WO2017122228A1 - セルロースアセテートおよびセルロースアセテートの製造方法 - Google Patents
セルロースアセテートおよびセルロースアセテートの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017122228A1 WO2017122228A1 PCT/JP2016/000117 JP2016000117W WO2017122228A1 WO 2017122228 A1 WO2017122228 A1 WO 2017122228A1 JP 2016000117 W JP2016000117 W JP 2016000117W WO 2017122228 A1 WO2017122228 A1 WO 2017122228A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B3/00—Preparation of cellulose esters of organic acids
- C08B3/06—Cellulose acetate, e.g. mono-acetate, di-acetate or tri-acetate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B1/00—Preparatory treatment of cellulose for making derivatives thereof, e.g. pre-treatment, pre-soaking, activation
- C08B1/02—Rendering cellulose suitable for esterification
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B3/00—Preparation of cellulose esters of organic acids
- C08B3/22—Post-esterification treatments, including purification
- C08B3/24—Hydrolysis or ripening
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B3/00—Preparation of cellulose esters of organic acids
- C08B3/22—Post-esterification treatments, including purification
- C08B3/26—Isolation of the cellulose ester
- C08B3/28—Isolation of the cellulose ester by precipitation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08H—DERIVATIVES OF NATURAL MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08H8/00—Macromolecular compounds derived from lignocellulosic materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L1/00—Compositions of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/08—Cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/10—Esters of organic acids, i.e. acylates
- C08L1/12—Cellulose acetate
Definitions
- the present invention relates to cellulose acetate and a method for producing cellulose acetate.
- cellulose acetate is generally produced by first pulverizing pulp, which is a cellulose material, through a pretreatment step of adding acetic acid containing or not containing a sulfuric acid catalyst, and then adding cooled acetic acid, acetic anhydride, and sulfuric acid catalyst. Addition and acetylation while controlling the temperature with an external jacket with a kneader. After obtaining completely trisubstituted cellulose acetate (primary cellulose acetate) by acetylation, neutralizing agent such as magnesium acetate aqueous solution is added, and sulfuric acid is neutralized (completely neutralized or partially neutralized) with magnesium acetate.
- neutralizing agent such as magnesium acetate aqueous solution is added, and sulfuric acid is neutralized (completely neutralized or partially neutralized) with magnesium acetate.
- Acetic anhydride is deactivated by moisture contained in the magnesium aqueous solution. Then, the viscous primary cellulose acetate dope is dropped into an aging tank and hydrolyzed to obtain cellulose acetate having a desired substitution degree. A large amount of non-solvent (water, dilute acetic acid aqueous solution, etc.) is added to the cellulose acetate (secondary cellulose acetate) to precipitate the cellulose acetate. The precipitated cellulose acetate is separated into solid and liquid, washed and dried to obtain flaky cellulose acetate.
- non-solvent water, dilute acetic acid aqueous solution, etc.
- cellulose acetate As one of the uses of the cellulose acetate (cellulose acetate) thus obtained, cellulose acetate is used as a hollow fiber membrane, and it is modularized for reverse osmosis membrane (RO membrane) and forward osmosis membrane (FO) for seawater desalination. Film).
- RO membrane reverse osmosis membrane
- FO forward osmosis membrane
- Patent Document 1 Conventional hollow fiber membranes have improved water permeability by making the dense layer thin and the support layer an asymmetric structure (Patent Document 1). Moreover, a flat membrane type composite reverse osmosis membrane having an active layer (a thin film, a skin layer) mainly composed of polyamide and having a high salt rejection and high permeability is described (Patent Document 2).
- JP 2012-115835 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-019630
- An object of the present invention is to provide a cellulose acetate capable of producing a hollow fiber membrane having an excellent salt removal rate and water permeability.
- the total content of calcium and magnesium is 2.8 to 3.5 ⁇ mol / g
- the 6% viscosity is 40 to 80 mPa ⁇ s
- the filtration degree Kw is 35 g ⁇ 1 or less
- the molecular weight distribution Mw / Mn Relates to cellulose acetate having a acetylation degree of 61.3 to 62.3%.
- the degree of filtration Kw is preferably 30 g ⁇ 1 or less.
- the calcium content is preferably 80 to 200 ppm.
- the half width of composition distribution is 1.0% or less.
- the 6-position substitution degree is preferably 0.92 or more.
- the total sulfuric acid concentration is preferably 40 to 150 ppm.
- the second of the present invention is a step of pulverizing a pulp having a carboxyl group amount of 1.0 meq / 100 g or more, a step of pretreating the pulverized pulp acetic acid or sulfur-containing acetic acid in contact with the pulp, and the pretreatment.
- the mixed solution is between 10 ° C. and 3 ° C. below freezing point.
- the esterification step the pretreated pulp was contacted with a mixed solution of acetic acid and acetic anhydride.
- the temperature of the reaction system reaches a peak temperature between 48 and 55 ° C. by less than 50 minutes from the point, and the temperature of the reaction system decreases by 5 ° C. from the peak temperature by less than 70 minutes from the time point. It relates to a manufacturing method.
- a hollow fiber membrane having an excellent salt removal rate and water permeability can be produced.
- RO membranes and FO membranes made of cellulose acetate are highly resistant to chlorine, and can be easily sterilized by chlorine. Therefore, desalination of seawater in the Red Sea, etc. in the Middle East where high temperatures and high concentrations are easy for microorganisms to grow. Sometimes useful. However, it is difficult to maintain both water permeability and salt removal performance at a high level with cellulose acetate. If the water permeation performance is not at a high level, water permeability can be increased by increasing the pressure during filtration, but water production costs increase by increasing the pressure.
- the high pressure is, for example, a separation operation pressure of 5 MPa or more.
- RO membranes and FO membranes having an active layer (thin film, skin layer) mainly composed of polyamide have a problem in chlorine resistance.
- a cellulose acetate capable of producing a hollow fiber membrane having both excellent chlorine resistance and water permeability.
- the cellulose acetate of the present disclosure has a total content of calcium and magnesium of 2.8 to 3.5 ⁇ mol / g, a 6% viscosity of 40 to 80 mPa ⁇ s, a filtration degree Kw of 35 g ⁇ 1 or less, and a molecular weight distribution Mw / Mn of 3.00 or less and the acetylation degree is 61.3% to 62.3%.
- Calcium and magnesium contained in the cellulose acetate of the present disclosure have many parts derived from the neutralizing agent, stabilizer, or washing water used in the production of cellulose acetate, for example, adhesion to the surface of cellulose acetate flakes, contained in cellulose fibers It exists by the electrostatic interaction with the carboxyl group to be produced and the sulfate ester site formed during the production.
- the cellulose acetate according to the present disclosure has a total content of calcium and magnesium of 2.8 to 3.5 ⁇ mol / g, preferably 2.9 to 3.4 ⁇ mol / g, and preferably 3.0 to 3.2 ⁇ mol. / G is more preferable.
- the total content of calcium and magnesium is less than 2.8 ⁇ mol / g, particularly when used for a hollow fiber membrane, the salt removal rate becomes insufficient, and when it exceeds 3.5 ⁇ mol / g, a hollow fiber membrane is produced. In such a case, the yarn breakage tends to increase during the hollow fiber film formation, and the film formation tends to be difficult.
- the cellulose acetate according to the present disclosure preferably has a calcium content of 80 to 200 ppm, more preferably 90 to 170 ppm, and even more preferably 100 to 140 ppm.
- a high-performance hollow fiber membrane having excellent salt removal rate and water permeability can be obtained while maintaining solubility.
- the calcium content and magnesium content of cellulose acetate can be measured by the following methods, respectively.
- moisture content in a sample can be measured, for example using a ket moisture meter (METTLER TOLEDO HB43).
- Moisture (wt%) in the sample can be calculated from the weight change before and after heating by placing about 2.0 g of the water-containing sample on the aluminum tray of the ket moisture meter and heating at 120 ° C. until the weight does not change.
- the total content of calcium and magnesium can be calculated using the respective atomic weights Ca: 40.1 g / mol and Mg: 24.3 g / mol.
- the cellulose acetate according to the present disclosure has a 6% viscosity of 40 to 80 mPa ⁇ s, preferably 45 to 70 mPa ⁇ s, and more preferably 50 to 60 mPa ⁇ s.
- the 6% viscosity is less than 40 mPa ⁇ s, particularly when used in a hollow fiber membrane, the hollow fiber may not have sufficient pressure resistance when passing water.
- the 6% viscosity exceeds 80 mPa ⁇ s, sufficient water permeability may not be obtained particularly when used for a hollow fiber membrane.
- viscometer coefficient ⁇ Absolute viscosity of standard solution (mPa ⁇ s) ⁇ Density of solution (0.827 g / cm 3 ) ⁇ / ⁇ Density of standard solution (g / cm 3 ) ⁇ Number of seconds of flow of standard solution (s) ⁇
- the degree of filtration is the degree of clogging on a given filter cloth.
- the filtration degree Kw of the cellulose acetate of the present disclosure is 35 g ⁇ 1 or less, preferably 30 g ⁇ 1 or less, and more preferably 20 g ⁇ 1 or less.
- the degree of filtration Kw exceeds 35 g ⁇ 1 , particularly when used in a hollow fiber membrane, yarn breakage during hollow fiber membrane formation increases, and membrane formation becomes difficult.
- the degree of filtration Kw can be measured by the following method. After preparing and drying a sample of particles that pass through a 2 mm mesh and not pass through a 1 mm mesh, put 56.8 g of the sample in a 500 mL dissolution vessel, add 30 g of methanol, and then add 268 g of methylene chloride. And dissolution is started by rotating the container at a speed of 2 rpm. Six hours after the start of dissolution, the temperature is adjusted to 25 ° C., and the solution is filtered using a sintered filter (filtration particle size: 15 ⁇ m, diameter: 10 mm, filtration area: 0.79 cm 2 ) under a pressure of 3 kg / cm 2 .
- a sintered filter filtration particle size: 15 ⁇ m, diameter: 10 mm, filtration area: 0.79 cm 2
- the filtration amount up to 20 minutes after the start of filtration was measured as P 1 (g)
- the filtration amount from 20 minutes to 60 minutes was measured as P 2 (g)
- the degree of filtration Kw (g ⁇ 1 ) was calculated by the following formula. calculate.
- the molecular weight distribution (molecular weight distribution Mw / Mn obtained by dividing the weight average molecular weight Mw by the number average molecular weight Mn) of the cellulose acetate of the present disclosure is 3.00 or less, and preferably 2.90 or less. Although a lower limit is not specifically limited, 1.0 or more are preferable. If the molecular weight distribution Mw / Mn exceeds 3.00, sufficient water permeability may not be obtained.
- the molecular weight distribution Mw / Mn can be measured by the following method.
- a high performance liquid chromatography system in which a detector for detecting refractive index and light scattering is connected to a gel filtration column can be used.
- Shodex GPC SYSTEM-21H can be used as the high performance liquid chromatography system.
- a differential refractive index detector (RI) can be used as the detector.
- the measurement conditions for such gel permeation chromatography are as follows.
- the average degree of acetylation of the cellulose acetate of the present disclosure is 61.3% to 62.3%, preferably 61.4% to 62.0%, and more preferably 61.6% to 61.8%. preferable.
- the content is less than 61.3%, particularly when used in a hollow fiber membrane, degradation by microorganisms is accelerated and the life of the hollow fiber is easily shortened.
- the content exceeds 62.3%, the product is produced particularly when used in a hollow fiber membrane. The solubility in the dissolution step before the film tends to deteriorate.
- the degree of acetylation follows the measurement and calculation method of the degree of acetylation in ASTM: D-817-91 (testing method for cellulose acetate, etc.).
- composition distribution half-width is the peak height of the chart when the acetylation degree is on the horizontal axis (x axis) and the abundance in this acetylation degree is on the vertical axis (y axis). It is the width of the chart at half the height, and is an index that represents the standard of variation in the distribution.
- the composition distribution half-width of the cellulose acetate according to the present disclosure is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1.0% or less, more preferably 0.98% or less, and further preferably 0.95%. preferable. Although a lower limit is not specifically limited, 0.80% or more is preferable.
- the half width of the composition distribution is 1.0% or less, when the cellulose acetate dope is solidified in the process of forming the hollow fiber, the phase separation can be uniformly performed, and the hollow fiber is partially fragile. Is less likely to occur and the salt removability can be kept high.
- the composition distribution half width can be measured by the following method.
- High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis is used. That is, using a plurality of cellulose esters having different degrees of acetylation as standard samples, HPLC analysis is performed with a predetermined measuring apparatus and measurement conditions, and a calibration curve [the presence of cellulose esters is created using the analytical values of these standard samples.
- the half value width of the composition distribution can be determined from a curve indicating the relationship between the amount and the degree of acetylation, usually a quadratic curve (particularly a parabola).
- Agilent 1100 Series can be used as the high performance liquid chromatography system.
- As the detector for example, Varian 380-LC can be used.
- the half width of the composition distribution can be obtained by converting the horizontal axis (elution time) of the elution curve of cellulose acetate in HPLC (reverse phase HPLC) measured under predetermined processing conditions into the degree of acetylation. it can.
- the elution time is measured under the same measurement conditions, and the acetylation is performed from the elution time (T).
- Degree of acetylation aT 2 + bT + c (Where T is the elution time, and a, b and c are coefficients of the conversion equation)
- the half width of the composition distribution is obtained as follows. That is, the base (A) on the low substitution degree side of the peak (E) and the base line (AB) in contact with the base (B) on the high substitution degree side are drawn, and the maximum peak (E ) To the horizontal axis. An intersection (C) between the perpendicular and the base line (AB) is determined, and an intermediate point (D) between the maximum peak (E) and the intersection (C) is obtained.
- a straight line parallel to the baseline (AB) is drawn through the intermediate point (D), and two intersection points (A ′, B ′) with the acetylation degree distribution curve are obtained.
- a perpendicular line is drawn from the two intersections (A ′, B ′) to the horizontal axis, and the width between the two intersections on the horizontal axis is the half-value width of the maximum peak.
- Such a half width of the composition distribution depends on the retention time (retention time) depending on how much the hydroxyl chain of each glucose chain constituting the molecular chain of cellulose acetate in the sample is esterified. It is reflected in the difference. Therefore, ideally, the width of the holding time indicates the width of the composition distribution (in units of acetylation).
- a high-performance liquid chromatograph has a pipe portion (such as a guide column for protecting the column) that does not contribute to distribution. Therefore, depending on the configuration of the measurement apparatus, the width of the holding time that is not caused by the width of the composition distribution is often included as an error. This error is affected by the length and inner diameter of the column, the length from the column to the detector, the handling, and the like, and varies depending on the apparatus configuration.
- composition distribution half-value width of the cellulose acetate can be usually obtained as a correction value Z based on the correction formula represented by the following formula.
- a more accurate composition distribution half-value width can be obtained as the same (substantially the same) value even if the measurement apparatus (and measurement conditions) are different.
- X is the composition distribution half-value width (uncorrected value) obtained with a predetermined measuring device and measuring conditions
- Y is all acetylated cellulose hydroxyl groups obtained with the same measuring device and measuring conditions as X.
- the composition distribution half-width of cellulose acetate is shown.
- Cellulose acetate in which all of the hydroxyl groups of cellulose are acetylated is a non-deacylated complete product obtained after acylation of cellulose and before aging. It is a cellulose acetate which corresponds to a substitute and does not actually (or ideally) have a composition distribution half width (ie, composition distribution half width zero).
- the 6-position substitution degree of the cellulose acetate according to the present disclosure is preferably 0.92 or more, more preferably 0.93 or more, and further preferably 0.94 or more. Although an upper limit is not specifically limited, 0.98 or less is preferable.
- the degree of substitution at the 6-position is 0.92 or more, the solubility in a spinning solvent such as N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) can be kept high, and yarn breakage during hollow fiber film formation is reduced.
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
- the 6-position substitution degree can be measured by the following method.
- the degree of acetyl substitution at the 2-position, 3-position, and 6-position of the glucose ring of cellulose acetate can be measured by NMR according to the method of Tezuka (Carbondr. Res. 273, 83 (1995)). That is, the free hydroxyl group of cellulose acetate is propionylated with propionic anhydride in pyridine. The obtained sample is dissolved in deuterated chloroform and the 13 C-NMR spectrum is measured.
- the carbon signal of the acetyl group appears in the order of 2, 3, 6 from the high magnetic field in the region of 169 ppm to 171 ppm, and the signal of the carbonyl carbon of the propionyl group appears in the same order in the region of 172 ppm to 174 ppm. From the abundance ratio of the acetyl group and propionyl group at the corresponding positions, the degree of acetyl substitution at the 2nd, 3rd and 6th positions of the glucose ring in the original cellulose diacetate can be determined. In addition to 13 C-NMR, the degree of acetyl substitution can be analyzed by 1 H-NMR.
- Total sulfuric acid concentration The total sulfuric acid concentration of the cellulose acetate according to the present disclosure is preferably 40 to 150 ppm, more preferably 50 to 140 ppm, and further preferably 60 to 130 ppm. When the total sulfuric acid concentration is in the above range, a sufficient salt removal rate can be obtained without impairing heat stability during dissolution.
- the total sulfuric acid concentration can be determined by the following method.
- the dried cellulose ester was baked in an electric furnace at 1300 ° C., and the sublimated sulfurous acid gas was trapped in 10% hydrogen peroxide solution and titrated with a normal aqueous sodium hydroxide solution.
- the total amount of SO 4 2 ⁇ taking measurement.
- the total sulfuric acid concentration is expressed in ppm as the total amount of sulfuric acid in 1 g of the completely dry cellulose ester.
- the method for producing cellulose acetate will be described in detail.
- the cellulose acetate according to the present disclosure undergoes a series of steps including a step of crushing a pulp, a step of pretreatment, a step of esterification, a step of hydrolysis, a step of precipitation, and a step of adding a stabilizer.
- a general method for producing cellulose acetate reference can be made to “Wood Chemistry” (above) (Umeda et al., Kyoritsu Publishing Co., Ltd., 1968, pages 180-190).
- the ⁇ -cellulose content of the pulp is preferably 98.0% by weight or more, more preferably 98.2% by weight or more, and 98.4% by weight or more. More preferably it is.
- the upper limit value is not particularly limited. If it is less than 98.0% by weight, the amount of impurities of cellulose acetate increases, the degree of filtration Kw increases, yarn breakage during hollow fiber film formation increases, and film formation may be difficult.
- the amount of carboxyl groups in the pulp is preferably 1.0 meq / 100 g or more, more preferably 1.1 to 2.5 meq / 100 g, and still more preferably 1.2 to 1.6 meq / 100 g.
- carboxyl group amount is less than 1.0 meq / 100 g, the salt removal rate and water permeability may be inferior particularly when the cellulose acetate obtained is used for a hollow fiber membrane. If it exceeds 2.5 meq / 100 g, the salt removal rate and water permeability may also be inferior, particularly when the cellulose acetate obtained is used in the hollow fiber membrane.
- the amount of carboxyl group of the pulp can be measured by various methods such as TAPPI Standard T237 om-83.
- the moisture content of the pulp is preferably 5.0 to 9.0% by weight, more preferably 6.0 to 8.0% by weight, and 6.5 to 7.5% by weight. Further preferred. If the moisture content of the pulp is too low, the reactivity of the pulp is significantly deteriorated. On the other hand, if the water content is too high, the acetic anhydride used for the reaction must be used excessively, which is disadvantageous in terms of cost. .
- the moisture content can be measured by the following method.
- the moisture of the pulp can be measured using, for example, a ket moisture meter (METTLER TOLEDO HB43).
- Moisture (wt%) in the sample can be calculated from the weight change before and after heating by placing about 2.0 g of the water-containing sample on the aluminum tray of the ket moisture meter and heating at 120 ° C. until the weight does not change.
- wood pulp conifer pulp, hardwood pulp
- cotton linter or the like
- wood pulp conifer pulp, hardwood pulp
- cotton linter or the like
- These celluloses may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- softwood pulp and cotton linter or hardwood pulp may be used in combination.
- Wood pulp is preferable because it often has a preferable amount of carboxyl groups described later and is advantageous in terms of cost compared to stable supply of raw materials and linter.
- Examples of wood pulp include hardwood pre-hydrolyzed kraft pulp.
- the pulp crushing step for example, it can be crushed by a dry method using a disc refiner.
- the pulverized pulp is brought into contact with acetic acid or sulfur-containing acetic acid.
- acetic acid 96 to 100% by weight acetic acid can be used
- sulfur-containing acetic acid is acetic acid containing sulfuric acid, and preferably contains 1 to 10% by weight sulfuric acid.
- Acetic acid or sulfur-containing acetic acid can be contacted preferably at a ratio of 10 to 500 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the pulp.
- acetic acid and / or sulfur-containing acetic acid is added in one step, or after adding a certain time and acetic acid is added
- a method of adding acetic acid such as a method of adding acetic acid after a certain time has elapsed after adding a sulfur-containing acetic acid, or a method of adding sulfur-containing acetic acid in two or more steps.
- Specific examples of the contact include a method in which acetic acid and / or sulfur-containing acetic acid is sprayed on the pulp and stirred.
- Acetic acid or sulfur-containing acetic acid is preferably adjusted in advance to 17 to 40 ° C., more preferably 20 to 40 ° C.
- acetic acid and / or sulfur-containing acetic acid to the pulp, for example, it is allowed to stand at 17 to 40 ° C. for 0.2 to 48 hours, or at 17 to 40 ° C. for 0.1 to 24 hours. It can be performed by time sealing and stirring.
- the pretreated pulp is brought into contact with a mixed solution of acetic acid and acetic anhydride, and the pulp is esterified with acetic anhydride.
- the mixed solution preferably contains sulfuric acid.
- the esterification can be started by adding the pretreated pulp to the mixed solution or by adding the mixed solution and sulfuric acid to the pretreated pulp.
- 96 to 100% by weight acetic acid can be used as acetic acid, and sulfuric acid is preferably concentrated sulfuric acid.
- acetic acid when preparing a mixed solution of acetic acid and acetic anhydride, it is not particularly limited as long as it contains acetic acid and acetic anhydride, but the ratio of acetic acid and acetic anhydride is anhydrous with respect to 300 to 600 parts by weight of acetic acid.
- Acetic acid is preferably 200 to 400 parts by weight, more preferably acetic anhydride 240 to 280 parts by weight with respect to acetic acid 350 to 530 parts by weight.
- the mixed solution of pulp, acetic acid and acetic anhydride, and the ratio of sulfuric acid are preferably 500 to 1000 parts by weight of the mixed solution of acetic acid and acetic anhydride with respect to 100 parts by weight of pulp. Is preferably 5 to 15 parts by weight, more preferably 7 to 13 parts by weight, and still more preferably 8 to 11 parts by weight.
- the temperature of the reaction system of the esterification reaction is mainly controlled by the temperature of acetic anhydride and acetic acid to be added. Since the esterification reaction is an exothermic reaction, the temperature of the reaction system is determined by the balance between the heat of fusion that absorbs heat when the added acetic anhydride melts and the reaction heat of esterification. A jacket that cools or warms the reactor from the outside can also be used, but the pulp is solid and primary cellulose is also a viscous fluid, has a high heat capacity, and has high heat insulation, so the temperature can be evenly distributed. It is difficult to control. For this reason, it is preferable to control the reaction temperature of the esterification reaction by controlling the temperature of acetic anhydride and acetic acid to be added.
- the mixed solution of acetic acid and acetic anhydride to be brought into contact with the pulp is preferably cooled beforehand to 10 ° C. to 3 ° C. below freezing before contacting with the pulp, more preferably from 10 ° C. to 5 ° C. below freezing. It is more preferable that the temperature is 9 ° C. below freezing point to 7 ° C. below freezing point. As will be described later, it becomes easy to reach the temperature of the reaction system to a peak temperature of 48 to 55 ° C. within less than 50 minutes from the time when the pretreated pulp is brought into contact with the mixed solution of acetic acid and acetic anhydride. Because.
- the temperature of the reaction system reaches a peak temperature between 48 ° C. and 55 ° C. within less than 50 minutes from when the pretreated pulp is brought into contact with the mixed solution of acetic acid and acetic anhydride.
- the peak temperature refers to the temperature at the time when the temperature rises most in the esterification step
- the peak time refers to the peak temperature from the time when the pretreated pulp is brought into contact with the mixed solution of acetic acid and acetic anhydride. Time to reach.
- the temperature of the reaction system can be measured with a thermometer in the process.
- the temperature of the reaction system is lowered by 5 ° C. from the peak temperature within 70 minutes from when the pretreated pulp is brought into contact with the mixed solution of acetic acid and acetic anhydride. According to the cellulose acetate thus obtained, when used for a hollow fiber membrane, a hollow fiber membrane having an excellent salt removal rate and water permeability can be produced.
- the esterification step it is preferable to provide means for adjusting the temperature of the reaction system in the esterification step, such as cooling the brine in the jacket portion of the machine body.
- means for adjusting the temperature of the reaction system in the esterification step such as cooling the brine in the jacket portion of the machine body.
- the esterification time is desirably 90 to 280 minutes.
- the esterification time refers to the time from when the pretreated pulp is brought into contact with the mixed solution of acetic acid and acetic anhydride to the addition of the neutralizing agent.
- a neutralizing agent is added to hydrolyze the cellulose acetate obtained by the esterification.
- a neutralizing agent such as water, dilute acetic acid or an aqueous magnesium acetate solution is added to stop the esterification reaction and start hydrolysis.
- sulfuric acid When sulfuric acid is used in the esterification reaction, sulfuric acid bonded to cellulose as a sulfate ester by the esterification reaction is saponified and removed for improving thermal stability.
- water When water is used as a neutralizing agent, it reacts with acetic anhydride present in the reaction mixture containing cellulose acetate to produce acetic acid, and the water content of the reaction mixture containing cellulose acetate after the hydrolysis step is 5 with respect to acetic acid. It can be added so as to be ⁇ 70 mol%. If it is less than 5 mol%, the hydrolysis reaction does not proceed and depolymerization proceeds, resulting in a low-viscosity cellulose acetate. If it exceeds 70 mol%, the cellulose acetate after the esterification reaction is precipitated and exits the hydrolysis reaction system. The hydrolysis reaction of the precipitated cellulose ester does not proceed.
- dilute acetic acid refers to a 1 to 50% by weight aqueous acetic acid solution.
- the magnesium acetate aqueous solution is preferably 5 to 30% by weight.
- the sulfate ion concentration in the reaction mixture containing cellulose acetate is high, the sulfate ester cannot be removed efficiently, so an aqueous solution of an alkaline earth metal salt of acetic acid such as magnesium acetate or an acetic acid-water mixed solution is added. It is preferable to reduce the sulfate ion concentration by forming an insoluble sulfate. It is preferable to adjust the sulfate ion of the reaction mixture containing cellulose acetate to 1 to 6 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of cellulose acetate (in terms of cellulose).
- the hydrolysis time is not particularly limited, but when adjusting the average degree of acetylation to 61.4 to 62.0%, for example, it is performed for 40 to 70 minutes.
- the hydrolysis time refers to the time from the start of charging the neutralizer to the stop of the hydrolysis reaction.
- the hydrolysis is preferably carried out by holding at a reaction system temperature of 45 to 65 ° C., particularly preferably 50 to 60 ° C. for 40 to 70 minutes.
- the entire reaction system can be maintained at a uniform and appropriate temperature, so that the average degree of acetylation is too high or too low. Is prevented from being generated.
- Precipitation A precipitation process precipitates the cellulose acetate by which the acetyl substitution degree was adjusted by the said hydrolysis.
- a mixture containing cellulose acetate and a precipitation agent such as water, dilute acetic acid, or an aqueous magnesium acetate solution are mixed, and the produced cellulose acetate (precipitate) is separated to obtain a precipitate.
- a precipitation agent such as water, dilute acetic acid, or an aqueous magnesium acetate solution
- water or dilute acetic acid is preferable as the precipitant used for obtaining the cellulose acetate precipitate. This is because the sulfate in the cellulose acetate powder obtained as a precipitate can be easily removed by dissolving the sulfate in the reaction mixture containing cellulose acetate.
- the reaction mixture containing cellulose acetate is extruded into a thread shape having a diameter of about 1 to 5 mm and solidified by contacting with the precipitating agent.
- examples thereof include a method of stirring after chopping, or a method of adding a precipitant to a reaction mixture containing cellulose acetate and kneading using a biaxial kneader.
- a stabilizer is added to the precipitated cellulose acetate. This is to increase the thermal stability of the cellulose acetate after the hydrolysis reaction (after complete neutralization).
- alkali metal compounds and / or alkaline earth metal compounds particularly calcium compounds such as calcium hydroxide are preferred.
- the amount of the stabilizer added varies depending on the operating conditions. For example, a reaction mixture containing cellulose acetate and a calcium hydroxide aqueous solution adjusted to 0.2 to 1.0% are added at a volume ratio of 100: 1 to 10. It is preferable.
- the stabilizer may be added when the precipitate is washed with water to remove free metal components or sulfuric acid components.
- the method is not particularly limited, and a known method can be used.
- drying can be performed under conditions such as air blowing or reduced pressure.
- Examples of the drying method include hot air drying.
- the cellulose acetate may be pulverized.
- a conventional pulverizer such as a sample mill, a hammer mill, a turbo mill, an atomizer, a cutter mill, a bead mill, a ball mill, a roll mill, a jet mill, or a pin mill can be used. Further, it may be freeze pulverization, dry pulverization at normal temperature, or wet pulverization.
- the cellulose acetate of the present disclosure can be formed into a hollow fiber membrane or the like by spinning, and the hollow fiber membrane is used for the production of ultrapure water, RO membranes and FO membranes used for seawater desalination, removal of microorganisms, It can be used for a UF membrane used for pretreatment of seawater desalination.
- Average degree of acetylation (%) [6.5 ⁇ (BA) ⁇ F] / W (Where A is the titration of 1N-sulfuric acid in the sample (mL), B is the titration of 1N-sulfuric acid in the blank test (mL), F is the concentration factor of 1N-sulfuric acid, and W is the weight of the sample. Show).
- ⁇ Inner diameter, outer diameter and hollow ratio of hollow membrane As for the inner diameter, outer diameter, and film thickness of the hollow fiber membrane, pass a suitable number of hollow fiber membranes so that the hollow fiber membrane does not fall out into a hole of 3 mm in the center of the slide glass, and razor along the upper and lower surfaces of the slide glass.
- the hollow fiber membrane is cut by the above, a hollow fiber membrane cross-section sample is obtained, and then the short diameter and long diameter of the cross section of the hollow fiber membrane are measured using a projector Nikon PROFILE PROJECT ORV-12. Measure the minor axis and major axis in two directions for each cross section of the hollow fiber membrane, and calculate the arithmetic mean values of the inner diameter and the outer diameter of one hollow fiber membrane cross section.
- the film thickness is calculated as (outer diameter-inner diameter) / 2. did. The same measurement was performed for the five cross sections, and the average values were taken as the inner diameter, outer diameter, and film thickness.
- ⁇ Dense layer thickness> After the hollow fiber membrane was washed with water, the solvent was replaced by immersing in an order of 2-propanol (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and cyclohexane (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) at 25 ° C. for 1 hour each.
- the hollow fiber membrane after solvent replacement was drained, and dried for 24 hours in a vacuum dryer (Yamato Vacuum Drying Oven DP33) with an internal temperature of 50 ° C. and an internal pressure of ⁇ 40 Pa.
- the hollow fiber membrane obtained by drying was embedded in a resin, and a section was cut out using a microtome (REICHERT-NISSEI ULTRACUT) so that the cross section of the hollow fiber membrane could be observed.
- the cut sections were observed with a differential interference microscope (Nikon's OPTIPHOT mirror base, reflective differential interference device NR). Ten dense layer thicknesses were measured from the obtained microscope images, and the average value thereof was defined as the dense layer
- the hollow fiber membranes were bundled and inserted into a plastic sleeve, and then a thermosetting resin was injected into the sleeve, cured and sealed. An end face of the hollow fiber membrane cured with the thermosetting resin was cut to obtain an opening surface of the hollow fiber membrane, and an evaluation module having an outer diameter standard membrane area of about 0.1 m 2 was produced. This evaluation module was connected to a membrane performance testing device consisting of a feed water tank and a pump, and water permeability was evaluated. A supply aqueous solution having a sodium chloride concentration of 1500 mg / L was filtered for 1 hour from the outside to the inside of the hollow fiber membrane at 25 ° C. and a pressure of 1.5 MPa.
- Permeable water volume (L / m 2 / day) Permeated water volume (L) / Outer diameter reference membrane area (m 2 ) / Time when membrane permeated water was collected (collecting time) (min) ⁇ (60 (min) ⁇ 24 ( time))
- Salt removal rate (1-membrane permeated water salt concentration (mg / L) / feed aqueous solution salt concentration (mg / L)) ⁇ 100
- Example 1 ⁇ -cellulose content 98.4% by weight, carboxyl group content 1,1-2.5 meq / 100 g Hardwood pre-hydrolyzed kraft pulp was pulverized into cotton with a disc refiner. As a pretreatment step, 100 parts by weight of pulverized pulp (water content: 7.0%) was sprayed with 33 parts by weight of acetic acid maintained at 25 ° C., stirred well, and then allowed to stand for 2 hours for activation.
- the pulp activated by the pretreatment was added to a mixed solution consisting of 364 parts by weight of acetic acid, 244 parts by weight of acetic anhydride, and 6.6 parts by weight of concentrated sulfuric acid.
- the mixed solution was previously cooled to 8.9 ° C. below the freezing point. Based on the time when the pulp was added to the mixed solution, 48 minutes were required to adjust the peak temperature from 8.9 ° C. to 50.9 ° C. below freezing point, and after 65 minutes, the temperature was lowered by 5 ° C. from the peak temperature.
- the neutralizing agent (24% by weight magnesium acetate) starts to be added, and the sulfuric acid amount (aged sulfuric acid amount) is adjusted to 3.7 parts by weight.
- the chemical conversion process was completed. Further, as a hydrolysis step, the reaction bath was heated to 50.9 ° C. and hydrolyzed for 50 minutes. The hydrolysis reaction was stopped by neutralizing sulfuric acid with magnesium acetate to obtain a reaction mixture containing cellulose acetate. The time from when the pulp is added to the mixed solution until the neutralizer is added is defined as the esterification time.
- Precipitation was performed with about 300 parts by weight of a 10% dilute aqueous acetic acid solution per 100 parts by weight of the reaction mixture containing cellulose acetate. After washing with water, calcium hydroxide was added as a stabilizer, filtered and dried to obtain cellulose acetate. Table 1 shows the results of measuring the physical properties of the obtained cellulose acetate.
- the hollow fiber membrane was washed, immersed in water at 60 ° C. in a wet state, and annealed.
- the obtained hollow fiber membrane had an inner diameter of 90 ⁇ m, an outer diameter of 150 ⁇ m, and a hollow ratio of 36.0%.
- a module for evaluation having a length of 1000 mm was produced using the obtained hollow fiber membrane, and the water permeability (L / m 2 / day) and the salt removal rate (%) were measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 1 (Examples 2 to 4, Comparative Examples 1 to 9) Cellulose acetate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the conditions were changed as shown in Table 1. Table 1 shows the results of measuring the physical properties of the obtained cellulose acetate.
- Example 2 a hollow fiber membrane was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, a module for evaluation was produced, and the water permeability (L / m 2 / day) and salt removal rate (%) was measured. The results are shown in Table 1. However, Comparative Example 7 was not measured because a hollow fiber membrane could not be produced.
- Example 10 The cellulose acetate obtained in Example 3 was mixed at a weight ratio of 2 and the cellulose acetate obtained in Comparative Example 1 at a ratio of 1 to obtain cellulose acetate.
- Table 1 shows the results of measuring the physical properties of the obtained cellulose acetate.
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Abstract
Description
本開示のセルロースアセテートに含まれるカルシウムおよびマグネシウムは、セルロースアセテート製造時に使用される中和剤、安定剤、または洗浄水に由来する部分が多く、例えばセルロースアセテートフレーク表面への付着、セルロース繊維に含まれるカルボキシル基や製造時に形成された硫酸エステル部位との静電相互作用により存在している。
6%粘度は、乾燥試料3.00gを、ジクロロメタン/メタノール=91/9混合溶液61.67gで溶解させた6wt/vol%の溶液をオストワルド粘度計を使用して測定した粘度である。
6%粘度(mPa・s)=流下時間(s)×粘度計係数
粘度計係数={標準液絶対粘度(mPa・s)×溶液の密度(0.827g/cm3)}/{標準液の密度(g/cm3)×標準液の流下秒数(s)}
ろ過度は、所定の濾布上での目詰まりの度合いである。本開示のセルロースアセテートのろ過度Kwは、35g-1以下であり、30g-1以下であることが好ましく、20g-1以下であることがより好ましい。ろ過度Kwが35g-1を超えると、特に中空糸膜に用いる場合に、中空糸製膜時の糸切れが増加し、製膜が困難となる。
本開示のセルロースアセテートの分子量分布(重量平均分子量Mwを数平均分子量Mnで除した分子量分布Mw/Mn)は3.00以下であり、2.90以下であることが好ましい。下限値は、特に限定されないが、1.0以上が好ましい。分子量分布Mw/Mnが3.00を超えると十分な透水性が得られない場合がある。
溶媒:ジクロロメタン
カラム:TSKgel GMHXL(7.8×300mm)二本
ガードカラム:TSKgel guardcolumn HXL-H
試料濃度:2000ppm
流量:0.8mL/min
試料注入量:100μL
標準試料:PMMA(分子量1850、7360、29960、79500、201800、509000、625500)
カラム温度:28℃
分子量分布=Mw/Mn
Mw:重量平均分子量、Mn:数平均分子量
本開示のセルロースアセテートの平均酢化度は、61.3~62.3%であり、61.4~62.0%であることが好ましく、61.6~61.8%であることがより好ましい。61.3%未満であると、特に中空糸膜に用いる場合に、微生物による分解が早くなり中空糸寿命が短縮されやすくなり、62.3%を超えると、特に中空糸膜に用いる場合に製膜前の溶解工程における溶解性が悪化しやすくなる。
本開示のセルロースアセテートにおける、組成分布半値幅とは、酢化度を横軸(x軸)に、この酢化度における存在量を縦軸(y軸)としたとき、チャートのピークの高さの半分の高さにおけるチャートの幅であり、分布のバラツキの目安を表す指標である。
高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)分析を用いる。すなわち、異なる酢化度を有する複数のセルロースエステルを標準試料として用いて所定の測定装置および測定条件でHPLC分析を行い、これらの標準試料の分析値を用いて作成した較正曲線[セルロースエステルの存在量と、酢化度との関係を示す曲線、通常、二次曲線(特に放物線)]から、組成分布半値幅を求めることができる。高速液体クロマトグラフィーシステムとしては、例えば、Agilent 1100 Seriesを用いることができる。検出器としては、例えば、Varian 380-LCを用いることができる。このような高速液体クロマトグラフィーの測定条件は以下の通りである。
溶媒1:メタノール/水=8/1(vol/vol)
溶媒2:クロロホルム/メタノール=9/1(vol/vol)
溶媒1/溶媒2=8/2の条件から開始し、28分間かけて溶媒1/溶媒2=0/10の組成に徐々に変化させる。その後、8分間同条件にて溶離を行う。
カラム:Waters Nova-Pak Phenyl 60Å 4μm(150mm×3.9mmφ)
ガードカラム:Waters Nova-Pak Phenyl 4μm
試料濃度:1000ppm
流量:0.7mL/min
試料注入量:15μL
標準試料:異なる酢化度を有する複数のセルロースエステル
カラム温度:30℃
酢化度=aT2+bT+c
(式中、Tは溶出時間であり、a、bおよびcは変換式の係数である)
(式中、Xは所定の測定装置および測定条件で求めた組成分布半値幅(未補正値)、Yは前記Xと同じ測定装置および測定条件で求めたセルロースのヒドロキシル基の全てがアセチル化されたセルロースアセテートの組成分布半値幅を示す。)
本開示に係るセルロースアセテートの6位置換度は、0.92以上であることが好ましく、0.93以上であることがより好ましく、0.94以上であることがさらに好ましい。上限値は、特に限定されないが、0.98以下が好ましい。6位置換度が0.92以上であることにより、N-メチルピロリドン(NMP)等の紡糸溶媒に対する溶解性を高く保つことができ、中空糸製膜時の糸切れが減少する。
本開示に係るセルロースアセテートの総硫酸濃度は、40~150ppmであることが好ましく、50~140ppmであることがより好ましく、60~130ppmであることがさらに好ましい。総硫酸濃度が上記範囲にあることにより、溶解時の熱への安定性を損なうことなく、十分な塩除去率が得られる。
セルロースアセテート製造方法について詳述する。本開示に係るセルロースアセテートは、パルプを解砕する工程、前処理する工程、エステル化する工程、加水分解する工程、沈殿する工程、および安定剤を添加する工程、とを有する一連の工程を経ることにより製造することができる。なお、一般的なセルロースアセテートの製造方法については、「木材化学」(上)(右田ら、共立出版(株)1968年発行、第180頁~第190頁)を参照できる。
本開示のセルロースアセテートの製造方法においてパルプのα-セルロース含有率は、98.0重量%以上であることが好ましく、98.2重量%以上であることがより好ましく、98.4重量%以上であることがさらに好ましい。上限値は、特に限定されない。98.0重量%未満であると、セルロースアセテートの不純物量が増え、ろ過度Kwが大きくなり、中空糸製膜時の糸切れが増加し、製膜が困難となる場合がある。
パルプの解砕工程においては、例えば、ディスクリファイナーを用いて乾式で解砕することができる。特に、パルプがシート状の形態で供給されるなど、以降の工程で取扱いにくい場合は、パルプを乾式で解砕する工程を経ることが好ましい。
前処理工程においては、解砕したパルプと酢酸、または含硫酢酸とを接触させる。酢酸は、96~100重量%酢酸を用いることができ、、含硫酢酸は、硫酸を含む酢酸であり、1~10重量%の硫酸を含むことが好ましい。
エステル化工程においては、前処理したパルプを酢酸および無水酢酸の混合溶液と接触させてパルプを無水酢酸でエステル化する。混合溶液には、硫酸を含むことが好ましい。当該混合溶液に、前処理したパルプを添加すること、または前処理したパルプに、当該混合溶液および硫酸を添加すること等によりエステル化を開始することができる。エステル化工程において、酢酸は、96~100重量%酢酸を用いることができ、硫酸は、濃硫酸であることが好ましい。
加水分解工程は、中和剤を添加して、前記エステル化により得られたセルロースアセテートを加水分解するものである。エステル化反応停止して加水分解を開始するために水、希酢酸、又は酢酸マグネシウム水溶液などの中和剤を添加する。
沈殿工程は、前記加水分解によりアセチル置換度が調整されたセルロースアセテートを沈殿するものである。
セルロースアセテートを沈殿させた後、沈澱したセルロースアセテートに安定剤を添加する。加水分解反応の後(完全中和の後)、セルロースアセテートの熱安定性を高めるためである。安定剤として、アルカリ金属化合物及び/又はアルカリ土類金属化合物、特に水酸化カルシウムなどのカルシウム化合物が好ましい。
カルシウム含量およびマグネシウム含量、カルシウムとマグネシウムとの合計含量、6%粘度、ろ過度Kw、分子量分布Mw/Mn、6位置換度、総硫酸濃度、および組成分布半値幅は、前記の方法により測定した。
ASTM-D-817-91(セルロースアセテートなどの試験方法)における酢化度の測定および計算方法により求めた。
平均酢化度(%)=[6.5×(B-A)×F]/W
(式中、Aは試料での1N-硫酸の滴定量(mL)、Bはブランク試験での1N-硫酸の滴定量(mL)、Fは1N-硫酸の濃度ファクター、Wは試料の重量を示す)。
中空糸膜の内径、外径および膜厚は、中空糸膜をスライドグラスの中央に開けられたφ3mmの孔に中空糸膜が抜け落ちない程度に適当本数通し、スライドグラスの上下面に沿ってカミソリにより中空糸膜をカットし、中空糸膜断面サンプルを得た後、投影機Nikon PROFILE PROJECT ORV-12を用いて中空糸膜断面の短径、長径を測定することにより得られる。中空糸膜断面1個につき2方向の短径、長径を測定し、それぞれの算術平均値を中空糸膜断面1個の内径および外径とし、膜厚は(外径-内径)/2で算出した。5つの断面について同様に測定を行い、平均値を内径、外径、膜厚とした。中空率(%)は下記式より算出した。
中空率(%)=(内径/外径)2×100(%)
中空糸膜を水洗した後、25℃の2-プロパノール(和光純薬社)、シクロヘキサン(和光純薬社)の順に1時間ずつ浸漬して溶媒置換を行った。溶媒置換後の中空糸膜を液切りし、庫内温度50℃、庫内圧力-40Paの真空乾燥機(Yamato Vacuum Drying Oven DP33)で24時間乾燥した。乾燥して得られた中空糸膜を樹脂包埋して中空糸膜断面が観察できるようにミクロトーム(REICHERT-NISSEI ULTRACUT)を用い切片を切り出した。切り出した切片を微分干渉顕微鏡(Nikon社製 OPTIPHOT鏡基、反射型微分干渉装置NR)で観察した。得られた顕微鏡画像より、10箇所の緻密層厚みを測定し、それらの平均値を緻密層厚みとした。
中空糸膜を束ねて、プラスチック製スリーブに挿入した後、熱硬化性樹脂をスリーブに注入し、硬化させ封止した。熱硬化性樹脂で硬化させた中空糸膜の端部を切断することで中空糸膜の開口面を得て、外径基準の膜面積がおよそ0.1m2の評価用モジュールを作製した。この評価用モジュールを供給水タンク、ポンプからなる膜性能試験装置に接続し、透水性を評価した。
塩化ナトリウム濃度1500mg/Lの供給水溶液を、25℃、圧力1.5MPaで中空糸膜の外側から内側へ向かって1時間ろ過した。その後、中空糸膜の開口面より膜透過水を採取して、電子天秤(METTLER TOLEDO社 PG5002-S DeltaRange)で透過水量を測定した。透水量を下記式より算出した。
透水量(L/m2/日)=透過水量(L)/外径基準膜面積(m2)/膜透過水を採取した時間(採取時間)(分)×(60(分)×24(時間))
透水性の評価にて採取した膜透過水、および透水量の評価で使用した塩化ナトリウム濃度1500mg/Lの供給水溶液から、電気伝導率計(東亜ディーケーケー社 CM-25R)で塩化ナトリウム濃度を測定した。塩除去率は下記式より算出した。
塩除去率(%)=(1-膜透過水塩濃度(mg/L)/供給水溶液塩濃度(mg/L))×100
αセルロース含量98.4重量%、カルボキシル基量1,1~2.5meq/100g広葉樹前加水分解クラフトパルプをディスクリファイナーで綿状に解砕した。前処理工程として100重量部の解砕パルプ(含水率7.0%)に25℃に保った33重量部の酢酸を噴霧し、良くかき混ぜた後、2時間静置し活性化した。
表1に示すとおりに条件を変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、セルロースアセテートを得た。得られたセルロースアセテートについて、各物性を測定した結果は、表1に示す。
重量比で、実施例3で得られたセルロースアセテートを2、および比較例1で得られたセルロースアセテートを1の割合で混合してセルロースアセテートを得た。得られたセルロースアセテートについて、各物性を測定した結果は、表1に示す。
Claims (7)
- カルシウムとマグネシウムとの合計含量が2.8~3.5μmol/g、
6%粘度が40~80mPa・s、
ろ過度Kwが35g-1以下、
分子量分布Mw/Mnが3.00以下、
かつ酢化度が61.3~62.3%である、セルロースアセテート。 - ろ過度Kwが30g-1以下である、請求項1に記載のセルロースアセテート。
- カルシウム含量が80~200ppmである、請求項1または2に記載のセルロースアセテート。
- 組成分布半値幅が1.0%以下である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のセルロースアセテート。
- 6位置換度が0.92以上である、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載のセルロースアセテート。
- 総硫酸濃度が40~150ppmである、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載のセルロースアセテート。
- カルボキシル基量が1.0meq/100g以上のパルプを解砕する工程、
前記解砕したパルプと酢酸、または含硫酢酸とを接触させて前処理する工程、
前記前処理したパルプを酢酸および無水酢酸の混合溶液と接触させて無水酢酸でエステル化する工程、
中和剤を添加して、前記エステル化により得られたセルロースアセテートを加水分解する工程、
前記加水分解によりアセチル置換度が調整されたセルロースアセテートを沈殿する工程、
および、前記沈澱したセルロースアセテートに安定剤を添加する工程を有するセルロースアセテートの製造方法において、
前記混合溶液が、氷点下10℃~氷点下3℃の間であり、
前記エステル化工程において、前記前処理したパルプを酢酸および無水酢酸の混合溶液と接触させた時点から50分未満までに反応系の温度が48~55℃の間のピーク温度に到達し、前記時点から70分未満までに反応系の温度が前記ピーク温度より5℃低下する、セルロースアセテートの製造方法。
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201680078679.3A CN108463473B (zh) | 2016-01-12 | 2016-01-12 | 乙酸纤维素及乙酸纤维素的制造方法 |
| US16/067,904 US11066484B2 (en) | 2016-01-12 | 2016-01-12 | Cellulose acetate and method for producing cellulose acetate |
| KR1020187023227A KR102001796B1 (ko) | 2016-01-12 | 2016-01-12 | 셀룰로오스아세테이트 및 셀룰로오스아세테이트의 제조 방법 |
| JP2017561056A JP6557362B2 (ja) | 2016-01-12 | 2016-01-12 | セルロースアセテートおよびセルロースアセテートの製造方法 |
| PCT/JP2016/000117 WO2017122228A1 (ja) | 2016-01-12 | 2016-01-12 | セルロースアセテートおよびセルロースアセテートの製造方法 |
| SA518391943A SA518391943B1 (ar) | 2016-01-12 | 2018-07-01 | أسيتات سيليلوز وطريقة لإنتاج أسيتات سيليلوز |
| NO20180982A NO347959B1 (en) | 2016-01-12 | 2018-07-12 | Cellulose acetate and method for producing cellulose acetate |
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| PCT/JP2016/000117 WO2017122228A1 (ja) | 2016-01-12 | 2016-01-12 | セルロースアセテートおよびセルロースアセテートの製造方法 |
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| JP (1) | JP6557362B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR102001796B1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN108463473B (ja) |
| NO (1) | NO347959B1 (ja) |
| SA (1) | SA518391943B1 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2017122228A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20240247133A1 (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2024-07-25 | Daicel Corporation | Cellulose acetate resin composition |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109440228B (zh) * | 2018-11-07 | 2021-05-18 | 武汉轻工大学 | 一种纤维素基碳纳米纤维的制备方法 |
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- 2016-01-12 WO PCT/JP2016/000117 patent/WO2017122228A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2016-01-12 US US16/067,904 patent/US11066484B2/en active Active
- 2016-01-12 KR KR1020187023227A patent/KR102001796B1/ko active Active
- 2016-01-12 CN CN201680078679.3A patent/CN108463473B/zh active Active
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| US12600840B2 (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2026-04-14 | Daicel Corporation | Cellulose acetate resin composition |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US11066484B2 (en) | 2021-07-20 |
| KR102001796B1 (ko) | 2019-07-18 |
| CN108463473B (zh) | 2020-08-04 |
| KR20180100674A (ko) | 2018-09-11 |
| US20200262933A1 (en) | 2020-08-20 |
| NO347959B1 (en) | 2024-05-27 |
| JP6557362B2 (ja) | 2019-08-07 |
| SA518391943B1 (ar) | 2021-10-21 |
| NO20180982A1 (en) | 2018-07-12 |
| CN108463473A (zh) | 2018-08-28 |
| JPWO2017122228A1 (ja) | 2018-11-01 |
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