WO2014147841A1 - 透明性に優れる組成物 - Google Patents
透明性に優れる組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014147841A1 WO2014147841A1 PCT/JP2013/058439 JP2013058439W WO2014147841A1 WO 2014147841 A1 WO2014147841 A1 WO 2014147841A1 JP 2013058439 W JP2013058439 W JP 2013058439W WO 2014147841 A1 WO2014147841 A1 WO 2014147841A1
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- polyvinyl acetal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/10—Esters; Ether-esters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10605—Type of plasticiser
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/306—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl acetate or vinyl alcohol (co)polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/06—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Ortho-esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L29/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical; Compositions of hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L29/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
- C08L29/04—Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L29/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical; Compositions of hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L29/14—Homopolymers or copolymers of acetals or ketals obtained by polymerisation of unsaturated acetals or ketals or by after-treatment of polymers of unsaturated alcohols
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L71/00—Compositions of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L71/02—Polyalkylene oxides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
- B32B2250/02—2 layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2272/00—Resin or rubber layer comprising scrap, waste or recycling material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/10—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular acoustical properties
- B32B2307/102—Insulating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/412—Transparent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2201/00—Properties
- C08L2201/10—Transparent films; Clear coatings; Transparent materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
- C08L2205/025—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group containing two or more polymers of the same hierarchy C08L, and differing only in parameters such as density, comonomer content, molecular weight, structure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composition containing polyvinyl acetal, its sheet, and its use.
- Polyvinyl acetal typified by polyvinyl butyral is excellent in adhesiveness and compatibility with various organic and inorganic substrates and solubility in organic solvents.
- Various adhesives, binders for ceramics, various inks, paints, etc. It is widely used as an intermediate film for safety glass.
- interlayer films for laminated glass In recent years, various high performance products have been developed for use in interlayer films for laminated glass. For example, for the purpose of imparting high sound insulation performance to an interlayer film for laminated glass, an interlayer film for laminated sound insulation laminated glass in which a plurality of polyvinyl acetal layers having different compositions such as different content ratios of polyvinyl acetal and plasticizer are laminated is disclosed. (See, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- polyvinyl acetals having different average residual hydroxyl groups are used in each layer in order to make the amount of plasticizer contained in each layer different.
- the interlayer film for laminated glass is generally manufactured using an extruder from the viewpoint of production cost.
- the laminated sound insulation multilayer laminated glass interlayer film is manufactured by co-extrusion, but when this method is used to produce a laminated glass interlayer film, the trim, composition, and thickness are non-uniform and the product cannot be manufactured. Is obtained.
- trim and off-spec products can generally be recycled by melt-kneading and extrusion molding.
- a polyvinyl acetal composition having a different composition is mixed and used as a trim or off-spec product
- the resulting interlayer film for laminated glass may become opaque.
- the interlayer film for laminated sound insulation laminated glass in the polyvinyl acetal composition constituting each layer, since polyvinyl acetals having different average residual hydroxyl groups are used, it is difficult to make these polyvinyl acetals compatible with each other,
- the interlayer film for laminated glass obtained by recycling the trim or off-spec product generated in the process for producing the interlayer film for laminated glass has a problem of poor transparency.
- polyvinyl alcohol which is a raw material for polyvinyl acetal resin
- an aldehyde such as butyraldehyde
- an acid catalyst such as hydrochloric acid and nitric acid
- the degree of acetalization reaches a certain level
- the partially acetalized polyvinyl alcohol that can no longer be dissolved in water precipitates and becomes particles.
- the acetalization reaction proceeds in a heterogeneous system in which the particles are dispersed in water.
- a polyvinyl acetal is obtained through neutralization, washing and drying of the acid catalyst as appropriate.
- the batch type precipitation method is suitable because the resin is obtained in the form of particles, and the obtained resin is excellent in purification by washing with water and the handling property of the resin after drying.
- the average degree of acetalization of the polyvinyl acetal obtained from batch to batch varies from batch to batch (that is, the average amount of residual hydroxyl groups (mol%) varies) even when the production conditions are aligned because of the batch reaction. There is.
- polyvinyl acetals having a certain degree of average acetalization different from each other by a certain level are used as plastics generally used for polyvinyl acetals, such as triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO).
- plastics generally used for polyvinyl acetals such as triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO).
- Polyvinyl acetal having an acetalization degree distribution tends to be obtained. Even when polyvinyl acetal having a relatively wide acetalization degree distribution in the same batch is mixed with 3GO, the transparency of the resulting composition may be lowered.
- a laminated glass having an intermediate film made of a sheet composed of a mixture of polyvinyl acetal having a relatively wide acetalization degree distribution in the same batch and a plasticizer generally used for polyvinyl acetal such as 3GO In some cases, it may appear cloudy under light irradiation and is exposed to strong light, for example, a windshield of an automobile (when heading from an oncoming vehicle when driving at night).
- This invention solves the said subject, and it aims at providing the composition which can shape
- the object is to provide 0.5 to 100% by mass of a plasticizer having a polar group and 100% by mass of a plasticizer having no polar group with respect to 100 parts by mass of polyvinyl acetal satisfying the following definition 1 and / or definition 2.
- a composition comprising 30 to 70 parts by mass of a plasticizer containing 0 to 99.5% by mass of a plasticizer and the total of the plasticizer having a polar group and the plasticizer having no polar group is 100% by mass
- Rule 1 When 1 g of polyvinyl acetal is dissolved in 100 g of methanol, the undissolved content is 2.5 to 90% by mass.
- Rule 2 When 1 g of polyvinyl acetal is dissolved in 100 g of chloroform, the undissolved content is 5 to 70% by mass.
- the amount of dropwise addition of hexane until the solution becomes cloudy is preferably 150 mL or more.
- the amount of deionized water added until the solution becomes cloudy is preferably 15 mL or more.
- the plasticizer having a polar group is preferably a compound having a hydroxyl group.
- a compound having a hydroxyl group is preferably a compound having a molecular weight of 200 to 2,000.
- the number average molecular weight based on the hydroxyl value of the compound having a hydroxyl group is preferably 200 to 2,000.
- the compound having a hydroxyl group is preferably an ester compound having a hydroxyl group.
- the ester compound having a hydroxyl group is preferably a polyester compound having a hydroxyl group.
- the compound having a hydroxyl group is an ether compound having a hydroxyl group.
- the ether compound having a hydroxyl group is preferably a polyether compound having a hydroxyl group.
- 0.5 to 5% by mass of the plasticizer is a compound having a hydroxyl group, and 70 to 99.5% by mass of the plasticizer is one or more compounds selected from triethylene glycol and tetraethylene glycol, a monovalent carboxylic acid, It is preferable that it is a compound which is a diester and does not have a polar group.
- the polyvinyl acetal is preferably a mixture of polyvinyl acetal (A) and polyvinyl acetal (B) having different average residual hydroxyl groups.
- X 27.0-33.0
- Y 15.0-27.0
- the polyvinyl acetal preferably satisfies the definition 1.
- polyvinyl acetal preferably satisfies the definition 2.
- X 15.0 to 27.0
- Y 33.0 to 50.0
- the polyvinyl acetal preferably satisfies regulations 1 and 2.
- the mixing ratio of polyvinyl acetal (A) and polyvinyl acetal (B) is preferably 20:80 to 98: 2 (mass ratio).
- the average residual hydroxyl group content of polyvinyl acetal is preferably 15 to 33 mol%.
- the present invention relates to a sheet comprising the composition.
- the present invention relates to a laminated glass including the sheet.
- the present invention relates to a laminated glass having a haze of 0.01 to 2%.
- the composition of the present invention contains polyvinyl acetal satisfying the requirements 1 and / or 2 as an essential component.
- the polyvinyl acetal satisfying the stipulation 1 includes specific amounts of polyvinyl acetal molecules that are difficult to dissolve in methanol due to a small amount of residual hydroxyl groups and polyvinyl acetal molecules that dissolve in methanol.
- the polyvinyl acetal satisfying the requirement 2 contains a specific amount of each of polyvinyl acetal molecules that are difficult to dissolve in chloroform and polyvinyl acetal molecules that are difficult to dissolve in chloroform due to the large amount of residual hydroxyl groups.
- the polyvinyl acetal containing the polyvinyl acetal molecules having different residual hydroxyl amounts is particularly when mixed with a plasticizer generally used for polyvinyl acetal such as triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO).
- a plasticizer generally used for polyvinyl acetal such as triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO).
- the resulting composition was inferior in transparency.
- the composition of the present invention contains a plasticizer containing 0.5 to 100% by mass of a plasticizer having a polar group as an essential component. It is presumed that the plasticizer having a polar group can mutually dissolve polyvinyl acetal molecules having different residual hydroxyl groups, or can be dispersed microscopically to a level that does not affect the transparency, and a transparent composition is obtained.
- the composition of the present invention is particularly suitable for the trim generated when a laminated interlayer film is produced by extrusion molding, polyvinyl acetal in which the degree of acetal variation varies between batches, or a relatively wide degree of acetalization even in the same batch. Even when polyvinyl acetal having a distribution is used as a raw material, the sheet is excellent in transparency, and thus a sheet having excellent transparency can be formed.
- the polyvinyl acetal used in the present invention satisfies the following definition 1 and / or definition 2.
- Rule 1 When 1 g of polyvinyl acetal is dissolved in 100 g of methanol, the undissolved content is 2.5 to 90% by mass.
- Rule 2 When 1 g of polyvinyl acetal is dissolved in 100 g of chloroform, the undissolved content is 5 to 70% by mass.
- the undissolved content is preferably 5 to 90% by mass, more preferably 10 to 90% by mass, and still more preferably 70 to 90% by mass.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is that the sheet is inferior in transparency and looks cloudy when used in laminated glass. In the first place it is hard to occur.
- usable polyvinyl acetals are limited, and the recycling efficiency may be lowered.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is that, when polyvinyl acetal having an undissolved content of more than 90% by mass is used, the sheet is inferior in transparency and becomes a sheet that looks cloudy when used in laminated glass. Hard to occur. However, in this range, usable polyvinyl acetals are limited, and the recycling efficiency is lowered, which is not preferable.
- the major axis of each particle or lump of polyvinyl acetal used in the present invention is larger than 3 mm, the particle or lump is treated with a method that does not change its composition, such as cutting the particles or lump with scissors, and the major axis is 3 mm. The following may be used.
- the filtration of the solution (including the undissolved portion) obtained when 1 g of polyvinyl acetal is dissolved in 100 g of methanol is performed by the following method.
- a Buchner funnel is attached to a suction bottle of an appropriate size, the filter paper is set, and methanol is immersed in the filter paper in advance.
- the solution (including the undissolved content) is poured onto a filter paper, and suction filtered using aspirator or the like under reduced pressure (differential pressure 0.010 ⁇ 0.002 MPa).
- reduced pressure Differential pressure 0.010 ⁇ 0.002 MPa
- the polyvinyl acetal satisfying the stipulation 1 includes specific amounts of polyvinyl acetal molecules that are difficult to dissolve in methanol due to a small amount of residual hydroxyl groups and polyvinyl acetal molecules that dissolve in methanol.
- the undissolved content is 5 to 70%.
- the undissolved content of Regulation 2 is preferably 7 to 70% by mass, more preferably 10 to 70% by mass, and still more preferably 20 to 70% by mass.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention that a sheet that is inferior in transparency and looks cloudy when used in laminated glass is originally generated. Hateful. In addition, the recycling efficiency may be reduced. Further, when the polyvinyl acetal having an undissolved content of more than 70% by mass is used, the problem to be solved by the present invention that a sheet that is inferior in transparency and looks cloudy when used in a laminated glass is obtained. It is hard to generate and may reduce recycling efficiency.
- the polyvinyl acetal satisfying the stipulation 2 includes specific amounts of polyvinyl acetal molecules that are difficult to dissolve in chloroform due to a large amount of residual hydroxyl groups and polyvinyl acetal molecules that dissolve in chloroform.
- the polyvinyl acetal used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it satisfies regulations 1 and / or 2, but, among them, when a solution obtained by dissolving 1 g of the polyvinyl acetal in 100 g of ethanol is titrated with hexane at 23 ° C., It is more preferable to use polyvinyl acetal in which the dropwise addition amount of hexane until the solution becomes cloudy is 150 mL or more, more preferably 160 mL or more, and still more preferably 170 mL.
- the polyvinyl acetal having a hexane dropping amount of less than 150 mL contains a polyvinyl acetal molecule having a low affinity with hexane (low polarity solvent) and a remarkably large amount of residual hydroxyl group, and is therefore compatible with the plasticizer used in the present invention. And the transparency of the sheet molded from the resulting composition tends to be inferior.
- the amount of deionized water added until the solution becomes cloudy is preferably 15 mL or more, More preferably, it is more preferable to use polyvinyl acetal which is 17 mL or more, more preferably 20 mL or more, particularly preferably 25 mL or more.
- the polyvinyl acetal having a deionized water dropping amount of less than 15 mL contains a polyvinyl acetal molecule having a low affinity with water (highly polar solvent) and a remarkably small amount of residual hydroxyl group.
- the compatibility becomes low, and the transparency of the sheet formed from the resulting composition tends to be inferior.
- the polyvinyl acetal used in the present invention can be prepared by various methods. For example, the polyvinyl acetal (A) and the polyvinyl acetal (B), each having a different average residual hydroxyl group amount, are mixed. It is possible to use polyvinyl acetal that satisfies the definition 2 and / or a polyvinyl acetal that has a relatively wide acetalization degree distribution even in the same batch and that satisfies the definition 1 and / or the definition 2.
- polyvinyl acetal of the present invention when using a mixture of polyvinyl acetal (A) and polyvinyl acetal (B), each having a different average residual hydroxyl group amount, if the average residual hydroxyl group amount is different from each other, the present invention
- the polyvinyl acetal used is not particularly limited as long as it is not contrary to the above.
- X 15.0 to 27.0, preferably 15.5 to 27.0, more preferably 16.0 to 27.0
- Y 33.0 to 50.0, preferably 33.0 to 45.0, more preferably 33.0 to 41.0
- the polyvinyl acetal obtained by mixing the polyvinyl acetal (A) and the polyvinyl acetal (B) satisfies the requirements 1 and 2.
- Polyvinyl acetal (A) and polyvinyl acetal (B) are 20: Mixing may be performed at a mass ratio of 80 to 98: 2, preferably 30:70 to 95: 5, more preferably 50:50 to 90:10.
- a composition having excellent transparency can be obtained, and a sheet having excellent transparency can be formed using the composition.
- the efficiency in recycling the laminated interlayer film can be increased.
- the polyvinyl acetal used in the present invention preferably has an average residual hydroxyl group content of 15 to 33 mol%, more preferably 23 to 32.5 mol%, and still more preferably 27 to 32.0 mol%. is there.
- the average residual hydroxyl group amount of the polyvinyl acetal after mixing is the said range.
- the polyvinyl acetal, polyvinyl acetal (A), and polyvinyl acetal (B) used in the present invention are usually produced using polyvinyl alcohol as a raw material.
- the polyvinyl alcohol can be obtained by a conventionally known method, that is, by polymerizing a vinyl ester compound and saponifying the obtained polymer.
- a method for polymerizing the vinyl ester compound conventionally known methods such as a solution polymerization method, a bulk polymerization method, a suspension polymerization method, and an emulsion polymerization method can be applied.
- As the polymerization initiator an azo initiator, a peroxide initiator, a redox initiator, or the like can be appropriately selected depending on the polymerization method.
- a conventionally known alcoholysis or hydrolysis using an alkali catalyst or an acid catalyst can be applied.
- a saponification reaction using methanol as a solvent and a caustic soda (NaOH) catalyst is simple and most preferable.
- vinyl ester compound examples include conventionally known carboxylic acid vinyl esters such as vinyl formate, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl stearate, and vinyl benzoate, with vinyl acetate being particularly preferred.
- modified polyvinyl alcohol obtained by copolymerizing the vinyl ester compound and other conventionally known monomers can be used as long as it does not contradict the gist of the present invention.
- This conventionally known monomer is usually used in a proportion of less than 10 mol% with respect to the vinyl ester monomer.
- the viscosity average polymerization degree of polyvinyl alcohol used as a raw material for the polyvinyl acetal used in the present invention is not particularly limited and is appropriately selected according to the use, but is preferably 150 to 3,000, preferably 200 to 2,500. More preferred are those of 1,000 to 2,000.
- the viscosity average polymerization degree of polyvinyl alcohol is less than 150, the strength tends to be insufficient when the resulting composition is molded, and when it is greater than 3,000, the handleability of the resulting composition tends to be poor. It is in.
- the polyvinyl acetal used in the present invention can be synthesized, for example, under the following reaction conditions, but is not limited thereto.
- an aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution having a concentration of 3 to 40% by mass is maintained in a temperature range of 80 to 100 ° C., and then the temperature is gradually cooled over 10 to 60 minutes.
- an aldehyde and an acid catalyst are added, and an acetalization reaction is performed for 30 to 300 minutes while keeping the temperature constant (this temperature is defined as a reaction temperature during precipitation).
- this temperature is defined as a reaction temperature during precipitation.
- polyvinyl acetal having a certain degree of acetalization is deposited.
- the temperature of the reaction solution is raised to a temperature of 30 to 80 ° C. over 30 to 300 minutes, and the temperature is maintained for 10 to 500 minutes (this temperature is set as a reaction temperature for driving in).
- a neutralizing agent such as alkali is added to the reaction solution as necessary to neutralize the acid catalyst, and the resin is washed with water and dried to obtain the polyvinyl acetal used in the present invention.
- reaction temperature at the time of precipitation when the reaction temperature at the time of precipitation is set to a high temperature, for example, 20 ° C or higher, or when the reaction temperature at the time of driving is set to a high temperature, for example, 70 ° C or higher, the reaction rate of the acetalization reaction is increased.
- the reaction time can be shortened.
- the obtained polyvinyl acetal resin particles are large, and the variation in the batch tends to be large.
- a composition having excellent transparency, and a transparency using the same A sheet having excellent properties can be obtained.
- the acid catalyst used in the acetalization reaction is not particularly limited, and any of organic acids and inorganic acids can be used. Examples thereof include acetic acid, paratoluenesulfonic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, and hydrochloric acid. Of these, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid are preferably used.
- Nitric acid increases the reaction rate of the acetalization reaction and can be expected to improve the productivity.
- the obtained polyvinyl acetal particles tend to be coarse and tend to have a relatively wide distribution of acetalization even in the same batch. is there.
- the aldehyde used in the acetalization reaction of the present invention is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of easy acetalization and easy removal of aldehyde remaining after the reaction, acetalization with a conventionally known aldehyde having 1 to 8 carbon atoms is possible. An aldehyde having 4 to 6 carbon atoms is preferable, and n-butyraldehyde is particularly preferably used.
- polyvinyl acetal obtained by using two or more aldehydes in combination can also be used.
- the average degree of acetalization of the polyvinyl acetal used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 66 to 78 mol%, more preferably 66.5 to 75 mol%, from the viewpoint of excellent balance of transparency and mechanical strength, 67 More preferred is ⁇ 72 mol%.
- the average residual amount of vinyl carboxylate group is 0.1 to 20 mol% from the viewpoint of excellent balance between transparency and mechanical strength and excellent durability when the composition of the present invention is used for a long period of time. Is preferably 0.3 to 13 mol%, more preferably 0.5 to 10 mol%.
- the plasticizer used in the present invention is mixed in an amount of 30 to 70 parts by weight, preferably 33 to 68 parts by weight, more preferably 50 to 66 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl acetal satisfying the requirements 1 and / or 2.
- a transparent and plasticized composition can be obtained.
- the plasticizer having a polar group is 0.5 to 100% by mass, preferably 2 to 100% by mass, more preferably 5 to 5%. 100% by mass and a plasticizer having no polar group, 0 to 99.5% by mass, preferably 0 to 98% by mass, more preferably 0 to 95% by mass.
- the total amount of the plasticizers having no is 100% by mass.
- the plasticizer used in the present invention contains 100% by mass of a plasticizer having a polar group and 0% by mass of a plasticizer having no polar group.
- the plasticizer used in the present invention has a polar group. It means that it contains only the plasticizer it has.
- the plasticizer having a polar group is obtained when the composition of the present invention is treated at high humidity, for example, at 23 ° C. and 90% RH, Alternatively, there is an effect of preventing bleeding of a plasticizer not containing a polar group.
- the compound used as a plasticizer having a polar group is not particularly limited, has compatibility with the polyvinyl acetal used in the present invention, and has a plasticizing effect on the polyvinyl acetal, and further satisfies the definition 1 and / or the definition 2. It will not specifically limit if polyvinyl acetal is mutually compatible, You may use individually and may use 2 or more types together.
- the polar group include a hydroxyl group, a polyethylene oxide group having a polymerization degree of 10 or more, a polypropylene oxide group having a polymerization degree of 10 or more, a carboxyl group, and an amino group.
- the plasticizer having a polar group is particularly preferably a compound having a hydroxyl group.
- the molecular weight is not particularly limited, but a compound having a molecular weight of 200 to 2000, preferably a molecular weight of 220 to 1000, more preferably a molecular weight of 250 to 700 is transparent in the present invention. From the viewpoint of obtaining a sheet having excellent properties.
- the number average molecular weight based on the hydroxyl value of the compound having a hydroxyl group is not particularly limited, but is preferably 200 to 2000, more preferably 220 to 1700, and further preferably 240 to 1500.
- the number average molecular weight based on the hydroxyl value is smaller than 200, the boiling point of the compound may not be sufficiently high, and high volatility may be a problem.
- the number average molecular weight based on the hydroxyl value is larger than 2000, the compatibility between the compound and polyvinyl acetal may be insufficient.
- the number of hydroxyl groups per molecule having a hydroxyl group in the case of using a mixture of two or more compounds having a hydroxyl group refers to the average value per molecule of the compound having a hydroxyl group contained in the mixture.
- the compound having a hydroxyl group is not particularly limited as long as it has 1 or more, preferably 1 to 4, more preferably 1 to 3 hydroxyl groups, and may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- an ester compound having a hydroxyl group, and / or Alternatively, an ether compound having a hydroxyl group is preferable.
- the ester compound having a hydroxyl group is a compound having at least one ester bond and having a hydroxyl group
- the ether compound having a hydroxyl group is a compound having at least one ether bond and having a hydroxyl group.
- ester compounds having a hydroxyl group include methyl ricinoleate, butyl ricinoleate, 2-ethylhexyl ricinoleate, ricinoleic acid (2-hydroxyethyl), glycerin monoricinoleate, glycerin diricinoleate, glycerin triricinol.
- Acid ester glycerin diricinoleate monooleate, oleic acid (2-hydroxyethyl), 2-ethylhexanoic acid (2-hydroxyethyl), ricinoleic acid ⁇ 2- [2- (2-hydroxyethoxy) ethoxy] Ethyl ⁇ 2-ethylhexanoic acid ⁇ 2- [2- (2-hydroxyethoxy) ethoxy] ethyl ⁇ , methyl ricinoleate, ethyl ricinoleate, butyl ricinoleate, octyl ricinoleate, octyl 6-hydroxyhexanoate 12-hydroxystearic acid methyl other such castor, and polyester compounds having a hydroxyl group.
- a polyester compound having a hydroxyl group is used because it is compatible with the polyvinyl acetal used in the present invention, has excellent plasticizing effect on the polyvinyl acetal, and can obtain a transparent sheet by compatibilizing the polyvinyl acetal. It is preferable.
- Castor oil is a glycerin tricarboxylic acid ester obtained from castor seeds, and most of the carboxylic acid ester portion, usually 80 to 95% by mass, is ricinoleic acid ester, and the remainder is palmitic acid ester, stearic acid ester, It is composed of oleic acid ester, linoleic acid ester, linolenic acid ester and the like.
- polyester (C) The polyester compound having a hydroxyl group
- polyester (C) is not particularly limited.
- a polyester (C-1) having a hydroxyl group which is a condensation copolymer of a polyvalent carboxylic acid and a polyhydric alcohol (
- polyester (C-1) a polymer of hydroxycarboxylic acid and having a hydroxyl group (C-2)
- polyester (C-3) a hydroxyl group-containing polycarbonate polyol (C-3) (hereinafter simply referred to as polyester (C-3)).
- the polyester (C-1) can be obtained by condensation polymerization of a polyvalent carboxylic acid and a polyhydric alcohol in an excess of polyhydric alcohol.
- polyvalent carboxylic acids aliphatic divalent carboxylic acids such as succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedioic acid, 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid
- aliphatic trivalent carboxylic acids such as 1,3,5-pentatricarboxylic acid, aromatic divalent carboxylic acids such as phthalic acid and terephthalic acid, and aromatic trivalent carboxylic acids such as trimellitic acid.
- aliphatic dicarboxylic acids particularly aliphatic divalent carboxylic acids having 6 to 10 carbon atoms are excellent in the plasticizing effect of the obtained polyester on polyvinyl acetal, and the transparent sheet can be obtained by compatibilizing polyvinyl acetal. It is preferable in that it can be performed.
- polyhydric alcohol examples include 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, 1,2-octanediol, 1,2-nonanediol, 1,8-nonanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,2-cyclohexanediol, 1,2- Examples include aliphatic dihydric alcohols such as cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, diethylene glycol and triethylene glycol; aliphatic trihydric alcohols such as glycerin; aliphatic tetrahydric alcohols such as erythritol and pentaerythritol. However, it is not limited to these. Of
- Polyester (C-2) can be obtained by condensation polymerization of hydroxycarboxylic acid.
- the hydroxycarboxylic acid include glycolic acid, lactic acid, 2-hydroxybutanoic acid, 3-hydroxybutanoic acid, 4-hydroxybutanoic acid, 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid, ricinoleic acid and the like.
- a lactone compound obtained by intramolecular condensation of these hydroxycarboxylic acids can also be used as a raw material.
- the lactone compound include, but are not limited to, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, ⁇ -caprolactone, 4-methyl- ⁇ -valerolactone, and the like.
- polyester (C-2) can be obtained by ring-opening polymerization.
- 6-hydroxycarboxylic acid or ⁇ -caprolactone is preferred from the viewpoints of heat resistance of the polyester (C-2), compatibility with polyvinyl acetal and plasticizing effect.
- the ether compound having a hydroxyl group examples include ethylene glycol monohexyl ether and a polyether compound having a hydroxyl group.
- a polyether compound having a hydroxyl group is preferable, and the polyether compound having a hydroxyl group is ethylene glycol, A polymer of a polyhydric alcohol such as 1,2-propylene glycol and a compound having a hydroxyl group, for example, polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol are preferable.
- the solubility of the plasticizer having a polar group used in the present invention in water is not particularly limited, but the amount dissolved in 100 g of water at 20 ° C. is 100 g or less, preferably 50 g or less, more preferably 10 g or less, still more preferably
- the plasticizer having the polar group is hardly eluted with water.
- the hydroxyl value in the case where the plasticizer having a polar group used in the present invention is a compound having a hydroxyl group is not particularly limited, but is preferably 50 to 600 mgKOH / g, and preferably 70 to 500 mgKOH / g.
- the hydroxyl value in the present invention is a value obtained by measurement by the method described in JIS K1557-1 (2007).
- the hydroxyl value in the case of using a mixture of two or more compounds having a hydroxyl group refers to the hydroxyl value of the mixture (a mixture of compounds having a hydroxyl group having the same mixing ratio as in the polyvinyl acetal composition of the present invention).
- plasticizer having no polar group contained in the plasticizer of the present invention examples include polar groups such as hydroxyl groups, polyethylene oxide groups having a polymerization degree of 10 or more, polypropylene oxide groups having a polymerization degree of 10 or more, carboxyl groups, and amino groups.
- a plasticizer that does not have a group more specifically, a diester compound of a polyhydric alcohol and a monovalent carboxylic acid that does not have a polar group, or a diester compound of a polyvalent carboxylic acid and a monohydric alcohol. And compounds having no polar group.
- Examples of the compound that is a diester of a polyhydric alcohol and a monovalent carboxylic acid and has no polar group include triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate, tetraethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate, and the like.
- diester compound of polyvalent carboxylic acid and monohydric alcohol having no polar group examples include, for example, dihexyl adipate, dioctyl adipate, di (butoxyethyl) adipate, di (butoxyethoxyethyl) adipate And dibutyl sebacate, dioctyl sebacate, dioctyl phthalate, di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, di (octyl) cyclohexanedicarboxylate, and di (isononyl) cyclohexanedicarboxylate.
- a diester of triethylene glycol or tetraethylene glycol and a monovalent carboxylic acid such as triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate and tetraethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate has no polar group.
- a compound is preferable from the viewpoints of compatibility with polyvinyl acetal, plasticizing effect on polyvinyl acetal, low volatility, and the like.
- the plasticizer used in the present invention contains 0.5 to 100% by mass of the plasticizer having a polar group and 0 to 99.5% by mass of a plasticizer having no polar group, and has a polar group.
- the total content of the plasticizer having no polar group is 100% by mass, there is no particular limitation.
- a compound having a hydroxyl group as a plasticizer having a polar group is 0.5 to 5.0% by mass of the whole plasticizer, more preferably 0. It is preferable to contain 0.5 to 4.0% by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 2.0% by mass, and particularly preferably 1.0 to 2.0% by mass.
- a plasticizer having no polar group a compound that is a diester of triethylene glycol or tetraethylene glycol and a monovalent carboxylic acid and does not have a polar group is 70 to 99.5% by mass of the plasticizer, preferably Is preferably 90 to 99.5% by mass, more preferably 95 to 99.5% by mass, and the total of the plasticizer having a polar group and the plasticizer having no polar group is preferably 100% by mass.
- the plasticizer having the polar group has a structure obtained by hydrolyzing any one of two ester bonds contained in the diester, each having 1 hydroxyl group and 1 ester bond. It is preferable that the compound has two.
- composition of the present invention may further contain an antioxidant, an ultraviolet absorber, a plasticizer, an adhesion improver, and other additives unless it is contrary to the gist of the present invention.
- the kind thereof is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include conventionally known phenolic antioxidants, phosphorus antioxidants, sulfur antioxidants, and the like. Of these, phenolic antioxidants are preferred, and alkyl-substituted phenolic antioxidants are particularly preferred. These antioxidants can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the addition amount of the antioxidant is not particularly limited, but is in the range of 0.0001 to 5% by mass, preferably 0.001 to 1% by mass with respect to the mass of the composition. If the addition amount of the antioxidant is less than 0.0001% by mass, a sufficient effect may not be obtained, and if it is more than 5% by mass, no remarkable effect can be expected.
- the type is not particularly limited.
- a conventionally known benzotriazole ultraviolet absorber, oxalic anilide ultraviolet absorber, benzoate ultraviolet absorber, etc. are used. it can.
- These ultraviolet absorbers can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the addition amount of the ultraviolet absorber is not particularly limited, but is in the range of 0.0001 to 5% by mass, preferably 0.001 to 1% by mass with respect to the mass of the composition. If the addition amount of the ultraviolet absorber is less than 0.0001% by mass, a sufficient effect may not be obtained, and if it is more than 5% by mass, no remarkable effect can be expected.
- the adhesiveness modifier is added to the composition of this invention.
- a conventionally well-known thing can be used as an adhesive control agent. Examples thereof include sodium salts, potassium salts, magnesium salts and the like of organic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, butanoic acid, hexanoic acid, 2-ethylbutanoic acid and 2-ethylhexanoic acid, and these may be used alone. Two or more kinds may be used in combination.
- the addition amount of the adhesion modifier is preferably 0.0001 to 1% by mass, more preferably 0.0005 to 0.1% by mass, and 0.001 to 0.03% by mass with respect to the mass of the composition. % Is more preferable.
- the composition of the present invention can be obtained by mixing the specific polyvinyl acetal defined in the present invention, the specific plasticizer, and other components by a conventionally known method.
- a method of distilling the organic solvent after dissolving the components constituting the composition of the present invention in an organic solvent capable of dissolving them; and melting the components constituting the composition of the present invention using an extruder or the like examples thereof include a kneading method.
- the glass transition temperature of the composition of the present invention is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose, but is preferably in the range of 0 to 50 ° C., more preferably 0 to 45 ° C., and 0 More preferably, it is ⁇ 40 ° C.
- the glass transition temperature of the composition of the present invention satisfies the above range, it is particularly suitable when the composition of the present invention is formed into a sheet and used as a laminated glass interlayer.
- the composition of the present invention is excellent in transparency and flexibility, it is particularly suitable as an interlayer film for laminated glass when formed into a sheet.
- the thickness of the sheet in that case is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.05 to 5.0 mm, and more preferably 0.1 to 2.0 mm from the viewpoint of use as an interlayer film for laminated glass. More preferably, the thickness is 0.1 to 1.2 mm.
- the glass used when the sheet of the present invention is used as a laminated glass interlayer is not particularly limited.
- inorganic glass polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate such as float plate glass, polished plate glass, mold plate glass, meshed plate glass, and heat ray absorbing plate glass A conventionally known organic glass or the like can be used, and these may be colorless or colored, or transparent or non-transparent. These glass may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together.
- the thickness of glass is not specifically limited, Usually, it is preferable that it is 100 mm or less.
- the sheet of the present invention is used as a laminated glass interlayer, there is no particular limitation on the shape of the outermost surface of the sheet, but from the viewpoint of handleability (bubble removal property) when laminating with glass, the outermost surface of the laminate. It is preferable to form a concavo-convex structure by a conventionally known method such as melt fracture or embossing.
- the laminated glass of the present invention can be produced by a conventionally known method.
- apparatuses such as a vacuum laminator apparatus, a vacuum bag, a vacuum ring, a nip roll, is mentioned.
- the method of carrying out the temporary crimping by the said method and throwing the obtained temporary crimping body into an autoclave can also be performed additionally.
- laminated glass can be produced at a temperature of 100 to 200 ° C., particularly 130 to 160 ° C. under a reduced pressure of 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 to 3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 MPa.
- a method using a vacuum bag or a vacuum ring is described in, for example, European Patent No. 1235683, and laminated glass can be produced at 130 to 145 ° C. under a pressure of about 2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 MPa, for example.
- a method in which the first temporary pressure bonding is performed at a temperature equal to or lower than the flow start temperature of the composition of the present invention, and then pressure bonding is performed under conditions close to the flow start temperature Specifically, for example, a sheet comprising the composition of the present invention is heated to 30 to 70 ° C. with an infrared heater or the like and then deaerated with a roll, and then heated to 50 to 120 ° C. and then pressure-bonded with the roll to adhere or temporarily attach to the glass. The method of making it adhere
- the autoclave process which may be additionally performed after the temporary pressing, varies depending on the thickness and configuration of the laminated glass, but for example, at a pressure of 1.0 to 1.5 MPa and a temperature of 130 to 145 ° C. for 0.5 to 3 hours. Do.
- PVB-1 polyvinyl butyral
- PVB-2 polyvinyl butyral
- the obtained PVB-2 was measured according to JIS K6728.
- the average degree of butyralization (average degree of acetalization) was 74 mol%, the content of residual vinyl acetate groups was 6 mol%, and the average amount of residual hydroxyl groups was 20 mol%. (See Table 1).
- PVB-3 polyvinyl butyral
- PVB-4 polyvinyl butyral
- PVB-5 polyvinyl butyral
- PVB-6 polyvinyl butyral
- PVB-7 was obtained in the same manner except that the amount of butyraldehyde used was changed to 350 g in the preparation of PVB-1.
- the average degree of butyralization was 63 mol%
- the content of residual vinyl acetate groups was 1 mol%
- the average amount of residual hydroxyl groups was 36 mol% (see Table 1).
- PVB-8 was obtained in the same manner except that the amount of butyraldehyde used was changed to 468 g in the preparation of PVB-3.
- the obtained PVB-8 was measured according to JIS K6728, the average degree of butyralization was 74 mol%, the content of residual vinyl acetate groups was 9 mol%, and the average residual hydroxyl content was 17 mol% (see Table 1). ).
- PVB-9 was obtained in the same manner as in the preparation of PVB-1, except that the amount of butyraldehyde used was changed to 524 g.
- the average degree of butyralization of PVB-9 was 82 mol%, the content of residual vinyl acetate groups was 1 mol%, and the average amount of residual hydroxyl groups was 17 mol% (see Table 1).
- castor oil glycerin tricarboxylic acid ester, 86% by mass
- Composition-1 was hot pressed (150 ° C., 30 minutes) to obtain a sheet-1 of 10 cm ⁇ 10 cm ⁇ 0.8 mm.
- Sheet-1 adjusted to a moisture content of 0.5% (held for 24 hours in an environment of 20 ° C. and 30% RH) is sandwiched between two pieces of 10 cm ⁇ 10 cm ⁇ 3.2 mm glass and temporarily pressed in a vacuum bag. Thereafter, it was treated in an autoclave at 140 ° C. and 1.2 MPa for 40 minutes to obtain a laminated glass-1.
- Examples 2 to 25, Comparative Examples 1 to 3 In the same manner as in Example 1, PVB-1 to PVB-9 having the composition shown in Table 2 were mixed to obtain polyvinyl acetal-2 to 25 and comparative polyvinyl acetal-1 to 3, which were dissolved in methanol or chloroform. In this case, the undissolved portion was measured, and titration with hexane and deionized water after dissolution in ethanol was performed. Further, in the same manner as in Example 1, the composition shown in Table 2 or Table 3 was mixed with polyvinyl acetal, a plasticizer having a polar group, and a plasticizer having no polar group, and compositions-2 to 25, Comparative compositions 1 to 3 were obtained.
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Abstract
Description
規定1:ポリビニルアセタール1gをメタノール100gに溶解させた場合の未溶解分が2.5~90質量%である。
規定2:ポリビニルアセタール1gをクロロホルム100gに溶解させた場合の未溶解分が5~70質量%である。
規定2:ポリビニルアセタール1gをクロロホルム100gに溶解させた場合の未溶解分が5~70質量%である。
多価カルボン酸としてはコハク酸、グルタル酸、アジピン酸、スベリン酸、セバシン酸、ドデカン二酸、1,2-シクロヘキサンジカルボン酸などの脂肪族2価カルボン酸、1,2,3-プロパントリカルボン酸、1,3,5-ペンタトリカルボン酸などの脂肪族3価カルボン酸、フタル酸、テレフタル酸などの芳香族2価カルボン酸、トリメリット酸などの芳香族3価カルボン酸などが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。中でも脂肪族2価カルボン酸、特に炭素数6~10の脂肪族2価カルボン酸が、得られるポリエステルのポリビニルアセタールに対する可塑化効果に優れ、ポリビニルアセタールを相溶化して透明なシートを得ることができる点で好適である。また、多価アルコールとしては、1,2-プロパンジオール、1,3-プロパンジオール、1,2-ブタンジオール、1,3-ブタンジオール、1,4-ブタンジオール、1,2-ヘキサンジオール、3-メチル-1,5-ペンタンジオール、1,2-オクタンジオール、1,2-ノナンジオール、1,8-ノナンジオール、1,9-ノナンジオール、1,2-シクロヘキサンジオール、1,2-シクロヘキサンジメタノール、1,4-シクロヘキサンジメタノール、ジエチレングリコール、トリエチレングリコールなどの脂肪族2価アルコール;グリセリンなどの脂肪族3価アルコール;エリトリトール、ペンタエリトリトールなどの脂肪族4価アルコールなどが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。中でも脂肪族2価アルコールが、ポリエステル(C-1)の耐侯性やポリビニルアセタールとの相溶性、およびポリビニルアセタールに対する可塑化効果に優れるため好適である。
還流冷却器、温度計、イカリ型攪拌翼を備えた10L(リットル)のガラス製容器に、イオン交換水8100g、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA-1:粘度平均重合度1700、けん化度99モル%)660gを仕込み(PVA濃度7.5%)、内容物を95℃に昇温して完全に溶解させた。次に、120rpmで攪拌下、5℃まで約30分かけて徐々に冷却後、ブチルアルデヒド384gと20%の塩酸540mLを添加し、ブチラール化反応を150分間行った。その後、60分かけて50℃まで昇温し、50℃にて120分間保持した後、室温まで冷却した。析出した樹脂をイオン交換水で洗浄後、過剰量の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を添加して残存する酸を中和し、さらに過剰の水で洗浄、乾燥してポリビニルブチラール(PVB-1)を得た。得られたPVB-1をJIS K6728に従って測定したところ、平均ブチラール化度は69モル%、残存酢酸ビニル基の含有量は1モル%であり、平均残存水酸基量は30モル%であった(表1参照)。
還流冷却器、温度計、イカリ型攪拌翼を備えた10Lのガラス製容器に、イオン交換水8100g、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA-2:粘度平均重合度1700、けん化度92モル%)723gを仕込み(PVA濃度8.2%)、内容物を95℃に昇温して完全に溶解させた。次に、120rpmで攪拌下、5℃まで約30分かけて徐々に冷却後、ブチルアルデヒド456gと20%の塩酸540mLを添加し、ブチラール化反応を150分間行った。その後、60分かけて65℃まで昇温し、65℃にて120分間保持した後、室温まで冷却した。析出した樹脂をイオン交換水で洗浄後、過剰量の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を添加して残存する酸を中和し、さらに過剰の水で洗浄、乾燥してポリビニルブチラール(PVB-2)を得た。得られたPVB-2をJIS K6728に従って測定したところ、平均ブチラール化度(平均アセタール化度)は74モル%、残存酢酸ビニル基の含有量は6モル%、平均残存水酸基量は20モル%であった(表1参照)。
還流冷却器、温度計、イカリ型攪拌翼を備えた10Lのガラス製容器に、イオン交換水8100g、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA-3:粘度平均重合度1700、けん化度90モル%)723gを仕込み(PVA濃度8.2%)、内容物を95℃に昇温して完全に溶解させた。次に、120rpmで攪拌下、5℃まで約30分かけて徐々に冷却後、ブチルアルデヒド432gと20%の塩酸540mLを添加し、ブチラール化反応を150分間行った。その後、60分かけて58℃まで昇温し、58℃にて120分間保持した後、室温まで冷却した。析出した樹脂をイオン交換水で洗浄後、過剰量の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を添加し、再洗浄し、乾燥してポリビニルブチラール(PVB-3)を得た。得られたPVB-3をJIS K6728に従って測定したところ、平均ブチラール化度は69モル%、残存酢酸ビニル基の含有量は9モル%、平均残存水酸基量は22モル%であった(表1参照)。
還流冷却器、温度計、イカリ型攪拌翼を備えた10Lのガラス製容器に、イオン交換水8100g、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA-4:粘度平均重合度1700、けん化度87モル%)723gを仕込み(PVA濃度8.2%)、内容物を95℃に昇温して完全に溶解させた。次に、120rpmで攪拌下、5℃まで約30分かけて徐々に冷却後、ブチルアルデヒド427gと20%の塩酸540mLを添加し、ブチラール化反応を150分間行った。その後、60分かけて66℃まで昇温し、66℃にて110分間保持した後、室温まで冷却した。析出した樹脂をイオン交換水で洗浄後、過剰量の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を添加して残存する酸を中和し、さらに過剰の水で洗浄し、乾燥してポリビニルブチラール(PVB-4)を得た。得られたPVB-4をJIS K6728に従って測定したところ、平均ブチラール化度は68モル%、残存酢酸ビニル基の含有量は12モル%、平均残存水酸基量は20モル%であった(表1参照)。
還流冷却器、温度計、イカリ型攪拌翼を備えた10Lのガラス製容器に、イオン交換水8100g、PVA-1(粘度平均重合度1700、けん化度99モル%)660gを仕込み(PVA濃度7.5%)、内容物を95℃に昇温して完全に溶解させた。次に、120rpmで攪拌下、22℃まで約30分かけて徐々に冷却後、ブチルアルデヒド385gと30%の硝酸300mLを添加し、ブチラール化反応を120分間行った。その後、60分かけて80℃まで昇温し、80℃にて100分間保持した後、室温まで冷却した。析出した樹脂をイオン交換水で洗浄後、過剰量の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を添加して残存する酸を中和し、さらに過剰量の水で洗浄し、乾燥してポリビニルブチラール(PVB-5)を得た。得られたPVB-5をJIS K6728に従って測定したところ、平均ブチラール化度は68モル%、残存酢酸ビニル基の含有量は1モル%、平均残存水酸基量は31モル%であった(表1参照)。
還流冷却器、温度計、イカリ型攪拌翼を備えた10Lのガラス製容器に、イオン交換水8100g、PVA-5(粘度平均重合度1700、けん化度92モル%)660gを仕込み(PVA濃度7.5%)、内容物を95℃に昇温して完全に溶解させた。次に、120rpmで攪拌下、23℃まで約30分かけて徐々に冷却後、ブチルアルデヒド410gと30%の硝酸300mLを添加し、ブチラール化反応を120分間行った。その後、60分かけて77℃まで昇温し、77℃にて100分間保持した後、室温まで冷却した。析出した樹脂をイオン交換水で洗浄後、過剰量の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を添加して残存する酸を中和し、さらに過剰の水で洗浄、乾燥してポリビニルブチラール(PVB-6)を得た。得られたPVB-6をJIS K6728に従って測定したところ、平均ブチラール化度は73モル%、残存酢酸ビニル基の含有量は7モル%、平均残存水酸基量は20モル%であった(表1参照)。
PVB-1の調製において、ブチルアルデヒドの使用量を350gに変更した以外は同様にして、PVB-7を得た。PVB-7をJIS K6728に従って測定したところ、平均ブチラール化度は63モル%、残存酢酸ビニル基の含有量は1モル%、平均残存水酸基量は36モル%であった(表1参照)。
PVB-3の調製において、ブチルアルデヒドの使用量を468gに変更した以外は同様にして、PVB-8を得た。得られたPVB-8をJIS K6728に従って測定したところ、平均ブチラール化度は74モル%、残存酢酸ビニル基の含有量は9モル%、平均残存水酸基量は17モル%であった(表1参照)。
PVB-1の調製において、ブチルアルデヒドの使用量を524gに変更した以外は同様にして、PVB-9を得た。PVB-9の平均ブチラール化度は82モル%、残存酢酸ビニル基の含有量は1モル%、平均残存水酸基量は17モル%であった(表1参照)。
ポリビニルアセタール-1(PVB-1:PVB-2=80:20の質量比で混合)100質量部、ひまし油(グリセリントリカルボン酸エステルであって、カルボン酸エステル部分の86質量%がリシノール酸エステルであり、13質量%がパルミチン酸エステル、ステアリン酸エステル、オレイン酸エステル、リノール酸エステル、リノレン酸エステルのいずれかであり、1質量%がその他のカルボン酸エステルで構成;1分子あたりの水酸基の数2.6個、水酸基価160mgKOH/g、水酸基価に基づく数平均分子量910)50質量部をラボプラストミルで溶融混練(150℃、5分)して、組成物-1を得た。組成物-1を熱プレス(150℃、30分)して、10cm×10cm×0.8mmのシート-1を得た。含水量を0.5%に調整(20℃、30%RHの環境下で24時間保持)したシート-1を、10cm×10cm×3.2mmのガラス2枚に挟んでバキュームバック内で仮圧着後、オートクレーブで140℃、1.2MPa、40分間処理して合わせガラス-1を得た。
(1)メタノールに溶解させた場合の未溶解分の分析
メタノール100gを撹拌下、各粒子または各塊の長径が3mm以下である1gのポリビニルアセタール-1を塊状)にならないように添加し、25℃で72時間処理した後、得られた溶液(未溶解分を含む)をJIS P3801の規定における5種Aのろ紙を使用して差圧0.010±0.002MPaで減圧ろ過し、ろ紙上に残存する成分の乾燥質量を測定することで求めた。1gのポリビニルアセタール-1をメタノールに溶解させた場合の未溶解分は19質量%であった。
クロロホルム100gを撹拌下、各粒子または各塊の長径が3mm以下である1gのポリビニルアセタール-1を塊状にならないように添加し、25℃で72時間処理した後、得られた溶液(未溶解分を含む)をJIS P3801の規定における5種Aのろ紙を使用して差圧0.010±0.002MPaで減圧ろ過し、ろ紙上に残存する成分の乾燥質量を測定することで求めた。1gのポリビニルアセタール-1をクロロホルム100gに溶解させた場合の未溶解分は0%であった。
1gのポリビニルアセタール-1をエタノール100gに溶解して透明な溶液を得て、該溶液を23℃で撹拌しながらヘキサンにより滴定したところ、滴下量が180mLになった時点で溶液が白濁した。
1gのポリビニルアセタール-1をエタノール100gに溶解して透明な溶液を得て、該溶液を23℃で撹拌しながら脱イオン水で滴定したところ、脱イオン水の滴下量が28mLになった時点で溶液が白濁した。
ポリビニルアセタール-1の評価結果を表2に示す。
シート-1を3mm幅で切断し、ティーエスインスツルメント社製、RSA-G2を用いて動的粘弾性測定を行った(引っ張りモード、周波数0.3Hz、-20℃から測定を開始し、3℃/分で昇温した。100℃まで昇温したところで測定を終了した)。測定範囲内でtanδが最大になる温度(tanδのピーク温度、すなわち本発明におけるガラス転移温度)は27℃であった。結果を表4に示す。
シート-1を、23℃、90%RHで2週間静置した後の白濁の有無およびブリードの有無を確認したところ、いずれも見られなかった。結果を表4に示す。
スガ試験機社製、ヘーズメーター(HZ-1)を使用し、合わせガラス-1のヘイズを測定したところ0.6%であった。結果を表4に示す。
合わせガラス-1の面に対して垂直な方向、20cmの距離から2700ルーメンのライトを照射し、光が照射されている部分の曇り発生有無を合わせガラス斜め上方から目視で確認したところ、曇りは発生していなかった。結果を表4に示す。
実施例1と同様にして、表2に示す組成でPVB-1~PVB-9を混合して、ポリビニルアセタール-2~25および比較ポリビニルアセタール-1~3を得、メタノールまたはクロロホルムに溶解させた場合の未溶解分の測定、エタノールに溶解させた後のヘキサン、脱イオン水による滴定を実施した。さらに、実施例1と同様の方法で、表2または表3に示す組成でポリビニルアセタール、極性基を有する可塑剤、極性基を有さない可塑剤を混合して、組成物-2~25、比較組成物1~3を得た。さらに、これらの組成物から実施例1と同様にして、シート-2~25及び比較シート1~3、並びに、合わせガラス-2~25及び比較合わせガラス1~3を得た。得られたシートおよび合わせガラスの評価を実施例1と同様に行った。結果を表2~表4に示す。
Claims (21)
- 規定1および/または規定2を満たすポリビニルアセタール100質量部に対して、極性基を有する可塑剤0.5~100質量%、極性基を有さない可塑剤0~99.5%を含有する可塑剤30~70質量部を含む組成物。
規定1:ポリビニルアセタール1gをメタノール100gに溶解させた場合の未溶解分が2.5~90質量%である。
規定2:ポリビニルアセタール1gをクロロホルム100gに溶解させた場合の未溶解分が5~70質量%である。 - ポリビニルアセタールが、該ポリビニルアセタール1gをエタノール100gに溶解させた溶液をヘキサンで滴定した場合に、溶液が白濁するまでのヘキサンの滴下量が150mL以上である、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- ポリビニルアセタールが、該ポリビニルアセタール1gをエタノール100gに溶解させた溶液を脱イオン水で滴定した場合に、溶液が白濁するまでの脱イオン水の滴下量が15mL以上である、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 極性基を有する可塑剤が水酸基を有する化合物である、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 水酸基を有する化合物の分子量が200~2000である、請求項4に記載の組成物。
- 水酸基を有する化合物の水酸基価に基づく数平均分子量が200~2000である、請求項4記載の組成物。
- 水酸基を有する化合物が水酸基を有するエステル化合物である、請求項4~6に記載の組成物。
- 水酸基を有するエステル化合物が水酸基を有するポリエステル化合物である、請求項7に記載の組成物。
- 水酸基を有する化合物が水酸基を有するエーテル化合物である、請求項4~6に記載の組成物。
- 水酸基を有するエーテル化合物が水酸基を有するポリエーテル化合物である、請求項9に記載の組成物。
- 可塑剤の0.5~5質量%が水酸基を有する化合物であり、可塑剤の70~99.5質量%がトリエチレングリコール及びテトラエチレングリコールから選ばれる1種以上の化合物と1価カルボン酸とのジエステル化合物であって極性基を有さない化合物である、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- ポリビニルアセタールが、平均残存水酸基量の異なるポリビニルアセタール(A)とポリビニルアセタール(B)を混合したものである、請求項1~11のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- ポリビニルアセタール(A)の平均残存水酸基量をXモル%、ポリビニルアセタール(B)の平均残存水酸基量をYモル%としたときに、|X-Y|≧1モル%である、請求項12に記載の組成物。
- X=27.0~33.0、Y=15.0~27.0であり、ポリビニルアセタールが規定1を満たしている、請求項13に記載の組成物。
- X=27.0~33.0、Y=33.0~50.0であり、ポリビニルアセタールが規定2を満たしている、請求項13に記載の組成物。
- X=15.0~27.0、Y=33.0~50.0であり、ポリビニルアセタールが規定1および規定2を満たしている、請求項13に記載の組成物。
- ポリビニルアセタール(A)とポリビニルアセタール(B)との混合比率が、質量比で20:80~98:2である、請求項12~16のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- ポリビニルアセタールの平均残存水酸基量が15~33モル%である請求項1~17のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 請求項1~18のいずれかに記載の組成物からなるシート。
- 請求項19に記載のシートを含む合わせガラス。
- ヘイズが0.01~2%である、請求項20に記載の合わせガラス。
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US9460702B2 (en) | 2014-10-15 | 2016-10-04 | Solutia Inc. | Multilayer interlayer having sound damping properties over a broad temperature range |
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US10076893B2 (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2018-09-18 | Solutia Inc. | Poly(vinyl acetal) resin compositions, layers, and interlayers having enhanced optical properties |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20160046783A1 (en) | 2016-02-18 |
JP5632077B1 (ja) | 2014-11-26 |
JPWO2014147841A1 (ja) | 2017-02-16 |
EP2977402A1 (en) | 2016-01-27 |
EP2977402A4 (en) | 2016-11-16 |
KR20150135428A (ko) | 2015-12-02 |
KR102033918B1 (ko) | 2019-10-18 |
US10519295B2 (en) | 2019-12-31 |
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