WO2015015737A1 - 薄片状粘土鉱物からなるシート及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
薄片状粘土鉱物からなるシート及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015015737A1 WO2015015737A1 PCT/JP2014/003771 JP2014003771W WO2015015737A1 WO 2015015737 A1 WO2015015737 A1 WO 2015015737A1 JP 2014003771 W JP2014003771 W JP 2014003771W WO 2015015737 A1 WO2015015737 A1 WO 2015015737A1
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- clay mineral
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- flaky
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/10—Materials in mouldable or extrudable form for sealing or packing joints or covers
- C09K3/1006—Materials in mouldable or extrudable form for sealing or packing joints or covers characterised by the chemical nature of one of its constituents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/10—Materials in mouldable or extrudable form for sealing or packing joints or covers
- C09K3/1003—Pure inorganic mixtures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/20—Silicates
- C01B33/36—Silicates having base-exchange properties but not having molecular sieve properties
- C01B33/38—Layered base-exchange silicates, e.g. clays, micas or alkali metal silicates of kenyaite or magadiite type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/02—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces
- F16J15/06—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces
- F16J15/10—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with non-metallic packing
- F16J15/102—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with non-metallic packing characterised by material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/10—Materials in mouldable or extrudable form for sealing or packing joints or covers
- C09K2003/1034—Materials or components characterised by specific properties
- C09K2003/1078—Fire-resistant, heat-resistant materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/10—Materials in mouldable or extrudable form for sealing or packing joints or covers
- C09K2003/1084—Laminates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2200/00—Chemical nature of materials in mouldable or extrudable form for sealing or packing joints or covers
- C09K2200/02—Inorganic compounds
- C09K2200/0243—Silica-rich compounds, e.g. silicates, cement, glass
- C09K2200/0252—Clays
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2200/00—Chemical nature of materials in mouldable or extrudable form for sealing or packing joints or covers
- C09K2200/02—Inorganic compounds
- C09K2200/0243—Silica-rich compounds, e.g. silicates, cement, glass
- C09K2200/0265—Mica
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sheet suitable for a sealing material and a manufacturing method thereof.
- Sealing materials such as gaskets and packing are used for piping flanges and the like in various industries.
- the sealing material is required to have the following characteristics. First, since piping is often exposed to high temperatures, heat-resistant sealing properties are required. In addition, since the sealing material is cut from the sheet at the time of manufacture, the sealing material needs to be strong enough to withstand punching with a Thomson blade. Furthermore, the sealing material is also required to have abundant compression so that it can be in close contact with a flange having an uneven surface.
- a sealing material made of expanded graphite is known as a sealing material used in a high temperature region (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 4).
- a sealing material made of expanded graphite has sufficient elasticity and excellent heat resistance.
- expanded graphite is accelerated in the presence of oxygen in the temperature range exceeding 500 ° C., it is difficult to maintain a stable sealing property over a long period of time.
- Patent Documents 5 to 7 disclose a sealing material using mica.
- the sealing material of Patent Document 5 is a composite of swellable mica and fiber (vortex), but since the fiber is used, the sealing property is poor, and furthermore, it is produced by papermaking (paper making), so when dried. The peeled mica re-agglomerated and only a dense thin film was formed, and the amount of compression was small.
- the sealing material of Patent Document 6 is a non-swellable mica sheet (vortex), but only a high-density sheet can be produced, so the amount of compression was small.
- the sealing material of Patent Document 7 is a swellable mica film, is in a film form, and has a small amount of compression.
- Patent Documents 8 to 10 disclose sealing materials using clay. Since the sealing material of Patent Document 8 orients the scale fillers in parallel, it becomes a dense film, but only a high-density sheet can be made therefor. Therefore, since the amount of compression is small and the unevenness on the flange surface cannot be filled, the sealing property in the surface direction is low.
- the sealing material of Patent Document 9 is putting an organic foaming agent into a clay film and trying to close the gap (contact surface leakage) with the flange by the repulsive force caused by the decomposition of the organic foaming agent. As a result, the sealing performance is ultimately lowered.
- the sealing material of Patent Document 10 is a composite of clay and fiber, and is a composite of clay and fiber that imparts flexibility with fibers, and imparts flexibility with fibers, but has poor sealing properties.
- the objective of this invention is providing the sheet
- a sheet made of flaky clay mineral A sheet having a density of 1.6 g / cm 3 or less and a compressibility of 20% or more.
- the natural clay or synthetic clay is mica, vermiculite, montmorillonite, iron montmorillonite, beidellite, saponite, hectorite, stevensite, or nontronite. 5.
- 12 A method for producing a sheet in which flaky clay minerals are collected without being oriented and formed into a sheet. 13.
- 14 The method for producing a sheet according to 12 or 13, wherein the clay mineral is peeled to obtain the flaky clay mineral.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a sheet and a sealing material that are excellent in heat resistance, have a large amount of compression, and have excellent strength in handling properties.
- FIG. 4 is an electron micrograph of a cross section of a sheet produced in Comparative Example 2.
- 6 is a graph showing heat sealability of sheets produced in Example 4 and Comparative Example 2.
- the sheet of the present invention is a collection of flaky clay minerals that are not oriented, there are fine voids inside, and the amount of compression is abundant. As a result, it is possible to absorb unevenness and deflection on the flange surface, and it can be used as a sealing material, and is particularly suitable as a sealing material for a flange.
- FIGS. 1 to 3 leakage when a sealing material is used for a flange of a pipe will be described.
- a ring-shaped sealing material 10 is interposed between the flanges 3 of the pipe 1 and is fastened with bolts 7 and nuts 5.
- a gas or liquid passes through the pipe 1 in the direction of the arrow.
- the sealing material 10 is required to have a compression amount that absorbs unevenness and deflection of the surface in contact with the flange 3.
- An entity leak is a leak that passes through a sealant.
- a contact leak is a leak from between the seal and the flange.
- the cause of this contact surface leakage is caused by irregularities on the flange surface that occur when processing the flange, gaps that occur on the contact surface between the flange and the sealing material due to deflection that occurs when the flange is tightened with bolts, and heating and cooling. This is the thermal strain of the flange. Since the sealing material of the present invention has an abundant amount of compression, as shown in FIG. 2 (b), when it is tightened with a bolt, it conforms to irregularities and deflections on the flange surface, and can prevent contact surface leakage.
- the sealing material of the present invention is not oriented with flaky clay minerals, is irregularly arranged, has fine voids inside, is rich in compression, and has a flange surface. Since it is possible to absorb unevenness and deflection, there is little contact surface leakage when used for a flange with unevenness on the surface.
- the flaky clay mineral is oriented as shown in FIG. 3B, since there are few voids inside and the amount of compression is poor, it is not possible to absorb irregularities and deflections on the flange surface. The contact surface leakage is large when it is used for flanges with unevenness.
- the sheet of the present invention is a collection of flaky clay minerals not oriented, when measured by the method described in the Examples, the gas (helium gas) permeability coefficient in the thickness direction is large, for example, it is 3.7 ⁇ 10 -5 cm 2 s -1 cmHg -1 or more.
- the thickness of the flaky clay mineral constituting the sheet of the present invention is usually 0.5 nm to 1000 nm.
- a flaky clay mineral can be obtained by various methods. For example, a method of peeling off a clay mineral by repeating alcohol washing (JP 2008-13401, etc.), a method of producing a thin nanosheet by a sol-gel method (JP 2958440, JP 2013-32438, etc.), freezing using a clay mineral A method of drying (JP-A-1997-315877, JP-A-9-315877, JP-A-2636204, JP-A-2009-242617, etc.), a method of fixing the resin in a state where the clay mineral is peeled off, and burning the resin as it is (JP-A-2003-315877) And other methods (Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 6-172058, 2009-234867, 2012-201550, etc.).
- the clay mineral may be a natural clay mineral or a synthetic clay mineral, and examples thereof include mica, vermiculite, montmorillonite, iron montmorillonite, beidellite, saponite, hectorite, stevensite, or nontronite. These clay minerals are layered compounds in which flakes are laminated in layers.
- a peeled body from which the clay mineral has been peeled can be used.
- the peeled body is preferably a single layer, but may be a peeled body in which a plurality of layers are laminated. This peeled body has a strong correlation with the thickness of the laminate or the bulk density of the laminate, and the smaller the bulk density, the thinner the peeled body.
- the exfoliated material from which the clay mineral used for producing the sheet of the present invention has been exfoliated is preferred to have a larger compression amount as the bulk density is smaller.
- the bulk density is preferably 0.4 g / cm 3 or less. Within this range, an appropriate amount of compression can be obtained, and a sheet having bending strength that can withstand punching can be obtained. Preferably it is 0.2 g / cm 3 or less, more preferably 0.1 g / cm 3 or less.
- the density of the sheet of the present invention is preferably 1.6 g / cm 3 or less, more preferably 1.5 g / cm 3 or less, still more preferably 1.4 g / cm 3 or less, and most preferably 1.1 g / cm 3 or less. It is.
- the lower limit is not limited but is usually 0.25 g / cm 3 or more.
- the compression ratio of the sheet of the present invention is preferably 20% or more when measured by the method described in the examples.
- the upper limit is not limited, but is usually 90% or less. If the compression ratio is large, the familiarity with the flange can be maintained. More preferably, it is 23% or more, and further preferably 25% or more.
- the sheet of the present invention preferably has a sealability decrease (heat resistance) after a heating cycle (three times) test at 450 ° C. or higher in an air atmosphere when measured by the method described in the examples, and more preferably 5 times or less. 2 times or less.
- the bending strength is 1 MPa or more, more preferably 1.5 MPa or more when measured by the method described in the Examples. If the bending strength is high, it can sufficiently withstand punching. Although an upper limit is not limited, Usually, it is 25 Mpa or less.
- the porosity of the present invention refers to the ratio of the total volume of voids having a major axis of 15 ⁇ m or more contained in the sheet to the sheet volume. From the viewpoint of strength, when measured by the method described in the examples, it is preferable that the void ratio of the long diameter of 15 ⁇ m or more is 3% by volume or less. More preferably, it is 1.5 volume% or less.
- the amount of leakage in the surface direction with a clamping surface pressure of 34 MPa is preferably 0.4 atmcc / min or less, more preferably 0.35 atmcc / min or less, and even more preferably. Is 0.2 atmcc / min or less.
- the sheet of the present invention can contain a binder in addition to the flaky clay mineral as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- seat of this invention can comprise 90 weight% or more, 95 weight% or more, 98 weight% or more, or 100 weight% from a flaky clay mineral.
- the sheet of the present invention can be produced by collecting flaky clay minerals without orientation and forming them into a sheet shape.
- the method for producing the flaky clay mineral is not limited.
- the clay mineral is exfoliated, and the dispersion in which the flaky clay mineral is dispersed is frozen, freeze-dried as it is, and then compression-molded.
- the layer that swells and constitutes the mica peels off to obtain a dispersion.
- the moisture is dried while the dispersed state is maintained, and the mica peeled body is obtained in a state where the mica peeled body is irregularly dispersed.
- a sheet having an arbitrary density and size can be obtained by putting the mica peeled body into a mold and compression molding to an arbitrary thickness.
- the thickness of the obtained sheet is usually about 0.1 to 10 mm.
- the sheet of the present invention can be used for various industries, automobile exhaust pipes, and other piping sealing materials, such as gaskets and packings.
- the sheet can be used as the sealing material itself, but can also be used as a part of the sealing material.
- the sheet of the present invention can be applied as a surface layer material to both surfaces of a member (metal body) having irregularities such as predetermined grooves on both surfaces and used as a gasket. At the time of tightening, the surface layer material enters the unevenness, and the damage to the flange can be reduced and the sealing performance is enhanced.
- Example 1 Preparation of Montmorillonite Nanosheet As clay, add 2 g of natural montmorillonite “Kunipia M” (Kunimine Industries Co., Ltd.) to 98 g of distilled water, and put it in a glass beaker with a Teflon (registered trademark) stirrer chip. The mixture was stirred with a magnetic stirrer to obtain a uniform clay dispersion. This clay dispersion was frozen using liquid nitrogen. The ice was freeze-dried using a freeze dryer “FDU-2110” (manufactured by Tokyo Rika Kikai Co., Ltd.) to obtain a montmorillonite exfoliation body (montmorillonite nanosheet) (flaky clay mineral).
- the bulk density of the peeled body was measured by the following method. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the bulk density was measured indoors at 23 ° C. using an electronic balance “MC-1000” (manufactured by A & D Co., Ltd.).
- MC-1000 manufactured by A & D Co., Ltd.
- the weight of a metal cylindrical container having a volume of 25 cm 3 and an inner diameter of 20 mm was measured.
- An excessive amount of the peeled body was put into this container, the peeled body protruding from the container was scraped with a metal plate, the weight of the container and the peeled body was measured, and the bulk density of the peeled body was calculated from the following formula.
- W 0 Metal container [g]
- W 1 Weight of peeled body and metal container [g]
- V Metal container volume [cm 3 ]
- Example 2 Exfoliated montmorillonite was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 30 g of natural montmorillonite “Kunipia M” (Kunimine Kogyo Co., Ltd.) was replaced with 70 g of distilled water. A sheet was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 by using 0.853 g of the montmorillonite peel-off body.
- Example 3 The same procedure as in Example 1 was used except that a chemically treated vermiculite “Micro Light Powder (registered trademark)” (manufactured by Specialty Vermiculite Corporation) was crushed in a mortar so that the median diameter: D50 was 4 ⁇ m. A release body of vermiculite was obtained. A sheet was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 by using 0.898 g of this vermiculite exfoliation body.
- Example 4 A peeled mica was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the clay was changed to swellable mica “DMA-350” (manufactured by Topy Industries Co., Ltd.), which is sodium tetrasilicon mica. A sheet was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 by using 0.889 g of this mica peeled body.
- DMA-350 swellable mica
- Example 5 A sheet was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 using the mica peeled body of Example 4 and using 1.27 g of this mica peeled body.
- Example 6 A mica peeled body was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 30 g of sodium tetrasilicon mica, which is swellable mica “DMA-350” (manufactured by Topy Industries, Ltd.), was used as the clay. A sheet was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 by using 0.453 g of this mica peeled body.
- Comparative Example 2 A sheet made of montmorillonite was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 of Patent Document 8. Specifically, the clay dispersion obtained in Example 1 is poured into a tray, the clay dispersion is left to stand horizontally, clay particles are slowly deposited, and the tray is kept in a horizontal state while being forced The sheet was dried in a blowing oven at a temperature of 50 ° C. for 5 hours to obtain a sheet having a thickness of about 40 ⁇ m. A scanning electron micrograph of the cross section of the obtained sheet is shown in FIG. It can be seen that the montmorillonite nanosheets are oriented.
- Evaluation Example 1 The following characteristics of the sheets obtained in Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
- a compression rate means the value calculated
- the compression rate of the sheet sample was measured using a universal material testing machine “AG-100kN” (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation).
- AG-100kN manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation.
- a metal cylindrical plate having a diameter of 15 mm and a thickness of 2 mm was compressed at a speed of 0.1 mm / min, and the strain at the time of 34 MPa compression was measured in advance.
- a sample having a diameter of 15 mm and a thickness of 1 mm ⁇ 0.05 mm was compressed at a speed of 0.1 mm / min, and the strain when a load of 34 MPa was applied was measured. Calculated.
- ⁇ 1 Strain when the sample is compressed to 34 MPa [mm]
- ⁇ 0 strain when the metal plate is compressed to 34 MPa [mm]
- t Initial thickness [mm]
- the porosity of the sample was measured using an X-ray CT apparatus “SKYSCAN1072” (manufactured by Bruker-microCT). The sample used for the measurement was carefully cut with a razor blade so as to form a cube with one side of 1 to 2 mm, and adjusted so that no cracks were generated in the sample.
- the measurement conditions of the X-ray CT apparatus were set to a magnification of 120.2 (resolution: 2.28 ⁇ m / pixel), an X-ray tube voltage of 100 kV, a tube current of 98 ⁇ A, and the sample was exposed for 1.1 seconds, 2 frames, and rotated.
- step 0.23 ° the image was rotated from 0 to 180 °, and a transmission image was taken.
- the imaging was performed so that not only the sample but also the surrounding space was included, the line profile of the transmission image was confirmed, and the gain was adjusted so that there was a difference between the sample portion and the space portion.
- Use the reconstruction software “nRecon” manufactured by Bruker-microCT) to set the CT value (black-and-white gray value of the image) so that the peaks of the space part and sample part are completely included in the captured transmission image. 3D data was obtained.
- a portion not broken by cutting is extracted as a region of interest (300 ⁇ 320 ⁇ 230 pixels), and a histogram of the gray values of the space and the sample The median value of both peaks was read.
- This gray value was segmented using the gap threshold as a threshold, and the volume of each gap was measured by the Marching Cubes method. From the measured volume, those having a void diameter of 15 ⁇ m or more were extracted, and the ratio between the total volume in the region of interest and the total sum of voids of 15 ⁇ m or more was defined as the void ratio (volume%).
- V Volume in piping container [m 3 ]
- V 0 Volume of the pipe container volume that has been measured in advance [m 3 ]
- P 0 Initial applied pressure [MPa]
- P 1 Opening pressure [MPa]
- (E) Permeability coefficient in the thickness direction The gas permeability coefficient in the thickness direction was measured according to the differential pressure method of JIS K7126-1, and a differential pressure type gas permeation tester “GTR-30ANI” (manufactured by GTR Tech Co., Ltd.) And measured. The sample used for the measurement was cut with a cutter knife so that a 0.5 mm thick sheet had a diameter of 58 mm.
- the gas permeation coefficient was measured under the conditions of a sample temperature of 30 ° C., a measurement cell with a permeation cross-sectional area of 15.2 cm 2 , helium gas loaded at 0.049 MPa, and helium permeated for an arbitrary time at a differential pressure of 0.149 MPa. The amount of gas was measured, and the gas permeability coefficient was calculated from the following equation. All tests were performed in a room at 23 ⁇ 0.5 ° C.
- GTR Gas permeability coefficient [cm 2 ⁇ sec ⁇ 1 ⁇ cmHg ⁇ 1 ]
- Q Amount of leakage [cm 3 ]
- T Sample thickness [cm]
- A Transmission cross section [cm 2 ]
- t Test time [sec]
- ⁇ P differential pressure [cmHg ⁇ 1 ]
- the obtained sheet was punched with a Thomson blade and a ring with an outer diameter of 30 mm and an inner diameter of 15 mm was installed on the flange of 25A made of SUS-F304, and the flange was tightened at 34 MPa using four M16 bolts made of SUS-F304.
- the initial leakage amount when 1 MPa of nitrogen gas was added was measured and calculated by the same pressure drop method as the leakage amount in the (d) plane direction of Evaluation Example 1.
- This flange was installed in a high-temperature humidity chamber (Super High Temp Oven SSP H-101) “Espec Co., Ltd.” and heated from 40 ° C. to 600 ° C. at a temperature rising rate of 5 ° C./min in the air atmosphere.
- the temperature was maintained at ° C for 17 hours, and the temperature was lowered to 40 ° C at 5 ° C / min. After holding the flange in a room at 23 ° C. ⁇ 0.5 ° C. for 6 hours, the amount of leakage was measured and the change from the initial amount of leakage was evaluated. This heating operation was repeated three times, and the change from the initial leakage amount was calculated.
- the sheet of the present invention can be used for various industries, automobile exhaust pipes, and other piping sealing materials, such as gaskets and packings.
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Abstract
Description
シール材には以下の特性が求められている。まず、配管は高温に曝されることが多いため、耐熱シール性が求められる。また、シール材は、製造の際、シートから切り取られるため、トムソン刃による打ち抜き加工に耐えられる強度が必要である。さらに、シール材は、表面に凹凸のあるフランジと密着できるように圧縮量が豊富であることも求められる。
本発明の目的は、耐熱性に優れ、圧縮量が大きく、かつハンドリング性に優れた強度を有するシート及びシール材を提供することである。
1.薄片状粘土鉱物からなるシートであって、
密度が1.6g/cm3以下であり、圧縮率が20%以上であるシート。
2.厚さ方向のヘリウムガスの気体透過係数が3.7×10-5cm2s-1cmHg-1以上である1記載のシート。
3.前記粘土鉱物が、天然粘土又は合成粘土である1又は2記載のシート。
4.前記天然粘土又は合成粘土が、マイカ、バーミキュライト、モンモリロナイト、鉄モンモリロナイト、バイデライト、サポナイト、ヘクトライト、スチーブンサイト、又はノントロナイトである3記載のシート。
5.前記薄片状粘土鉱物の厚さが、0.5nm~1000nmである1~4のいずれか記載のシート。
6.前記薄片状粘土鉱物が、1層又は2層以上の積層体である1~5のいずれか記載のシート。
7.長径15μm以上の空隙の、空隙率が3体積%以下である1~6のいずれか記載のシート。
8.大気雰囲気下450℃以上の加熱サイクル試験後のシール性低下が5倍以内である1~7のいずれか記載のシート。
9.曲げ強度が1MPa以上である1~8のいずれか記載のシート。
10.1~9のいずれか記載のシートを用いたシール材。
11.ガスケット又はパッキンである10記載のシール材。
12.薄片状粘土鉱物を、配向させずに集めてシート状に成形するシートの製造方法。
13.前記薄片状粘土鉱物が分散した分散液を氷結させ、凍結乾燥させた後、圧縮成形する12記載のシートの製造方法。
14.粘土鉱物を剥離して、前記薄片状粘土鉱物を得る12又は13記載のシートの製造方法。
15.前記薄片状粘土鉱物の嵩密度が0.4g/cm3以下である12~14のいずれか記載のシートの製造方法。
図1に示すように、配管1のフランジ3の間にリング状のシール材10を介在させ、ボルト7とナット5で止める。配管1の中を、矢印の方向に気体又は液体が通る。このとき、気体又は液体は、シール材10の面方向に漏れる恐れがあるため、シール材10はフランジ3と接触する面の凹凸やたわみを吸収する圧縮量が求められる。
例えば、アルコール洗浄を繰り返して粘土鉱物を剥離する方法(特開2008-13401等)、ゾルゲル法で薄いナノシートを作製する方法(特許2958440、特開2013-32438等)、粘土鉱物を使用し、凍結乾燥する方法(特開1997-315877、特開平9-315877、特許2636204、特開2009-242617等)、粘土鉱物を剥離した状態で樹脂で固定し、そのまま樹脂を焼き飛ばす方法(特開2003-550652等)、その他の方法(特開平6-172058、特開2009-234867、特開2012-201550等)がある。
この剥離体は、剥離度合いを積層体の厚さ、又は積層体の嵩密度と相関が強く、嵩密度が小さい程、薄い剥離の積層体であることを意味する。
例えば、粘土鉱物を剥離して、薄片状粘土鉱物が分散した分散液を氷結し、そのまま凍結乾燥させ、その後、圧縮成形する。例えば、粘土鉱物として、膨潤性マイカを用いるとき、膨潤性マイカを水に入れると膨潤してマイカを構成する層が剥離して、分散液が得られる。これを氷結し、凍結乾燥すると分散状態が維持されたまま水分が乾燥され、マイカの剥離体が不規則に分散布した状態でマイカの剥離体が得られる。このマイカの剥離体を金型に投入し、任意の厚さまで圧縮成型することで任意の密度、大きさのシートが得られる。
(1)モンモリロナイトナノシートの作製
粘土として、2gの天然モンモリロナイトである「クニピアM」(クニミネ工業株式会社製)を98gの蒸留水に加え、ガラス製ビーカーにテフロン(登録商標)製のスターラーチップとともに入れ、マグネチックスターラーで攪拌し、均一な粘土分散液を得た。この粘土分散液を、液体窒素を用いて氷結させた。この氷を凍結乾燥機「FDU-2110」(東京理化機器株式会社製)を用いて凍結乾燥して、モンモリロナイトの剥離体(モンモリロナイトナノシート)(薄片状粘土鉱物)を得た。
嵩密度は、電子天秤「MC-1000」(株式会社エー・アンド・デイ製)を用い、23℃の室内で測定した。まず、容積25cm3で内径20mmの金属製円筒容器の重量を測定した。この容器に剥離体を過剰量投入し、容器から飛び出している剥離体を金属板ですり切り、容器と剥離体の重量を測定し、以下の式より、剥離体の嵩密度を算出した。
このモンモリロナイトの剥離体0.844gを金型(径34mm、深さ1mmの円柱状の窪みがあるもの)に投入し、厚さ1mmとなるように平滑な金属板で圧縮成型し、シートを得た。
シートの密度は0.93g/cm3、厚さは1mmであった。
得られたシートの断面の走査型電子顕微鏡写真を図4に示す。剥離体(モンモリロナイトナノシート)が配向しないで不規則に集合しているのが分かる。
モンモリロナイトナノシートは1層又は積層体であり、厚みを電解放射型電子走査顕微鏡「JSM7600」(日本電子株式会社製)により10点測定した結果、10~800nmであった。
粘土として、30gの天然モンモリロナイトである「クニピアM」(クニミネ工業株式会社製)を70gの蒸留水に変えた他は実施例1と同様にしてモンモリロナイトの剥離体を得た。このモンモリロナイトの剥離体0.853gを使用して実施例1と同様にシートを作製した。
粘土として、化学処理バーミキュライト「Micro Light Powder(登録商標)」(Specialty Vermiculite Corporation製)を乳鉢でメディアン径:D50が4μmとなるように粉砕したものを用いた他は、実施例1と同様にしてバーミキュライトの剥離体を得た。このバーミキュライトの剥離体0.898gを使用して実施例1と同様にシートを作製した。
粘土として、ナトリウム四珪素マイカである膨潤性マイカ「DMA-350」(トピー工業株式会社製)に変えた他は、実施例1と同様にしてマイカの剥離体を得た。このマイカの剥離体0.889gを使用して実施例1と同様にシートを作製した。
実施例4のマイカの剥離体を用い、このマイカの剥離体1.27gを使用して実施例1と同様にシートを作製した。
粘土として、30gのナトリウム四珪素マイカである膨潤性マイカ「DMA-350」(トピー工業株式会社製)に変えた他は、実施例1と同様にしてマイカの剥離体を得た。このマイカの剥離体0.453gを使用して実施例1と同様にシートを作製した。
実施例4のマイカの剥離体を用い、このマイカの剥離体1.54gを使用して実施例1と同様にシートを作製した。
特許文献8の実施例1と同様にして、モンモリナイトからなるシートを作製した。具体的には、上記実施例1で得られた粘土分散液を、トレイに注ぎ、粘土分散液を水平に静置し、粘土粒子をゆっくり沈積させるとともに、トレイの水平を保った状態で、強制送風式オーブン中で50℃の温度条件下で5時間乾燥して、厚さ約40μmのシートを得た。得られたシートの断面の走査型電子顕微鏡写真を図5に示す。モンモリロナイトナノシートが配向しているのが分かる。
実施例1~6と比較例1,2で得られたシートについて以下の特性を測定した。結果を表1に示す。
圧縮率は、配管等のガスケットとして通常使用される面圧を想定し、34MPaまで圧縮した際の変形量と初期の厚さの比から求めた値を意味する。
シートサンプルの圧縮率測定は、万能材料試験機「AG-100kN」(株式会社島津製作所製)を用いて測定した。まず、圧縮試験装置自体の歪みを測定する目的で、φ15mm、厚さ2mmの金属円柱板を0.1mm/minの速度で圧縮し、34MPa圧縮時の歪みを予め測定した。
次に、直径15mm、厚さ1mm±0.05mmのサンプルを0.1mm/minの速度で圧縮し、34MPaの荷重がかかった時の歪みを測定し、以下の式より圧縮量と圧縮率を算出した。
シートサンプルの曲げ強度は、動的粘弾性スペクトロメーター「RSAIII」(TAインスツルメンツ社製)を用いて測定した。測定に用いたサンプルは、幅10mm、長さ20mm、厚さ1mmのものを使用した。測定は三点曲げ試験で行い、支点間距離10mm、試験速度1mm/minの条件で実施し、最大荷重を測定し、以下の式から曲げ強度を算出した。
サンプルの空隙率は、X線CT装置「SKYSCAN1072」(Bruker-microCT社製)を用いて測定した。測定に用いたサンプルは、1辺が1~2mmの立方体になるようにカミソリ刃で慎重に切断し、サンプル内に切断による亀裂が発生しないよう調整した。
X線CT装置の測定条件は、倍率120.2倍(分解能2.28μm/pixel)、X線の管電圧100kV、管電流98μAに設定し、サンプルを露光時間1.1秒、2フレーム、回転ステップ0.23°で0~180°まで回転させ、透過像を撮像した。なお、撮像はサンプルだけでなく必ずその周囲の空間も入るよう行い、透過像のラインプロファイルを確認し、サンプル部と空間部に差がみられるようにゲインを調整した。
撮像した透過像は再構成ソフトウェア「nRecon」(Bruker-microCT社製)を用い、空間部とサンプル部のピークが完全に入るようにCT値(画像の白黒グレー値)を設定し、再構成を行い3Dデータを得た。
次に、3Dデータからソフトウェア「VGStudioMAX」(ボリュームグラフィックス株式会社製)を用い、切断による破壊の無い部分を関心領域(300×320×230ピクセル)として抽出し、空間とサンプルのグレー値のヒストグラムから両ピークの中央値を読み取った。
このグレー値を空隙の閾値として、セグメント化し、Marching Cubes法により個々空隙の体積を計測した。
計測体積の中から、空隙直径15μm以上のものを抽出し、関心領域中の全体積と15μm以上の空隙の総和との比を空隙率(体積%)とした。
シートの面方向のシール性は、圧力降下法で測定した。具体的には、シートサンプルを外径30mm、内径15mmのドーナッツ状にトムソン刃で打抜き加工した試験体を用い、試験体をSUS304製の中央に試験ガスを付加するための穴の開いた金属板(直径100mm、厚さ50mm、平均表面粗さ:Ra=0.5μm、中心穴径3mm)に設置した。これらを、万能材料試験機「AG-100kN」(株式会社島津製作所製)に設置し、SUS304製の金属板(直径100mm、厚さ50mm、平均表面粗さ:Ra=0.5μm)を圧縮板として用い、5mm/minの速度で試験体に34MPaかかるまで圧縮した。
本試験で用いた配管容器内体積を測定するため、試験体内径側に内圧が1MPaとなるように窒素ガスを供給し、バルブを閉じて密閉した。これに予め配管容器内体積を測定してある配管(485.56cm3)に接続し、内圧を開放した。この際の残圧を測定し、以下の式より配管容器内体積を算出した。
厚さ方向のガス透過係数は、JIS K7126-1の差圧法に沿って実施し、差圧式ガス透過試験機「GTR-30ANI」(GTRテック株式会社製)を用いて測定した。測定に用いたサンプルは、厚さ0.5mmのシートをφ58mmになるようにカッターナイフで切断した。ガス透過係数の測定条件は、サンプル温度を30℃とし、透過断面積を15.2cm2の測定セルを用い、ヘリウムガスを0.049MPa負荷し、差圧0.149MPaで任意の時間透過したヘリウムガス量を測定し、以下の式よりガス透過係数を算出した。なお、試験はすべて23±0.5℃の室内で行った。
実施例4、比較例2で得られたシートについて、以下の方法で加熱シール性を測定した。結果を図6に示す。
本願のパリ優先の基礎となる日本出願明細書の内容を全てここに援用する。
Claims (15)
- 薄片状粘土鉱物からなるシートであって、
密度が1.6g/cm3以下であり、圧縮率が20%以上であるシート。 - 厚さ方向のヘリウムガスの気体透過係数が3.7×10-5cm2s-1cmHg-1以上である請求項1記載のシート。
- 前記粘土鉱物が、天然粘土又は合成粘土である請求項1又は2記載のシート。
- 前記天然粘土又は合成粘土が、マイカ、バーミキュライト、モンモリロナイト、鉄モンモリロナイト、バイデライト、サポナイト、ヘクトライト、スチーブンサイト、又はノントロナイトである請求項3記載のシート。
- 前記薄片状粘土鉱物の厚さが、0.5nm~1000nmである請求項1~4のいずれか記載のシート。
- 前記薄片状粘土鉱物が、1層又は2層以上の積層体である請求項1~5のいずれか記載のシート。
- 長径15μm以上の空隙の、空隙率が3体積%以下である請求項1~6のいずれか記載のシート。
- 大気雰囲気下450℃以上の加熱サイクル試験後のシール性低下が5倍以内である請求項1~7のいずれか記載のシート。
- 曲げ強度が1MPa以上である請求項1~8のいずれか記載のシート。
- 請求項1~9のいずれか記載のシートを用いたシール材。
- ガスケット又はパッキンである請求項10記載のシール材。
- 薄片状粘土鉱物を、配向させずに集めてシート状に成形するシートの製造方法。
- 前記薄片状粘土鉱物が分散した分散液を氷結させ、凍結乾燥させた後、圧縮成形する請求項12記載のシートの製造方法。
- 粘土鉱物を剥離して、前記薄片状粘土鉱物を得る請求項12又は13記載のシートの製造方法。
- 前記薄片状粘土鉱物の嵩密度が0.4g/cm3以下である請求項12~14のいずれか記載のシートの製造方法。
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EP3029122A4 (en) | 2017-05-10 |
US10563104B2 (en) | 2020-02-18 |
EP3029122A1 (en) | 2016-06-08 |
JP6433426B2 (ja) | 2018-12-05 |
US20160194536A1 (en) | 2016-07-07 |
JPWO2015015737A1 (ja) | 2017-03-02 |
CN105531341B (zh) | 2018-03-16 |
EP3029122B1 (en) | 2021-10-13 |
CN105531341A (zh) | 2016-04-27 |
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