Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
  • C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/01—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients characterized by their specific function
  • C08K3/013—Fillers, pigments or reinforcing additives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
  • C08K3/24—Acids; Salts thereof
  • C08K3/26—Carbonates; Bicarbonates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L67/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L67/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J2300/00—Characterised by the use of unspecified polymers
  • C08J2300/16—Biodegradable polymers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J2367/00—Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
  • C08J2367/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J2367/00—Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
  • C08J2367/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
  • C08J2367/03—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds the dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds having the hydroxy and the carboxyl groups directly linked to aromatic rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J2467/00—Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
  • C08J2467/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J2467/00—Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
  • C08J2467/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
  • C08J2467/03—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds the dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds having the hydroxy and the carboxyl groups directly linked to aromatic rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J2467/00—Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
  • C08J2467/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxy carboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
  • C08K3/24—Acids; Salts thereof
  • C08K3/26—Carbonates; Bicarbonates
  • C08K2003/265—Calcium, strontium or barium carbonate

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a biodegradable polyester mixture contained tend: i) 45 to 95 wt .-%, based on the total weight of components i and ii, of a polyester I, which is composed of: a-1) 40 to 70 wt.
• % based on the total weight of components a and b, of an aliphatic C 9 -C 8 -dicarboxylic acid or of a C 9 -C 8 - dicarboxylic acid derivative; b-1) from 30 to 60% by weight, based on the total weight of components a and b, of terephthalic acid or of a terephthalic acid derivative; c-1) from 98 to 100% by weight, based on the total weight of components a and b, of a C 3 -C 6 -diol; d-1) from 0 to 2% by weight, based on the total weight of components a and b, of an at least trihydric alcohol; e-1) 0 to 2% by weight, based on the total weight of components a to e, of a chain extender; ii) from 5 to 55% by weight, based on the total weight of components i and ii, of a polyester II which is composed of: a-2) from 40
• polyesters such as polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT) are known, for example, from WO-A 96/015173.
• PBAT polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate
• WO-A 2010/034710 describes polyesters such as polybutylene sebacate-co-terephthalate (PBSeT).
• Biodegradability is understood in these documents to be compostable according to DIN EN 13432.
• Composting refers to the degradation in industrial composting plants and means that, after a fixed time under defined temperature, oxygen and moisture conditions in the presence of microorganisms, more than 90 percent of the material must have broken down to water, carbon dioxide and biomass ,
• a home garden composting usually takes place at low temperature, so that the rotting times of the garden waste and accordingly the degradation rates of the plastic to be examined are significantly longer.
• An international standardized test for home garden composting is ISO 20200 (2004).
• biodegradable polyester mixture mentioned at the beginning comprising:
• a polyester I which is composed of: a-1) from 40 to 70% by weight, based on the total weight of components a and b , an aliphatic C 9 -C 8 -dicarboxylic acid or of a C 9 -C 8 - dicarboxylic acid derivative; b-1) from 30 to 60% by weight, based on the total weight of components a and b, of terephthalic acid or of a terephthalic acid derivative; c-1) from 98 to 100% by weight, based on the total weight of components a and b, of a C 3 -C 6 -diol; d-1) from 0 to 2% by weight, based on the total weight of components a and b, of an at least trihydric alcohol; e-1) 0 to 2% by weight, based on the total weight of components a to e, of a chain extender
• Biodegradable polyester films can be used for example as mulch films.
• mulch films in addition to the requirement of high tear propagation resistance to sunlight, especially for transparent mulch films is crucial.
• Black (soot) dyed mulch films already have a UV-absorbed effect, but heat radiation is also absorbed, allowing less heat to pass through to the ground and thus at least for certain crops such as e.g. Melons, corn higher yield / harvest earliness can be achieved.
• WO 2009/071475 discloses mulch films based on polyethylene, for example, which contain hydroxyphenyltriazines as stabilizer.
• Biodegradable polyester films are not explicitly described in WO 2009/071475.
• Biodegradable transparent mulch films based on a biodegradable polyester consisting of aliphatic and / or aromatic dicarboxylic acids and aliphatic dihydroxy compound in practice often have too short a service life, depending on the wall thickness, of only 2 weeks.
• sunscreen agents such as UV absorbers and HALS stabilizers or a combination of both are usually recommended. UV absorbers filter the ultraviolet portion of the light, which converts the energy of the absorbed light into heat.
• HALS stabilizers prevents the reaction of photooxidatively formed cleavage products in the polymer.
• the combination of the active substances mentioned achieves a synergistic effect for containing the two different damage mechanisms.
• Investigations of partly aromatic polyesters of the brand ecoflex ® (BASF SE) have shown that hydroxy-phenyl-triazine-based UV absorbers such as Tinuvin ® 1577 in combination with a HALS stabilizer such as Tinuvin ® 1 1 1, or UV absorbers based on benzophenone such as Uvinul ® 3008 leads to a certain stabilizing effect, but which is far from sufficient for transparent mulch films, especially with low wall thickness. Furthermore, these mulch films can not convince, especially in thin embodiments (less than 30 microns) in terms of tear resistance.
• the aim of the present invention was therefore to continue to provide biodegradable, preferably transparent mulch films with longer service life in the field (above ground), higher tear strength and at the same time complete degradation in the soil (below ground).
• a polyester mixture which, in addition to the inventive components i to iv, the UV absorber 2- (4,6-bis-biphenyl-4-yl-1, 3, 5-triazin-2-yl) -5 - (2-ethyl- (n) -hexyloxy) phenol, and is particularly suitable for agricultural applications.
• the UV absorber 2- (4,6-bis-biphenyl-4-yl-1, 3, 5-triazin-2-yl) -5 - (2-ethyl- (n) -hexyloxy) phenol
• polyesters I are used as component i for the preparation of the biodegradable polyester mixtures according to the invention and all polyesters II based on aliphatic and aromatic dicarboxylic acids and aliphatic dihydroxy compound, so-called partially aromatic polyesters, are suitable as component ii.
• polyesters II are biodegradable according to DIN EN 13432.
• the polyesters I and II differ in the chain length of the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid a.
• Partly aromatic polyesters are also understood according to the invention to mean polyester derivatives which have a small proportion of substructures such as polyether esters, polyesteramides, polyetheresteramides or polyesterurethanes.
• Suitable partially aromatic polyesters include linear polyesters (WO 92/09654). Preferred are chain-extended and / or branched partially aromatic polyesters. The latter are known from the documents cited at the outset, WO 96/15173 to 15176, 21689 to 21692, 25446, 25448 or WO 98/12242, to which reference is expressly made. Mixtures of different partially aromatic polyesters are also possible.
• the preparation of the polyesters I and II according to the invention is preferably carried out by the process described in WO 2009/127556.
• the process described therein is suitable insofar as it makes accessible by the gentle driving style polyester with high viscosity and at the same time low acid number.
• the low acid number is a prerequisite for the effective reaction with diisocyanates, so that the low MVR values according to the invention can be adjusted easily and with process capability.
• MVR melt volume rate
• the product obtainable from 3.) is continuously converted to a viscosity number according to DIN 53728 of 160 to 250 mL / g in a polyaddition reaction with a chain extender in an extruder, a cunning reactor or a static mixer.
• aliphatic-aromatic polyesters having an acid number measured according to DIN EN 12634 of less than 1, 0 mg KOH / g and a viscosity number of greater than 130 mL / g, and a MVR according to ISO 1133 of less than / equal to 6 cm 3/10 min (190 ° C, 2.16 kg weight) accessible.
• the polyester I are preferably as follows: a-1) 40 to 70 wt .-%, based on the total weight of components a and b, of an aliphatic C 9 -C 8 -dicarboxylic acid or of a C 9 -C 8 -Dicarbonklare- derivative; b-1) from 30 to 60% by weight, based on the total weight of components a and b, of terephthalic acid or of a terephthalic acid derivative; c-1) from 98 to 100% by weight, based on the total weight of components a and b, of a C 3 -C 6 -diol; d-1) from 0 to 2% by weight, based on the total weight of components a and b, of an at least trihydric alcohol; e-1) 0 to 2% by weight, based on the total weight of components a to e, of a chain extender.
• C 9 -C 8 dicarboxylic acid (component a-1) is preferably azelaic acid, sebacic acid, brassylic acid, 1, 18-C 8 dicarboxylic acid or the corresponding dicarboxylic acid. Sebacic acid and its derivatives are particularly well suited as component a-1.
• the abovementioned dicarboxylic acids are today accessible from renewable raw materials.
• Aliphatic dicarboxylic acid (a) and terephthalic acid (b) can be used either as the free acid or in the form of ester-forming derivatives.
• Particularly suitable ester-forming derivatives are the di-Ci to C 6 alkyl esters, such as dimethyl, diethyl, di-n-propyl, di-isopropyl, di-n-butyl, di-iso-butyl, di-t-butyl To call di-n-pentyl, di-iso-pentyl or di-n-hexyl ester.
• Anhydrides of dicarboxylic acids can also be used.
• the dicarboxylic acids or their ester-forming derivatives can be used individually or as a mixture.
• the diol (c) is adjusted to the diacids (a and b) in a ratio of diol to diacids of 1, 0 to 2.5: 1 and preferably 1, 3 to 2.2: 1 , Excess diol are withdrawn during the polymerization, so that sets an approximately equimolar ratio at the end of the polymerization.
• approximately equimolar is meant a diol / diacid ratio of 0.98 to 1.0: 1.
• Examples of at least trihydric alcohols (d) are 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane, 1,1,1-trimethylolethane; pentaerythritol; Polyether triols and in particular glycerol in question.
• Components d can be used to build biodegradable polyesters i having a structural viscosity. The rheological behavior of Melting improves; The biodegradable polyesters are easier to process, for example, better by melt consolidation to remove films.
• Chain extenders e represent polyfunctional and in particular difunctional isocyanates, isocyanurates, oxazolines, carboxylic anhydride or epoxides.
• Epoxides are understood as meaning, in particular, epoxide-group-containing copolymer based on styrene, acrylic acid ester and / or methacrylic acid ester.
• the epoxy groups bearing units are preferably glycidyl (meth) acrylates.
• Copolymers having a glycidyl methacrylate content of greater than 20, particularly preferably greater than 30 and especially preferably greater than 50% by weight, of the copolymer have proved to be advantageous.
• the epoxy equivalent weight (EEW) in these polymers is preferably 150 to 3000, and more preferably 200 to 500 g / equivalent.
• the weight average molecular weight M w of the polymers is preferably from 2,000 to 25,000, in particular from 3,000 to 8,000.
• the number-average molecular weight M n of the polymers is preferably from 400 to 6,000, in particular from 1,000 to 4,000.
• the polydispersity (Q) is generally between 1 .5 and 5 epoxide group pen-containing copolymers of the above type are sold for example by BASF Resins BV under the trademark Joncryl ® ADR. Particularly suitable as a chain is Joncryl ® ADR 4368th
• Suitable bifunctional chain extenders e are the following compounds:
• toluene-2,4-diisocyanate, toluylene-2,6-diisocyanate, 2,2'-diphenylmethane-diisocyanate, 2,4'-diisocyanate are among an aromatic diisocyanate.
• 2,2'-, 2,4'- and 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate are particularly preferred.
• the latter diisocyanates are used as a mixture.
• the diisocyanates may also contain urethione groups, for example for capping the isocyanate groups.
• aliphatic diisocyanate refers above all to linear or branched alkylene diisocyanates or cycloalkylene diisocyanates having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 12 carbon atoms, e.g. 1, 6
• Particularly preferred aliphatic diisocyanates are isophorone diisocyanate and in particular 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate.
• the preferred isocyanurates include the aliphatic isocyanurates derived from alkylene diisocyanates or cycloalkylene diisocyanates having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably from 3 to 12 carbon atoms, for example isophorone diisocyanate or methylene bis (4-isocyanatocyclohexane).
• the alkylene diisocyanates can be both linear and branched. Particular preference is given to isocyanurates based on n-hexamethylene diisocyanate, for example cyclic trimers, pentamers or higher oligomers of 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate.
• 2,2'-Bisoxazolines are generally obtainable by the method of Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., Vol. 1 1 (1972), pp. 287-288.
• Particularly preferred bisoxazolines are 2,2'-bis (2-oxazoline), bis (2-oxazolinyl) methane, 1, 2-bis (2-oxazolinyl) ethane, 1, 3-bis (2-oxazolinyl) propane or 1 , 4-bis (2-oxazolinyl) butane, especially 1, 4-bis (2-oxazolinyl) benzene, 1, 2-bis (2-oxazolinyl) benzene or 1,3-bis (2-oxazolinyl) benzene.
• the polyesters I generally have a number-average molecular weight (Mn) in the range from 5000 to 100,000, in particular in the range from 10,000 to 75,000 g / mol, preferably in the range from 15,000 to 50,000 g / mol, a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) from 30,000 to 300,000, preferably 60,000 to 200,000 g / mol and a Mw / Mn ratio of 1 to 6, preferably 2 to 4 on.
• Mn number-average molecular weight
• Mw weight-average molecular weight
• the viscosity number is between 30 and 450, preferably from 50 to 400 g / ml (measured in o-dichlorobenzene / phenol (weight ratio 50/50).)
• the melting point is in the range of 85 to 150, preferably in the range of 95 to 140 ° C. ,
• the polyester I usually have a melt volume rate (MVR) according to EN ISO 1 133 (190 ° C, 2.16 kg weight) of 0.5 to 10.0 cnr710min, preferably from 0.8 to 5 cm 3 / 10min ,
• Polyester II is composed as follows: a-2) from 40 to 70% by weight, based on the total weight of components a and b, of an aliphatic C 4 -C 6 -dicarboxylic acid or of a C 4 -C 6 -dicarboxylic acid
• polyesters II differ from the polyesters I essentially by the
• the dicarboxylic acid component a-2 is shorter than the dicarboxylic acid component a-1.
• C 4 -C 6 dicarboxylic acid is meant succinic acid, glutaric acid and particularly preferably adipic acid.
• the dicarboxylic acids succinic acid and adipic acid are today accessible from renewable raw materials.
• the remaining definitions b-2, c-2, d-2, e-2 of the polyester II correspond to the previously given definitions b-1, c-1, d-1, e-1 of the polyester I.
• the preparation of the polyester II can be carried out, for example, by the methods described above.
• less chain extender e can be used or be dispensed with entirely on the chain extender e.
• milder reaction conditions or shorter reaction times in the method previously described and known from WO 2009/127556 may be adjusted to provide a melt volume rate (MVR) according to EN ISO 1 133 (190 ° C, 2.16 kg weight) of, for example, 0.5 to 10.0 cm 3 / 10min to realize.
• MVR melt volume rate
• partially aromatic polyesters II are understood as meaning polybutylene adipate coterephthalate (PBAT).
• PBAT-commercial products such as Ecoflex ® F (BASF SE) and Eastar ® Bio, Origo 'Bi ® (Novamont), preferred polyester II.
• Ecoflex ® F BASF SE
• Eastar ® Bio, Origo 'Bi ® Novamont
• the enhanced biodegradability in soil occurs especially when polyester I in the inventive polyester mixture, the continuous or co- forms continuous phase, or the mixing ratio of polyester I to polyester II is as follows.
• polyester mixtures containing 50 to 95 wt .-%, particularly preferably 65 to 95 wt .-% and particularly preferably 70 to 90 wt .-%, based on the components i and ii, of the polyester I and 5 to 50 wt .-%, more preferably 5 to 35 wt .-% and particularly preferably 10 to 30 wt .-%, based on the components i and ii, of the polyester II.
• the polymer mixture according to the invention shows improved biodegradability in the soil according to DIN EN ISO 17556 in comparison to the respective individual components: polyester I and polyester II.
• the polyesters I have a higher biodegradability in the soil according to DIN EN ISO 17566
• the polymer mixtures according to the invention decompose at 70-90% by weight, based on the components i and ii, of the polyester i) and 10-30% by weight, based on the components i and ii, faster than the polyesters I.
• polyester II to the mixtures according to the invention also leads to an improvement in puncture resistance. This effect is particularly pronounced in filled polyester blends when additionally 5 to 25 weight percent, based on the total weight of the polymer blend, of polylactic acid is used.
• the polyester mixture may therefore contain other ingredients.
• the polyester mixture including all other ingredients is referred to below as the polymer mixture.
• Calcium carbonate can be used, for example, in 10 to 25% by weight, preferably 10 to 20% by weight, particularly preferably 12 to 18% by weight, based on the total weight of the polymer mixture.
• the calcium carbonate of the company Omya has proven to be suitable.
• the calcium carbonate generally has an average particle size of 0.5 to 10 micrometers, preferably 1 to 5, more preferably 1 to 2.5 micrometers.
• Talc may for example be used in 3 to 15 wt .-%, preferably 3 to 10 wt .-%, particularly preferably 5 to 8 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the polymer mixture.
• the talc from Mondo Minerals has proved suitable.
• the talc usually has an average particle size of 0.5-10, preferably 1-8, more preferably 1-3 microns.
• calcium carbonate and talc In addition to the fillers calcium carbonate and talc, other minerals may also be present such as: graphite, gypsum, carbon black, iron oxide, calcium chloride, kaolin, silicon dioxide (Quartz), sodium carbonate, titanium dioxide, silicate, wollastonite, mica, montmorellonite, mineral fibers and natural fibers.
• other minerals such as: graphite, gypsum, carbon black, iron oxide, calcium chloride, kaolin, silicon dioxide (Quartz), sodium carbonate, titanium dioxide, silicate, wollastonite, mica, montmorellonite, mineral fibers and natural fibers.
• Natural fibers are usually cellulose fibers, kenaf fibers, hemp fibers, wood flour or potato peels. They are preferably used in 1 to 20 wt .-% based on the polymer mixture.
• Nano-active substances are, in particular, finely divided layer silicates, preferably clay minerals, particularly preferably montmorillonite containing clay minerals whose surface has been modified with one or more quaternary ammonium salts and / or phosphonium salts and / or sulfonium salts.
• Preferred clay minerals are natural montmorillonites and bentonites.
• fillers in 10 to 35% by weight, based on the total weight of the polymer mixture can be added to the polyester mixtures.
• polylactic acid PLA
• PCL polycaprolactone
• polyhydroxyalkanoate starch
• polyesters prepared from aliphatic dicarboxylic acids and an aliphatic dihydroxy compound may be added to the polyester mixtures.
• Polylactic acid is preferably added in an amount of from 5 to 25% by weight, more preferably from 6 to 12% by weight, based on the total weight of the polymer blend.
• PLA with the following property profile is preferred:
• melt volume rate (MVR) according to EN ISO 1133 (190 ° C, 2.16 kg weight) from 0.5 to 30 especially 2 to 40 cm 3/10 min)
• polylactic acids are, for example, Ingeo® 8052D, 6201D, 6202D,
• the properties of the polyester film can be produced from the Polymer mixture again be significantly improved. It is also possible to use mixtures of readily flowing and more viscous P LA.
• aliphatic polyesters may preferably be used in 5 to 45 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the polymer mixture.
• Aliphatic polyesters also include polyesters of aliphatic diols and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as polybutylene succinate (PBS), polybutylene adipate (PBA), polybutylene succinate adipate (PBSA), polybutylene succinate sebacate (PBSSe), polybutylene sebacate (PBSe) or corresponding polyesters having a polyesteramide or polyesterurethane substructure Understood.
• PBS polybutylene succinate
• PBA polybutylene adipate
• PBSA polybutylene succinate adipate
• PBSSe polybutylene succinate sebacate
• PBSe polybutylene sebacate
• corresponding polyesters having a polyesteramide or polyesterurethane substructure Understood The aliphatic polyesters are marketed, for example, by the companies Showa Highpolymers under the name Bionolle and by Mitsubishi under the name GSPIa. More recent developments are described in WO-
• Polyhydroxyalkanoates are understood as meaning primarily poly-4-hydroxybutyrates and poly-3-hydroxybutyrates and copolyesters of the abovementioned polyhydroxybutyrates with 3-hydroxyvalerate, 3-hydroxyhexanoate and / or 3-hydroxyoctanoate.
• Poly-3-hydroxybutyrates are sold, for example, by PHB Industrial under the brand name Biocycle® and by Tianan under the name Enmat®.
• Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrates are known in particular from Metabolix. They are sold under the trade name Mirel®.
• Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoates are known from the company P & G or Kaneka.
• Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoates generally have a 3-hydroxyhexanoate content of from 1 to 20 and preferably from 3 to 15 mol%, based on the polyhydroxyalkanoate.
• the polyhydroxyalkanoates generally have a molecular weight Mw of from 100,000 to 1,000,000, and preferably from 300,000 to 600,000.
• thermoplasticized means thermoplasticized with plasticizers such as glycerol, sorbitol or water (see EP-A 539 541, EP-A 575 349, EP-A 652 910) or surface-modified (see EP-A 937120, EP-A 947559, EP -A 965615).
• the polyester mixture according to the invention may contain further additives known to the person skilled in the art.
• the customary in plastics technology ingredients such as stabilizers; nucleating agents; Lubricants and release agents such as stearates (especially calcium stearate); Plasticizers such as citric acid esters (especially acetyl tributyl citrate), glyceric acid esters such as triacetylglycerol or ethylene glycol derivatives, surfactants such as polysorbates, palmitates or laurates; Waxes such as erucic acid amide, stearic acid amide or behenamide, beeswax or beeswax esters; Antistatic, UV absorber; UV-stabilizer; Antifog agents or dyes.
• the additives are used in concentrations of 0 to 2 wt .-%, in particular 0.1 to 2 wt .-% based on the polyester mixture according to the invention.
• Plasticizers may be present in 0.1 to 10% by weight in the polyester mixture according to the invention.
• UV absorbers 0.1 to 1.5% by weight, more preferably 0.5 to 1.2% by weight, based on the total weight of the polymer mixture, of 2- (4,6-bis-biphenyl) are preferably used as UV absorbers.
• Production and properties of the UV absorber vi are known from WO 2009/071475. In this context, reference is explicitly made to WO 2009/071475.
• the polymer mixtures in particular the polylactic acid-containing mixtures 0 to 1 wt .-%, preferably 0.01 to 0.8 wt .-%, particularly preferably 0.05 to 0.5 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the components i to vi, an epoxy group-containing copolymer based on styrene, acrylic acid ester and / or methacrylic acid esters are added.
• the epoxy groups bearing units are preferably glycidyl (meth) acrylates. Copolymers having a glycidyl methacrylate content of greater than 20, particularly preferably greater than 30 and especially preferably greater than 50% by weight of the copolymer, have proved to be advantageous.
• the epoxy equivalent weight (EEW) in these polymers is preferably 150 to 3000, and more preferably 200 to 500 g / equivalent.
• the weight average molecular weight M w of the polymers is preferably from 2,000 to 25,000, in particular from 3,000 to 8,000.
• the number-average molecular weight M n of the polymers is preferably from 400 to 6,000, in particular from 1,000 to 4,000.
• the polydispersity (Q) is generally between 1.5 and 5.
• Epoxide group-containing copolymers of the abovementioned type are sold, for example, by BASF Resins BV under the trademark Joncryl® ADR. Joncryl® ADR 4368 is particularly suitable.
• Component v is used in particular in polyester blends containing PLA.
• a preferred embodiment is directed to biodegradable polyester blends of the following composition: i) 45 to 95 wt .-%, preferably 50 to 95 wt .-%, particularly preferably 65 to 95 wt .-% and particularly preferably 70 to 90 wt .-%, based on the components i and ii, of a polyester I. ;
• the UV absorber is 2- (4,6-bis-biphenyl-4-yl-1, 3,5-triazine-2 -yl) -5- (2-ethyl- (n) -hexyloxy) phenol.
• the feature "biodegradable in the soil" for polymer blends is fulfilled when these polymer blends according to DIN EN ISO 17556 have a percentage of biodegradation in 2 years of at least 90%.
• the ecotoxicology of the products used must be examined and the heavy metal limits adhered to (see Vicottes "ok Biodegradable soil” Certification) .
• the total aerobic biodegradation in the soil can be measured by measuring the oxygen demand in a respirometer or the amount of carbon dioxide produced - absolutely or relative to cellulose.
• biodegradability results in the polyester blends being converted into carbon dioxide in a reasonable and detectable time, Water and biomass are converted.
• Degradation can be effected enzymatically, hydrolytically, oxidatively and / or by the action of electromagnetic radiation, for example UV radiation, and is usually effected for the most part by the action of microorganisms such as bacteria, yeasts, fungi and algae.
• the biodegradability in the sense of compostability can be quantified, for example, by mixing polyesters with compost and storing them for a certain period of time.
• CO 2 -free air is allowed to flow through matured compost during composting and subjected to a defined temperature program.
• the biodegradability is determined by the ratio of the net CO 2 release of the sample (after deduction of CO 2 release by the compost without sample) to the maximum CO 2 release of the sample (calculated from the carbon content of the sample) as a percentage of biodegradation Are defined.
• Biodegradable polyesters (mixtures) generally show signs of decomposition after only a few days of composting, such as fungal growth, cracking and hole formation.
• biodegradable polyester mixtures are suitable for the production of nets and fabrics, tubular films, chill-roll films with and without orientation in a further process step, with and without metallization or SiOx coating.
• polyester mixtures defined at the outset comprising the components i) to vi) are suitable for tubular films and stretch films.
• Possible applications are here Bodenfalticillin, side seam bags, carry bags with handle hole, shrink labels or shirt carrying bags, inliners, heavy bags, freezer bags, composting bags, agricultural films (mulch films), film bags for food packaging, peelable sealing film - transparent or opaque - weldable sealing film - transparent or opaque - Sausage casing, salad foil, wrap film (stretch film) for fruit and vegetables, meat and fish, stretch wrap for wrapping pallets, foil for nets, packaging foils for snacks, chocolate and muesli bars, peelable lid foils for dairy packs (yoghurt, cream etc.), fruit and vegetables Vegetables, semi-hard packaging for smoked sausage and cheese.
• the polyester mixtures containing components i to vi) have after extrusion to single- or multi-layer hose, cast or press films a significantly higher tensile strength (according to EN ISO 6383-2: 2004) compared with mixtures without the components iii to v) , Tear propagation is a very important especially in the field of thin (tubular) films for eg bio-waste bags or thin-walled carrier bags (eg shirt carrier bags, fruit bags). In addition, it is of particular importance for mulch films in the agricultural sector.
• the polyester mixtures containing the components i to vi) are also suitable for foam applications such as, for example, for soil aeration, flower pots or containers for seedlings.
• Polyester films are used in particular for outdoor applications, such as in the construction sector and especially for agricultural products.
• Agricultural products are understood to mean mulch films, cover films, silo films, film tapes, woven fabrics, fleece fabrics, clips, textiles, threads, fishing nets, outer packaging such as heavy sacks for, for example, peat, fertilizer cement, crop protection agents, seeds or flower pots.
• the molecular weights Mn and Mw of the partially aromatic polyesters were determined in accordance with DIN 55672-1. Eluent hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) + 0.05% by weight of trifluoroacetic acid Ka salt; The calibration was carried out with narrowly distributed polymethyl methacrylate standards. The determination of the viscosity numbers was carried out according to DIN 53728 Part 3, January 3, 1985, capillary viscometry. A micro Ubbelohde viscometer, type M-II, was used. The solvent used was the mixture: phenol / o-dichlorobenzene in a weight ratio of 50/50. Describe the method of determination of the MVR (necessary information or deviations from EN ISO 1 133 (190 ° C, 2.16 kg weight).
• the tear strength was determined by an Elmendorf test according to
• EN ISO 6383-2: 2004 determined on a ProTear device on constant radius specimens (43 mm crack length). The modulus of elasticity and the elongation at break were determined by means of a tensile test on films produced in the blown film process with a thickness of about 30 ⁇ m in accordance with ISO 527-3.
• the substrate was converted into carbon dioxide, water and biomass by microbial activity.
• the test method described here allows the biodegradation of polymer samples
• the inoculum consisted of a mixture of natural soils from which coarse particles were coarsened with a 2 mm sieve.
• the water content of the inoculum was adjusted to 40-60% of the maximum water holding capacity of the soil mixture.
• the pH was between 6 and 8, especially at 7.2.
• the polymer sample (powder) was mixed directly with the inoculum (1 g of polymer per 500 g of soil) and placed in the reactor.
• the reactor contained, in addition to a vessel with Kaliumhydroxidlö- solution to absorb the resulting carbon dioxide also one with water to prevent the drying out of the soil.
• the reactor was sealed airtight and stored at 25 ° C with the exclusion of light.
• the amount of carbon dioxide produced was determined by titration. After each titration, the potassium hydroxide solution was renewed, the soil was mixed and, if necessary, moistened.
• the biodegradation could be calculated from the amount of carbon dioxide produced. For this, only the background emission (carbon dioxide production of the inoculum without polymer sample: blank sample) had to be taken into account and the organic carbon content (TOC) of the polymer sample had to be known.
• the chain extension was carried out in a Haake Kneader Rheocord 9000 with a Rheomix 600 attachment.
• the prepolyester was melted at 220 ° C. and the melt was added dropwise to 0.9% by weight, based on the polyester I, of HDI (hexamethylene diisocyanate).
• the progress of the reaction was monitored by observing the torque.
• the reaction mixture was cooled after reaching maximum torque, and the chain-extended, biodegradable polyester was removed and characterized.
• the polyester i-1 had a MVR of 1, 0 cm 3/10 min.
• i-2 polybutylene sebacate-co-terephthalate
• the prepolyester was prepared analogously to Example 1 and admixed with 0.3% by weight of HDI (hexamethylene diisocyanate).
• the polyester i-2 had a MVR of 4.6 cm 3/10 min.
• polyester ii-1 87.3 kg of dimethyl terephthalate, 80.3 kg of adipic acid, 17 kg of 1, 4-butanediol and 0.2 kg of glycerol were mixed together with 0.028 kg of tetrabutyl orthotitanate (TBOT), the molar ratio between Alcohol components and acid component was 1, 30.
• the reaction mixture was heated to a temperature of 180 ° C and reacted at this temperature for 6 hours. Subsequently, the temperature was raised to 240 ° C and the excess dihydroxy compound distilled off under vacuum over a period of 3h. Subsequently, 0.9 kg of hexamethylene diisocyanate were metered in slowly within 1 h at 240 ° C.
• polyester ii-1 had a melting temperature of 1 19 ° C and an MVR of 3.1 cnrVI Omin.
• iii- 1 "Omyafilm 764 OM” calcium carbonate from OMYA iv-1) "Microtalk IT extra” type talc from Mondo Minerals
• Example 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3a were mixed in the proportions given in Tables 1 and 2 and compounded on an extruder of Coperion ZSK40 MC with L / D 44 and 11 zones.
• the housing temperatures are between 180 and 210 ° C and melt temperature between 240 and 270 ° C.
• Components i-1, ii-1, v-1, and vi-1 were cold-fed into zone 1, iii-1 added by side feeders in zone 8 and iv-1 by side feeders in zone 5. Speed, throughput, and all other process parameters have been optimized accordingly for the compounds.
• the blown film line was equipped with a 25D long extruder with a 30mm
• Worm operated which was equipped with a smooth feed zone and a three-zone screw.
• the feed zone was cooled at a maximum throughput of about 10-15 kg / h with cold water.
• the zone temperatures were chosen so that the melt temperature was between 170 and 190 ° C.
• the nozzle temperatures were in the range of 160-180 ° C.
• the nozzle diameter was 80mm, the gap width 0.8mm.
• the blow-up ratio of 3.5: 1 resulted in a lying width of the film tube of about 440 mm.

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