B11/00—Communication cables or conductors
- H01B11/02—Cables with twisted pairs or quads
- H01B11/06—Cables with twisted pairs or quads with means for reducing effects of electromagnetic or electrostatic disturbances, e.g. screens
- H01B11/10—Screens specially adapted for reducing interference from external sources
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a communication wire, and more particularly to a communication wire that can be used for high-speed communication in an automobile or the like.
- the characteristic impedance of the communication wire depends on the specific configuration of the communication wire, such as the conductor diameter, the type and thickness of the insulation coating, and the like.
- a twisted pair wire formed by twisting a pair of insulated wire cores including a conductor and an insulator that covers the conductor, and a metal foil shield for shielding that covers the twisted pair wire
- a communication shielded electric wire is disclosed that includes a grounding electric wire that conducts to the metal foil shield and a sheath that covers the whole of the metal foil shield, and is configured to have a characteristic impedance value of 100 ⁇ 10 ⁇ .
- a conductor having a conductor diameter of 0.55 mm is used as the insulation core, and the thickness of the insulator covering the conductor is 0.35 to 0.45 mm.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a communication wire having a reduced diameter while ensuring a characteristic impedance value of a necessary size.
- a communication wire according to the present invention is formed by twisting a pair of insulated wires composed of a conductor having a tensile strength of 400 MPa or more and an insulating coating covering the outer periphery of the conductor. And a sheath made of an insulating material having a dielectric loss tangent of 0.0001 or more covering the outer periphery of the twisted pair, and having a characteristic impedance in the range of 100 ⁇ 10 ⁇ .
- the dielectric loss tangent of the sheath is preferably 0.0001 or more.
- the dielectric loss tangent of the sheath may be larger than the dielectric loss tangent of the insulating coating.
- the ratio of the area occupied by the gap in the area surrounded by the outer peripheral edge of the sheath may be 8% or more.
- the ratio of the area occupied by the gap in the area surrounded by the outer peripheral edge of the sheath is preferably 30% or less.
- the conductor cross-sectional area of the insulated wire is preferably less than 0.22 mm 2 .
- the thickness of the insulation coating of the insulated wire is preferably 0.30 mm or less.
- the outer diameter of the insulated wire is preferably 1.05 mm or less.
- the breaking elongation of the conductor of the insulated wire is preferably 7% or more.
- the twist pitch in the said twisted pair wire is good in it being 45 times or less of the outer diameter of the said insulated wire.
- the adhesion force of the sheath to the insulated wire is preferably 4N or more.
- the conductor of the insulated wire constituting the twisted pair wire has a high tensile strength of 400 MPa or more, so the conductor diameter is reduced while ensuring the strength necessary for the wire. be able to. Then, the characteristic impedance of the communication wire can be increased by decreasing the distance between the two conductors constituting the twisted pair. As a result, even if the insulation coating of the insulated wire is thinned to reduce the diameter of the communication wire, the characteristic impedance can be ensured so as not to be smaller than the range of 100 ⁇ 10 ⁇ .
- the dielectric loss tangent of the sheath is 0.0001 or more, as a result of the size of the dielectric loss tangent of the sheath, the bond generated between the ground potential around the communication wire and the twisted wire is coupled to the sheath dielectric. It can be effectively attenuated by the loss. As a result, the transmission mode conversion value can be set to a high level such as 46 dB or more.
- the dielectric loss tangent of the sheath is larger than the dielectric loss tangent of the insulation coating, it is easy to achieve both noise reduction and signal attenuation suppression in the communication wire.
- the characteristic impedance of the communication wire can be increased. Therefore, even if the thickness of the insulation coating of the insulated wire is reduced, it becomes easy to maintain a sufficiently high value as the characteristic impedance of the communication wire. If the thickness of the insulation coating of the insulated wire can be reduced, it can contribute to reducing the outer diameter of the entire communication wire.
- the ratio of the area occupied by the air gap is 8% or more in the area surrounded by the outer peripheral edge of the sheath in the cross section intersecting the axis of the communication wire, the characteristic impedance of the communication wire is increased.
- the effect of reducing the outer diameter of the communication wire is particularly excellent.
- the gap In the cross section intersecting with the axis of the communication wire, if the ratio of the area occupied by the gap is 30% or less in the area surrounded by the outer peripheral edge of the sheath, the gap is too large. This makes it easy to prevent variations and changes over time in the characteristic impedance and various transmission characteristics of the communication wire without determining the position of the twisted wire in the internal space.
- the thickness of the insulation coating of the insulated wire is 0.30 mm or less, the entire insulated wire is easily reduced in diameter because the insulated wire is sufficiently reduced in diameter.
- the breaking elongation of the conductor of the insulated wire is 7% or more, the impact resistance of the conductor is increased, and it is applied to the conductor when processing the communication wire into the wire harness or when assembling the wire harness. It becomes easy to endure the impact.
- the twist pitch in the twisted pair wire is 45 times or less of the outer diameter of the insulated wire, the twisted structure of the twisted wire is less likely to loosen. It becomes easy to prevent the transmission characteristics from varying or changing with time.
- the adhesion of the sheath to the insulated wire is 4N or more, the position of the twisted wire relative to the sheath is prevented from being displaced and the twisted structure of the twisted wire is prevented from occurring. It is easy to prevent variations and changes with time in the characteristic impedance and various transmission characteristics.
- FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a communication wire 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the communication wire 1 has a twisted pair wire 10 in which a pair of insulated wires 11 and 11 are twisted together.
- Each insulated wire 11 has a conductor 12 and an insulating coating 13 that covers the outer periphery of the conductor 12.
- the electric wire 1 for communication has the sheath 30 which coat
- the communication wire 1 has a characteristic impedance in the range of 100 ⁇ 10 ⁇ .
- the characteristic impedance of 100 ⁇ 10 ⁇ is a value required for an electric wire for Ethernet communication. Since the communication wire 1 has such characteristic impedance, it can be suitably used for high-speed communication in an automobile or the like.
- the conductor 12 of the insulated wire 11 constituting the twisted pair wire 10 is made of a metal wire having a tensile strength of 400 MPa or more.
- the metal wire include a copper alloy wire containing Fe and Ti as will be described later, and a copper alloy wire containing Fe, P, and Sn.
- the tensile strength of the conductor 12 is more preferably 440 MPa or more, and even more preferably 480 MPa or more.
- the conductor 12 Since the conductor 12 has a tensile strength of 400 MPa or more, further 440 MPa or more, and 480 MPa or more, the tensile strength required as an electric wire can be maintained even when the diameter is reduced.
- the diameter of the conductor 12 By reducing the diameter of the conductor 12, the distance between the two conductors 12 and 12 constituting the twisted pair wire 10 (the distance connecting the centers of the conductors 12 and 12) is reduced, and the characteristic impedance of the communication wire 1 is reduced. Becomes larger.
- the conductor 12 can be reduced in diameter until the conductor cross-sectional area is less than 0.22 mm 2 , further 0.15 mm 2 or less, and 0.13 mm 2 or less.
- the outer diameter of the conductor 12 can be 0.55 mm or less, further 0.50 mm or less, or 0.45 mm or less. Note that, if the conductor 12 is excessively thinned, it is difficult to maintain strength, and the characteristic impedance of the communication wire 1 becomes too large. Therefore, the conductor cross-sectional area is preferably set to 0.08 mm 2 or more.
- the conductor 12 has a small conductor cross-sectional area of less than 0.22 mm 2 , even if the thickness of the insulating coating 13 covering the outer periphery of the conductor 12 is reduced to, for example, 0.30 mm or less, the communication wire 1 Therefore, it becomes easy to secure a characteristic impedance of 100 ⁇ 10 ⁇ .
- the conductor cross-sectional area in the case of the conventional general copper electric wire, it is difficult to use the conductor cross-sectional area as less than 0.22 mm 2 due to the low tensile strength.
- the conductor 12 preferably has a breaking elongation of 7% or more.
- a conductor having high tensile strength often has low toughness and low impact resistance when a force is applied suddenly.
- the conductor 12 having a high tensile strength of 400 MPa or more has a breaking elongation of 7% or more, the step of assembling the wire harness from the communication wire 1 and the assembly of the wire harness Even if an impact is applied to the conductor 12 in this step, the conductor 12 can exhibit high impact resistance.
- the breaking elongation of the conductor 12 is more preferably 10% or more.
- the conductor 12 may be made of a single wire, but is preferably made of a stranded wire in which a plurality of strands (for example, 7 wires) are twisted together from the viewpoint of enhancing flexibility. In this case, after twisting the strands, compression molding may be performed to form a compression stranded wire. The outer diameter of the conductor 12 can be reduced by compression molding. Moreover, when the conductor 12 consists of a twisted wire, as long as the conductor 12 as a whole has a tensile strength of 400 MPa or more, it may be composed of the same strand or two or more strands.
- a copper alloy containing Fe and Ti as described later or a strand made of a copper alloy containing Fe, P, and Sn, and a metal other than a copper alloy, such as SUS
- a metal other than a copper alloy such as SUS
- the conductor resistance may be 210 m ⁇ / m or less.
- the higher the conductor resistance the higher the mode conversion characteristic of the communication wire 1.
- the conductor resistance is preferably 150 m ⁇ / m or more.
- the insulating coating 13 of the insulated wire 11 may be made of any insulating polymer material. From the viewpoint of securing a predetermined high value as the characteristic impedance, the insulating coating 13 preferably has a relative dielectric constant of 4.0 or less. Examples of such a polymer material include polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polytetrafluoroethylene, and polyphenylene sulfide. Further, the insulating coating 13 may appropriately contain an additive such as a flame retardant in addition to the polymer material.
- the polymer material constituting the insulating coating 13 has a low molecular polarity. It is preferable to use one. For example, among the enumerated above, it is preferable to use polyolefin which is a nonpolar polymer material.
- the dielectric loss tangent of the insulating coating 13 is preferably smaller from the viewpoint of suppressing the influence of signal attenuation in the twisted pair wire 10 and from the viewpoint of reducing the diameter and weight of the insulated wire 11.
- the dielectric loss tangent is preferably 0.001 or less.
- the dielectric loss tangent of the material constituting the insulating coating 13 is equal to or less than the dielectric loss tangent of the material constituting the sheath 30, and is smaller than the dielectric loss tangent of the material constituting the sheath 30. Is preferred.
- the polymer material constituting the insulating coating 13 may or may not be foamed. From the viewpoint of reducing the dielectric constant of the insulating coating 13 and reducing the diameter of the insulated wire 11, foaming is preferable, and the viewpoint of stabilizing the transmission characteristics of the communication wire 1 and the manufacturing process of the insulating coating 13 are simplified. From the viewpoint of conversion, it is preferable that the foam is not foamed.
- the thickness of the insulating coating 13 necessary for securing a predetermined characteristic impedance due to the effect of increasing the characteristic impedance by reducing the diameter of the conductor 12 and approaching between the conductors 12, 12. can be reduced.
- the thickness of the insulating coating 13 is preferably 0.30 mm or less, more preferably 0.25 mm or less, and 0.20 mm or less. If the insulating coating 13 is made too thin, it will be difficult to secure a required characteristic impedance, and therefore the thickness of the insulating coating 13 is preferably larger than 0.15 mm.
- the entire insulated wire 11 is reduced in diameter.
- the outer diameter of the insulated wire 11 can be 1.05 mm or less, further 0.95 mm or less, and 0.85 mm or less.
- the entire communication wire 1 can be reduced in diameter.
- the thickness of the insulation coating 13 is more uniform over the entire circumference of the conductor 12. That is, it is preferable that the uneven thickness is small. Then, the eccentricity of the conductor 12 is reduced, and when the twisted pair wire 10 is configured, the symmetry of the position of the conductor 12 in the twisted pair wire 10 is increased. As a result, it is possible to improve the transmission characteristics of the communication wire 1, particularly the mode conversion characteristics.
- the eccentricity of each insulated wire 11 may be 65% or more, more preferably 75% or more.
- the eccentricity is calculated as [minimum insulation thickness] / [maximum insulation thickness] ⁇ 100%.
- the twisted pair wire 10 can be formed by twisting two insulated wires 11, and the twist pitch can be set according to the outer diameter of the insulated wire 11, etc. it can. However, loosening of the twist structure can be effectively suppressed by setting the twist pitch to 60 times or less, preferably 45 times or less, more preferably 30 times or less of the outer diameter of the insulated wire 11. Looseness of the twisted structure can lead to variations in the characteristic impedance and various transmission characteristics of the communication wire 1 and changes over time.
- the sheath 30 when the sheath 30 is a loose jacket type, there is a gap G between the sheath 30 and the paired twisted wire 10, so that it is When a force that loosens the twisted structure acts on the wire 10, it may be difficult to suppress it by the sheath 30, but by selecting the twist pitch as described above, the loose jacket-type sheath 30. Also when using, loosening of the twisted structure can be effectively suppressed.
- the distance between the two insulated wires 11 constituting the twisted pair wire 10 (the distance between the wires) is set to a small value, for example, substantially 0 mm, at each portion in the pitch. It is possible to maintain stable transmission characteristics.
- the twist pitch of the twisted pair wire 10 is more preferably 8 times the outer diameter of the insulated wire 11 or more. Is preferably 12 times or more and 15 times or more.
- the following two structures can be exemplified as the twisted structure of the two insulated wires 11.
- the insulated wire 11 is not added with a twisted structure centered on the twisted shaft, and the insulated wire is centered on the axis of the insulated wire 11 itself.
- the relative vertical and horizontal directions of each part of 11 do not change along the twisting axis. That is, the part which hits the same position centering on the axis
- the portion that hits the same position around the axis of the insulated wire 11 is indicated by a dotted line along the axis of the insulated wire 11, but this dotted line corresponds to the fact that no twisted structure is added, It is always visible in the center of the page.
- 3A and 3B the twisted structure of the twisted pair wire 10 is shown in a loosened state for easy viewing.
- the portion that hits the same position around the axis of the insulated wire 11 is indicated by a dotted line along the axis of the insulated wire 11, but this dotted line corresponds to the addition of a twisted structure, It is visible in front of the paper surface only in a part of the region within one pitch of the twisted structure, and its position is continuously changed back and forth with respect to the paper surface within one pitch of the twisted structure.
- the first twisted structure has a smaller change in the distance between the two insulated wires 11 within one pitch of the twisted structure.
- the distance between the lines is likely to change due to the effect of twisting due to the reduced diameter of the insulated wire 11, but the first twisted structure is adopted. Therefore, the influence can be suppressed small.
- the transmission characteristics of the communication wire 1 tend to become unstable.
- the length difference (line length difference) between the two insulated wires 11 constituting the twisted pair wire 10 is preferably smaller.
- the symmetry of the two insulated wires 11 can be increased, and transmission characteristics, particularly mode conversion characteristics, can be improved. For example, if the wire length difference per 1 m of the twisted pair wire is suppressed to 5 mm or less, more preferably 3 mm or less, the influence of the wire length difference is easily suppressed.
- the two insulated wires 11 are merely twisted together, but the insulation coating 13 of each insulated wire 11 is further fused to each other in the whole or part of the longitudinal direction. May be. By fusion, the balance of the two insulated wires 11 is stabilized, and the transmission characteristics of the communication wire 1 can be improved.
- the sheath 30 is provided for the purpose of protecting the twisted pair wire 10 and maintaining a twisted structure.
- the sheath 30 has various characteristics of the communication wire 1 such as contact with water, such as characteristic impedance. It also plays a role in preventing the influence on.
- the sheath 30 is made of an insulating material having a dielectric loss tangent of 0.0001 or more.
- the sheath 30 is provided as a loose jacket, and accommodates the twisted pair wire 10 in a space formed in a hollow cylindrical shape.
- the sheath 30 is in contact with the insulated wire 11 constituting the twisted pair wire 10 only in a part of the region along the circumferential direction of the inner peripheral surface, and in other regions, the sheath 30 and the insulated wire 11 are in contact with each other. There is a gap G between them, and an air layer is formed. Details of the configuration of the sheath 30 will be described later.
- the sheath When evaluating the state of the cross section of the communication electric wire 1 such as the presence or absence of the air gap G between the sheath 30 and the insulated wire 11 and the ratio of the air gap G as described later, the sheath is cut by a cutting operation for forming a cross section. 30 and the twisted pair wire 10 are deformed so that accurate evaluation is not hindered.
- the entire communication wire 1 is embedded in a resin such as acrylic, and the resin is infiltrated into the space inside the sheath 30. It is preferable to perform the cutting operation after fixing in the state. In the cut surface, the region where the acrylic resin is present is the region that was originally the gap G.
- a shield made of a conductive material surrounding the twisted pair wire 10 is not provided inside the sheath 30, and the twisted wire 10
- the sheath 30 directly surrounds the outer periphery.
- the shield plays a role of shielding the intrusion of noise from the outside and the emission of noise to the outside of the twisted pair wire 10, but the communication wire 1 according to the present embodiment has a condition that the influence of noise is not serious. It is assumed that it will be used in, and no shield is provided.
- the sheath 30 does not have a member and directly covers the outer periphery of the twisted pair wire 10 via the gap G.
- a shield made of a conductive material surrounding the twisted pair wire 10 may be provided inside the sheath 30 in the communication wire 1.
- a shield since it cannot discuss the presence or absence of the space
- the conductor 12 of the insulated wire 11 constituting the twisted pair wire 10 has a tensile strength of 400 MPa or more. Even if the conductor 12 is reduced in diameter, it is easy to maintain a sufficient strength as an automobile electric wire. By reducing the diameter of the conductor 12, the distance between the two conductors 12 and 12 constituting the twisted pair wire 10 is reduced. When the distance between the two conductors 12 and 12 becomes shorter, the characteristic impedance of the communication wire 1 becomes higher. When the layer of the insulation coating 13 of the insulated wire 11 constituting the twisted pair wire 10 becomes thin, the characteristic impedance becomes small. Even if the thickness of the insulating coating 13 is reduced to, for example, 0.30 mm or less, it is possible to ensure a characteristic impedance of 100 ⁇ 10 ⁇ in the communication wire 1.
- the wire diameter (finished diameter) of the communication wire 1 as a whole can be reduced.
- the wire diameter of the communication wire 1 can be 2.9 mm or less, and further 2.5 mm or less.
- the communication wire 1 is suitably used for high-speed communication in a limited space such as in an automobile. be able to.
- the reduction of the diameter of the conductor 12 and the reduction of the thickness of the insulating coating 13 constituting the insulated wire 11 are effective not only for reducing the diameter of the communication wire 1 but also for reducing the weight of the communication wire 1.
- the weight of the communication wire 1 for example, when the communication wire 1 is used for communication in an automobile, the entire vehicle can be reduced in weight, leading to lower fuel consumption of the vehicle.
- the communication wire 1 since the conductor 12 constituting the insulated wire 11 has a tensile strength of 400 MPa or more, the communication wire 1 has a high breaking strength.
- the breaking strength can be set to 100 N or more, further 140 N or more. Since the electric wire 1 for communication has a high breaking strength, a high gripping force can be shown with respect to the terminal or the like at the terminal. That is, it becomes easy to prevent the communication wire 1 from being broken at a portion where a terminal or the like is attached to the terminal.
- communication wires have transmission characteristics other than the characteristic impedance, that is, transmission loss (IL), reflection loss (RL), transmission mode It is desirable that transmission characteristics such as conversion (LCTL) and reflection mode conversion (LCL) also satisfy predetermined levels.
- the sheath 30 has a loose jacket type configuration, so that the insulation coating 13 of the insulated wire 11 is less than 0.25 mm, and further 0.15 mm or less.
- IL ⁇ 0.68 dB / m (66 MHz), RL ⁇ 20.0 dB (20 MHz), LCTL ⁇ 46.0 dB (50 MHz), and LCL ⁇ 46.0 dB (50 MHz) can be satisfied.
- the constituent material of a sheath has a polymer material as a main component.
- the polymer material constituting the sheath 30 may be any material. Specific polymer materials include polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyphenylene sulfide, and the like.
- the sheath 30 may appropriately contain an additive such as a flame retardant.
- the sheath 30 is made of an insulating material having a dielectric loss tangent of 0.0001 or more.
- the dielectric loss in the sheath 30 increases, and the common due to the coupling between the twisted pair wire 10 and the ground potential existing outside the communication wire 1 is increased.
- Mode noise can be attenuated.
- the mode conversion characteristic of the communication wire 1 can be enhanced.
- the mode conversion characteristics are transmission mode conversion characteristics (LCTL) and reflection mode conversion characteristics (LCL), particularly transmission mode conversion characteristics.
- the mode conversion characteristic is an index indicating the degree of conversion between the differential mode and the common mode in the signal transmitted through the communication wire 1. The larger the value (absolute value), the less the conversion between the modes occurs. become.
- the communication wire 1 By setting the dielectric loss tangent of the sheath 30 to 0.0001 or more, the communication wire 1 having excellent mode conversion characteristics satisfying the levels of LCTL ⁇ 46.0 dB (50 MHz) and LCL ⁇ 46.0 dB (50 MHz). Easy to get. If the dielectric loss tangent is 0.0006 or more, the mode conversion characteristics can be further improved. For example, when the communication wire 1 is used in an automobile, there are many members that contribute as a ground potential, such as a vehicle body, in the vicinity of the communication wire 1, and noise reduction by increasing the dielectric loss tangent of the sheath 30. Becomes effective.
- the dielectric loss tangent of the material constituting the sheath 30 is too large, the attenuation of the differential mode signal transmitted by the twisted pair wire 10 may increase, resulting in communication failure.
- the dielectric loss tangent of the sheath 30 it is possible to suppress the influence of signal attenuation.
- the dielectric loss tangent in the sheath 30 can be adjusted by the type of additives such as a polymer material and a flame retardant constituting the sheath 30 and the amount of additive added.
- the dielectric loss tangent of the sheath 30 can be increased by using a polymer material having a high molecular polarity. This is because a polymer material having a high molecular polarity and a high dielectric constant usually has a large dielectric loss tangent.
- the dielectric loss tangent of the sheath 30 can be increased by adding a highly polar additive. The dielectric loss tangent can be further increased by increasing the content of such an additive.
- this type of communication wire 1 when the diameter of the entire communication wire 1 is reduced by reducing the diameter of the insulated wire 11 or reducing the thickness of the sheath 30, it is required to be 100 ⁇ 10 ⁇ . It may be difficult to ensure a characteristic impedance of a magnitude. Therefore, it is conceivable to increase the characteristic impedance by reducing the effective dielectric constant of the communication wire 1 defined by the following formula (1). From this point of view, it is preferable to use a polymer material constituting the sheath 30 that has low molecular polarity and gives a low dielectric constant.
- ⁇ eff is the effective dielectric constant
- d is the conductor diameter
- D is the outer diameter of the wire
- ⁇ 0 is a constant.
- the communication wire 1 may be exposed to high temperatures in an in-vehicle environment or the like, but as the molecular polarity of the material of the sheath 30 is smaller, the dielectric constant of the sheath 30 is greatly increased at higher temperatures and the characteristic impedance of the communication wire 1 is increased. This is also preferable from the viewpoint of easily avoiding a situation in which the temperature drops.
- the polymer material having a low molecular polarity it is particularly preferable to use a nonpolar polymer material.
- polyolefin can be cited as a nonpolar polymer material.
- the dielectric loss tangent which is a parameter that tends to increase as the molecular polarity of the polymer material increases, and at the same time, the molecular polarity of the polymer material constituting the sheath 30 from another viewpoint. Is desired to be small. Therefore, the dielectric loss tangent of the entire constituent material of the sheath 30 can be increased by adding an additive having a polarity that increases the dielectric loss tangent to a polymer material having no or small molecular polarity such as polyolefin.
- the material constituting the sheath 30 preferably has a dielectric loss tangent greater than or equal to the dielectric tangent of the material constituting the insulating coating 13 of the insulated wire 11 and further larger than the dielectric loss tangent of the insulating coating 13.
- the sheath 30 should have a large dielectric loss tangent from the viewpoint of improving the mode conversion characteristics, while the attenuation of the differential mode signal transmitted through the twisted pair wire 10 can be suppressed to a low level. This is because the insulating coating 13 preferably has a smaller dielectric loss tangent.
- the dielectric loss tangent of the sheath 30 is 1.5 times or more, further 2 times or more and 5 times or more the dielectric loss tangent of the insulating coating 13 can be exemplified as a preferable example.
- the polymer material constituting the sheath 30 may or may not be foamed. From the viewpoint of reducing the dielectric constant of the sheath 30 and increasing the characteristic impedance of the communication wire 1 as an effect of holding air in the foamed portion, foaming is preferable. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of suppressing variation in transmission characteristics of the communication wire 1 due to variations in the degree of foaming and stabilizing the transmission characteristics, it is preferable that foaming is not performed. In terms of manufacturability of the sheath 30, from the viewpoint that the foaming step can be omitted, it is simpler that the sheath 30 is not foamed. However, even if the gap G is not provided (that is, a solid jacket described later). From the viewpoint that the dielectric constant can be reduced even if it is reduced, it is easier to make the sheath 30 foamed.
- the sheath 30 may be made of the same type of polymer material as the insulating coating 13 or of a different type of polymer material. From the viewpoint of simplifying the configuration and manufacturing process of the communication wire 1 as a whole, it is preferable to use the same kind of material, and the physical properties such as the dielectric constant are selected with a high degree of freedom for each of the sheath 30 and the insulating coating 13. From the viewpoint, it is preferable to use different materials.
- the sheath 30 is provided as a loose jacket, and the gap G is formed between the sheath 30 and the insulated wire 11 constituting the twisted pair wire 10.
- the shape of the sheath 30 is not particularly specified, and it is not essential that the sheath 30 is a loose jacket type and the gap G is provided. That is, as shown in FIG. 2, a communication wire 1 ′ in which the sheath 30 ′ is provided as a full jacket can be considered.
- the sheath 30 ′ is in contact with the insulated wire 11 constituting the twisted pair wire 10 or is formed in a solid state up to a position in the vicinity thereof, and between the sheath 30 ′ and the insulated wire 11, Except for voids that are inevitably formed in production, voids are substantially absent.
- the case where the sheath 30 is a loose jacket is more preferable than the case where the sheath 30 is a full jacket.
- the characteristic impedance of the communication wire 1 becomes higher when the twisted pair wire 10 is surrounded by a material having a low dielectric constant (see formula (1)), and the air layer around the twisted pair wire 10 is loose.
- the configuration of the jacket can make the characteristic impedance higher than the case of a solid jacket in which a dielectric is present immediately outside the twisted pair wire 10.
- the insulation coating 13 of each insulated wire 11 is thinned, a characteristic impedance of 100 ⁇ 10 ⁇ can be secured.
- the insulating coating 13 thinner, the insulated wire 11 can be made thinner and the outer diameter of the entire communication wire 1 can be made smaller.
- the conductor 12 of the insulated wire 11 is made of a material having a tensile strength of 400 MPa, and the sheath 30 is made of a loose jacket type. Even if it is less than 0.25 mm, and even 0.20 mm or less, the communication wire 1 can ensure a characteristic impedance of 100 ⁇ 10 ⁇ . In this case, the outer diameter of the entire communication wire 1 can be 2.5 mm or less.
- the mass per unit length of the communication wire 1 can be reduced even when the solid jacket is used.
- the weight of the sheath 30 in this way, in combination with the effects of reducing the diameter of the conductor 12 and reducing the thickness of the insulating coating 13, the overall weight of the communication wire 1 can be reduced. This can contribute to lower fuel consumption when used in automobiles.
- the sheath 30 is a loose jacket type and has a gap G between the insulated wire 11 and the sheath 30, when the sheath 30 is molded, fusion between the sheath 30 and the insulating coating 13 of the insulated wire 11 is achieved. It can be suppressed. As a result, the sheath 30 can be easily removed when the end of the communication wire 1 is processed. Fusion between the sheath 30 and the insulating coating 13 is particularly problematic when the polymer material constituting the sheath 30 and the polymer material constituting the insulating coating 13 are of the same type.
- the sheath 30 When the loose jacket type sheath 30 is used, the sheath 30 has a hollow cylindrical shape, so that the communication wire 1 as a whole is susceptible to unintended bending and bending, but the conductor 12 has a tensile strength. This can be compensated by using a material of 400 MPa or more.
- the outer peripheral area ratio of the gap G is more preferably 15% or more.
- the outer peripheral area ratio of the gap G is preferably 30% or less, more preferably 23% or less.
- the ratio of the gap G instead of the outer peripheral area ratio, the area of the region surrounded by the inner periphery of the sheath 30, that is, the sheath 30 in the cross section that intersects the axis of the communication wire 1 substantially perpendicularly.
- the ratio of the area occupied by the gap G can also be used.
- the inner peripheral area ratio of the gap G is preferably 26% or more, more preferably 39% or more.
- the inner peripheral area ratio is preferably 56% or less, more preferably 50% or less.
- the outer peripheral area ratio is used as an index rather than the inner peripheral area ratio as an index for ensuring sufficient characteristic impedance. It is preferable to set G. However, particularly when the sheath 30 is thick, the influence of the thickness of the sheath 30 on the characteristic impedance of the communication wire 1 is small, so the inner peripheral area ratio is also a good index.
- the ratio of the gap G in the cross section may not be constant in each part within one pitch of the twisted pair wire 10.
- the outer peripheral area ratio and the inner peripheral area ratio of the gap G satisfy the above conditions as an average value of the length region for one pitch of the twisted pair wire 10, and for one pitch It is more preferable that the above conditions are satisfied over the entire length region. Or in such a case, it is good to evaluate the ratio of the space
- the ratio of the volume occupied by the gap G (outer peripheral volume ratio) in the region surrounded by the outer peripheral surface of the sheath 30 is 7% or more, Preferably it is 14% or more. Further, the outer peripheral volume ratio is 29% or less, more preferably 22% or less. Alternatively, in the length region corresponding to one pitch of the twisted pair wire 10, the volume ratio (inner peripheral volume ratio) occupied by the gap G in the volume of the region surrounded by the inner peripheral surface of the sheath 30 is 25% or more. More preferably, it should be 38% or more. The inner volume ratio is 55% or less, more preferably 49% or less.
- the effective dielectric constant depends on parameters such as the material and thickness of the sheath 30 in addition to the size of the gap G, but the effective dielectric constant is 7.0 or less, more preferably 6.0 or less.
- the characteristic impedance of the communication wire 1 can be easily increased to a range of 100 ⁇ 10 ⁇ .
- the effective dielectric constant is 1.5 or more, more preferably 2.0 or more. It is good to do.
- the size of the gap G can be controlled by conditions (die point shape, extrusion temperature, etc.) when the sheath 30 is manufactured by extrusion molding.
- the sheath 30 is in contact with the insulated wire 11 in a partial region of the inner peripheral surface. In these regions, if the sheath 30 is firmly adhered to the insulated wire 11, the twisted wire 10 is pressed by the sheath 30, so that the misalignment of the twisted wire 10 in the inner space of the sheath 30 or the twisted wire A phenomenon such as loosening of the ten twisted structure can be suppressed.
- the adhesion force of the sheath 30 to the insulated wire 11 is 4N or more, more preferably 7N or more, and 8N or more, these phenomena are suppressed, and the distance between the two insulated wires 11 is reduced to a small value, for example, By maintaining the thickness substantially at 0 mm, variations in characteristic impedance, various transmission characteristics, and changes with time can be effectively suppressed.
- the contact force is preferably suppressed to 70 N or less.
- the adhesion of the sheath 30 to the insulated wire 11 can be adjusted by changing the extrusion temperature of the resin material when the sheath 30 is formed on the outer periphery of the twisted pair wire 10 by extruding the resin material.
- the adhesion strength can be evaluated as the strength until the twisted pair wire 10 is pulled out in a state where the sheath 30 is removed 30 mm from one end.
- the length (contact rate) of the portion in contact with the insulated wire 11 in the entire length of the inner peripheral edge of the sheath 30 in the cross section that intersects the axis of the communication wire 1 substantially perpendicularly is 0.5% or more. If it is preferably set to 2.5% or more, these phenomena can be effectively suppressed.
- the contact rate preferably satisfies the above conditions as an average value of the length region for one pitch of the twisted pair wire 10, and satisfies the above conditions over the entire length region for one pitch. And more preferable.
- the thickness of the sheath 30 may be appropriately selected.
- the thickness of the sheath may be 0.20 mm or more, more preferably 0.30 mm or more.
- the thickness of the sheath 30 may be 1.0 mm or less, more preferably 0.7 mm or less.
- the loose jacket type sheath 30 As described above, from the viewpoint of reducing the diameter of the communication wire 1, it is preferable to use the loose jacket type sheath 30. However, when the request for reducing the diameter is not so large, as shown in FIG. A full jacket type sheath 30 'may be selected.
- the solid sheath 30 ′ has a larger dielectric loss due to the effect of the thickness of the dielectric, and is therefore caused by the coupling between the twisted pair wire 10 and the ground potential existing outside the communication wire 1. It is possible to effectively attenuate common mode noise.
- the solid sheath 30 ′ can firmly fix the twisted pair wire 10 by the sheath 30 ′, and prevents a phenomenon such as a positional shift of the twisted pair wire 10 with respect to the sheath 30 ′ and a loose twisted structure.
- Cheap As a result, it is easy to prevent changes and variations in the characteristic impedance and various transmission characteristics of the communication wire 1 from occurring due to these phenomena.
- Either the loose jacket type sheath 30 or the full jacket type sheath 30 ' is used, and the thickness of the sheaths 30 and 30' in each case depends on the conditions for forming the sheath by extrusion molding (die point shape). , Extrusion temperature, etc.). It should be noted that in a situation where there is no problem in protecting the twisted pair wire 10 and maintaining the twisted structure, the sheath 30 can be omitted and is not necessarily provided on the communication wire.
- the sheath 30 may be composed of a plurality of layers or only one layer. From the viewpoint of reducing the diameter and cost of the communication wire 1 by simplifying the configuration, the sheath 30 is preferably composed of only one layer.
- the dielectric loss tangent of the sheath is defined as 0.0001 or more. However, when the sheath 30 is composed of a plurality of layers, at least one layer has a dielectric loss tangent of 0.0001 or more. do it.
- the average value of the dielectric loss tangent values of each layer weighted by the respective thicknesses is more preferably 0.0001 or more, and all the layers have a dielectric loss tangent of 0.0001 or more. More preferable.
- the copper alloy wire mentioned as the first example has the following component composition.
- -Fe 0.05 mass% or more, 2.0 mass% or less-Ti: 0.02 mass% or more, 1.0 mass% or less-Mg: 0 mass% or more, 0.6 mass% or less (Mg is contained) (Including forms that are not) -The balance consists of Cu and inevitable impurities.
- the copper alloy wire having the above composition has a very high tensile strength.
- particularly high tensile strength can be achieved when the Fe content is 0.8% by mass or more and when the Ti content is 0.2% by mass or more.
- the tensile strength can be increased by increasing the degree of wire drawing, reducing the wire diameter, or performing heat treatment after wire drawing, and the conductor 11 having a tensile strength of 400 MPa or more can be obtained. .
- the copper alloy wire mentioned as a 2nd example has the following component compositions. Fe: 0.1% by mass or more and 0.8% by mass or less P: 0.03% by mass or more, 0.3% by mass or less Sn: 0.1% by mass or more, 0.4% by mass or less Consists of Cu and inevitable impurities.
- the copper alloy wire having the above composition has a very high tensile strength.
- particularly high tensile strength can be achieved when the Fe content is 0.4% by mass or more and when the P content is 0.1% by mass or more.
- the tensile strength can be increased by increasing the degree of wire drawing, reducing the wire diameter, or performing heat treatment after wire drawing, and the conductor 11 having a tensile strength of 400 MPa or more can be obtained. .
- a conductor constituting an insulated wire was produced. That is, a master alloy containing 99.99% or more electrolytic copper and each element of Fe and Ti was put into a high-purity carbon crucible and vacuum-melted to prepare a mixed molten metal. Here, in the molten mixture, 1.0 mass% Fe and 0.4 mass% Ti were included. The resulting molten mixture was continuously cast to produce a cast material having a diameter of 12.5 mm. The obtained cast material was extruded and rolled to ⁇ 8 mm, and then drawn to ⁇ 0.165 mm. Seven strands obtained were used, and twisting was performed at a twist pitch of 14 mm, and compression molding was performed. Thereafter, heat treatment was performed. The heat treatment conditions were a heat treatment temperature of 500 ° C. and a holding time of 8 hours. The obtained conductor had a conductor cross-sectional area of 0.13 mm 2 and an outer diameter of 0.45 mm.
- the tensile strength and breaking elongation of the copper alloy conductor thus obtained were evaluated according to JIS Z 2241. At this time, the distance between the scores was 250 mm, and the tensile speed was 50 mm / min. As a result of the evaluation, the tensile strength was 490 MPa and the elongation at break was 8%.
- the insulating material constituting the sheath predetermined materials were selected from the insulating materials A to D as shown in Table 2 for Samples 1 to 4 and Table 3 for Samples 5 to 10.
- the insulation coating of the insulated wires is all made of the insulating material B, and the sheaths are made of the insulating materials A to D, respectively.
- the insulating coating and sheath of the insulated wire are made of various combinations of insulating materials B to D.
- the sheath was a loose jacket type, and the thickness of the sheath was 0.4 mm.
- the size of the gap between the sheath and the insulated wire was 23% in terms of the peripheral area ratio, and the adhesion of the sheath to the insulated wire was 15N. In this way, communication wires for samples 1 to 4 and samples 5 to 10 were obtained.
- the characteristic impedances obtained by the open / short method using the LCR meter were confirmed for the communication wires related to Samples 1 to 10, the characteristic impedances of all of Samples 1 to 10 were in the range of 100 ⁇ 10 ⁇ . confirmed.
- LCTL transmission mode conversion characteristics
- the transmission mode conversion characteristics were similarly evaluated for samples 5 to 10 having different combinations of the dielectric loss tangents of the sheath and the insulating coating due to different combinations of the sheath and the insulating coating.
- Table 1 shows the measurement results of the dielectric loss tangent for the insulating materials A to D together with the composition of the materials.
- Table 2 summarizes the measurement results of the transmission mode conversion characteristics of the communication wires of Samples 1 to 4 in which sheaths are formed using the insulating materials A to D, respectively.
- the transmission mode conversion satisfying the level of 46 dB or more is achieved by setting the dielectric loss tangent of the sheath to 0.0001 or more. Further, the transmission mode conversion value increases as the dielectric loss tangent of the sheath increases.
- Table 3 summarizes the measurement results of the transmission mode conversion characteristics for samples 5 to 10 in which the combination of the sheath and the insulation coating differs depending on the combination of the sheath and insulation coating materials.
- the transmission mode conversion value is below the standard of 46 dB.
- the transmission mode conversion value is 46 dB or more.
- the value of the transmission mode conversion exceeds 50 dB and is further increased.
- the characteristic impedance was measured with respect to the obtained communication wire. The measurement was performed by an open / short method using an LCR meter.
- Table 4 shows the configuration of communication wires and the evaluation results for samples A1 to A8.
- the behavior of the characteristic impedance described above is interpreted as a result of using a copper alloy wire as the conductor, and reducing the diameter of the conductor compared to using a pure copper wire, and the closer distance between the conductors.
- the thickness of the insulation coating can be made less than 0.30 mm while maintaining a characteristic impedance of 100 ⁇ 10 ⁇ , and in the thinnest case, it is made 0.18 mm. It is possible.
- the insulation coating thin, it is possible to reduce the finished outer diameter of the communication wire in combination with the effect of reducing the diameter of the conductor itself.
- the finished outer diameter of the communication wire is reduced by about 20% in the sample A3 using the copper alloy conductor because the conductors can be made thinner.
- the characteristic impedance is out of the range of 100 ⁇ 10 ⁇ . That is, the characteristic impedance in the range of 100 ⁇ 10 ⁇ can be obtained by reducing the diameter of the conductor using a copper alloy and appropriately selecting the thickness of the insulating coating.
- the size of the gap between the loose jacket type sheath and the insulated wire was 23% in terms of the peripheral area ratio, and the adhesion of the sheath to the insulated wire was 15N.
- a plurality of samples in which the thickness of the insulation coating of the insulated wire was changed were prepared.
- transmission characteristics of IL, RL, LCTL, and LCL were evaluated using a network analyzer.
- FIG. 4 shows, as plot points, the relationship between the thickness of the insulation coating (insulation thickness) of the insulated wire and the measured characteristic impedance for each of the cases where the sheath is a loose jacket type and the full jacket type.
- FIG. 4 also shows the relationship between the insulation thickness and the characteristic impedance obtained by the equation (1) known as the theoretical equation of the characteristic impedance of the communication wire having a twisted pair when no sheath is provided.
- An approximate curve based on the formula (1) is also shown for the measurement result when each sheath is provided.
- the broken line in the figure indicates a range where the characteristic impedance is 100 ⁇ 10 ⁇ .
- the characteristic impedance when the insulation thickness is the same is reduced corresponding to the increase in effective dielectric constant by providing the sheath.
- the case where the sheath is a full jacket type the case where the loose jacket type is used is less reduced and a large characteristic impedance is obtained.
- the insulation thickness required to obtain the same characteristic impedance is smaller in the case of the loose jacket type.
- the characteristic impedance is 100 ⁇ in the case of the loose jacket type when the insulation thickness is 0.20 mm, and in the case of the full jacket type when the insulation thickness is 0.25 mm.
- Table 5 summarizes the insulation thickness and the outer diameter and mass of the communication wire for these cases.
- the insulation thickness is reduced by 25%
- the outer diameter of the communication wire is 7.4%
- the mass is reduced by 27% as compared to the full jacket type. ing.
- the size of the gap was measured for each sample prepared above. Under the present circumstances, after embedding and fixing the electric wire for communication of each sample in acrylic resin, it cut
- the characteristic impedance in the range of 100 ⁇ 10 ⁇ is stably obtained in the samples C2 to C5 in which the size of the void is 8% or more and 30% or less in terms of the peripheral area ratio.
- the effective dielectric constant is too large due to the small gap, and the characteristic impedance does not reach the range of 100 ⁇ 10 ⁇ .
- the characteristic impedance exceeds the range of 100 ⁇ 10 ⁇ to the higher side. This is because the gap is too large and the median value of the characteristic impedance is increased, and the position of the twisted wire within the sheath and the twisted structure are liable to occur, resulting in large variations in characteristic impedance. It is interpreted as.
- the adhesion force of the sheath was measured for each sample prepared above.
- the sheath adhesion force was evaluated as the strength until the insulated wire was pulled out in a state where the sheath was removed 30 mm from one end in a sample having a total length of 150 mm.
- changes in characteristic impedance were measured under conditions that simulated use over time. Specifically, the communication wire of each sample was bent 200 times at an angle of 90 ° along a mandrel having an outer diameter of ⁇ 25 mm, the characteristic impedance at the bent portion was measured, and the amount of change from before the bending was recorded. did.
- Table 7 summarizes the relationship between the sheath adhesion force and the characteristic impedance variation.
- Table 8 summarizes the relationship between the thickness of the sheath and the amount of change in characteristic impedance.
- Table 9 shows the eccentricity and measurement results of each mode conversion characteristic.
- the value of each mode conversion is an absolute value that is the minimum value in the range of 1 to 50 MHz.
- Table 10 summarizes the relationship between the twist pitch of the twisted pair and the characteristic impedance variation.
- the twist pitch of the twisted pair wire is indicated by a value based on the outer diameter (0.85 mm) of the insulated wire, that is, how many times the outer diameter of the insulated wire.
- the change amount of the characteristic impedance is suppressed to 4 ⁇ or less in the samples G1 to G3 in which the twist pitch is 45 times or less of the outer diameter of the insulated wire.
- the change amount of the characteristic impedance reaches 8 ⁇ .
- Table 11 shows the relationship between the type of twisted structure and the variation width of the characteristic impedance.
- the sheath covering the outer periphery of the twisted pair wire may be provided as a solid type, not limited to the loose jacket type, depending on the degree of demand for a reduction in the diameter of the communication wire.
- a shield may be provided inside the sheath.
- it can also be set as the structure which does not provide a sheath. That is, it has a twisted pair wire in which a pair of insulated wires composed of a conductor having a tensile strength of 400 MPa or more and an insulating coating covering the outer periphery of the conductor, and has a characteristic impedance of 100 ⁇ 10 ⁇ . It can be set as the electric wire for communication in the range.
- insulation coating material and thickness, dielectric loss tangent, conductor component composition and elongation at break, conductor resistance, insulated wire outer diameter and eccentricity, twisted wire twist structure and twist pitch, sheath material The preferred configurations applicable to each part of the communication wire, such as thickness, adhesion, dielectric loss tangent, outer diameter and breaking strength of the insulated wire, are the same as described above. Moreover, it has a twisted pair wire in which a pair of insulated wires composed of a conductor having a tensile strength of 400 MPa or more and an insulating coating covering the outer periphery of the conductor, and has a characteristic impedance of 100 ⁇ 10 ⁇ .
Abstract
Description
図1に、本発明の一実施形態にかかる通信用電線1の断面図を示す。
対撚線10を構成する絶縁電線11の導体12は、400MPa以上の引張強さを有する金属線材よりなっている。具体的な金属線材として、後に説明するようなFeおよびTiを含有する銅合金線、また、FeおよびP、Snを含有する銅合金線を例示することができる。導体12の引張強さは、440MPa以上、さらには480MPa以上であれば、より好ましい。
対撚線10は、2本の絶縁電線11を撚り合わせることで形成することができ、撚りピッチは、絶縁電線11の外径等に応じて設定することができる。しかし、撚りピッチを、絶縁電線11の外径の60倍以下、好ましくは45倍以下、さらに好ましくは30倍以下としておくことで、撚り構造の緩みを効果的に抑制することができる。撚り構造の緩みは、通信用電線1の特性インピーダンスや各種伝送特性のばらつきや経時変化につながりうる。特に、後述するように、シース30をルーズジャケット型とする場合に、シース30と対撚線10との間に空隙Gが存在することにより、充実ジャケット型とする場合と比較して、対撚線10において撚り構造を緩ませるような力が働いた際に、シース30によってそれを抑制することが難しい場合があるが、上記のような撚りピッチを選択することで、ルーズジャケット型のシース30を用いる場合にも、撚り構造の緩みを効果的に抑制することができる。撚り構造の緩みを抑制することで、対撚線10を構成する2本の絶縁電線11の間の距離(線間距離)を、ピッチ内の各部位において、小さな値、例えば実質的に0mmに維持し、安定な伝送特性を得ることが可能となる。一方、対撚線10の撚りピッチを小さくしすぎると、対撚線10の生産性が低くなり、製造コストが上昇するため、撚りピッチは、絶縁電線11の外径の8倍以上、さらに好ましくは12倍以上、15倍以上としておくことが好ましい。
シース30は、対撚線10の保護や撚り構造の保持等を目的として設けられるものである。特に通信用電線1が自動車において用いられる場合に、通信用電線1を水の影響から保護することが求められるが、シース30は、水との接触が特性インピーダンス等、通信用電線1の各種特性に影響を与えるのを防止する役割も果たす。シース30は、0.0001以上の誘電正接を有する絶縁材料よりなっている。
以上のように、本通信用電線1においては、対撚線10を構成する絶縁電線11の導体12が、400MPa以上の引張強さを有していることにより、導体12を細径化しても、自動車用電線として十分な強度を維持しやすくなっている。導体12を細径化することで、対撚線10を構成する2本の導体12,12の間の距離が近くなる。2本の導体12,12の間の距離が近くなると、通信用電線1の特性インピーダンスが高くなる。対撚線10を構成する絶縁電線11の絶縁被覆13の層が薄くなると、特性インピーダンスが小さくなるが、本通信用電線1においては、導体12,12の細径化に伴う接近の効果により、絶縁被覆13の厚さを、例えば0.30mm以下のように小さくしても、通信用電線1において、100±10Ωという特性インピーダンスを確保することが可能となっている。
(1)シースの構成材料
シース30は、ポリマー材料を主成分としてなっている。シース30を構成するポリマー材料は、どのようなものであってもよい。具体的なポリマー材料として、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン等のポリオレフィン、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリスチレン、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、ポリフェニレンサルファイド等を挙げることができる。また、シース30は、ポリマー材料に加え、適宜、難燃剤等の添加剤を含有してもよい。
上記のように、本実施形態には、シース30は、ルーズジャケットとして設けられており、シース30と対撚線10を構成する絶縁電線11との間に、空隙Gが存在している。しかし、シース30の形状は特に指定されるものではなく、シース30をルーズジャケット型とし、空隙Gを設けることは必須ではない。つまり、図2に示すように、シース30’を充実ジャケットとして設ける形態の通信用電線1’も考えうる。この場合には、シース30’が、対撚線10を構成する絶縁電線11に接触するか、そのすぐ近傍の位置まで充実状に形成されており、シース30’と絶縁電線11の間に、製造上、不可避的に形成される空隙を除いて、空隙が実質的に存在していない。
ここで、上記実施形態にかかる通信用電線1において、絶縁電線11の導体12の具体例となる銅合金線について説明する。
・Fe:0.05質量%以上、2.0質量%以下
・Ti:0.02質量%以上、1.0質量%以下
・Mg:0質量%以上、0.6質量%以下(Mgが含有されない形態も含む)
・残部がCuおよび不可避的不純物よりなる。
・Fe:0.1質量%以上、0.8質量%以下
・P:0.03質量%以上、0.3質量%以下
・Sn:0.1質量%以上、0.4質量%以下
・残部がCuおよび不可避的不純物よりなる。
まず、シースの誘電正接と、モード変換特性との関係についての検証を行った。
(1)絶縁材の調製
通信用電線のシースおよび絶縁電線の絶縁被覆を構成する材料として、下の表1に示す成分を混練し、絶縁材A~Dを調製した。ここで、用いた難燃剤は、水酸化マグネシウムであり、酸化防止剤は、ヒンダードフェノール系酸化防止剤である。
絶縁電線を構成する導体を作製した。つまり、純度99.99%以上の電気銅と、FeおよびTiの各元素を含有する母合金を、高純度カーボン製坩堝に投入して、真空溶解させ、混合溶湯を作成した。ここで、混合溶湯において、Feが1.0質量%、Tiが0.4質量%含まれるようにした。得られた混合溶湯に対して、連続鋳造を行い、φ12.5mmの鋳造材を製造した。得られた鋳造材に対して、φ8mmまで、押出し加工、圧延を行い、その後、φ0.165mmまで伸線を行った。得られた素線を7本用い、撚りピッチ14mmにて、撚線加工を行うとともに、圧縮成形を行った。その後、熱処理を行った。熱処理条件は、熱処理温度500℃、保持時間8時間とした。得られた導体は、導体断面積が0.13mm2、外径が0.45mmとなった。
上記で作製した銅合金導体の外周に、押出しにより、絶縁被覆を形成し、試料1~10のそれぞれに用いる絶縁電線を作製した。絶縁被覆を構成する絶縁材としては、試料1~4においては、絶縁材Bを用いた。一方、試料5~10においては、表3に示す各絶縁材を用いた。
絶縁被覆の厚さは、0.20mmとした。絶縁電線の偏芯率は80%であった。
上記で作製した絶縁電線2本を、絶縁電線の外径の24倍の撚りピッチにて撚り合わせて、対撚線とした。対撚線の撚り構造は、第一の撚り構造(捻りなし)とした。そして、得られた対撚線の外周を囲むように、絶縁材を押出し、シースを形成した。
まず、絶縁材A~Dのそれぞれの誘電正接を計測した。計測は、インピーダンスアナライザによって行った。
表1に、絶縁材A~Dに対する誘電正接の測定結果を、材料の配合とともに示す。
導体の引張強さの選択による通信用電線の細径化の可能性について検証した。
(1)導体の作製
試料A1~A5については、上記[0]の試験において作製した銅合金線を、導体として用いた。上記のように、この導体は、導体断面積が0.13mm2、外径が0.45mmであり、490MPaの引張強さと、8%の破断伸びを有する。
上記で作製した銅合金導体および純銅線の外周に、ポリエチレン樹脂の押出しにより、絶縁被覆を形成し、絶縁電線を作製した。各試料における絶縁被覆の厚さは、表4に示したとおりとした。絶縁電線の偏芯率は80%であった。用いたポリエチレン樹脂の誘電正接は、0.0002であった。
上記で作製した絶縁電線2本を、撚りピッチ25mmにて撚り合わせて、対撚線とした。対撚線の撚り構造は、第一の撚り構造(捻りなし)とした。そして、その対撚線の外周を囲むように、ポリエチレン樹脂の押出しにより、シースを形成した。用いたポリエチレン樹脂の誘電正接は、0.0002であった。シースはルーズジャケット型とし、シースの厚さは、0.4mmとした。シースと絶縁電線の間の空隙の大きさは、外周面積率で23%とし、絶縁電線に対するシースの密着力は、15Nであった。このようにして、試料A1~A8にかかる通信用電線を得た。
(仕上がり外径)
通信用電線の細径化が達成できているかどうかを評価するため、得られた通信用電線の外径を計測した。
得られた通信用電線に対して、特性インピーダンスを計測した。計測は、LCRメータを用い、オープン/ショート法によって行った。
試料A1~A8について、通信用電線の構成および評価結果を表4に示す。
次に、シースの形態による通信用電線の細径化の可能性について検証した。
上記の[1]の試験における試料A1~A4と同様にして、通信用電線を作製した。絶縁電線の偏芯率は80%とし、対撚線の撚り構造は第一の撚り構造(捻りなし)とした。この際、シースが図1のようなルーズジャケット型のものと、図2のような充実ジャケット型のものの2通りを準備した。いずれの場合も、シースは、ポリプロピレン樹脂(誘電正接:0.0001)より形成した。シースの厚さは、使用するダイス・ポイント形状によって決定し、ルーズジャケット型の場合は0.4mm、充実型の場合は、最も薄いところで0.5mmとした。ルーズジャケット型のシースと絶縁電線の間の空隙の大きさは、外周面積率で23%とし、絶縁電線に対するシースの密着力は、15Nとした。また、それぞれの場合について、絶縁電線の絶縁被覆の厚さを変更した複数の試料を作製した。
上記で作製した各試料に対して、上記[1]の試験と同様に、特性インピーダンスを計測した。また、一部の試料に対して、通信用電線の外径(仕上がり外径)と単位長さ当たりの質量を計測した。
図4に、シースがルーズジャケット型である場合と充実ジャケット型である場合のそれぞれについて、絶縁電線の絶縁被覆の厚さ(絶縁厚)と計測された特性インピーダンスの関係を、プロット点として示す。図4には、併せて、シースが設けられない場合について、対撚線を有する通信用電線の特性インピーダンスの理論式として知られている式(1)によって得られる、絶縁厚と特性インピーダンスの関係のシミュレーション結果も示している(εeff=2.6)。各シースを有する場合の計測結果に対しても、式(1)に基づく近似曲線を示している。また、図中の破線は、特性インピーダンスが100±10Ωとなる範囲を示している。
次に、シースと絶縁電線の間の空隙の大きさと特性インピーダンスとの関係について検証した。
上記の[1]の試験における試料A1~A4と同様にして、試料C1~C6の通信用電線を作製した。この際、シースはポリプロピレン樹脂(誘電正接:0.0001)よりなるルーズジャケット型とし、ダイスとポイントの形状を調整することで、シースと絶縁電線の間の空隙の大きさを変化させた。絶縁電線の導体断面積は0.13mm2、絶縁被覆の厚さは0.20mm、シースの厚さは0.40mm、偏芯率は80%とした。また、絶縁電線に対するシースの密着力は15N、撚線の撚り構造は第一の撚り構造(捻りなし)とした。
上記で作製した各試料に対して、空隙の大きさを計測した。この際、各試料の通信用電線をアクリル樹脂に包埋して固定したうえで、切断することで、断面を得た。そして、断面において、空隙の大きさを、断面積に対する割合として計測した。得られた空隙の大きさは、上記で定義した外周面積率および内周面積率として、表6中に示している。また、各試料に対し、上記[1]の試験と同様に、特性インピーダンスを計測した。表6中で、特性インピーダンスの値を範囲付きで示しているのは、計測中の値のばらつきによるものである。
空隙の大きさと特性インピーダンスの関係を表6にまとめる。
次に、絶縁電線に対するシースの密着力と特性インピーダンスの経時変化との関係について検証した。
上記の[1]の試験における試料A1~A4と同様にして、試料D1~D4の通信用電線を作製した。シースはポリプロピレン樹脂(誘電正接:0.0001)よりなるルーズジャケット型とし、絶縁電線に対するシースの密着力を、表7のように変化させた。この際、密着力は、樹脂材料の押出温度を調整することで変化させた。ここで、シースと絶縁電線の間の空隙の大きさは、外周面積率で23%とした。絶縁電線において、導体断面積は0.13mm2、絶縁被覆の厚さは0.20mm、シースの厚さは0.40mmとした。また、絶縁電線の偏芯率は80%とした。対撚線の撚り構造は第一の撚り構造(捻りなし)とし、撚りピッチは、絶縁電線の外径の8倍とした。
上記で作製した各試料に対して、シースの密着力を計測した。シースの密着力は、全長150mmの試料において、シースを片端から30mm除去した状態で、絶縁電線を引っ張り、絶縁電線が抜け落ちるまでの強度として評価した。また、経時使用を模擬した条件で、特性インピーダンスの変化の測定を行った。具体的には、各試料の通信用電線を、外径φ25mmのマンドレルに沿って、角度90°で200回屈曲させた後、屈曲箇所の特性インピーダンスを測定し、屈曲前からの変化量を記録した。
シースの密着力と特性インピーダンス変化量の関係を表7にまとめる。
次に、シースの厚さと、伝送特性に対する外部からの影響との関係についての検証を行った。
上記の[1]の試験における試料A1~A4と同様にして、試料E1~E6の通信用電線を作製した。シースはポリプロピレン樹脂(誘電正接:0.0001)よりなるルーズジャケット型とし、試料E2~E6については、シースの厚さを、表8のように変化させた。試料E1については、シースを設けなかった。シースと絶縁電線の間の空隙の大きさは、外周面積率で23%とした。シースの密着力は、15Nとした。絶縁電線において、導体断面積は0.13mm2、絶縁被覆の厚さは0.20mmとした。また、絶縁電線の偏芯率は80%とした。対撚線の撚り構造は第一の撚り構造(捻りなし)とし、撚りピッチは、絶縁電線の外径の24倍とした。
上記で作製した各試料の通信用電線について、他電線の影響による特性インピーダンスの変化を評価した。具体的には、まず、各試料の通信用電線について、独立した単線の状態での特性インピーダンスを測定した。また、他電線を抱き込んだ状態でも、特性インピーダンスを測定した。ここで、他電線を抱き込んだ状態としては、試料電線を中心として略中心対象に、6本の他電線(外径2.6mmのPVC電線)を試料電線の外周に接触させて配置し、PVCテープを巻いて固定したものを準備した。そして、単線の状態での特性インピーダンスの値を基準として、他電線を抱き込んだ状態における特性インピーダンスの変化量を記録した。
シースの厚さと特性インピーダンス変化量の関係を表8にまとめる。
次に、絶縁電線の偏芯率と伝送特性との関係についての検証を行った。
上記の[1]の試験における試料A1~A4と同様にして、試料F1~F6の通信用電線を作製した。この際、絶縁被覆形成時の条件を調整することで、絶縁電線の偏芯率を、表9のように変化させた。絶縁電線において、導体断面積は0.13mm2、絶縁被覆の厚さ(平均値)は、0.20mmとした。シースはポリプロピレン樹脂(誘電正接:0.0001)よりなるルーズジャケット型とし、シースの厚さは、0.40mm、シースと絶縁電線の間の空隙の大きさは、外周面積率で23%、シースの密着力は、15Nとした。対撚線の撚り構造は第一の撚り構造(捻りなし)とし、撚りピッチは、絶縁電線の外径の24倍とした。
上記で作製した各試料の通信用電線について、透過モード変換特性(LCTL)および反射モード変換特性(LCL)を、上記[2]の試験と同様に計測した。測定は、1~50MHzの周波数で行った。
表9に、偏芯率と、各モード変換特性の測定結果を示す。各モード変換の値としては、絶対値で、1~50MHzの範囲で最小となった値を示している。
次に、対撚線の撚りピッチと特性インピーダンスの経時変化の関係について検証した。
上記の[4]の試験における試料D1~D4と同様にして、試料G1~G4の通信用電線を作製した。この際、対撚線の撚りピッチを、表10のように変化させた。シースの絶縁電線に対する密着力は、70Nとした。
上記で作製した各試料に対して、上記の[4]の試験と同様にして、マンドレルを用いた屈曲による特性インピーダンスの変化量を評価した。
対撚線の撚りピッチと特性インピーダンス変化量の関係を表10にまとめる。表10において、対撚線の撚りピッチは、絶縁電線の外径(0.85mm)を基準とした値、つまり、絶縁電線の外径の何倍となっているかで示している。
次に、対撚線の撚り構造の種類と特性インピーダンスのばらつきの関係について検証した。
上記の[4]の試験における試料D1~D4と同様にして、試料H1およびH2の通信用電線を作製した。この際、対撚線の撚り構造として、試料H1については、上記で説明した第一の撚り構造(捻りなし)を採用し、試料H2については、第二の撚り構造(捻りあり)を採用した。対撚線の撚りピッチは、いずれも、絶縁電線の外径の20倍とした。シースの絶縁電線に対する密着力は、30Nとした。
上記で作製した各試料に対して、特性インピーダンスの測定を行った。測定は3回行い、3回の測定における特性インピーダンスの変動幅を記録した。
表11に、撚り構造の種類と特性インピーダンスの変動幅の関係を示す。
10 対撚線
11 絶縁電線
12 導体
13 絶縁被覆
30,30’ シース
Claims (11)
- 引張強さが400MPa以上である導体と、該導体の外周を被覆する絶縁被覆と、からなる1対の絶縁電線が撚り合わせられた対撚線と、
前記対撚線の外周を被覆する誘電正接が0.0001以上の絶縁材料よりなるシースと、を有し、
特性インピーダンスが、100±10Ωの範囲にあることを特徴とする通信用電線。 - 前記シースの誘電正接は、前記絶縁被覆の誘電正接よりも大きいことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の通信用電線。
- 前記シースと前記対撚線を構成する前記絶縁電線との間に、空隙が存在することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の通信用電線。
- 前記通信用電線の軸に交差する断面において、前記シースの外周縁に囲まれた領域の面積のうち、前記空隙が占める面積の割合は、8%以上であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の通信用電線。
- 前記通信用電線の軸に交差する断面において、前記シースの外周縁に囲まれた領域の面積のうち、前記空隙が占める面積の割合は、30%以下であることを特徴とする請求項3または4に記載の通信用電線。
- 前記絶縁電線の導体断面積は、0.22mm2未満であることを特徴とする請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の通信用電線。
- 前記絶縁電線の絶縁被覆の厚さは、0.30mm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載の通信用電線。
- [規則91に基づく訂正 30.01.2017]
前記絶縁電線の外径は、1.05mm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1から7のいずれか1項に記載の通信用電線。 - [規則91に基づく訂正 30.01.2017]
前記絶縁電線の導体の破断伸びは、7%以上であることを特徴とする請求項1から8のいずれか1項に記載の通信用電線。 - [規則91に基づく訂正 30.01.2017]
前記対撚線における撚りピッチは、前記絶縁電線の外径の45倍以下であることを特徴とする請求項1から9のいずれか1項に記載の通信用電線。 - [規則91に基づく訂正 30.01.2017]
前記絶縁電線に対する前記シースの密着力は、4N以上であることを特徴とする請求項1から10のいずれか1項に記載の通信用電線。
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