WO2016117950A1 - 출력특성이 향상된 리튬이차전지 - Google Patents
출력특성이 향상된 리튬이차전지 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/40—Alloys based on alkali metals
- H01M4/405—Alloys based on lithium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a negative electrode using lithium titanium oxide (LTO) as a negative electrode active material and a secondary battery including the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to a lithium secondary battery in which the output characteristics of the battery are improved by optimizing the porosity ratio of LTO.
- LTO lithium titanium oxide
- Lithium titanium oxide is expected as a negative electrode active material having high input / output characteristics.
- Spinel Lithium Titanium Oxide a representative oxide in which lithium insertion and desorption occurs while maintaining a crystal structure, was first known in 1971, and thus has excellent electrode ions because of excellent mobility of lithium ions and no structural change in materials during charge and discharge. It has been the subject of much interest as a mass storage material.
- Lithium secondary batteries including lithium titanium oxide as a negative electrode active material have a relatively high oxidation / reduction potential of about 1.5V relative to the potential of Li / Li +, with little decomposition of the electrolyte, and cycle characteristics due to stability of the crystal structure. great.
- lithium titanium oxide has a disadvantage in that the capacity per unit weight is small and the energy density is low.
- a negative electrode material comprising a carbonaceous material and lithium titanium oxide.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 1998-069922 discloses a negative electrode in which lithium titanium composite oxide is added as a main active material and an active material material having a low oxidation / reduction potential as a secondary active material.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-278282 discloses a technique of adding a spinel structure lithium titanate as a negative electrode active material and a carbon material as a conductive material.
- the negative electrode materials using lithium titanium oxide as the main active material do not solve the problem of low capacity and low energy density of lithium titanium oxide. Accordingly, there is a high demand for a negative electrode material having a low internal resistance, high electrical conductivity, and excellent output characteristics while supplementing disadvantages of lithium titanium oxide.
- other objects and advantages of the present invention will be understood by the following description.
- the present invention is to solve the above problems, and relates to a lithium secondary battery electrode comprising lithium titanium oxide as an electrode active material.
- the electrode includes a current collector and a negative electrode active material layer formed on at least one side of the current collector, wherein the negative electrode active material layer is lithium represented by Formula 1 as a negative electrode active material Titanium oxide.
- M is one or a mixture of two or more selected from the group consisting of Zr, B, Sn, S, Be, Ge, and Zn, and 0.5 ⁇ x ⁇ 3, 1 ⁇ y ⁇ 5, and 2 ⁇ z ⁇ 12 , 0 ⁇ w ⁇ 0.1.
- the negative electrode active material includes secondary particles in which primary particles of lithium titanium oxide (LTO) are aggregated, and the negative electrode active material layer has a plurality of pores,
- the volume of the meso pores having a pore length of 0.1 ⁇ m or more among 100 vol% of the total pores present in the negative electrode active material layer is 10 vol% to 50 vol%.
- the mesopores comprise primary pores and / or secondary pores, wherein the primary pores are formed on the surface and body of the primary particle.
- the pores are formed, and the secondary pores are pores formed between adjacent primary particles and / or secondary particles.
- the negative electrode active material layer may include 50 vol% or more of secondary pores relative to 100 vol% of the meso pores.
- the anode active material layer has a porosity of 40% to 60%.
- the lithium titanium oxide represented by Chemical Formula 1 is Li 0 . 8 Ti 2 . 2 O 4 , Li 2 . 67 Ti 1 . 33 O 4 , Li 1.33 Ti 1.67 O 4 , Li 1 . 14 Ti 1 . 71 O 4 , And Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , Li 2 TiO 3 It includes one or a mixture of two or more selected from the group consisting of.
- the lithium titanium oxide primary particles may have a particle diameter (D 50 ) of 0.01 ⁇ m to 1 ⁇ m.
- the lithium titanium oxide secondary particles may have a particle diameter (D 50 ) of 2 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m.
- the lithium titanium oxide primary particles are porous particles having a plurality of pores formed on the surface and the body of the particle.
- the lithium titanium oxide secondary particles are porous particles having a plurality of pores formed on the surface and the body of the particle.
- the pores of the negative electrode active material layer are pores formed on the surface and the body of the primary particles, pores formed between the primary particles, primary particles And pores formed between secondary particles and pores formed between secondary particles.
- the amount of lithium carbonate is 2 wt% or less relative to 100 wt% of total lithium titanium oxide.
- the lithium titanium oxide has an average crystallite size of 800 1 to 1300 X in X-ray diffraction measurement.
- the lithium secondary battery includes a negative electrode according to any one of the first to thirteenth aspects having the above-described characteristics.
- the lithium secondary battery including the lithium titanium oxide negative electrode active material according to the present invention has an effect of maximizing the output active density by maximizing a reactive active site with the electrolyte due to the porous structure of the electrode active material layer.
- FIG 1 shows an SEM image of lithium titanium oxide primary particles according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating a discharge resistance value according to SOC of a battery manufactured in Examples and Comparative Examples of the present invention.
- the present invention proposes a range that can appropriately set the volume of the pores in the negative electrode active material layer.
- primary pores is defined as referring to pores or voids formed on the surface of the primary particles and the particle body.
- the primary pores may be connected to one or more other primary pores adjacent to each other and serve as a movement path of lithium ions, electrons, and / or electrolytes.
- secondary pores is defined as referring to pores or voids formed between two or more particles in contact with each other.
- the pores or voids may be formed between the primary particles and between the secondary particles, and may be formed between the primary particles and the secondary particles.
- the secondary pores may be connected to adjacent one or more other primary pores and / or secondary pores to serve as a movement passage of lithium ions, electrons and / or electrolytes.
- pores or voids without particular indication is to collectively refer to primary pores or voids and secondary pores or voids.
- the present invention relates to a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery including lithium titanium oxide (LTO) as a negative electrode active material, and a lithium secondary battery including the negative electrode, wherein the volume of mesopores having a long diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m or more is negative. It is characterized by satisfying a certain range.
- LTO lithium titanium oxide
- the negative electrode includes a current collector and a negative electrode active material layer formed on at least one side of the current collector, the negative electrode active material layer is a lithium titanium oxide represented by the formula (1) as a negative electrode active material (LTO).
- LTO negative electrode active material
- M is one or a mixture of two or more selected from the group consisting of Zr, B, Sn, S, Be, Ge, and Zn, and 0.5 ⁇ x ⁇ 3, 1 ⁇ y ⁇ 5, and 2 ⁇ z ⁇ 12 , 0 ⁇ w ⁇ 0.1.
- the lithium titanium oxide is, for example Li 0 . 8 Ti 2 . 2 O 4 , Li 2 . 67 Ti 1 . 33 O 4 , Li 1.33 Ti 1.67 O 4 , Li 1 . 14 Ti 1 . 71 O 4 , And Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , Li 2 TiO 3 Etc., but is not limited thereto. More specifically, it may be Li 1.33 Ti 1.67 O 4 or LiTi 2 O 4 having a low spinel structure change and excellent spinel structure.
- the negative electrode active material layer includes LTO secondary particles
- the LTO secondary particles may be formed by the aggregation of a plurality of LTO primary particles.
- the primary particles are D 50 , which is a volume-based particle size distribution, of 0.01 ⁇ m to 1 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.05 ⁇ m to 0.8 ⁇ m.
- the secondary particles have a volume-based particle size distribution D 50 of 2 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, more preferably 2 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m.
- the volume-based particle size distribution D 50 refers to the particle size of the particles corresponding to 50% of the total volume when the volume is accumulated from the small particles.
- the primary particles and or secondary particles have the form of a spherical or pseudo-spherical.
- the pseudo-spherical is a three-dimensional volume including an ellipse, and includes all types of particles, such as amorphous, whose shape cannot be specified.
- the negative electrode active material layer is a porous structure in which a plurality of pores exist, such a porous structure is characterized by the shape of the various LTO particles, for example, as described below It may result from one or more of them.
- the LTO secondary particles have a porous structure in which a plurality of pores are formed on the surface and the body of the secondary particles by a plurality of pores formed between the aggregated primary particles.
- the LTO particles are secondary particles of at least 50% by weight, or at least 60% by weight, or at least 70% by weight, or at least 80% by weight, or 90% by weight relative to 100% by weight of LTO Or 95% by weight or more, or 99% by weight or more.
- the LTO particles may contain a small amount of unaggregated glass primary particles, but are preferably secondary particles.
- the LTO primary particles have a porous structure in which a plurality of primary pores are formed on the surface and inside of the particle body.
- the pores may be connected to one or more other adjacent pores to function as a passage of the electrolyte. Therefore, the pores formed inside the particles and connected to each other may function as a movement passage of the electrolyte.
- the pores formed between the two particles in contact by contacting the LTO secondary particles with other secondary particles or primary particles contained in adjacent other secondary particles may affect the porous properties of the negative electrode active material layer.
- LTO has a three-dimensional Li diffusion path with a spinel structure, which is advantageous for implementing fast charging and high power characteristics.
- it has the characteristic of maintaining the original crystal structure during charging and discharging, so it has excellent structural stability and has a relatively high reaction potential ( ⁇ 1.5V), thereby avoiding the exothermic reaction that occurs when SEI is decomposed without SEI being thermally stable.
- ⁇ 1.5V relatively high reaction potential
- LTO cathode There is a side.
- LTO has a discharge voltage of 1V or more lower than that of a conventional graphite battery, which has a capacity of about 40% smaller than that of a graphite cathode, and has a slow ion diffusion rate.
- the LTO particles are made smaller than 1 ⁇ m, but in this case, the specific surface area is large, and a large amount of binder is required and dispersion is difficult. Accordingly, secondary particles in which primary particles are aggregated have been proposed. However, the size and distribution of the pores inside the particles is nonuniform, resulting in an insufficient or insufficient electrolyte solution and a non-uniformity in the utilization of the active material. Accordingly, the present invention provides an anode having improved input / output characteristics by optimizing LTO particle size, pore size, and ratio.
- the negative electrode according to the present invention is that the volume of the meso pores having a pore diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m or more of the total pore 100 vol% present in the negative electrode active material layer is 10vol% to 50vol%. If the volume of the mesopores does not reach the above range, the volume of the pores is so small that ion and / or electron conduction is not smooth and the electrolyte impregnation efficiency is low. In addition, since the number of dissociated Li ions around the LTO primary particles decreases, output characteristics relative to the capacity according to the active material may decrease.
- the porosity of the negative electrode is excessively high, so that the loading amount of the active material is not sufficient relative to the area of the negative electrode, or the distance between the active material particles is low, the energy density is lowered, and the output characteristic is lowered, and the conductivity may be lowered.
- the mesopores are primary pores and / or secondary pores, preferably secondary pores. More preferably, the secondary pores are 50 vol% or more, or 75 vol% or more with respect to 100 vol% of the mesopores.
- the LTO primary particles and / or secondary particles have a pore volume of 0.01 cm 3 / g to 1 cm 3 / g, preferably 0.1 cm 3 / g to 1 cm 3 / g, more preferably Preferably from 0.5 cm 3 / g to 1 cm 3 / g.
- the average crystallite size of the X-ray diffraction measurement in the LTO is 500 kV to 1500 mV, preferably 800 mV to 1300 mV. If the average crystallite size is less than 500 kW, an electrolyte side reaction may increase. If the average crystallite size is less than 500 kW, the output characteristic of the battery may decrease.
- the LTO primary particles and / or secondary particles are the amount of lithium carbonate as a by-product of the production of 2% by weight or less, or 1% by weight, or 0.5% by weight or 0.1% by weight, Or 0.05% by weight or less.
- the negative electrode active material layer has a porosity of 40% to 60%. Preferably it is 40%.
- the porosity refers to the ratio of the volume of the pore to the volume of the negative electrode active material layer, using a percentage as a unit.
- the volume measurement of the pores of the negative electrode active material layer and the LTO particles may use a pore distribution measuring method such as porosimeters such as mercury porosimetry or a gas adsorption method such as BET.
- a pore distribution measuring method such as porosimeters such as mercury porosimetry or a gas adsorption method such as BET.
- porosimeters such as mercury porosimetry
- BET gas adsorption method
- the lithium titanium oxide particles may be prepared by a method such as corprecipitation, sol-gel, or hydrothermal, which is a liquid phase synthesis method, but is not limited thereto. If it is possible to produce lithium titanium oxide particles having the properties of the present invention is not limited to a specific manufacturing method.
- the LTO secondary particles are prepared by producing a LTO primary particles and by a separate granulation process or by producing a primary particle through one process and at the same time the primary particles Secondary particles can be produced by the method of agglomeration.
- the LTO secondary particles are prepared by producing a LTO primary particles and by a separate granulation process or by producing a primary particle through one process and at the same time the primary particles Secondary particles can be produced by the method of agglomeration.
- the LTO secondary particles include a) a source material of titanium (Ti) and at least one element selected from the group consisting of Zr, B, Sn, S, Be, Ge and Zn. Wet milling the material to form a primary particle precursor, b) spray drying the primary particle precursor to form a secondary particle precursor, c) applying a lithium (Li) source material to the secondary particle precursor. Adding and dry mixing, and d) calcining the secondary particle precursor.
- the secondary particle precursor may be formed by supplying the primary particle precursor to the chamber provided in the spray drying equipment and spray drying the same.
- the primary particle precursor may be sprayed through a disk rotating at high speed in the chamber, and spraying and drying may be performed in the same chamber.
- spray drying conditions for example, the flow rate of the carrier gas, the residence time in the reactor, the internal pressure, and the like, may be appropriately controlled in order to realize the desired average particle diameter and internal porosity of the negative electrode active material particles.
- the spray drying equipment may be used spray drying equipment commonly used, for example, ultrasonic spray drying device, air nozzle spray drying device, ultrasonic nozzle spray drying device, filter expansion droplet generator or electrostatic spray drying device May be used, but is not limited thereto.
- the firing may be carried out at a temperature of 450 °C to 600 °C.
- the negative electrode active material layer may further include a binder resin and a conductive material.
- the negative electrode active material layer may include a negative electrode active material: conductive material: binder resin in a weight ratio of 80 to 90: 7 to 13: 3 to 9.
- the negative electrode active material layer may further include any one or two or more active materials selected from the group consisting of a carbon-based material, a transition metal oxide, a Si-based, and a Sn-based commonly used as a negative electrode active material in addition to the LTO as a negative electrode active material. can do.
- binder resin examples include polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoro, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene
- PVDF Polyvinylidenefloride
- CMC carboxymethylcellulose
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- PVB polyvinyl butyral
- PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone
- SBR styrene butadiene rubber
- polyamide-imide polyimide, and the like
- the conductive material is not particularly limited as long as it is an electronic conductive material that does not cause chemical change, and examples thereof include natural graphite, artificial graphite, carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, super-P black, carbon fiber, copper, Metal powders such as nickel, aluminum, silver, or metal fibers.
- the negative electrode may be prepared according to the following method. First, the negative electrode active material, the binder resin and the conductive material are dispersed in an organic solvent such as ethanol (EtOH), acetone, isopropyl alcohol, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), propylene glycol (PG) or a suitable solvent such as water.
- EtOH ethanol
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
- PG propylene glycol
- a negative electrode slurry may be prepared and pressed to form an electrode, or the slurry may be coated on a metal foil to form an electrode, or the negative electrode composition may be pushed with a roller to form a sheet and attached to a metal foil to form an electrode.
- the negative electrode slurry can be molded by pressing using a roll press molding machine.
- Roll press molding machine aims to improve electrode density and control electrode thickness by rolling, controller to control top and bottom roll and roll thickness and heating temperature, winding to release and wind electrode It consists of wealth.
- the pressurization pressure of a press is 5-20 ton / cm ⁇ 2>, and the temperature of a roll shall be 0-150 degreeC.
- the slurry that has been subjected to the press crimping process as described above is subjected to a drying process.
- the drying process is carried out at a temperature of 100 ° C to 350 ° C, preferably 150 ° C to 300 ° C.
- drying temperature is 100 degreeC or more and does not exceed 350 degreeC.
- the drying process is preferably carried out for about 10 minutes to 6 hours at the above temperature. This drying process improves the strength of the negative electrode by binding the powder particles while drying (solvent evaporation) the molded negative electrode composition.
- the present invention provides a lithium ion secondary battery or a hybrid supercapacitor comprising a negative electrode prepared as described above.
- the lithium ion secondary battery is typically composed of a unit cell including a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and a separator and an electrolyte interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the present invention provides a negative electrode or a hybrid supercapacitor of a lithium ion battery including the negative electrode prepared as described above.
- a unit cell including a negative electrode, a separator, and a positive electrode is basically composed of at least one or more unit cells.
- the positive electrode may include a lithium-containing transition metal oxide as a positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode may include a lithium-containing transition metal oxide as a positive electrode active material.
- the high voltage positive electrode includes one or more selected from lithium nickel-manganese-cobalt composite oxide, lithium manganese oxide, and lithium manganese metal composite oxide, which have a spinel structure which is a high potential oxide as a cathode active material.
- the separator typically has the form of a porous membrane having a plurality of pores.
- a porous separator is not particularly limited and may be prepared in the form of a film, nonwoven fabric or woven fabric according to conventional methods known in the art.
- Non-limiting examples of the separator is polyethylene (polyethylene), polypropylene (polypropylene), polyethylene terephthalate (polyethyleneterephthalate), polybutylene terephthalate (polybutyleneterephthalate), polyester (polyester), polyacetal (polyacetal), polyamide ( polyamide, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyetheretherketone, polyaryletherketone, polyetherimide, polyamideimide, polybenzimidazole any one selected from the group consisting of polybenzimidazole, polyethersulfone, polyphenyleneoxide, cyclic olefin copolymer, polyphenylenesulfide and polyethylenenaphthalene Polymers or mixtures of two or more thereof
- the porous separator may further include a porous coating layer including inorganic particles and a binder as known in the art.
- the inorganic particles are selected from the group consisting of inorganic particles having a dielectric constant of about 5 or more, inorganic particles having a lithium ion transfer ability, and mixtures thereof.
- the binder is polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyacrylic acid (PAA, polyacrylic acid), polyethylene glycol (PEG, polyethylene glycol), polypropylene glycol (PPG, polypropylene glycol), toluene diisocyanate (TDI), Polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylacetate, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (polyethylene-co-vinyl acetate), polyethylene oxide (polyethylene oxide), unit cellulose acetate, unit cellulose acetate butyrate, unit cellulose acetate propionate, cyanoethylpullulan, cyanoethyl polyvinyl Alcohol (cyanoethylpolyvinylalcohol), cyanoethyl unit cellulose (c yanoethyl cellulose, cyanoethyl sucrose, pullulan, carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC), acryl
- Electrolyte that may be used in the present invention is A + B - comprises a structure of the salt, such as.
- a + includes ions consisting of alkali metal cations such as Li + , Na + , K + or a combination thereof, preferably Li + ions.
- B - is F -, Cl -, Br - , I -, NO 3 -, BF 4 -, PF 6 -, N (CN) 2 -, SCN, ClO 4 -, AsF 6 -, CF 3 SO 3 -, (CF 3 SO 2) 2 - , C (CF 2 SO 2) 3 -, (CF 3) 3 PF 3 -, (CF 3) 4PF 2 -, (CF 3) 5 PF -, (CF 3) 6 P -, (CF 3 CF 2 SO 2 -) 2 N, (CF 3 SO 2) 2 N -, CF 3 SO 3 -, CF 3 CF 2 (CF 3) 2 CO -, (CF 3 SO 2) 2 CH -, (CF 3 SO 2) 3 C -, CF 3 (CF 2) 7 SO 3 -, CF 3 CO 2 -, CH 3 CO 2 - as the anion or the like Ions consisting of a combination of these.
- the salt of this A + B - structure is
- Such salts of the A + B - structure are dissolved or dissociated in an organic solvent.
- organic solvents include, but are not limited to, propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), dipropyl carbonate (DPC), dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile, dimethoxy Ethane, diethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), ethylmethylcarbonate (EMC), gamma butyrolactone ( ⁇ -butyrolactone) or mixtures thereof .
- PC propylene carbonate
- EC ethylene carbonate
- DEC diethyl carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- DPC dipropyl carbonate
- dimethyl sulfoxide acetonitrile, dimethoxy Ethane, diethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, N-
- the present invention also provides a battery module including the lithium ion secondary battery as a unit cell and a battery pack including the battery module.
- the battery pack may be used as a power source for devices requiring high temperature stability, long cycle characteristics, high rate characteristics, and the like.
- Specific examples of the device include a power tool moving by being driven by an electric motor; Electric vehicles including electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), and the like; Electric motorcycles including electric bicycles (E-bikes) and electric scooters (Escooters); Electric golf carts; Power storage systems and the like, but is not limited thereto.
- LTO Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 in the form of secondary particles was prepared.
- the pore volume of the prepared LTO particles was 0.1cm 3 / g, the ratio of mesopores was 25vol%, the ratio of the pore volume and mesopores of the LTO was measured using a mercury intrusion porosimetry.
- the prepared LTO, carbon black (Super P) and PVdF were mixed in a weight ratio of 84: 6: 10, and they were mixed with a solvent, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, to prepare a slurry.
- the prepared slurry was coated on one surface of a copper current collector, dried and rolled, and then punched to a predetermined size to prepare a negative electrode.
- Cathode loading amount was set to 1.1mAh / cm 2.
- LiNi 0 . 4 Mn 0 . 3 Co 0 . 3 O 2 Encablack and PVdF were mixed in a weight ratio of 91: 3.5: 5.5 and added to NMP to make a slurry.
- the slurry was coated on aluminum foil, rolled and dried to prepare a positive electrode.
- As the electrolyte ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate were mixed in a volume ratio of 30:70, and LiPF 6 was added to prepare a 1M LiPF 6 nonaqueous electrolyte.
- a pouch type monocell was prepared by injecting the electrolyte solution through a porous polyethylene separator between the cathode and the anode.
- LTO Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 in the form of secondary particles was prepared.
- the pore volume of the prepared LTO particles was 0.1cm 3 / g, the ratio of mesopores was 8vol%, and the ratio of the pore volume and the mesopores of the LTO was measured using a mercury porosimetry.
- the prepared LTO particles, carbon black (Super P) and PVdF were mixed in a weight ratio of 84: 6: 10, and they were mixed with a solvent, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, to prepare a slurry.
- the prepared slurry was coated on one surface of a copper current collector, dried and rolled, and then punched to a predetermined size to prepare a negative electrode.
- Example 2 and Comparative Example were similar to the negative electrode loading, but the battery according to the Example was confirmed that the output is superior to the Comparative Example.
Abstract
Description
Claims (13)
- 집전체 및 상기 집전체의 적어도 일측면상에 형성되는 음극 활물질층을 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지용 음극에 있어서,상기 음극 활물질층은 음극 활물질로서 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 리튬 티타늄 옥사이드를 포함하고,상기 음극 활물질은 리튬 티타늄 옥사이드(LTO)의 1차 입자가 응집된 2차 입자들을 포함하고,상기 음극 활물질층은 다수의 기공들이 존재하며,상기 음극 활물질층에 존재하는 전체 기공 100vol% 중 기공의 장경이 0.1 ㎛이상인 메조 기공의 부피가 10vol% 내지 50vol%인, 리튬 이차 전지용 음극:[화학식 1]LixTiyOzMw상기 화학식 1에서 M은 Zr, B, Sn, S, Be, Ge 및 Zn으로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 1종 또는 2종 이상의 혼합물이고, 0.5≤x≤5, 1≤y≤5, 2≤z≤12, 0≤w<0.1 이다.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 메조 기공은 1차 기공 및/또는 2차 기공을 포함하며, 여기에서 상기 1차 기공은 1차 입자의 표면 및 몸체에 형성된 기공이고, 상기 2차 기공은 인접한 1차 입자 및/또는 2차 입자간 형성된 기공인 것인, 리튬 이차 전지용 음극.
- 제2항에 있어서,상기 음극 활물질층은 상기 메조 기공 100vol% 대비 2차 기공이 50vol% 이상 포함되는 것인, 리튬 이차 전지용 음극.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 음극 활물질층은 기공도가 40% 내지 60%인 것인, 리튬 이차 전지용 음극.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 화학식 1로 표시되는 리튬 티타늄 옥사이드는 Li0 . 8Ti2 . 2O4, Li2 . 67Ti1 . 33O4, Li1.33Ti1.67O4, Li1 . 14Ti1 . 71O4, 및 Li4Ti5O12, Li2TiO3 로 이루어진 그룹에서 선택된 1종 이상인 것인, 리튬 이차 전지용 음극.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 리튬 티타늄 옥사이드 1차 입자는 입경(D50)이 0.01㎛ 내지 1㎛인 것인, 리튬 이차 전지용 음극.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 리튬 티타늄 옥사이드 2차 입자는 입경(D50)이 2㎛ 내지 20㎛인 것인, 리튬 이차 전지용 음극.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 리튬 티타늄 옥사이드 1차 입자는 입자의 표면 및 몸체에 복수의 기공들이 형성된 다공성 입자인 것인, 리튬 이차 전지용 음극.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 리튬 티타늄 옥사이드 2차 입자는 입자의 표면 및 몸체에 복수의 기공들이형성된 다공성 입자인 것인, 리튬 이차 전지용 음극.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 음극 활물질층의 기공은 1차 입자의 표면 및 몸체에 형성된 기공, 1차 입자간 기공 형성된 기공, 1차 입자와 2차 입자간 형성된 기공 및 2차 입자간 형성된 기공을 포함하는 것인, 리튬 이차 전지용 음극.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 음극 활물질은 탄산 리튬의 양이 총 리튬 티타늄 옥사이드 100중량% 대비 2중량% 이하인 것인, 리튬 이차 전지용 음극.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 리튬 티타늄 옥사이드는 X선 회절 측정 평균 결정자 크기가 800Å 내지 1300Å인 것인, 리튬 이차 전지용 음극.
- 제1항 내지 제12항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 음극을 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지.
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