WO2017164181A1 - 新規なジアミンから得られる重合体を含有する液晶配向剤 - Google Patents
新規なジアミンから得られる重合体を含有する液晶配向剤 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017164181A1 WO2017164181A1 PCT/JP2017/011252 JP2017011252W WO2017164181A1 WO 2017164181 A1 WO2017164181 A1 WO 2017164181A1 JP 2017011252 W JP2017011252 W JP 2017011252W WO 2017164181 A1 WO2017164181 A1 WO 2017164181A1
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- liquid crystal
- formula
- aligning agent
- diamine
- crystal aligning
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- 0 C[*-](C)Cc1c(C)c(C)cc(Cc2cc(C)c(C)cc2)c1 Chemical compound C[*-](C)Cc1c(C)c(C)cc(Cc2cc(C)c(C)cc2)c1 0.000 description 5
- YXBIAYXZUDJVEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc(c(C)c1)ccc1-c1cc(C)c(C)cc1 Chemical compound Cc(c(C)c1)ccc1-c1cc(C)c(C)cc1 YXBIAYXZUDJVEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IBTSGMHEZCTIPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc(cc1)ccc1[N]#C Chemical compound Cc(cc1)ccc1[N]#C IBTSGMHEZCTIPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GLFKFHJEFMLTOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1c(C)cc(C(C(F)(F)F)(C(F)(F)F)c2cc(C)c(C)cc2)cc1 Chemical compound Cc1c(C)cc(C(C(F)(F)F)(C(F)(F)F)c2cc(C)c(C)cc2)cc1 GLFKFHJEFMLTOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1ccc(C)cc1 Chemical compound Cc1ccc(C)cc1 URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/54—Additives having no specific mesophase characterised by their chemical composition
- C09K19/56—Aligning agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133711—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films
- G02F1/133723—Polyimide, polyamide-imide
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/55—Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal aligning agent comprising a polymer obtained from a novel diamine having a protective group (hereinafter also referred to as a heat-removable group) that can be replaced with a hydrogen atom by heat, and a liquid crystal aligning film obtained from this liquid crystal aligning agent About.
- Liquid crystal display elements used for liquid crystal televisions, liquid crystal displays, and the like are usually provided with a liquid crystal alignment film for controlling the alignment state of the liquid crystals.
- a liquid crystal alignment film a polyimide-based liquid crystal alignment film obtained by applying a polyimide precursor such as polyamic acid (polyamic acid) or a liquid crystal aligning agent mainly composed of a soluble polyimide solution to a glass substrate or the like and baking it is mainly used. Yes.
- this liquid crystal alignment film is rubbed in one direction with a cloth of cotton, nylon, polyester or the like on the surface of the polyimide liquid crystal alignment film formed on the electrode substrate. It is manufactured by performing a so-called rubbing process.
- Patent Document 1 proposes that a polyimide film having an alicyclic structure such as a cyclobutane ring in the main chain is used for the photo-alignment method.
- liquid crystal alignment films have high liquid crystal alignment characteristics and stable pretilt angles in addition to the demands for suppressing the decrease in contrast and reducing the afterimage phenomenon. Characteristics such as a voltage holding ratio, suppression of an afterimage generated by AC driving, a small residual charge when a DC voltage is applied, and / or a quick relaxation of a residual charge accumulated by a DC voltage are important.
- Various proposals have been made for polyimide-based liquid crystal alignment films in order to meet the above requirements (see Patent Documents 2 to 6).
- the sealing agent used to make a liquid crystal display element by bonding two substrates is applied on the polyimide-based liquid crystal alignment film, but polyimide has no polar group There is a problem that the covalent bond is not formed between the sealant and the liquid crystal alignment film surface and the adhesion between the substrates becomes insufficient.
- the present invention provides a liquid crystal display element that is excellent in adhesiveness (adhesiveness) between a polyimide-based liquid crystal alignment film and a sealant or a substrate and is resistant to impact, and to obtain such a liquid crystal display element. It is an object to provide a liquid crystal aligning agent.
- the present inventor has conducted earnest research and has found that the liquid crystal contains at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of a polyimide precursor having a specific structure and an imidized polymer of the polyimide precursor.
- the inventors have found that the above-mentioned problems can be achieved by using an aligning agent, and have reached the present invention.
- the present invention is based on this finding and has the following gist. 1.
- a liquid crystal aligning agent comprising a polymer obtained from a diamine having a structure represented by the following formula (1) (wherein Boc represents tertiary butyloxycarbonyl). 2.
- a polyimide precursor having a structural unit represented by the following formula (6) and a polyimide that is an imidized product thereof.
- X 1 is a tetravalent organic group derived from a tetracarboxylic acid derivative
- Y 1 is a divalent organic group derived from a diamine having the structure of the formula (1)
- two R 4 Are each independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- X 2 is a tetravalent organic group derived from a tetracarboxylic acid derivative
- Y 2 is a divalent organic group derived from a diamine that does not have the structure of formula (1) in the main chain direction).
- R 4 's are each independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms
- two R 5' s are each independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- X 2 is at least one selected from the group consisting of formulas (A-1) to (A-21) described later. 7).
- Y 2 in the formula (7) is at least one selected from the group consisting of formulas (B-1) to (B-30) described later. 8).
- liquid crystal aligning agent according to any one of 1 to 9 above, which contains at least one organic solvent selected from the group consisting of cyclopentanone.
- a liquid crystal alignment film obtained from the liquid crystal aligning agent according to any one of 1 to 10 above. 12 12. A liquid crystal display device comprising the liquid crystal alignment film as described in 11 above. 13.
- the liquid crystal aligning film excellent in adhesiveness with a sealing compound is obtained.
- a liquid crystal display element excellent in adhesion between substrates and resistant to impact can be obtained.
- the mechanism for improving the adhesion with the sealant is not necessarily clear, but as a result of the amino group being generated by the removal of the protective group by heating, the amino group that is a polar group is exposed on the surface of the liquid crystal alignment film, It is considered that the adhesion between the liquid crystal alignment film and the sealant is improved by the interaction between the amino group and the functional group in the sealant.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention contains a polymer (hereinafter also referred to as a specific polymer) obtained from a novel diamine having a structure represented by the following formula (1) (also referred to as a specific diamine in the present invention). It is a liquid crystal aligning agent.
- the polymer of the present invention is a polymer obtained from a diamine having the structure of the above formula (1) (wherein Boc represents tertiary butyloxycarbonyl).
- the structure of the above formula (1) has the following structure with respect to N (Boc) 2 : 2,3-position, 2,4-position, 2,5-position, 2,6-position, 3,4-position, Bonds to other structures at the 5-position, preferably the 3,5-position.
- N (Boc) 2 in the structure of the above formula (1) is a thermal leaving group. This thermally leaving group is decomposed and replaced with a hydrogen atom at a normal temperature (150 ° C. to 300 ° C.) for firing.
- the diamine having the structure of the above formula (1) can be represented by the following formula (DA), for example.
- DA formula (DA)
- N Boc
- 2, 2,3- position, 2,4-position, 2,5-position, 2,6-position, 3,4-position, 3 It binds NH 2 at the 5-position, preferably the 3,5-position.
- the method for synthesizing the specific diamine of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- a compound 1 in which hydrogen of aniline in 3,5-dinitroaniline is substituted with tertiary butyloxycarbonyl by reacting 3,5-dinitroaniline with a tertiary butyloxycarbonylating agent. can be mentioned.
- di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (Boc 2 O) as a tertiary butyloxycarbonylating agent is preferably 2 to 5 moles, more preferably Use 2.3 to 3.0 moles.
- Tertiary butyloxycarbonylating agents include N-tert-butoxycarbonylimidazole, tert-butylphenyl carbonate, tert-butyl carbamate, tert-butyl chloroformate, di-tert-butyl dicarbonate, and the like. Is di-tert-butyl dicarbonate.
- a base for example, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate, potassium phosphate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, Inorganic bases such as lithium carbonate and cesium carbonate; amines such as trimethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, triisopropylamine, tributylamine, diisopropylethylamine, pyridine, N, N-dimethyl-4-aminopyridine, imidazole, quinoline, collidine Bases such as sodium hydride, potassium hydride, sodium tert-butoxy, potassium tert-butoxy; and the like can be used. Of these, N, N-dimethyl-4-aminopyridine (DMAP) is preferable.
- the amount of the base used is 0.01 to 5.0 equivalent parts, preferably 0.01 to 0.10 equivalent parts relative to 3,5-dinitroaniline.
- any solvent that does not react with each raw material can be used.
- aprotic polar organic solvents (DMF (dimethylformamide), DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide), DMAc (dimethyl acetate), NMP (N-methylpyrrolidone), etc.); ethers (Et 2 O (diethyl ether), i -Pr 2 O (isopropyl ether), TBME (tertiary butyl methyl ether), CPME (cyclopentyl methyl ether), THF (tetrahydrofuran), dioxane, etc.); aliphatic hydrocarbons (pentane, hexane, heptane, petroleum ether, etc.) ); Aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, xylene, mesitylene, chlorobenzene, dichlor
- the solvent can be dried using a suitable dehydrating agent or desiccant and used as a non-aqueous solvent.
- ester solvents such as ethyl acetate are preferable, and ethyl acetate is particularly preferable.
- the amount of the solvent used is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use 0.1 to 100 parts by mass of the solvent with respect to 1 part by mass of 3,5-dinitroaniline. More preferably, it is 0.5 to 30 parts by mass, and even more preferably 1 to 10 parts by mass.
- the reaction temperature is not particularly limited, but is in the range from ⁇ 100 ° C. to the boiling point of the solvent used, preferably in the range of ⁇ 50 to 150 ° C.
- the reaction time is usually 0.05 to 200 hours, preferably 0.5 to 100 hours.
- diamine DA-1 is obtained by reducing Compound 1 obtained above.
- Examples of the reduction method include a hydrogenation reaction in the presence of a catalyst, a reduction reaction performed in the presence of protons, a reduction reaction using formic acid as a hydrogen source, a reduction reaction using hydrazine as a hydrogen source, and the like. A plurality of may be combined. Considering the structure and reactivity of Compound 1, the reduction method is preferably a hydrogenation reaction in the presence of a catalyst.
- the catalyst used for the hydrogenation reaction is preferably an activated carbon-supported metal available as a commercial product, and examples thereof include palladium-activated carbon, platinum-activated carbon, and rhodium-activated carbon. Palladium hydroxide, platinum oxide, Raney nickel, etc. can also be used, and it is not necessarily required to be an activated carbon-supported metal catalyst. Palladium-activated carbon that is widely used in general is preferred because good results are obtained such as no generation of waste after the reaction and side reactions are unlikely to occur.
- the amount of the catalyst used is not particularly limited, but is 0.0001 to 0.1 mol, preferably 0.001 to 0.01 mol, relative to 1 mol of compound 1, from the viewpoint of reactivity.
- the reaction may be carried out in the presence of activated carbon.
- the amount of the activated carbon to be used is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 20% by mass, more preferably 5 to 10% by mass with respect to 100% by mass of Compound 1.
- the reaction may be carried out under pressurized hydrogen.
- it in order to avoid reduction of benzene nuclei, it is carried out in a pressure range up to 20 atm.
- the reaction is preferably carried out in the range up to 10 atm.
- a solvent does not react with each raw material, it can be used without a restriction
- aprotic polar organic solvents DMF, DMSO, DMAc, NMP, etc.
- ethers Et 2 O, i-Pr 2 O, TBME, CPME, THF, dioxane, etc.
- aliphatic hydrocarbons penentane, Hexane, heptane, petroleum ether, etc.
- aromatic hydrocarbons benzene, toluene, xylene, mesitylene, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, nitrobenzene, tetralin, etc.
- halogenated hydrocarbons chloroform, dichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, dichloroethane) Etc.
- lower fatty acid esters methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl propionate, etc.
- solvents can be appropriately selected in consideration of the ease of reaction. Moreover, it can be used individually by 1 type or in mixture of 2 or more types. If necessary, the solvent can be dried using a suitable dehydrating agent or desiccant and used as a non-aqueous solvent.
- the amount of solvent used is not particularly limited, but is 0.1 to 100 parts by mass with respect to 1 part by mass of Compound 1.
- the amount is preferably 0.5 to 30 parts by mass, and more preferably 1 to 10 parts by mass.
- the reaction temperature is not particularly limited, but is in the range from ⁇ 100 ° C. to the boiling point of the solvent used, preferably ⁇ 50 to 150 ° C.
- the reaction time is usually 0.05 to 350 hours, preferably 0.5 to 100 hours.
- the polymer of the present invention is a polymer obtained using the diamine. Specific examples include polyamic acid, polyamic acid ester, polyimide, polyurea, polyamide and the like. From the viewpoint of a liquid crystal aligning agent, the polymer of the present invention is more preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of a polyimide precursor having a structural unit represented by the following formula (6) and a polyimide that is an imidized product thereof. preferable.
- X 1 is a tetravalent organic group derived from a tetracarboxylic acid derivative
- Y 1 is a divalent organic group derived from a diamine having the structure of formula (1)
- Each R 4 is independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- the two R 4 groups are each independently preferably a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or an ethyl group from the viewpoint of ease of imidization by heating.
- the polyimide precursor represents a polyamic acid and / or a polyamic acid ester.
- a polyamic acid is obtained by reaction of a diamine component and a tetracarboxylic acid derivative.
- the polyamic acid ester can be obtained by reacting a diamine component with a tetracarboxylic acid diester dichloride in the presence of a base, or reacting a tetracarboxylic acid diester with a diamine in the presence of a suitable condensing agent or base.
- the polyimide used in the present invention include polyimides obtained by ring-closing the polyimide precursor. In this polyimide, the ring closure rate (also referred to as imidation rate) of the amic acid group is not necessarily 100%, and can be arbitrarily adjusted according to the use and purpose.
- Examples of the method for imidizing the polyimide precursor include thermal imidization in which the polyimide precursor solution is heated as it is, or catalytic imidization in which a catalyst is added to the polyimide precursor solution.
- X 1 is a tetravalent organic group derived from a tetracarboxylic acid derivative, and its structure is not particularly limited.
- X 1 in the polyimide precursor is required for the solubility of the polymer in the solvent, the coating property of the liquid crystal aligning agent, the orientation of the liquid crystal when it is used as the liquid crystal alignment film, the voltage holding ratio, the accumulated charge, etc.
- one type may be used in the same polymer, or two or more types may be mixed.
- Specific examples of X 1 include structures of formulas (X-1) to (X-46) and the like, which are listed on pages 13 to 14 of International Publication No. 2015/119168.
- (A-1) and (A-2) are particularly preferred from the viewpoint of further improving rubbing resistance.
- (A-4) is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of further improving the rate of relaxation of accumulated charges.
- (A-15) to (A-17) are particularly preferable from the viewpoint of further improving the liquid crystal orientation and the rate of relaxation of accumulated charges.
- Y 1 include a structure in which two amino groups are removed from the diamine of Formula (DA).
- the content of the structural unit represented by the formula (6) is preferably 10 to 100 mol%, more preferably 20 to 80 mol%, particularly preferably based on the total structural units of the polymer. 30 to 60 mol%.
- the polyimide precursor having a structural unit represented by the formula (6) may further have a structural unit represented by the following formula (7).
- X 2 is a tetravalent organic group derived from a tetracarboxylic acid derivative
- Y 2 is a divalent organic group derived from a diamine that does not have the structure of the formula (1) in the main chain direction.
- two R 4 are the same as defined in the formula (6), and the two R 5 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- X 2 include the same structures as those exemplified for X 1 in formula (6), including preferred examples.
- Y 2 in the polyimide precursor is a divalent organic group derived from a diamine that does not have the structure of formula (1) in the main chain direction, and the structure is not particularly limited. Y 2 depends on the degree of required properties such as the solubility of the polymer in the solvent, the coating property of the liquid crystal aligning agent, the orientation of the liquid crystal when it is used as the liquid crystal alignment film, the voltage holding ratio, and the accumulated charge. 1 type may be selected in the same polymer, and 2 or more types may be mixed.
- Y 2 the structure of formula (2) published on page 4 of International Publication No. 2015/119168, and formulas (Y-1) to (Y -97), structures of (Y-101) to (Y-119); a divalent organic group obtained by removing two amino groups from formula (2), which is published on page 6 of International Publication No. 2013/008906; Bivalent organic group obtained by removing two amino groups from Formula (1) published on page 8 of International Publication No. 2015/122413; Structure of Formula (3) published on page 8 of International Publication No. 2015/060360 A divalent organic group obtained by removing two amino groups from formula (1) described on page 8 of JP-A-2012-173514; formula (A)- (F) Divalent organic group obtained by removing two amino groups, etc. It is done.
- (B-28) and (B-29) are particularly preferable from the viewpoint of further improving the rubbing resistance.
- (B-1) to (B-3) are particularly preferable from the viewpoint of further improving the liquid crystal alignment.
- (B-14) to (B-18) and (B-27) are particularly preferable from the viewpoint of further improving the relaxation rate of accumulated charges.
- (B-26) is preferable from the viewpoint of further improving the voltage holding ratio.
- the polyimide precursor which has a structural unit represented by Formula (6) further has a structural unit represented by Formula (7)
- content of the structural unit represented by Formula (6) is Formula (6).
- the formula (7) is preferably 10 to 100 mol%, more preferably 20 to 80 mol%, and particularly preferably 30 to 60 mol%.
- the molecular weight of the polyimide precursor used in the present invention is preferably 2,000 to 500,000 in terms of weight average molecular weight, more preferably 5,000 to 300,000, still more preferably 10,000 to 100,000. is there.
- liquid crystal aligning agent of this invention contains the polymer (specific polymer) obtained from the diamine which has a structure represented by Formula (1), it contains 2 or more types of specific polymers of a different structure. It may be. Moreover, in addition to a specific polymer, you may contain the other polymer, ie, the polymer which does not have a bivalent group represented by Formula (1).
- polystyrene-phenylmaleimide poly (meta ) Acrylate and the like.
- the ratio of the specific polymer to the total polymer components is preferably 5% by mass or more, and an example thereof is 5 to 95% by mass.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent is used for producing a liquid crystal aligning film, and takes the form of a coating liquid from the viewpoint of forming a uniform thin film. Also in the liquid crystal aligning agent of this invention, it is preferable that it is a coating liquid containing an above-described polymer component and an organic solvent. At that time, the concentration of the polymer in the liquid crystal aligning agent can be appropriately changed by setting the thickness of the coating film to be formed. 1% by mass or more is preferable from the viewpoint of forming a uniform and defect-free coating film, and 10% by mass or less is preferable from the viewpoint of storage stability of the solution. A particularly preferred polymer concentration is 2 to 8% by mass.
- the organic solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent is not particularly limited as long as the polymer component is uniformly dissolved.
- Specific examples are N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, ⁇ -butyrolactone, 1,3-dimethyl.
- -Imidazolidinone methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone and the like.
- N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, or ⁇ -butyrolactone is preferably used.
- the organic solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent uses a mixed solvent that is used in combination with a solvent that improves the coating properties and the surface smoothness of the coating film when the liquid crystal aligning agent is applied in addition to the above-described solvents. It is preferable. Specific examples of the organic solvent to be used in combination are given below, but the organic solvent is not limited to these examples.
- ethanol isopropyl alcohol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, isobutyl alcohol, tert-butyl alcohol, 1-pentanol, 2-pentanol, 3-pentanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, isopentyl alcohol, tert-pentyl alcohol, 3-methyl-2-butanol, neopentyl alcohol, 1-hexanol, 2-methyl-1-pentanol, 2-methyl-2-pentanol, 2-ethyl-1-butanol, 1-heptanol 2-heptanol, 3-heptanol, 1-octanol, 2-octanol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, cyclohexanol, 1-methylcyclohexanol, 2-methylcyclohexanol, 3-methylcyclohexanol, 1,2- Etanji 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propaned
- D 1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- D 2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- D-3 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- Such a solvent are appropriately selected according to the liquid crystal aligning agent coating apparatus, coating conditions, coating environment, and the like.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention may additionally contain components other than the polymer component and the organic solvent.
- additional components include an adhesion aid for increasing the adhesion between the liquid crystal alignment film and the substrate and the adhesion between the liquid crystal alignment film and the sealing material, a crosslinking agent for increasing the strength of the liquid crystal alignment film, and the liquid crystal alignment.
- additional components include dielectrics and conductive materials for adjusting the dielectric constant and electric resistance of the film. Specific examples of these additional components are as disclosed in various known literatures relating to liquid crystal alignment agents. For example, International Publication No. 2015/060357, pages 53 [0105] to 55 [ [0116] and the like.
- the liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention is obtained from the liquid crystal alignment agent. If an example of the method of obtaining a liquid crystal aligning film from a liquid crystal aligning agent is given, a liquid crystal aligning agent in the form of a coating solution is applied to a substrate, dried and baked on a film obtained by rubbing or photo-aligning. And a method of performing an alignment treatment.
- the substrate to which the liquid crystal alignment agent is applied is not particularly limited as long as it is a highly transparent substrate, and a plastic substrate such as an acrylic substrate or a polycarbonate substrate can be used together with a glass substrate or a silicon nitride substrate. At that time, it is preferable to use a substrate on which an ITO electrode or the like for driving the liquid crystal is used in terms of simplification of the process.
- a substrate on which an ITO electrode or the like for driving the liquid crystal is used in terms of simplification of the process.
- an opaque object such as a silicon wafer can be used as long as only one substrate is used, and a material that reflects light such as aluminum can be used for the electrode in this case.
- the method for applying the liquid crystal aligning agent is not particularly limited, but industrially, screen printing, offset printing, flexographic printing, inkjet method, and the like are common.
- Other coating methods include a dipping method, a roll coater method, a slit coater method, a spinner method, and a spray method, and these may be used depending on the purpose.
- the solvent is evaporated and baked by a heating means such as a hot plate, a thermal circulation oven, an IR (infrared) oven, or the like.
- a heating means such as a hot plate, a thermal circulation oven, an IR (infrared) oven, or the like.
- Arbitrary temperature and time can be selected for the drying and baking steps after applying the liquid crystal aligning agent.
- the thickness of the liquid crystal alignment film after firing is not particularly limited, but if it is too thin, the reliability of the liquid crystal display element may be lowered, and is preferably 5 to 300 nm, and more preferably 10 to 200 nm.
- the liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention is suitable as a liquid crystal alignment film of a horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display element such as a TN (twisted nematic) method, an IPS (in-plane switching) method, an FFS method, and the like. It is useful as a liquid crystal alignment film of the device.
- a horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display element such as a TN (twisted nematic) method, an IPS (in-plane switching) method, an FFS method, and the like. It is useful as a liquid crystal alignment film of the device.
- the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is a device in which a liquid crystal cell is prepared by a known method after obtaining a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film obtained from the liquid crystal aligning agent, and the liquid crystal cell is used as an element.
- a liquid crystal display element having a passive matrix structure will be described as an example.
- an active matrix liquid crystal display element in which a switching element such as a TFT is provided in each pixel portion constituting the image display may be used.
- a transparent glass substrate is prepared, a common electrode is provided on one substrate, and a segment electrode is provided on the other substrate.
- These electrodes can be ITO electrodes, for example, and are patterned so as to display a desired image.
- an insulating film is provided on each substrate so as to cover the common electrode and the segment electrode.
- the insulating film can be, for example, a film made of SiO 2 —TiO 2 formed by a sol-gel method.
- a liquid crystal alignment film is formed on each substrate under the above conditions.
- an ultraviolet curable sealing material is disposed at a predetermined position on one of the two substrates on which the liquid crystal alignment film is formed, and liquid crystals are disposed at predetermined positions on the liquid crystal alignment film surface.
- the other substrate is bonded and pressure-bonded so that the liquid crystal alignment film faces, and the liquid crystal is spread on the front surface of the liquid crystal alignment film, and then the entire surface of the substrate is irradiated with ultraviolet rays to cure the sealing material. Get a cell.
- an opening that can be filled with liquid crystal from the outside is provided when a sealing material is disposed at a predetermined location on one substrate.
- a liquid crystal material is injected into the liquid crystal cell through an opening provided in the sealing material, and then the opening is sealed with an adhesive to obtain a liquid crystal cell.
- the liquid crystal material may be injected by a vacuum injection method or a method utilizing capillary action in the atmosphere.
- liquid crystal material examples include a nematic liquid crystal and a smectic liquid crystal.
- a nematic liquid crystal is preferable, and either a positive liquid crystal material or a negative liquid crystal material may be used.
- a polarizing plate is installed. Specifically, it is preferable to attach a pair of polarizing plates to the surfaces of the two substrates opposite to the liquid crystal layer.
- the liquid crystal alignment film and the liquid crystal display element of the present invention are not limited to the above description, and may be prepared by other known methods. Processes for obtaining a liquid crystal display element from a liquid crystal aligning agent are also disclosed in a number of documents in addition to, for example, JP-A-2015-135393, page 17 [0074] to page 19 [0081].
- Boc tert-butoxycarbonyl group
- Boc 2 O di-tert-butyl dicarbonate
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- GBL ⁇ -butyrolactone
- BCS butyl cellosolve
- CA-1 pyromellitic dianhydride
- CA-2 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride
- CA-3 1,3-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride
- DA-1 Refer to the following formula (DA-1), DA-2: 1,5-bis (4-aminophenoxy) pentane, DA-3: p-phenylenediamine, DA-4: 1,2-bis (4-aminophenoxy) ) Ethane, DA-5:
- the molecular weight of the polyamic acid solution is as follows using a normal temperature gel permeation chromatography (GPC) apparatus (GPC-101) (manufactured by Showa Denko KK) and columns (KD-803, KD-805) (manufactured by Shodex). And measured.
- GPC gel permeation chromatography
- Example 1 Based on 17.56 g of the polyamic acid solution obtained in Synthesis Example 1, 4.90 g of NMP, 2.40 g of NMP solution containing 1.0% by weight of 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane, and BCS10 0.000 g was added to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (AL-1) having a concentration of 6% by mass. In this liquid crystal aligning agent (AL-1), no abnormality such as turbidity or generation of precipitate was observed, and it was confirmed that the liquid crystal aligning agent (AL-1) was a uniform solution.
- Example 2 To 6.62 g of the polyamic acid solution obtained in Synthesis Example 3, 1.99 g of NMP, 0.88 g of NMP solution containing 1.0% by weight of 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane, and BCS3 .67 g was added to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (AL-2) having a concentration of 6% by mass.
- This liquid crystal aligning agent (AL-2) was confirmed to be a uniform solution with no abnormalities such as turbidity and generation of precipitates.
- Example 3 Based on 6.71 g of the polyamic acid solution obtained in Synthesis Example 4, 2.15 g of NMP, 0.88 g of NMP solution containing 1.0% by weight of 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane, and BCS3 .66 g was added to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (AL-3) having a concentration of 6% by mass. This liquid crystal aligning agent (AL-3) was confirmed to be a uniform solution with no abnormalities such as turbidity and generation of precipitates.
- Example 4 With respect to 5.03 g of the polyamic acid solution obtained in Synthesis Example 3, 2.68 g of the polyamic acid solution obtained in Synthesis Example 6, 0.93 g of NMP, and 1.3 g of 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane. 0.88 g of GBL solution containing 0% by weight, 3.92 g of GBL and 3.2 g of BCS were added to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (AL-4) having a concentration of 6% by mass. This liquid crystal aligning agent (AL-4) was confirmed to be a uniform solution with no abnormalities such as turbidity and generation of precipitates.
- Example 5 With respect to 5.01 g of the polyamic acid solution obtained in Synthesis Example 4, 2.67 g of the polyamic acid solution obtained in Synthesis Example 6, 1.00 g of NMP, and 1.30 g of 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane. 0.88 g of GBL solution containing 0% by weight, 3.92 g of GBL and 3.2 g of BCS were added to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (AL-5) having a concentration of 6% by mass. This liquid crystal aligning agent (AL-5) was confirmed to be a uniform solution with no abnormalities such as turbidity and generation of precipitates.
- Two substrates thus obtained were prepared, and a 4 ⁇ m diameter bead spacer was sprayed on the liquid crystal alignment film surface of one of the substrates, and then a sealant (XN-1500T manufactured by Kyoritsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) was dropped. Next, bonding was performed so that the liquid crystal alignment film surface of the other substrate was inside, and the overlapping width of the substrates was 1 cm. At that time, the amount of the sealant dropped was adjusted so that the diameter of the sealant after bonding was about 3 mm.
- the two bonded substrates were fixed with a clip and then thermally cured at 120 ° C. for 1 hour to prepare a sample for evaluating adhesiveness.
- Each of the liquid crystal aligning agents (AL-2 to AL-5) obtained in Examples 2 to 5 and the liquid crystal aligning agents (AL-2b and 3b) obtained in Comparative Examples 2 and 3 each had a pore diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m. After filtering with a filter, it spin-coated on the glass substrate with a transparent electrode, dried for 2 minutes on an 80 degreeC hotplate, and baked at 230 degreeC for 20 minutes, and obtained the coating film with a film thickness of 100 nm. The coating surface was irradiated with UV light of 254 nm through a polarizing plate at 150 mJ / cm 2 to obtain a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film.
- Two substrates thus obtained were prepared, and a 4 ⁇ m diameter bead spacer was sprayed on the liquid crystal alignment film surface of one of the substrates, and then a sealant (XN-1500T manufactured by Kyoritsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) was dropped. Next, bonding was performed so that the liquid crystal alignment film surface of the other substrate was inside, and the overlapping width of the substrates was 1 cm. At that time, the amount of the sealant dropped was adjusted so that the diameter of the sealant after bonding was about 3 mm.
- the two bonded substrates were fixed with a clip and then thermally cured at 120 ° C. for 1 hour to prepare a sample for evaluating adhesiveness.
- Table 2 shows the results of seal adhesion performed on the liquid crystal alignment agents AL-2, AL-3, and AL-2b.
- Table 3 shows the results of seal adhesion performed on the liquid crystal alignment agents AL-4, AL-5, and AL-3b.
- the imidized polymer film was rubbed with a rayon cloth (roll diameter 120 mm, rotation speed 1000 rpm, moving speed 20 mm / sec, pushing amount 0.4 mm), and then irradiated with ultrasonic waves in pure water for 1 minute, 80 Dry at 10 ° C. for 10 minutes.
- Prepare two substrates with a liquid crystal alignment film install a spacer with a diameter of 4 ⁇ m on the liquid crystal alignment film surface of one of the substrates, combine them so that the rubbing directions of the two substrates are antiparallel, and leave the liquid crystal injection port Then, the periphery was sealed, and an empty cell having a cell gap of 4 ⁇ m was produced.
- Liquid crystal (MLC-2041, manufactured by Merck & Co., Inc.) was vacuum-injected into this cell at room temperature, and the inlet was sealed to obtain an anti-parallel liquid crystal cell.
- Each of the liquid crystal aligning agents (AL-2 to AL-5) obtained in Examples 2 to 5 and the liquid crystal aligning agents (AL-2b and AL-3b) obtained in Comparative Examples 2 and 3 were combined with a pore diameter of 1. After filtration through a 0 ⁇ m filter, the resultant was spin-coated on a glass substrate with a transparent electrode, dried on an 80 ° C. hot plate for 2 minutes, and then baked at 230 ° C. for 20 minutes to obtain a coating film having a thickness of 100 nm.
- the coating surface was irradiated with UV light of 254 nm through a polarizing plate at 150 mJ / cm 2 to obtain a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film.
- Two substrates with such a liquid crystal alignment film are prepared, a spacer having a diameter of 4 ⁇ m is set on the liquid crystal alignment film surface of one of the substrates, and then combined so that the rubbing directions of the two substrates are antiparallel.
- the periphery was sealed except for the inlet, and an empty cell having a cell gap of 4 ⁇ m was produced.
- Liquid crystal (MLC-2041, manufactured by Merck & Co., Inc.) was vacuum-injected into this cell at room temperature, and the inlet was sealed to obtain an anti-parallel liquid crystal cell.
- a liquid crystal alignment film having good liquid crystal alignment properties and excellent adhesion to a sealing agent can be obtained.
- this invention has high industrial applicability, such as the adhesiveness (adhesiveness) of a polyimide type liquid crystal aligning film, a sealing agent, and a board
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Abstract
Description
1.下記式(1)で表される構造を有するジアミン(式中、Bocはターシャリーブチルオキシカルボニルを表す。)から得られる重合体を含有することを特徴とする液晶配向剤。
4.前記式(6)中、X1が後述する式(A-1)~式(A-21)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である、前記3に記載の液晶配向剤。
5.前記式(6)で表される構造単位を有するポリイミド前駆体が、下記式(7)で表される構造単位をさらに有する前記3又は4に記載の液晶配向剤。
6.前記式(7)中、X2が後述する式(A-1)~式(A-21)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である、前記5に記載の液晶配向剤。
7.前記式(7)中、Y2が後述する式(B-1)~式(B-30)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である、前記5又は6に記載の液晶配向剤。
8.式(6)で表される構造単位の含有量が、重合体の全構造単位に対して、10~100モル%である、前記3~7に記載の液晶配向剤。
9.前記ポリイミド前駆体の分子量は、重量平均分子量で2,000~500,000である前記3~8に記載の液晶配向剤。
10.N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン、N-エチル-2-ピロリドン、ジメチルスルホキシド、γ-ブチロラクトン、1,3-ジメチル-イミダゾリジノン、メチルエチルケトン、シクロヘキサノン、及びシクロペンタノンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の有機溶媒を含有する前記1~9に記載の液晶配向剤。
11.前記1~10のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤から得られる液晶配向膜。
12.前記11に記載の液晶配向膜を具備する液晶表示素子。
13.上記式(1)で表される構造を有するジアミン(式中、Bocはターシャリーブチルオキシカルボニルを表す)から得られる重合体。
14.前記ジアミンが上記式(DA)で表されるジアミンである前記13記載の重合体。15.上記式(DA)で表されるジアミン(式中、Bocはターシャリーブチルオキシカルボニルを表す)。
この液晶配向膜を用いることにより、基板同士の密着性に優れ、衝撃に強い液晶表示素子が得られる。シール剤との密着性が向上するメカニズムについては、必ずしも明らかではないが、加熱によって保護基が脱離しアミノ基が生成される結果、液晶配向膜の表面に極性基であるアミノ基が露出し、かかるアミノ基と、シール剤中の官能基との間の相互作用により、液晶配向膜とシール剤との密着性が向上するものと思われる。
上記式(1)の構造は、N(Boc)2に対して、2,3-位、2,4-位、2,5-位、2,6-位、3,4-位、3,5-位、好ましくは3,5-位で他の構造と結合する。
上記式(1)の構造のN(Boc)2は、熱脱離性基である。この熱脱離性基は、焼成される通常の温度(150℃~300℃)にて、分解し、水素原子に置き換わる。
以下に、前述したジアミンを得る方法について説明する。
本発明の特定ジアミンを合成する方法は特に限定されない。例えば、下記で示すように、3,5-ジニトロアニリンをターシャリーブチルオキシカルボニル化剤と反応させることによって、3,5-ジニトロアニリンにおけるアニリンの水素がターシャリーブチルオキシカルボニルで置換された化合物1を合成する方法を挙げることができる。
ターシャリーブチルオキシカルボニル化剤としては、N-tert-ブトキシカルボニルイミダゾール、炭酸tert-ブチルフェニル、カルバジン酸tert-ブチル、クロロギ酸tert-ブチル、二炭酸ジ-tert-ブチル等が挙げられ、特に好ましいのは二炭酸ジ-tert-ブチルである。
塩基の使用量は、3,5-ジニトロアニリンに対して、0.01~5.0当量部、好ましくは0.01~0.10当量部である。
例えば、非プロトン性極性有機溶媒(DMF(ジメチルホルムアミド)、DMSO(ジメチルスルホオキシド)、DMAc(ジメチルアセテート)、NMP(N-メチルピロリドン)など);エーテル類(Et2O(ジエチルエーテル)、i-Pr2O(イソプロピルエーテル)、TBME(ターシャリーブチルメチルエーテル)、CPME(シクロペンチルメチルエーテル)、THF(テトラヒドロフラン)、ジオキサンなど);脂肪族炭化水素類(ペンタン、へキサン、ヘプタン、石油エーテルなど);芳香族炭化水素類(ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン、メシチレン、クロロベンゼン、ジクロロベンゼン、ニトロベンゼン、テトラリンなど);ハロゲン系炭化水素類(クロロホルム、ジクロロメタン、四塩化炭素、ジクロロエタンなど);低級脂肪酸エステル類(酢酸メチル、酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチル、プロピオン酸メチル等);ニトリル類(アセトニトリル、プロピオニトリル、ブチロニトリル等);等が使用できる。これらの溶媒は、反応の起こり易さなどを考慮して適宜選択することができる。また、1種単独で又は2種以上混合して用いることができる。必要に応じて、適当な脱水剤や乾燥剤を用いて溶媒を乾燥し、非水溶媒として用いることもできる。
溶媒としては、酢酸エチル等のエステル溶媒が好ましく、酢酸エチルが特に好ましい。
反応時間は、通常0.05~200時間、好ましくは0.5~100時間である。
反応終了後は、水を加えて分液することで、化合物1を含む溶液が得られる。
触媒の使用量は特に限定されないが、反応性の点から、化合物1の1モルに対して、0.0001~0.1モル、好ましくは0.001~0.01モルである。
例えば、非プロトン性極性有機溶媒(DMF、DMSO、DMAc、NMPなど);エーテル類(Et2O、i-Pr2O、TBME、CPME、THF、ジオキサンなど);脂肪族炭化水素類(ペンタン、へキサン、ヘプタン、石油エーテルなど);芳香族炭化水素類(ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン、メシチレン、クロロベンゼン、ジクロロベンゼン、ニトロベンゼン、テトラリンなど);ハロゲン系炭化水素類(クロロホルム、ジクロロメタン、四塩化炭素、ジクロロエタンなど);低級脂肪酸エステル類(酢酸メチル、酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチル、プロピオン酸メチル等);ニトリル類(アセトニトリル、プロピオニトリル、ブチロニトリル等);などが使用できる。なかでも、THF、ジオキサン、酢酸エチルが好ましい。
これらの溶媒は、反応の起こり易さなどを考慮して、適宜選択できる。また、1種単独で又は2種以上混合して用いることができる。必要に応じて、適当な脱水剤や乾燥剤を用いて溶媒を乾燥し、非水溶媒として用いることもできる。
本発明の重合体は、上記ジアミンを用いて得られる重合体である。具体例としては、ポリアミック酸、ポリアミック酸エステル、ポリイミド、ポリウレア、ポリアミドなどが挙げられる。本発明の重合体は、液晶配向剤としての観点から、下記式(6)で表される構造単位を有するポリイミド前駆体、及びそのイミド化物であるポリイミドからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種がより好ましい。
本発明において、ポリイミド前駆体とは、ポリアミック酸及び/又はポリアミック酸エステルを表す。ポリアミック酸は、ジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸誘導体との反応などによって得られる。ポリアミック酸エステルは、ジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸ジエステルジクロリドを塩基存在下で反応させるか、またはテトラカルボン酸ジエステルとジアミンを適当な縮合剤、塩基の存在下にて反応させることなどによって得られる。
本発明に用いるポリイミドとしては、前記のポリイミド前駆体を閉環させて得られるポリイミドが挙げられる。このポリイミドにおいては、アミド酸基の閉環率(イミド化率ともいう)は必ずしも100%である必要はなく、用途や目的に応じて任意に調整できる。
ポリイミド前駆体をイミド化させる方法としては、ポリイミド前駆体の溶液をそのまま加熱する熱イミド化、又はポリイミド前駆体の溶液に触媒を添加する触媒イミド化が挙げられる。
X1はテトラカルボン酸誘導体に由来する4価の有機基であり、その構造は特に限定されるものではない。また、ポリイミド前駆体中のX1は、重合体の溶媒への溶解性や液晶配向剤の塗布性、液晶配向膜とした場合における液晶の配向性、電圧保持率、蓄積電荷など、必要とされる特性の程度に応じて適宜選択され、同一重合体中に1種類であってもよく、2種類以上が混在していても良い。
X1の具体例を示すならば、国際公開公報2015/119168の13~14頁に掲載される、式(X-1)~(X-46)の構造などが挙げられる。
式(6)で表される構造単位の含有量は、重合体の全構造単位に対して、10~100モル%であることが好ましく、より好ましくは20~80モル%であり、特に好ましくは30~60モル%である。
式(6)で表される構造単位を有するポリイミド前駆体は、下記式(7)で表される構造単位をさらに有していても良い。
本発明の液晶配向剤は、式(1)で表される構造を有するジアミンから得られる重合体(特定重合体)を含有するものであるが、異なる構造の特定重合体を2種以上含有していてもよい。また、特定重合体に加えて、その他の重合体、即ち式(1)で表される2価の基を有さない重合体を含有していてもよい。その他の重合体の種類としては、ポリアミック酸、ポリイミド、ポリアミック酸エステル、ポリエステル、ポリアミド、ポリウレア、ポリオルガノシロキサン、セルロース誘導体、ポリアセタール、ポリスチレン又はその誘導体、ポリ(スチレン-フェニルマレイミド)誘導体、ポリ(メタ)アクリレートなどを挙げることができる。本発明の液晶配向剤がその他の重合体を含有する場合、全重合体成分に対する特定重合体の割合は5質量%以上であることが好ましく、その一例として5~95質量%が挙げられる。
例えば、エタノール、イソプロピルアルコール、1-ブタノール、2-ブタノール、イソブチルアルコール、tert-ブチルアルコール、1-ペンタノール、2-ペンタノール、3-ペンタノール、2-メチル-1-ブタノール、イソペンチルアルコール、tert-ペンチルアルコール、3-メチル-2-ブタノール、ネオペンチルアルコール、1-ヘキサノール、2-メチル-1-ペンタノール、2-メチル-2-ペンタノール、2-エチル-1-ブタノール、1-ヘプタノール、2-ヘプタノール、3-ヘプタノール、1-オクタノール、2-オクタノール、2-エチル-1-ヘキサノール、シクロヘキサノール、1-メチルシクロヘキサノール、2-メチルシクロヘキサノール、3-メチルシクロヘキサノール、1,2-エタンジオール、1,2-プロパンジオール、1,3-プロパンジオール、1,2-ブタンジオール、1,3-ブタンジオール、1,4-ブタンジオール、2,3-ブタンジオール、1,5-ペンタンジオール、2-メチル-2,4-ペンタンジオール、2-エチル-1,3-ヘキサンジオール、ジプロピルエーテル、ジブチルエーテル、ジヘキシルエーテル、ジオキサン、エチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、エチレングリコールジブチルエーテル、1,2-ブトキシエタン、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、4-ヒドロキシ-4-メチル-2-ペンタノン、ジエチレングリコールメチルエチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジブチルエーテル、2-ペンタノン、3-ペンタノン、2-ヘキサノン、2-ヘプタノン、4-ヘプタノン、3-エトキシブチルアセタート、1-メチルペンチルアセタート、2-エチルブチルアセタート、2-エチルヘキシルアセタート、エチレングリコールモノアセタート、エチレングリコールジアセタート、プロピレンカーボネート、エチレンカーボネート、2-(メトキシメトキシ)エタノール、エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノイソアミルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノヘキシルエーテル、2-(ヘキシルオキシ)エタノール、フルフリルアルコール、ジエチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、プロピレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、1-(ブトキシエトキシ)プロパノール、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセタート、ジプロピレングリコール、ジプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールジメチルエーテル、トリプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセタート、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセタート、エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテルアセタート、エチレングリコールモノアセタート、エチレングリコールジアセタート、ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセタート、ジエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテルアセタート、2-(2-エトキシエトキシ)エチルアセタート、ジエチレングリコールアセタート、トリエチレングリコール、トリエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、トリエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、乳酸メチル、乳酸エチル、酢酸メチル、酢酸エチル、酢酸n-ブチル、酢酸プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、ピルビン酸メチル、ピルビン酸エチル、3-メトキシプロピオン酸メチル、3-エトキシプロピオン酸メチルエチル、3-メトキシプロピオン酸エチル、3-エトキシプロピオン酸、3-メトキシプロピオン酸、3-メトキシプロピオン酸プロピル、3-メトキシプロピオン酸ブチル、乳酸メチルエステル、乳酸エチルエステル、乳酸n-プロピルエステル、乳酸n-ブチルエステル、乳酸イソアミルエステル、下記式[D-1]~[D-3]で表される溶媒などを挙げることができる。
本発明の液晶配向膜は、前記液晶配向剤から得られるものである。液晶配向剤から液晶配向膜を得る方法の一例を挙げるなら、塗布液形態の液晶配向剤を基板に塗布し、乾燥し、焼成して得られた膜に対してラビング処理法又は光配向処理法で配向処理を施す方法が挙げられる。
液晶配向剤の塗布方法は、特に限定されないが、工業的には、スクリーン印刷、オフセット印刷、フレキソ印刷、インクジェット法などが一般的である。その他の塗布方法としては、ディップ法、ロールコータ法、スリットコータ法、スピンナー法、スプレー法などがあり、目的に応じてこれらを用いてもよい。
焼成後の液晶配向膜の厚みは、特に限定されないが、薄すぎると液晶表示素子の信頼性が低下する場合があるので、5~300nmが好ましく、10~200nmがより好ましい。
本発明の液晶配向膜は、TN(ツイストネマチック)方式、IPS(インプレーンスイッチング)方式、FFS方式などの横電界方式の液晶表示素子の液晶配向膜として好適であり、特に、TN方式の液晶表示素子の液晶配向膜として有用である。
本発明の液晶表示素子は、上記液晶配向剤から得られる液晶配向膜付きの基板を得た後、既知の方法で液晶セルを作製し、該液晶セルを使用して素子としたものである。
液晶セルの作製方法の一例として、パッシブマトリクス構造の液晶表示素子を例にとり説明する。なお、画像表示を構成する各画素部分にTFTなどのスイッチング素子が設けられたアクティブマトリクス構造の液晶表示素子であってもよい。
上記の液晶材料としては、ネマチック液晶及びスメクチック液晶を挙げることができ、その中でもネマチック液晶が好ましく、ポジ型液晶材料やネガ型液晶材料のいずれを用いてもよい。次に、偏光板の設置を行う。具体的には、2枚の基板の液晶層とは反対側の面に一対の偏光板を貼り付けることが好ましい。
以下においては化合物の略号、及び特性評価の方法は、次のとおりである。Boc:tert-ブトキシカルボニル基、Boc2O:二炭酸ジ-tert-ブチル、NMP:N-メチル-2-ピロリドン、GBL:γ-ブチロラクトン、BCS:ブチルセロソルブ、CA-1:ピロメリット酸二無水物、CA-2:1,2,3,4-シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、CA-3:1,3-ジメチル-1,2,3,4-シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、DA-1:下記式(DA-1)参照、DA-2:1,5-ビス(4-アミノフェノキシ)ペンタン、DA-3:p-フェニレンジアミン、DA-4:1,2-ビス(4-アミノフェノキシ)エタン、DA-5:1,3-ビス(4-アミノフェノキシ)プロパン、DA-6:4-(2-メチルアミノエチル)アニリン、DA-7:1,3-ビス(4-アミノフェネチル)ウレア、DA-8:下記式(DA-8)参照。
ポリアミック酸溶液の分子量は、常温ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー(GPC)装置(GPC-101)(昭和電工社製)、カラム(KD-803,KD-805)(Shodex社製)を用いて、以下のようにして測定した。
カラム温度:50℃
溶離液:N,N’-ジメチルホルムアミド(添加剤として、臭化リチウム-水和物(LiBr・H2O)が30mmol/L(リットル)、リン酸・無水結晶(o-リン酸)が30mmol/L、テトラヒドロフラン(THF)が10ml/L)
流速:1.0ml/分
検量線作成用標準サンプル:TSK 標準ポリエチレンオキサイド(分子量;約900,000、150,000、100,000、及び30,000)(東ソー社製)及びポリエチレングリコール(分子量;約12,000、4,000、及び1,000)(ポリマーラボラトリー社製)。
ポリアミック酸溶液の25℃における粘度をE型粘度計(東機産業社製)で測定した。
撹拌装置付き及び窒素導入管付きの50ml四つ口フラスコに、DA-1(0.84g,2.60mmol)、及びDA-2(2.979g,10.40mmol)を入れ、NMP42.6gを加え、窒素を送りながら撹拌し溶解させた。これらのジアミン溶液を撹拌しながらCA-1を(2.54g,11.64mmol)添加し、更にNMP4.7gを加え、窒素雰囲気下、オイルバスを使用して50℃で12時間撹拌することで、樹脂固形分濃度12質量%のポリアミック酸溶液を得た。ポリアミック酸溶液の粘度は105mPa・sであった。このポリアミック酸の分子量はMn=11230、Mw=24392であった。
撹拌装置付き及び窒素導入管付きの100ml四つ口フラスコに、DA-2(6.87g,23.99mmol)を入れ、NMP56.1gを加え、窒素を送りながら撹拌し溶解させた。これらのジアミン溶液を撹拌しながらCA-1を(5.03g,23.06mmol)添加し、更にNMP31.2gを加え、窒素雰囲気下、室温で12時間撹拌することで、樹脂固形分濃度12質量%のポリアミック酸溶液を得た。ポリアミック酸溶液の粘度は114mPa・sであった。このポリアミック酸の分子量はMn=12760、Mw=35902であった。
撹拌装置付き及び窒素導入管付きの100ml四つ口フラスコに、DA-1(1.81g,5.60mmol)、DA-3(0.91g,8.40mmol)、DA-4(2.05g,8.40mmol)、DA-5(1.45g,5.60mmol)を入れ、NMP71.5gを加え、窒素を送りながら撹拌し溶解させた。これらのジアミン溶液を撹拌しながらCA-3を(6.09g,27.16mmol)添加し、更にNMP17.9gを加え、窒素雰囲気下、室温で12時間撹拌することで、樹脂固形分濃度12質量%のポリアミック酸溶液を得た。ポリアミック酸溶液の粘度は260mPa・sであった。このポリアミック酸の分子量はMn=11162、Mw=26075であった。
撹拌装置付き及び窒素導入管付きの100ml四つ口フラスコに、DA-1(0.94g,2.90mmol)、DA-3(0.94g,8.70mmol)、DA-4(2.13g,8.70mmol)、DA-5(2.25g,8.70mmol)を入れ、NMP72.5gを加え、窒素を送りながら撹拌し溶解させた。これらのジアミン溶液を撹拌しながらCA-3を(6.18g,27.55mmol)添加し、更にNMP18.1gを加え、窒素雰囲気下、室温で12時間撹拌することで、樹脂固形分濃度12質量%のポリアミック酸溶液を得た。ポリアミック酸溶液の粘度は373mPa・sであった。このポリアミック酸の分子量はMn=12835、Mw=27302であった。
撹拌装置付き及び窒素導入管付きの100ml四つ口フラスコに、DA-8(2.15g,5.40mmol)、DA-3(0.88g,8.10mmol)、DA-4(1.98g,8.10mmol)、DA-5(1.40g,5.40mmol)を入れ、NMP71.3gを加え、窒素を送りながら撹拌し溶解させた。これらのジアミン溶液を撹拌しながらCA-3を(5.81g,25.92mmol)添加し、更にNMP17.8gを加え、窒素雰囲気下、室温で12時間撹拌することで、樹脂固形分濃度12質量%のポリアミック酸溶液を得た。ポリアミック酸溶液の粘度は397mPa・sであった。このポリアミック酸の分子量はMn=13723、Mw=27622であった。
撹拌装置付き及び窒素導入管付きの100ml四つ口フラスコに、DA-6(2.10g,14.00mmol)、DA-7(6.27g,21.00mmol)を入れ、NMP59.6gを加え、窒素を送りながら撹拌し溶解させた。これらのジアミン溶液を撹拌しながらCA-2を(6.66g,33.95mmol)添加し、更にNMP25.6gを加え、窒素雰囲気下、室温で12時間撹拌することで、樹脂固形分濃度15質量%のポリアミック酸溶液を得た。ポリアミック酸溶液の粘度は1220mPa・sであった。このポリアミック酸の分子量はMn=13305、Mw=41543であった。
合成例1で得られたポリアミック酸溶液17.56gに対して、NMPを4.90g、3-グリシドキシプロピルメチルジエトキシシランが1.0重量%入ったNMP溶液を2.40g、及びBCS10.00g加え、濃度が6質量%の液晶配向剤(AL-1)を得た。この液晶配向剤(AL-1)に、濁りや析出物の発生などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。
合成例3で得られたポリアミック酸溶液6.62gに対して、NMPを1.99g、3-グリシドキシプロピルメチルジエトキシシランが1.0重量%入ったNMP溶液を0.88g、及びBCS3.67g加え、濃度が6質量%の液晶配向剤(AL-2)を得た。この液晶配向剤(AL-2)に、濁りや析出物の発生などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。
合成例4で得られたポリアミック酸溶液6.71gに対して、NMPを2.15g、3-グリシドキシプロピルメチルジエトキシシランが1.0重量%入ったNMP溶液を0.88g、及びBCS3.66g加え、濃度が6質量%の液晶配向剤(AL-3)を得た。この液晶配向剤(AL-3)に、濁りや析出物の発生などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。
合成例3で得られたポリアミック酸溶液5.03gに対して、合成例6で得られたポリアミック酸溶液2.68gとNMPを0.93g、3-グリシドキシプロピルメチルジエトキシシランが1.0重量%入ったGBL溶液を0.88g、GBLを3.92g、及びBCS3.2g加え、濃度が6質量%の液晶配向剤(AL-4)を得た。この液晶配向剤(AL-4)に、濁りや析出物の発生などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。
合成例4で得られたポリアミック酸溶液5.01gに対して、合成例6で得られたポリアミック酸溶液2.67gとNMPを1.00g、3-グリシドキシプロピルメチルジエトキシシランが1.0重量%入ったGBL溶液を0.88g、GBLを3.92g、及びBCS3.2g加え、濃度が6質量%の液晶配向剤(AL-5)を得た。この液晶配向剤(AL-5)に、濁りや析出物の発生などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。
合成例2で得られたポリアミック酸溶液20.07gに対して、NMPを7.23g、3-グリシドキシプロピルメチルジエトキシシランが1.0重量%入ったNMP溶液を2.40g、及びBCS10.00g加え、濃度が6質量%の液晶配向剤(AL-1b)を得た。この液晶配向剤(AL-1b)に、濁りや析出物の発生などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。
合成例5で得られたポリアミック酸溶液6.58gに対して、NMPを2.04g、3-グリシドキシプロピルメチルジエトキシシランが1.0重量%入ったNMP溶液を0.88g、及びBCS3.67g加え、濃度が6質量%の液晶配向剤(AL-2b)を得た。この液晶配向剤(AL-2b)に、濁りや析出物の発生などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。
合成例5で得られたポリアミック酸溶液5.01gに対して、合成例6で得られたポリアミック酸溶液2.67gとNMPを0.95g、3-グリシドキシプロピルメチルジエトキシシランが1.0重量%入ったGBL溶液を0.88g、GBLを3.92g、及びBCS3.20g加え、濃度が6質量%の液晶配向剤(AL-3b)を得た。この液晶配向剤(AL-3b)に、濁りや析出物の発生などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。
実施例1で得られた液晶配向剤(AL-1)と比較例1で得られた液晶配向剤(AL-1b)のそれぞれを、孔径1.0μmのフィルターで濾過した後、透明電極付きガラス基板上にスピンコートし、80℃のホットプレート上で2分間乾燥後、230℃で20分間焼成して膜厚100nmの塗膜を得た。このようにして得られた2枚の基板を用意し、一方の基板の液晶配向膜面上に直径4μmビーズスペーサーを散布した後、シール剤(協立化学社製XN-1500T)を滴下した。次いで、他方の基板の液晶配向膜面を内側にし、基板の重なり幅が1cmになるように、貼り合わせを行った。その際、貼り合わせ後のシール剤の直径が約3mmとなるようにシール剤滴下量を調整した。貼り合わせた2枚の基板をクリップにて固定した後、120℃で1時間熱硬化させて、接着性評価用のサンプルを作製した。
実施例2~5で得られた液晶配向剤(AL-2~AL-5)と比較例2及び3で得られた液晶配向剤(AL-2b、3b)のそれぞれを、孔径1.0μmのフィルターで濾過した後、透明電極付きガラス基板上にスピンコートし、80℃のホットプレート上で2分間乾燥後、230℃で20分間焼成して膜厚100nmの塗膜を得た。この塗膜面に偏光板を介して254nmの紫外線を150mJ/cm2照射し、液晶配向膜付き基板を得た。このようにして得られた2枚の基板を用意し、一方の基板の液晶配向膜面上に直径4μmビーズスペーサーを散布した後、シール剤(協立化学社製XN-1500T)を滴下した。次いで、他方の基板の液晶配向膜面を内側にし、基板の重なり幅が1cmになるように、貼り合わせを行った。その際、貼り合わせ後のシール剤の直径が約3mmとなるようにシール剤滴下量を調整した。貼り合わせた2枚の基板をクリップにて固定した後、120℃で1時間熱硬化させて、接着性評価用のサンプルを作製した。
作製したサンプルを島津製作所社製の卓上形精密万能試験機AGS-X 500Nにて、上下基板の端の部分を固定した後、基板中央部の上部から押し込みを行い、剥離する際の圧力(N)を測定した。そして、計測したシール剤の直径より見積もった面積(mm2)で圧力(N)を規格化した値を用いて接着力の評価を実施した。
液晶配向剤AL-1、AL-1bに関して実施したシール密着性の結果を表1に示す。
実施例1で得られた液晶配向剤(AL-1)と比較例1で得られた液晶配向剤(AL-1b)のそれぞれを、孔径1.0μmのフィルターで濾過した後、透明電極付きガラス基板上にスピンコートし、80℃のホットプレート上で2分間乾燥後、230℃で20分間焼成して膜厚100nmの塗膜を得た。このイミド化重合体膜をレーヨン布でラビング処理(ロール径120mm、回転数1000rpm、移動速度20mm/sec、押し込み量0.4mm)した後、純水中にて1分間超音波照射を行い、80℃で10分間乾燥した。液晶配向膜付き基板を2枚用意し、一方の基板の液晶配向膜面に直径4μmのスペーサーを設置した後、2枚の基板のラビング方向が逆平行になるように組み合わせ、液晶注入口を残して周囲をシールし、セルギャップが4μmの空セルを作製した。このセルに液晶(MLC-2041、メルク社製)を常温で真空注入し、注入口を封止してアンチパラレル液晶セルとした。
実施例2~5で得られた液晶配向剤(AL-2~AL-5)と比較例2及び3で得られた液晶配向剤(AL-2b、AL-3b)のそれぞれを、孔径1.0μmのフィルターで濾過した後、透明電極付きガラス基板上にスピンコートし、80℃のホットプレート上で2分間乾燥後、230℃で20分間焼成して膜厚100nmの塗膜を得た。この塗膜面に偏光板を介して254nmの紫外線を150mJ/cm2照射し、液晶配向膜付き基板を得た。このような液晶配向膜付き基板を2枚用意し、一方の基板の液晶配向膜面に直径4μmのスペーサーを設置した後、2枚の基板のラビング方向が逆平行になるように組み合わせ、液晶注入口を残して周囲をシールし、セルギャップが4μmの空セルを作製した。このセルに液晶(MLC-2041、メルク社製)を常温で真空注入し、注入口を封止してアンチパラレル液晶セルとした。
なお、2016年3月22日に出願された日本特許出願2016-057540号の明細書、特許請求の範囲、及び要約書の全内容をここに引用し、本発明の明細書の開示として、取り入れるものである。
Claims (15)
- 前記式(7)中、X2が請求項4に定義される式(A-1)~式(A-21)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である、請求項5に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 式(6)で表される構造単位の含有量が、重合体の全構造単位に対して、10~100モル%である、請求項3~7のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 前記ポリイミド前駆体の分子量は、重量平均分子量で2,000~500,000である請求項3~8のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤。
- N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン、N-エチル-2-ピロリドン、ジメチルスルホキシド、γ-ブチロラクトン、1,3-ジメチル-イミダゾリジノン、メチルエチルケトン、シクロヘキサノン、及びシクロペンタノンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の有機溶媒を含有する請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤から得られる液晶配向膜。
- 請求項11に記載の液晶配向膜を具備する液晶表示素子。
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