WO2017094919A1 - 電池容器用表面処理鋼板 - Google Patents
電池容器用表面処理鋼板 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2017094919A1 WO2017094919A1 PCT/JP2016/086119 JP2016086119W WO2017094919A1 WO 2017094919 A1 WO2017094919 A1 WO 2017094919A1 JP 2016086119 W JP2016086119 W JP 2016086119W WO 2017094919 A1 WO2017094919 A1 WO 2017094919A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- nickel
- iron
- layer
- steel sheet
- treated steel
- Prior art date
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 261
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 261
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 531
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 251
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 192
- UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron nickel Chemical compound [Fe].[Ni] UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 117
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 202
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 105
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 74
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 60
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001336 glow discharge atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 305
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 57
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 43
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 43
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 30
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000010409 ironing Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical group [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000655 Killed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RQMIWLMVTCKXAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [AlH3].[C] Chemical compound [AlH3].[C] RQMIWLMVTCKXAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001030 Iron–nickel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005282 brightening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZYGHJZDHTFUPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N coumarin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC(=O)C=CC2=C1 ZYGHJZDHTFUPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000652 nickel hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000519995 Stachys sylvatica Species 0.000 description 1
- ACIAHEMYLLBZOI-ZZXKWVIFSA-N Unsaturated alcohol Chemical compound CC\C(CO)=C/C ACIAHEMYLLBZOI-ZZXKWVIFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- CYKLGTUKGYURDP-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;hydrogen sulfate;hydroxide Chemical compound O.[Cu+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O CYKLGTUKGYURDP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229960000956 coumarin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000001671 coumarin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002354 inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-hydroxy-2-propan-2-ylsulfonylethanimidamide Chemical compound CC(C)S(=O)(=O)CC(N)=NO LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyoxy-ethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010183 spectrum analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
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- B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
- B32B15/015—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium the said other metal being copper or nickel or an alloy thereof
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- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/18—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising iron or steel
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a surface-treated steel sheet for battery containers.
- alkaline batteries that are primary batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries that are secondary batteries, lithium ion batteries, and the like are frequently used as operating power sources.
- Such batteries are required to have longer life and higher performance in accordance with higher performance of the mounted devices, and battery containers filled with power generation elements composed of positive electrode active materials, negative electrode active materials, and the like are also used as batteries.
- power generation elements composed of positive electrode active materials, negative electrode active materials, and the like are also used as batteries.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 As a surface-treated steel sheet for forming such a battery container, for example, in Patent Documents 1 and 2, a nickel plating layer is formed on the steel sheet and then heat-treated to form an iron-nickel diffusion layer. A surface-treated steel sheet is disclosed.
- battery containers are required to have a thin can wall for improving the volume ratio.
- Patent Documents 3 and 4 it is known to perform processing such that the thickness of the can wall of the battery container after processing becomes thinner than the thickness of the surface-treated steel sheet before processing.
- JP 2014-009401 A JP-A-6-2104 International Publication No. 2009/107318 International Publication No. 2014/156002
- the heat treatment conditions for forming the iron-nickel diffusion layer are high temperature or long time, the surface-treated steel sheet to be obtained is plated with iron and nickel of the steel sheet as a base material. Interdiffusion with nickel in the layer is easy to proceed.
- the present inventors may increase the amount of iron eluted from the inner surface of the battery container when used as a battery after processing into the battery container. The knowledge that it might be easy to fall was acquired. Iron exposed when forming a battery container was considered preferable for improving battery characteristics, but when the nickel plating layer formed before heat treatment is thin according to the research of the present inventors, the exposure of iron may locally increase. It was revealed. When the amount of elution increases, the corrosion resistance may be likely to decrease.
- the elution amount of iron in a battery container inner surface may increase by making thickness of the can wall of a battery container thin, and the problem that the corrosion resistance of a battery container inner surface will fall. was there.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a surface-treated steel sheet for a battery container that is excellent in corrosion resistance even when the volume ratio is improved by reducing the thickness of the can wall when the battery container is formed.
- a battery container surface treatment comprising: a steel plate; an iron-nickel diffusion layer formed on the steel plate; and a nickel layer formed on the iron-nickel diffusion layer and constituting an outermost layer.
- the Fe intensity and Ni intensity are continuously measured from the surface of the surface-treated steel sheet for battery containers toward the depth direction by a high-frequency glow discharge emission spectroscopic analyzer, the Fe intensity is a first predetermined value.
- the thickness of the iron-nickel diffusion layer which is the difference (D2 ⁇ D1) between the depth (D1) indicating Ni and the depth (D2) where the Ni intensity exhibits the second predetermined value, is 0.04 to 0.31 ⁇ m.
- the depth (D1) indicating the first predetermined value is a depth indicating 10% of the saturation value of the Fe intensity measured by the measurement, and the depth indicating the second predetermined value.
- the depth (D2) is a depth indicating a strength of 10% with respect to the maximum value when the measurement is further performed in the depth direction after the Ni intensity shows the maximum value by the measurement.
- the average crystal grain size of the surface portion of the nickel layer is 0.2 to 0.6 ⁇ m.
- the nickel layer preferably has a thickness of 0.4 to 1.2 ⁇ m.
- the Vickers hardness (HV) measured by a load of 10 gf in the nickel layer is 200 to 280.
- the battery container which consists of the surface-treated steel plate for battery containers mentioned above is provided. Moreover, according to this invention, a battery provided with the battery container mentioned above is provided.
- a nickel amount 4.4 g / m 2 or more, and nickel plating step of forming a nickel plating layer of less than 10.8 g / m 2 The steel plate on which the nickel plating layer is formed is subjected to a heat treatment by holding it at a temperature of 450 to 600 ° C. for 30 seconds to 2 minutes, whereby an iron-nickel diffusion having a thickness of 0.04 to 0.31 ⁇ m. And a heat treatment step for forming a layer, and a method for producing a surface-treated steel sheet for battery containers.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a surface-treated steel sheet for a battery container having excellent corrosion resistance even when the volume ratio is improved by reducing the thickness of the can wall when the battery container is formed. Moreover, according to this invention, the battery container and battery obtained using such a surface-treated steel sheet for battery containers can be provided.
- FIG. 1 It is a perspective view which shows one Embodiment of the battery to which the surface treatment steel plate for battery containers which concerns on this invention is applied. It is sectional drawing which follows the II-II line of FIG. It is one Embodiment of the surface treatment steel plate for battery containers which concerns on this invention, Comprising: It is an expanded sectional view of the III section of FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the method to manufacture the surface-treated steel sheet for battery containers shown in FIG. It is a graph which shows the result of having measured Fe intensity
- FIG. It is a photograph which shows a reflected-electron image, an element map of iron, and an element map of nickel about the battery container inner surface formed from the surface-treated steel sheet for battery containers of Example 2.
- FIG. 1 It is a photograph which shows a reflected-electron image, an element map of iron, and an element map of nickel about the battery container inner surface formed from the surface treatment steel plate for battery containers of the comparative example 1. It is a photograph which shows a reflected-electron image, an element map of iron, and an element map of nickel about the battery container inner surface formed from the surface treatment steel plate for battery containers of the comparative example 2.
- FIG. 13 is an enlarged photograph of the reflected electron image shown in FIG.
- the surface-treated steel sheet for battery containers according to the present invention is processed into an outer shape corresponding to a desired battery shape.
- the alkaline battery which is a primary battery
- the nickel hydride battery which is a secondary battery
- a lithium ion battery etc. can be illustrated, and it is based on this invention as a member of the battery container of these batteries.
- a surface-treated steel sheet for battery containers can be used. Below, this invention is demonstrated in embodiment using the surface treatment steel plate for battery containers which concerns on this invention for the positive electrode can which comprises the battery container of an alkaline battery.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of an alkaline battery 2 to which a surface-treated steel sheet for battery containers according to the present invention is applied
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II in FIG.
- the alkaline battery 2 of the present example is filled with a positive electrode mixture 23 and a negative electrode mixture 24 through a separator 25 in a bottomed cylindrical positive electrode can 21, and on the inner surface side of the opening of the positive electrode can 21, a negative electrode
- a sealing member composed of the terminal 22, the current collector 26 and the gasket 27 is caulked.
- a convex positive electrode terminal 211 is formed at the center of the bottom of the positive electrode can 21.
- the positive electrode can 21 is provided with an exterior 29 via an insulating ring 28 in order to provide insulation and improve design.
- the positive electrode can 21 of the alkaline battery 2 shown in FIG. 1 is obtained by subjecting the surface-treated steel sheet for battery containers according to the present invention to a deep drawing method, a drawing and ironing method (DI processing method), a drawing stretch processing method (DTR processing method), Alternatively, it can be obtained by forming by a processing method that uses stretch processing and ironing together after drawing.
- DI processing method drawing and ironing method
- DTR processing method drawing stretch processing method
- the surface-treated steel sheet 1 of the present embodiment is formed by forming an iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 and a nickel layer 14 on a steel sheet 11 constituting a base material of the surface-treated steel sheet 1.
- the thickness of the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 measured by a high-frequency glow discharge optical emission spectrometer is 0.04 to 0.31 ⁇ m, and the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 and the total amount of nickel contained in the nickel layer 14, 4.4 g / m 2 or more and less than 10.8 g / m 2.
- the surface-treated steel sheet 1 of the present embodiment has excellent corrosion resistance even when the volume ratio is improved by reducing the thickness of the can wall when the battery container is used.
- the nickel layer 14 preferably has an average crystal grain size of 0.2 to 0.6 ⁇ m at the surface portion. Thereby, the surface-treated steel sheet 1 of the present embodiment is superior in corrosion resistance when used as a battery container.
- the steel plate 11 of the present embodiment is not particularly limited as long as it has excellent formability.
- a low carbon aluminum killed steel carbon content 0.01 to 0.15% by weight
- the carbon content is 0. 0.003 wt% or less of ultra-low carbon steel, or non-aging ultra-low carbon steel obtained by adding Ti, Nb or the like to ultra-low carbon steel can be used.
- the thickness of the steel plate is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.2 to 0.5 mm. If it is too thick, the amount of heat required for diffusion is insufficient and the diffusion layer may not be sufficiently formed. If it is too thin, there is a risk that the thickness required for the subsequent battery can cannot be ensured, or that the heat transfer is quick and it is difficult to control the thickness of the diffusion layer.
- these steel hot-rolled plates are pickled to remove surface scale (oxide film), then cold-rolled, and then subjected to electrolytic cleaning, annealing, temper rolling, or A steel sheet 11 is used after the cold rolling and electrolytic cleaning, and subjected to temper rolling without annealing.
- the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 is formed by forming a nickel plating layer 13 on the steel sheet 11 and then performing a thermal diffusion process, whereby the iron constituting the steel sheet 11 and the nickel plating layer are formed.
- 13 is a layer in which iron and nickel formed by thermally diffusing nickel constituting 13 are mutually diffused.
- the nickel layer 14 is a layer that is recrystallized and softened by heat at a portion close to the surface layer in which iron is not diffused in the nickel plating layer 13 when the thermal diffusion treatment is performed.
- the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 obtained by such a thermal diffusion treatment, when the surface-treated steel sheet 1 is used as a battery container, the steel sheet directly contacts the electrolytic solution constituting the battery over a wide area. Furthermore, by having the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 that relaxes the potential difference between the nickel of the nickel layer 14 and the iron of the steel plate 11, the corrosion resistance and battery characteristics can be improved. it can. Further, the adhesion between the steel plate 11 and the nickel layer 14 can be improved by forming the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12.
- the nickel plating layer 13 for forming the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 can be formed on the steel plate 11 by using, for example, a nickel plating bath.
- a nickel plating bath a plating bath usually used in nickel plating, that is, a watt bath, a sulfamic acid bath, a borofluoride bath, a chloride bath, or the like can be used.
- the nickel plating layer 13 is a watt bath having a bath composition of nickel sulfate 200 to 350 g / L, nickel chloride 20 to 60 g / L, boric acid 10 to 50 g / L, and pH 3.0 to 4.8 ( Preferably, it can be formed under conditions of pH 3.6 to 4.6), bath temperature 50 to 70 ° C., and current density of 10 to 40 A / dm 2 (preferably 20 to 30 A / dm 2 ).
- the nickel plating layer bright plating containing sulfur is not preferable because there is a possibility that the battery characteristics may be deteriorated, but not only matte plating containing no more than an unavoidable amount of impurities, but also semi-gloss plating is used in the present invention. Applicable. Although the hardness of the layer obtained by plating is harder than the matte plating, the hardness of the semigloss plating is about the same as or slightly higher than that of the matte plating by the heat treatment for forming the diffusion layer in the present invention. Because it becomes. When semi-gloss plating is formed as the nickel plating layer, a semi-gloss agent may be added to the plating bath.
- the semi-brightening agent is not particularly limited as long as it is a semi-brightening agent that does not contain sulfur in the nickel plating layer after plating (for example, the content is 0.05% or less as measured by fluorescent X-ray). It is possible to use aliphatic unsaturated alcohol such as polyoxy-ethylene adduct of alcohol, unsaturated carboxylic acid, formaldehyde, coumarin and the like.
- the above-described nickel plating layer 13 is formed on the steel plate 11, and then an iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 and a nickel layer 14 are formed by performing thermal diffusion treatment.
- a surface-treated steel sheet 1 as shown in FIG. 3 can be obtained.
- the nickel amount of the nickel plating layer 13 before the thermal diffusion treatment corresponds to the total amount of nickel contained in the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 and the nickel layer 14 obtained by the thermal diffusion treatment.
- the total amount of nickel contained in the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 and the nickel layer 14 obtained by the thermal diffusion treatment is 4.4 g / m 2 or more, 10 .8g / m may be less than 2, but preferably 5.5 g / m 2 or more and less than 10.8 g / m 2, more preferably 6.5 g / m 2 or more, is less than 10.8 g / m 2 . If the total amount of nickel contained in the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 and the nickel layer 14 is too small, the effect of improving the corrosion resistance by nickel becomes insufficient, and the corrosion resistance decreases when the obtained surface-treated steel sheet 1 is used as a battery container. Resulting in.
- the total amount of nickel contained in the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 and the nickel layer 14 is, for example, the total amount of nickel contained in the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 and the nickel layer 14 (total It can be determined by a method of calculation based on (weight).
- the total amount of nickel contained in the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 and the nickel layer 14 can be determined by performing fluorescent X-ray measurement after forming the nickel plating layer 13 and before performing thermal diffusion treatment. It can also be obtained by a method of measuring the adhesion amount of nickel atoms constituting the layer 13 and calculating based on the measured adhesion amount.
- the conditions of the thermal diffusion treatment may be appropriately selected according to the thickness of the nickel plating layer 13, but the heat treatment temperature is 450 to 600 ° C, more preferably 480 to 590 ° C, and further preferably 500 to 550 ° C.
- the soaking time in the heat treatment is preferably 30 seconds to 2 minutes, more preferably 30 to 100 seconds, still more preferably 45 to 90 seconds.
- the time including the temperature rising / cooling time in addition to the soaking time is preferably 2 to 7 minutes, more preferably 3 to 5 minutes.
- the thermal diffusion treatment method the continuous annealing method is preferable from the viewpoint that the heat treatment temperature and the heat treatment time are easily adjusted to the above ranges.
- the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 can be formed between the steel plate 11 and the nickel layer 14, and as a result, the surface-treated steel plate 1
- the steel plate 11 may have a structure (Ni / Fe—Ni / Fe) having an iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 and a nickel layer 14 in order from the bottom.
- the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 thus formed may have a thickness measured by a high-frequency glow discharge emission spectroscopic analyzer of 0.04 to 0.31 ⁇ m, preferably 0.05. It is ⁇ 0.27 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.08 to 0.25 ⁇ m, still more preferably 0.09 to 0.20 ⁇ m. If the thickness of the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 is too thin, the adhesion of the nickel layer 14 may be reduced in the surface-treated steel sheet 1 obtained. On the other hand, if the thickness of the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 is too thick, the exposed amount of iron increases in the nickel layer 14 of the surface-treated steel sheet 1 to be obtained. As a result, the amount of iron eluted from the iron increases and the corrosion resistance decreases.
- the thickness of the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 is determined by continuously changing the Fe strength and Ni strength in the depth direction from the outermost surface to the steel plate 11 with respect to the surface-treated steel plate 1 using a high-frequency glow discharge optical emission spectrometer. It can be determined by measuring.
- the Fe intensity in the surface-treated steel sheet 1 is measured until the Fe intensity is saturated, and the Fe intensity is measured based on the saturation value of the Fe intensity.
- a depth at which the saturation value is 10% is defined as a boundary between the nickel layer 14 and the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12.
- FIG. 5 (A) is a measurement result of the surface treatment steel plate 1 of the Example mentioned later.
- the vertical axis represents the Fe intensity and the Ni intensity
- the horizontal axis represents the measurement time when measured in the depth direction from the surface of the surface-treated steel sheet 1 using a high-frequency glow discharge emission spectroscopic analyzer. Indicates.
- a saturation value of Fe intensity is obtained based on the measurement result of Fe intensity.
- the saturation value of Fe intensity can be obtained from the rate of change of Fe intensity over time (Fe intensity change / second).
- the temporal change rate of the Fe intensity rapidly increases when Fe is detected after the start of measurement, decreases when the maximum value is exceeded, and stabilizes near zero.
- the saturation value is obtained, and the rate of change in the time of the Fe intensity is, specifically, the measurement time in the depth direction when the value is 0.02 (Fe intensity / second) or less. Can be considered saturated.
- the saturation value of the Fe intensity is about 70 around the measurement time of 20 seconds, and the depth at which the Fe intensity is about 7 which is 10% of the saturation value is expressed as nickel. It can be detected as a boundary between the layer 14 and the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12.
- the boundary between the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 and the steel plate 11 can be detected as follows. That is, when the Ni intensity of the surface-treated steel sheet 1 is measured using a high-frequency glow discharge optical emission spectrometer, the maximum value is extracted from the obtained graph of the Ni intensity change, and the Ni intensity indicates the maximum value. After that, the depth that is 10% of the maximum value is determined as the boundary between the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 and the steel plate 11. For example, referring to FIG. 5 (A), since the maximum value of Ni intensity is a value of about 70 near the measurement time of 9 seconds, the depth at which the Ni intensity is about 7 which is 10% of the maximum value. Can be detected as a boundary between the nickel plating layer 13 and the steel plate 11.
- the thickness of the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 can be obtained based on the boundary between the layers determined as described above. Specifically, when measured using a high-frequency glow discharge optical emission spectrometer, the Ni intensity shows its maximum value starting from the point when the Fe intensity becomes 10% of its saturation value. Thereafter, the measurement time until the point where the strength reaches 10% of the maximum value is calculated, and the thickness of the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 can be obtained based on the calculated measurement time.
- the thickness of the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 of the surface-treated steel sheet 1 is obtained based on the measurement time.
- a high-frequency glow discharge issuance spectroscopic analysis of a nickel-plated steel sheet having a known plating thickness and not subjected to thermal diffusion treatment is performed,
- the depth thickness calculated as the iron-nickel diffusion layer which can be seen in the measured figure (for example, FIG. 5C showing the measurement result of Comparative Example 1 described later), is the surface-treated steel sheet 1 that is the actual measurement object. It is necessary to subtract when calculating the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12. That is, the thickness of the portion of the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 calculated from the graph of FIG. 5 (A) (in FIG.
- the thickness calculated as an iron-nickel diffusion layer by performing high-frequency glow discharge issuance spectroscopic analysis on a nickel-plated steel sheet that has not been heat-treated and has a known plating thickness is referred to as a “reference thickness”.
- the difference (D2-D1) between D1 and D2 is obtained by subtracting the reference thickness as described above.
- the standard thickness calculated from the measurement of the nickel plating layer increases as the thickness of the nickel plating layer increases as measured by the high-frequency glow discharge optical emission spectrometer.
- Check the standard thickness for each plating adhesion amount, or measure the standard thickness on the sample before two or more heat treatments with different plating adhesion amounts, and the relational expression between the plating adhesion amount and the reference thickness It is desirable to calculate by calculating.
- the relationship between the depth time (measurement time with a high-frequency glow discharge emission spectroscopic analyzer) and the actual thickness can be obtained.
- the numerical value indicating the relationship between the depth time and the actual thickness it can be converted into the thickness of the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 and the thickness of the nickel layer 14 of the surface-treated steel sheet 1 to be actually measured. .
- the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 is measured by the high-frequency glow discharge optical emission spectrometer in this way, the iron-nickel diffusion is caused by the performance and measurement conditions of the high-frequency glow discharge optical emission spectrometer. There may be a limit of detection of the thickness of the layer 12.
- a nickel-plated heat-treated steel sheet 1 prepared using a steel sheet 11 having a surface roughness Ra of 0.05 to 3 ⁇ m measured by a stylus type roughness meter as a steel sheet 11 is measured by a high-frequency glow discharge emission spectroscopic analyzer.
- the thickness detectable region (detection limit value on the shape) by the high-frequency glow discharge optical emission spectrometer is about 0.04 ⁇ m
- the iron-nickel diffusion layer measured by the high-frequency glow discharge optical emission spectrometer When the thickness of 12 is not more than the detection limit value, the thickness of the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 can be regarded as being more than 0 ⁇ m and less than 0.04 ⁇ m.
- the high-frequency glow discharge emission spectroscopic analyzer uses the iron-
- the thickness of the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 can be considered to be more than 0 ⁇ m and less than 0.04 ⁇ m even if it is below the detection limit value.
- the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 is not formed on the nickel plating steel plate. (The thickness of the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 is 0).
- the thickness of the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 increases as the heat treatment temperature is higher or the heat treatment time is longer, because the interdiffusion between iron and nickel is more likely to proceed. Since iron and nickel diffuse to each other, the formed iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 extends to the steel plate 11 side with respect to the interface between the steel plate 11 and the nickel plating layer 13 before diffusion, but to the nickel plating layer 13 side. Also spread. If the heat treatment temperature is too high, or if the heat treatment time is too long, the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 becomes thick and the nickel layer 14 becomes thin. For example, the thickness of the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 exceeds 0.3 ⁇ m.
- the present inventors have found that when such a surface-treated steel sheet is formed into a battery container, there is an increase in the amount of elution that is considered to be caused by an increase in iron exposure.
- the exposure of iron on the inner surface of the battery container is not only when the thickness of the nickel layer 14 in the surface-treated steel sheet 1 is almost eliminated and the iron reaches the surface layer, but also when the iron does not reach the surface layer in the state of the surface-treated steel sheet 1.
- it is considered that a large amount of iron is exposed on the inner surface of the battery container and a locally exposed portion appears.
- the iron when the surface-treated steel sheet 1 is stored or used as a battery container for a long period of time, the iron is eluted from the portion where the iron is locally exposed to the electrolyte, and is generated along with the elution of the iron.
- the internal pressure of the battery may increase due to the gas to be discharged.
- the present inventors have made a process in which the thickness of the can wall after the formation of the battery can is made thinner than the thickness of the surface-treated steel sheet before the formation of the battery can in order to increase the capacity of the battery.
- the thickness of the can wall can be reduced when the battery container is formed, and thereby the volume ratio of the obtained battery can be remarkably improved.
- the thickness of the can-wall when the battery container is formed as described above by making the thickness of the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 0.04 to 0.31 ⁇ m or less. Even when the volume ratio is improved by reducing the thickness, the battery container can have excellent corrosion resistance.
- the thickness of the can wall of the battery container when the thickness of the can wall of the battery container is reduced, the amount of iron elution on the inner surface of the battery container may increase, which may reduce the corrosion resistance of the inner surface of the battery container. .
- a method of improving the corrosion resistance when the battery container is formed there is a method of increasing the thickness of the iron-nickel diffusion layer or nickel layer formed on the inner surface of the battery container.
- the thickness of the can wall is increased, and the volume ratio is lowered. Therefore, in the technique of the surface-treated steel sheet for battery containers, it has been difficult to achieve both the volume ratio when used as a battery container and the corrosion resistance.
- the thickness of the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 and the total amount of nickel contained in the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 and the nickel layer 14 are controlled within the above ranges, respectively.
- the surface-treated steel sheet 1 in which the volume ratio and the corrosion resistance in the battery container are highly balanced.
- a heat treatment temperature of 400 to 600 ° C. and a heat treatment time of 1 to 8 hours are known.
- the heat treatment temperature is 700 to 800 ° C. and the heat treatment time is 30 seconds to 2 minutes.
- the present inventors perform the thermal diffusion treatment under the above-mentioned long-time or high-temperature conditions, the iron of the steel sheet constituting the surface-treated steel sheet is excessively thermally diffused, and the obtained surface treatment is performed. Obtaining knowledge that the amount of iron elution increases when a steel plate is formed into a battery container.
- the thickness of the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 is 0.04 to 0.31 ⁇ m, and the nickel-containing layers included in the iron-nickel diffusion layer and the nickel layer are used.
- the total amount of 4.4 g / m 2 or more by controlling the range of less than 10.8 g / m 2, the surface treated steel sheet 1 on the inner surface at the shaping of the battery container, the area of iron of the steel sheet is exposed It is possible to reduce the corrosion resistance when the surface-treated steel sheet 1 is used as a battery container.
- the workability when the surface-treated steel sheet 1 is processed into a battery container can be further improved. It was.
- the thickness of the nickel layer 14 after the thermal diffusion treatment is preferably 0.5 to 1.20 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.60 to 1.20 ⁇ m, and further preferably 0.70 to 1.17 ⁇ m. It is.
- the thickness of the nickel layer 14 after the thermal diffusion treatment is controlled to a relatively thin range as described above, the effect of improving the corrosion resistance by the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 can be sufficiently secured, and the battery container can be obtained.
- the wall thickness can be reduced, and the volume in the battery container can be increased. Thereby, the quantity of contents, such as the positive mix 23 and the negative mix 24 with which a battery container is filled, can be increased, and the battery characteristic of the battery obtained can be improved.
- the thickness of the nickel layer 14 after the thermal diffusion treatment can be obtained by detecting the boundary between the nickel layer 14 and the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 by measurement using the above-described high-frequency glow discharge optical emission spectrometer. That is, the measurement time from when the measurement of the surface of the surface-treated steel sheet 1 is started by the high-frequency glow discharge optical emission spectrometer to the time when the Fe intensity becomes 10% of the saturation value is calculated. Based on the calculated measurement time, the thickness of the nickel layer 14 can be obtained.
- the nickel layer 14 after the thermal diffusion treatment has an average crystal grain size of the surface portion of preferably 0.2 to 0.6 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.3 to 0.6 ⁇ m, and still more preferably. 0.3 to 0.5 ⁇ m.
- the average crystal grain size of the surface portion of the nickel layer 14 is not particularly limited. However, if the average crystal grain size is too small, the plating stress remains inherent.
- the surface-treated steel sheet 1 may be deeply cracked to reach the steel sheet 11 and the iron of the steel sheet 11 may be exposed. In this case, iron is eluted from the exposed portion of the steel plate 11, and the internal pressure inside the battery may increase due to the gas generated as the iron is eluted.
- the battery container of the surface-treated steel sheet 1 is used. It is preferable that fine cracks are generated on the inner surface side of. In this respect, if the average crystal grain size of the surface portion of the nickel layer 14 is too large, the hardness of the nickel layer 14 may become too low (the nickel layer 14 becomes too soft).
- the effect of improving battery characteristics that is, contact between the battery container and the positive electrode mixture by cracking
- the effect of increasing the area and reducing the internal resistance of the battery to improve the battery characteristics may not be sufficiently obtained.
- the thickness of the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 is relatively thin as 0.04 to 0.31 ⁇ m.
- the area where the iron of the steel sheet is exposed is suppressed on the inner surface side, and the corrosion resistance when the surface-treated steel sheet 1 is used as a battery container is improved. Became possible.
- the workability when processing the surface-treated steel sheet 1 into a battery container is improved. It was also possible to improve it.
- the thickness of the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 and the nickel layer 14 is relatively thin, it is advantageous in terms of cost when the surface-treated steel sheet 1 is manufactured.
- the battery is assembled by molding into a container, it is possible to increase the internal capacity of the battery container, leading to improvement of battery characteristics.
- the average crystal grain size of the surface portion of the nickel layer 14 tends to increase as the heat treatment temperature in the thermal diffusion treatment increases, but the present inventors determined that the average crystal grain size depends on the temperature range. I found out that it would become bigger. In contrast to the case where the heat treatment is not performed, the crystal grains are larger when the heat treatment is performed even at a low temperature, for example, 300 ° C. When the heat treatment temperature is between 400-600 ° C., the higher the temperature, the slightly larger the crystal grain size, but the difference in crystal grain size with temperature is not so large. When the heat treatment temperature exceeds 700 ° C., the average crystal grain size increases rapidly. Therefore, the average crystal grain size of the surface portion of the nickel layer 14 can be adjusted by controlling the heat treatment temperature of the thermal diffusion treatment.
- the heat treatment temperature is particularly preferably 430 to 550 ° C. That is, by making the surface hardness of the nickel layer 14 harder with the heat treatment temperature set in the above range, the fineness of the surface-treated steel sheet 1 does not reach the steel sheet 11 on the inner surface side of the battery container when forming the battery container. Cracks can be generated, and the contact area between the battery container and the positive electrode mixture can be increased by the cracks, the internal resistance of the battery can be reduced, and the battery characteristics can be further improved.
- the average crystal grain size of the surface portion of the nickel layer 14 is obtained, for example, by measuring the surface of the surface-treated steel sheet 1 with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and using the obtained reflected electron image. it can.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- FIG. 7 (A) is an image showing a reflected electron image obtained by measuring the surface-treated steel sheet 1 of an example described later at a magnification of 10,000. Then, an arbitrary number (for example, four) of straight lines having a length of 10 ⁇ m is drawn on the obtained reflected electron image.
- the crystal grain diameter d 10 / (n + 1), and the average of the crystal grain diameters d obtained for each straight line
- the value can be the average crystal grain size of the surface portion of the nickel plating layer 13.
- the surface hardness of the nickel layer 14 after the thermal diffusion treatment is Vickers hardness (HV) measured with a load of 10 gf, preferably 200 to 280, more preferably 210 to 250.
- HV Vickers hardness
- the surface-treated steel sheet 1 as a method for controlling the thickness of the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 and the total amount of nickel contained in the iron-nickel diffusion layer and the nickel layer to the above ranges, A method of performing thermal diffusion treatment under the above-described conditions can be mentioned. That is, after forming the nickel plating layer 13 on the steel plate 11, a heat diffusion treatment is performed under the conditions of a heat treatment temperature of 450 to 600 ° C. and a heat treatment time of 30 seconds to 2 minutes.
- a method for controlling the average crystal grain size of the surface portion of the nickel layer 14 to the above-described range for the surface-treated steel sheet 1 to be obtained a method of performing a thermal diffusion treatment under the same conditions is given. It is done. That is, after forming the nickel plating layer 13 on the steel plate 11, a heat diffusion treatment is performed under the conditions of a heat treatment temperature of 450 to 600 ° C. and a heat treatment time of 30 seconds to 2 minutes.
- the thickness of the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 tends to increase as the heat treatment temperature in the heat diffusion treatment increases and as the heat treatment time increases. Therefore, the thickness of the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 and the ratio of (thickness of the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 / thickness of the nickel layer 14) can be adjusted by controlling the heat treatment temperature and heat treatment time of the thermal diffusion treatment. it can. However, since it is difficult to form an iron-nickel diffusion layer at 300 ° C., a viewpoint of controlling the thickness of the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 and the ratio of (thickness of the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 / thickness of the nickel layer 14) to the above range. More preferably, the thermal diffusion treatment is performed at 480 ° C. or higher.
- the surface-treated steel sheet 1 of the present embodiment is configured as described above.
- the surface-treated steel sheet 1 of the present embodiment is a deep drawing method, a drawing ironing method (DI processing method), a drawing stretch processing method (DTR processing method), or a processing method that uses ironing together with drawing after stretching.
- DI processing method drawing ironing method
- DTR processing method drawing stretch processing method
- the positive electrode can 21 of the alkaline battery 2 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and the battery container of other batteries are molded and used.
- the steel plate 11 is prepared, and as described above, the nickel plating layer 13 is formed on the surface of the steel plate 11 which will be the battery container inner surface by performing nickel plating on the steel plate 11.
- the nickel plating layer 13 is formed not only on the surface which becomes the battery container inner surface of the steel plate 11 but also on the opposite surface.
- a plating bath having different compositions is used on the surface that is the inner surface of the battery container and the outer surface of the battery container in the steel plate 11.
- the nickel plating layers 13 having different surface roughness and the like may be formed, respectively, from the viewpoint of improving manufacturing efficiency, the nickel plating layers 13 are formed in one step on both surfaces of the steel plate 11 using the same plating bath. Is preferred.
- the steel plate 11 on which the nickel plating layer 13 is formed is subjected to a thermal diffusion treatment under the above-described conditions, whereby iron constituting the steel plate 11 and nickel constituting the nickel plating layer 13 are thermally diffused, and iron Forming a nickel diffusion layer 12 and a nickel layer 14; Thereby, the surface-treated steel sheet 1 as shown in FIG. 3 is obtained.
- temper rolling may be performed on the obtained surface-treated steel sheet 1.
- the surface roughness of the surface used as the inner surface of the battery container of the surface-treated steel sheet 1 can be adjusted, and when the surface-treated steel sheet 1 is used as a battery container, the contact area between the battery container and the positive electrode mixture is increased.
- the internal resistance of the battery can be increased and the battery characteristics can be improved.
- the surface-treated steel sheet 1 of this embodiment is manufactured.
- the iron - the total amount of nickel contained in the nickel diffusion layer and the nickel layer 4.4 g / m 2 or more, a relatively small of less than 10.8 g / m 2
- the alkaline battery 2 obtained by controlling the thickness of the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 to a relatively thin range of 0.04 to 0.31 ⁇ m or less as measured by a high-frequency glow discharge optical emission spectrometer.
- the thickness of the can wall of the battery container while reducing the thickness of the can wall of the battery container to significantly improve the volume ratio, the area of the steel plate exposed to the inner surface of the battery container is further suppressed, and the corrosion resistance of the battery container is improved. Can be made.
- the surface-treated steel sheet 1 of the present embodiment can be suitably used as a battery container such as a battery using an alkaline electrolyte such as an alkaline battery or a nickel hydride battery, or a lithium ion battery.
- the steel plate 11 on which the nickel plating layer 13 is formed is subjected to a thermal diffusion treatment by continuous annealing under the conditions of a heat treatment temperature of 430 ° C., a heat treatment time of 1 minute, and a reducing atmosphere, whereby the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 and nickel Layer 14 was formed, and surface-treated steel sheet 1 was obtained.
- temper rolling was performed on the obtained surface-treated steel sheet 1 under the condition of an elongation rate of 1%.
- the thickness of the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 and the nickel layer 14 is measured, the surface hardness of the nickel layer 14 is measured, and the average crystal of the nickel layer 14 is measured.
- the particle size was measured and the surface was observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
- the Fe intensity and Ni intensity are continuously measured in the depth direction from the outermost surface to the steel sheet 11 using a high-frequency glow discharge emission spectroscopic analyzer. Starting from the time when the strength reached 10%, the Ni intensity showed its maximum value, and then the measurement time until the time when the Ni intensity became 10% of the maximum value was calculated. Based on this, the thickness of the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 was determined.
- the actual thickness of the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 in Example 1 is obtained.
- the nickel layer 14 starts from the time when measurement of the surface of the surface-treated steel sheet 1 is started by the high-frequency glow discharge emission spectroscopic analyzer until the Fe strength reaches 10% of the saturation value. The measurement time was calculated, and the thickness of the nickel layer 14 was determined based on the calculated measurement time. Based on the measured results, the ratio of the thickness of the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 to the thickness of the nickel layer 14 (the thickness of the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 / the thickness of the nickel layer 14) was determined. The results are shown in FIG.
- the ratio of (thickness of iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 / thickness of nickel layer 14) was described as “thickness ratio Fe—Ni / Ni”.
- the standard thickness calculated from the measurement of the nickel plating layer increases as the thickness of the nickel plating layer increases as measured by the high-frequency glow discharge optical emission spectrometer.
- the nickel layer 14 of the surface-treated steel sheet 1 is subjected to a Vickers hardness (HV) using a micro hardness tester (manufactured by Akashi Seisakusho Co., Ltd., model number: MVK-G2) using a diamond indenter and a load of 10 gf and a holding time of 10 seconds. ) was measured to measure the surface hardness.
- HV Vickers hardness
- MVK-G2 micro hardness tester
- ⁇ Measurement of average crystal grain size of nickel layer 14 First, the surface of the surface-treated steel sheet 1 was etched. Specifically, 0.1 ml of an aqueous solution in which copper sulfate hydrate is dissolved at a concentration of 200 g / L is dropped on the surface of the surface-treated steel sheet 1, and 0.1 ml of hydrochloric acid is dropped immediately thereafter and held for 30 seconds. Then, it was washed with water and dried. Next, for the surface-treated steel sheet 1, a reflected electron image of the surface is obtained by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and on the obtained reflected electron image, four straight lines are drawn as shown in FIG. In accordance with the method described above, the average crystal grain size of the nickel layer 14 was calculated from the number of crystal grains located on each straight line. The results are shown in FIG.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the image described as “Image” is a reflected electron image
- the image described as “Feka” is an iron element map
- “Nika” The image described is an elemental map of nickel.
- the portion where the iron k ⁇ ray is observed is shown in white.
- the element map of nickel the portion where the k ⁇ ray due to nickel is observed is shown in white.
- the image of the iron element map was binarized with image processing software, and the area ratio of the white portion (that is, the exposed area ratio of iron) to the entire image was measured. The results are shown in FIG.
- Example 1 The surface-treated steel sheet 1 was prepared in the same manner as in Reference Example A except that the heat treatment temperature when performing the thermal diffusion treatment on the steel sheet 11 on which the nickel plating layer 13 was formed was 600 ° C., and the measurement and observation were similarly performed. went. The results are shown in FIGS. 5 (B), 6, 7 (B), 9, 14 and Tables 1 and 2.
- Example 1 A nickel-plated steel sheet was produced under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that neither thermal diffusion treatment nor temper rolling was performed on the steel sheet 11 on which the nickel plating layer 13 was formed. Then, as described above, the produced nickel-plated steel sheet was measured by high-frequency glow discharge issuance spectroscopic analysis to obtain the measurement result shown in FIG. 5 (C), and the thickness portion measured as the iron-nickel diffusion layer ( In FIG. 5C, starting from the point when the Fe intensity becomes 10% of the saturation value, the Ni intensity shows the maximum value, and then the intensity of 10% with respect to the maximum value. The value obtained by converting the measurement time up to the point in time into a thickness) was measured as a reference thickness.
- Comparative Example 1 the surface hardness and average crystal grain size of the nickel plating layer 13 were measured instead of the nickel layer 14. In Comparative Example 1, the surface etching was not performed when the average crystal grain size of the nickel plating layer 13 was measured. The results are shown in FIGS. 5 (C), 6, 7 (C), 10, 14 and Tables 1 and 2.
- Comparative Example 2 The surface-treated steel sheet 1 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the heat treatment temperature when the heat diffusion treatment was performed on the steel sheet 11 on which the nickel plating layer 13 was formed was 700 ° C. and temper rolling was not performed. In the same manner, measurement and observation were performed. In Comparative Example 2, the surface was not etched when the average crystal grain size of the nickel layer 14 was measured. The results are shown in FIGS. 5 (D), 6, 7 (D), 11, 14 and Tables 1 and 2.
- Example 1 As the original plate, the same steel plate 11 as in Example 1 was prepared. And about the prepared steel plate 11, after performing electrolytic electrolytic degreasing and pickling of sulfuric acid immersion, it electroplated on the following conditions and forms the nickel plating layer 13 on the steel plate 11 so that thickness may be set to 20 micrometers. did. In addition, the thickness of the nickel plating layer 13 calculated
- Bath composition nickel sulfate 250 g / L, nickel chloride 45 g / L, boric acid 45 g / L pH: 3.5 to 4.5 Bath temperature: 60 ° C
- FIG. 13A is an enlarged image of FIG.
- the surface hardness of the nickel plating layer 13 was measured by the same method as the measurement of the surface hardness of the nickel layer 14 described above. The results are shown in FIG.
- Reference Example 2 As in Reference Example 1, a steel plate 11 was prepared, and a nickel plating layer 13 was formed on the steel plate 11. Next, the steel plate 11 on which the nickel plating layer 13 has been formed is subjected to thermal diffusion treatment by continuous annealing under the conditions of a heat treatment temperature of 300 ° C., a heat treatment time of 41 seconds, and a reducing atmosphere, whereby the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 and nickel Layer 14 was formed, and surface-treated steel sheet 1 was obtained.
- Reference Examples 3 to 8 The heat treatment temperature when the thermal diffusion treatment is performed on the steel plate 11 on which the nickel plating layer 13 is formed is 400 ° C. (Reference Example 3), 500 ° C. (Reference Example 4), 600 ° C. (Reference Example 5), 700 ° C. ( Except for Reference Example 6), 800 ° C. (Reference Example 7), and 900 ° C. (Reference Example 8), the surface-treated steel sheet 1 was prepared in the same manner as in Reference Example 2, and the measurement was performed in the same manner as in Reference Example 1. . The results are shown in FIGS. 12 (B) to 12 (E), 13 (B) to 13 (E) and 15.
- the thickness of the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 is 0.04 to 0.31 ⁇ m, and the total amount of nickel contained in the iron-nickel diffusion layer and the nickel layer is 4.4 g / m 2.
- the steel plate 11 diffused to the surface of the surface-treated steel plate 1 as shown in the iron element maps in FIGS. No iron k ⁇ rays were observed. Specifically, as shown in FIG.
- the area ratio of the white portion with respect to the entire iron element map is as small as 11% or less, and the steel plate No iron k ⁇ rays derived from the diffusion of 11 to the surface of the surface-treated steel sheet 1 were observed.
- the iron element maps in FIGS. 8 and 9 white portions where iron k ⁇ rays are observed are present sparsely, but this is very slightly caused by fine wrinkles on the surface of the surface-treated steel sheet 1. It can be considered that it is caused by the exposed steel plate 11 and not caused by the diffusion of the steel plate 11 to the surface of the surface-treated steel plate 1 by the thermal diffusion treatment.
- the surface hardness of the nickel layer 14 is lowered by increasing the heat treatment temperature of the thermal diffusion treatment to above 300 ° C. (nickel It can be confirmed that the plating layer 13 is softened). From this, it is considered that recrystallization of the particles constituting the nickel layer 14 is proceeding.
- the surface hardness is appropriately measured without being influenced by the steel plate 11 as a base. The hardness could be measured. Therefore, in Reference Example A and Example 1 where the heat treatment temperature of the thermal diffusion treatment is 400 ° C. or 630 ° C., recrystallization of the particles constituting the nickel layer 14 proceeds, and the surface hardness of the nickel layer 14 becomes appropriate. It is thought that.
- the thickness of the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 was 0.5 ⁇ m or more, and the nickel layer 14 The thickness is less than 0.85 ⁇ m, and as shown in the iron element map in FIG. 11, iron k ⁇ rays derived from the diffusion of iron in the steel plate 11 to the vicinity of the surface of the surface-treated steel plate 1 are observed. It was. That is, compared with FIGS. 8 and 9 described above, in the iron element map in FIG. 11, there are many white spots derived from the k ⁇ line of iron and are more solid (in fact, FIG. 14 and Table 2). , In the iron element maps of FIGS.
- the area ratio of the white portion (iron exposure area ratio) with respect to the entire image is 11% or less, while FIG. In the elemental map of iron in Comparative Example 2), it is as high as 15% or more at 25 mm and 40 mm from the bottom of the battery container.
- Comparative Example 1 in which the thermal diffusion treatment was not performed, the reference example A in which the thermal diffusion treatment was performed at 430 ° C. and 600 ° C., only the numerical value of the exposed area ratio of iron shown in FIG. It tends to be lower than Example 1.
- Comparative Example 1 when the element map shown in FIG. 10 is referred to, iron exposure is generated at a specific position as compared with the element maps of Reference Example A and Example 1 shown in FIGS. This tendency is particularly noticeable in the element map at a location 10 mm from the bottom of the battery container. This is considered to be due to the fact that the surface nickel plating layer 13 is too hard in Comparative Example 1 in which the thermal diffusion treatment was not performed.
- the surface-treated steel sheet 1 when the surface-treated steel sheet 1 is formed into a battery container, the bottom surface portion of the battery container comes into contact with the circumferential part of the punch used for the press, and bending is performed.
- the nickel plating layer 13 on the surface since the nickel plating layer 13 on the surface is too hard, a deep crack tends to occur on the surface during the bending process. Therefore, when the surface-treated steel sheet 1 of Comparative Example 1 is used as a battery container, when a deep crack occurs on the surface, the iron is locally exposed and the iron is eluted into the electrolyte solution. Gas may be generated inside the battery as iron is eluted. When such a gas is generated, the internal pressure inside the battery may increase.
- Example 2 As an original plate, a steel plate 11 obtained by annealing a cold rolled plate (thickness 0.25 mm) of low carbon aluminum killed steel having the chemical composition shown below was prepared. C: 0.045 wt%, Mn: 0.23% wt, Si: 0.02 wt%, P: 0.012 wt%, S: 0.009 wt%, Al: 0.063 wt%, N: 0.0036% by weight, balance: Fe and inevitable impurities
- the steel plate 11 on which the nickel plating layer 13 is formed is subjected to a thermal diffusion treatment by continuous annealing under the conditions of a heat treatment temperature of 480 ° C., a heat treatment time of 30 seconds, and a reducing atmosphere, whereby the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 and the nickel Layer 14 was formed, and surface-treated steel sheet 1 was obtained.
- temper rolling was performed on the obtained surface-treated steel sheet 1 under the condition of an elongation rate of 1%.
- the thickness of the surface-treated steel sheet 1 after temper rolling was 0.250 mm.
- the thicknesses of the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 and the nickel layer 14 were measured according to the method described above. Further, based on the measurement results, the ratio of the thickness of the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 to the thickness of the nickel layer 14 (the thickness of the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 / the thickness of the nickel layer 14) was determined. The results are shown in Table 3.
- Example 3 The surface-treated steel sheet 1 is the same as in Example 3 except that the thickness of the nickel plating layer 13 and the conditions (heat treatment conditions) for continuous annealing on the steel sheet 11 on which the nickel plating layer 13 is formed are changed as shown in Table 3. And measured in the same manner. The results are shown in Table 3.
- Comparative Example 3 A nickel-plated steel sheet was produced under the same conditions as in Example 3 except that neither continuous annealing nor temper rolling was performed after the nickel plating layer 13 was formed. The results are shown in Table 3.
- Comparative Examples 4 to 6 The surface-treated steel sheet 1 is the same as in Example 3 except that the thickness of the nickel plating layer 13 and the conditions (heat treatment conditions) for continuous annealing on the steel sheet 11 on which the nickel plating layer 13 is formed are changed as shown in Table 3. And measured in the same manner. The results are shown in Table 3.
- a blank was produced by punching the surface-treated steel sheet 1 into a predetermined shape with a press machine, and a battery container was produced by performing drawing under the following conditions so that the nickel layer 14 was on the inner surface side (Nickel When the plated steel plate was used, the battery container was prepared so that the nickel plating layer 13 was on the inner surface side. That is, a cylindrical body was obtained by performing a drawing and ironing process on a blank using a drawing and ironing machine in which six stages of drawing dies (or ironing dies) are arranged and a punch. A battery container was obtained by cutting an ear near the opening of the tubular body.
- the thickness of the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 is 0.04 to 0.31 ⁇ m, and the total amount of nickel contained in the iron-nickel diffusion layer and the nickel layer is 4.4 g / m 2.
- all of Examples 3 and 4 which are less than 10.8 g / m 2 were the results of excellent corrosion resistance. That is, when Examples 3 and 4 are based on Comparative Examples 5 and 6 having the same corrosion resistance as that of the conventional surface-treated steel sheet, it is confirmed that the Comparative Examples 5 and 6 have an equivalent or higher corrosion resistance. It was done.
- the surface-treated steel sheet of Comparative Example 6 has too much total amount of nickel contained in the iron-nickel diffusion layer and the nickel layer (the thickness of the nickel plating layer 13 is too thick), so when used as a battery container, It is thought that the can wall becomes thick and the volume ratio decreases.
- a battery container was produced by carrying out drawing ironing with a higher load than the corrosion resistance evaluation (part 1), and the corrosion resistance of the battery container was evaluated under more severe conditions.
- the elution amount of Fe ions eluted from the inner surface of the battery container into the solution was evaluated according to the following criteria. In the following criteria, if the evaluation was A or B, it was determined that elution of iron from the inner surface of the battery container was sufficiently suppressed.
- C Fe ion elution amount exceeds 38 mg / L
- the thickness of the iron-nickel diffusion layer 12 is 0.04 to 0.31 ⁇ m, and the total amount of nickel contained in the iron-nickel diffusion layer and the nickel layer is 4.4 g / m 2.
- Examples 3 and 4 which are less than 10.8 g / m 2 , are excellent in corrosion resistance even when a battery container is produced by carrying out drawing ironing with a higher load than the above-described corrosion resistance evaluation (part 1). It was the result.
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Abstract
Description
一方で、電池の高容量化および軽量化の要求に伴って、電池容器には容積率向上のための缶壁の薄い電池容器が求められている。たとえば、特許文献3,4のように、加工前の表面処理鋼板の厚みに対し加工後の電池容器の缶壁の厚みが薄くなるような加工を施すことが知られている。
本発明の電池容器用表面処理鋼板において、前記ニッケル層の厚みが0.4~1.2μmであることが好ましい。
本発明の電池容器用表面処理鋼板において、前記ニッケル層における10gfの荷重で測定されるビッカース硬度(HV)が200~280であることが好ましい。
また、本発明によれば、上述した電池容器を備える電池が提供される。
前記ニッケルめっき層を形成した鋼板に対して、450~600℃の温度で30秒~2分の間保持することにより熱処理を施すことで、厚さ0.04~0.31μmの鉄-ニッケル拡散層を形成する熱処理工程と、を有する電池容器用表面処理鋼板の製造方法が提供される。
また、本実施形態においては、ニッケル層14は、表面部分の平均結晶粒径が0.2~0.6μmであることが好ましい。これにより、本実施形態の表面処理鋼板1は、電池容器として用いた際の耐食性により優れたものとなる。
本実施形態の鋼板11としては、成形加工性に優れているものであればよく特に限定されないが、たとえば、低炭素アルミキルド鋼(炭素量0.01~0.15重量%)、炭素量が0.003重量%以下の極低炭素鋼、または極低炭素鋼にTiやNbなどを添加してなる非時効性極低炭素鋼を用いることができる。鋼板の厚みは特に限定されないが、好ましくは0.2~0.5mmである。厚すぎる場合、拡散に必要な熱量が不足し拡散層が十分に形成されない恐れがある。薄すぎる場合、後の電池缶として必要な厚みが確保できない場合や熱の伝わりが早く拡散層の厚みの制御が困難となる恐れがある。
本実施形態の表面処理鋼板1では、鉄-ニッケル拡散層12は、鋼板11上にニッケルめっき層13を形成した後、熱拡散処理を行うことにより、鋼板11を構成する鉄と、ニッケルめっき層13を構成するニッケルとを熱拡散させることにより形成される鉄とニッケルが相互に拡散している層である。ニッケル層14は、前記熱拡散処理を行った際、ニッケルめっき層13のうち鉄が拡散しなかった表層に近い部分が、熱により再結晶し軟質化した層である。
図5(A)に示す例では、Fe強度の飽和値は、測定時間20秒付近の70程度の値となり、Fe強度がその飽和値の10%である7程度になった深さを、ニッケル層14と鉄-ニッケル拡散層12との境界として検知することができる。
なお、測定時間に基づき表面処理鋼板1の鉄-ニッケル拡散層12の厚みを求めるには、既知のめっき厚を有する熱拡散処理をしていないニッケルめっき鋼板の高周波グロー放電発行分光分析を行い、測定した図(たとえば、後述する比較例1の測定結果を示す図5(C))に見える、鉄-ニッケル拡散層として算出される深さ厚み分は、実際の測定対象である表面処理鋼板1の鉄-ニッケル拡散層12の算出時に差し引く必要がある。すなわち、図5(A)のグラフから算出される鉄-ニッケル拡散層12部分の厚み(図5(A)において、Fe強度がその飽和値に対して10%の強度となった時点を起点として、Ni強度が、その極大値を示した後に、極大値に対して10%の強度となった時点までの測定時間を厚みに換算した値)から、同様にして図5(B)のグラフから算出される厚みを差し引くことで、図5(A)のグラフにおける実際の鉄-ニッケル拡散層12の厚みを求めることができる。
本発明においては上記のように既知のめっき厚を有する熱処理をしていないニッケルめっき鋼板について高周波グロー放電発行分光分析を行い鉄-ニッケル拡散層として算出される厚み分を「基準の厚み」とし、D1とD2との差分(D2-D1)は前述のように基準の厚みを差し引いたものを指す。
なお、高周波グロー放電発光分光分析装置における測定上、ニッケルめっき層の厚みの増加に伴い、ニッケルめっき層の測定から算出される基準の厚みが厚くなるため、鉄-ニッケル拡散層を求める際には各々のめっき付着量において基準の厚みを確認するか、めっき付着量の異なる2種類以上の熱処理を行う前のサンプルにて基準の厚みの測定を行い、めっき付着量と基準の厚みとの関係式を求めて算出することが望ましい。
特に本発明者等は、電池の高容量化のために、ニッケルめっき層を薄くした場合または、電池缶形成後の缶壁の厚みを形成前の表面処理鋼板の厚みより薄くするような加工を行った場合、より耐食性が低下しやすいおそれがあることを見出し、このような厳しい加工条件においても、本実施形態の表面処理鋼板1は格段の耐食性を発揮することを突き止めた。さらに、電池の高容量化のためにはニッケルめっき層の厚みを薄くし、かつ、缶壁の厚みを薄くすることが考えられるが、これらの手段はいずれも電池容器の耐食性を低下させる要因となる。本発明者らは、従来の表面処理鋼板では高容量化のためのこれらの手段と耐食性向上との両立という新たな課題を見出し、高容量化にも対応可能な新たな構成を見出したものである。
また、本実施形態において、得られる表面処理鋼板1について、ニッケル層14の表面部分の平均結晶粒径を上述した範囲に制御とする方法としても、同様の条件で熱拡散処理を行う方法が挙げられる。すなわち、鋼板11にニッケルめっき層13を形成した後、熱処理温度450~600℃、熱処理時間30秒~2分の条件で、熱拡散処理を行う方法が挙げられる。
次いで、本実施形態の表面処理鋼板1の製造方法について、説明する。
原板として、下記に示す化学組成を有する低炭素アルミキルド鋼の冷間圧延板(厚さ0.25mm)を焼鈍して得られた鋼板11を準備した。
C:0.045重量%、Mn:0.23重量%、Si:0.02重量%、P:0.012重量%、S:0.009重量%、Al:0.063重量%、N:0.0036重量%、残部:Feおよび不可避的不純物
浴組成:硫酸ニッケル250g/L、塩化ニッケル45g/L、ホウ酸45g/L
pH:3.5~4.5
浴温:60℃
電流密度:20A/dm2
通電時間:18秒
表面処理鋼板1について、高周波グロー放電発光分光分析装置を用いて、最表面から鋼板11へ深さ方向にFe強度およびNi強度の変化を連続的に測定し、Fe強度がその飽和値に対して10%の強度となった時点を起点として、Ni強度が、その極大値を示した後に、極大値に対して10%の強度となった時点までの測定時間を算出し、算出した測定時間に基づいて、鉄-ニッケル拡散層12の厚みを求めた。なお、鉄-ニッケル拡散層12の厚みを求める際には、まず、後述する熱拡散処理をしていないニッケルめっき鋼板(比較例1)の高周波グロー放電発行分光分析を行った結果(図5(C))について、鉄-ニッケル拡散層として測定される厚み分(図5(C)において、Fe強度がその飽和値に対して10%の強度となった時点を起点として、Ni強度が、その極大値を示した後に、極大値に対して10%の強度となった時点までの測定時間を厚みに換算した値)を、基準の厚みとして測定した。なお、基準の厚みは0.30μmであった。そして、この基準の厚み分を、実施例1の表面処理鋼板1の鉄-ニッケル拡散層12の厚みの測定結果から差し引くことで、実施例1における、実際の鉄-ニッケル拡散層12の厚みを求めた。また、ニッケル層14については、高周波グロー放電発光分光分析装置により表面処理鋼板1の表面の測定を開始した時点を起点として、Fe強度がその飽和値に対して10%の強度となった時点までの測定時間を算出し、算出した測定時間に基づいて、ニッケル層14の厚みを求めた。そして、測定した結果に基づいて、ニッケル層14の厚みに対する、鉄-ニッケル拡散層12の厚みの比(鉄-ニッケル拡散層12の厚み/ニッケル層14の厚み)を求めた。結果を図5(A)および表1に示す。なお、表1中においては、(鉄-ニッケル拡散層12の厚み/ニッケル層14の厚み)の比を、「厚み比率Fe-Ni/Ni」と記載した。
なお、高周波グロー放電発光分光分析装置における測定上、ニッケルめっき層の厚みの増加に伴い、ニッケルめっき層の測定から算出される基準の厚みが厚くなるため、鉄-ニッケル拡散層を求める際には各々のめっき量において基準の厚みを確認するか、めっき量の異なる2種類以上の熱処理を行う前のサンプルにて基準の厚みの測定を行い、めっき量と基準の厚みとの関係式を求めて算出することが望ましい。
表面処理鋼板1のニッケル層14について、微小硬度計(株式会社明石製作所製、型番:MVK-G2)により、ダイヤモンド圧子を用いて、荷重:10gf、保持時間:10秒の条件でビッカース硬度(HV)を測定することにより、表面硬度の測定を行った。結果を図6に示す。
まず、表面処理鋼板1の表面をエッチングした。具体的には、表面処理鋼板1の表面に、硫酸銅水和物を濃度200g/Lで溶解させた水溶液を0.1ml滴下し、その直後に塩酸を0.1ml滴下し、30秒間保持することでエッチングし、その後、水洗して乾燥させた。次いで、表面処理鋼板1について、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)により表面の反射電子像を得て、得られた反射電子像上に、図7(A)に示すように四本の直線を引き、上述した方法にしたがって、各直線上に位置する結晶粒の数から、ニッケル層14の平均結晶粒径を算出した。結果を図7(A)および表1に示す。
表面処理鋼板1を用いて、ニッケル層14を電池容器の内面側とし、缶壁の厚みが0.15mmとなるように、LR6(JIS規格)の電池容器を作製した。そして、得られた電池容器について、底から10mm、25mm、および40mmの部分を、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)およびエネルギー分散型X線分析により測定することで、反射電子像、鉄の元素マップ、およびニッケルの元素マップを得た。結果を図8(A)~8(C)に示す。なお、図8(A)~8(C)においては、「Image」と記載された画像が反射電子像であり、「Feka」と記載された画像が鉄の元素マップであり、「Nika」と記載された画像がニッケルの元素マップである。なお、鉄の元素マップでは、鉄によるkα線が観測された部分が白く写っている。ニッケルの元素マップでも、同様に、ニッケルによるkα線が観測された部分が白く写っている。鉄の元素マップの画像については、画像処理ソフトにて2値化して、得られた画像全体に対する白く写っている部分の面積割合(すなわち、鉄の露出面積割合)を測定した。結果を図14および表2に示す。
ニッケルめっき層13を形成した鋼板11に対して熱拡散処理を行う際の熱処理温度を600℃とした以外は、参考例Aと同様にして表面処理鋼板1を作製し、同様に測定および観察を行った。結果を図5(B),6,7(B),9,14および表1,2に示す。
ニッケルめっき層13を形成した鋼板11に対して、熱拡散処理および調質圧延をいずれも行わなかった以外は、実施例1と同様の条件にて、ニッケルめっき鋼板を作製した。そして、作製したニッケルめっき鋼板について、上述したように、高周波グロー放電発行分光分析により測定を行い、図5(C)に示す測定結果を得て、鉄-ニッケル拡散層として測定される厚み分(図5(C)において、Fe強度がその飽和値に対して10%の強度となった時点を起点として、Ni強度が、その極大値を示した後に、極大値に対して10%の強度となった時点までの測定時間を厚みに換算した値)を、基準の厚みとして測定した。また、なお、比較例1では、ニッケル層14に代えて、ニッケルめっき層13の表面硬度および平均結晶粒径を測定した。なお、比較例1では、ニッケルめっき層13の平均結晶粒径を測定する際には、表面のエッチングは行わなかった。結果を図5(C),6,7(C),10,14および表1,2に示す。
ニッケルめっき層13を形成した鋼板11に対して熱拡散処理を行う際の熱処理温度を700℃とし、調質圧延を行わなかった以外は、実施例1と同様にして表面処理鋼板1を作製し、同様に測定および観察を行った。なお、比較例2では、ニッケル層14の平均結晶粒径を測定する際には、表面のエッチングは行わなかった。結果を図5(D),6,7(D),11,14および表1,2に示す。
原板として、実施例1と同様の鋼板11を準備した。そして、準備した鋼板11について、アルカリ電解脱脂、硫酸浸漬の酸洗を行った後、下記条件にて電解めっきを行い、鋼板11上に、厚さが20μmとなるようにニッケルめっき層13を形成した。なお、ニッケルめっき層13の厚みは、蛍光X線測定により、その付着量を求めた。
浴組成:硫酸ニッケル250g/L、塩化ニッケル45g/L、ホウ酸45g/L
pH:3.5~4.5
浴温:60℃
参考例1と同様に、鋼板11を準備して、鋼板11上にニッケルめっき層13を形成した。次いで、ニッケルめっき層13を形成した鋼板11に対して、連続焼鈍により、熱処理温度300℃、熱処理時間41秒、還元雰囲気の条件で熱拡散処理を行なうことにより、鉄-ニッケル拡散層12およびニッケル層14を形成し、表面処理鋼板1を得た。
ニッケルめっき層13を形成した鋼板11に対して熱拡散処理を行う際の熱処理温度を、400℃(参考例3)、500℃(参考例4)、600℃(参考例5)、700℃(参考例6)、800℃(参考例7)、900℃(参考例8)とした以外は、参考例2と同様にして表面処理鋼板1を作製し、参考例1と同様に測定を行った。結果を図12(B)~12(E),13(B)~13(E),15に示す。
また、表1に示すように、および熱拡散処理の熱処理温度を700℃とした比較例2では、鉄-ニッケル拡散層12の厚みが0.5μm以上となってしまい、また、ニッケル層14の厚みが0.85μm未満となり、これにより、図11における鉄の元素マップで示されるように、鋼板11の鉄が表面処理鋼板1の表面付近まで拡散したことに由来する鉄のkα線が観測された。すなわち、上述した図8,9と比較して、図11における鉄の元素マップでは、鉄のkα線に由来する白い点が多く、さらに固まって存在している(実際に、図14および表2を参照すると、図8,9(参考例A、実施例1)の鉄の元素マップでは、画像全体に対する白い部分の面積割合(鉄の露出面積割合)が11%以下である一方、図11(比較例2)の鉄の元素マップでは、電池容器の底から25mmおよび40mmにおいて15%以上と高くなっている。)。
原板として、下記に示す化学組成を有する低炭素アルミキルド鋼の冷間圧延板(厚さ0.25mm)を焼鈍して得られた鋼板11を準備した。
C:0.045重量%、Mn:0.23重量%、Si:0.02重量%、P:0.012重量%、S:0.009重量%、Al:0.063重量%、N:0.0036重量%、残部:Feおよび不可避的不純物
浴組成:硫酸ニッケル250g/L、塩化ニッケル45g/L、ホウ酸45g/L
pH:3.5~4.5
浴温:60℃
電流密度:20A/dm2
通電時間:16秒
ニッケルめっき層13の厚み、およびニッケルめっき層13を形成した鋼板11に対する連続焼鈍の条件(熱処理条件)を、表3に示すように変更した以外は、実施例3と同様に、表面処理鋼板1を得て、同様に測定を行った。結果を表3に示す。
ニッケルめっき層13を形成した後に連続焼鈍および調質圧延をいずれも行わなかった以外は、実施例3と同様の条件にて、ニッケルめっき鋼板を作製した。結果を表3に示す。
ニッケルめっき層13の厚み、およびニッケルめっき層13を形成した鋼板11に対する連続焼鈍の条件(熱処理条件)を、表3に示すように変更した以外は、実施例3と同様に、表面処理鋼板1を得て、同様に測定を行った。結果を表3に示す。
表面処理鋼板1をプレス機で所定形状に打ち抜くことでブランクを作製し、ニッケル層14が内面側となるように、下記条件にて絞り加工を行うことで、電池容器を作製した(なお、ニッケルめっき鋼板を用いた場合には、ニッケルめっき層13が内面側となるように電池容器を作製した。)。すなわち、絞りダイス(または、しごきダイス)を6段配置してなる絞り兼しごき機と、パンチとを用いて、ブランクに対して絞りしごき加工を行うことで筒状体を得て、得られた筒状体の開口部付近の耳部を切断することにより、電池容器を得た。絞り加工は、加工後の缶底から10mmの位置における缶壁の厚みが±5%となるようにクリアランスを設定したダイスを用いた。
次いで、得られた電池容器について、10mol/Lの水酸化カリウムの溶液を充填して密封し、60℃、480時間の条件で保持した後、電池容器の内面から溶液中に溶出したFeイオンの溶出量を、高周波誘導結合プラズマ発光分光分析法(ICP)(島津製作所製 ICPE-9000)により測定し、以下の基準で評価した。以下の基準においては、評価がAまたはBであれば、電池容器の内面からの鉄の溶出が十分に抑制されていると判断した。結果を表4に示す。
A:Feイオンの溶出量が33mg/L未満
B:Feイオンの溶出量が33~35mg/L
C:Feイオンの溶出量が35mg/L超
さらに、熱拡散処理を行った場合であっても、過剰な熱拡散処理により、鉄-ニッケル拡散層12の厚みが厚くなりすぎた場合には、ニッケル層14の表面に鉄が露出してしまったと考えられ、比較例5のように、従来の表面処理鋼板と同等の耐食性を有する比較例6を基準とした場合に、この比較例6に対して、耐食性が同等以下であるという結果であった。
また、比較例6の表面処理鋼板は、鉄-ニッケル拡散層およびニッケル層に含まれるニッケルの合計量が多すぎる(ニッケルめっき層13の厚みが厚すぎる)ため、電池容器として用いた場合に、缶壁が厚くなってしまい、容積率が低下してしまうと考えられる。
耐食性評価(その1)よりも高負荷の絞りしごき加工を行うことで電池容器を作製し、より厳しい条件で電池容器の耐食性の評価を行った。
絞り兼しごき機における6段の絞りダイス(または、しごきダイス)として、以下のように、耐食性評価(その1)よりも高負荷の絞りしごき加工を行うことで電池容器を作製した以外は、耐食性評価(その1)と同様に電池容器の作製およびFeイオンの溶出量の測定を行い、以下の基準で評価を行った。結果を表5に示す。
絞りしごき加工は、加工後の缶底から10mmの位置における缶壁の厚みが0.15mmになるようにクリアランスを設定したダイスを用いた。
また、電池容器の内面から溶液中に溶出したFeイオンの溶出量については、以下の基準で評価した。以下の基準においては、評価がAまたはBであれば、電池容器の内面からの鉄の溶出が十分に抑制されていると判断した。
A:Feイオンの溶出量が35mg/L未満
B:Feイオンの溶出量が35~38mg/L
C:Feイオンの溶出量が38mg/L超
11…鋼板
12…鉄-ニッケル拡散層
13…ニッケルめっき層
14…ニッケル層
2…アルカリ電池
21…正極缶
211…正極端子
22…負極端子
23…正極合剤
24…負極合剤
25…セパレータ
26…集電体
27…ガスケット
28…絶縁リング
29…外装
Claims (7)
- 鋼板と、
前記鋼板上に形成された鉄-ニッケル拡散層と、
前記鉄-ニッケル拡散層上に形成され、最表層を構成するニッケル層と、を備える電池容器用表面処理鋼板であって、
高周波グロー放電発光分光分析装置によって前記電池容器用表面処理鋼板の表面から深さ方向に向かってFe強度およびNi強度を連続的に測定した際において、Fe強度が第1所定値を示す深さ(D1)と、Ni強度が第2所定値を示す深さ(D2)との差分(D2-D1)である前記鉄-ニッケル拡散層の厚みが、0.04~0.31μmであり、
前記鉄-ニッケル拡散層および前記ニッケル層に含まれるニッケルの合計量が、4.4g/m2以上、10.8g/m2未満である電池容器用表面処理鋼板。
(前記第1所定値を示す深さ(D1)は、前記測定により測定されたFe強度の飽和値に対して、10%の強度を示す深さであり、
前記第2所定値を示す深さ(D2)は、前記測定によりNi強度が極大値を示した後、さらに深さ方向に向かって測定を行った際に、該極大値に対して10%の強度を示す深さである。) - 前記ニッケル層の表面部分の平均結晶粒径が0.2~0.6μmである請求項1に記載の電池容器用表面処理鋼板。
- 前記ニッケル層の厚みが0.4~1.2μmである請求項1または2に記載の電池容器用表面処理鋼板。
- 前記ニッケル層における10gfの荷重で測定されるビッカース硬度(HV)が200~280である請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の電池容器用表面処理鋼板。
- 請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の電池容器用表面処理鋼板からなる電池容器。
- 請求項5に記載の電池容器を備える電池。
- 鋼板上に、ニッケル量で4.4g/m2以上、10.8g/m2未満のニッケルめっき層を形成するニッケルめっき工程と、
前記ニッケルめっき層を形成した鋼板に対して、450~600℃の温度で30秒~2分の間保持することにより熱処理を施すことで、厚さ0.04~0.31μmの鉄-ニッケル拡散層を形成する熱処理工程と、を有する電池容器用表面処理鋼板の製造方法。
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