CN108368628A - 电池容器用表面处理钢板 - Google Patents
电池容器用表面处理钢板 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108368628A CN108368628A CN201680070719.XA CN201680070719A CN108368628A CN 108368628 A CN108368628 A CN 108368628A CN 201680070719 A CN201680070719 A CN 201680070719A CN 108368628 A CN108368628 A CN 108368628A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- nickel
- steel plate
- iron
- thickness
- battery case
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 235
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 235
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 507
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 255
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 242
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 189
- UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron nickel Chemical compound [Fe].[Ni] UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 124
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 77
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 77
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 126
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 43
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 43
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 42
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 33
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 17
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 10
- 208000037656 Respiratory Sounds Diseases 0.000 description 9
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ACIAHEMYLLBZOI-ZZXKWVIFSA-N Unsaturated alcohol Chemical compound CC\C(CO)=C/C ACIAHEMYLLBZOI-ZZXKWVIFSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910001030 Iron–nickel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910018095 Ni-MH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910018477 Ni—MH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001976 improved effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000655 Killed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910015900 BF3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PQMOXTJVIYEOQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cumarin Natural products CC(C)=CCC1=C(O)C(C(=O)C(C)CC)=C(O)C2=C1OC(=O)C=C2CCC PQMOXTJVIYEOQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FSOGIJPGPZWNGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Meomammein Natural products CCC(C)C(=O)C1=C(O)C(CC=C(C)C)=C(O)C2=C1OC(=O)C=C2CCC FSOGIJPGPZWNGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron trifluoride Chemical compound FB(F)F WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZYGHJZDHTFUPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N coumarin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC(=O)C=CC2=C1 ZYGHJZDHTFUPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004033 diameter control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004993 emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-hydroxy-2-propan-2-ylsulfonylethanimidamide Chemical compound CC(C)S(=O)(=O)CC(N)=NO LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyoxyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013139 quantization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010183 spectrum analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
- B32B15/015—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium the said other metal being copper or nickel or an alloy thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
- H01M50/124—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/043—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/18—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising iron or steel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- C23C10/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
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- C23C10/20—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions only one element being diffused
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
- C23C10/28—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
- C23C10/28—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
- C23C10/30—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes using a layer of powder or paste on the surface
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
- C23C10/60—After-treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
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- C23C28/021—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material including at least one metal alloy layer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
- C23C28/023—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material only coatings of metal elements only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
- C23C30/005—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process on hard metal substrates
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Abstract
本发明提供一种电池容器用表面处理钢板(1),其包括:钢板(11);铁‑镍扩散层(12),其形成在所述钢板(11)上;以及镍层(14),其形成在所述铁‑镍扩散层(12)上,该镍层(14)构成最表层,其中,在利用高频辉光放电发射光谱分析装置自所述电池容器用表面处理钢板(1)的表面朝向深度方向连续地测量Fe强度和Ni强度时,Fe强度显示出第1预定值时的深度(D1)与Ni强度显示出第2预定值时的深度(D2)的差值(D2-D1)即所述铁‑镍扩散层(12)的厚度为0.04μm~0.31μm,所述铁‑镍扩散层(12)和所述镍层(14)所含有的镍的总量为10.8g/m2~26.7g/m2。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电池容器用表面处理钢板。
背景技术
近年来,在音频设备、移动电话等多个领域中使用便携式设备,作为其工作电源而大多使用作为一次电池的碱性电池、作为二次电池的镍氢电池、锂离子电池等。随着搭载的设备的高性能化,这种电池也被要求长寿命化和高性能化等,用于填充由正极活性物质、负极活性物质等形成的发电元件的电池容器作为电池的重要构成要素也被要求提高性能。
作为用于形成这样的电池容器的表面处理钢板,例如,在专利文献1、2中公开一种通过在钢板上形成镍镀层,之后实施热处理,从而形成铁-镍扩散层而成的表面处理钢板。
另一方面,伴随着电池的高容量化和轻量化的要求,对于电池容器,要求为了提高容积率的、罐壁较薄的电池容器。例如,如专利文献3、4那样,公知有实施使加工后的电池容器的罐壁的厚度相对于加工前的表面处理钢板的厚度变薄的那样的加工。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2014-009401号公报
专利文献2:日本特开平6-2104号公报
专利文献3:国际公开第2009/107318号
专利文献4:国际公开第2014/156002号
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
然而,在上述专利文献1、2中,由于形成铁-镍扩散层时的热处理的条件为高温或长时间,因此,在得到的表面处理钢板中,镍镀层的镍和作为基材的钢板的铁的相互扩散容易发展。本发明人等得到了以下见解:在以往的热处理条件下实施了热处理的情况下,加工为电池容器后用作电池时,存在铁自电池容器内表面溶出的溶出量较多的情况,从而存在耐腐蚀性容易进一步降低的担忧。一般认为,在形成电池容器时暴露的铁会使电池特性提高,故此优选,但根据本发明人等的研究发现,在热处理前形成的镍镀层较薄的情况下,铁的暴露会局部增加。在溶出量较多的情况下,存在耐腐蚀性容易进一步降低的担忧。
另外,在上述专利文献3、4中,存在通过使电池容器的罐壁的厚度较薄而使电池容器内表面上的铁的溶出量变多的情况,从而存在电池容器内表面的耐腐蚀性降低这样的问题。
本发明的目的在于,提供一种即使在制成电池容器时使罐壁的厚度较薄而提高了容积率的情况下、耐腐蚀性也优异的电池容器用表面处理钢板。
用于解决问题的方案
采用本发明,提供一种电池容器用表面处理钢板,其包括:钢板;铁-镍扩散层,其形成在所述钢板上;以及镍层,其形成在所述铁-镍扩散层上,该镍层构成最表层,其中,在利用高频辉光放电发射光谱分析装置自所述电池容器用表面处理钢板的表面朝向深度方向连续地测量Fe强度和Ni强度时,Fe强度显示出第1预定值时的深度(D1)与Ni强度显示出第2预定值时的深度(D2)的差值(D2-D1)即所述铁-镍扩散层的厚度为0.04μm~0.31μm,所述铁-镍扩散层和所述镍层所含有的镍的总量为10.8g/m2~26.7g/m2。
此外,显示出所述第1预定值时的深度(D1)是显示出通过所述测量测得的Fe强度的饱和值的10%的强度时的深度,显示出所述第2预定值时的深度(D2)是通过所述测量Ni强度显示出极大值之后、进一步朝向深度方向进行测量时显示出该极大值的10%的强度时的深度。
在本发明的电池容器用表面处理钢板中,优选的是,所述铁-镍扩散层的厚度相对于所述镍层的厚度的比(铁-镍扩散层的厚度/镍层的厚度)为0.013~0.5。
在本发明的电池容器用表面处理钢板中,优选的是,所述镍层的厚度为1.0μm以上。
在本发明的电池容器用表面处理钢板中,优选的是,所述镍层的以10gf的载荷测量出的维氏硬度(HV)为220~280。
采用本发明,提供一种电池容器,其中,该电池容器由上述电池容器用表面处理钢板制成。
另外,采用本发明,提供一种电池,其中,该电池包括上述电池容器。
并且,采用本发明,提供一种电池容器用表面处理钢板的制造方法,其中,该电池容器用表面处理钢板的制造方法具有以下工序:镀镍工序,在该镀镍工序中,形成镍含量为10.8g/m2~26.7g/m2的镍镀层;以及热处理工序,在该热处理工序中,对于形成有所述镍镀层的钢板,通过以450℃~600℃的温度保持30秒~2分钟来实施热处理。
发明的效果
采用本发明,能够提供一种即使在制成电池容器时使罐壁的厚度较薄而提高了容积率的情况下耐腐蚀性也优异的电池容器用表面处理钢板。另外,采用本发明,能够提供使用这样的电池容器用表面处理钢板得到的电池容器和电池。
附图说明
图1是表示应用了本发明的电池容器用表面处理钢板的电池的一个实施方式的立体图。
图2是图1的沿着II-II线的剖视图。
图3是本发明的电池容器用表面处理钢板的一个实施方式且为图2的III部的放大剖视图。
图4是用于说明制造图3所示的电池容器用表面处理钢板的方法的图。
图5是用于说明测量铁-镍扩散层的厚度的方法的图。
图6是用于说明测量镍层的表面部分的平均结晶粒径的方法的图。
具体实施方式
以下,根据附图说明本发明的一个实施方式。本发明的电池容器用表面处理钢板被加工为与期望的电池的形状相对应的外形形状。作为电池,没有特殊限定,能够例示作为一次电池的碱性电池、作为二次电池的镍氢电池、锂离子电池等,作为这些电池的电池容器的构件,能够使用本发明的电池容器用表面处理钢板。以下,利用将本发明的电池容器用表面处理钢板应用于构成碱性电池的电池容器的正极罐的实施方式来说明本发明。
图1是表示应用了本发明的电池容器用表面处理钢板的碱性电池2的一个实施方式的立体图,图2是图1的沿着II-II线的剖视图。在本例子的碱性电池2中,在有底圆筒状的正极罐21的内部隔着分隔件25填充有正极合剂23和负极合剂24,在正极罐21的开口部内表面侧铆接安装有由负极端子22、集电体26以及垫片27构成的封口构件。另外,在正极罐21的底部中央形成有凸状的正极端子211。而且,为了赋予绝缘性以及提高外观性等,在正极罐21上隔着绝缘环28安装有外壳29。
图1所示的碱性电池2的正极罐21能够通过利用深拉加工法、拉深减薄加工法(DI加工法)、拉深伸长加工法(DTR加工法)、或在拉深加工后并用伸长加工和减薄加工的加工法等对本发明的电池容器用表面处理钢板进行成型加工而得到。以下,参照图3说明本发明的电池容器用表面处理钢板(表面处理钢板1)的结构。
图3是放大表示图2所示的正极罐21的III部的剖视图,在图3中,上侧相当于图1的碱性电池2的内表面(碱性电池2的与正极合剂23接触的面)。如图3所示,本实施方式的表面处理钢板1是通过在作为构成表面处理钢板1的基材的钢板11上形成铁-镍扩散层12和镍层14而构成的。
对于本实施方式的表面处理钢板1,利用高频辉光放电发射光谱分析装置测得的铁-镍扩散层12的厚度为0.04μm~0.31μm,且铁-镍扩散层12和镍层14所含有的镍的总量为10.8g/m2~26.7g/m2。由此,本实施方式的表面处理钢板1即使在制成电池容器时使罐壁的厚度较薄而提高了容积率的情况下、耐腐蚀性也优异。
(钢板11)
作为本实施方式的钢板11,只要为成型加工性优异的钢板即可,而没有特殊限定,例如,能够使用低碳铝镇静钢(碳含量0.01重量%~0.15重量%)、碳含量在0.003重量%以下的超低碳钢、或在超低碳钢中添加Ti、Nb等而成的非时效性超低碳钢。钢板的厚度没有特殊限定,但优选为0.2mm~0.5mm。在钢板过厚的情况下,存在扩散所需要的热量不足而不能充分地形成扩散层的担忧。在钢板过薄的情况下,存在无法确保作为之后的电池罐所需要的厚度的情形、热传递较快而难以控制扩散层的厚度的担忧。
在本实施方式中,在对这些钢的热轧板进行酸洗而去除表面的氧化皮(氧化膜)之后进行冷轧,接着,在电解清洗之后,进行退火、调质轧制,或者是在所述冷轧、电解清洗之后,在未进行退火的情况下实施调质轧制,将经过了上述这些处理后得到的钢板作为钢板11使用。
(铁-镍扩散层12、镍层14)
在本实施方式的表面处理钢板1中,铁-镍扩散层12是通过以下方式形成的、铁和镍相互扩散而成的层,即,在钢板11上形成镍镀层13之后,进行热扩散处理,由此,使构成钢板11的铁和构成镍镀层13的镍发生热扩散。镍层14是在进行所述热扩散处理时镍镀层13中的、靠近铁未扩散到的表层的部分因热而再结晶并软质化的层。
通过形成这样的由热扩散处理得到的铁-镍扩散层12,在将表面处理钢板1用作电池容器的情况下,能够防止钢板以较大的面积直接接触于构成电池的电解液等,并且,由于具有缓和镍层14的镍与钢板11的铁之间的电位差的铁-镍扩散层12,因此能够制成使耐腐蚀性和电池特性良好的钢板。另外,通过形成铁-镍扩散层12,能够提高钢板11与镍层14之间的密合性。
用于形成铁-镍扩散层12的镍镀层13例如能够通过使用镍镀浴形成在钢板11上。作为镍镀浴,能够使用在镀镍中通常使用的镀浴、即瓦特浴、氨基磺酸浴、硼氟化物浴、氯化物浴等。例如,能够通过作为瓦特浴而使用硫酸镍200g/L~350g/L、氯化镍20g/L~60g/L、硼酸10g/L~50g/L的浴组成物并以pH3.0~pH4.8(优选为pH3.6~pH4.6)、浴温50℃~70℃、电流密度10A/dm2~40A/dm2(优选为20A/dm2~30A/dm2)的条件来形成镍镀层13。
此外,作为镍镀层13,含硫的光泽镀敷由于存在导致电池特性降低的担忧而不优选,但不含有不可避免的杂质量以上的硫的无光泽镀敷当然能够应用于本发明,不含有不可避免的杂质量以上的硫的半光泽镀敷也能够应用于本发明。其原因在于,对于通过镀敷得到的层的硬度,虽然半光泽镀敷硬于无光泽镀敷,但通过用于形成本发明的扩散层的热处理,半光泽镀敷的硬度成为与无光泽镀敷的硬度相同的程度或比无光泽镀敷的硬度稍高程度。在形成半光泽镀敷来作为镍镀层的情况下,只要在上述镀浴中添加半光泽剂即可。作为半光泽剂,只要为不使镀敷后的镍镀层含有硫(例如在利用荧光X射线进行的测量中含有率为0.05%以下)的半光泽剂,就没有特殊限定,例如,能够使用不饱和醇的聚氧乙烯加成物等的脂肪族不饱和醇、不饱和羧酸、甲醛、香豆素等。
在本实施方式中,如图4所示,在钢板11上形成上述镍镀层13,之后,通过进行热扩散处理形成铁-镍扩散层12和镍层14,从而能够获得图3所示那样的表面处理钢板1。
在本实施方式中,进行热扩散处理之前的镍镀层13的镍含量相当于通过热扩散处理得到的铁-镍扩散层12和镍层14所含有的镍的总量。
只要通过热扩散处理得到的铁-镍扩散层12和镍层14所含有的镍的总量(进行热扩散处理前的镍镀层13的镍含量)为10.8g/m2~26.7g/m2即可,优选为13.3g/m2~26.7g/m2,更优选为17.8g/m2~25.8g/m2。若铁-镍扩散层12和镍层14所含有的镍的总量过少,则基于镍的耐腐蚀性的提高效果不充分,在将得到的表面处理钢板1制成电池容器时,耐腐蚀性降低。另一方面,若铁-镍扩散层12和镍层14所含有的镍的总量过多,则在将得到的表面处理钢板1制成电池容器时,罐壁的厚度变厚,电池容器内部的容积变小(容积率降低。)。另外,在电池容器形成时实施使电池罐壁的距底部5mm的地点的罐壁厚度相对于表面处理钢板1的板厚减少10%以上的厚度量那样的加工的情况下,若镍的总量较多,则在冲压时容易产生镍粉。当镍粉大量地附着于冲头时,会产生镍粉附着于所形成的电池容器内表面的问题。铁-镍扩散层12和镍层14所含有的镍的总量例如能够通过根据能够利用ICP分析法测量的、铁-镍扩散层12和镍层14所含有的镍的总量(总重量)进行计算的方法来求出。或者,铁-镍扩散层12和镍层14所含有的镍的总量还能够通过在形成镍镀层13之后且进行热扩散处理之前进行荧光X射线测量,从而测得构成镍镀层13的镍原子的附着量,并根据测得的附着量来进行计算的方法来求出。
热扩散处理的条件只要根据镍镀层13的厚度适当选择即可,热处理温度优选为450℃~600℃,更优选为480~590℃,进一步优选为500℃~550℃,热处理中的均热时间优选为30秒~2分钟,更优选为30秒~100秒,进一步优选为45秒~90秒。另外,在热处理中,均热时间加上升温时间、冷却时间得到的时间优选为2分钟~7分钟,更优选为3分钟~5分钟。作为热扩散处理的方法,从容易将热处理温度和热处理时间调整为上述范围这样的观点考虑,优选为连续退火法。
在本发明中,通过如上述那样进行热扩散处理,能够在钢板11与镍层14之间形成铁-镍扩散层12,其结果,能够使表面处理钢板1成为在钢板11上自下起依次具有铁-镍扩散层12、镍层14那样的结构(Ni/Fe-Ni/Fe)。
在本实施方式中,如此形成的铁-镍扩散层12的通过高频辉光放电发射光谱分析装置测得的厚度只要为0.04μm~0.31μm即可,优选为0.05μm~0.27μm,更优选为0.08μm~0.25μm,进一步优选为0.09μm~0.20μm。若铁-镍扩散层12的厚度过薄,则在得到的表面处理钢板1中,镍层14的密合性降低,而且,在将表面处理钢板1制成电池容器时,耐腐蚀性降低。另一方面,若铁-镍扩散层12的厚度过厚,则在得到的表面处理钢板1的镍层14中,铁的暴露量变多,由此,在用作电池的情况下,自电池容器内表面溶出的铁的溶出量变多,耐腐蚀性降低。
此外,铁-镍扩散层12的厚度能够通过使用高频辉光放电发射光谱分析装置对表面处理钢板1沿自最外表面起朝向钢板11去的深度方向连续地测量Fe强度和Ni强度的变化而求出。
具体而言,首先,使用高频辉光放电发射光谱分析装置来测量表面处理钢板1中的Fe强度,直至Fe强度达到饱和为止,并以Fe强度的饱和值为基准,将Fe强度为其饱和值的10%时的深度作为镍层14与铁-镍扩散层12之间的交界。例如,参照表示利用高频辉光放电发射光谱分析装置对实际制成的表面处理钢板1进行测量得到的结果的一个例子的图5的(A)来进行说明。此外,在图5的(A)中,纵轴表示Fe强度和Ni强度,横轴表示利用高频辉光放电发射光谱分析装置自表面处理钢板1的表面沿深度方向进行测量时的测量时间。
在本实施方式中,首先,根据Fe强度的测量结果求出Fe强度的饱和值。Fe强度的饱和值由Fe强度的时间变化率(Fe强度变化/秒)求出。对于Fe强度的时间变化率,在测量开始后,当检测出Fe时,时间变化率急剧地变大,在超过极大值时,时间变化率减少并在大致零附近稳定。在大致零附近稳定时的Fe强度是Fe强度的饱和值,具体而言,将Fe强度的时间变化率为0.02(Fe强度/秒)以下的值时的、深度方向上的测量时间视为Fe的强度达到饱和。
在图5的(A)所示的例子中,Fe强度的饱和值成为在测量时间为20秒附近的70左右的值,能够将Fe强度为其饱和值的10%即7左右时的深度作为镍层14与铁-镍扩散层12之间的交界检测出来。
另一方面,铁-镍扩散层12与钢板11之间的交界能够如下那样检测出来。即,在使用高频辉光放电发射光谱分析装置对表面处理钢板1的Ni强度进行测量时,自得到的Ni强度的变化的曲线图提取极大值,将Ni强度在显示出其极大值之后为该极大值的10%的值时的深度判断为铁-镍扩散层12与钢板11之间的交界。例如,参照图5的(A),Ni强度的极大值为在测量时间为9秒附近的70左右的值,因此,能够将Ni强度为其极大值的10%即7左右时的深度作为铁-镍扩散层12与钢板11之间的交界检测出来。
并且,在本实施方式中,能够根据如上述那样判断出来的各层的交界来求出铁-镍扩散层12的厚度。具体而言,在使用高频辉光放电发射光谱分析装置进行测量时,计算出以Fe强度为其饱和值的10%的强度的时刻为起点到Ni强度在显示出其极大值之后为极大值的10%的强度的时刻为止的测量时间,能够根据计算出的测量时间,求出铁-镍扩散层12的厚度。
在本发明中,对于如上述那样具有已知的镀敷厚度的、未进行热处理的镀镍钢板进行高频辉光放电发射光谱分析,将作为铁-镍扩散层算出的厚度量设为“基准厚度”,D1与D2之间的差值(D2-D1)指的是如前述那样减去基准厚度后得到的值。
此外,在高频辉光放电发射光谱分析装置的测量中,随着镍镀层的厚度的增加,通过镍镀层的测量而计算出的基准厚度变厚,因此,期望的是,在对铁-镍扩散层进行计算时,在各个镀敷附着量中确认基准厚度,或者利用镀敷附着量不同的两种以上的、进行热处理前的样品来测量基准厚度,求得镀敷附着量与基准厚度之间的关系式来进行计算。
此外,在根据测量时间来求出表面处理钢板1的铁-镍扩散层12的厚度时,对于具有已知的镀敷厚度的、未进行热扩散处理的镀镍钢板,预先如图5的(B)所示那样进行高频辉光放电发射光谱分析,利用图5的(B)计算出作为铁-镍扩散层算出的厚度量,在计算作为实际的测量对象的表面处理钢板1的铁-镍扩散层12时,需要减去算出的厚度量。即,通过从自图5的(A)的曲线图算出的铁-镍扩散层12部分的厚度(在图5的(A)中,将以Fe强度为其饱和值的10%的强度的时刻为起点到Ni强度在显示出其极大值之后为极大值的10%的强度的时刻为止的测量时间换算为厚度得到的值)中减去同样地自图5的(B)的曲线图算出的厚度,能够求出图5的(A)的曲线图中的实际的铁-镍扩散层12的厚度。
另外,通过测量未进行热扩散处理的镀镍钢板,能够求出深度时间(利用高频辉光放电发射光谱分析装置进行测量的测量时间)与实际厚度的关系,因此,能够利用该关系(表示深度时间与实际的厚度之间的关系的关系),将深度时间换算为成为实际的测量对象的表面处理钢板1的铁-镍扩散层12的厚度。
此外,在如此利用高频辉光放电发射光谱分析装置来测量铁-镍扩散层12的厚度时,存在因高频辉光放电发射光谱分析装置的性能、测量条件等导致具有铁-镍扩散层12的厚度的检测极限值的情况。例如,在利用高频辉光放电发射光谱分析装置以φ5mm的测量直径对使用利用触针式表面粗糙度测量仪测得的表面粗糙度Ra为0.05μm~3μm的钢板作为钢板11而制成的表面处理钢板1进行测量的情况下,利用高频辉光放电发射光谱分析装置进行检测的能够检测厚度的区域(形状上的检测极限值)为0.04μm左右,在利用高频辉光放电发射光谱分析装置测得的铁-镍扩散层12的厚度为检测极限值以下的情况下,能够将该铁-镍扩散层12的厚度视为大于0μm且小于0.04μm。即,在通过在钢板11上形成镍镀层13之后进行热扩散处理而形成铁-镍扩散层12和镍层14的情况下,在利用高频辉光放电发射光谱分析装置来测量铁-镍扩散层12的厚度时,即使为检测极限值以下,也能够将该铁-镍扩散层12的厚度视为大于0μm且小于0.04μm。此外,对于在钢板11上形成镍镀层13之后未实施热扩散处理而得到镀镍钢板的情况,能够视为在该镀镍钢板上未形成有铁-镍扩散层12(铁-镍扩散层12的厚度为0)。
对于铁-镍扩散层12的厚度,热处理温度越高或热处理时间越长,铁和镍的相互扩散就越容易发展,因此,铁-镍扩散层12的厚度变大。由于铁和镍相互扩散,因此,相对于扩散前的钢板11与镍镀层13之间的界面,所形成的铁-镍扩散层12既向钢板11侧扩展,也向镍镀层13侧扩散。当使热处理温度过高时或使热处理时间过长时,铁-镍扩散层12变厚,镍层14变薄。例如,铁-镍扩散层12的厚度大于0.31μm。本发明人等发现了,在将这样的表面处理钢板1成型为电池容器的情况下,存在被认为是铁的暴露的增加所导致的溶出量的增加。电池容器内表面上的铁的暴露不仅在表面处理钢板1中镍层14的厚度基本上消失而铁到达表层时产生,在表面处理钢板1的状态下铁未到达表层时也产生,认为该原因在于铁较多地暴露于电池容器内表面且出现局部暴露的部分。在该情况下,在将表面处理钢板1作为电池容器而长期地保管以及使用时,铁自局部地暴露铁的部分溶出到电解液中,存在随着铁的溶出而产生的气体导致电池内部的内压上升的担忧。
尤其是,本发明人等发现,在为了电池的高容量化而使镍镀层较薄的情况下,或者进行使电池罐形成后的罐壁的厚度薄于电池罐形成前的表面处理钢板的厚度的那样的加工的情况下,与使罐壁的厚度为与电池罐形成前的表面处理钢板的厚度同等程度的加工相比,针对表面处理钢板1的加工条件较严格,因此存在耐腐蚀性更容易降低的担忧,并查明了,即使在这样严格的加工条件下,本实施方式的表面处理钢板1也发挥显著的耐腐蚀性。并且,考虑为了电池的高容量化而使镍镀层的厚度较薄且使罐壁的厚度较薄,但这些方法均会导致电池容器的耐腐蚀性的降低。本发明人等发现了在以往的表面处理钢板中兼顾这些用于实现高容量化的方法和提高耐腐蚀性这样的新课题,并发现还能够应对高容量化的新结构。
此外,若使铁-镍扩散层12的厚度过薄,则铁-镍扩散层12的形成不充分,如上述那样,无法充分地得到在将表面处理钢板1用作电池容器的情况下的、基于铁-镍扩散层12的提高耐腐蚀性的效果、提高镍层14的密合性的效果。本发明人等查明了,尤其是在为了高容量化而实施使罐壁的厚度较薄的加工的情况下,即使上层的镍层14具有一些厚度,若铁-镍扩散层的厚度过薄,则也无法得到提高耐腐蚀性的效果,而若形成有能够利用高频辉光放电发射光谱分析装置(GDS)检测出的厚度为0.04μm以上的铁-镍扩散层12,则能够得到显著的效果。
在本实施方式中,如上述那样,对于表面处理钢板1,通过使铁-镍扩散层12的厚度为0.04μm~0.31μm而比较薄,且将铁-镍扩散层和镍层所含有的镍的总量控制在10.8g/m2~26.7g/m2的范围内,从而能够提供一种即使在制成电池容器时使罐壁的厚度较薄而提高容积率的情况下耐腐蚀性也优异的表面处理钢板1。此外,以往,在使电池容器的罐壁的厚度较薄的情况下,存在电池容器内表面上的铁的溶出量变多的情况,由此,存在电池容器内表面的耐腐蚀性降低的情况。另一方面,作为使制成电池容器时的耐腐蚀性提高的方法,有使形成于电池容器内表面的铁-镍扩散层、镍层的厚度较厚的方法,但在该情况下,存在在制成电池容器时罐壁的厚度变厚,而容积率降低这样的问题。因此,在电池容器用表面处理钢板的技术中,难以兼顾制成电池容器时的容积率和耐腐蚀性。与此相对,采用本实施方式,通过将铁-镍扩散层12的厚度和上述铁-镍扩散层12和镍层14所含有的镍的总量分别控制在上述范围内,能够提供一种具有使制成电池容器时的容积率和耐腐蚀性高度平衡的表面处理钢板1。
另外,以往,在具有镍镀层和铁-镍扩散层的表面处理钢板中,公知有一种从提高成型为电池容器时的加工性的观点、提高电池容器的耐腐蚀性的观点、确保铁-镍扩散层的密合性的观点等考虑而使铁-镍扩散层的厚度为0.5μm以上的方法(例如日本特开2009-263727号公报的段落0018。)。在此,为了使铁-镍扩散层的厚度如此为0.5μm以上,需要将在钢板上形成镍镀层之后的热扩散处理的条件设为长时间或高温。例如,在将热扩散处理的条件设为长时间的情况下,公知有一种使热处理温度为400℃~600℃、使热处理时间为1小时~8小时的条件。另外,在将热扩散处理的条件设为高温的情况下,公知有一种使热处理温度为700℃~800℃、使热处理时间为30秒~2分钟的条件。在这样的状况下,本发明人等得到了以下见解,即,当以上述长时间或高温的条件进行热扩散处理时,构成表面处理钢板的钢板的铁过度地热扩散,而导致在将得到的表面处理钢板成型为电池容器时铁的溶出量增加,由此,如上述那样,发现了存在的以下担忧:在电池内部产生气体,因气体的产生而使电池内部的内压上升。另外,在以热处理温度为700℃~800℃、热处理时间为30秒~2分钟的条件进行热扩散处理的情况下,存在因镍层14的硬度过度降低而使相对于模具的粘着变多的问题。
与此相对,采用本实施方式,对于表面处理钢板1,通过使铁-镍扩散层12的厚度为0.04μm~0.31μm而比较薄,且将铁-镍扩散层和镍层所含有的镍的总量控制在10.8g/m2~26.7g/m2的范围内,能够减少在将表面处理钢板1成型为电池容器时的内表面侧钢板的铁暴露的面积,从而能够提高在将表面处理钢板1用作电池容器的情况下的耐腐蚀性,另外,还能够进一步提高在将表面处理钢板1加工为电池容器时的加工性。
在对原来的板厚(表面处理钢板1的厚度)进行厚度减少量为10%以上那样的加工(例如包含减薄的加工等)时,尤其能发挥上述那样的效果。
另外,在本实施方式中,镍层14的厚度优选为1.0μm以上,更优选为1.3μm以上,进一步优选为1.5μm以上,特别优选为1.8μm以上。另外,镍层14的厚度的上限没有特殊限定,优选为3.0μm以下,更优选为2.9μm以下,进一步优选为2.5μm。
并且,在本实施方式中,铁-镍扩散层12的厚度相对于镍层14的厚度的比(铁-镍扩散层12的厚度/镍层14的厚度)优选为0.013~0.5,更优选为0.02~0.25,进一步优选为0.03~0.2,特别优选为0.04~0.16。通过将(铁-镍扩散层12的厚度/镍层14的厚度)的比控制在上述范围内,即,进行控制而使镍层14的厚度相对于铁-镍扩散层12的厚度变得比较厚,由此,在将表面处理钢板1用作电池容器的情况下,能够进一步提高电池容器的耐腐蚀性。即,如上述那样,对于热处理后的表面处理钢板1,存在铁在电池容器内表面暴露且出现局部暴露的部分的情况。与此相对,在本实施方式中,通过将(铁-镍扩散层12的厚度/镍层14的厚度)的比控制在上述范围内,使镍层14的厚度相对于铁-镍扩散层12的厚度变得比较厚,从而在利用深拉加工法、拉深减薄加工法(DI加工法)、拉深伸长加工法(DTR加工法)、或在拉深加工后并用伸长加工和减薄加工的加工法等对表面处理钢板1进行成型加工时,在成型加工的应力的作用下,表面处理钢板1的最表层的镍层14被拉长,镍覆盖在表面处理钢板1的表面暴露的铁,其结果,能够进一步提高得到的电池容器的耐腐蚀性。
尤其是,在本实施方式中,通过将镍层14的厚度控制在上述1.0μm以上这样比较厚的范围内,在将表面处理钢板1成型加工为电池容器时,镍层14的镍会更良好地覆盖在表面处理钢板1的表面暴露的铁,进一步提高了得到的电池容器的耐腐蚀性。
对于热扩散处理后的镍层14的厚度,能够通过使用上述高频辉光放电发射光谱分析装置进行的测量来检测镍层14与铁-镍扩散层12之间的交界而求出来。即,计算出以利用高频辉光放电发射光谱分析装置来开始测量表面处理钢板1的表面的时刻为起点到Fe强度为其饱和值的10%的强度的时刻为止的测量时间,能够根据计算出的测量时间来求出镍层14的厚度。在本实施方式中,通过利用高频辉光放电发射光谱分析装置来测量铁-镍扩散层12的厚度和镍层14的厚度,能够使用得到的测量结果来求出(铁-镍扩散层12的厚度/镍层14的厚度)的比。
另外,在本实施方式中,热扩散处理后的镍层14的表面部分的平均结晶粒径优选为0.2μm~0.6μm,更优选为0.3μm~0.6μm,进一步优选为0.3μm~0.5μm。在本实施方式中,镍层14的表面部分的平均结晶粒径并没有特殊限定,当平均结晶粒径过小时,成为存在镀敷应力的状态,此时,在成型加工为电池容器时,存在在表面处理钢板1上产生到达钢板11的较深的裂纹而使钢板11的铁暴露的情况。在该情况下,铁自钢板11的暴露的部分溶出,存在随着铁的溶出而产生的气体导致电池内部的内压上升的担忧。另一方面,如上述那样,当在表面处理钢板1上产生到达钢板11的裂纹时,会产生不良,但从使电池容器的电池特性提高这样的观点考虑,在表面处理钢板1的电池容器的内表面侧产生微细的裂纹的话较佳。对于该点,当镍层14的表面部分的平均结晶粒径过大时,存在镍层14的硬度变得过低的情况(镍层14过度软化),在该情况下,在将表面处理钢板1成型加工为电池容器时,无法使电池容器内表面产生微细的裂纹,因此存在无法充分地获得提高电池特性的效果、即利用裂纹来增大电池容器与正极合剂之间的接触面积降低电池的内部电阻从而提高电池特性的效果的担忧。
此外,存在热扩散处理中的热处理温度越高,镍层14的表面部分的平均结晶粒径越大的倾向,本发明人等发现了,平均结晶粒径的大小根据温度范围阶段性地变大。相对于未实施热处理的镍层14的表面部分,即使在低温、例如300℃的条件下实施热处理后的镍层14的表面部分的结晶颗粒也会变大。在将热处理温度设置在400℃~600℃之间的情况下,随着温度升高,结晶粒径稍微变大,但温度引起的结晶粒径的大小的差并未怎么变大。当热处理温度大于700℃时,平均结晶粒径急剧地变大。因此,通过控制热扩散处理的热处理温度,能够调整镍层14的表面部分的平均结晶粒径。尤其是,通过抑制平均结晶粒径的粗化并使镍层14的表面硬度较硬,从而能够谋求提高电池特性和加工为电池容器时的、抑制镍层14相对于模具的粘着的效果,因此,热处理温度特别优选为450℃~550℃。即,通过使热处理温度为上述范围而使镍层14的表面硬度较硬,从而在成型加工为电池容器时,能够使表面处理钢板1的电池容器的内表面侧产生不到达钢板11的程度的微细的裂纹,利用该裂纹增大电池容器与正极合剂之间的接触面积,使电池的内部电阻降低,从而能够进一步提高电池特性。
在本实施方式中,对于镍层14的表面部分的平均结晶粒径,例如,能够利用扫描型电子显微镜(SEM)对表面处理钢板1的表面进行测量,并使用得到的反射电子图像来求出。
具体而言,首先,根据需要对表面处理钢板1的表面进行蚀刻,之后,例如如图6所示,利用扫描型电子显微镜(SEM)对表面处理钢板1的表面进行测量。此外,图6是表示以10000倍的倍率对实际制成的表面处理钢板1进行测量而得到的反射电子图像的图像的一个例子。并且,在得到的反射电子图像上划出长度10μm的任意条数(例如四条)的直线。然后,对于每条直线,根据位于直线上的结晶颗粒的数量n,利用式子d=10/(n+1)求出结晶粒径d,能够将针对各条直线求出的结晶粒径d的平均值作为镍镀层13的表面部分的平均结晶粒径。
另外,在本实施方式中,对于热扩散处理后的镍层14的表面硬度而言,以利用10gf的载荷测量出的维氏硬度(HV)计,下限优选220以上,更优选为230以上。上限优选为280以下,更优选为260以下,进一步优选为250以下。通过使热扩散处理后的镍层14的表面硬度在上述范围内,从而进一步提高在将得到的表面处理钢板1加工成电池容器时的加工性,且进一步提高在将表面处理钢板1用作电池容器时的耐腐蚀性。另外,还能够进一步提高在成型加工为电池容器时抑制相对于模具的粘着的效果。
在本实施方式中,对于表面处理钢板1,作为将铁-镍扩散层12的厚度以及铁-镍扩散层和镍层所含有的镍的总量分别控制在上述范围内的方法,可举出以上述条件来进行热扩散处理的方法。即,可举出在钢板11上形成镍镀层13之后以热处理温度为450℃~600℃、热处理时间为30秒~2分钟的条件来进行热扩散处理的方法。
另外,在本实施方式中,对于得到的表面处理钢板1,作为将镍层14的表面部分的平均结晶粒径控制在上述范围内的方法,也可举出以相同的条件来进行热扩散处理的方法。即,可举出在钢板11上形成镍镀层13之后以热处理温度为450℃~600℃、热处理时间为30秒~2分钟的条件来进行热扩散处理的方法。
此外,存在热扩散处理中的热处理温度越高和热处理时间越长,铁-镍扩散层12的厚度越厚的倾向。因此,通过控制热扩散处理的热处理温度和热处理时间,能够调整铁-镍扩散层12的厚度和(铁-镍扩散层12的厚度/镍层14的厚度)的比。但是,由于在热处理温度为300℃以下时难以形成铁-镍扩散层,因此,从将铁-镍扩散层12的厚度和(铁-镍扩散层12的厚度/镍层14的厚度)的比控制在上述范围内的观点考虑,优选以480℃以上的温度进行热扩散处理。
本实施方式的表面处理钢板1是通过以上方式构成的。
本实施方式的表面处理钢板1用于利用深拉加工法、拉深减薄加工法(DI加工法)、拉深伸长加工法(DTR加工法)、或在拉深加工后并用伸长加工和减薄加工的加工法等成型加工为图1、图2所示的碱性电池2的正极罐21、其他电池的电池容器等。
(表面处理钢板1的制造方法)
接着,说明本实施方式的表面处理钢板1的制造方法。
首先,准备钢板11,通过如上述那样对钢板11实施镀镍,从而在钢板11的成为电池容器内表面的面形成镍镀层13。此外,优选的是,镍镀层13不仅形成于钢板11的成为电池容器内表面的面,还形成于与该面相反的面。在使镍镀层13形成于钢板11的两个面时,可以使用不同的组成的镀浴,在钢板11中的成为电池容器的内表面的面和成为电池容器的外表面的面分别形成组成、表面粗糙度等不同的镍镀层13,但从提高制造效率的观点来看,优选使用相同的镀浴并由一个工序在钢板11的两个面形成镍镀层13。
接着,通过以上述条件对形成有镍镀层13的钢板11进行热扩散处理,从而使构成钢板11的铁和构成镍镀层13的镍进行热扩散,形成铁-镍扩散层12和镍层14。由此,能够得到图3所示那样的表面处理钢板1。
此外,在本实施方式中,也可以对得到的表面处理钢板1进行调质轧制。由此,能够调整表面处理钢板1的成为电池容器的内表面的面的表面粗糙度,在将表面处理钢板1用作电池容器时,能够增大电池容器与正极合剂之间的接触面积,使电池的内部电阻降低,从而能够提高电池特性。
通过上述的方式,能够制造本实施方式的表面处理钢板1。
在本实施方式的表面处理钢板1中,如上述那样,使铁-镍扩散层12的厚度为0.04μm~0.31μm而比较薄,且将铁-镍扩散层和镍层所含有的镍的总量控制在10.8g/m2~26.7g/m2的范围内,由此,对于使用该表面处理钢板1制造的碱性电池2,即使在长期地保管以及使用的情况下,也能够有效地防止气体产生,由此能够防止因产生气体而导致电池内部的内压上升。并且,通过如上述那样优选使镍层14的厚度为1.0μm以上,从而进一步提高在将表面处理钢板1用于电池容器时的耐腐蚀性,能够更有效地防止这样的电池内部的气体产生和由此引起的内压的上升。因而,本实施方式的表面处理钢板1能够较佳地用作例如碱性电池、镍氢电池等使用碱性的电解液的电池、锂离子电池等的电池容器。
实施例
下面,举出实施例,更具体地说明本发明,但本发明并不限定于这些实施例。
(实施例1)
作为原板,准备了对具有以下所示的化学组成的低碳铝镇静钢的冷轧板(厚度0.25mm)进行退火而得到的钢板11。
C:0.045重量%、Mn:0.23重量%、Si:0.02重量%、P:0.012重量%、S:0.009重量%、Al:0.063重量%、N:0.0036重量%、剩余部分:Fe和不可避免的杂质
然后,对于所准备的钢板11,在进行碱电解脱脂、浸渍硫酸的酸洗之后,以下述条件进行电解镀敷,在钢板11上,以镀敷附着量成为17.8g/m2的方式形成了镍镀层13。之后,对于镍镀层13的厚度,通过荧光X射线测量求出其附着量,从而求出了镍镀层13的厚度。将结果表示在表1中。
浴组成:硫酸镍250g/L、氯化镍45g/L、硼酸45g/L
pH:3.5~4.5
浴温:60℃
电流密度:20A/dm2
通电时间:32秒
接着,利用连续退火,在热处理温度为480℃、热处理时间为30秒、还原气氛的条件下对形成有镍镀层13的钢板11进行热扩散处理,由此,形成了铁-镍扩散层12和镍层14,从而得到了表面处理钢板1。
接着,在伸长率为1%的条件下对得到的表面处理钢板1进行了调质轧制。
然后,使用调质轧制后的表面处理钢板1,按照下述方法对铁-镍扩散层12和镍层14的厚度进行了测量。
(铁-镍扩散层12和镍层14的厚度的测量)
对于表面处理钢板1,使用高频辉光放电发射光谱分析装置,沿自最外表面起朝向钢板11去的深度方向连续地测量Fe强度和Ni强度的变化,计算出以Fe强度为其饱和值的10%的强度的时刻为起点到Ni强度在显示出其极大值之后为极大值的10%的强度的时刻为止的测量时间,根据计算出的测量时间求出了铁-镍扩散层12的厚度。此外,在求得铁-镍扩散层12的厚度时,首先,关于对后述的未进行热扩散处理的镀镍钢板(比较例2)进行的高频辉光放电发射光谱分析的结果,在作为铁-镍扩散层测得的厚度量中,将以Fe强度为其饱和值的10%的强度的时刻为起点到Ni强度在显示出其极大值之后为极大值的10%的强度的时刻为止的测量时间换算为厚度后的值作为基准厚度进行了测量。此外,基准厚度为0.17μm。然后,通过自实施例1的表面处理钢板1的铁-镍扩散层12部分的厚度(将以Fe强度为其饱和值的10%的强度的时刻为起点到Ni强度在显示出其极大值之后为极大值的10%的强度的时刻为止的测量时间换算为厚度后的值)将该基准厚度量减去,从而求出了实施例1中的、实际的铁-镍扩散层12的厚度。另外,对于镍层14,计算出以利用高频辉光放电发射光谱分析装置开始测量表面处理钢板1的表面的时刻为起点到Fe强度为其饱和值的10%的强度的时刻为止的测量时间,根据计算出的测量时间求出了镍层14的厚度。并且,根据测得的结果,求出了铁-镍扩散层12的厚度相对于镍层14的厚度的比(铁-镍扩散层12的厚度/镍层14的厚度)。将结果表示在表1中。此外,在表1中,将(铁-镍扩散层12的厚度/镍层14的厚度)的比记载为“厚度比率Fe-Ni/Ni”。
此外,在高频辉光放电发射光谱分析装置的测量中,随着镍镀层的厚度的增加,通过镍镀层的测量而计算出的基准厚度变厚,因此,期望的是,在求得铁-镍扩散层时,在各个镀敷附着量中确认基准厚度,或者利用镀敷附着量不同的两种以上的、进行热处理前的样品来测量基准厚度,求得镀敷附着量与基准厚度之间的关系式来进行计算。
(实施例2~实施例19)
如表1所示那样变更了镍镀层13的镀敷附着量和针对形成有镍镀层13的钢板11的连续退火的条件(热处理条件),除此以外,与实施例1同样地,得到表面处理钢板1,并同样地进行了测量。将结果表示在表1中。此外,在实施例2、3、6、7、12中,在计算铁-镍扩散层时使用的基准厚度是根据自后述的比较例1和比较例2算出的基准厚度求得镀敷附着量与基准厚度之间的关系式来计算得到的。
(比较例1)
将镍镀层13的镀敷附着量由17.8g/m2变更为8.0g/m2,另外,在形成镍镀层13之后未进行连续退火和调质轧制这两者,除此以外,以与实施例1相同的条件制造了镀镍钢板。对于制成的镀镍钢板,求出了镍镀层13的厚度而作为镍层14的厚度。将结果表示在表1中。
(比较例2)
在形成镍镀层13之后未进行连续退火和调质轧制这两者,除此以外,以与实施例1相同的条件制造了镀镍钢板。对于制成的镀镍钢板,求出了镍镀层13的厚度而作为镍层14的厚度。将结果表示在表1中。
(比较例3~比较例10)
如表1所示那样变更了镍镀层13的镀敷附着量和针对形成有镍镀层13的钢板11的连续退火的条件(热处理条件),除此以外,与实施例1同样地,得到表面处理钢板1,并同样地进行了测量。将结果表示在表1中。此外,在比较例3中,由于铁-镍扩散层12的厚度为利用高频辉光放电发射光谱分析装置检测出的极限值(0.04μm)以下,因此将铁-镍扩散层12的厚度视为大于0μm且小于0.04μm,另外,使“厚度比率Fe-Ni/Ni”为“0<”。
(参考例1)
将镍镀层13的镀敷附着量由18.2g/m2变更为10.6g/m2,另外,在形成镍镀层13之后未进行连续退火和调质轧制这两者,除此以外,以与实施例1相同的条件制造了镀镍钢板。然后,对于制成的镀镍钢板,如上述那样,利用高频辉光放电发射光谱分析进行测量,得到图5的(B)所示的测量结果,将作为铁-镍扩散层测得的厚度量(在图5的(B)中,将以Fe强度为其饱和值的10%的强度的时刻为起点到Ni强度在显示出其极大值之后为极大值的10%的强度的时刻为止的测量时间换算为厚度后的值)作为基准厚度。将结果表示在表1和图5的(B)中。
(实施例20)
对于所准备的钢板11,在进行碱电解脱脂、浸渍硫酸的酸洗之后,利用将相对于下述基础组成浴含有0.16ml/L的脂肪族不饱和醇、0.38ml/L的不饱和羧酸、0.3ml/L的甲醛、0.064ml/L的甲醇的半光泽剂添加至下述基础组成浴而成的镀浴,以下述条件进行电解镀敷,在钢板11上,以镀敷附着量成为17.8g/m2的方式形成了镍镀层13。之后,对于镍镀层13的厚度,通过荧光X射线测量来求出其附着量,从而求出了镍镀层13的厚度。
浴组成:硫酸镍250g/L、氯化镍45g/L、硼酸45g/L
pH:3.5~4.5
浴温:60℃
电流密度:20A/dm2
通电时间:32秒
接着,利用连续退火,在热处理温度为450℃、热处理时间为30秒、还原气氛的条件下对形成有镍镀层13的钢板11进行热扩散处理,由此,形成了铁-镍扩散层12和镍层14,从而得到了表面处理钢板1。
接着,在伸长率为1%的条件下对得到的表面处理钢板1进行了调质轧制。
然后,使用调质轧制后的表面处理钢板1,按照下述方法对铁-镍扩散层12和镍层14的厚度进行了测量。
(实施例21~实施例26)
如表1所示那样变更了针对形成有镍镀层13的钢板11的连续退火的条件(热处理条件),除此以外,与实施例20同样地,得到表面处理钢板1,并同样地进行了测量。将结果表示在表1中。
(比较例11)
对于所准备的钢板11,在进行碱电解脱脂、浸渍硫酸的酸洗之后,利用将相对于下述基础组成浴含有0.16ml/L的脂肪族不饱和醇、0.38ml/L的不饱和羧酸、0.3ml/L的甲醛、0.064ml/L的甲醇的半光泽剂添加至下述基础组成浴而成的镀浴,以下述条件进行电解镀敷,在钢板11上,以镀敷附着量成为17.8g/m2的方式形成了镍镀层13。之后,对于镍镀层13的厚度,通过荧光X射线测量来求出其附着量,从而求出了镍镀层13的厚度。
浴组成:硫酸镍250g/L、氯化镍45g/L、硼酸45g/L
pH:3.5~4.5
浴温:60℃
电流密度:20A/dm2
通电时间:32秒
接着,利用连续退火,在热处理温度为650℃、热处理时间为30秒、还原气氛的条件下对形成有镍镀层13的钢板11进行热扩散处理,由此,形成了铁-镍扩散层12和镍层14,从而得到了表面处理钢板1。
接着,在伸长率为1%的条件下对得到的表面处理钢板1进行了调质轧制。
然后,使用调质轧制后的表面处理钢板1,按照下述方法对铁-镍扩散层12和镍层14的厚度进行了测量。
(比较例12)
如表1所示那样变更了针对形成有镍镀层13的钢板11的连续退火的条件(热处理条件),除此以外,与实施例20同样地,得到表面处理钢板1,并同样地进行了测量。将结果表示在表1中。
(比较例13)
在形成镍镀层13之后未进行连续退火和调质轧制这两者,除此以外,以与比较例12相同的条件制造了镀镍钢板。对于制成的镀镍钢板,求出了镍镀层13的厚度而作为镍层14的厚度。将结果表示在表1中。
(表1)
表1
接着,对于实施例3、5、6、8、11、13~19、22和比较例4~10的表面处理钢板1、以及比较例1、2的镀镍钢板,按照下述方法,进行了成型为电池容器时的、电池容器的耐腐蚀性的评价。
(耐腐蚀性评价)
通过利用冲压机将表面处理钢板1冲切成预定形状而制成毛坯,以镍层14成为内表面侧的方式进行拉深减薄加工,由此制造了电池容器(此外,在使用镀镍钢板的情况下,以镍镀层13成为内表面侧的方式制造了电池容器。)。具体而言,通过使用拉深减薄机和冲头对毛坯进行拉深减薄加工而得到筒状体,将得到的筒状体的开口部附近的边缘部切断,由此得到了电池容器,该拉深减薄机是通过配置6级具有预定间隙的拉深模或减薄模而构成的。在拉深减薄加工中,使用了以使加工后的距罐底10mm的位置处的罐底的厚度成为0.15mm的方式设定了间隙后的模具。
接着,对于得到的电池容器,填充10mol/L的氢氧化钾的溶液并密封,以60℃、480小时的条件进行保持之后,利用高频电感耦合等离子体发射光谱分析法(ICP)(岛津制作所制造的ICPE-9000)对自电池容器的内表面溶出到溶液中的Fe离子的溶出量进行测量,并基于以下的基准进行了评价。在以下的基准中,若评价为A+、A、B或C,则判断为充分地抑制了铁自电池容器的内表面溶出。将结果表示在表2中。
A+:Fe离子的溶出量小于30mg/L
A:Fe离子的溶出量为30mg/L以上且小于33mg/L
B:Fe离子的溶出量为33mg/L以上且小于36mg/L
C:Fe离子的溶出量为36mg/L以上且小于37mg/L
D:Fe离子的溶出量为38mg/L以上
D-:Fe离子的溶出量为40mg/L以上
(表2)
表2
如表2所示,结果是,实施例3、5、6、8、11、13~19、22均耐腐蚀性优异,在实施例3、5、6、8、11、13~19、22中,铁-镍扩散层12的厚度为0.04μm~0.31μm,且铁-镍扩散层和镍层所含有的镍的总量为10.8g/m2~26.7g/m2(镍镀层13的厚度为1.21μm~3.0μm)。
另一方面,如表2所示,结果是,未进行热扩散处理的比较例1、2耐腐蚀性较差,并且,能够认为,因未进行热扩散处理而未形成有铁-镍扩散层12,因此钢板11与镍镀层13之间的密合性较差。
另外,即使在进行了热扩散处理的情况下,在铁-镍扩散层和镍层所含有的镍的总量过少(镍镀层13的厚度过薄)时,基于镍的耐腐蚀性的提高效果也不充分,如比较例4、6那样是耐腐蚀性较差这样的结果。在铁-镍扩散层12的厚度过薄时,如比较例8那样也是耐腐蚀性较差这样的结果。
并且,即使在进行了热扩散处理的情况下,在因过度的热扩散处理而使铁-镍扩散层12的厚度过薄时,能够认为铁暴露于镍层14的表面,如比较例4~7、9、10那样是耐腐蚀性较差这样的结果。
接着,对于实施例1、5、8、9、11、12、20、22和比较例6、7的表面处理钢板1、以及比较例1、2、13的镀镍钢板,按照下述方法,进行了表面硬度的测量。
(表面硬度的测量)
对于表面处理钢板1的镍层14(或者镀镍钢板的镍镀层13),利用显微硬度计(明石制作所公司制造,型号:MVK-G2)并使用金刚石压头,在载荷为10gf、保持时间为10秒的条件下测量维氏硬度(HV),从而进行表面硬度的测量,并基于以下的基准进行了评价。在以下的基准中,若评价为A或B,则能够判断硬度为适度的范围且在加工为电池容器时的、加工性(在成型加工为电池容器时能够使电池容器内表面适度地产生微细的裂纹)和抑制相对于模具的粘着的效果优异,并且用于电池容器时的耐腐蚀性优异。将结果表示在表3中。
A:230以上且小于280
B:220以上且小于230
C:280以上
D:小于220
(表3)
表3
如表3所示,结果是,实施例1、5、8、9、11、12、20、22的硬度均处于适度的范围,在该实施例1、5、8、9、11、12、20、22中,铁-镍扩散层12的厚度为0.04μm~0.31μm且铁-镍扩散层和镍层所含有的镍的总量为10.8g/m2~26.7g/m2(镍镀层13的厚度为1.21μm~3.0μm),由此,能够认为,在加工为电池容器时的、加工性和抑制相对于模具的粘着的效果优异,并且用于电池容器时的耐腐蚀性优异。
另一方面,如表3所示,未进行热扩散处理的比较例1、2、13的硬度过高,由此,在成型加工为电池容器时,产生到达钢板11的较深的裂纹而使钢板11的铁暴露,存在耐腐蚀性降低的担忧。
另外,即使在进行了热扩散处理的情况下,在铁-镍扩散层和镍层所含有的镍的总量过少(镍镀层13的厚度过薄)时,如比较例6那样,硬度也过低,由此,能够认为,在加工为电池容器时的、加工性和抑制相对于模具的粘着的效果较差。
并且,即使在进行了热扩散处理的情况下,在因过度的热扩散处理而使铁-镍扩散层12的厚度过厚时,如比较例6、7那样,硬度也过低,由此,能够认为,在加工为电池容器时的、加工性和抑制相对于模具的粘着的效果较差。
附图标记说明
1、表面处理钢板;11、钢板;12、铁-镍扩散层;13、镍镀层;14、镍层;2、碱性电池;21、正极罐;211、正极端子;22、负极端子;23、正极合剂;24、负极合剂;25、分隔件;26、集电体;27、垫片;28、绝缘环;29、外壳。
Claims (7)
1.一种电池容器用表面处理钢板,其包括:
钢板;
铁-镍扩散层,其形成在所述钢板上;以及
镍层,其形成在所述铁-镍扩散层上,该镍层构成最表层,其中,
在利用高频辉光放电发射光谱分析装置自所述电池容器用表面处理钢板的表面朝向深度方向连续地测量Fe强度和Ni强度时,Fe强度显示出第1预定值时的深度(D1)与Ni强度显示出第2预定值时的深度(D2)的差值(D2-D1)即所述铁-镍扩散层的厚度为0.04μm~0.31μm,
所述铁-镍扩散层和所述镍层所含有的镍的总量为10.8g/m2~26.7g/m2,
显示出所述第1预定值时的深度(D1)是显示出通过所述测量测得的Fe强度的饱和值的10%的强度时的深度,
显示出所述第2预定值时的深度(D2)是通过所述测量Ni强度显示出极大值之后、进一步朝向深度方向进行测量时显示出该极大值的10%的强度时的深度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电池容器用表面处理钢板,其中,
所述铁-镍扩散层的厚度相对于所述镍层的厚度的比(铁-镍扩散层的厚度/镍层的厚度)为0.013~0.5。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的电池容器用表面处理钢板,其中,
所述镍层的厚度为1.0μm以上。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的电池容器用表面处理钢板,其中,
所述镍层的以10gf的载荷测量出的维氏硬度(HV)为220~280。
5.一种电池容器,其中,
该电池容器由权利要求1至4中任一项所述的电池容器用表面处理钢板制成。
6.一种电池,其中,
该电池包括权利要求5所述的电池容器。
7.一种电池容器用表面处理钢板的制造方法,其中,
该电池容器用表面处理钢板的制造方法具有以下工序:
镀镍工序,在该镀镍工序中,在钢板上形成镍含量为10.8g/m2~26.7g/m2的镍镀层;以及
热处理工序,在该热处理工序中,对于形成有所述镍镀层的钢板,通过以450℃~600℃的温度保持30秒~2分钟来实施热处理。
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