WO2016195062A1 - 非水電解液一次電池およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
非水電解液一次電池およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016195062A1 WO2016195062A1 PCT/JP2016/066548 JP2016066548W WO2016195062A1 WO 2016195062 A1 WO2016195062 A1 WO 2016195062A1 JP 2016066548 W JP2016066548 W JP 2016066548W WO 2016195062 A1 WO2016195062 A1 WO 2016195062A1
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- aqueous electrolyte
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- primary battery
- lithium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/06—Electrodes for primary cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/381—Alkaline or alkaline earth metals elements
- H01M4/382—Lithium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M6/16—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte
- H01M6/162—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte characterised by the electrolyte
- H01M6/166—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte characterised by the electrolyte by the solute
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M6/16—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte
- H01M6/162—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte characterised by the electrolyte
- H01M6/168—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte characterised by the electrolyte by additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte primary battery having a negative electrode containing metallic lithium or a lithium alloy and excellent in reliability, and a method for producing the same.
- non-aqueous electrolyte batteries such as lithium primary batteries and lithium-ion secondary batteries that have non-aqueous electrolytes are exposed to high temperatures, such as power supplies for portable devices and pressure sensors inside tires. Although it is applied in various fields such as a use subject to vibration, attempts have been made to improve various characteristics in response to the spread of the use.
- LiClO that can achieve excellent discharge characteristics with high ion conductivity in non-aqueous electrolyte batteries using lithium alloys such as metallic lithium and lithium-aluminum alloys as the negative electrode active material, particularly in coin-type lithium primary batteries
- a non-aqueous electrolytic solution having 4 as an electrolyte is generally used.
- the reaction between the electrolyte and the electrode occurs, causing problems such as swelling of the battery. Therefore, in applications where the battery is used in a high temperature environment, the electrolyte and the electrode Measures to suppress the reaction of are required.
- sulfur-based compounds such as propane sultone are used as additives capable of suppressing reaction with the electrolyte and suppressing battery swelling during high-temperature storage by forming a film on the surface of the positive or negative electrode.
- Patent Document 1 sulfur-based compounds such as propane sultone are used as additives capable of suppressing reaction with the electrolyte and suppressing battery swelling during high-temperature storage by forming a film on the surface of the positive or negative electrode.
- the coating formed on the electrode surface inhibits the discharge reaction and Since the internal resistance is increased, the problem that the discharge characteristics deteriorate after high temperature storage is likely to occur.
- Patent Document 2 uses a nonaqueous electrolytic solution containing lithium bisoxalate borate [LiB (C 2 O 4 ) 2 ] and LiBF 4 in a molar ratio of 2: 8 to 5: 5. Therefore, it is possible to prevent a rise in internal resistance caused by moisture liberated from the positive electrode active material from the cathode active material at a high temperature and a rise in internal pressure due to the decomposition of the electrolyte, and it is possible to constitute a battery with excellent characteristics at low and high temperatures. It is disclosed.
- LiBF 4 is an electrolyte salt having relatively excellent heat resistance, and by using a non-aqueous electrolyte in which LiB (C 2 O 4 ) 2 coexists, it has excellent storage characteristics in a temperature range up to about 100 ° C. It can be a battery. However, in a higher temperature environment, even if LiB (C 2 O 4 ) 2 is contained, the battery characteristics are likely to deteriorate due to the reaction with moisture.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and its object is to improve the storage stability at high temperature of a nonaqueous electrolyte primary battery including a negative electrode having metallic lithium or a lithium alloy, and has excellent reliability. Another object of the present invention is to provide a non-aqueous electrolyte primary battery and a method for manufacturing the same.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte primary battery of the present invention that has achieved the above object is a non-aqueous electrolyte primary battery having a negative electrode, a positive electrode, a separator, and a non-aqueous electrolyte having metallic lithium or a lithium alloy,
- the electrolytic solution is characterized by containing at least LiClO 4 as an electrolyte and 0.1-5% by mass of LiB (C 2 O 4 ) 2 .
- the non-aqueous electrolyte primary battery manufacturing method of the present invention is a method for manufacturing a non-aqueous electrolyte primary battery in which a negative electrode, a positive electrode, a separator, and a non-aqueous electrolyte containing metallic lithium or a lithium alloy are accommodated inside an exterior body.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte containing at least LiClO 4 and 0.1 to 5% by mass of LiB (C 2 O 4 ) 2 is used as an electrolyte.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a non-aqueous electrolyte primary battery excellent in reliability and a manufacturing method thereof, which suppresses the swelling of the battery and the increase in internal resistance during high-temperature storage.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte primary battery of the present invention is configured using a non-aqueous electrolyte containing at least LiClO 4 as an electrolyte and 0.1 to 5% by mass of LiB (C 2 O 4 ) 2 .
- metallic lithium or lithium alloy negative electrode has according to the present invention is in contact with the non-aqueous electrolyte containing LiB (C 2 O 4) 2 , on the surface of the negative electrode, a protective film can suppress the reaction between the electrolytic solution and the negative electrode surface Is formed. Since this protective film works effectively even in a high temperature environment of 110 ° C. or higher, it is possible to prevent the negative electrode from reacting with moisture etc. brought into the battery during battery assembly.
- LiClO 4 as an electrolyte in the non-aqueous electrolyte, excellent characteristics can be maintained even in a high temperature environment, and there is little swelling due to gas generation, and Li oxide that does not contribute to discharge or A non-aqueous electrolyte primary battery excellent in reliability even in a high temperature environment in which an increase in internal resistance due to generation of hydroxide is suppressed can be obtained.
- a lithium alloy when used as the negative electrode active material, it is common to react an alloy element (for example, aluminum) for forming a lithium alloy with lithium in the battery to form the lithium alloy.
- an alloy element for example, aluminum
- the active material is detached from the negative electrode due to the influence of vibration or the like, causing a problem such as a short circuit. Is likely to occur.
- LiB (C 2 O 4 ) 2 in an amount of 0.1 to 5% by mass.
- a separator having a relatively large gap size and a fine powder of the active material that has fallen off the electrode easily passes through the gap, such as a nonwoven fabric separator, a short circuit due to the pulverization of the negative electrode active material. It is considered that a non-aqueous electrolyte primary battery excellent in vibration resistance can be formed.
- non-aqueous electrolyte solution a solution obtained by dissolving an electrolyte in an organic solvent
- organic solvents include cyclic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate (PC), butylene carbonate, and vinylene carbonate; chain carbonates such as dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and methyl ethyl carbonate; 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME), diglyme (Diethylene glycol dimethyl ether), triglyme (triethylene glycol dimethyl ether), tetraglyme (tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether), ethers such as methoxyethoxyethane, 1,2-diethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran; cyclic esters such as ⁇ -butyrolactone; nitriles; etc. 1 type of these may be used, and 2 or more types may be used in combination.
- nitrile has a low viscosity and a high dielectric constant, the load characteristics of the non-aqueous electrolyte primary battery can be further improved by using it as a non-aqueous electrolyte solvent.
- nitriles include mononitriles such as acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, valeronitrile, benzonitrile, acrylonitrile; malononitrile, succinonitrile, glutaronitrile, adiponitrile, 1,4-dicyanoheptane, 1,5- Dicyanopentane, 1,6-dicyanohexane, 1,7-dicyanoheptane, 2,6-dicyanoheptane, 1,8-dicyanooctane, 2,7-dicyanooctane, 1,9-dicyanononane, 2,8-dicyanononane, And dinitriles such as 1,10-dicyanodecane, 1,6-dicyanodecane and 2,4-dimethylglutaronitrile; cyclic nitriles such as benzonitrile; alkoxy-substituted nitriles such as
- the nitrile content in the total amount of the non-aqueous electrolyte solvent is 5% by volume or more from the viewpoint of better securing the above-described effect due to the use of the nitrile. Preferably, it is 8 volume% or more. However, since nitrile is highly reactive with lithium in the negative electrode, it is preferable to limit the amount of nitrile used to some extent to suppress excessive reaction between them. Therefore, the nitrile content in the total amount of the nonaqueous electrolyte solvent is preferably 20% by volume or less, and more preferably 17% by volume or less.
- LiClO 4 is used as the electrolyte dissolved in the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- concentration of LiClO 4 in the non-aqueous electrolyte is preferably 0.3 mol / l or more, and 0.4 mol / l or more. Is more preferably 1 mol / l or less, more preferably 0.8 mol / l or less, and particularly preferably 0.7 mol / l or less.
- non-aqueous electrolyte solution if necessary, electrolytes other than LiClO 4 can be used in combination with LiClO 4.
- Other electrolytes can be used with LiClO 4, for example, LiBF 4, LiPF 6, LiAsF 6 , LiSbF 6, LiC n F 2n + 1 SO 3 (n ⁇ 1) [LiCF 3 SO 3, LiC 4 F 9 SO 3 ], lithium imide salt [LiN (FSO 2) 2, LiN (CF 3 SO 2) 2, LiN (C 2 F 5 SO 2) 2 , etc.], LiC (CF 3 SO 2) 3, LiCF 3 CO 2, LiB 10 Cl 10 , lower fatty acid carboxylate, LiAlCl 4 , LiCl, LiBr, LiI, chloroborane lithium, lithium tetraphenylborate and the like can be mentioned.
- LiClO 4 when used with LiClO 4 electrolyte other than LiClO 4, in order not to disturb a property LiClO 4 is the sum of the concentration in the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of other electrolytes in combination with LiClO 4, and the concentration of LiClO 4 However, it is preferable to adjust so that it may become 1 mol / l or less, and it is more preferable to set it as 0.8 mol / l or less.
- LiB (C 2 O 4 ) 2 in a non-aqueous electrolyte used for the battery is used.
- the content of O 4 ) 2 may be 0.1% by mass or more, preferably 0.3% by mass or more, more preferably 0.5% by mass or more, and 1% by mass or more. It is particularly preferred.
- the content of LiB (C 2 O 4 ) 2 in the non-aqueous electrolyte used in the battery is 5% by mass or less and 3% by mass or less.
- it is more preferably 2% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 1.5% by mass or less.
- the ratio of LiClO 4 and LiB (C 2 O 4 ) 2 within a certain range, and LiB (C 2 O 4 ) 2 in the total amount thereof.
- the ratio is preferably 3 mol% or more, more preferably 5 mol% or more, more preferably 20 mol% or less, and even more preferably 18 mol% or less.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte may contain an additive other than LiB (C 2 O 4 ) 2 as necessary.
- Additives that can be used in combination with LiB (C 2 O 4 ) 2 include saturated cyclic sultone compounds such as 1,3-propane sultone and 1,4-butane sultone; unsaturated cyclic sultone compounds such as 1,3-propene sultone; And acid anhydrides such as maleic anhydride and phthalic anhydride; dinitriles such as succinonitrile, glutaronitrile and adiponitrile; and the like.
- the saturated cyclic sultone compound and the unsaturated cyclic sultone compound a compound having a 5-membered ring to a 7-membered ring is preferable, and a compound having a 5-membered ring structure is more preferable from the viewpoint of solubility in an electrolytic solution. .
- the content of the additive used together with LiB (C 2 O 4 ) 2 in the non-aqueous electrolyte is LiB
- the total content of (C 2 O 4 ) 2 is preferably 5% by mass or less, and more preferably 3% by mass or less.
- a gelled gel (gel electrolyte) can be used by adding a known gelling agent.
- the negative electrode according to the nonaqueous electrolyte primary battery of the present invention contains metallic lithium or a lithium alloy.
- a metallic lithium foil can be used as it is, or a metallic lithium foil having a structure in which the metallic lithium foil is pressure-bonded to one side or both sides of the current collector can also be used.
- a lithium alloy foil can be used as it is, and a lithium alloy foil having a structure in which a lithium alloy foil is pressure-bonded to one side or both sides can also be used.
- a negative electrode containing a lithium alloy lamination was performed by, for example, pressing a layer containing an alloy element for forming a lithium alloy on the surface of a lithium layer (a layer containing lithium) composed of a metal lithium foil or the like.
- a lithium alloy can be formed on the surface of the lithium layer to form a negative electrode.
- a laminate having a layer containing an alloy element only on one side of the lithium layer may be used, or a laminate having a layer containing an alloy element on both sides of the lithium layer may be used.
- the said laminated body can be formed by crimping
- the current collector can also be used when a negative electrode is formed by forming a lithium alloy in the battery.
- the negative electrode current collector has a lithium layer on one side of the negative electrode current collector and has a lithium layer.
- a laminate having a layer containing an alloy element on the surface opposite to the surface of the negative electrode may have a lithium layer on both surfaces of the negative electrode current collector, and the surface of each lithium layer opposite to the negative electrode current collector Alternatively, a laminate having a layer containing an alloy element may be used.
- the negative electrode current collector and the lithium layer may be laminated by pressure bonding or the like.
- Examples of the alloy element for forming the lithium alloy include aluminum, lead, bismuth, indium, and gallium, and aluminum is preferable.
- the layer containing the alloy element according to the laminate for forming a negative electrode for example, a foil made of these alloy elements can be used.
- the thickness of the layer containing the alloy element is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 3 ⁇ m or more, preferably 20 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 12 ⁇ m or less.
- a metal lithium foil or the like can be used for the lithium layer according to the laminate for forming a negative electrode.
- the thickness of the lithium layer is preferably 0.1 to 1.5 mm.
- the thickness of the lithium layer (metal lithium foil used for forming the lithium layer) when the negative electrode contains metallic lithium is preferably 0.1 to 1.5 mm.
- Examples of the negative electrode current collector include those made of copper, nickel, iron, and stainless steel, and the forms thereof include plain weave metal mesh, expanded metal, lath net, punching metal, metal foam, foil (plate), etc. Can be illustrated.
- the thickness of the current collector is preferably, for example, 5 to 100 ⁇ m. It is also desirable to apply a paste-like conductive material such as carbon paste or silver paste to the surface of such a current collector.
- the positive electrode according to the non-aqueous electrolyte primary battery of the present invention includes, for example, a molded body in which a mixture (positive electrode mixture) containing a positive electrode active material, a conductive additive, a binder and the like is formed into a pellet form, and the positive electrode A structure having a layer made of a mixture (positive electrode mixture layer) on one side or both sides of a current collector can be used.
- manganese dioxide Li x Mn 3 O 6 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2), Li x MnO 2 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1), Li x Ti 5/3 O 4 ( 4/3 ⁇ x ⁇ And lithium-containing composite oxides such as 7/3); vanadium oxides; niobium oxides; titanium oxides; sulfides such as iron disulfide;
- a conductive support agent which concerns on a positive electrode mixture for example, scaly graphite, acetylene black, ketjen black, carbon black etc. are mentioned, only 1 type may be used among these, and 2 or more types may be used. You may use together.
- binder related to the positive electrode mixture examples include fluororesins such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and a polymer of propylene hexafluoride. May be used alone, or two or more of them may be used in combination.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- a polymer of propylene hexafluoride May be used alone, or two or more of them may be used in combination.
- the positive electrode can be manufactured by pressure-molding a positive electrode mixture prepared by mixing a positive electrode active material, a conductive additive and a binder into a predetermined shape. it can.
- a positive electrode having a positive electrode mixture layer and a current collector for example, a positive electrode active material, a conductive auxiliary agent, a binder, and the like are used as an organic solvent such as water or N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP).
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- the positive electrode is not limited to those manufactured by the above methods, and may be manufactured by other methods.
- the amount of the positive electrode active material is preferably 80 to 90% by mass
- the content of the conductive auxiliary agent is preferably 1.5 to 10% by mass
- the binder The content of is preferably 0.3 to 10% by mass.
- the thickness is preferably 0.15 to 4 mm.
- the thickness of the positive electrode mixture layer is preferably 30 to 300 ⁇ m.
- examples of the current collector include those made of stainless steel such as SUS316, SUS430, and SUS444.
- Examples of the current collector include plain weave wire mesh, expanded metal, lath. Examples thereof include a net, punching metal, metal foam, and foil (plate).
- the thickness of the current collector is preferably 0.05 to 0.2 mm, for example. It is also desirable to apply a paste-like conductive material such as carbon paste or silver paste to the surface of such a current collector.
- a negative electrode having a current collector or a laminated body for a negative electrode
- a positive electrode having a current collector a laminated body laminated via a separator.
- Body a wound body (winding electrode body) obtained by winding the laminated body in a spiral shape
- a flat wound body flat winding body obtained by shaping the wound body so that the cross section is flat. It can be used in the form of a rotating electrode body.
- a flat battery case with a separator interposed therebetween Can be housed and used.
- Non-woven fabrics and microporous membranes are used as separators.
- Polyolefins such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and ethylene-propylene copolymers can be used as the material.
- fluororesin such as tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkoxyethylene copolymer (PFA), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), poly Butylene terephthalate (PBT), polymethylpentene, polyamide, polyimide, aramid, cellulose and the like can also be used.
- the nonwoven fabric and the microporous membrane As the material for the nonwoven fabric and the microporous membrane, only one of the above-described examples may be used, or two or more may be used.
- the nonwoven fabric or microporous membrane used as the separator has a single layer structure composed of the above-mentioned materials, for example, a laminated structure in which a plurality of nonwoven fabrics or microporous membranes composed of different materials are laminated. Can also be used.
- the thickness of the separator may be, for example, 500 ⁇ m or less, preferably 450 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 300 ⁇ m or less, from the viewpoint of suppressing a decrease in the energy density of the battery.
- the thickness may be, for example, 30 ⁇ m or more, preferably 100 ⁇ m or more, and 150 ⁇ m. More preferably.
- the form of the non-aqueous electrolyte primary battery of the present invention is not particularly limited, and various forms such as a flat shape (including a coin shape and a button shape), a laminate shape, and a tubular shape (cylindrical shape, square shape (square tubular shape)) and the like. It can be in the form.
- a metal can having an opening (exterior can) and a lid (sealing plate) may be used in combination.
- a laminate film can be used as an exterior body (battery case) that accommodates the negative electrode, the positive electrode, the separator, and the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- a flat or cylindrical battery can be manufactured by caulking and sealing the outer can and the sealing plate via a gasket, or by welding and sealing the outer can and the sealing plate.
- a laminated battery can be manufactured by stacking two metal laminate films or bending one metal laminate film and pasting and sealing the periphery.
- PP polyphenylene ether
- PES polyarylate
- PES polyethersulfone
- PES PES
- PES PES
- PEEK PEEK
- a heat resistant resin can also be used.
- a glass hermetic seal can be used for the sealing.
- Example 1 Preparation of positive electrode> A positive electrode mixture prepared by mixing manganese dioxide, which is a positive electrode active material, carbon black, which is a conductive auxiliary agent, and PTFE, which is a binder, in a mass ratio of 93: 3: 4, is formed, and has a diameter of 16 mm. A positive electrode (positive electrode mixture molded body) having a thickness of 1.8 mm was obtained.
- LiClO 4 is dissolved at a concentration of 0.5 mol / l in a mixed solvent in which PC and DME are mixed at a volume ratio of 1: 1, and LiB (C 2 O 4 ) 2 in an amount of 1% by mass is added.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte was prepared.
- the ratio of LiB (C 2 O 4 ) 2 was 10 mol%.
- the structure shown in FIG. 1 has a diameter of 20 mm and a height of 3.2 mm.
- a water electrolyte primary battery was assembled.
- FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view schematically showing a non-aqueous electrolyte primary battery of Example 1.
- the positive electrode 2 is an outer can made of stainless steel. 5 is accommodated inside, and the negative electrode 3 is disposed thereon via a separator 4.
- the negative electrode 3 is pressure-bonded to the inner surface of the sealing plate 6 at the surface on the lithium layer (lithium foil) side.
- a lithium-aluminum alloy is formed on the surface of the negative electrode 3 on the separator 4 side.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte (not shown) is injected into the battery 1.
- the outer can 5 also serves as a positive electrode terminal
- the sealing plate 6 also serves as a negative electrode terminal.
- the sealing plate 6 is fitted to the opening of the outer can 5 via an insulating gasket 7 made of PPS, and the opening end of the outer can 5 is tightened inward, whereby the insulating gasket 7 is By contacting the sealing plate 6, the opening of the outer can 5 is sealed, and the inside of the battery has a sealed structure. That is, the non-aqueous electrolyte primary battery 1 is formed of an outer can 5, a sealing plate 6, and an insulating gasket 7 interposed therebetween, and in a sealed battery case, the positive electrode 2, the separator 4, and the negative electrode 3. And a non-aqueous electrolyte solution are accommodated.
- Example 2 A non-aqueous electrolyte was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of LiB (C 2 O 4 ) 2 added was 5% by mass, and the same procedure as in Example 1 was performed except that this non-aqueous electrolyte was used. Thus, a non-aqueous electrolyte primary battery was produced. In the total amount of LiClO 4 and LiB (C 2 O 4 ) 2 , the ratio of LiB (C 2 O 4 ) 2 was 36 mol%.
- Example 1 A non-aqueous electrolyte was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 1,3-propane sultone (PS) was added in an amount of 2% by mass instead of LiB (C 2 O 4 ) 2.
- PS 1,3-propane sultone
- a nonaqueous electrolyte primary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the electrolyte was used.
- Example 1 For the batteries of Example 1, Example 2, and Comparative Example 1, the initial internal resistance and open circuit voltage (OCV) were measured in an environment of 20 ° C. Next, a 15 k ⁇ resistor was connected to each battery after measurement, and 60% of the designed capacity was discharged. Furthermore, each battery with a depth of discharge of 60% was placed in a thermostat adjusted to 120 ° C. and held, and after 323 hours, each battery was taken out and allowed to cool under an environment of 20 ° C. The internal resistance and open circuit voltage (OCV) after high temperature storage were measured.
- OCV open circuit voltage
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the change over time in the ratio of the amount of change with respect to the height immediately after the manufacture of the battery.
- the vertical axis shows the battery swelling ratio and the horizontal axis shows the battery storage time.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte primary batteries of Examples 1 and 2 using a non-aqueous electrolyte containing an appropriate amount of LiB (C 2 O 4 ) 2 are used even when the storage time has elapsed. While the battery swelling was suppressed satisfactorily, the battery of Comparative Example 1 using a non-aqueous electrolyte containing PS instead of LiB (C 2 O 4 ) 2 had a storage time of 203 hours. Around, the amount of swelling of the battery increased rapidly.
- the characteristics of the nonaqueous electrolyte primary batteries of Examples 1 and 2 using a nonaqueous electrolyte containing an appropriate amount of LiB (C 2 O 4 ) 2 are likely to deteriorate during high-temperature storage. Even in a state where the depth of discharge is 40% or more, it was possible to suppress deterioration in battery characteristics under a high temperature environment of 120 ° C.
- Example 3 A nonaqueous electrolytic solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of LiB (C 2 O 4 ) 2 added was 0.5% by mass, and Example 1 was used except that this nonaqueous electrolytic solution was used. Similarly, a non-aqueous electrolyte primary battery was produced. In the total amount of LiClO 4 and LiB (C 2 O 4 ) 2 , the ratio of LiB (C 2 O 4 ) 2 was 6 mol%.
- Example 4 A nonaqueous electrolytic solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of LiB (C 2 O 4 ) 2 added was 2% by mass, and the same procedure as in Example 1 was performed except that this nonaqueous electrolytic solution was used. Thus, a non-aqueous electrolyte primary battery was produced. In the total amount of LiClO 4 and LiB (C 2 O 4 ) 2 , the ratio of LiB (C 2 O 4 ) 2 was 18 mol%.
- Example 5 A non-aqueous electrolyte was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of LiB (C 2 O 4 ) 2 added was 3% by mass, and the same procedure as in Example 1 was performed except that this non-aqueous electrolyte was used. Thus, a non-aqueous electrolyte primary battery was produced. In the total amount of LiClO 4 and LiB (C 2 O 4 ) 2 , the ratio of LiB (C 2 O 4 ) 2 was 25 mol%.
- a 500 ⁇ resistor was connected to each battery after being allowed to stand and cooled in an environment of ⁇ 10 ° C. and discharged, and the closed circuit voltage (CCV) of the battery was measured 5 seconds after the start of discharge.
- CCV closed circuit voltage
- Example 1 a 15 k ⁇ resistor was connected to each battery different from the one used for the measurement, and 40% of the design capacity was discharged.
- the discharge depth Each battery was prepared with 40%. Then, CCV under an environment of ⁇ 10 ° C. was measured in the same manner as described above for the battery having a discharge depth of 40%.
- Example 1 a 15 k ⁇ resistor was connected to each of the batteries different from those used for the measurement, and 80% of the designed capacity was discharged.
- the discharge depth was Each battery was 80%.
- CCV in an environment of ⁇ 10 ° C. was measured in the same manner as described above for a battery having a discharge depth of 80%.
- FIG. 3 shows the results shown in Table 3 in relation to the amount of LiB (C 2 O 4 ) 2 added and the CCV 5 seconds after the start of discharge.
- the content of (C 2 O 4 ) 2 may be 5% by mass or less, and is preferably 3% by mass or less. In particular, when it is 2% by mass or less, since the deterioration of the discharge characteristics when the discharge depth is relatively shallow is almost eliminated, it is more preferably 2% by mass or less.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte primary battery of the present invention has excellent discharge characteristics and excellent reliability in a high-temperature environment. Therefore, taking advantage of these characteristics, an automobile such as a power supply for a pressure sensor inside a tire is used. It can be suitably used for applications that are particularly susceptible to high temperatures, such as applications, and it can also be used for the same applications as those for which conventionally known nonaqueous electrolyte batteries (primary batteries or secondary batteries) are used. Can be applied.
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Abstract
Description
<正極の作製>
正極活物質である二酸化マンガンと、導電助剤であるカーボンブラックと、バインダであるPTFEとを、93:3:4の質量比で混合して調製した正極合剤を成形して、直径16mm、厚み1.8mmの正極(正極合剤成形体)を得た。
厚みが0.6mmのリチウム箔の片面に、厚みが0.01μmのアルミニウム箔を圧着し、これを直径16mmの円形に打ち抜いて、負極用積層体を得た。
PCとDMEとを、体積比1:1で混合した混合溶媒に、LiClO4を0.5mol/lの濃度で溶解させ、更に1質量%となる量のLiB(C2O4)2を添加して、非水電解液を調製した。LiClO4とLiB(C2O4)2との総量中、LiB(C2O4)2の割合は10mol%であった。
前記の正極と負極用積層体と非水電解液とを使用し、セパレータにPPS製の不織布(厚み170μm)を使用して、図1に示す構造で、直径20mm、高さ3.2mmの非水電解液一次電池を組み立てた。
LiB(C2O4)2の添加量を5質量%とした以外は実施例1と同様にして非水電解液を調製し、この非水電解液を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして非水電解液一次電池を作製した。LiClO4とLiB(C2O4)2との総量中、LiB(C2O4)2の割合は36mol%であった。
LiB(C2O4)2に代えて1,3-プロパンスルトン(PS)を2質量%となる量で添加した以外は実施例1と同様にして非水電解液を調製し、この非水電解液を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして非水電解液一次電池を作製した。
実施例1、実施例2および比較例1の非水電解液一次電池について、15kΩの抵抗を接続して、正極容量に対する放電深度が60%になるまで放電を行った。放電後の各電池を120℃に調整した恒温槽内に入れ、表1に示す時間ごとに各電池の高さを測定し、電池製造直後の高さ(3.2mm)からの変化量(電池膨れ量)を求めた。
実施例1、実施例2および比較例1の非水電解液一次電池について、下記の条件で、放電深度が60%の電池に対する高温貯蔵後の電池特性の評価を行った。
LiB(C2O4)2の添加量を0.5質量%とした以外は実施例1と同様にして非水電解液を調製し、この非水電解液を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして非水電解液一次電池を作製した。LiClO4とLiB(C2O4)2との総量中、LiB(C2O4)2の割合は6mol%であった。
LiB(C2O4)2の添加量を2質量%とした以外は実施例1と同様にして非水電解液を調製し、この非水電解液を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして非水電解液一次電池を作製した。LiClO4とLiB(C2O4)2との総量中、LiB(C2O4)2の割合は18mol%であった。
LiB(C2O4)2の添加量を3質量%とした以外は実施例1と同様にして非水電解液を調製し、この非水電解液を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして非水電解液一次電池を作製した。LiClO4とLiB(C2O4)2との総量中、LiB(C2O4)2の割合は25mol%であった。
実施例1および実施例3~5の非水電解液一次電池について、下記の条件で、-10℃での放電特性の評価を行った。
2 正極
3 負極
4 セパレータ
5 外装缶
6 封口板
7 絶縁ガスケット
Claims (6)
- 金属リチウムまたはリチウム合金を有する負極、正極、セパレータおよび非水電解液を有する非水電解液一次電池であって、
前記非水電解液は、少なくともLiClO4を電解質として含有し、かつ、LiB(C2O4)2を0.1~5質量%含有することを特徴とする非水電解液一次電池。 - 前記非水電解液中のLiClO4の含有量が、0.3~1mol/lである請求項1に記載の非水電解液一次電池。
- 前記非水電解液におけるLiClO4とLiB(C2O4)2との総量中、LiB(C2O4)2の割合が3~20mol%である請求項1または2に記載の非水電解液一次電池。
- 金属リチウムまたはリチウム合金を有する負極、正極、セパレータおよび非水電解液を外装体内部に収容する非水電解液一次電池の製造方法であって、
電解質として少なくともLiClO4を含有し、かつ、LiB(C2O4)2を0.1~5質量%含有する非水電解液を用いることを特徴とする非水電解液一次電池の製造方法。 - 前記非水電解液中のLiClO4の含有量が、0.3~1mol/lである請求項4に記載の非水電解液一次電池の製造方法。
- 前記非水電解液におけるLiClO4とLiB(C2O4)2との総量中、LiB(C2O4)2の割合が3~20mol%である請求項4または5に記載の非水電解液一次電池の製造方法。
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