WO2016103712A1 - 水性エマルジョン及びそれを用いた接着剤 - Google Patents
水性エマルジョン及びそれを用いた接着剤 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016103712A1 WO2016103712A1 PCT/JP2015/006450 JP2015006450W WO2016103712A1 WO 2016103712 A1 WO2016103712 A1 WO 2016103712A1 JP 2015006450 W JP2015006450 W JP 2015006450W WO 2016103712 A1 WO2016103712 A1 WO 2016103712A1
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- peak
- mass
- aqueous emulsion
- pva
- polymerization
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- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- CDAISMWEOUEBRE-GPIVLXJGSA-N inositol Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O CDAISMWEOUEBRE-GPIVLXJGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000367 inositol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002655 kraft paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005641 methacryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- UOBSVARXACCLLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N monomethyl adipate Chemical compound COC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O UOBSVARXACCLLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- QYZFTMMPKCOTAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)ethyl]-2-[[1-[2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)ethylamino]-2-methyl-1-oxopropan-2-yl]diazenyl]-2-methylpropanamide Chemical compound OCCNCCNC(=O)C(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C(=O)NCCNCCO QYZFTMMPKCOTAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L phthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N scyllo-inosotol Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C1O CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical group [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- LYDRKKWPKKEMNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl benzoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LYDRKKWPKKEMNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SWAXTRYEYUTSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl ethaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(=O)OOC(C)(C)C SWAXTRYEYUTSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012085 test solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/12—Polymerisation in non-solvents
- C08F2/16—Aqueous medium
- C08F2/20—Aqueous medium with the aid of macromolecular dispersing agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/12—Polymerisation in non-solvents
- C08F2/16—Aqueous medium
- C08F2/22—Emulsion polymerisation
- C08F2/24—Emulsion polymerisation with the aid of emulsifying agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of oxygen-containing monomers as defined in group C08F16/00
- C08F261/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of oxygen-containing monomers as defined in group C08F16/00 on to polymers of unsaturated alcohols
- C08F261/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of oxygen-containing monomers as defined in group C08F16/00 on to polymers of unsaturated alcohols on to polymers of vinyl alcohol
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/12—Hydrolysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/2805—Compounds having only one group containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/2815—Monohydroxy compounds
- C08G18/283—Compounds containing ether groups, e.g. oxyalkylated monohydroxy compounds
- C08G18/2835—Compounds containing ether groups, e.g. oxyalkylated monohydroxy compounds having less than 5 ether groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/62—Polymers of compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C08G18/6212—Polymers of alkenylalcohols; Acetals thereof; Oxyalkylation products thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L101/00—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds
- C08L101/02—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds characterised by the presence of specified groups, e.g. terminal or pendant functional groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L29/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical; Compositions of hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L29/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
- C08L29/04—Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J109/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of conjugated diene hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J11/00—Features of adhesives not provided for in group C09J9/00, e.g. additives
- C09J11/08—Macromolecular additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J125/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J125/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
- C09J125/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J131/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid, or of a haloformic acid; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J131/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of monocarboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J133/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J133/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J151/00—Adhesives based on graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J151/003—Adhesives based on graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers grafted on to macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J157/00—Adhesives based on unspecified polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J175/00—Adhesives based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J175/04—Polyurethanes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2170/00—Compositions for adhesives
- C08G2170/80—Compositions for aqueous adhesives
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an aqueous emulsion containing a specific amount of free polyvinyl alcohol exhibiting a specific symmetry coefficient on a chromatogram of high performance liquid chromatography (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as “HPLC”), and the aqueous emulsion. It relates to the contained adhesive.
- HPLC high performance liquid chromatography
- aqueous polymer emulsions have been widely used in many applications such as adhesives such as wood, paper, and plastics, paints, fiber processing agents, and paper processing agents.
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- a protective colloid for emulsion polymerization of vinyl ester monomers represented by vinyl acetate is used as a dispersant for emulsion polymerization.
- the vinyl ester aqueous emulsion obtained by emulsion polymerization is used for various adhesives for paper, woodwork, plastics, various binders for impregnated paper and non-woven products, admixtures, jointing materials, Widely used in fields such as paint, paper processing, and fiber processing.
- PVA is used as a dispersant for emulsion polymerization
- it is required to suppress aggregation of the emulsion during emulsion polymerization and to exhibit excellent polymerization stability.
- PVA is water-soluble, the water resistance of the film formed from the obtained emulsion is lowered, and the mechanical stability of the obtained emulsion is lowered. Is known to depend largely on the PVA used for emulsion polymerization.
- modified PVAs have been developed by controlling crystallinity and introducing functional groups.
- ethylene-modified PVA is used as a dispersant for emulsion polymerization, and an aqueous emulsion obtained by emulsion polymerization of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer and / or diene monomer and a polyvalent isocyanate compound are contained.
- Adhesives have been proposed and are said to have high storage stability, adhesion and water resistance (Patent Document 1).
- a modified PVA containing an unsaturated monomer unit having a silyl group in a specific ratio is used as a dispersant for emulsion polymerization, and the dispersoid is changed from an ethylenically unsaturated monomer.
- An aqueous emulsion, which is a polymer of one or two or more monomers selected, has been proposed and is said to have high water resistance and viscosity stability (Patent Document 2).
- the emulsion is required to have mechanical stability and water resistance of the film.
- demand for products capable of high-speed coating is increasing from the viewpoint of industrial production.
- an adhesive is used for high-speed coating exceeding 500 m / min, there has been a problem that the adhesive scatters, so-called glue skipping occurs.
- the adhesive may be exposed to harsh environments such as high temperature and high humidity. In some cases, the strength is lowered, peeling may occur, and there is room for improvement in adhesion durability.
- the adhesive is required to have no glue skip even during high-speed coating, excellent initial adhesion, and excellent durability in high temperature and high humidity.
- the present invention has been made based on the above-described circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide an aqueous emulsion having excellent mechanical stability and water resistance of a film. It is another object of the present invention to provide an adhesive containing the water-based emulsion that has no adhesive skipping even during high-speed coating, has excellent initial adhesiveness, and has excellent adhesive durability under high temperature and high humidity.
- An aqueous emulsion comprising a polymer containing an ethylenically unsaturated monomer unit as a dispersoid and polyvinyl alcohol as a dispersant, wherein a part of the polyvinyl alcohol is free polyvinyl in the aqueous emulsion.
- the free polyvinyl alcohol is present as an alcohol, and the content of the free polyvinyl alcohol is 0.2 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymer containing the ethylenically unsaturated monomer unit, and the saponification degree of the free polyvinyl alcohol is JIS K 0124 (80.0 to 99.5 mol%), having a viscosity average polymerization degree of 200 to 5000, and measuring the free polyvinyl alcohol by reverse-phase distribution gradient high performance liquid chromatography using a water-acetone eluent. 2011) Symmetry coefficient (W 0.05h / 2f) satisfies the following formula (1) Water-based emulsion.
- W 0.05h represents the peak width at the peak 5% height position
- f represents the horizontal line and peak including the peak start point a from the peak start point a at the peak width at the peak 5% height position.
- the polymer containing the ethylenically unsaturated monomer unit comprises a vinyl ester monomer, a (meth) acrylic acid ester monomer, a styrene monomer, and a diene monomer.
- Emulsion. [4] The aqueous emulsion according to any one of [1] to [3], further containing a polyvalent isocyanate compound. [5] An adhesive containing the aqueous emulsion of [4] above.
- the aqueous emulsion of the present invention is excellent in mechanical stability and water resistance of the film. Furthermore, the adhesive containing the water-based emulsion has no glue skip even during high-speed coating, is excellent in initial adhesiveness, and is excellent in adhesion durability under high temperature and high humidity.
- the emulsion of the present invention is an aqueous emulsion containing a polymer containing an ethylenically unsaturated monomer unit as a dispersoid and polyvinyl alcohol as a dispersant, and a part of the polyvinyl alcohol is contained in the aqueous emulsion.
- a polymer containing an ethylenically unsaturated monomer unit as a dispersoid and polyvinyl alcohol as a dispersant a part of the polyvinyl alcohol is contained in the aqueous emulsion.
- the content of the free polyvinyl alcohol is 0.2 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymer containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer units.
- JIS saponification degree is 80.0-99.5 mol%
- viscosity average polymerization degree is 200-5000
- free polyvinyl alcohol is measured by reverse phase distribution gradient high performance liquid chromatography with water-acetone eluent.
- Symmetry factor (W 0.05h / 2f) based on K 0124 (2011) The following formula (1) is satisfied. 0.85 ⁇ W 0.05h /2f ⁇ 1.30 (1)
- W 0.05h represents the peak width at the peak 5% height position
- f represents the horizontal line and peak including the peak start point a from the peak start point a at the peak width at the peak 5% height position.
- It represents the distance to the intersection b with the perpendicular including the vertex.
- the aqueous emulsion of the present invention contains a polymer containing an ethylenically unsaturated monomer unit as a dispersoid.
- Olefinic monomers such as ethylene, propylene, isobutylene; Halogenated olefin monomers such as vinyl chloride, vinyl fluoride, vinylidene chloride, vinylidene fluoride; Vinyl ester monomers such as vinyl formate, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl versatate; (Meth) acrylic acid, methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, dodecyl (meth) acrylate, 2- (meth) acrylic acid 2- (Meth) acrylic acid ester monomers such as hydroxyethyl; Dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate and quaternized products thereof, (meth) acrylamide, N-methylo
- polymers containing the ethylenically unsaturated monomer units from the group consisting of vinyl ester monomers, (meth) acrylic acid ester monomers, styrene monomers, and diene monomers
- Polymers having monomer units derived from at least one selected are preferred.
- a content rate of the said monomer unit 70 mass% or more is preferable with respect to all the monomer units of the said polymer, 80 mass% or more is more preferable, 90 mass% or more is further more preferable, 95 mass% or more Particularly preferred is 100% by mass. If the content of the specific unit is less than 70% by mass, the emulsion polymerization stability of the aqueous emulsion may be insufficient.
- the content of the vinyl ester monomer unit is preferably 70% by mass or more based on the total monomer units of the polymer, and the content of the monomer unit derived from vinyl acetate It is more preferable that the ratio is 70% by mass or more based on the total monomer units of the polymer, and the content of the monomer units derived from vinyl acetate is based on the total monomer units of the polymer. More preferably, it is 90 mass% or more.
- the aqueous emulsion of the present invention has a content of PVA that is free in the emulsion (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as “free PVA”) in the specific range, and the free PVA is symmetric.
- the coefficient satisfies the above formula (1).
- the method for preparing the aqueous emulsion of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- a specific PVA (dispersing agent) 0.5 to 40 parts by mass described later is added to 100 parts by mass of the ethylenically unsaturated monomer.
- a method of emulsion polymerization by appropriately selecting a polymerization initiator can be mentioned.
- a part of PVA used as a dispersant in emulsion polymerization functions as a dispersant as described above, but the remaining PVA not adsorbed on the dispersoid is present in the aqueous emulsion as free PVA.
- the PVA that is free and thus present in the aqueous emulsion (free PVA) is considered to greatly affect the physical properties of the aqueous emulsion and the adhesive obtained from the aqueous emulsion, compared to the PVA adsorbed on the dispersoid. .
- the aqueous emulsion is diluted with water, centrifuged to collect the supernatant aqueous solution, and the resulting aqueous solution is dried to release the PVA.
- PVA can be separated.
- the content of free PVA in the aqueous emulsion of the present invention is 0.2 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymer containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer units.
- the content of free PVA is less than 0.2 parts by mass, glue fly tends to occur when an adhesive obtained from an aqueous emulsion is applied at high speed.
- 1.0 mass part or more is preferable with respect to 100 mass parts of polymers containing an ethylenically unsaturated monomer unit, and, as for content of free PVA, 2.0 mass parts or more are more preferable.
- the content of free PVA is preferably 15 parts by mass or less and more preferably 10 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymer containing an ethylenically unsaturated monomer unit.
- the degree of saponification of the above free PVA is measured according to JIS K 6726 (1994).
- the degree of saponification of the free PVA is 80.0 to 99.5 mol%.
- the saponification degree is preferably 82.0 mol% or more, and more preferably 85.0 mol% or more.
- the degree of saponification exceeds 99.5 mol%, the PVA may not be produced stably.
- the saponification degree is preferably 99.0 mol% or less, and more preferably 98.5 mol% or less.
- the viscosity average degree of polymerization of the above free PVA is measured according to JIS K 6726 (1994).
- the viscosity average degree of polymerization (P) may be simply referred to as “degree of polymerization”. That is, the free PVA can be obtained by the following formula from the intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] (liter / g) measured in water at 30 ° C. after re-saponifying and purifying the saponification degree to 99.5 mol% or more.
- P ([ ⁇ ] ⁇ 10000 / 8.29) (1 / 0.62)
- the viscosity average polymerization degree of the above free PVA is 200 to 5000. If the viscosity average degree of polymerization is less than 200, the resulting water-based emulsion film has insufficient water resistance.
- the viscosity average degree of polymerization is preferably 250 or more, more preferably 300 or more, and still more preferably 400 or more. On the other hand, when the degree of viscosity polymerization exceeds 5,000, the aqueous solution in which the PVA is dissolved becomes too high in viscosity, making it difficult to handle the aqueous emulsion.
- the viscosity average degree of polymerization is preferably 4000 or less, more preferably 3000 or less, and still more preferably 2000 or less.
- the free PVA has a symmetry coefficient (W 0.05h / 2f) based on JIS K 0124 (2011) measured by reverse phase partition gradient high performance liquid chromatography using water-acetone eluent satisfying the following formula (1). . 0.85 ⁇ W 0.05h /2f ⁇ 1.30 (1)
- W 0.05h represents the peak width at the peak 5% height position
- f represents the horizontal line and peak including the peak start point a from the peak start point a at the peak width at the peak 5% height position.
- It represents the distance to the intersection b with the perpendicular including the vertex.
- As the HPLC column an ODS silica column is used, and the gradient conditions of the water-acetone eluent are defined in Examples described later.
- the symmetry coefficient of the free PVA is less than 0.85, the mechanical stability of the aqueous emulsion becomes insufficient, or the initial adhesiveness of the adhesive containing the aqueous emulsion becomes insufficient.
- the symmetry coefficient is preferably 0.90 or more, more preferably 0.95 or more, and further preferably 1.00 or more.
- the symmetry coefficient exceeds 1.30, the water resistance of the film of the aqueous emulsion becomes insufficient, the adhesive containing the aqueous emulsion is likely to fly away, and the durability of adhesion under high temperature and high humidity. Is insufficient.
- the symmetry coefficient is preferably 1.28 or less, more preferably 1.25 or less, and even more preferably 1.20 or less.
- the symmetry coefficient is a coefficient indicating the degree of symmetry of the measurement peak obtained using high performance liquid chromatography.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of the HPLC measurement result.
- the peak width (W 0.05h ) at the 5% height position of the obtained measurement peak, and the horizontal line and peak apex including the peak start point a from the peak start point a in the peak width are included.
- the symmetry coefficient (W 0.05h / 2f) is calculated using the distance (f) to the intersection b with the perpendicular.
- the “5% height position of the peak” means a height that is 1/20 of the peak height from the baseline of the measurement peak of the HPLC analysis measured under the conditions described later.
- f is the distance between ab shown in FIG. 1, that is, the peak start point from the peak start point a at the 5% height of the measurement peak of the HPLC analysis measured under the conditions described later.
- the distance to the intersection b of the horizontal line including a and the vertical line including the peak apex means.
- a dotted line parallel to the horizontal axis represents a baseline.
- W 0.05h and f use the same unit. The closer the symmetry coefficient is to 1.0, the higher the peak symmetry.
- Sample concentration 0.5 mg / mL
- Sample solvent Water injection amount: 15 ⁇ L
- Detector Evaporative light scattering detector PL-ELS1000 (manufactured by Polymer Laboratories)
- ODS silica column “TSKgel ODS-80TM (inner diameter 4.6 mm ⁇ 15 cm, filler particle size 5 ⁇ m)” manufactured by Tosoh Corporation Column temperature: 40 ° C
- Flow rate Total flow rate 0.8mL / min
- the HPLC analysis of the free PVA of the present invention is performed by the following procedure.
- the mobile phase liquids of different polarities are used. Water is used as the mobile phase A with high polarity, and acetone is used as the mobile phase B with low polarity.
- the inside of the column of the HPLC system is in a state where mobile phase A / mobile phase B is filled with a mixed solvent of 9/1 by volume ratio. In this state, the sample is injected. Then, the ratio of mobile phase B in the mobile phase is increased at a constant rate (3 vol% / min) over 30 minutes immediately after sample injection. The mobile phase B is allowed to flow for 5 minutes after 30 minutes from the sample injection (at this point, the mobile phase is completely replaced by the mobile phase B).
- PVA used as a dispersant is water as in the case of free PVA.
- the symmetry coefficient (W 0.05h / 2f) based on JIS K 0124 (2011) measured by reverse phase partition gradient high performance liquid chromatography with acetone eluent satisfies the following formula (2). 0.70 ⁇ W 0.05h /2f ⁇ 1.10 (2) (W 0.05h represents the peak width at the peak 5% height position, and f represents the horizontal line and peak including the peak start point a from the peak start point a at the peak width at the peak 5% height position.
- the symmetry coefficient of the PVA is less than 0.70, the resulting aqueous emulsion has insufficient fluidity.
- the symmetry coefficient is preferably 0.75 or more, more preferably 0.80 or more, and further preferably 0.83 or more.
- the symmetry coefficient exceeds 1.10, the water resistance of the resulting aqueous emulsion film becomes insufficient.
- the symmetry coefficient is preferably 1.05 or less, more preferably 1.00 or less, and even more preferably 0.99 or less.
- Such PVA can be obtained, for example, by subjecting a vinyl ester resin to a saponification reaction under specific conditions using an alkali.
- PVA has a low-polar part derived from a vinyl ester monomer and a high-polar part derived from a vinyl alcohol unit after saponification in the molecule.
- the PVA molecule has a distribution of low-polarity sites and high-polarity sites, greatly affecting physical properties such as the surface activity of the aqueous solution.
- the symmetry coefficient obtained by HPLC analysis is a measure by which the distribution of the low polarity site and the high polarity site in PVA can be determined.
- the distribution of low and high polarity sites in PVA can be controlled to some extent by selecting saponification conditions.
- a method of controlling the gelation time until gelation is performed by mixing a saponification raw material solution comprising a solvent and a solution containing a saponification catalyst (hereinafter referred to as saponification catalyst solution), and 2) more random vinyl ester sites in the saponification step.
- saponification catalyst solution a saponification raw material solution comprising a solvent and a solution containing a saponification catalyst
- examples thereof include a method for performing saponification, and 3) a method for causing an exchange reaction between a low-polarity site and a high-polarity site in PVA to make it a more random state.
- a method of 1) for example, in mixing a saponification raw material solution and a saponification catalyst solution using a static mixer in the saponification step (the number of elements is preferably 5 to 40), a desired mixed state and fluidity are obtained.
- a method of optimizing the shear rate so as to ensure (preferably adjusting the shear rate to 5 to 90 s ⁇ 1 ) can be mentioned.
- Examples of the method 2) include a saponification raw material solution comprising a polyvinyl ester and an organic solvent in the saponification step, and a method in which a predetermined amount of water is added to the saponification catalyst solution to directly saponify.
- a method of heat-treating powder PVA at a temperature of about 100 to 180 ° C. for a predetermined time can be mentioned.
- the saponification degree of PVA as a dispersing agent is measured according to JIS K 6726 (1994).
- the saponification degree of the PVA is preferably 80.0 to 99.5 mol%. When the degree of saponification is less than 80.0 mol%, the emulsion polymerization stability of the PVA becomes insufficient.
- the saponification degree is more preferably 82.0 mol% or more, and further preferably 85.0 mol% or more. On the other hand, when the degree of saponification exceeds 99.5 mol%, the PVA may not be produced stably.
- the saponification degree is more preferably 99.0 mol% or less, and further preferably 98.5 mol% or less.
- the polymerization degree of PVA as a dispersing agent is preferably 200 to 5,000. If the degree of polymerization is less than 200, the resulting water-based emulsion film has insufficient water resistance.
- the degree of polymerization is more preferably 250 or more, and further preferably 300 or more. On the other hand, when the degree of polymerization exceeds 5,000, the aqueous solution in which the PVA is dissolved becomes too high in viscosity, making it difficult to handle the aqueous emulsion.
- the degree of polymerization is more preferably 4500 or less, and further preferably 4000 or less.
- the solid content concentration of the aqueous emulsion of the present invention obtained by the above method is not particularly limited, and is usually 30 to 60% by mass.
- aqueous emulsion of the present invention obtained by the above method can be used as it is.
- various conventionally known emulsions or commonly used additives may be used as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. It can be used together to form an emulsion composition.
- additives include organic solvents (aromatic compounds such as toluene and xylene, alcohols, ketones, esters, halogen-containing solvents, etc.), crosslinking agents, surfactants, plasticizers, suspending agents, thickeners, Examples thereof include fluidity improvers, preservatives, antifoaming agents, fillers, wetting agents, coloring agents, binders, and water retention agents. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- crosslinking agent examples include polyvalent isocyanate compounds.
- the polyvalent isocyanate compound has two or more isocyanate groups in the molecule.
- examples of the polyvalent isocyanate compound include tolylene diisocyanate (TDI), hydrogenated TDI, trimethylolpropane-TDI adduct (for example, “Desmodur L” from Bayer), triphenylmethane triisocyanate, methylenebisdiphenyl isocyanate (MDI).
- TDI tolylene diisocyanate
- hydrogenated TDI hydrogenated TDI
- trimethylolpropane-TDI adduct for example, “Desmodur L” from Bayer
- MDI methylenebisdiphenyl isocyanate
- Polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate (PMDI), hydrogenated MDI, polymerized MDI, hexamethylene diisocyanate, xylylene diisocyanate, 4,4-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate and the like.
- PMDI Polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate
- hydrogenated MDI polymerized MDI
- hexamethylene diisocyanate hexamethylene diisocyanate
- xylylene diisocyanate 4,4-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate
- isophorone diisocyanate isophorone diisocyanate and the like.
- the polyvalent isocyanate compound a prepolymer having an isocyanate group as a terminal group previously polymerized with an excess of polyisocyanate in a polyol may be used. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- plasticizer examples include dicarboxylic acid ester compounds and aryloxy group-containing compounds.
- dicarboxylic acid ester compounds examples include 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate, methyl adipate, dimethyl succinate, dimethyl glutarate, dibutyl phthalate, diphenyl phthalate, and phthalic acid.
- examples include dihexyl, dicyclohexyl phthalate, dihydroabiethyl phthalate, and dimethyl isophthalate.
- Examples of the aryloxy group in the aryloxy group-containing compound include a phenoxy group and a substituted phenoxy group, and examples of the substituted phenoxy group include a C 1 to C 12 alkoxyphenoxy group and a C 1 to C 12 alkylphenoxy group.
- the number of substituents is not particularly limited, preferably 1 to 5, and more preferably 1 to 3.
- a substituted or unsubstituted phenoxy group-containing compound is preferable, and a substituted or unsubstituted phenoxy group-containing compound not containing a vinyl group is more preferable.
- aryloxy group-containing compound examples include ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, polypropylene glycol monophenyl ether, polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl ether, polyoxyethylene di (nonyl) phenyl ether, and the like.
- a plasticizer may be used individually by 1 type and may use 2 or more types together.
- the adhesive containing the aqueous emulsion of the present invention is also one embodiment of the present invention.
- a method for producing the adhesive of the present invention it is preferable to produce the adhesive by blending an auxiliary agent containing a polyvalent isocyanate compound with the main agent comprising the aqueous emulsion of the present invention.
- an auxiliary agent in addition to the polyvalent isocyanate compound as a cross-linking agent, one containing a plasticizer as another additive is preferable.
- the polyvalent isocyanate compound and the plasticizer those described above can be used.
- the content of the polyvalent isocyanate compound may be appropriately selected depending on various situations, and is preferably 3 to 100 parts by mass, preferably 5 to 50 parts by mass in terms of solid content with respect to 100 parts by mass of the solid content of the main agent. Is more preferable.
- the solid content conversion method can use the solid content concentration measuring method of the aqueous emulsion in the evaluation items of mechanical stability of Examples described later.
- the aqueous emulsion of the present invention can be used in a wide range of applications such as paints, fiber processing agents, paper processing agents, inorganic binders, cement admixtures, and mortar primers. Furthermore, the obtained aqueous emulsion is effectively used as a so-called powder emulsion obtained by pulverizing by spray drying or the like.
- the content of the plasticizer may be appropriately selected according to various situations, and is preferably 0.5 to 20 parts by mass, and 1.0 to 10 parts per 100 parts by mass in terms of solid content. Part by mass is more preferable. Furthermore, it is preferable that the amount is within these ranges and less than the polyvalent isocyanate compound. When the content of the plasticizer is in the above range, an adhesive having excellent adhesiveness can be obtained.
- the solid content conversion method can use the solid content concentration measuring method of the aqueous emulsion in the evaluation items of mechanical stability of Examples described later.
- the method for producing an aqueous emulsion satisfying the specific requirements of the present invention is as follows: 1) 100 parts by mass of the ethylenically unsaturated monomer, PVA 0.5 to An example is a method in which a polymerization initiator is appropriately selected in the presence of 40 parts by mass and emulsion polymerization is performed.
- other adjustment methods at the time of emulsion polymerization include 2) a method of changing the amount of PVA added to the ethylenically unsaturated monomer, and 3) a method of changing the amount of ion-exchanged water used.
- these methods may be used in appropriate combination.
- the method for producing the aqueous emulsion of the present invention is not particularly limited, but for example, 100 parts by mass of the ethylenically unsaturated monomer is emulsion-polymerized in the presence of 0.5 to 40 parts by mass of PVA as the dispersant.
- a method is mentioned.
- the charging method and addition method are not particularly limited. Examples thereof include a method of adding an emulsion polymerization dispersant into the polymerization system in an initial batch, a method of adding it continuously during polymerization, and the like.
- a method of initially adding an emulsion polymerization dispersant into the polymerization system is preferred.
- the amount of PVA used in the emulsion polymerization dispersant in the emulsion polymerization is preferably 0.5 to 40 parts by mass, more preferably 0.6 to 20 parts per 100 parts by mass of the ethylenically unsaturated monomer. Parts by mass, more preferably 0.7 to 15 parts by mass, and particularly preferably 0.9 to 9 parts by mass.
- the polymerization initiator may be a water-soluble single initiator (meaning an initiator that may be one component) or a water-soluble redox system that is usually used for emulsion polymerization.
- An initiator can be used. These initiators may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these, a redox initiator is preferable.
- water-soluble single initiator examples include peroxides such as azo initiators, hydrogen peroxide, persulfates (potassium, sodium or ammonium salts).
- azo initiators examples include 2,2′-azobis (isobutyronitrile), 2,2′-azobis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), and 2,2′-azobis (4-methoxy-2). , 4-dimethylvaleronitrile).
- a combination of an oxidizing agent and a reducing agent can be used.
- a peroxide is preferable.
- the reducing agent include metal ions and reducing compounds.
- the combination of the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent include a combination of a peroxide and a metal ion; a combination of a peroxide and a reducing compound; and a combination of a peroxide, a metal ion and a reducing compound.
- peroxides examples include hydrogen peroxide, cumene hydroxy peroxide, hydroxy peroxides such as t-butyl hydroxy peroxide, persulfates (potassium, sodium or ammonium salts), t-butyl peracetate, peracid esters (peroxides). And t-butyl benzoate).
- metal ions include metal ions capable of undergoing one-electron transfer such as Fe 2+ , Cr 2+ , V 2+ , Co 2+ , Ti 3+ , and Cu + .
- Examples of the reducing compound include sodium bisulfite, sodium hydrogencarbonate, tartaric acid, fructose, dextrose, sorbose, inositol, longgarit, and ascorbic acid.
- one or more oxidizing agents selected from the group consisting of hydrogen peroxide, potassium persulfate, sodium persulfate, and ammonium persulfate, and sodium bisulfite, sodium hydrogen carbonate, tartaric acid, longgarit, and ascorbic acid are included.
- a combination with one or more reducing agents selected from the group is preferred, and hydrogen peroxide and one or more reducing agents selected from the group consisting of sodium bisulfite, sodium hydrogen carbonate, tartaric acid, longgarit, and ascorbic acid A combination is more preferred.
- the dispersion medium in the emulsion polymerization is preferably an aqueous medium containing water as a main component.
- the aqueous medium containing water as a main component may contain water and a water-soluble organic solvent (alcohols, ketones, etc.) soluble in an arbitrary ratio.
- an aqueous medium mainly composed of water is a dispersion medium containing 50% by mass or more of water.
- the dispersion medium is preferably an aqueous medium containing 90% by mass or more of water, and more preferably water.
- the method for producing the aqueous emulsion it is preferable to heat the PVA of the dispersant, dissolve it in a dispersion medium, and cool the nitrogen dispersion before starting emulsion polymerization.
- the heating temperature is preferably 90 ° C. or higher.
- the temperature for emulsion polymerization is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 20 to 85 ° C, more preferably about 40 to 80 ° C.
- the present invention includes embodiments in which the above configurations are combined in various ways within the technical scope of the present invention as long as the effects of the present invention are exhibited.
- the separation method of free PVA in the aqueous emulsions obtained in the following examples and comparative examples, and the physical properties of free PVA were measured according to the following methods.
- the physical property values of PVA-1, PVA-2, PVA-3 and PVA-4 described later used for the production of the aqueous emulsion were also measured according to the following method.
- Viscosity average polymerization degree of PVA The viscosity average degree of polymerization of each PVA was determined by the method described in JIS K 6726 (1994).
- PVA HPLC measurement conditions Each PVA was adjusted to a concentration of 0.5 mg / mL using water as a solvent, and used as a measurement sample. Evaporation light using “LC-10ADvp” manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation as the HPLC apparatus and “TSKgel ODS-80TM (inner diameter 4.6 mm ⁇ length 15 cm, filler particle size 5 ⁇ m)” manufactured by Tosoh Corporation as the HPLC column. As a scattering detector, “PL-ELS1000” manufactured by Polymer Laboratories) was used. The analysis was performed according to the following procedure. Water was used as mobile phase A and acetone was used as mobile phase B.
- the HPLC apparatus is filled with a mixed solvent in which mobile phase A / mobile phase B has a volume ratio of 9/1.
- the sample injection amount: 15 ⁇ L
- the proportion of mobile phase B in the mobile phase was increased at a constant rate (3 vol% / min) over 30 minutes immediately after sample injection.
- Mobile phase B was allowed to flow for 5 minutes after 30 minutes (the mobile phase was completely replaced by mobile phase B at this point).
- the column temperature was 40 ° C., and the liquid feed flow rate was 0.8 mL / min.
- the baseline was determined by analyzing a blank test solution prepared in the same manner as the preparation of the analysis sample except that PVA was dissolved.
- the symmetry factor (W 0.05h / 2f) was measured by reverse phase partition gradient high performance liquid chromatography with water-acetone eluent based on JIS K 0124 (2011).
- W 0.05h represents the peak width at the peak 5% height position
- f represents the horizontal line including the peak start point a and the perpendicular line including the peak apex from the peak start point a at the peak width at the peak 5% height position. Represents the distance to the intersection b.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of the HPLC measurement result.
- aqueous emulsions and adhesives obtained in the following examples and comparative examples were evaluated according to the following methods.
- the ratio of the filtration residue mass in the aqueous emulsion is preferably 1.0% or less, more preferably 0.4% or less, further preferably 0.2% or less, and particularly preferably 0.1% or less.
- the measurement of solid content concentration and filtration residue mass is as follows. (1) Solid content concentration measuring method 3 g of the aqueous emulsion was placed in an aluminum dish, precisely weighed, and then dried in a dryer at 105 ° C. for 24 hours to volatilize water. The mass of the dried material after that was measured, and solid content concentration was computed from mass ratio. (2) Measuring method of filtration residue mass The filtration residue was dried with 105 degreeC dryer for 24 hours, the water
- Wood adhesive strength [Adhesion conditions]
- Substrate Hippopotamus / Hippopotamus (Masa eyes) water content 8%
- Application amount 250 g / m 2 (double-sided application)
- Application method Hand coating deposition time: 1 minute Clamping condition: 20 ° C., 24 hours, pressure 10 kg / cm 2
- the compression shear adhesive strength according to JIS K 6852 (1994) was measured.
- (1) Normal strength Measured as it was after curing at 20 ° C.
- a 1% methanol solution (0. 0 L) of vinyl acetate (700 L / h), methanol (122 L / h), 2,2′-azobis (4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) (AMV) was used.
- the polymerization liquid was continuously taken out from the polymerization tank so that the liquid level in the polymerization tank was constant.
- the polymerization rate at the outlet of the polymerization tank was adjusted to 25.0%.
- the residence time in the polymerization tank was 5 hours.
- the temperature at the outlet of the polymerization tank was 63 ° C.
- the polymerization solution was recovered from the polymerization tank, and methanol vapor was introduced into the recovered solution to remove the unreacted vinyl acetate monomer, thereby obtaining a methanol solution (concentration of 30% by mass) of the vinyl acetate polymer.
- the polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) / methanol solution (concentration 30% by mass) obtained in the polymerization step was fed as a saponification raw material solution at 4200 L / h, and a sodium hydroxide / methanol solution (concentration 4% by mass) as a saponification catalyst solution. ) was fed at 147 L / h.
- the fed saponification raw material solution and saponification catalyst solution were mixed using a static mixer having 22 elements under the condition of a shear rate of 10.6 s ⁇ 1 .
- the pressure loss per element was 0.04 MPa.
- the obtained mixture was placed on a belt and kept at a temperature of 40 ° C. for 18 minutes to allow the saponification reaction to proceed.
- PVA-1 polyvinyl alcohol
- the obtained PVA-1 had a viscosity average polymerization degree of 2400, a saponification degree of 88.0 mol%, and a symmetry coefficient represented by the formula (2) was 0.88.
- the polymerization rate at the outlet of the polymerization tank was adjusted to 40.0%.
- the residence time in the polymerization tank was 5 hours.
- the temperature at the outlet of the polymerization tank was 63 ° C.
- the polymerization solution was recovered from the polymerization tank, and methanol vapor was introduced into the recovered solution to remove the unreacted vinyl acetate monomer, thereby obtaining a methanol solution (concentration 32% by mass) of the vinyl acetate polymer.
- the polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) / methanol solution (concentration 32% by mass) obtained in the polymerization step was fed at 4600 L / h as a saponification raw material solution, and a sodium hydroxide / methanol solution (concentration 4% by mass) as a saponification catalyst solution. ) was fed at 205 L / h.
- the fed saponification raw material solution and saponification catalyst solution were mixed using a static mixer having 36 elements under conditions of a shear rate of 70 s ⁇ 1 .
- the pressure loss per element was 0.04 MPa.
- the obtained mixture was placed on a belt and kept at a temperature of 40 ° C. for 18 minutes to allow the saponification reaction to proceed.
- PVA-2 polyvinyl alcohol
- the obtained PVA-2 had a viscosity average polymerization degree of 1700, a saponification degree of 98.5 mol%, and a symmetry coefficient represented by the formula (2) was 0.77.
- the polymerization rate at the outlet of the polymerization tank was adjusted to 40.0%.
- the residence time in the polymerization tank was 5 hours.
- the temperature at the outlet of the polymerization tank was 63 ° C.
- the polymerization solution was recovered from the polymerization tank, and methanol vapor was introduced into the recovered solution to remove the unreacted vinyl acetate monomer, thereby obtaining a methanol solution (concentration 32% by mass) of the vinyl acetate polymer.
- the polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) / methanol solution (concentration 32% by mass) obtained in the polymerization step was fed as a saponification raw material solution at 4200 L / h, and a sodium hydroxide / methanol solution (concentration 4% by mass) as a saponification catalyst solution. ) was fed at 313 L / h.
- the fed saponification raw material solution and saponification catalyst solution were mixed using a static mixer with 45 elements under the condition of a shear rate of 100 s ⁇ 1 .
- the pressure loss per element was 0.04 MPa.
- the obtained mixture was placed on a belt and kept at a temperature of 40 ° C. for 18 minutes to allow the saponification reaction to proceed.
- PVA-3 polyvinyl alcohol
- the obtained PVA-3 had a viscosity average polymerization degree of 1700, a saponification degree of 99.95 mol%, and a symmetry coefficient represented by the formula (2) of 0.65.
- the polymerization rate at the outlet of the polymerization tank was adjusted to 35.0%.
- the residence time in the polymerization tank was 5 hours.
- the temperature at the outlet of the polymerization tank was 63 ° C.
- the polymerization solution was recovered from the polymerization tank, and methanol vapor was introduced into the recovered solution to remove the unreacted vinyl acetate monomer, thereby obtaining a methanol solution (concentration of 30% by mass) of the vinyl acetate polymer.
- the polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) / methanol solution (concentration 30% by mass) obtained in the polymerization step was fed as a saponification raw material solution at 3500 L / h, and a sodium hydroxide / methanol solution (concentration 4% by mass) as a saponification catalyst solution. ) was fed at 98 L / h.
- the fed saponification raw material solution and saponification catalyst solution were mixed using a static mixer having 4 elements under the condition of a shear rate of 4 s- 1 .
- the pressure loss per element was 0.04 MPa.
- the obtained mixture was placed on a belt and kept at a temperature of 40 ° C. for 18 minutes to allow the saponification reaction to proceed.
- PVA-4 polyvinyl alcohol
- the obtained PVA-4 had a viscosity average polymerization degree of 2000, a saponification degree of 80.0 mol%, and a symmetry coefficient represented by the formula (2) of 1.28.
- Example 1 (Production of aqueous emulsion)
- a 1 L glass polymerization vessel provided with a reflux condenser, a dropping funnel, a thermometer and a nitrogen inlet
- 258.1 g of ion-exchanged water and 18.9 g of PVA-1 were charged and completely dissolved at 95 ° C. to obtain an aqueous PVA solution. It was.
- this aqueous PVA solution was cooled, purged with nitrogen, added with 25.2 g of vinyl acetate while stirring at 200 rpm, heated to 60 ° C., and then heated to 6.9 g of 5% hydrogen peroxide and 3.0 g of 20% tartaric acid.
- Emulsion polymerization was started by adding a redox initiator. After 15 minutes from the start of the polymerization, 226.4 g of vinyl acetate was continuously added over 3 hours, and then 0.9 g of 5% hydrogen peroxide and 0.3 g of 20% tartaric acid were added to complete the polymerization. A 5% by weight polyvinyl acetate emulsion was obtained. In the emulsion, the content of vinyl ester (specific unit) with respect to all monomer units of the polymer as a dispersoid was 100% by mass. Table 2 shows the evaluation results of the physical properties of the obtained emulsion.
- Examples 2 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 Various aqueous solutions were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amounts of added vinyl acetate, PVA, ion-exchanged water and additional vinyl acetate at the time of emulsion polymerization, and the types of PVA and initiator were changed as shown in Table 1. An emulsion was prepared. Table 2 shows the evaluation results of the obtained aqueous emulsions.
- Examples 2 to 5 and Comparative Examples 2 to 4 were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that various aqueous emulsions produced by the method of Table 1 were used instead of the aqueous emulsion of Example 1.
- An adhesive was prepared.
- Table 2 shows the evaluation results of the physical properties of the obtained adhesives.
- the aqueous emulsions of Examples 1 to 5 are excellent in mechanical stability and water resistance of the film. Moreover, it turns out that the adhesive agent containing such an aqueous emulsion does not have glue skip at the time of high-speed coating, is excellent in initial adhesiveness, and is excellent in adhesion durability under high temperature and high humidity.
- the aqueous emulsion of the present invention is excellent in mechanical stability and water resistance of the film.
- the adhesive of the present invention containing such an aqueous emulsion does not cause paste skipping even during high-speed coating, is excellent in initial adhesiveness, and is excellent in adhesion durability under high temperature and high humidity.
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Abstract
Description
[1]分散質としてのエチレン性不飽和単量体単位を含む重合体と、分散剤としてのポリビニルアルコールとを含む水性エマルジョンであって、該ポリビニルアルコールの一部が該水性エマルジョン中に遊離ポリビニルアルコールとして存在し、該遊離ポリビニルアルコールの含有量が、エチレン性不飽和単量体単位を含む重合体100質量部に対して0.2~20質量部であり、該遊離ポリビニルアルコールのけん化度が80.0~99.5モル%であり、粘度平均重合度が200~5000であり、該遊離ポリビニルアルコールについて水-アセトン溶離液による逆相分配グラジエント高速液体クロマトグラフィーで測定されるJIS K 0124(2011年)に基づくシンメトリー係数(W0.05h/2f)が下記式(1)を満たす水性エマルジョン。
0.85≦W0.05h/2f≦1.30 (1)
(式中、W0.05hはピーク5%高さ位置でのピーク幅を表し、fはピーク5%高さ位置でのピーク幅におけるピーク開始点aから、ピーク開始点aを含む水平線とピーク頂点を含む垂線との交点bまでの距離を表す。)
[2]水-アセトン溶離液による逆相分配グラジエント高速液体クロマトグラフィーで測定されるJIS K 0124(2011年)に基づくシンメトリー係数(W0.05h/2f)が下記式(2)を満たすポリビニルアルコールを、エチレン性不飽和単量体100質量部に対して0.5~40質量部用いて、乳化重合してなる、上記[1]の水性エマルジョン。
0.70≦W0.05h/2f≦1.10 (2)
(式中、W0.05hはピーク5%高さ位置でのピーク幅を表し、fはピーク5%高さ位置でのピーク幅におけるピーク開始点aから、ピーク開始点aを含む水平線とピーク頂点を含む垂線との交点bまでの距離を表す。)
[3]前記エチレン性不飽和単量体単位を含む重合体が、ビニルエステル系単量体、(メタ)アクリル酸エステル系単量体、スチレン系単量体、及びジエン系単量体からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種からなる単位を有する重合体であり、該重合体の全単量体単位に対する上記単位の含有率が70質量%以上である上記[1]又は[2]の水性エマルジョン。
[4]さらに多価イソシアネート化合物を含有する上記[1]~[3]のいずれかの水性エマルジョン。
[5]上記[4]の水性エマルジョンを含有する接着剤。
[6]水-アセトン溶離液による逆相分配グラジエント高速液体クロマトグラフィーで測定されるJIS K 0124(2011年)に基づくシンメトリー係数(W0.05h/2f)が下記式(2)を満たすポリビニルアルコールを分散剤として用いた乳化重合する工程を有し、前記ポリビニルアルコールの使用量がエチレン性不飽和単量体100質量部に対して0.5~40質量部である、上記[1]に記載の水性エマルジョンの製造方法。
0.70≦W0.05h/2f≦1.10 (2)
(式中、W0.05hはピーク5%高さ位置でのピーク幅を表し、fはピーク5%高さ位置でのピーク幅におけるピーク開始点aから、ピーク開始点aを含む水平線とピーク頂点を含む垂線との交点bまでの距離を表す。)
本発明のエマルジョンは、分散質としてのエチレン性不飽和単量体単位を含む重合体と、分散剤としてのポリビニルアルコールとを含む水性エマルジョンであって、該ポリビニルアルコールの一部が該水性エマルジョン中に遊離ポリビニルアルコールとして存在し、該遊離ポリビニルアルコールの含有量が、エチレン性不飽和単量体単位を含む重合体100質量部に対して0.2~20質量部であり、該遊離ポリビニルアルコールのけん化度が80.0~99.5モル%であり、粘度平均重合度が200~5000であり、該遊離ポリビニルアルコールについて水-アセトン溶離液による逆相分配グラジエント高速液体クロマトグラフィーで測定されるJIS K 0124(2011年)に基づくシンメトリー係数(W0.05h/2f)が下記式(1)を満たすことを特徴とする。
0.85≦W0.05h/2f≦1.30 (1)
(式中、W0.05hはピーク5%高さ位置でのピーク幅を表し、fはピーク5%高さ位置でのピーク幅におけるピーク開始点aから、ピーク開始点aを含む水平線とピーク頂点を含む垂線との交点bまでの距離を表す。)
エチレン、プロピレン、イソブチレン等のオレフィン系単量体;
塩化ビニル、フッ化ビニル、塩化ビニリデン、フッ化ビニリデン等のハロゲン化オレフィン系単量体;
ギ酸ビニル、酢酸ビニル、プロピオン酸ビニル、バーサチック酸ビニル等のビニルエステル系単量体;
(メタ)アクリル酸、(メタ)アクリル酸メチル、(メタ)アクリル酸エチル、(メタ)アクリル酸ブチル、(メタ)アクリル酸2-エチルヘキシル、(メタ)アクリル酸ドデシル、(メタ)アクリル酸2-ヒドロキシエチル等の(メタ)アクリル酸エステル系単量体;
(メタ)アクリル酸ジメチルアミノエチル、及びこれらの四級化物、(メタ)アクリルアミド、N-メチロール(メタ)アクリルアミド、N,N-ジメチル(メタ)アクリルアミド、(メタ)アクリルアミド-2-メチルプロパンスルホン酸及びそのナトリウム塩等の(メタ)アクリルアミド系単量体;
スチレン、α-メチルスチレン、p-スチレンスルホン酸及びこれらのナトリウム塩、カリウム塩等のスチレン系単量体;
ブタジエン、イソプレン、クロロプレン等のジエン系単量体;
その他、N-ビニルピロリドン等が挙げられる。これらは1種単独で又は2種以上を併用して重合に用いられる。なお、本明細書において「(メタ)アクリル」とは、アクリル及びメタクリルを意味する。
P=([η]×10000/8.29)(1/0.62)
0.85≦W0.05h/2f≦1.30 (1)
(式中、W0.05hはピーク5%高さ位置でのピーク幅を表し、fはピーク5%高さ位置でのピーク幅におけるピーク開始点aから、ピーク開始点aを含む水平線とピーク頂点を含む垂線との交点bまでの距離を表す。)
HPLCカラムはODSシリカカラムを用い、水-アセトン溶離液のグラジエント条件は後述する実施例で規定する。上記遊離PVAのシンメトリー係数が0.85に満たない場合、水性エマルジョンの機械的安定性が不十分となったり、当該水性エマルジョンを含有する接着剤の初期接着性が不十分となる。シンメトリー係数は0.90以上が好ましく、0.95以上がより好ましく、1.00以上がさらに好ましい。一方、シンメトリー係数が1.30を超える場合、水性エマルジョンの皮膜の耐水性が不十分となったり、当該水性エマルジョンを含有する接着剤が糊飛びしやすかったり、高温高湿下での接着耐久性が不十分となる。シンメトリー係数は1.28以下が好ましく、1.25以下がより好ましく、1.20以下がさらに好ましい。ここで、シンメトリー係数は、高速液体クロマトグラフィーを用いて得られる測定ピークの対称性の度合いを示す係数である。図1にHPLC測定結果の一例を示す。図1にて、得られた測定ピークの5%高さ位置でのピーク幅(W0.05h)及び、当該ピーク幅におけるピーク開始点aから、ピーク開始点aを含む水平線とピーク頂点を含む垂線との交点bまでの距離(f)を用いてシンメトリー係数(W0.05h/2f)を算出する。本明細書において、「ピークの5%高さ位置」とは、後記する条件で測定したHPLC分析の測定ピークのベースラインからのピーク高さの1/20の高さを意味する。また、本明細書において、fは、図1に示されるab間の距離、すなわち、後記する条件で測定したHPLC分析の測定ピークの高さ5%位置でのピーク開始点aから、ピーク開始点aを含む水平線とピーク頂点を含む垂線との交点bまでの距離(言い換えれば、ピーク5%高さ位置でのピーク幅をピーク頂点を含む垂線で二分したときのピークの立ち上がり側の距離)を意味する。図1中、横軸と平行な点線がベースラインを表す。W0.05h及びfは同じ単位を用いる。シンメトリー係数が1.0に近いほどピークの対称性が高いことを示す。
試料濃度:0.5mg/mL
試料溶媒:水
注入量:15μL
検出器:蒸発光散乱検出器PL-ELS1000(Polymer Laboratories社製)
ODSシリカカラム:東ソー株式会社製「TSKgel ODS-80TM (内径4.6mm×15cm、充填剤粒径5μm)」
カラム温度:40℃
送液流量:総流量0.8mL/分
0.70≦W0.05h/2f≦1.10 (2)
(式中、W0.05hはピーク5%高さ位置でのピーク幅を表し、fはピーク5%高さ位置でのピーク幅におけるピーク開始点aから、ピーク開始点aを含む水平線とピーク頂点を含む垂線との交点bまでの距離を表す。)
上記PVAのシンメトリー係数が0.70に満たない場合、得られる水性エマルジョンの流動性が不十分となる。シンメトリー係数は0.75以上が好ましく、0.80以上がより好ましく、0.83以上がさらに好ましい。一方、シンメトリー係数が1.10を超える場合、得られる水性エマルジョンの皮膜の耐水性が不十分となる。シンメトリー係数は1.05以下が好ましく、1.00以下がより好ましく、0.99以下がさらに好ましい。
P=([η]×10000/8.29)(1/0.62)
上記本発明の水性エマルジョンを含有する接着剤も本発明の実施形態の一つである。このような本発明の接着剤の製造方法としては、本発明の水性エマルジョンからなる主剤に、多価イソシアネート化合物を含む副剤を配合することによって製造することが好ましい。副剤としては、架橋剤としての多価イソシアネート化合物に加えて、他の添加剤として可塑剤を含むものが好ましい。多価イソシアネート化合物及び可塑剤としては、前記したものを使用できる。
本発明の特定の要件を満たす水性エマルジョンの製造方法としては、上述したように、1)エチレン性不飽和単量体100質量部に対し、式(2)を満たす上記分散剤のPVA0.5~40質量部の存在下に重合開始剤を適宜選択して乳化重合する方法が一例として挙げられる。また、その他に乳化重合時の調整方法として、2)エチレン性不飽和単量体に対するPVAの添加量を変更する方法、3)イオン交換水の使用量を変更する方法等が挙げられる。本発明の水性エマルジョンの製造方法としては、これらの方法を適宜組み合わせ使用してもよい。
実施例及び比較例により得られた各水性エマルジョンについて、固形分濃度が10質量%となるように水で希釈し、続いて遠心分離機(日立工機株式会社製;SCR-20B)を用いて20,000rpmで30分間遠心分離を行った。得られた上澄みの水溶液を回収し、得られた水溶液から水を完全に蒸発させることで固形分として遊離PVAを得た。
各PVAの粘度平均重合度は、JIS K 6726(1994年)に記載の方法により求めた。
各PVAのけん化度は、JIS K 6726(1994年)に記載の方法により求めた。
各PVAを、水を溶媒として濃度:0.5mg/mLに調整し、測定サンプルとした。HPLC装置として株式会社島津製作所製「LC-10ADvp」、HPLCカラムとして、東ソー株式会社製「TSKgel ODS-80TM (内径4.6mm×長さ15cm、充填剤粒径5μm)」を使用し、蒸発光散乱検出器としてPolymer Laboratories社製「PL-ELS1000」)を使用した。分析は、以下の手順で行った。移動相Aとして水、及び移動相Bとしてアセトンを使用した。当初はHPLC装置内部を移動相A/移動相Bが体積比で9/1の混合溶媒で満たした状態である。この状態で上記サンプル(注入量:15μL)を注入する。そして、サンプル注入直後から30分かけて移動相中の移動相Bの割合を一定速度(3vol%/分)で増加させた。30分後(この時点で移動相は完全に移動相Bに置換される)から5分間は移動相Bを流した。カラム温度は40℃であり、送液流量は総流量0.8mL/分であった。なお、ベースラインの決定は、PVAを溶解すること以外は前記分析サンプルの調製と同様の方法で準備した空試験液を分析して行った。
シンメトリー係数(W0.05h/2f)は、JIS K 0124(2011年)に基づいて水-アセトン溶離液による逆相分配グラジエント高速液体クロマトグラフィーで測定した。W0.05hはピーク5%高さ位置でのピーク幅を表し、fはピーク5%高さ位置でのピーク幅におけるピーク開始点aから、ピーク開始点aを含む水平線とピーク頂点を含む垂線との交点bまでの距離を表す。すなわち、上記条件で測定したHPLC分析の測定ピークの5%高さ位置(ベースラインからのピーク高さの1/20の高さ)でのピーク幅(W0.05h)、及び測定ピークの高さ5%位置でのピーク幅におけるピーク開始点aから、当該ピーク開始点aを含む水平線とピーク頂点を含む垂線との交点bまでの距離(f)を用いてシンメトリー係数(W0.05h/2f)を算出した。図1にHPLC測定結果の一例を示す。
実施例及び比較例で得られたポリ酢酸ビニルエマルジョンを、マロン式機械的安定度測定試験機(商品名:新星産業株式会社製 MARON 1000rpm)を用い、20℃、荷重0.5kg/cm2、1000回転の条件で10分間試験を行った後、60メッシュ(ASTM式標準ふるい)ステンレス製金網を用いてろ過し、エマルジョンの固形分質量に対するろ過残渣質量の割合(%)を測定した。ろ過残渣質量の割合が少ないほど機械的安定性が優れていることを示す。水性エマルジョンにおける当該ろ過残渣質量の割合は1.0%以下が好ましく、0.4%以下がより好ましく、0.2%以下がさらに好ましく、0.1%以下が特に好ましい。
なお、固形分濃度及びろ過残渣質量の測定は次のとおりである。
(1)固形分濃度測定法
水性エマルジョン3gをアルミ皿にとり、精秤後、105℃の乾燥機で24時間乾燥し、水分を揮発させた。その後の乾燥物の質量を測定し、質量比から固形分濃度を算出した。
(2)ろ過残渣質量の測定法
ろ過残渣を105℃の乾燥機で24時間乾燥し、水分を揮発させ、乾燥物の質量をろ過残渣質量とした。
実施例及び比較例で得られたポリ酢酸ビニルエマルジョンを20℃、65%RHの温・湿度下で、PETフィルム上に流延し、1週間乾燥させて、前記PETフィルムから剥離して、厚さ450μmのフィルムを得た。そのフィルムの一部を採取して、105℃で2時間乾燥することで、乾燥前後の質量変化からフィルムの固形分濃度(i)(質量%)を測定した。これとは別に、上記厚さ450μmのフィルムから、10cm×10cmの大きさに切り出し、質量(ii)を測定し、前記フィルム固形分濃度(i)(質量%)を用いて、下記式(3)により、切り出したフィルムにおける固形分の質量(ii’)を求めた。前記切り出したフィルムを90℃の温水に30分浸漬した後、室温まで冷却し、遠心分離機(日立工機株式会社製;SCR-20B)にて20000rpmで30分間遠心分離した。得られた固形物を回収し、105℃で2時間乾燥して質量(iii)を測定した。そして、下記式(4)より溶出率を算出し、以下の基準で皮膜の耐水性を評価した。
浸漬前のフィルム質量補正:(ii’)=(ii)×(i)/100 式(3)
溶出率(%)=[{(ii’)-(iii)}/(ii’)]×100 式(4)
A:55%未満
B:55%以上60%未満
C:60%以上65%未満
D:65%以上70%未満
E:70%以上
実施例及び比較例で得られた接着剤を、JT製初期接着力試験機(JT-1)を用い、クラフト紙に塗工速度30m/分、温度30℃の条件で、塗布量100g/m2(Wet)にて接着し、堆積時間2秒、圧締時間10秒間で剥離試験を行った。初期接着力を以下の基準で測定した。
A:完全に材破
B:部分的に材破
C:ほとんど材破なし
実施例及び比較例で得られた接着剤をロールコーターにより紙管用原紙に、塗工速度1000m/分、温度30℃の条件で塗工し、紙管を作製した。この際、ロールから飛び散る糊飛びを以下の基準で判定した。
A:糊飛びなし
B:若干糊飛びあり
C:糊飛び多く塗工不可
実施例及び比較例で得られた接着剤について、以下の条件で、試験片を作製し、常態の接着強度及び煮沸繰返し後の接着強度を測定し、以下の指標で評価した。
木材接着力:
〔接着条件〕
被着材:カバ/カバ(マサ目)含水量8%
塗布量:250g/m2 (両面塗布)
塗布方法:手塗り
堆積時間:1分
圧締条件:20℃、24時間、圧力10kg/cm2
〔測定条件〕JIS K 6852(1994年)による圧縮剪断接着強度を測定した。
(1)常態強度:20℃、7日間養生後そのままの状態で測定した。
A:180kg/cm2以上
B:120kg/cm2以上180kg/cm2未満
C:120kg/cm2未満
(2)煮沸繰返し:20℃で7日間養生後、試験片を煮沸水中に4時間浸漬した後、60℃の空気中で20時間乾燥し、更に煮沸水中に4時間浸漬したのち、室温の水中に冷めるまで浸し、濡れたままの状態で試験に供した。
A:80kg/cm2以上
B:50kg/cm2以上80kg/cm2未満
C:50kg/cm2未満
還流冷却器、原料供給ライン、温度計、窒素導入口、及び攪拌翼を備えた重合容器(連続重合槽)と、還流冷却器、原料供給ライン、反応液取出ライン、温度計、窒素導入口、及び攪拌翼を備えた装置を用いた。連続重合槽には酢酸ビニル(700L/h)、メタノール(122L/h)、2,2’-アゾビス(4-メトキシ-2,4-ジメチルバレロニトリル)(AMV)の1%メタノール溶液(0.4L/h)を定量ポンプを用いて連続的に供給した。重合槽内の液面が一定になるように重合槽から重合液を連続的に取り出した。重合槽出口の重合率が25.0%になるように調整した。重合槽の滞留時間は5時間であった。重合槽出口の温度は63℃であった。重合槽より重合液を回収し、回収した液にメタノール蒸気を導入することで未反応の酢酸ビニルモノマーの除去を行い、酢酸ビニル系重合体のメタノール溶液(濃度30質量%)を得た。
還流冷却器、原料供給ライン、温度計、窒素導入口、及び攪拌翼を備えた連続重合槽と、還流冷却器、原料供給ライン、反応液取出ライン、温度計、窒素導入口、及び攪拌翼を備えた装置を用いた。連続重合槽には酢酸ビニル(437L/h)、メタノール(97L/h)、AMVの1%メタノール溶液(1.1L/h)を定量ポンプを用いて連続的に供給した。重合槽内の液面が一定になるように重合槽から重合液を連続的に取り出した。重合槽出口の重合率が40.0%になるように調整した。重合槽の滞留時間は5時間であった。重合槽出口の温度は63℃であった。重合槽より重合液を回収し、回収した液にメタノール蒸気を導入することで未反応の酢酸ビニルモノマーの除去を行い、酢酸ビニル系重合体のメタノール溶液(濃度32質量%)を得た。
還流冷却器、原料供給ライン、温度計、窒素導入口、及び攪拌翼を備えた連続重合槽と、還流冷却器、原料供給ライン、反応液取出ライン、温度計、窒素導入口、及び攪拌翼を備えた装置を用いた。連続重合槽には酢酸ビニル(437L/h)、メタノール(97L/h)、AMVの1%メタノール溶液(1.1L/h)を定量ポンプを用いて連続的に供給した。重合槽内の液面が一定になるように重合槽から重合液を連続的に取り出した。重合槽出口の重合率が40.0%になるように調整した。重合槽の滞留時間は5時間であった。重合槽出口の温度は63℃であった。重合槽より重合液を回収し、回収した液にメタノール蒸気を導入することで未反応の酢酸ビニルモノマーの除去を行い、酢酸ビニル系重合体のメタノール溶液(濃度32質量%)を得た。
還流冷却器、原料供給ライン、温度計、窒素導入口、及び攪拌翼を備えた連続重合槽と、還流冷却器、原料供給ライン、反応液取出ライン、温度計、窒素導入口、及び攪拌翼を備えた装置を用いた。連続重合槽には酢酸ビニル(500L/h)、メタノール(103L/h)、AMVの1%メタノール溶液(0.8L/h)を定量ポンプを用いて連続的に供給した。重合槽内の液面が一定になるように重合槽から重合液を連続的に取り出した。重合槽出口の重合率が35.0%になるように調整した。重合槽の滞留時間は5時間であった。重合槽出口の温度は63℃であった。重合槽より重合液を回収し、回収した液にメタノール蒸気を導入することで未反応の酢酸ビニルモノマーの除去を行い、酢酸ビニル系重合体のメタノール溶液(濃度30質量%)を得た。
(水性エマルジョンの製造)
還流冷却器、滴下ロート、温度計及び窒素吹込口を供えた1Lガラス製重合容器に、イオン交換水258.1g及びPVA-1を18.9g仕込み95℃で完全に溶解し、PVA水溶液を得た。次に、このPVA水溶液を冷却、窒素置換後、200rpmで撹拌しながら酢酸ビニル25.2gを加え、60℃に昇温した後、5%過酸化水素6.9gと20%酒石酸3.0gのレドックス開始剤を添加して乳化重合を開始した。重合開始15分後から酢酸ビニル226.4gを3時間にわたって連続的に添加した後、5%過酸化水素0.9gと20%酒石酸0.3gを添加して重合を完結させ、固形分濃度49.5質量%のポリ酢酸ビニルエマルジョンを得た。当該エマルジョンにおいて、分散質である重合体の全単量体単位に対するビニルエステル(特定単位)の含有率は100質量%であった。得られたエマルジョンの物性の評価結果を表2に示す。
上記水性エマルジョン100質量部(固形分)に対してエチレングリコールモノフェニルエーテル5質量部、及びポリメチレンポリフェニルポリイソシアネート(日本ポリウレタン社製,商品名:ミリオネートMR-100)25質量部を配合し接着剤を調製した。得られた接着剤の評価結果を表2に示す。
乳化重合時の仕込み酢酸ビニル、PVA、イオン交換水及び追加酢酸ビニルの添加量、PVA及び開始剤の種類を表1に示すように変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様の方法により各種水性エマルジョンを製造した。得られた各水性エマルジョンの評価結果を表2に示す。
Claims (6)
- 分散質としてのエチレン性不飽和単量体単位を含む重合体と、分散剤としてのポリビニルアルコールとを含む水性エマルジョンであって、
該ポリビニルアルコールの一部が該水性エマルジョン中に遊離ポリビニルアルコールとして存在し、
該遊離ポリビニルアルコールの含有量が、エチレン性不飽和単量体単位を含む重合体100質量部に対して0.2~20質量部であり、
該遊離ポリビニルアルコールのけん化度が80.0~99.5モル%であり、粘度平均重合度が200~5000であり、
該遊離ポリビニルアルコールについて水-アセトン溶離液による逆相分配グラジエント高速液体クロマトグラフィーで測定されるJIS K 0124(2011年)に基づくシンメトリー係数(W0.05h/2f)が下記式(1)を満たす水性エマルジョン。
0.85≦W0.05h/2f≦1.30 (1)
(式中、W0.05hはピーク5%高さ位置でのピーク幅を表し、fはピーク5%高さ位置でのピーク幅におけるピーク開始点aから、ピーク開始点aを含む水平線とピーク頂点を含む垂線との交点bまでの距離を表す。) - 水-アセトン溶離液による逆相分配グラジエント高速液体クロマトグラフィーで測定されるJIS K 0124(2011年)に基づくシンメトリー係数(W0.05h/2f)が下記式(2)を満たすポリビニルアルコールを、エチレン性不飽和単量体100質量部に対して0.5~40質量部用いて、乳化重合してなる、請求項1に記載の水性エマルジョン。
0.70≦W0.05h/2f≦1.10 (2)
(式中、W0.05hはピーク5%高さ位置でのピーク幅を表し、fはピーク5%高さ位置でのピーク幅におけるピーク開始点aから、ピーク開始点aを含む水平線とピーク頂点を含む垂線との交点bまでの距離を表す。) - 前記エチレン性不飽和単量体単位を含む重合体が、ビニルエステル系単量体、(メタ)アクリル酸エステル系単量体、スチレン系単量体、及びジエン系単量体からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種からなる単位を有する重合体であり、該重合体の全単量体単位に対する上記単位の含有率が70質量%以上である請求項1又は2に記載の水性エマルジョン。
- さらに多価イソシアネート化合物を含有する請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の水性エマルジョン。
- 請求項4に記載の水性エマルジョンを含有する接着剤。
- 水-アセトン溶離液による逆相分配グラジエント高速液体クロマトグラフィーで測定されるJIS K 0124(2011年)に基づくシンメトリー係数(W0.05h/2f)が下記式(2)を満たすポリビニルアルコールを分散剤として用いた乳化重合する工程を有し、前記ポリビニルアルコールの使用量がエチレン性不飽和単量体100質量部に対して0.5~40質量部である、請求項1に記載の水性エマルジョンの製造方法。
0.70≦W0.05h/2f≦1.10 (2)
(式中、W0.05hはピーク5%高さ位置でのピーク幅を表し、fはピーク5%高さ位置でのピーク幅におけるピーク開始点aから、ピーク開始点aを含む水平線とピーク頂点を含む垂線との交点bまでの距離を表す。)
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