JP2018504767A - 出力特性が向上したリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
出力特性が向上したリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2018504767A JP2018504767A JP2017555196A JP2017555196A JP2018504767A JP 2018504767 A JP2018504767 A JP 2018504767A JP 2017555196 A JP2017555196 A JP 2017555196A JP 2017555196 A JP2017555196 A JP 2017555196A JP 2018504767 A JP2018504767 A JP 2018504767A
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- Prior art keywords
- negative electrode
- pores
- lithium
- particles
- active material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- FDLZQPXZHIFURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Ti+4].[Li+] Chemical compound [O-2].[Ti+4].[Li+] FDLZQPXZHIFURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 78
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910009109 Li1.33Ti1.67O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910018720 Li0.8 Ti2.2 O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910011957 Li2.67Ti1.33O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 21
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- -1 Nickel metal hydride Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 9
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 5
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000001731 2-cyanoethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C#N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910012578 LiNi0.4Mn0.3Co0.3O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004962 Polyamide-imide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004373 Pullulan Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001218 Pullulan Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011267 electrode slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- SWAIALBIBWIKKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium titanium Chemical compound [Li].[Ti] SWAIALBIBWIKKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002312 polyamide-imide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019423 pullulan Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XCKPLVGWGCWOMD-YYEYMFTQSA-N 3-[[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-6-[(2s,3s,4r,5r)-3,4-bis(2-cyanoethoxy)-2,5-bis(2-cyanoethoxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-3,4,5-tris(2-cyanoethoxy)oxan-2-yl]methoxy]propanenitrile Chemical compound N#CCCO[C@H]1[C@H](OCCC#N)[C@@H](COCCC#N)O[C@@]1(COCCC#N)O[C@@H]1[C@H](OCCC#N)[C@@H](OCCC#N)[C@H](OCCC#N)[C@@H](COCCC#N)O1 XCKPLVGWGCWOMD-YYEYMFTQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017008 AsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920008347 Cellulose acetate propionate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910020366 ClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018871 CoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920008712 Copo Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000089 Cyclic olefin copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004713 Cyclic olefin copolymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004174 Li1.14Ti1.71O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012465 LiTi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930182556 Polyacetal Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004693 Polybenzimidazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004697 Polyetherimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004734 Polyphenylene sulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000156302 Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus Species 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Mn] Chemical compound [Li].[Mn] KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SOXUFMZTHZXOGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Mn].[Co].[Ni] Chemical group [Li].[Mn].[Co].[Ni] SOXUFMZTHZXOGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004931 aggregating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006217 cellulose acetate butyrate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007580 dry-mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003207 poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005569 poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006260 polyaryletherketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002480 polybenzimidazole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001601 polyetherimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011112 polyethylene naphthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006380 polyphenylene oxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003346 selenoethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000935 solvent evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/40—Alloys based on alkali metals
- H01M4/405—Alloys based on lithium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
Description
[化1]
LixTiyOzMw
化学式1において、MはZr、B、Sn、S、Be、Ge及びZnからなる群より選択された1種または2種以上の混合物であり、ここで、0.5≦x≦3、1≦y≦5、2≦z≦12、0≦w<0.1である。
[化1]
LixTiyOzMw
化学式1において、MはZr、B、Sn、S、Be、Ge及びZnからなる群より選択された1種または2種以上の混合物であり、ここで、0.5≦x≦3、1≦y≦5、2≦z≦12、0≦w<0.1である。
2次粒子形態のLTO(Li4Ti5O12)を用意した。用意したLTO粒子の気孔体積は0.1cm3/g、メゾ気孔の比率は25体積%であった。LTOの気孔体積とメゾ気孔の比率は水銀圧入ポロシメータを用いて測定した。用意したLTO、カーボンブラック(Super−P)及びPVdFを84:6:10の重量比で混合し、これらを溶媒であるN‐メチル‐2‐ピロリドンに混合してスラリーを製造した。製造されたスラリーを銅集電体の一面にコーティングし、乾燥及び圧延した後、一定の大きさに打ち抜いて負極を製造した。負極のローディング量は1.1mAh/cm2にした。次いで、LiNi0.4Mn0.3Co0.3O2、デンカブラック及びPVdFを91:3.5:5.5の重量比で混合し、これをNMPに添加してスラリーを製造した。前記スラリーをアルミニウムホイル上にコーティングし、圧延及び乾燥して正極を製造した。電解液としては、エチレンカーボネート及びジエチルカーボネートを30:70の体積比で混合し、LiPF6を添加して1M LiPF6非水電解液を製造した。前記負極と正極との間に多孔性ポリエチレン分離膜を介在し、前記電解液を注入してパウチ型モノセルを製造した。
2次粒子形態のLTO(Li4Ti5O12)を用意した。用意したLTO粒子の気孔体積は0.1cm3/g、メゾ気孔の比率は8体積%であった。LTOの気孔体積とメゾ気孔の比率は水銀圧入ポロシメータを用いて測定した。用意したLTO粒子、カーボンブラック(Super−P)及びPVdFを84:6:10の重量比で混合し、これらを溶媒であるN‐メチル‐2‐ピロリドンに混合してスラリーを製造した。製造されたスラリーを銅集電体の一面にコーティングし、乾燥及び圧延した後、一定の大きさに打ち抜いて負極を製造した。次いで、LiNi0.4Mn0.3Co0.3O2、デンカブラック及びPVdFを91:3.5:5.5の重量比で混合し、これをNMPに添加してスラリーを製造した。前記スラリーをアルミニウムホイル上に1mAh/cm2のローディング量でコーティングし、圧延及び乾燥して正極を製造した。電解液としては、エチレンカーボネート及びジエチルカーボネートを30:70の体積比で混合し、LiPF6を添加して1M LiPF6非水電解液を製造した。前記負極と正極との間に多孔性ポリエチレン分離膜を介在し、前記電解液を注入してパウチ型モノセルを製造した。
実施例及び比較例で製造した電池を、充電終止電圧を2.5V、放電終止電圧を1.0Vにして各SOC毎に10Cで10秒間放電抵抗を測定した。図2に示されたように、実施例2と比較例とは負極ローディング量が類似するが、実施例による電池が比較例に比べて出力に優れたことが確認できる。
Claims (13)
- 集電体及び前記集電体の少なくとも一面上に形成される負極活物質層を含むリチウム二次電池用負極において、
前記負極活物質層が、負極活物質として下記化学式1で表されるリチウムチタン酸化物を含み、
前記負極活物質が、リチウムチタン酸化物(LTO)の1次粒子が凝集した2次粒子を含み、
前記負極活物質層には多数の気孔が存在し、
前記負極活物質層に存在する全体気孔100体積%のうち気孔の長径が0.1μm以上であるメゾ気孔の体積が、10体積%〜50体積%である、リチウム二次電池用負極。
[化1]
LixTiyOzMw
化学式1において、MはZr、B、Sn、S、Be、Ge及びZnからなる群より選択された1種または2種以上の混合物であり、0.5≦x≦5、1≦y≦5、2≦z≦12、0≦w<0.1である。 - 前記メゾ気孔は、1次気孔及び/または2次気孔を含み、前記1次気孔は1次粒子の表面及び粒子体に形成された気孔であり、前記2次気孔は隣接した1次粒子及び/または2次粒子の間に形成された気孔である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極。
- 前記負極活物質層は、前記メゾ気孔100体積%に対して2次気孔が50体積%以上含まれる、請求項2に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極。
- 前記負極活物質層の気孔度が40%〜60%である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極。
- 前記化学式1で表されるリチウムチタン酸化物は、Li0.8Ti2.2O4、Li2.67Ti1.33O4、Li1.33Ti1.67O4、Li1.14Ti1.71O4、Li4Ti5O12、及びLi2TiO3からなる群より選択された1種以上である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極。
- 前記リチウムチタン酸化物の1次粒子は、粒径(D50)が0.01μm〜1μmである、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極。
- 前記リチウムチタン酸化物の2次粒子は、粒径(D50)が2μm〜20μmである、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極。
- 前記リチウムチタン酸化物の1次粒子は、粒子の表面及び粒子体に複数の気孔が形成された多孔性粒子である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極。
- 前記リチウムチタン酸化物の2次粒子は、粒子の表面及び粒子体に複数の気孔が形成された多孔性粒子である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極。
- 前記負極活物質層の気孔は、1次粒子の表面及び粒子体に形成された気孔、1次粒子同士の間に形成された気孔、1次粒子と2次粒子との間に形成された気孔、及び2次粒子同士の間に形成された気孔を含む、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極。
- 前記負極活物質は、炭酸リチウムの量が総リチウムチタン酸化物100重量%に対して2重量%以下である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極。
- 前記リチウムチタン酸化物は、X線回折測定による平均結晶子サイズが800Å〜1300Åである、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極。
- 請求項1から12のいずれか1項に記載の負極を含むリチウム二次電池。
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