WO2014203782A1 - 熱可塑性樹脂部材で形成されたモノコック構造の車体 - Google Patents
熱可塑性樹脂部材で形成されたモノコック構造の車体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014203782A1 WO2014203782A1 PCT/JP2014/065477 JP2014065477W WO2014203782A1 WO 2014203782 A1 WO2014203782 A1 WO 2014203782A1 JP 2014065477 W JP2014065477 W JP 2014065477W WO 2014203782 A1 WO2014203782 A1 WO 2014203782A1
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- vehicle body
- vehicle
- resin composition
- lower body
- upper body
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D23/00—Combined superstructure and frame, i.e. monocoque constructions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
- B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D21/00—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted
- B62D21/12—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted assembled from readily detachable parts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D25/00—Superstructure or monocoque structure sub-units; Parts or details thereof not otherwise provided for
- B62D25/20—Floors or bottom sub-units
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D29/00—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof
- B62D29/04—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof predominantly of synthetic material
- B62D29/046—Combined superstructure and frame, i.e. monocoque constructions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D29/00—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof
- B62D29/04—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof predominantly of synthetic material
- B62D29/048—Connections therefor, e.g. joints
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
- B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
- B60K2001/0405—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion characterised by their position
- B60K2001/0438—Arrangement under the floor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
- B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
- B60Y2200/10—Road Vehicles
- B60Y2200/11—Passenger cars; Automobiles
- B60Y2200/112—City movers, small sized city motor vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
- B60Y2306/00—Other features of vehicle sub-units
- B60Y2306/01—Reducing damages in case of crash, e.g. by improving battery protection
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a monocoque vehicle body formed by fastening a transparent resin part, which is an integrally molded product obtained by molding a transparent thermoplastic resin composition, and is lightweight and in operation. It is a vehicle body that can ensure the entire field of view, is easy to manufacture, and has the rigidity required for the vehicle body.
- the vehicle body structure of the present invention is particularly suitable for the body of a micro electric vehicle for one or two passengers.
- ultra-small mobility such as micro-electric vehicles
- energy saving and CO 2 reduction are required, and in a situation where aging, depopulation, and abolition of local public transportation are advancing, it can be driven with small power and is easy for the elderly to drive.
- ultra-compact mobility that can be offered at a price is expected as a new means of transportation.
- “COMS” a single-seater ultra-compact electric vehicle, is sold by Toyota Auto Body Co., Ltd.
- the present invention provides a vehicle body that is particularly suitable for ultra-compact mobility such as a micro-electric vehicle, is lightweight, has good visibility during driving, is easy to manufacture, and has the rigidity required for the vehicle body. To do.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that in the body of a small vehicle for one or two passengers, the lower body half is integrally formed by press-molding a metal plate such as a steel plate or a fiber-reinforced synthetic resin material such as FRP. ing.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a vehicle assembly in which a thin-walled high surface gloss plastic upper member and a fiber-reinforced plastic lower member are joined for small vehicles such as lawns and garden tractors. In order to improve the hardness or rigidity of the assembly, it is disclosed that at least three multi-sided sealed compartments are formed by an upper member and a lower member.
- the outer body of an underbody is formed in a body made of synthetic resin with all major parts such as underbody, side member, upper body inner, upper body outer, hood, front bumper, rear bumper, and roof. It is disclosed that the rigidity of the vehicle body is kept high by forming a substantially box-shaped reinforcing portion that opens downward so as to surround the whole and forming a raised portion that passes in the front-rear direction at the center of the underbody. .
- Synthetic resin has lower rigidity than steel plates, so when using synthetic resin for structural members such as the lower body of the car body, the rigidity of the car body tends to decrease, and the steering characteristics change due to deformation of the car body during travel. As a result, there arises a problem that steering stability deteriorates.
- the lower body (lower car body half, lower member) is formed of fiber reinforced plastic such as FRP, and it takes time to mold the lower body.
- the lower body (underbody) is made of a synthetic resin similar to many main parts such as side members, upper body inner, upper body outer, etc., but the number of parts constituting the vehicle body
- it takes time and effort to mold and assemble the components and there is no disclosure about securing a space in which the battery can be mounted and fixing means for the battery mounted in this space.
- a main object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle body structure that is lightweight, can provide a full view during driving, can be easily manufactured, and has a rigidity required as a vehicle body. Furthermore, since the vehicle body of the present invention is particularly suitable for the body of a micro electric vehicle for one or two passengers, it provides a vehicle body structure that facilitates mounting, fixing, maintenance and inspection of automobile parts such as batteries. It is also a subject of the present invention.
- the gist of the present invention is shown below.
- a monocoque vehicle body formed by The lower body has a bottom surface and a flange portion provided so as to rise upward from the entire circumference of the bottom surface, In the center of the bottom surface of the lower body, a ridge that is continuous from the vehicle front part to the vehicle rear part is provided, In the vehicle central portion of the lower body, there are formed at least two spaces surrounded by the flange portion, the convex strip portion, and the bottom surface, in which automobile parts such as a battery can be mounted.
- Automotive parts such as batteries mounted in this space can be fixed by fastening the lower body and the floor, A vehicle body formed by placing the upper body and the floor on the lower body and fastening the upper body and the floor to the flange portion and the ridge portion of the lower body.
- a vehicle body formed by placing the upper body and the floor on the lower body and fastening the upper body and the floor to the flange portion and the ridge portion of the lower body.
- the transparent thermoplastic resin composition constituting the upper body is a polycarbonate resin composition
- the thermoplastic resin composition constituting the lower body and the floor is a polycarbonate resin composition or a polyamide resin composition.
- a plurality of independent protrusions are provided on the bottom surface of the lower body, and fastening between the lower body, the upper body, and the floor is added to the flange portion and the protrusions of the lower body.
- a seat belt, a fall prevention member, a rain door, or the like is attached to the frame member.
- a part of the flange portion located at the lower part of the entrance / exit is extended to the outside so that a cross-sectional shape of the extension portion is led downward and then substantially U-shaped.
- the at least upper surface of the upper body is provided with two ridge lines that are bilaterally symmetrical with respect to the center line in the front-rear direction of the vehicle body and substantially parallel to the center line. The car body.
- the vehicle body of the present invention is formed from resin parts, it can be made lighter than a metal or fiber reinforced synthetic resin material such as FRP. In particular, it is suitable as a vehicle body for ultra-small mobility such as a micro-electric vehicle driven with small power.
- the upper body of the vehicle body of the present invention is molded using a transparent thermoplastic resin composition, the entire field of view during operation can be secured.
- the upper bodies such as the front upper body and the rear upper body are transparent, improving the visibility of objects existing in the immediate vicinity, such as infants and small animals, and the position and cutting angle of the tire can be confirmed. Wheels and ride-ups can be prevented, and rear visibility is improved to improve safety, so even elderly people can drive safely.
- the vehicle body of the present invention has an upper body (the upper body can be divided into a plurality of parts such as a front upper body, a rear upper body, and a roof), a floor, and a lower body integrated with a thermoplastic composition. Since it is formed by fastening after molding, it can be easily manufactured, and as a result, a vehicle using this vehicle body can be provided at a low price. In particular, in order to promote the use of ultra-compact mobility such as ultra-compact electric vehicles, it is necessary to provide this at a low price, so that it is a great advantage that the vehicle body can be easily manufactured.
- the vehicle body of the present invention has increased rigidity due to the flange portion and the ridge portion provided on the lower body, and the flange portion and the ridge portion provide an upper body (the upper body has a front upper body, a rear upper body, and a When divided into roofs, the front upper body and rear upper body) and the floor are fastened to the lower body, ensuring the rigidity required for ultra-small mobility such as the body, especially ultra-small electric vehicles. can do.
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 1.
- (A) is a perspective view showing another example of the ridge portion of the present invention
- (b) is a CC cross-sectional view of (a)
- (c) is a DD cross-sectional view of (a).
- Sectional drawing which shows the truncated cone-shaped convex part of a lower body.
- Sectional drawing which shows the coupling
- (A) is a diagram in which dimension positions are entered in FIG. 6 to show the numerical values used in the simulation
- (b) is a sectional view taken along the line FF in FIG. 27 (a) to show the numerical values used in the simulation.
- the present invention relates to an upper body that is an integrally molded product obtained by molding a transparent thermoplastic resin composition, and a lower body and floor resin part that are an integrally molded product obtained by molding a thermoplastic resin composition.
- a monocoque vehicle body formed by fastening The lower body has a bottom surface and a flange portion provided so as to rise upward from the entire circumference of the bottom surface, In the center of the bottom surface of the lower body, a ridge that is continuous from the vehicle front part to the vehicle rear part is provided, In the vehicle central portion of the lower body, there are formed at least two spaces surrounded by the flange portion, the convex strip portion, and the bottom surface, in which automobile parts such as a battery can be mounted.
- Automotive parts such as batteries mounted in this space can be fixed by fastening the lower body and the floor
- the present invention relates to a vehicle body formed by placing the upper body and the floor on the lower body, and fastening the upper body and the floor to the flange portion and the ridge portion of the lower body.
- FIG. 1 to 4 show a micro-car equipped with a vehicle body of the present invention.
- 1 is a side view
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 1 (cross-section at the center of the front axle)
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XX of FIG. 1 to 4 show the vehicle body structure centering on the lower body 1, the upper body 2, and the floor 3, and the illustration of the axle, the suspension subframe, and the like are omitted.
- a broken-line square portion in FIG. 1 shows a cross section of an automobile part 11 such as a battery mounted in the vehicle central portion of the lower body.
- FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of the vehicle body of the present invention.
- the vehicle body of the monocoque structure of the present invention basically includes a lower body 1 that is an integrally molded product obtained by molding a thermoplastic resin composition, and an integrally molded product obtained by molding a transparent thermoplastic resin composition.
- the upper body 2 (the front upper body 2-1, the rear upper body 2-2, the roof 2-3) and the floor 3 which is an integrally molded product obtained by molding the thermoplastic resin composition, bolts, etc. It is formed by fastening using.
- the upper body 2 may be molded as an integral molded product in consideration of ease of molding of parts, ease of fastening of parts, etc., or may be formed as a front upper body 2-1, a rear upper body 2-2. Alternatively, a plurality of parts such as the roof 2-3 may be formed as an integrally molded product and then fastened.
- the “transparent thermoplastic resin composition” means that the upper body 2 (the front upper body 2-1, the rear upper body 2-2, the roof 2-3) has good visibility during operation. Therefore, a thermoplastic resin composition satisfying that a haze with a thickness of 2 mm measured by JIS K7105 is 0.3 to 20%, preferably 0.1 to 1% is used.
- integrally molded product means an article molded by a single molding process such as hot press molding or injection molding using a thermoplastic resin composition as a molding material. It does not include a molded product obtained by laminating a woven fabric made of a fiber reinforcing material such as carbon fiber or impregnating and shaping such a woven fabric with a resin.
- thermoplastic resin composition constituting the upper body 2 a polycarbonate resin composition, an acrylic resin composition, a cyclic polyolefin resin composition, a polyphenylene ether resin composition, and the like can be used. Is preferable because it is excellent in transparency, has high shock absorption and improves safety during a collision, and has excellent impact resistance and is not easily damaged in a light collision.
- thermoplastic resin composition an acrylic resin composition, a cyclic polyolefin resin composition, a polyphenylene ether resin composition, etc. used as a transparent thermoplastic resin composition, as long as the target characteristics are not impaired.
- Other thermoplastic resins can be blended.
- known additives ultraviolet absorbers, dyes and pigments, compounds having heat absorption ability, various stabilizers, antioxidants, mold release agents, bluing agents, hydrolysis improvers, flame retardants, dripping, if necessary.
- An inhibitor, an antistatic agent, etc. various fillers, and the like.
- thermoplastic resin composition constituting the lower body 1 and the floor 3 a polycarbonate resin composition, a polyester resin composition, a polyamide resin composition, a polyphenylene ether resin composition, and the like can be used. It is preferable to use a polycarbonate resin composition from this viewpoint because the resin parts can be molded more efficiently and economically when the same resin composition is used as 3 and the lower body 1.
- the polycarbonate resin composition, the polyester resin composition, the polyamide resin composition, the polyphenylene ether resin composition, etc. used as the thermoplastic resin composition have a heat other than the main component resin as long as the target properties are not impaired.
- a plastic resin can be blended.
- known additives ultraviolet absorbers, dyes and pigments, compounds having heat absorption ability, various stabilizers, antioxidants, mold release agents, bluing agents, hydrolysis improvers, flame retardants, dripping, if necessary.
- An inhibitor, an antistatic agent, etc. various fillers, and the like.
- thermoplastic resin composition in order to improve the rigidity of the lower body 1, it is preferable to blend short fibers such as carbon fibers and glass fibers into the thermoplastic resin composition as a filler.
- the polycarbonate resin of the polycarbonate resin composition used for molding the resin parts such as the upper body 2, the floor 3, and the lower body 1 it is preferable to use a bisphenol A type polycarbonate because of excellent toughness.
- polycarbonate resin in addition to bisphenol A type polycarbonate, various polycarbonate resins polymerized with other dihydric phenols can be used. Examples include 2,2-bis (4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl) propane (bisphenol C), 1,1-bis (3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexane, and the like.
- divalent phenol a polycarbonate or a copolymerized polycarbonate obtained by polymerizing or copolymerizing a divalent aliphatic or alicyclic alcohol may be used.
- alicyclic alcohol isosorbide (derived from a plant) is preferably used.
- the viscosity average molecular weight of the polycarbonate resin is preferably 10,000 to 40,000.
- a viscosity average molecular weight of 10,000 or more is preferable in terms of excellent strength, and a viscosity average molecular weight of 40,000 or less is preferable in terms of excellent moldability.
- the viscosity average molecular weight (M) of the above polycarbonate resin is obtained by substituting the specific viscosity ( ⁇ SP ) obtained at 20 ° C. from a solution of 0.7 g of polycarbonate resin in 100 ml of methylene chloride into the following equation. .
- the polycarbonate resin copolymerized with isosorbide is a polycarbonate resin containing a carbonate constituent unit represented by the following formula (1).
- the hardness of the resin part may be increased. It is preferable because it is possible.
- bisphenol A and isosorbide are used in combination, the hardness can be increased while maintaining the impact resistance of the resin part, which is preferable.
- biodegradable resin composition containing an aromatic polycarbonate resin or polylactic acid as the polycarbonate resin composition because the hardness of the resin part can be increased.
- the following means are employed in order to increase the bending rigidity and torsional rigidity of the body and ensure the rigidity required for the vehicle body.
- the lower body 1 is divided into the upper body 2 (the upper body 2 is divided into a front upper body 2-1, a rear upper body 2-2 and a roof 2-3. In this case, means for placing the front upper body 2-1 and the rear upper body 2-2) and the floor 3 and fastening them to the flange portion 1-2 and the ridge portion 1-3 of the lower body 1.
- the shape of the ridge 1-3 as viewed from above the lower body 1 is such that both ends of the ridge 1-3 are separated from the flange 1-2, as indicated by 1-3-1 in FIG. Alternatively, as indicated by 1-3-2 in FIG. 7, both end portions of the protruding strip portion 1-3 and the flange portion 1-2 may be connected.
- FIG. 8 (a) and FIG. 8 (c) as a shape of the ridge 1-3, a thin plate-like body is formed as a whole, and an upper body 2 (upper body 2) is formed. However, if it is divided into a front upper body 2-1, a rear upper body 2-2 and a roof 2-3, the front upper body 2-1, the rear upper body 2-2) and the floor 3 have bolts etc. As shown in FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B, the portion fastened with the use of a boss portion having a substantially truncated cone shape may be employed.
- the back surface of the protrusions 1-3 is formed along with the formation of the protrusions 1-3 on the bottom surface 1-1 of the lower body 1.
- a groove extending in the front-rear direction of the vehicle body is formed.
- Upper body 2 (when the upper body 2 is divided into a front upper body 2-1, a rear upper body 2-2 and a roof 2-3, the front upper body 2-1 and the rear upper body 2-2) Further, by fastening the floor 3 to the lower body 1 at the flange portion 1-2 and the protruding strip portion 1-3 of the lower body 1, the parts constituting the vehicle body can be firmly coupled, so the bending rigidity and torsion of the body The rigidity can be improved, whereby the bending rigidity and torsional rigidity of the entire vehicle body can be improved.
- the protruding portion 1-3 is formed integrally with the lower body 1, and the top surface thereof rises up to the surface connecting the flange portion 1-2.
- Automotive parts such as a battery, a controller, and a charger (hereinafter referred to as “battery”, “controller”, “charger”) are formed in at least two spaces surrounded by the flange portion 1-2, the protruding strip portion 1-3, and the bottom surface 1-1.
- the battery is protected by a surrounding resin partition. Further, since the mounting position of the battery or the like is at a low position of the vehicle, the vehicle can have a low center of gravity, and since it is in the middle of the front and rear of the vehicle, the occurrence of a turning moment can be reduced. For this reason, the steering stability of the vehicle can be improved.
- a plurality of independent protrusions 1-4 are provided on the bottom surface 1-1 of the lower body 1, and the lower body 1 and the upper body 2 (the front upper body 2-1, the rear upper) are provided.
- the body 2-2) and the floor 3 are fastened to the convex portion 1-4 in addition to the flange portion 1-2 and the convex strip portion 1-3 of the lower body 1 to thereby obtain the bending rigidity and torsion of the body.
- the rigidity can be further improved, whereby the bending rigidity and torsional rigidity of the entire vehicle body can be further improved.
- the shape of the convex portion 1-4 is preferably a substantially truncated cone shape as shown in FIG.
- the respective parts are overlapped, and at the same time, the top of the convex portion 1-4 is fastened. That is, the three parts of the top of the convex portion 1-4, which is a part of the lower body 1, the front upper body 2-1, and the floor 3 are fastened simultaneously.
- 4 is a tightening screw and 5 is a nut.
- the fastening structure between the rear upper body 2-2 and the floor 3 has the same structure.
- the convex portion 1-4 is formed integrally with the lower body 1, and its top surface rises to a surface connecting the flange portion 1-2.
- the convex portion 1-4 is provided for firmly fastening the three parts of the lower body 1, the front upper body 2-1, the rear upper body 2-2, and the floor 3, and the convex portion 1-4 is As shown in FIG.
- the convex portion 1-4 may be a component having a height corresponding to the convex portion 1-4, separate from the lower body 1, the front upper body 2-1, the rear upper body 2-2, and the floor 3. good.
- the protrusions 1-4 are arranged in two rows in the lateral direction with respect to the traveling direction, and the battery or the like is mounted therebetween, thereby fixing the battery or the like more stably. Can do.
- the upper body 2 (the front upper body 2-1 and the rear upper body 2-2) is provided with openings for forming entrances and exits, and FIGS.
- the frame member 6 By providing the frame member 6 as shown in FIG. 16, the rigidity of the vehicle body is further improved.
- the frame member 6 is provided with a seat belt 6-7, a fall prevention member 6-8, It can be used as a member for attaching the rain door 6-9.
- the frame member 6 is preferably made of aluminum and has a circular shape, and can also serve as a rain gutter at the entrance / exit by making the cross-sectional shape of the outer peripheral surface outwardly concave.
- the frame member 6 is preferably one in which two aluminum frame members 6-1 and 6-2 are fastened with fastening screws 6-3.
- FIG. 13 shows that a part of the flange portion 1-2 located at the lower part of the entrance / exit is extended to the outside, and a cross-sectional shape of the extension portion is guided downward and then substantially U-shaped.
- the tip is connected to the frame member 6.
- the general portion of the flange portion 1-2 of the lower body 1 has a point P as a terminal, but at the lower part of the entrance / exit, the flange portion 1-2 is extended to the outside, as shown in FIG. Then, the cross-sectional shape of the extension portion is guided to a lower side and is then led to a substantially U-shaped portion (side sill shape portion) 1-5, and the end portion 1-6 of the side sill shape portion 1-5 is made of two pieces of aluminum. Are sandwiched between the outer frame member 6-1 and the inner frame member 6-2 and fastened with a tightening screw 6-3.
- reinforcing ribs 1-7 and 1-8 are provided for reinforcement at the portion surrounded by the side sill-shaped portion 1-5, the flange portion 1-2, and the side surface of the lower body 1, and the lower body 1 body and the frame member 6 are provided. The bond is made strong.
- the lower body 1 when the vehicle is viewed from the side, the lower body 1 is hidden by the side sill-shaped portion 1-5, so that the merchantability of the vehicle can be improved. Further, by connecting the front end portion 1-6 of the extension portion of the flange portion 1-2 to the frame member 6, the load transmitted from the undercarriage to the lower body 1 is transmitted through the frame member 6 to the front upper body 2- 1. It is transmitted to the rear upper body 2-2 and the roof 2-3, and an ideal stress distribution can be obtained as a monocoque body that shares the load with the entire monocoque structure. In addition, this structure can protect the occupant and the battery against a load (for example, a side collision) from the side surface of the vehicle.
- a load for example, a side collision
- FIG. 14 is a perspective view showing a three-part fastening structure of the front suspension subframe 7, the lower body 1, and the front upper body 2-1.
- the front suspension subframe 7 is a member for attaching a suspension device, a brake device, a steering device, and the like, and these devices are fastened to the resin monocoque body via the front suspension subframe 7.
- the front suspension subframe 7 has a structure coupled to the brackets 7-1 and 7-2 by welding, and the front suspension subframe 7 is fastened to the bottom surface of the lower body 1 at the same time. -1 and 7-2 to be fastened to the flange portion 1-2 and the front upper body 2-1.
- the fastening of the rear suspension subframe 8, the lower body 1, and the rear upper body 2-2 has the same structure.
- the front suspension subframe 7 has a wide area and is in contact with the bottom surface of the lower body 1 and is fixed.
- tires, wheels, suspensions, steering devices, braking devices, and the like that constitute the vehicle's legs can be mounted on the vehicle in a state of being incorporated in the front suspension subframe 7. Further, since the front suspension subframe 7 is coupled to the flange portion 1-2 existing on the entire circumference of the lower body 1 together with the front upper body 2-1, the load around the foot is applied to the entire circumference of the lower body 1. It is possible to obtain an ideal load distribution as a monocoque body that is transmitted to the entire vehicle through the flange portion 1-2 existing in the vehicle and shares the load with the entire monocoque structure.
- the front suspension subframe 7 is in contact with the bottom surface of the lower body 1 so that there is no local contact. Since the resin monocoque body does not have sufficient rigidity against local loads, it is possible to make a local contact with the bottom surface of the resin monocoque body so that local contact does not occur. A large load can be avoided and local deformation of the resin body can be suppressed.
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of the frame member 6 installed at the entrance / exit of the vehicle.
- 6-1 is an outer frame member
- 6-2 is an inner frame member
- 6-3 is a tightening screw
- 6-4 is an insert nut
- 6-5 is a front upper body 2-1, a rear upper body 2-2 or a roof 2 -3.
- 6-6 is a part that functions as a gutter.
- FIG. 16 shows an example in which the frame member 6 is used as an attachment member for the seat belt 6-7.
- FIG. 17 shows an example in which the frame member 6 is used as an attachment member for the fall-preventing member 6-8.
- FIG. 18 shows an example in which the frame member 6 is used as a mounting member for the rain door 6-9.
- an egg shape as shown in FIGS. 5 to 6 and FIGS. 16 to 18 is generally adopted. This is because the resin material has a smaller allowable stress than that of a metal, so that it is generally preferable to use an egg shape that does not have a corner portion where stress is easily concentrated and can secure a passenger space.
- FIG. 19 there is usually an opening 10 that forms the entrance / exit on the side surface of the upper body 2 (front upper body 2-1, rear upper body 2-2, roof 2-3) of the vehicle body. Since it is provided, the cross-sectional area of the upper body 2 in the vehicle lateral direction is reduced. Therefore, in order to improve the rigidity of this portion, at least the upper surface of the upper body 2 is symmetric with respect to the center line in the front-rear direction of the vehicle body, and the two ridge lines 9, 9 'are substantially parallel to the center line. Is preferably provided.
- the ridges 9 and 9 ' may be provided over the front and rear surfaces of the upper body 2, but it is necessary to be provided at least on the upper surface of the upper body 2 in order to improve the rigidity around the opening 10. .
- the curvature R of the ridges 9, 9 ′ is smaller than the curvature of any part of the upper body 2 (front curvature R1, lateral curvature R2), and the curvature radius is 5 mm or more. It is preferable that If the radius of curvature of the ridge lines 9 and 9 'is less than 5 mm, the corner formed by the ridge lines 9 and 9' is an acute angle, which is preferable because safety in the case of collision with a pedestrian is reduced. Absent. (All cross sections of the bent shape from the front surface of the vehicle to the upper surface and the rear surface also conform to the cross section EE in FIG. 20.)
- the monocoque vehicle body has high rigidity with respect to an egg-shaped vehicle having no ridge lines as shown in FIGS. 5 to 6 and FIGS. I can do it.
- FIG. 21 As the shape of the vehicle of the present invention, a rectangular shape as shown in FIG. 21, a track shape as shown in FIG. 22, and an open car shape as shown in FIG. 23 can be adopted.
- Panlite L-1250Z polycarbonate resin manufactured by Teijin Limited, molecular weight: about 25,000, MFR: about 5.5
- Thickness dimension setting The plate thickness of the upper body 2 (front upper body 2-1, rear upper body 2-2, roof 2-3), floor 3 and lower body was set to 3 mm.
- the vehicle height (H) is set to 1,554 mm
- the total length (L) is set to 2485 mm
- the distance between axles (W / B) is set to 1,815 mm
- the tread in the AA section and the BB section in FIG. 24 was set to (T): 890 mm.
- the length (Q) in the front-rear direction inside the flange portion 1-2 of the lower body 1 is 2,294 mm, and the length in the lateral direction inside the flange portion of the lower body is shown. (S) was set to 780 mm.
- the length (V) in the front-rear direction of the ridges 1-3 is 1,845 mm
- the height from the bottom of the ridges 1-3 ( U) was set to 154 mm
- the lateral length (T) of the top surface of the ridges 1-3 was set to 100 mm.
- the top 100 mm has a draft angle of 5 degrees toward the bottom. That is, the cross section is substantially trapezoidal.
- the rib 1 The plate thickness of -3-5 is set to 3 mm similarly to the plate thickness of the lower body 1, and as shown in FIG. 9, ribs 1-3-5 that are orthogonal to the grooves and block all the cross sections of the grooves are It was set to provide 14 at equal intervals in the front-rear direction.
- Shape of convex portion The top surface has a radius of 30 mm and coincides with the surface connecting the flange portions 1-2. It forms a substantially frustoconical shape with a draft of 5 degrees toward the bottom surface 1-1.
- Arrangement of protrusions Two straight lines parallel to this axle, 552mm and 1,192mm away from the front axle, and 140mm and 280mm away from the center line of the vehicle body to the left and right, respectively. Eight convex portions 1-4 are arranged at the intersections with four straight lines.
- the bending rigidity and torsional rigidity of the vehicle body were obtained as follows.
- Flexural rigidity A rigid body that crosses the vehicle body in parallel with the axle at two locations 552 mm and 1,192 mm away from the front axle, with the vehicle body supported at two locations of the front axle portion and the rear axle portion from below.
- a rod is placed, and a load of 100 kg is applied downward to each rod, and the amount of deformation (mm) by which the lower body 1 is bent is obtained by calculation.
- Torsional rigidity The torque (mN ⁇ mm) required to twist the rear axle portion at an angle of 1 ° with the front axle portion supported is obtained by calculation.
- Vehicle body adopting a lower body without ridges 2) Vehicle body adopting a lower body without ridges and without ribs 3) Vehicle body adopting a lower body with ridges and ribs 4)
- the bending rigidity and torsional rigidity of the vehicle body that employs the lower body with ridges, ribs and protrusions were determined. These numerical values are shown in Table 1.
- the protruding portion 1-3 is provided on the bottom surface 1-1 of the lower body 1, and a groove extending in the front-rear direction of the vehicle body is formed on the back surface of the protruding portion 1-3.
- a plurality of independent protrusions 1-4 are provided on the bottom surface of the lower body 1, and the lower body 1, the upper body 2 and the floor 3 are fastened with the flange 1-2 and the protrusions of the lower body 1.
- the vehicle body having a monocoque body according to the present invention is particularly suitable for a miniature electric vehicle.
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Abstract
Description
これは、省エネ・CO2削減が求められるとともに、高齢化、過疎化、地方の公共交通機関の廃止などが進行している状況において、小さな動力で駆動でき、年配者にも運転しやすく、低価格で提供できる超小型モビリティが新たな交通手段として期待されているためである。例えば、このような超小型モビリティとして、1人乗り超小型電気自動車である「コムス」がトヨタ車体株式会社から販売されている。
特許文献1には、1~2人乗用の小型車両の車体において、下部車体半部を、鋼板等の金属板のプレス成形あるいはFRP等の繊維強化合成樹脂材により一体に成形することが開示されている。
さらに、本発明の車体は、特に、1~2人乗用の超小型電気自動車の車体に適するものであるので、バッテリー等の自動車部品の搭載、固定、保守点検等が容易に行える車体構造を提供することも本発明の課題である。
(1)透明な熱可塑性樹脂組成物を成形して得られる一体成形物である上部ボデー並びに熱可塑性樹脂組成物を成形して得られる一体成形物である下部ボデー及びフロアの樹脂製部品を締結することにより形成されるモノコック構造の車体であって、
前記下部ボデーは、底面及び該底面の全周から上方に立ち上がるように設けられたフランジ部を有しており、
前記下部ボデーの底面の中央には、車両前方部から車両後方部にわたって連続する凸条部が設けられており、
前記下部ボデーの車両中央部には、バッテリー等の自動車部品が搭載可能な、前記フランジ部、前記凸条部及び前記底面で囲まれた少なくとも2つの空間が形成されており、
この空間に搭載されるバッテリー等の自動車部品を、前記下部ボデーと前記フロアとの締結により固定することができ、
前記下部ボデーに前記上部ボデー及び前記フロアを載置し、前記上部ボデー及び前記フロアを前記下部ボデーの前記フランジ部及び前記凸条部と締結することにより形成される車体。
(2)前記凸条部の裏面に溝が設けられるとともに、該溝を横断する複数のリブが設けられることを特徴とする(1)に記載の車体。
(3)前記上部ボデーが、前アッパーボデー、後アッパーボデー及びルーフの樹脂製部品に分割されていることを特徴とする(1)又は(2)に記載の車体。
(4)前記上部ボデーを構成する前記透明な熱可塑性樹脂組成物がポリカーボネート樹脂組成物であり、前記下部ボデー及び前記フロアを構成する前記熱可塑性樹脂組成物がポリカーボネート樹脂組成物またはポリアミド樹脂組成物であることを特徴とする(1)~(3)のいずれかに記載の車体。
(5)前記樹脂製部品が、前記熱可塑性樹脂組成物から得られる樹脂板を熱プレス成形することにより成形されることを特徴とする(1)~(4)のいずれかに記載の車体。
(6)前記樹脂製部品が、前記熱可塑性樹脂組成物を射出成形することにより成形されることを特徴とする(1)~(4)のいずれかに記載の車体。
(7)前記下部ボデーの底面に複数個の独立した凸部を設け、前記下部ボデーと、前記上部ボデー及び前記フロアとの締結を、前記下部ボデーの前記フランジ部及び前記凸条部に加えて、該凸部においても行うことを特徴とする(1)~(6)のいずれかに記載の車体。
(8)前記上部ボデーに乗降口を形成する開口部を設け、形成された乗降口の全周に枠部材を設けることを特徴とする(1)~(7)のいずれかに記載の車体。
(9)前記枠部材にシートベルト、転落防止用部材、雨よけドア等を取り付けることを特徴とする(8)に記載の車体。
(10)前記乗降口下部に位置する前記フランジ部の一部を外部に延長して、該延長部の断面形状を下方に導いた後に上方に導く略U字形状とし、該延長部の先端を前記枠部材に結合することを特徴とする(8)又は(9)に記載の車体。
(11)前記モノコック構造の車体の形状が卵形状であることを特徴とする前記(1)~(10)のいずれかに記載の車体。
(12)前記上部ボデーの少なくとも上面に、車体の前後方向の中心線に対して左右対称で、該中心線に略平行する2本の稜線部を設けることを特徴とする(11)に記載の車体。
(13)前記稜線部の曲率は、前記上部ボデーのいずれの部分の曲率より小さく、かつ曲率半径が5mm以上であることを特徴とする請求項(12)に記載の車体。
(14)前記車体が、超小型電気自動車の車体であることを特徴とする請求項(1)~(13)のいずれかに記載の車体。
前記下部ボデーは、底面及び該底面の全周から上方に立ち上がるように設けられたフランジ部を有しており、
前記下部ボデーの底面の中央には、車両前方部から車両後方部にわたって連続する凸条部が設けられており、
前記下部ボデーの車両中央部には、バッテリー等の自動車部品が搭載可能な、前記フランジ部、前記凸条部及び前記底面で囲まれた少なくとも2つの空間が形成されており、
この空間に搭載されるバッテリー等の自動車部品を、前記下部ボデーと前記フロアとの締結により固定することができ、
前記下部ボデーに前記上部ボデー及び前記フロアを載置し、前記上部ボデー及び前記フロアを前記下部ボデーの前記フランジ部及び前記凸条部と締結することにより形成される車体に関するものである。
図1~4は本発明の車体が取り付けられた超小型自動車を示す。図1は側面図、図2は図1のA-A断面(前方の車軸中心での断面)、図3は図1のB-B断面(後方の車軸中心での断面)、図4は図1のX-X断面図(車体中央部での断面図)である。なお、図1~4は、下部ボデー1、上部ボデー2、フロア3を中心に車体構造を示すものであり、車軸、サスペンションサブフレームなどの図示は省略している。
図1における破線の四角部は、下部ボデーの車両中央部に搭載されたバッテリー等の自動車部品11の断面を示している。
図5は本発明の車体の実施例を示すものである。
上記のポリカーボネート樹脂の粘度平均分子量(M)は、塩化メチレン100mlにポリカーボネート樹脂0.7gを溶解した溶液から20℃で求めた比粘度(ηSP)を次式に代入して求めたものである。
式:ηSP/c=[η]+0.45×[η]2c
上記の式において、[η]は極限粘度を表し、[η]=1.23×10-4M0.83
であり、また、c=0.7である。
このようなポリカーボネート樹脂の粘度平均分子量を求める手法は、例えば、特開2002-129003号公報の段落[0033]~[0034]に説明されている。
1)下部ボデー1に、底面1-1の全周から上方に立ち上がるようにフランジ部1-2を設ける手段
2)下部ボデー1の底面1-1の中央に、車体前方部から車体後方部にわたって連続する凸条部1-3を設ける手段
3)下部ボデー1に、上部ボデー2(上部ボデー2が、前アッパーボデー2-1、後アッパーボデー2-2及びルーフ2-3に分割されている場合には、前アッパーボデー2-1及び後アッパーボデー2-2)及びフロア3を載置し、これらを下部ボデー1のフランジ部1-2及び凸条部1-3と締結する手段
このように溝にリブ1-3-5を設けることにより、軽量化を図りつつ、下部ボデー1の曲げ剛性及びねじり剛性を向上させることができ、これにより、車体全体の曲げ剛性及びねじり剛性を向上させることができる。また、剛性を考慮して、リブ1-3-5の形状、個数、間隔などを適宜設定することができ、また、リブ1-3-5を斜めに設置したり、クロス状に設置することも可能である。
図16は、枠部材6をシートベルト6-7の取付部材として使用した例を示すものである。図17は、枠部材6を転落防止用部材6-8の取付部材として使用した例を示すものである。図18は、枠部材6を雨よけドア6-9の取付部材として使用した例を示すものである。
以下の条件で、プリプロセッサーとして「I-DEAS 12NX」(UGS社製)、ソルバーとして「ADINA 8.5」(ADINA R&D 社製)を用いて、車体の曲げ剛性及びねじり剛性を求めた。
パンライトL-1250Z(帝人社製ポリカーボネート樹脂、分子量:25,000程度、MFR:5.5程度)
上部ボデー2(前アッパーボデー2-1、後アッパーボデー2-2、ルーフ2-3)、フロア3及び下部ボデーの板厚を3mmと設定した。
図24に示すように、車高(H)を1,554mm、全長(L)を2485mm、車軸間距離(W/B)を1,815mmと設定し、図25及び図26に示すように、図24のA-A断面及びB-B断面におけるトレッドを(T):890mmと設定した。
図27(a)及び(b)に示すように、下部ボデー1のフランジ部1-2内部の前後方向の長さ(Q)を2,294mm、下部ボデーのフランジ部内部の横方向の長さ(S)を780mmと設定した。
凸条部1-3を設けた車体について計算する場合には、凸条部1-3の前後方向の長さ(V)を1,845mm、凸条部1-3の底面からの高さ(U)を154mm、凸条部1-3の頂面の横の長さ(T)を100mmと設定した。頂部100mmは抜き勾配5度で底面に向かう形状とする。すなわちその断面は略台形をなす。(なお、上記のように、下部ボデー1の板厚を3mmと一定の厚さに設定しているため、凸条部1-3を形成することに伴い、凸条部1-3の裏面には、車体の前後方向に延びる溝が形成されることとなる。)
また、凸条部1-3の裏面に形成された前後方向の溝に、この溝を横断する複数の凸条部のリブ1-3-5を設けた車体について計算する場合には、リブ1-3-5の板厚は下部ボデー1の板厚と同様に3mmと設定し、図9に示すように、溝と直交して溝の断面全てを塞ぐリブ1-3-5を、溝の前後方向に等間隔に、14個設けると設定した。
下部ボデー1の底面1-1に複数個の独立した凸部1-4を設けた車体について計算する場合には、凸部の形状及び配置を次のようにする。
凸部の形状:頂面は半径30mmでフランジ部1-2を結ぶ面に一致している。底面1-1に向かって抜き勾配5度をもって略円錐台形をなす。
凸部の配置:前方の車軸から後方に552mm及び1,192mm離れた、この車軸と平行な2本の直線と、車体の中心線から左右それぞれに140mm及び280mm離れた、この中心線と平行な4本の直線との交点に、8個の凸部1-4を配置する。
曲げ剛性:
車体を前方の車軸部及び後方の車軸部の2箇所を下から支持した状態で、前方の車軸から後方に552mm及び1,192mm離れた位置2箇所に、車軸と平行に車体を横断する剛体の棒体を置き、この棒体にそれぞれ100kgの荷重を下向きに負荷して、下部ボデー1が撓む変形量(mm)を計算により求める。
前方の車軸部を支持した状態で、後方の車軸部を1度の角度にねじるのに必要なトルク(mN・mm)を計算により求める。
1)凸条部を設けない下部ボデーを採用した車体
2)凸条部を設け、リブを設けない下部ボデーを採用した車体
3)凸条部及びリブを設けた下部ボデーを採用した車体
4)凸条部、リブ及び凸部を設けた下部ボデーを採用した車体
について、曲げ剛性及びねじり剛性を求めた。これらの数値を表1に示す。
1-1:底面
1-2:フランジ部
1-3:凸条部
1-3-1:フランジ部と接続しない凸条部
1-3-2:フランジ部と接続する凸条部
1-3-3:板状体の凸条部
1-3-4:ボス部
1-3-5:(凸条部の)リブ
1-4:凸部
1-5:サイドシル形状部
1-6:先端部
1-7:補強リブ
1-8:補強リブ
2:上部ボデー
2-1:前アッパーボデー
2-2:後アッパーボデー
2-3:ルーフ
3:フロア
4:締め付けビス
5:ナット
6:枠部材
6-1:外側枠部材
6-2:内側枠部材
6-3:締め付けビス
6-4:インサートナット
6-5:前アッパーボデー2-1、後アッパーボデー2-2またはルーフ2-3
6-6:雨樋として機能する部分
6-7:シートベルト
6-8:転落防止用部材
6-9:雨よけドア
7:前サスペンションサブフレーム
7-1:ブラケット
7-2:ブラケット
8:後サスペンションサブフレーム
9,9’:稜線部
10:(乗降口を形成する)開口部
11:バッテリー等の自動車部品
Claims (14)
- 透明な熱可塑性樹脂組成物を成形して得られる一体成形物である上部ボデー並びに熱可塑性樹脂組成物を成形して得られる一体成形物である下部ボデー及びフロアの樹脂製部品を締結することにより形成されるモノコック構造の車体であって、
前記下部ボデーは、底面及び該底面の全周から上方に立ち上がるように設けられたフランジ部を有しており、
前記下部ボデーの底面の中央には、車両前方部から車両後方部にわたって連続する凸条部が設けられており、
前記下部ボデーの車両中央部には、バッテリー等の自動車部品が搭載可能な、前記フランジ部、前記凸条部及び前記底面で囲まれた少なくとも2つの空間が形成されており、
この空間に搭載されるバッテリー等の自動車部品を、前記下部ボデーと前記フロアとの締結により固定することができ、
前記下部ボデーに前記上部ボデー及び前記フロアを載置し、前記上部ボデー及び前記フロアを前記下部ボデーの前記フランジ部及び前記凸条部と締結することにより形成される車体。 - 前記凸条部の裏面に溝が設けられるとともに、該溝を横断する複数のリブが設けられることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の車体。
- 前記上部ボデーが、前アッパーボデー、後アッパーボデー及びルーフの樹脂製部品に分割されていることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の車体。
- 前記上部ボデーを構成する前記透明な熱可塑性樹脂組成物がポリカーボネート樹脂組成物、アクリル樹脂組成物、環状ポリオレフィン樹脂組成物、又はポリフェニレンエーテル樹脂組成物であり、前記下部ボデー及び前記フロアを構成する前記熱可塑性樹脂組成物がポリカーボネート樹脂組成物、ポリエステル樹脂組成物、ポリアミド樹脂組成物、又はポリフェニレンエーテル樹脂組成物であることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の車体。
- 前記樹脂製部品が、前記熱可塑性樹脂組成物から得られる樹脂板を熱プレス成形することにより成形されることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の車体。
- 前記樹脂製部品が、前記熱可塑性樹脂組成物を射出成形することにより成形されることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の車体。
- 前記下部ボデーの底面に複数個の独立した凸部を設け、前記下部ボデーと、前記上部ボデー及び前記フロアとの締結を、前記下部ボデーの前記フランジ部及び前記凸条部に加えて、該凸部においても行うことを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の車体。
- 前記上部ボデーに乗降口を形成する開口部を設け、形成された乗降口の全周に枠部材を設けることを特徴とする請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の車体。
- 前記枠部材にシートベルト、転落防止用部材、雨よけドア等を取り付けることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の車体。
- 前記乗降口下部に位置する前記フランジ部の一部を外部に延長して、該延長部の断面形状を下方に導いた後に上方に導く略U字形状とし、該延長部の先端を前記枠部材に結合することを特徴とする請求項8又は9に記載の車体。
- 前記モノコック構造の車体の形状が卵形状であることを特徴とする請求項1~10のいずれかに記載の車体。
- 前記上部ボデーの少なくとも上面に、車体の前後方向の中心線に対して左右対称で、該中心線に略平行する2本の稜線部を設けることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の車体。
- 前記稜線部の曲率は、前記上部ボデーのいずれの部分の曲率より小さく、かつ曲率半径が5mm以上であることを特徴とする請求項12に記載の車体。
- 前記車体が、超小型電気自動車の車体であることを特徴とする請求項1~13のいずれかに記載の車体。
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EP14813137.8A EP3012175B1 (en) | 2013-06-21 | 2014-06-11 | Vehicle of monocoque construction formed from thermoplastic resin members |
JP2015522831A JP6104381B2 (ja) | 2013-06-21 | 2014-06-11 | 熱可塑性樹脂部材で形成されたモノコック構造の車体 |
US14/892,342 US9802650B2 (en) | 2013-06-21 | 2014-06-11 | Vehicle of monocoque construction formed from thermoplastic resin members |
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EP (1) | EP3012175B1 (ja) |
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US9802650B2 (en) | 2017-10-31 |
JPWO2014203782A1 (ja) | 2017-02-23 |
US20160137229A1 (en) | 2016-05-19 |
EP3012175B1 (en) | 2019-02-13 |
JP6104381B2 (ja) | 2017-03-29 |
EP3012175A4 (en) | 2017-03-22 |
EP3012175A1 (en) | 2016-04-27 |
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