JP6803851B2 - 電池容器用表面処理鋼板 - Google Patents
電池容器用表面処理鋼板 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6803851B2 JP6803851B2 JP2017554216A JP2017554216A JP6803851B2 JP 6803851 B2 JP6803851 B2 JP 6803851B2 JP 2017554216 A JP2017554216 A JP 2017554216A JP 2017554216 A JP2017554216 A JP 2017554216A JP 6803851 B2 JP6803851 B2 JP 6803851B2
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- JP
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- Prior art keywords
- nickel
- layer
- iron
- thickness
- steel sheet
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 227
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims description 227
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 453
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 213
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 186
- UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron nickel Chemical compound [Fe].[Ni] UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 132
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 103
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 307
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 113
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 41
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 41
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 31
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 23
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 22
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 19
- 235000019589 hardness Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 18
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000010409 ironing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 7
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005282 brightening Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 4
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical group [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001030 Iron–nickel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000655 Killed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ACIAHEMYLLBZOI-ZZXKWVIFSA-N Unsaturated alcohol Chemical compound CC\C(CO)=C/C ACIAHEMYLLBZOI-ZZXKWVIFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ZYGHJZDHTFUPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N coumarin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC(=O)C=CC2=C1 ZYGHJZDHTFUPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004993 emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910015900 BF3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RQMIWLMVTCKXAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [AlH3].[C] Chemical compound [AlH3].[C] RQMIWLMVTCKXAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron trifluoride Chemical compound FB(F)F WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960000956 coumarin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000001671 coumarin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-hydroxy-2-propan-2-ylsulfonylethanimidamide Chemical compound CC(C)S(=O)(=O)CC(N)=NO LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyoxy-ethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
- H01M50/124—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
- B32B15/015—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium the said other metal being copper or nickel or an alloy thereof
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- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
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- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/043—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/18—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising iron or steel
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
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Description
一方で、電池の高容量化および軽量化の要求に伴って、電池容器には容積率向上のための缶壁の薄い電池容器が求められている。たとえば、特許文献3,4のように、加工前の表面処理鋼板の厚みに対し加工後の電池容器の缶壁の厚みが薄くなるような加工を施すことが知られている。
なお、前記第1所定値を示す深さ(D1)は、前記測定により測定されたFe強度の飽和値に対して、10%の強度を示す深さであり、前記第2所定値を示す深さ(D2)は、前記測定によりNi強度が極大値を示した後、さらに深さ方向に向かって測定を行った際に、該極大値に対して10%の強度を示す深さである。
本発明の電池容器用表面処理鋼板において、前記ニッケル層の厚みが1.0μm以上であることが好ましい。
本発明の電池容器用表面処理鋼板において、前記ニッケル層における10gfの荷重で測定されるビッカース硬度(HV)が220〜280であることが好ましい。
また、本発明によれば、上述した電池容器を備える電池が提供される。
本実施形態の鋼板11としては、成形加工性に優れているものであればよく特に限定されないが、たとえば、低炭素アルミキルド鋼(炭素量0.01〜0.15重量%)、炭素量が0.003重量%以下の極低炭素鋼、または極低炭素鋼にTiやNbなどを添加してなる非時効性極低炭素鋼を用いることができる。鋼板の厚みは特に限定されないが、好ましくは0.2〜0.5mmである。厚すぎる場合、拡散に必要な熱量が不足し拡散層が十分に形成されない恐れがある。薄すぎる場合、後の電池缶として必要な厚みが確保できない場合や熱の伝わりが早く拡散層の厚みの制御が困難となる恐れがある。
本実施形態の表面処理鋼板1では、鉄−ニッケル拡散層12は、鋼板11上にニッケルめっき層13を形成した後、熱拡散処理を行うことにより、鋼板11を構成する鉄と、ニッケルめっき層13を構成するニッケルとを熱拡散させることにより形成される、鉄とニッケルが相互に拡散している層である。ニッケル層14は、前記熱拡散処理を行った際、ニッケルめっき層13のうち鉄が拡散しなかった表層に近い部分が、熱により再結晶し軟質化した層である。
本発明においては上記のように既知のめっき厚を有する熱処理をしていないニッケルめっき鋼板について高周波グロー放電発行分光分析を行い鉄−ニッケル拡散層として算出される厚み分を「基準の厚み」とし、D1とD2との差分(D2−D1)は前述のように基準の厚みを差し引いたものを指す。
なお、高周波グロー放電発光分光分析装置における測定上、ニッケルめっき層の厚みの増加に伴い、ニッケルめっき層の測定から算出される基準の厚みが厚くなるため、鉄−ニッケル拡散層を求める際には各々のめっき付着量において基準の厚みを確認するか、めっき付着量の異なる2種類以上の熱処理を行う前のサンプルにて基準の厚みの測定を行い、めっき付着量と基準の厚みとの関係式を求めて算出することが望ましい。
特に本発明者等は、電池の高容量化のために、ニッケルめっき層を薄くした場合または、電池缶形成後の缶壁の厚みを形成前の表面処理鋼板の厚みより薄くするような加工を行った場合、缶壁の厚みを形成前の表面処理鋼板と同等程度とする加工に比べて表面処理鋼板1に対する加工条件が厳しくなるため、より耐食性が低下しやすいおそれがあることを見出し、このような厳しい加工条件においても、本実施形態の表面処理鋼板1は格段の耐食性を発揮することを突き止めた。さらに、電池の高容量化のためにはニッケルめっき層の厚みを薄くし、かつ、缶壁の厚みを薄くすることが考えられるが、これらの手段はいずれも電池容器の耐食性を低下させる要因となる。本発明者らは、従来の表面処理鋼板では高容量化のためのこれらの手段と耐食性向上との両立という新たな課題を見出し、高容量化にも対応可能な新たな構成を見出したものである。
また、本実施形態において、得られる表面処理鋼板1について、ニッケル層14の表面部分の平均結晶粒径を上述した範囲に制御とする方法としても、同様の条件で熱拡散処理を行う方法が挙げられる。すなわち、鋼板11にニッケルめっき層13を形成した後、熱処理温度450〜600℃、熱処理時間30秒〜2分の条件で、熱拡散処理を行う方法が挙げられる。
次いで、本実施形態の表面処理鋼板1の製造方法について、説明する。
原板として、下記に示す化学組成を有する低炭素アルミキルド鋼の冷間圧延板(厚さ0.25mm)を焼鈍して得られた鋼板11を準備した。
C:0.045重量%、Mn:0.23重量%、Si:0.02重量%、P:0.012重量%、S:0.009重量%、Al:0.063重量%、N:0.0036重量%、残部:Feおよび不可避的不純物
浴組成:硫酸ニッケル250g/L、塩化ニッケル45g/L、ホウ酸45g/L
pH:3.5〜4.5
浴温:60℃
電流密度:20A/dm2
通電時間:32秒
表面処理鋼板1について、高周波グロー放電発光分光分析装置を用いて、最表面から鋼板11へ深さ方向にFe強度およびNi強度の変化を連続的に測定し、Fe強度がその飽和値に対して10%の強度となった時点を起点として、Ni強度が、その極大値を示した後に、極大値に対して10%の強度となった時点までの測定時間を算出し、算出した測定時間に基づいて、鉄−ニッケル拡散層12の厚みを求めた。なお、鉄−ニッケル拡散層12の厚みを求める際には、まず、後述する熱拡散処理をしていないニッケルめっき鋼板(比較例2)の高周波グロー放電発行分光分析を行った結果について、鉄−ニッケル拡散層として測定される厚み分において、Fe強度がその飽和値に対して10%の強度となった時点を起点として、Ni強度が、その極大値を示した後に、極大値に対して10%の強度となった時点までの測定時間を厚みに換算した値)を、基準の厚みとして測定した。なお、基準の厚みは0.17μmであった。そして、この基準の厚み分を、実施例1の表面処理鋼板1の鉄−ニッケル拡散層12部分の厚み(Fe強度がその飽和値に対して10%の強度となった時点を起点として、Ni強度が、その極大値を示した後に、極大値に対して10%の強度となった時点までの測定時間を厚みに換算した値)から差し引くことで、実施例1における、実際の鉄−ニッケル拡散層12の厚みを求めた。また、ニッケル層14については、高周波グロー放電発光分光分析装置により表面処理鋼板1の表面の測定を開始した時点を起点として、Fe強度がその飽和値に対して10%の強度となった時点までの測定時間を算出し、算出した測定時間に基づいて、ニッケル層14の厚みを求めた。そして、測定した結果に基づいて、ニッケル層14の厚みに対する、鉄−ニッケル拡散層12の厚みの比(鉄−ニッケル拡散層12の厚み/ニッケル層14の厚み)を求めた。結果を表1に示す。なお、表1中においては、(鉄−ニッケル拡散層12の厚み/ニッケル層14の厚み)の比を、「厚み比率Fe−Ni/Ni」と記載した。
なお、高周波グロー放電発光分光分析装置における測定上、ニッケルめっき層の厚みの増加に伴い、ニッケルめっき層の測定から算出される基準の厚みが厚くなるため、鉄−ニッケル拡散層を求める際には各々のめっき付着量において基準の厚みを確認するか、めっき付着量の異なる2種類以上の熱処理を行う前のサンプルにて基準の厚みの測定を行い、めっき付着量と基準の厚みとの関係式を求めて算出することが望ましい。
ニッケルめっき層13のめっき付着量、およびニッケルめっき層13を形成した鋼板11に対する連続焼鈍の条件(熱処理条件)を、表1に示すように変更した以外は、実施例1と同様に、表面処理鋼板1を得て、同様に測定を行った。結果を表1に示す。なお、実施例3,6、参考例2〜4において/鉄−ニッケル拡散層の算出時に用いる基準の厚みは後述する比較例1および比較例2から算出される基準の厚みからめっき付着量の基準の厚みとの関係式を求めて算出した。
ニッケルめっき層13のめっき付着量を17.8g/m2から8.0g/m2に変更し、また、ニッケルめっき層13を形成した後に連続焼鈍および調質圧延をいずれも行わなかった以外は、実施例1と同様の条件にて、ニッケルめっき鋼板を作製した。作製したニッケルめっき鋼板について、ニッケルめっき層13の厚みを、ニッケル層14の厚みとして求めた。結果を表1に示す。
ニッケルめっき層13を形成した後に連続焼鈍および調質圧延をいずれも行わなかった以外は、実施例1と同様の条件にて、ニッケルめっき鋼板を作製した。作製したニッケルめっき鋼板について、ニッケルめっき層13の厚みを、ニッケル層14の厚みとして求めた。結果を表1に示す。
ニッケルめっき層13のめっき付着量、およびニッケルめっき層13を形成した鋼板11に対する連続焼鈍の条件(熱処理条件)を、表1に示すように変更した以外は、実施例1と同様に、表面処理鋼板1を得て、同様に測定を行った。結果を表1に示す。なお、比較例3においては、鉄−ニッケル拡散層12の厚みが、高周波グロー放電発光分光分析装置による検出限界値(0.04μm)以下であったため、鉄−ニッケル拡散層12の厚みは、0μm超、0.04μm未満であるとみなし、また、「厚み比率Fe−Ni/Ni」を「0<」とした。
ニッケルめっき層13のめっき付着量を18.2g/m2から10.6g/m2に変更し、また、ニッケルめっき層13を形成した後に連続焼鈍および調質圧延をいずれも行わなかった以外は、実施例1と同様の条件にて、ニッケルめっき鋼板を作製した。そして、作製したニッケルめっき鋼板について、上述したように、高周波グロー放電発行分光分析により測定を行い、図5(B)に示す測定結果を得て、鉄−ニッケル拡散層として測定される厚み分(図5(B)において、Fe強度がその飽和値に対して10%の強度となった時点を起点として、Ni強度が、その極大値を示した後に、極大値に対して10%の強度となった時点までの測定時間を厚みに換算した値)を、基準の厚みとして測定した。結果を表1および図5(B)に示す。
準備した鋼板11について、アルカリ電解脱脂、硫酸浸漬の酸洗を行った後、下記ベース組成浴に対して0.16ml/Lの脂肪族不飽和アルコール、0.38ml/Lの不飽和カルボン酸、0.3ml/Lのホルムアルデヒド、0.064ml/Lのメタノールを含む半光沢剤を、下記ベース組成浴に添加してなるめっき浴にて、下記条件にて電解めっきを行い、鋼板11上に、めっき付着量が17.8g/m2となるようにニッケルめっき層13を形成した。その後、ニッケルめっき層13の厚みを、蛍光X線測定により、その付着量を求めた。
浴組成:硫酸ニッケル250g/L、塩化ニッケル45g/L、ホウ酸45g/L
pH:3.5〜4.5
浴温:60℃
電流密度:20A/dm2
通電時間:32秒
ニッケルめっき層13を形成した鋼板11に対する連続焼鈍の条件(熱処理条件)を、表1に示すように変更した以外は、実施例20と同様に、表面処理鋼板1を得て、同様に測定を行った。結果を表1に示す。
準備した鋼板11について、アルカリ電解脱脂、硫酸浸漬の酸洗を行った後、下記ベース組成浴に対して0.16ml/Lの脂肪族不飽和アルコール、0.38ml/Lの不飽和カルボン酸、0.3ml/Lのホルムアルデヒド、0.064ml/Lのメタノールを含む半光沢剤を、下記ベース組成浴に添加してなるめっき浴にて、下記条件にて電解めっきを行い、鋼板11上に、めっき付着量が17.8g/m2となるようにニッケルめっき層13を形成した。その後、ニッケルめっき層13の厚みを、蛍光X線測定により、その付着量を求めた。
浴組成:硫酸ニッケル250g/L、塩化ニッケル45g/L、ホウ酸45g/L
pH:3.5〜4.5
浴温:60℃
電流密度:20A/dm2
通電時間:32秒
ニッケルめっき層13を形成した鋼板11に対する連続焼鈍の条件(熱処理条件)を、表1に示すように変更した以外は、実施例20と同様に、表面処理鋼板1を得て、同様に測定を行った。結果を表1に示す。
ニッケルめっき層13を形成した後に連続焼鈍および調質圧延をいずれも行わなかった以外は、比較例12と同様の条件にて、ニッケルめっき鋼板を作製した。作製したニッケルめっき鋼板について、ニッケルめっき層13の厚みを、ニッケル層14の厚みとして求めた。結果を表1に示す。
表面処理鋼板1をプレス機で所定形状に打ち抜くことでブランクを作製し、ニッケル層14が内面側となるように、絞りしごき加工を行うことで、電池容器を作製した(なお、ニッケルめっき鋼板を用いた場合には、ニッケルめっき層13が内面側となるように電池容器を作製した。)。具体的には、所定のクリアランスを有する絞りダイスまたはしごきダイスを6段配置してなる絞り兼しごき機と、パンチとを用いて、ブランクに対して絞りしごき加工を行うことで筒状体を得て、得られた筒状体の開口部付近の耳部を切断することにより、電池容器を得た。絞りしごき加工は、加工後の缶底から10mmの位置における缶底の厚みが0.15mmとなるようにクリアランスを設定したダイスを用いた。
次いで、得られた電池容器について、10mol/Lの水酸化カリウムの溶液を充填して密封し、60℃、480時間の条件で保持した後、電池容器の内面から溶液中に溶出したFeイオンの溶出量を、高周波誘導結合プラズマ発光分光分析法(ICP)(島津製作所製 ICPE−9000)により測定し、以下の基準で評価した。以下の基準においては、評価がA+、A、BまたはCであれば、電池容器の内面からの鉄の溶出が十分に抑制されていると判断した。結果を表2に示す。
A+:Feイオンの溶出量が30mg/L未満
A :Feイオンの溶出量が30mg/L以上、33mg/L未満
B :Feイオンの溶出量が33mg/L以上、36mg/L未満
C :Feイオンの溶出量が36mg/L以上、37mg/L未満
D :Feイオンの溶出量が38mg/L以上
D−:Feイオンの溶出量が40mg/L以上
また、熱拡散処理を行った場合であっても、鉄−ニッケル拡散層およびニッケル層に含まれるニッケルの合計量が少なすぎる(ニッケルめっき層13の厚みが薄すぎる)場合には、ニッケルによる耐食性の向上効果が不十分となり、比較例4,6のように、耐食性に劣るという結果であった。鉄−ニッケル拡散層12の厚みが薄すぎる場合も比較例8のように耐食性に劣るという結果であった。
さらに、熱拡散処理を行った場合であっても、過剰な熱拡散処理により、鉄−ニッケル拡散層12の厚みが厚くなりすぎた場合には、ニッケル層14の表面に鉄が露出してしまったと考えられ、比較例4〜7,9,10のように、耐食性に劣るという結果であった。
表面処理鋼板1のニッケル層14(または、ニッケルめっき鋼板のニッケルめっき層13)について、微小硬度計(明石製作所社製、型番:MVK−G2)により、ダイヤモンド圧子を用いて、荷重:10gf、保持時間:10秒の条件でビッカース硬度(HV)を測定することにより、表面硬度の測定を行い、以下の基準で評価した。以下の基準においては、評価がAまたはBであれば、硬度が適度な範囲であり、電池容器に加工する際の加工性(電池容器として成形加工する際に、電池容器内面に微細なひび割れを適度に発生させることができること)および金型への焼き付きの抑制効果に優れ、しかも電池容器に用いた際の耐食性に優れたものであると判断した。結果を表3に示す。
A:230以上、280未満
B:220以上、230未満
C:280以上
D:220未満
また、熱拡散処理を行った場合であっても、鉄−ニッケル拡散層およびニッケル層に含まれるニッケルの合計量が少なすぎる(ニッケルめっき層13の厚みが薄すぎる)場合には、比較例6のように、硬度が低くなりすぎてしまい、これにより、電池容器に加工する際の加工性および金型への焼き付きの抑制効果に劣るものとなると考えられる。
さらに、熱拡散処理を行った場合であっても、過剰な熱拡散処理により、鉄−ニッケル拡散層12の厚みが厚くなりすぎた場合にも、比較例6,7のように、硬度が低くなりすぎてしまい、これにより、電池容器に加工する際の加工性および金型への焼き付きの抑制効果に劣るものとなると考えられる。
11…鋼板
12…鉄−ニッケル拡散層
13…ニッケルめっき層
14…ニッケル層
2…アルカリ電池
21…正極缶
211…正極端子
22…負極端子
23…正極合剤
24…負極合剤
25…セパレータ
26…集電体
27…ガスケット
28…絶縁リング
29…外装
Claims (7)
- 鋼板と、
前記鋼板の電池容器内面となる面上に形成された鉄−ニッケル拡散層と、
前記鉄−ニッケル拡散層上に形成され、最表層を構成するニッケル層と、を備える電池容器用表面処理鋼板であって、
高周波グロー放電発光分光分析装置によって前記電池容器用表面処理鋼板の表面から深さ方向に向かってFe強度およびNi強度を連続的に測定した際において、Fe強度が第1所定値を示す深さ(D1)と、Ni強度が第2所定値を示す深さ(D2)との差分(D2−D1)である前記鉄−ニッケル拡散層の厚みが0.04〜0.31μmであり、
前記鉄−ニッケル拡散層および前記ニッケル層に含まれるニッケルの合計量が、10.8〜26.7g/m2である電池容器用表面処理鋼板。
(前記第1所定値を示す深さ(D1)は、前記測定により測定されたFe強度の飽和値に対して、10%の強度を示す深さであり、
前記第2所定値を示す深さ(D2)は、前記測定によりNi強度が極大値を示した後、さらに深さ方向に向かって測定を行った際に、該極大値に対して10%の強度を示す深さである。) - 前記ニッケル層の厚みに対する、前記鉄−ニッケル拡散層の厚みの比(鉄−ニッケル拡散層の厚み/ニッケル層の厚み)が、0.013〜0.5である請求項1に記載の電池容器用表面処理鋼板。
- 前記ニッケル層の厚みが1.0μm以上である請求項1または2に記載の電池容器用表面処理鋼板。
- 前記ニッケル層における10gfの荷重で測定されるビッカース硬度(HV)が220〜280である請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の電池容器用表面処理鋼板。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の電池容器用表面処理鋼板からなる電池容器。
- 請求項5に記載の電池容器を備える電池。
- 鋼板の電池容器内面となる面上に、ニッケル量で10.8〜26.7g/m2のニッケルめっき層を形成するニッケルめっき工程と、
前記ニッケルめっき層を形成した鋼板に対して、450〜600℃の温度で30秒〜2分の間保持することにより熱処理を施すことで、鉄−ニッケル拡散層および最表層を構成するニッケル層を形成する熱処理工程と、を有する電池容器用表面処理鋼板の製造方法。
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