TWI669332B - 發泡組合物及其發泡體 - Google Patents

發泡組合物及其發泡體 Download PDF

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TWI669332B
TWI669332B TW107133416A TW107133416A TWI669332B TW I669332 B TWI669332 B TW I669332B TW 107133416 A TW107133416 A TW 107133416A TW 107133416 A TW107133416 A TW 107133416A TW I669332 B TWI669332 B TW I669332B
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foaming composition
foam
foaming
polyethylene
composition according
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TW107133416A
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TW202012528A (zh
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汪毓傑
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汪毓傑
邵淑惠
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Priority to US16/553,152 priority patent/US11312833B2/en
Priority to KR1020190112351A priority patent/KR102258266B1/ko
Priority to CN201910880910.6A priority patent/CN110938229A/zh
Publication of TW202012528A publication Critical patent/TW202012528A/zh

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Abstract

本創作提供一種發泡組合物,以該發泡組合物之總重為基準,其包含:5 wt%至70 wt%的回收聚乙烯醇縮丁醛;10 wt%至70 wt%的聚乙烯-酯類共聚物;0.5 wt%至3.5 wt%的發泡劑;0.5 wt%至3 wt%的過氧化物交聯劑;以及0.1 wt%至2.5 wt%的醯肼類交聯劑。由該發泡組合物發泡成型的發泡體不僅不會散發醛類所產生的難聞氣味,還具有良好機械性質,形變恢復能力佳。

Description

發泡組合物及其發泡體
本創作關於一種發泡組合物,及由該發泡組合物成型之發泡體。
聚合物發泡材料由於內部含有大量氣泡、不僅質輕、省料、熱導率低、隔熱性能好,還具有優良的緩衝性能、隔音性能以及比強度高等優點,因此廣泛應用在工業、農業、軍事、生活日用品和辦公用品等各領域。
一般而言,聚合物發泡材料依其使用的原料不同,大致上可分為塑膠發泡材料和彈性體發泡材料;塑膠發泡材料具有加工塑形容易、顏色美觀之優點,但其彈性不佳、止滑性差且回收不易;反之,彈性體發泡材料具有彈性佳及止滑性佳之優點,但其後加工的塑形不易、加工過程造成粉塵汙染,且其產品有異味。
聚乙烯醇縮丁醛(polyvinyl butyral,PVB)因具有高透明度、高韌性和高彈性而廣泛應用於汽車安全玻璃、航空航海、高層建築以及太陽能光伏電池等領域。除此之外,聚乙烯醇縮丁醛還兼具加工塑形容易的優點,因此成為發泡材料的另一選擇;然而,聚乙烯醇縮丁醛的價格昂貴,會造成發泡材料的生產成本大幅提高,便不利於產業開發。
為了解決上述問題,一些利用生產聚乙烯醇縮丁醛產品的邊材或者聚乙烯醇縮丁醛產品的廢棄物等廢料作為聚乙烯醇縮丁醛原料的方法已被提出。例如,美國發明專利第7799840號(US 7799840 B2)提出以回收的聚乙烯醇縮丁醛、乙酸乙烯酯聚合物、發泡劑等成分作為阻尼材料組成物,並將所述阻尼材料組成物發泡製成的夾層結構放置於兩面板之間,用來減少例如汽車車身板的振動,進而減少汽車產生的噪音。然而,由於聚乙烯醇縮丁醛係由聚乙烯醇和丁醛製備而來,回收得來的聚乙烯醇縮丁醛常具有丁醛或2-乙基-2-己烯醛殘留的臭味,阻礙了聚乙烯醇縮丁醛產品於應用上的發展。
有鑑於上述現有的發泡組合物存在技術缺陷,本創作之目的在於提供一種有發泡組合物,其不僅能解決使用聚乙烯醇縮丁醛導致的生產成本提高之問題,還可以製得幾乎不具有臭味的產品,進而更具商業產品的開發潛力。
本創作之另一目的在於提供一種發泡組合物,其製品具有良好機械性質,形變恢復能力佳。
為達成前述目的,本創作提供一種發泡組合物。以該發泡組合物之總重為基準,其包含:5重量百分比(wt%)至70 wt%的回收聚乙烯醇縮丁醛;10 wt%至70 wt%的聚乙烯-酯類共聚物;0.5 wt%至3.5 wt%的發泡劑;0.5 wt%至3 wt%的過氧化物交聯劑;以及0.1 wt%至2.5 wt%的醯肼類交聯劑。
依據本創作,藉由特定含量範圍的醯肼類交聯劑與回收聚乙烯醇縮丁醛中的丁醛或2-乙基-2-己烯醛(可由兩個丁醛基縮合而得)在發泡過程中進行反應,因此可消耗掉大部份醛類所產生的難聞氣味;並且,於發泡過程中,藉由過氧化物交聯劑和醯肼類交聯劑將所述發泡組合物中的高分子聚合物主鏈(即聚乙烯醇縮丁醛、聚乙烯-酯類共聚物、熱塑性聚烯烴等)彼此交聯,形成三維網狀結構,進而提升其製品的硬度、剪切模數、延伸性等機械性質;當其製品受衝擊時能夠通過重構(reconstructing)分子間交互作用、耗散(dissipating)所遭受的衝擊能量,同時產生恢復形狀的力而可保持初始形狀。
依據本創作,該回收聚乙烯醇縮丁醛係製造車輛安全玻璃的PVB薄膜產品的邊材或含有PVB薄膜產品的玻璃廢棄物。具體而言,回收聚乙烯醇縮丁醛可由廢棄之汽車安全玻璃中而得,但不限於此。另外,當該回收聚乙烯醇縮丁醛係源自製造車輛安全玻璃的PVB薄膜產品的邊材時,其包含約100百萬分率(ppm)的丁醛或其衍生物。
依據本創作,該醯肼類交聯劑可與丁醛或2-乙基-2-己烯醛進行還原反應生成腙(hydrazine),因此可消除醛類的氣味。此外,該醯肼類交聯劑可與聚乙烯醇縮丁醛或聚乙烯-酯類共聚物中的反應型羰基官能基進行交聯反應。具體而言,該醯肼類交聯劑可為分子中具有一個醯肼基的單醯肼化合物、分子中具有兩個醯肼基的二醯肼化合物、或分子中具有超過兩個醯肼基的多醯肼化合物。舉例而言,單醯肼化合物可為月桂醯肼(lauryl hydrazide)、水楊酸醯肼(salicylic acid hydrazide)、甲醯肼(formic hydrazide)、乙醯肼(acetic hydrazide),但並非僅限於此;二醯肼化合物可為草酸二醯肼(oxalic acid dihydrazide)、琥珀酸二醯肼(succinic acid dihydrazide)、己二酸二醯肼(adipic acid dihydrazide)、□二酸二醯肼(azelaic acid dihydrazide)、癸二酸二醯肼(sebacic acid dihydrazide)、馬來酸二醯肼(maleic acid dihydrazide),但並非僅限於此;多醯肼化合物可為聚丙烯醯肼(polyacrylic hydrazide),但並非僅限於此。
該過氧化物交聯劑受熱時容易分解產生自由基,藉由自由基奪取組成物中的聚合物成分(如聚乙烯醇縮丁醛、聚乙烯-酯類共聚物、熱塑性聚烯烴等)主鏈上的氫原子,使聚合物成分主鏈上的部分碳原子成為活性基進而相互結合產生交聯鍵結。依據本創作,該過氧化物交聯劑可使用先前公知者。舉例而言,該過氧化物交聯劑可為過氧化二異丙苯(dicumyl peroxide)、2,5-二甲基-2,5-雙(叔丁過氧)-3-己炔(2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-buytlperoxy)-3-hexyne)、2,5-二甲基-2,5-雙(叔丁過氧基)己烷(2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-butyl peroxy)hexane)、1,1-二叔丁過氧基-3,3,5-三甲基環己烷(1,1-di(tert-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane)、2,5-二甲基-2,5-雙(過氧叔丁基)己烷(2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-butyl peroxy)hexane)、或過氧化叔丁基異丙苯(tert-butyl cumyl peroxide);也可以同時包含兩種以上的過氧化物交聯劑的混合物,例如過氧化二異丙苯和過氧化叔丁基異丙苯,但並非僅限於此。較佳的,該過氧化物交聯劑為過氧化二異丙苯。
依據本創作,該聚乙烯-酯類共聚物可為聚乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer,EVA)、聚乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物(ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer,EMA)、聚乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物(ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer,EEA)、聚乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯共聚物(ethylene-butyl acrylate copolymer,EBA)或其組合,但並非僅限於此。較佳的,該聚乙烯-酯類共聚物為EVA。其中,EVA中的醋酸乙烯酯單元之含量不同會影響EVA的性質;一般而言,當醋酸乙烯酯單元之含量愈高時,EVA的回彈性、柔韌性、黏合性、透明性、溶解性、和耐衝擊性等性質都會提高;當醋酸乙烯酯單元之含量愈低時,EVA的剛性和耐磨性愈佳。較佳的,該聚乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物係由聚乙烯單體和醋酸乙烯酯單體所聚合而成,其中醋酸乙烯酯單體的含量為8 wt%至35 wt%。在一些實施例中,EVA可為回收的EVA材料。
在一些實施例中,該發泡組合物還可包括一熱塑性聚烯烴;以該發泡組合物之總重為基準,該熱塑性聚烯烴的含量為5 wt%至20 wt%。舉例而言,該熱塑性聚烯烴可為乙烯-丙烯共聚物(ethylene propylene copolymer)、乙烯-丙二烯-二烯三元共聚物(ethylene propylene diene terpolymer)、乙烯-辛烯共聚物(ethylene octene copolymer)、乙烯-丁烯共聚物(ethylene butylene copolymer)、或其組合,但並非僅限於此。較佳的,該熱塑性聚烯烴的重量平均分子量為78,000至140,000。較佳的,該熱塑性聚烯烴為乙烯-辛烯共聚物,更佳地,在由乙烯單體和辛烯單體聚合而成的乙烯-辛烯共聚物中,辛烯單體之含量為20 wt%至50 wt%,其商購產品例如Solumer 891。
依據本創作,該發泡劑係熱分解型發泡劑。舉例而言,發泡劑的分解溫度可介於120°C至200°C。該發泡劑可為偶氮二甲醯胺(azodicarbonamide,AC)、4,4’-氧代雙苯磺醯肼(4,4'-oxybis(benzenesulfonyl hydrazide,OBSH)、對苯甲磺醯肼(p-toluenesulfonyl hydrazide,TSH)、碳酸氫鈉或其組合,但並非僅限於此。
在一些實施例中,該發泡組合物還可包括一橡膠。以該發泡組合物之總重為基準,該橡膠的含量為1 wt%至20 wt%。較佳的,該橡膠的門尼黏度(ML1+4 @120°C)介於20至50。舉例而言,該橡膠可為天然橡膠(natural rubber)、丁苯橡膠(styrene-butadiene rubber,SBR)、聚丁二烯橡膠(polybutadiene rubber,BR)、乙丙橡膠(ethylene propylene rubber,EPR)、苯乙烯-異戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer)、鹵化丁基橡膠(halogenated isobutylene isoprene rubber)等,但並非僅限於此。其中,乙丙橡膠包括三元乙丙橡膠(ethylene propylene diene monomer,EPDM);丁苯橡膠包括苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(poly(styrene-butadiene-styrene) block copolymer);鹵化丁基橡膠可包括氯化丁基橡膠(chlorinated isobutylene isoprene rubber)或溴化丁基橡膠(brominated isobutylene isoprene rubber);聚丁二烯橡膠可依其中所含的順式丁二烯含量分成:順式丁二烯含量為35莫耳(mole)%~40 mole%之低順式丁二烯橡膠、順式丁二烯含量為96 mole%~98 mole%之高順式丁二烯橡膠、及順式丁二烯含量為98 mole%以上之超順式丁二烯橡膠。
在不影響本創作效果的範圍內,所述發泡組合物還可依需求適當添加10 wt%至29 wt%的助劑。舉例而言,助劑可包括發泡助劑、過氧化物交聯助劑、增黏劑、增塑劑、潤滑劑、填料或其組合,但並非僅限於此。
依據本創作,發泡助劑能用於降低發泡劑的分解溫度、增加所述發泡組合物的流動性、防止腐蝕模具或改善泡沫均勻性等。舉例而言,發泡助劑可為氧化鋅、硬脂酸鋅、鄰苯二甲酸鋅、碳酸鋅等,但並非僅限於此。較佳的,以該發泡組合物之總重為基準,該發泡助劑的含量為0.5 wt%至1.5 wt%。
就進一步增加交聯密度的觀點而言,所述發泡組合物可包括過氧化物交聯助劑,以該發泡組合物之總重為基準,該過氧化物交聯助劑的添加量為0.1 wt%至1.0 wt%。一般而言,過氧化物交聯助劑係具有多官能基的反應型助劑,可對自由基的反應非常強烈,可產生更多的交聯鍵結,提高過氧化物交聯劑的交聯效率。舉例而言,該過氧化物交聯助劑可為三羥甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯(trimethylolpropane triacrylate)、1,3,5-三聚氰酸三烯丙基酯(1,3,5-triazin,TAC ) 三烯丙基異氰脲酸酯(triallyl isocyanurate,TAIC)、N,N'-(1,3-亞苯基)雙馬來醯亞胺(N,N’-m-phenylene dimaleimide),但並非僅限於此。
依據本創作,以該發泡組合物之總重為基準,該增黏劑的添加量可為5 wt%至15 wt%。舉例而言,該增黏劑可為萜烯樹脂(terpene resin)、萜酚樹脂(terpene phenolic resin)、多萜樹脂(polyterpene resin)、松香(rosin resin)、芳香烴增黏樹脂、C5、C9之石油樹脂等,但並非僅限於此。
依據本創作,以該發泡組合物之總重為基準,該增塑劑的添加量可為1.0 wt%至3.0 wt%。舉例而言,該增塑劑可為三乙二醇二異辛酸酯(triethylene glycol bis(2-ethylhexanoate))、四乙二醇二庚酸酯(tetraethylene glycol diheptylate)、癸二酸二丁酯(dibutyl sebacate)、己二酸二己酯(dihexyl adipate)、己二酸二辛酸酯(dioctyl adipate,DOA)等,但並非僅限於此。
依據本創作,以該發泡組合物之總重為基準,該潤滑劑的添加量可為0.5 wt%至1.5 wt%。舉例而言,該潤滑劑可為硬脂酸(stearic acid)或硬脂酸鋅(zinc stearate),但並非僅限於此。
依據本創作,以該發泡組合物之總重為基準,該填料的添加量可為5.0 wt%至17.0 wt%。舉例而言,該填料可為滑石粉、二氧化矽、碳酸鎂、矽酸鎂、碳酸鈣、硫酸鋇、黏土、雲母、氫氧化鎂、氫氧化鋁等,但並非僅限於此。
較佳的,以整體發泡組合物之總量為基準,該回收聚乙烯醇縮丁醛之含量為40 wt%至60 wt%;該聚乙烯-酯類共聚物之含量為10 wt%至30wt%;該熱塑性聚烯烴之含量為10 wt%至15 wt%;該發泡劑之含量為1.0 wt%至2.0 wt%;該過氧化物交聯劑之含量為0.5 wt%至1.5 wt%;該醯肼類交聯劑之含量為0.5 wt%至1.5 wt%;該橡膠之含量為5 wt%至10 wt%;該過氧化物交聯助劑之含量為0.3 wt%至1.0 wt%;以及該發泡助劑之含量為0.5 wt%至1.2 wt%。
本創作另提供一種發泡體,其係由所述發泡組合物發泡成型而成。舉例而言,發泡成型的方法可使用熱壓發泡成型、模壓發泡成型或射出發泡成型等,但並非僅限於此。
所述發泡體可應用於吸震鞋墊、運動護具、醫療器材護墊、瑜珈墊、吸震隔音材料、或低彈吸震地墊等,但並非僅限於此。
以下列舉數種實施例及比較例說明本創作之實施方式,熟習此技藝者可經由本說明書之內容輕易地了解本創作所能達成之優點與功效,並且於不悖離本創作之精神下進行各種修飾與變更,以施行或應用本創作之內容。
原料 1. 回收聚乙烯醇縮丁醛,其購自Protrade Asia Limited公司; 2. 聚乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯,商品型號:UE629,其含有的VA單元為18 wt%,購自USI公司; 3. 回收聚乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯,回收自工廠內生產的聚乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯發泡後所產生的邊角料; 4. 熱塑性聚烯烴:乙烯-辛烯二元共聚物,商品型號:Solumer 865,購自SK Global Chemical公司; 5. 橡膠:溴化丁基橡膠,商品型號:Bromobutyl 2211,購自ExxonMobil公司; 6. 增黏劑:商品型號: Foral 85,購自Eastman公司; 7. 發泡劑:偶氮二甲醯胺,商品型號:Celogen754A,購自Celchem LLC公司; 8. 過氧化二異丙苯,商品型號:Luperox DC40,購自Arkema公司; 9. 琥珀酸二醯肼,商品型號:SDH,購自Oakwood Chemical公司; 10. 發泡助劑:氧化鋅,購自Zinc Corp of America公司; 11. 過氧化物交聯助劑:三烯丙基異氰脲酸酯,商品型號:TAIC,購自Mitsubishi International Polymer Trade公司; 12. 潤滑劑:硬脂酸,商品型號:Stearic Acid,購自煒創公司; 13. 填料:碳酸鈣,商品型號:輕質碳酸鈣,購自益泰安公司; 14. 填料:二氧化矽,商品型號:Ultrasil VN3,購自Evonik公司。
實施例1至4與比較例1至4:發泡組合物
實施例 1
首先將回收聚乙烯醇縮丁醛放置在揑合機中揑合10分鐘;隨後將聚乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯、琥珀酸二醯肼、碳酸鈣、二氧化矽、氧化鋅、三烯丙基異氰脲酸酯、硬脂酸加入揑合機中,並以120°C的溫度進行12分鐘的攪拌混合。在前述混合步驟完成前的最後2分鐘時,將偶氮二甲醯胺和過氧化二異丙苯加入揑合機中混合2分鐘,得到一混合物。將所述混合物轉到雙滾輪上並升溫,再將所述混合物移至分散滾輪,得到一均勻的發泡組合物;該發泡組合物中各成分的配比如下:回收聚乙烯醇縮丁醛54.6 wt%、聚乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯23.4 wt%、琥珀酸二醯肼0.8 wt%、碳酸鈣13 wt%、二氧化矽3.8 wt%、氧化鋅1.5 wt%、三烯丙基異氰脲酸酯0.3 wt%、硬脂酸0.5 wt%、偶氮二甲醯胺1.4 wt%、以及過氧化二異丙苯0.7 wt%。
將該發泡組合物置於開煉機,以80°C的溫度將混合均勻的發泡組合物進行混煉、塑化,再壓延成厚度為1釐米的片狀薄膜。
從所述片狀薄膜中秤取150克放置於模具中,再將模具移至平板硫化機,以模壓7公斤至8公斤、溫度165°C至170°C的條件進行模壓發泡成型10分鐘至15分鐘,最後得到發泡體1。
實施例 2 4 與比較例 1 4
根據下表1所示之配比配製實施例2至4的發泡組合物,且依照與製備發泡體1相同的步驟製備發泡體2至4;以及根據下表2所示之配比配製比較例1至4的發泡組合物,且依照與製備發泡體1相同的步驟製備發泡體7至10。其主要差異在於使用的發泡組合物的組成成份或其含量的差異。
實施例 5
首先將回收聚乙烯醇縮丁醛放置在揑合機中揑合10分鐘;隨後將聚乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯、熱塑性聚烯烴、橡膠、增黏劑、琥珀酸二醯肼、碳酸鈣、二氧化矽、氧化鋅、三烯丙基異氰脲酸酯、硬脂酸加入揑合機中,並以120°C的溫度進行12分鐘的攪拌混合。在前述混合步驟完成前的最後2分鐘時,將偶氮二甲醯胺和過氧化二異丙苯加入揑合機中混合2分鐘,得到一混合物。將所述混合物轉到雙滾輪上並升溫,再將所述混合物移至分散滾輪,得到一均勻的發泡組合物;該發泡組合物中各成分的配比如下:回收聚乙烯醇縮丁醛47 wt%、聚乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯8.4 wt%、熱塑性聚烯烴15 wt%、橡膠6.7 wt%、增黏劑6.7 wt%、琥珀酸二醯肼0.8 wt%、碳酸鈣8.5 wt%、二氧化矽2.2 wt%、氧化鋅1.5 wt%、三烯丙基異氰脲酸酯0.4 wt%、硬脂酸0.5 wt%、偶氮二甲醯胺1.6 wt%、以及過氧化二異丙苯0.7 wt%。
將該發泡組合物置於開煉機,以80°C的溫度將混合均勻的發泡組合物進行混煉、塑化,再壓延成厚度為1釐米的片狀薄膜。
從所述片狀薄膜中秤取150克放置於模具中,再將模具移至平板硫化機,以模壓7公斤至8公斤、溫度165°C至170°C的條件進行模壓發泡成型10分鐘至15分鐘,最後得到發泡體5。
實施例 6 與比較例 5 6
根據下表1所示之配比配製實施例6的發泡組合物,且依照與製備發泡體5相同的步驟製備發泡體6;以及根據下表2所示之配比配製比較例5和6的發泡組合物,且依照與製備發泡體5相同的步驟製備發泡體11和12。其主要差異在於使用的發泡組合物的組成成份或其含量的差異。 表1:實施例1至6之發泡組合物之配比。
發泡組合物編號 實施例1 實施例2 實施例3 實施例4 實施例5 實施例6
回收聚乙烯醇縮丁醛 (wt%) 54.6 39 23.4 54.6 47 20.2
回收聚乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯 (wt%) 0 0 0 23.4 0 0
聚乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯 (wt%) 23.4 39 54.6 0 8.4 28.8
熱塑性聚烯烴 (wt%) 0 0 0 0 15 6.7
橡膠 (wt%) 0 0 0 0 6.7 13.5
增黏劑 (wt%) 0 0 0 0 6.7 10.1
硬脂酸 (wt%) 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
氧化鋅 (wt%) 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
碳酸鈣 (wt%) 13 13 13 13 8.5 11
二氧化矽 (wt%) 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 2.2 3.8
偶氮二甲醯胺 (wt%) 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.9
過氧化二異丙苯 (wt%) 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7
三烯丙基異氰脲酸酯(wt%) 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5
琥珀酸二醯肼 (wt%) 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8
表2:比較例1至6之發泡組合物之配比。
發泡組合物編號 比較例1 比較例2 比較例3 比較例4 比較例5 比較例6
回收聚乙烯醇縮丁醛 (wt%) 54.6 39 23.4 54.6 47 20.2
回收聚乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯 (wt%) 0 0 0 23.4 0 0
聚乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯 (wt%) 23.4 39 54.6 0 8.4 28.8
熱塑性聚烯烴 (wt%) 0 0 0 0 15 6.7
橡膠 (wt%) 0 0 0 0 6.7 13.5
增黏劑 (wt%) 0 0 0 0 6.7 10.1
硬脂酸(wt%) 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
氧化鋅(wt%) 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
碳酸鈣 (wt%) 13.8 13.8 13.8 13.8 8.5 11.8
二氧化矽 (wt%) 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3 3.8
偶氮二甲醯胺 (wt%) 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.9
過氧化二異丙苯 (wt%) 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7
三烯丙基異氰脲酸酯 (wt%) 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5
琥珀酸二醯肼 (wt%) 0 0 0 0 0 0
試驗例:發泡體1至12之特性分析
本試驗例係由如下所述之相同試驗方法分析由實施例1至6、比較例1至6之發泡組合物所發泡成型之發泡體1至12的機械性質、發泡倍率、硬度、比重以及氣味,其結果列於下表3和下表4所示。為確保特性分析的實驗意義,各發泡組合物係以相同的方法形成各發泡體,且各發泡體亦係由相同的試驗方法進行分析。由此可見,各發泡體的特性差異主要係源自於各發泡組合物中組成差異所致。
試驗方法: 1. 流變測試(TS2):依ASTM D5289標準試驗法量測; 2. 流變測試(TC90):依ASTM D5289標準試驗法量測; 3. 最大轉矩值(maximum torque,M h):依ASTM D5289標準試驗法量測; 4. 最小轉矩值(minimum torque,M l):依ASTM D5289標準試驗法量測; 5. 發泡倍率(volumetric expansion factor):以一個固定發泡製品試樣的模具(長x寬x高 = 140厘米 x 100厘米 x 15厘米),在模具內底部加工一條長度為100厘米的小槽;當發泡體成型後,用游標尺量得此槽的長度尺寸(單位:厘米),再將前述長度尺寸除以100,即為發泡倍率; 6. 硬度(hardness,type C):依ASTM D792-13標準試驗法量測; 7. 比重(specific gravity):依ASTM D792-13標準試驗法量測; 8. 回彈率:依ASTM D2632-92標準試驗法量測; 9. 氣味測試:使用嗅覺測定法進行評估,相同檢測人員分別對發泡體1至12評估其氣味。
表3:製作發泡體1至6所選用之發泡組合物的樣品編號以及發泡體的特性分析結果。
發泡體1 發泡體2 發泡體3 發泡體4 發泡體5 發泡體6
發泡組合物編號 實施例1 實施例2 實施例3 實施例4 實施例5 實施例6
流變測試(TS2) (分(') 秒('')) 4'16'' 4'26'' 3'01'' 6'28'' 0'00'' 0'00''
流變測試(TC90) (分 秒) 7'15'' 7'14'' 6'48'' 7'33'' 8'09'' 8'10''
最大轉矩值 3.21 3.15 3.72 2.68 1.19 1.2
最小轉矩值 0.19 0.26 0.3 0.71 0.21 0.27
發泡倍率 (%) 175 175 175 155 175 175
硬度 (type C) 23 26 45-55 30 22 45
比重 (克/立方公分,g/cm3) 0.13 0.125 0.12 0.14 0.135 0.125
回彈率 (%) 15% 21% 26% 10-11% 17% 24%
氣味測試 無臭 無臭 無臭 無臭 無臭 無臭
表4:製作發泡體7至12所選用之發泡組合物的樣品編號以及發泡體的特性分析結果。
發泡體7 發泡體8 發泡體9 發泡體10 發泡體11 發泡體12
發泡組合物編號 比較例1 比較例2 比較例3 比較例4 比較例5 比較例6
流變測試(TS2) (分(') 秒('')) 7'31'' 6'20'' 6'58'' 7'10'' 0'00'' 0'00''
流變測試(TC90) (分 秒) 8'37'' 8'09'' 8'38'' 8'20'' 8'28'' 8'36''
最大轉矩值 2.67 2.88 2.99 2.34 1.02 1.07
最小轉矩值 0.19 0.27 0.33 0.71 0.22 0.26
發泡倍率 (%) 175 175 175 155 175 175
硬度 (type C) 21 23 40 27 20 39
比重 (克/立方公分,g/cm3) 0.13 0.125 0.12 0.14 0.135 0.125
回彈率 (%) 19% 25% 30% 15% 21% 29%
氣味測試
如表3所示,由添加醯肼類交聯劑的發泡組合物(即實施例1至6)發泡成型的發泡體1至6,並未散發醛類之臭味。反觀表4所示的由比較例1至6成型的發泡體7至12,由於其所選用的發泡組合物中未添加醯肼類交聯劑,致使發泡體7至12散發醛類之臭味。
此外,為進一步比較各組具有類似組成的發泡組合物之特性差異,以下係將實施例1之發泡組合物所製得之發泡體1的實驗結果與比較例1之發泡組合物所製得之發泡體7的實驗結果相比,實施例2之發泡組合物所製得之發泡體2的實驗結果與比較例2之發泡組合物所製得之發泡體8的實驗結果相比,以此類推,藉此確認發泡組合物中醯肼類交聯劑之作用。
由表3和表4的流變測試(TS2)結果可知,當所述發泡組合物的成分主要差異為是否添加醯肼類交聯劑時,添加醯肼類交聯劑的發泡組合物(即實施例1)發泡成型的發泡體1,相較於未添加醯肼類交聯劑的發泡組合物(即比較例1)發泡成型的發泡體7的TS2值約減少了43%,發泡體2相較發泡體8的TS2值約減少了30%、發泡體3相較發泡體9的TS2值約減少了57%、發泡體4相較發泡體10的TS2值約減少了10%;由此表示實施例1至4在初反應時流動性良好,能使組成成份均勻分散。另外,因實施例5和6的發泡組合物包含增黏劑和熱塑性聚烯烴,且該增黏劑在模壓發泡成型的170°C時為液態,因此延緩過氧化物交聯劑的反應,而使得所述發泡組合物在初反應時的流動性更佳。
此外,由表3和表4的流變測試(TC90)結果可知,當所述發泡組合物發泡組合物的成分主要差異為是否添加醯肼類交聯劑時,發泡體1的TC90值約低於發泡體7的TC90值約16%,發泡體2的TC90值約低於發泡體8的TC90值約11%,發泡體3的TC90值約低於發泡體9的TC90值約21%,發泡體4的TC90值約低於發泡體10的TC90值約9%,發泡體5的TC90值約低於發泡體11的TC90值約4%,以及發泡體6的TC90值約低於發泡體12的TC90值約5%;由此表示發泡體1至6需要達到完成90%反應的時間減少,即表示所述發泡組合物的反應速率提高。
由表3和表4中的最大轉矩值的比較結果可知,當所述發泡組合物的成分主要差異為是否添加醯肼類交聯劑時,發泡體1的M h高於發泡體7的M h,同樣地,發泡體2的M h高於發泡體8的M h、發泡體3的M h高於發泡體9的M h、發泡體4的M h高於發泡體10的M h、發泡體5的M h高於發泡體11的M h、及發泡體6的M h高於發泡體12的M h;由此表示發泡體1至6具有較佳的剪切模數、延伸性及交聯密度,因此發泡體1至6具有更佳的機械性質。另外,發泡體1的硬度亦高於發泡體7的硬度,發泡體2的硬度高於發泡體8的硬度、發泡體3的硬度高於發泡體9的硬度、發泡體4的硬度高於發泡體10的硬度、發泡體5的硬度高於發泡體11的硬度、及發泡體6的硬度高於發泡體12的硬度;由此表示發泡體1至6具有較佳的硬度,更可謂發泡體1至6具有相更佳的機械性質。
由表3和表4中的回彈率的比較結果可知,當所述發泡組合物的成分主要差異為是否添加醯肼類交聯劑時,發泡體1的回彈率高於發泡體7的回彈率,發泡體2的回彈率高於發泡體8的回彈率、發泡體3的回彈率高於發泡體9的回彈率、發泡體4的回彈率高於發泡體10的回彈率、發泡體5的回彈率高於發泡體11的回彈率、及發泡體6的回彈率高於發泡體12的回彈率;由此表示發泡體1至6確實具有較佳的形變恢復能力。
綜合上述分析結果可知,本案藉由在發泡組合物中同時添加過氧化物交聯劑和醯肼類交聯劑的技術手段,不僅能消除發泡體的難聞氣味,還有利於提升發泡體的機械性質,進而提升本創作之發泡組合物及其發泡體的應用價值。
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Claims (13)

  1. 一種發泡組合物,以該發泡組合物之總重為基準,其包含: 5重量百分比至70重量百分比的回收聚乙烯醇縮丁醛; 10重量百分比至70重量百分比的聚乙烯-酯類共聚物; 0.5重量百分比至3.5重量百分比的發泡劑; 0.5重量百分比至3重量百分比的過氧化物交聯劑;以及 0.1重量百分比至2.5重量百分比的醯肼類交聯劑。
  2. 如請求項1所述之發泡組合物,其中,該醯肼類交聯劑為單醯肼化合物、二醯肼化合物或多醯肼化合物。
  3. 如請求項2所述之發泡組合物,其中,該醯肼類交聯劑為二醯肼化合物,該二醯肼化合物為琥珀酸二醯肼、己二酸二醯肼、□二酸二醯肼、癸二酸二醯肼或其組合。
  4. 如請求項1所述之發泡組合物,其中,該過氧化物交聯劑為過氧化二異丙苯、2,5-二甲基-2,5-雙(叔丁過氧)-3-己炔、2,5-二甲基-2,5-雙(叔丁過氧基)己烷、1,1-二叔丁過氧基-3,3,5-三甲基環己烷、2,5-二甲基-2,5-雙(過氧叔丁基)己烷、過氧化叔丁基異丙苯或其組合。
  5. 如請求項1所述之發泡組合物,其中,該聚乙烯-酯類共聚物為聚乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物、聚乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物、聚乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯共聚物或其組合。
  6. 如請求項5所述之發泡組合物,其中,該聚乙烯-酯類共聚物為聚乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物,且該聚乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物係由聚乙烯單體和醋酸乙烯酯單體所聚合而成,其中醋酸乙烯酯單體的含量為8重量百分比至35重量百分比。
  7. 如請求項1所述之發泡組合物,其中,該發泡劑為偶氮二甲醯胺、4,4’-氧代雙苯磺醯肼、對苯甲磺醯肼、碳酸氫鈉或其組合。
  8. 如請求項1至7中任一項所述之所述之發泡組合物,其中,該發泡組合物還包括5重量百分比至20重量百分比的熱塑性聚烯烴。
  9. 如請求項8所述之發泡組合物,其中,該熱塑性聚烯烴為乙烯-丙烯共聚物、乙烯-丙二烯-二烯三元共聚物、乙烯-辛烯共聚物、乙烯-丁烯共聚物或其組合。
  10. 如請求項1至7中任一項所述之所述之發泡組合物,其中,該發泡組合物還包括1重量百分比至20重量百分比的橡膠。
  11. 如請求項1至7中任一項所述之發泡組合物,其中該發泡組合物還包括10重量百分比至29重量百分比的助劑,該助劑選自下列群組中的至少一種:發泡助劑、過氧化物交聯助劑、增黏劑、增塑劑、潤滑劑、填料及其組合。
  12. 如請求項11所述之發泡組合物,其中,該發泡助劑為氧化鋅或硬脂酸鋅;以及該過氧化物交聯助劑為三羥甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、1,3,5-三聚氰酸三烯丙基酯、三烯丙基異氰脲酸酯、N,N'-(1,3-亞苯基)雙馬來醯亞胺或其組合。
  13. 一種發泡體,其係由如請求項1至12中任一項所述之發泡組合物發泡成型而成。
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