Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
  • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
  • A61K47/32—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. carbomers, poly(meth)acrylates, or polyvinyl pyrrolidone
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
  • A61K9/0048—Eye, e.g. artificial tears
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/08—Solutions
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
  • A61K9/12—Aerosols; Foams
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
  • A61K9/127—Synthetic bilayered vehicles, e.g. liposomes or liposomes with cholesterol as the only non-phosphatidyl surfactant
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
  • A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
  • A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
  • A61P27/04—Artificial tears; Irrigation solutions
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K2121/00—Preparations for use in therapy

Definitions

• composition for the treatment of the eye is Composition for the treatment of the eye
• the invention relates to a composition for the treatment of diseases of the eye, which are associated with a disturbance of the tear film, in particular the dry eye syndrome (Keratoconjunctivitis sicca).
• the lacrimal glands (Glandulae lacrimales) of humans are responsible for the production of tear fluid. It is a clear, slightly alkaline fluid used to moisturize the conjunctiva and the cornea. Disturbances in the production of tears or in the composition of the tear film can lead to dry eye syndrome (Keratoconjunctivitis sicca, Drye Eye Syndrome, DES). Related symptoms are a foreign body sensation, burning sensation and redness. In severe cases it can lead to a corneal damage to blindness. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca is a common disease affecting approximately 10 to 20% of the adult population. Treatment is often with hyaluronic acid, artificial tears or cellulosics. However, it is often unsatisfactory due to insufficient treatment success or side effects.
• the meibomian glands are important. These are sebaceous glands on the eyelid margin. The meibomian glands release an oily fluid that mixes with the tear fluid. Overall, there is an outer lipid layer on the tear film that causes the aqueous tear fluid to not evaporate too quickly. Disorders in the secretion of meibomian glands, For example, in the lipid composition of the secretion, or a rupture of the lipid layer, thus leading to premature evaporation of the tear fluid and thus promote the emergence of keratoconjunctivitis sicca.
• compositions which prevents tearing of the lipid layer, associated with increased evaporation of tear fluid and thus the occurrence of eye diseases associated therewith.
• the composition should prevent or treat the development of keratoconjunctivitis sicca.
• This object is achieved according to the invention by a composition containing as active ingredient ectoine, hydroxyectoine and / or salts, esters or amides of these compounds.
• Ectoine and hydroxyectoine are tetrahydropyrimidine derivatives which are synthesized under stress conditions by extremophilic, especially halophilic, microorganisms.
• various uses have hitherto been described, for example as a moisturizer, for the treatment of vascular leak syndrome (VLS) (DE 10 2006 056 766 A1) or for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (DE 103 30 243 A1).
• VLS vascular leak syndrome
• DE 100 06 578 A1 discloses the use of ectoine and its derivatives for the protection of biopolymers against degradation by degrading enzymes such as proteases, nucleases or lipases.
• ectoine 2-methyl-1, 4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid, for hydroxyectoine 5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1, 4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid.
• L-ectoine ((S) -2-methyl-1, 4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid) is shown below:
• the tears and corneal moistening and protection membrane consists essentially of an inner mucin-rich layer, an aqueous phase containing proteins, metabolites and salts, and the outer lipid layer at the liquid-air interface.
• the lipid layer is composed of various lipids, in particular polar phospholipids and fatty acids, cholesterol esters and triacylglycerides.
• the polar lipids form the lowest part of the lipid layer, ie they form the boundary to the underlying aqueous phase.
• Cholesterol and other sterol esters intercalate between the non-polar head groups of the polar lipids, forming a sort of platform for the further outward apolar parts of the lipid layer, in particular the triacylglycerides.
• the invention is based on the finding that one of the reasons for premature rupture of the lipid layer in its increased rigidity at Keratoconjunctivitis sicca patients is justified. In the affected individuals, the ratio of neutral to polar lipids is increased. Accordingly, an increased lipid-lipid interaction was found in comparison to healthy people. The associated increased rigidity of the üpid Horn can cause this gap to form gaps through which the tear fluid comes into contact with the air and evaporates too much.
• composition according to the invention is particularly suitable for the treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca, but can also be used in other eye diseases related to a tear film disorder, for example for the treatment of blepharitis or meibomitis.
• the composition is suitable for the treatment of xerophthalmia in which a distinction is made between the hyperevaporative form, which is characterized by a malfunction of the meibomian glands, and the hypovolemic form, which is characterized by a lack of tear secretion.
• Particularly suitable is the composition for the treatment of the dry eye syndrome in its hyperevaporative form.
• Ectoin and Hydroxyectoin are able to provide fluidization of the üpid Anlagen and thus a Keratoconjunctivitis sicca prevent or treat them.
• the composition according to the invention is thus able to correct disorders which are associated with the amide layer produced by the meibomian glands, for example with regard to the composition.
• the area occupied by the individual phospholipids increases. This causes a reduced order and larger gaps in the phospholipid layer and thus less platform for the hydrophobic components of the üpid Anlagen, in particular the triacylglycerols. Since these have less space available, small droplet-like structures of triacylglycerides can form on the outer üpid für.
• the üpid Mrs is more mobile and less rigid; the likelihood of breaking the üpid Mrs is reduced.
• the spreading of the üpid Anlagen is facilitated, the elasticity of the üpid Mrs is increased:
• some lipids, especially the non-polar Triacylglyceride to form droplet-like structures, with expansion, these can re-spread to ensure a stable lipid layer.
• FIG. Under a A macroscopic model for the effect that a sufficiently high concentration of ectoine exerts on the tear film is shown schematically in FIG. Under a), the tear film is shown without addition of ectoine, wherein 1 shows the aqueous phase.
• the boundary layer 2 is formed, in particular, by polar phospholipids, in which case the cholesterol ester molecules in part intercalate from the overlying layer 3. Overall, this forms a hydrophobic platform for the non-polar triacylglycerides 4, which form the outer boundary layer to the environment.
• Panel b) shows the situation in the presence of 100 mM ectoine in the tear fluid.
• the molecules in the layers 2 and 3 of the lipid layer adjoining the aqueous phase are clearly less compact than in representation a); they therefore no longer form a continuous platform for the triacylglycerides 4. These therefore form small droplet-like local accumulations at the boundary layer to the air.
• the lipid layer in the presence of ectoine is significantly more mobile and less rigid, which reduces the risk of tearing.
• the lipid layer has a thickness of about 200 nm at the points of the droplet-like accumulations, while the lipid layer only has a thickness of about 20 nm in the absence of ectoine.
• composition according to the invention is intended in particular for local or topical application.
• the composition may be in liquid form, for example in the form of eye drops. As a rule, it is an aqueous solution.
• the composition may, for example, be isotonic, hypotonic or hypertonic.
• other forms of administration are also conceivable, for example creams or gels.
• salts of ectoine / hydroxyectoins are the alkali or alkaline earth salts, in particular the salts of potassium, sodium, Magnesium and calcium, but also salts with organic bases such. B. with non-toxic aliphatic or aromatic amines in question.
• esters or amides which can likewise be used according to the invention.
• the amide function can again have saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain or branched alkyl groups.
• the hydroxy group can also be reacted with a carboxylic acid of different chain length to give a corresponding ester.
• the composition may contain conventional adjuvants, e.g.
• preservatives As carriers, preservatives, bactericides, solubilizers, vitamins, stabilizers, substances for preventing foaming, osmotically active substances, dyes, surface-active substances, emulsifiers, moisturizing substances, etc.
• Preservatives are, for example, thiomersal, organic mercury compounds such as phenylmercury, benzalkonium chloride, Chlorhexidine, benzyl alcohol, glucose, ethanol and quaternary ammonium salts.
• viscosity-increasing agents examples include cellulose ethers such as hydroxyethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, methylpropylcellulose, methylcellulose, methylethylcellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxyethylmethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, ethylhydroxyethylcellulose.
• polyethylene glycol polyvinyl alcohols, Polyvinylpyrrolidone, glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, cetyl alcohol and stearyl alcohol or combinations thereof (cetylstearyl alcohol), polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polyacrylamide, polyethers, polyimines, polyamides, alginates, xanthan, polyuronides, alginic acid, carrageenan, chondroitin sulfate, guar gum, hydroxypropyl guaran and starch acetate.
• the concentration of the viscosity-increasing agents in the composition is preferably 0.05 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 3% by weight.
• concentrations for cellulose ethers in the range of 0.2 to 2.5 wt .-%, for polyethylene glycol in the range of 0.2 to 1 wt .-%, for polyvinyl alcohol from 0.1 to 4 wt .-% have been found to be useful. and for polyacrylic acid from 0.1 to 0.3% by weight.
• Moisturizing or moisturizing agents are e.g. Glycerin, sorbitol, trehalose, betaine, dexpanthenol, 1,2-propylene glycol, xylitol or other polyalcohols.
• the formulations of the invention may also include suitable buffering or other pH adjuvant adjuvants to adjust and maintain a desired pH.
• suitable buffer systems are citrate, phosphate, TRIS, glycine, borate, acetate. These buffer systems can be prepared from substances such as citric acid, monosodium phosphate, disodium phosphate, glycine, boric acid, sodium tetraborate, acetic acid or sodium acetate.
• compositions may contain other active ingredients, but it is particularly possible and sufficient for the treatment or prevention of eye disease, to use compositions containing only ectoine and / or hydroxyectoin or corresponding salts, esters or amides as the active ingredient.
• active ingredients may be, for example, other compatible solutes.
• DIP di-myo-inositol phosphate
• cDPG cyclic 2,3-diphosphoglycerate
• DGP 1,1-di-glycerol phosphate
• DGP 1,1-di-glycerol phosphate
• firoin ⁇ -mannosylglycerate
• Firoin A di-myo-inositol phosphate
• DMIP Mannosyl di-inositol phosphate
• glucosylglycerol taurine
• betaine citrulline
• DDMICA 4,5-dihydro-2-methyl Imidazole-4-carboxylic acid
• DLMICA 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2-methyl-1 H- [1, 3] - diazepine-4-S-carboxylic acid
• Part of the composition may also be antibiotics. These include gentamycin, kanamycin, neomycon, tobramycin, ciprofloxacin,
• Ofloxacin chlortetracycline, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, fusidic acid, lomefloxacin, levofloxacin and oxytetracycline.
• Other active ingredients of natural origin may be: omega-3 fatty acids, eyebright, digitalis, euphrasia, blueberry, chamomile, mallow and aloe vera.
• the concentration of ectoine / hydroxyectoine and / or corresponding salts, esters or amides can be in particular in a range from 10 to 500 mM, preferably 50 to 500 mM, particularly preferably 100 to 500 mM or 100 to 200 mM. These concentrations have been found to be suitable for bringing about the effect of the invention.
• the proportion of ectoine / hydroxyectoine and / or corresponding salts, esters or amides in the composition may range from 0.1 to 10% by weight. For example, a good effect could be observed in a range between 0.5 and 2% by weight.
• the composition containing the active ingredient may also be encapsulated in nanostructures or in the form of liposomes. This is particularly advantageous if the composition contains no preservative, which is preferred in terms of the purpose in the eye. Corresponding methods for encapsulation are known in principle from the prior art.
• the use of liposomes is also particularly advantageous because the lipids forming the membrane of the liposome, including phospholipids and fatty acids, also contribute to the formation of the meibomian film.
• the invention also relates to a spraying device with which the composition according to the invention can be applied to the opened or closed eye.
• the spraying device has means for atomizing the composition and expediently has an outlet opening whose size is adapted to the size of the eye.
• the user holds the spraying device in such a way that the outlet opening lies in front of the eye, so that when the spraying device is actuated the eye is wetted with the composition.
• FIG. 2 a The result of the compression of the lipid film on a PBS subphase without ectoin is shown in FIG. 2 a. No phase transitions are observed up to a surface pressure of 20 mN / m. In the presence of ectoine, the isotherm shifts towards larger area per molecule, associated with a larger area occupied by the lipid head groups. Ectoin thus increases the spaces between the molecules. As can be seen from FIG. 2 c, the effect is concentration-dependent. In Figure 2b, compression-expansion curves are shown; in terms of hysteresis, no significant differences are observed. The experiments show that the individual molecules from the lipid layer in the presence of ectoine occupy a larger area, ie the lipid layer as a whole becomes more fluid and less rigid and thus less prone to tearing. Trial 2
• the topography of the surface of the lipid layers was investigated using an atomic force microscopy (AFM).
• AFM atomic force microscopy
• the lipid layer was transferred to a solid surface by Langmuir-Blodgett technique, then the AFM measurements were carried out at pressures of 5 mN / m, 20 mN / m and 23.5 mN / m and 20 ° C.
• pressures of 5 mN / m 5 mN / m
• small fibrous structures of up to approximately 5 nm in height could be observed over the entire area.
• These could be overlays of hydrophobic lipids such as cholesterol esters and triacylglycerides.
• the number of fibrous structures increased.
• the patients with strong keratoconjunctivitis sicca and TBUT ⁇ 5 sec showed a greater improvement when treated with ectoine than when treated with hyaluronic acid.
• the quality of life of the patients was determined by the OSDI (ocular surface disease index).
• the tear flow was examined according to the Schirmer II test. This was both at the beginning (8.8 mm / 5 min compared to 16.0 mm / 5 min) and at the end (10.6 mm / 5 min vs. 16.8 mm / 5 min) treatment was lower for the ectoine patients than for the hyaluronic acid patients, with a more significant improvement for the ecto-treated patients than for those treated with hyaluronic acid treated patients (1, 8 mm / 5 min vs. 0.8 mm / 5 min).
• Embodiment Example 1 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment Example 1:
• Eye drops having the following composition are used: 0.5% by weight ectoine 0.2% by weight polyacrylic acid 0.4% by weight NaCl to 100% water

Landscapes

• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
• Epidemiology (AREA)
• Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
• Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
• Rheumatology (AREA)
• Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
• Medicinal Preparation (AREA)

Priority Applications (11)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Related Child Applications (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=53433159

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (10)

Cited By (1)

Families Citing this family (6)

Citations (4)

Family Cites Families (12)

• 2014
  • 2014-05-22 DE DE102014007423.4A patent/DE102014007423A1/de active Pending
• 2015
  • 2015-05-22 ES ES15729760T patent/ES2906431T3/es active Active
  • 2015-05-22 PL PL15729760T patent/PL3145511T3/pl unknown
  • 2015-05-22 CA CA2949203A patent/CA2949203C/en active Active
  • 2015-05-22 RU RU2016150412A patent/RU2016150412A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2015-05-22 WO PCT/EP2015/061434 patent/WO2015177353A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 2015-05-22 US US15/312,970 patent/US20170173012A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2015-05-22 JP JP2016568504A patent/JP2017516770A/ja active Pending
  • 2015-05-22 CN CN201580026099.5A patent/CN106456537A/zh active Pending
  • 2015-05-22 EP EP21209678.8A patent/EP3977998A1/de active Pending
  • 2015-05-22 EP EP15729760.7A patent/EP3145511B1/de active Active
• 2021
  • 2021-08-05 US US17/395,320 patent/US20220133719A1/en not_active Abandoned
• 2024
  • 2024-12-31 US US19/006,532 patent/US20250195515A1/en active Pending

Patent Citations (4)

Non-Patent Citations (4)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events