WO2014017339A1 - プリプレグおよび炭素繊維強化複合材料 - Google Patents
プリプレグおよび炭素繊維強化複合材料 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014017339A1 WO2014017339A1 PCT/JP2013/069317 JP2013069317W WO2014017339A1 WO 2014017339 A1 WO2014017339 A1 WO 2014017339A1 JP 2013069317 W JP2013069317 W JP 2013069317W WO 2014017339 A1 WO2014017339 A1 WO 2014017339A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- carbon fiber
- sizing agent
- prepreg
- fibers
- particles
- Prior art date
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/55—Epoxy resins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/24—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
- C08J5/241—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using inorganic fibres
- C08J5/243—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using inorganic fibres using carbon fibres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/20—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the epoxy compounds used
- C08G59/32—Epoxy compounds containing three or more epoxy groups
- C08G59/38—Epoxy compounds containing three or more epoxy groups together with di-epoxy compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
- C08J5/06—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material using pretreated fibrous materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
- C08J5/10—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material characterised by the additives used in the polymer mixture
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/24—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
- C08J5/248—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using pre-treated fibres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/24—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
- C08J5/249—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs characterised by the additives used in the prepolymer mixture
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
- C08K7/04—Fibres or whiskers inorganic
- C08K7/06—Elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L63/00—Compositions of epoxy resins; Compositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
- D06M13/11—Compounds containing epoxy groups or precursors thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2300/00—Characterised by the use of unspecified polymers
- C08J2300/24—Thermosetting resins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2363/00—Characterised by the use of epoxy resins; Derivatives of epoxy resins
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/40—Fibres of carbon
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
- Y10T428/254—Polymeric or resinous material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31511—Of epoxy ether
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a prepreg and a carbon fiber reinforced composite material having both excellent impact resistance and conductivity, and long-term storage stability.
- Carbon fiber reinforced composite materials are useful because they are excellent in strength, rigidity, electrical conductivity, etc., and are useful for computers such as aircraft structural members, windmill blades, automobile skins, and IC trays and notebook computer housings (housings). Widely used in applications, the demand is increasing year by year.
- a carbon fiber reinforced composite material is generally a heterogeneous material formed by molding a prepreg comprising carbon fibers, which are reinforcing fibers, and a matrix resin as essential constituent elements.
- the impact resistance shown by resistance to falling weight impact is governed by the delamination strength determined by the interlaminar plate edge delamination strength, etc., so drastic improvement only by improving the strength of the reinforcing fiber
- a carbon fiber reinforced composite material using a thermosetting resin as a matrix resin reflects the low toughness of the matrix resin, and has a property of being easily broken by stress from other than the direction in which the reinforcing fibers are arranged. For this reason, various techniques have been proposed for the purpose of improving the mechanical properties of composite materials that can cope with stresses from other than the direction in which the reinforcing fibers are arranged.
- a prepreg having a resin layer in which resin particles are dispersed in the surface region of the prepreg has been proposed.
- a technique for providing a high-toughness carbon fiber reinforced composite material having good heat resistance using a prepreg provided with a resin layer in which particles made of a thermoplastic resin such as nylon are dispersed in the surface region of the prepreg has been proposed.
- Patent Document 1 a technique has been proposed in which a high degree of toughness is expressed in a carbon fiber reinforced composite material by combining a matrix resin whose toughness has been improved by addition of a polysulfone oligomer and particles made of a thermosetting resin.
- various sizing agents for carbon fibers have been proposed for the purpose of improving the adhesion and convergence of carbon fibers.
- a sizing agent a compound having a plurality of aliphatic type epoxy groups, an epoxy adduct of polyalkylene glycol, a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, a polyalkylene oxide adduct of bisphenol A, a polyalkylene oxide adduct of bisphenol A
- an epoxy group-added one has been proposed, the sizing agent composed of one kind of epoxy compound cannot be said to have sufficient adhesion and convergence of carbon fibers, and two or more kinds of epoxy compounds depending on the desired function. In recent years, a method using both has been proposed.
- Patent Document 5 discloses a combination of an aliphatic epoxy compound and an aromatic epoxy compound.
- the sizing agent that is abundant in the outer layer has a blocking effect against the atmosphere with respect to the sizing agent component that is abundant in the inner layer, and the epoxy group is prevented from opening due to moisture in the atmosphere.
- the ratio of the aliphatic epoxy compound to the aromatic epoxy compound is defined as 10/90 to 40/60, and it is preferable that the amount of the aromatic epoxy compound is larger. Has been.
- Patent Documents 7 and 8 disclose sizing agents using two or more epoxy compounds having different surface energies. Since Patent Documents 7 and 8 are intended to improve adhesiveness with a matrix resin, the combination of an aromatic epoxy compound and an aliphatic epoxy compound is not limited as a combination of two or more epoxy compounds, and adhesiveness is not limited. There is no general example of the aliphatic epoxy compound selected from the viewpoint of the above.
- Patent Document 9 Furthermore, a sizing agent is disclosed in which a bisphenol A type epoxy compound and an aliphatic polyepoxy resin are blended at a mass ratio of 50/50 to 90/10 (see Patent Document 9).
- Patent Document 9 also has a large amount of bisphenol A type epoxy compound, which is an aromatic epoxy compound.
- a sizing agent that defines a combination of an aromatic epoxy compound and an aliphatic epoxy compound, a polyfunctional aliphatic compound on the surface of the carbon fiber bundle, an epoxy resin on the upper surface, an alkylene oxide adduct and an unsaturated dibasic acid
- Patent Document 10 A combination of a condensate and an alkylene oxide adduct of phenols is disclosed (see Patent Document 10).
- a combination of an aliphatic epoxy compound and a bisphenol A type epoxy compound which is an aromatic epoxy compound is disclosed as a combination of two or more types of epoxy compounds.
- the aliphatic epoxy compound is a cycloaliphatic epoxy compound and / or a long-chain aliphatic epoxy compound (see Patent Document 11).
- the sizing layer surface layer has a function of inhibiting the reaction between the epoxy compound having high adhesion to the carbon fiber in the inner layer and the matrix resin, and the third is the matrix resin
- the sizing agent surface layer must have a chemical composition capable of strong interaction with the matrix resin.
- Patent Document 5 discloses that the sizing agent has an inclined structure in order to enhance the adhesion between the carbon fiber and the sizing agent.
- Patent Document 5 and any other documents Patent Documents 6 to 6) are disclosed.
- Patent Document 10 discloses that a polyfunctional aliphatic compound is present in the inner layer of the sizing agent, and an aromatic epoxy resin and an aromatic-based reactant having low reactivity are present in the outer layer, which are retained for a long time. In such a case, it can be expected that the change of the prepreg with time is suppressed, but since there is no polyfunctional aliphatic compound having high adhesion on the surface layer of the sizing agent, it is difficult to achieve high adhesion with the matrix resin.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above, and has excellent adhesion between carbon fibers and a matrix resin and long-term storage stability, and also has excellent impact resistance and thickness direction conductivity.
- An object is to provide a carbon fiber reinforced composite material.
- the present invention is a prepreg obtained by impregnating a sizing agent-coated carbon fiber coated with a sizing agent with a thermosetting resin composition
- the sizing agent includes:
- thermosetting resin composition includes a thermosetting resin (D), a latent curing agent (E), and at least one of the following [1] or [2]: [1] Thermoplastic resin particles or fibers (F) and conductive particles or fibers (G), [2] conductive particles or fibers (H) in which the core or core of the thermoplastic resin is coated with a conductive material,
- the carbon fiber includes the thermoplastic resin particles or fibers (F) and the conductive particles or fibers (G) in a mass ratio of 1: 1 to 1000.
- An interlayer forming layer in which (F) and (G) and / or (H) are arranged is provided on the surface of a layer made of
- the prepreg of the present invention is the above-described invention, wherein the thermosetting resin composition includes the above [1], and an interlayer in which (F) and (G) are arranged on the surface of the layer made of the carbon fiber. It has a formation layer.
- thermosetting resin composition comprises the interlayer forming layer in which the thermosetting resin composition includes the [2], and the surface of the layer made of the carbon fiber is arranged with the [2]. It is characterized by having.
- the particle diameter or fiber diameter of the conductive particles or fibers (G) is the average diameter of the particles or fibers (F) of the thermoplastic resin. It is the same as or larger than the average diameter of the fiber diameters, and the average diameter is 150 ⁇ m or less.
- the conductive particles or fibers (G) are carbon particles, particles in which the core of an inorganic material is coated with a conductive material, and the core of an organic material is a conductive material. It is at least one selected from the group consisting of coated particles, carbon fibers, fibers in which inorganic material cores are coated with a conductive substance, and organic material cores in fibers coated with a conductive substance. To do.
- the prepreg of the present invention is the prepreg according to the present invention, wherein the conductive particles or fibers (G) and the core or core of the thermoplastic resin are coated with a conductive substance.
- the volume resistivity is 10 to 10 ⁇ 9 ⁇ cm.
- thermoplastic resin particles or fibers (F), the conductive particles or fibers (G), and the core or core of the thermoplastic resin are coated with a conductive material in the above invention.
- the conductive conductive particles or fibers (H) have an average diameter of 5 to 150 ⁇ m, and the thermosetting resin composition contains the second conductive particles (I) having an average particle diameter of 1 ⁇ m or less.
- thermoplastic resin particles or fibers (F), the conductive particles or fibers (G), and the core or core of the thermoplastic resin are conductive materials. 90 to 100% by mass of the coated conductive particles or fibers (H) are characterized in that they are localized within a depth range of 20% from both sides in the thickness direction of the prepreg. To do.
- the second conductive particles (I) are 90% to 100% by mass of the second conductive particles (I) than the carbon fiber closest to both surfaces in the thickness direction of the prepreg. It is characterized by being localized inside.
- thermoplastic resin particles or fibers (F), the conductive particles or fibers (G), and the core or core of the thermoplastic resin are conductive materials.
- the total mass of the coated conductive particles or fibers (H) is 1 to 20% by mass relative to the prepreg.
- the prepreg of the present invention is the conductive particle or fiber (H) in which the conductive particle or fiber (G) and the core or core of the thermoplastic resin are coated with a conductive substance in the above invention. Is characterized by a specific gravity of 0.8 to 3.2.
- the prepreg of the present invention is the conductive particle or fiber (F) in which the conductive particle or fiber (G) and the core or core of the thermoplastic resin are coated with a conductive substance in the above invention. Is characterized by being surface-treated.
- the surface treatment is at least one treatment selected from the group consisting of a coupling treatment, an oxidation treatment, an ozone treatment, a plasma treatment, a corona treatment, and a blast treatment. It is characterized by.
- the prepreg of the present invention is characterized in that, in the above invention, the latent curing agent (E) is an aromatic amine curing agent (E1).
- the prepreg of the present invention is characterized in that, in the above invention, the aromatic amine curing agent (E1) contains a diphenylsulfone skeleton.
- the sizing agent and the aromatic amine curing agent (E1) are the same as the sizing agent and the aromatic amine curing agent (E1) in an amine equivalent / epoxy equivalent of 0. After mixing at a ratio of .9, the glass transition point rises when stored in an atmosphere of 25 ° C. and 60% RH for 20 days.
- the epoxy equivalent of the applied sizing agent is 350 to 550 g / eq. It is characterized by being.
- the sizing agent comprises at least 35 to 65% by mass of the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) and the aromatic compound (B) based on the total amount of the sizing agent excluding the solvent. It is characterized by containing 35 to 60% by mass.
- the prepreg of the present invention is characterized in that, in the above invention, the mass ratio of the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) to the aromatic epoxy compound (B1) is 52/48 to 80/20.
- the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) is a polyether type polyepoxy compound and / or a polyol type polyepoxy compound having two or more epoxy groups in the molecule.
- the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) is ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, tetra Propylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, polybutylene glycol, 1,5-pentanediol, neo Pentyl glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, glycerol, diglycerol, polyglycerol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol Lumpur and sorbitol, and one or more compound selected from arabitol, characterized in that a glycidyl
- the aromatic epoxy compound (B1) is a bisphenol A type epoxy compound or a bisphenol F type epoxy compound.
- the sizing agent contains 2 to 35% by mass of an ester compound (C) having no epoxy group in the molecule with respect to the total amount of the sizing agent excluding the solvent. It is characterized by.
- the sizing agent-coated carbon fiber is measured at a photoelectron escape angle of 55 ° by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy using 400 eV X-rays.
- the prepreg of the present invention is the above invention, wherein the sizing agent is a mixture of an aqueous emulsion liquid containing at least the aromatic epoxy compound (B1) and a composition containing at least the aliphatic epoxy compound (A). It is characterized by being.
- the carbon fiber reinforced composite material of the present invention is formed by molding the prepreg described in any one of the above.
- a carbon fiber reinforced composite material having excellent adhesion between carbon fiber and matrix resin, little change with time during long-term storage, and excellent impact resistance and thickness direction conductivity is obtained. be able to.
- FIG. 1 is an example of a cross-sectional view of a prepreg of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an example of a cross-sectional view of a prepreg according to a modification of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view when a cross section of a cured product of the prepreg of the present invention is photographed.
- the present invention is a prepreg formed by impregnating a sizing agent-coated carbon fiber coated with a sizing agent with a thermosetting resin composition, and the sizing agent includes an aliphatic epoxy compound (A) and an aromatic compound (B).
- the sizing agent-coated carbon fiber includes at least an aromatic epoxy compound (B1), and the sizing agent-coated carbon fiber has a C 1s core spectrum measured on the surface of the sizing agent coated on the carbon fiber at a photoelectron escape angle of 15 ° by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
- thermosetting resin composition comprises thermosetting resin (D), latent curing Agent E) and at least one of the following [1] or [2], [1] particles or fibers (F) of thermoplastic resin, and conductive particles or fibers (G), [2] of thermoplastic resin Conductive particles or fibers (H) whose cores or cores are coated with a conductive substance, and when the above [1] is included, the particles or fibers (F) of the thermoplastic resin and the conductive particles or fibers (G) and a layer in which (F) and (G) and / or (H) are arranged on the surface of the layer made of carbon fiber, in a mass ratio of 1: 1 to 1000 It has a
- the sizing agent used in the prepreg of the present invention contains at least an aromatic epoxy compound (B1) as the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) and the aromatic compound (B).
- such a range has excellent interfacial adhesion between the carbon fiber and the matrix, and also when the prepreg is stored for a long time even when the sizing agent-coated carbon fiber is used for the prepreg.
- the change is small and suitable for carbon fibers for composite materials.
- the carbon fiber and the epoxy compound (A) are firmly formed by the presence of a large amount of the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) inside the sizing layer (carbon fiber side).
- the epoxy compound (A) in the inner layer is obtained by interacting and enhancing the adhesiveness, and by allowing a large amount of the aromatic compound (B) including the aromatic epoxy compound (B1) to be present on the sizing layer surface layer (matrix resin side).
- the matrix resin while the sizing agent surface layer (matrix resin side) has a chemical composition capable of strong interaction with the matrix resin, the aromatic epoxy compound (B1) containing a predetermined proportion of epoxy groups and Since the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) is present at a predetermined ratio, adhesion with the matrix resin is also improved.
- the sizing agent consists only of the aromatic epoxy compound (B1) and does not contain the aliphatic epoxy compound (A)
- the reactivity between the sizing agent and the matrix resin is low, and the mechanical properties change when the prepreg is stored for a long time Has the advantage of being small.
- a rigid interface layer can be formed.
- the aromatic epoxy compound (B1) is slightly inferior in adhesion between the carbon fiber and the matrix resin as compared with the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) because of the rigidity of the compound. .
- the sizing agent is composed only of the aliphatic epoxy compound (A)
- the carbon fiber coated with the sizing agent has high adhesion to the matrix resin.
- the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) is derived from a flexible skeleton and a structure having a high degree of freedom, and the functional group of the carboxyl group and hydroxyl group on the surface of the carbon fiber and the aliphatic epoxy compound are strongly interacting with each other. It is considered possible to form an action.
- the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) exhibits high adhesiveness due to the interaction with the carbon fiber surface, while having high reactivity with the compound having a functional group represented by the curing agent in the matrix resin, When stored for a long time in this state, it has been confirmed that the structure of the interface layer changes due to the interaction between the matrix resin and the sizing agent, and the mechanical properties of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material obtained from the prepreg deteriorate. .
- the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) and the aromatic compound (B) are mixed, the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) having higher polarity is unevenly distributed on the carbon fiber side, and the sizing on the opposite side to the carbon fiber is performed. There is a phenomenon that the aromatic compound (B) having a low polarity tends to be unevenly distributed in the outermost layer of the layer. As a result of the gradient structure of the sizing layer, the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) has a strong interaction with the carbon fiber in the vicinity of the carbon fiber, thereby enhancing the adhesion between the carbon fiber and the matrix resin.
- the aromatic compound (B) present in a large amount in the outer layer plays a role of blocking the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) from the matrix resin.
- the reaction between the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) and the highly reactive component in the matrix resin is suppressed, so that stability during long-term storage is exhibited.
- the aromatic compound (B) When the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) is almost completely covered with the aromatic compound (B), the interaction between the sizing agent and the matrix resin is reduced and the adhesiveness is lowered.
- the abundance ratio of the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) and the aromatic compound (B) is important.
- the sizing agent according to the present invention preferably contains 35 to 65% by mass of the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) and 35 to 60% by mass of the aromatic compound (B) based on the total amount of the sizing agent excluding the solvent.
- the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) in an amount of 35% by mass or more based on the total amount of the sizing agent excluding the solvent, the adhesion between the carbon fiber and the matrix resin is improved.
- it is set to 65% by mass or less even when the prepreg is stored for a long period of time, the mechanical properties when molded into a carbon fiber reinforced composite material are improved.
- the compounding quantity of an aliphatic epoxy compound (A) 38 mass% or more is more preferable, and 40 mass% or more is further more preferable. Moreover, 60 mass% or less is more preferable, and, as for the compounding quantity of an aliphatic epoxy compound (A), 55 mass% or less is further more preferable.
- the composition of the aromatic compound (B) in the outer layer of the sizing agent is blended by adding 35% by mass or more of the aromatic compound (B) to the total amount of the sizing agent excluding the solvent. Since it can maintain high, the mechanical characteristic fall by reaction with the highly reactive aliphatic epoxy compound (A) at the time of long-term storage of a prepreg and the reactive compound in a matrix resin is suppressed. Moreover, the gradient structure in a sizing agent can be expressed by setting it as 60 mass% or less, and the adhesiveness of carbon fiber and matrix resin can be maintained. 37 mass% or more is more preferable, and, as for the compounding quantity of an aromatic compound (B), 39 mass% or more is further more preferable. Moreover, 55 mass% or less is more preferable, and, as for the compounding quantity of an aromatic compound (B), 45 mass% or less is further more preferable.
- the sizing agent in the present invention includes, as an epoxy component, an aromatic epoxy compound (B1) that is an aromatic compound (B) in addition to the aliphatic epoxy compound (A).
- the mass ratio (A) / (B1) between the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) and the aromatic epoxy compound (B1) is preferably 52/48 to 80/20.
- the mass ratio of (A) / (B1) is more preferably 55/45 or more, and still more preferably 60/40 or more. Further, the mass ratio of (A) / (B1) is more preferably 75/35 or less, and further preferably 73/37 or less.
- the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) in the present invention is an epoxy compound that does not contain an aromatic ring. Since it has a flexible skeleton with a high degree of freedom, it can have a strong interaction with carbon fibers. As a result, the adhesion between the carbon fiber coated with the sizing agent and the matrix resin is improved.
- the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) has one or more epoxy groups in the molecule.
- the number of epoxy groups in the molecule is preferably 2 or more, and more preferably 3 or more. If the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) is an epoxy compound having two or more epoxy groups in the molecule, even if one epoxy group forms a covalent bond with an oxygen-containing functional group on the surface of the carbon fiber, the remaining The epoxy group can form a covalent bond or a hydrogen bond with the matrix resin, and the adhesion between the carbon fiber and the matrix resin can be further improved. There is no particular upper limit on the number of epoxy groups, but 10 is sufficient from the viewpoint of adhesion.
- the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) is preferably an epoxy compound having 3 or more functional groups of 2 or more, more preferably an epoxy compound having 4 or more of 2 or more functional groups.
- the functional group possessed by the epoxy compound is preferably selected from a hydroxyl group, an amide group, an imide group, a urethane group, a urea group, a sulfonyl group, or a sulfo group in addition to the epoxy group.
- the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) is an epoxy compound having three or more epoxy groups or other functional groups in the molecule, one epoxy group forms a covalent bond with an oxygen-containing functional group on the surface of the carbon fiber.
- the remaining two or more epoxy groups or other functional groups can form a covalent bond or a hydrogen bond with the matrix resin, and the adhesion between the carbon fiber and the matrix resin is further improved.
- the epoxy equivalent of the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) is 360 g / eq. Is preferably less than 270 g / eq. Less, more preferably 180 g / eq. Is less than.
- the epoxy equivalent of the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) is 360 g / eq. If it is less than this, the interaction with the carbon fiber is formed at a high density, and the adhesion between the carbon fiber and the matrix resin is further improved.
- aliphatic epoxy compound (A) examples include, for example, a glycidyl ether type epoxy compound derived from a polyol, a glycidyl amine type epoxy compound derived from an amine having a plurality of active hydrogens, and a polycarboxylic acid.
- examples thereof include an induced glycidyl ester type epoxy compound and an epoxy compound obtained by oxidizing a compound having a plurality of double bonds in the molecule.
- the glycidyl ether type epoxy compound examples include a glycidyl ether type epoxy compound obtained by a reaction between a polyol and epichlorohydrin.
- a glycidyl ether type epoxy compound ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, tetrapropylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, 1, 2 -Butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, polybutylene glycol, 1,5-pentanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,4 -Cyclohexanedimethanol, hydrogenated bisphenol A, hydrogenated bisphenol F, glycerol, digly
- Examples of the glycidylamine type epoxy compound include 1,3-bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane.
- Examples of the glycidyl ester type epoxy compound include a glycidyl ester type epoxy compound obtained by reacting dimer acid with epichlorohydrin.
- Examples of the epoxy compound obtained by oxidizing a compound having a plurality of double bonds in the molecule include an epoxy compound having an epoxycyclohexane ring in the molecule. Furthermore, the epoxy compound includes epoxidized soybean oil. Examples of the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) used in the present invention include epoxy compounds such as triglycidyl isocyanurate in addition to these epoxy compounds.
- the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) is selected from one or more epoxy groups and a hydroxyl group, an amide group, an imide group, a urethane group, a urea group, a sulfonyl group, a carboxyl group, an ester group, and a sulfo group. It preferably has at least one functional group.
- Specific examples of the functional group possessed by the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) include, for example, a compound having an epoxy group and a hydroxyl group, a compound having an epoxy group and an amide group, a compound having an epoxy group and an imide group, and an epoxy group and a urethane group.
- Examples of the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) having a hydroxyl group in addition to the epoxy group include sorbitol-type polyglycidyl ether and glycerol-type polyglycidyl ether.
- sorbitol-type polyglycidyl ether examples include sorbitol-type polyglycidyl ether and glycerol-type polyglycidyl ether.
- Denacol registered trademark
- EX-611, EX -612, EX-614, EX-614B, EX-622, EX-512, EX-521, EX-421, EX-313, EX-314 and EX-321 manufactured by Nagase ChemteX Corporation
- Examples of the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) having an amide group in addition to the epoxy group include an amide-modified epoxy compound.
- the amide-modified epoxy compound can be obtained by reacting an epoxy group of an epoxy compound having two or more epoxy groups with a carboxyl group of an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid amide.
- Examples of the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) having a urethane group in addition to the epoxy group include a urethane-modified epoxy compound.
- Adeka Resin registered trademark
- EPU-78-13S, EPU-6, EPU- 11, EPU-15, EPU-16A, EPU-16N, EPU-17T-6, EPU-1348 and EPU-1395 manufactured by ADEKA Corporation.
- ADEKA Corporation Adeka Resin (registered trademark) EPU-78-13S, EPU-6, EPU- 11, EPU-15, EPU-16A, EPU-16N, EPU-17T-6, EPU-1348 and EPU-1395 (manufactured by ADEKA Corporation).
- ADEKA Corporation Adeka Resin (registered trademark) EPU-78-13S, EPU-6, EPU- 11, EPU-15, EPU-16A, EPU-16N, EPU-17T-6, EPU-1348 and EPU-1395 (manufactured by ADEKA Corporation).
- ADEKA Corporation Ad
- Examples of the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) having a urea group in addition to the epoxy group include a urea-modified epoxy compound.
- the urea-modified epoxy compound can be obtained by reacting the epoxy group of an epoxy compound having two or more epoxy groups with the carboxyl group of the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid urea.
- the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) used in the present invention is ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, from the viewpoint of high adhesiveness as described above.
- Tetrapropylene glycol polypropylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, polybutylene glycol, 1,5-pentanediol, Neopentyl glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, glycerol, diglycerol, polyglycerol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, and arabito
- Le glycidyl ether type epoxy compound obtained by reaction of epichlorohydrin is more preferable.
- the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) in the present invention is preferably a polyether type polyepoxy compound and / or a polyol type polyepoxy compound having two or more epoxy groups in the molecule from the viewpoint of high adhesiveness.
- the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) is more preferably polyglycerol polyglycidyl ether.
- the aromatic compound (B) has one or more aromatic rings in the molecule.
- the aromatic ring may be an aromatic ring hydrocarbon consisting only of carbon, or a heteroaromatic ring such as furan, thiophene, pyrrole or imidazole containing a heteroatom such as nitrogen or oxygen.
- the aromatic ring may be a polycyclic aromatic ring such as naphthalene or anthracene.
- a so-called interface layer in the vicinity of the carbon fiber is affected by the carbon fiber or the sizing agent and may have different characteristics from the matrix resin. .
- the sizing agent contains the aromatic compound (B) having one or more aromatic rings, a rigid interface layer is formed, the stress transmission ability between the carbon fiber and the matrix resin is improved, and the carbon fiber reinforced composite material Mechanical properties such as 0 ° tensile strength are improved. Moreover, since the interaction with the carbon fiber is weaker than the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) due to the hydrophobicity of the aromatic ring, the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) is more on the carbon fiber side due to the interaction with the carbon fiber. As a result, a large amount of the aromatic compound (B) is present in the outer layer of the sizing layer.
- the aromatic compound (B) localized in the outer layer of the sizing layer suppresses the reaction between the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) and the matrix resin
- the carbon fiber coated with the sizing agent according to the present invention is used for the prepreg.
- the change with time when stored for a long time can be suppressed, which is preferable.
- a compound having two or more aromatic rings as the aromatic compound (B)
- long-term storage stability when used as a prepreg can be further improved.
- the aromatic compound (B) can have one or more functional groups in the molecule. Moreover, the aromatic compound (B) may be one kind or a combination of a plurality of compounds.
- the aromatic compound (B) contains at least an aromatic epoxy compound (B1) having one or more epoxy groups and one or more aromatic rings in the molecule.
- the functional group other than the epoxy group is preferably selected from a hydroxyl group, an amide group, an imide group, a urethane group, a urea group, a sulfonyl group, a carboxyl group, an ester group or a sulfo group, and two or more functional groups in one molecule. May be included.
- an aromatic ester compound and an aromatic urethane compound are preferably used in order to improve the stability and high-order processability of the compound.
- the number of epoxy groups of the aromatic epoxy compound (B1) is preferably 2 or more, and more preferably 3 or more. Moreover, it is preferable that it is 10 or less.
- the aromatic epoxy compound (B1) is preferably an epoxy compound having three or more functional groups, and more preferably an epoxy compound having four or more functional groups.
- the functional group possessed by the aromatic epoxy compound (B1) is preferably selected from a hydroxyl group, an amide group, an imide group, a urethane group, a urea group, a sulfonyl group, or a sulfo group in addition to the epoxy group.
- the aromatic epoxy compound (B1) is an epoxy compound having three or more epoxy groups or one epoxy group and two or more other functional groups in the molecule, one epoxy group is bonded to the carbon fiber surface.
- the epoxy equivalent of the aromatic epoxy compound (B1) is 360 g / eq. Is preferably less than 270 g / eq. Less, more preferably 180 g / eq. Is less than.
- the epoxy equivalent of the aromatic epoxy compound (B1) is 360 g / eq. If it is less than that, covalent bonds are formed at a high density, and the adhesion between the carbon fibers and the matrix resin is further improved.
- aromatic epoxy compound (B1) examples include, for example, a glycidyl ether type epoxy compound derived from an aromatic polyol, a glycidyl amine type epoxy compound derived from an aromatic amine having a plurality of active hydrogens, Examples thereof include glycidyl ester type epoxy compounds derived from aromatic polycarboxylic acids, and epoxy compounds obtained by oxidizing aromatic compounds having a plurality of double bonds in the molecule.
- Examples of the glycidyl ether type epoxy compound include bisphenol A, bisphenol F, bisphenol AD, bisphenol S, tetrabromobisphenol A, phenol novolac, cresol novolac, hydroquinone, resorcinol, 4,4′-dihydroxy-3,3 ′, 5. , 5'-tetramethylbiphenyl, 1,6-dihydroxynaphthalene, 9,9-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) fluorene, tris (p-hydroxyphenyl) methane, and tetrakis (p-hydroxyphenyl) ethane
- the glycidyl ether type epoxy compound obtained by reaction with 1 type and epichlorohydrin is mentioned.
- Examples of the glycidyl ether type epoxy compound include a glycidyl ether type epoxy compound having a biphenylaralkyl skeleton.
- Examples of the glycidylamine type epoxy compound include N, N-diglycidylaniline, N, N-diglycidyl-o-toluidine, m-xylylenediamine, m-phenylenediamine, 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane and 9 , 9-bis (4-aminophenyl) fluorene, and a glycidyl ether type epoxy compound obtained by reaction with epichlorohydrin.
- both the hydroxyl group and amino group of aminophenols of m-aminophenol, p-aminophenol, and 4-amino-3-methylphenol are reacted with epichlorohydrin. And an epoxy compound obtained.
- glycidyl ester type epoxy compound examples include glycidyl ester type epoxy compounds obtained by reacting phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, and hexahydrophthalic acid with epichlorohydrin.
- the aromatic epoxy compound (B1) used in the present invention is an epoxy compound synthesized from the above-mentioned epoxy compound, for example, oxazolidone from bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and tolylene diisocyanate.
- An epoxy compound synthesized by a ring formation reaction is exemplified.
- the aromatic epoxy compound (B1) is selected from a hydroxyl group, an amide group, an imide group, a urethane group, a urea group, a sulfonyl group, a carboxyl group, an ester group, and a sulfo group in addition to one or more epoxy groups.
- At least one functional group is preferably used.
- compounds having epoxy group and hydroxyl group, compounds having epoxy group and amide group, compounds having epoxy group and imide group, compounds having epoxy group and urethane group, compounds having epoxy group and urea group, epoxy group and sulfonyl examples thereof include compounds having a group and compounds having an epoxy group and a sulfo group.
- Examples of the aromatic epoxy compound (B1) having an amide group in addition to the epoxy group include glycidyl benzamide and an amide-modified epoxy compound.
- the amide-modified epoxy compound can be obtained by reacting an epoxy group of an epoxy compound having two or more epoxy groups with a carboxyl group of a dicarboxylic acid amide containing an aromatic ring.
- aromatic epoxy compound (B1) having an imide group in addition to the epoxy group examples include glycidyl phthalimide. Specific examples include Denacol (registered trademark) EX-731 (manufactured by Nagase ChemteX Corporation).
- the aromatic epoxy compound (B1) having a urethane group in addition to the epoxy group the terminal hydroxyl group of the polyethylene oxide monoalkyl ether is reacted with a polyvalent isocyanate containing an aromatic ring equivalent to the amount of the hydroxyl group, and then obtained. It can obtain by making the isocyanate residue of the obtained reaction product react with the hydroxyl group in a polyhydric epoxy compound.
- examples of the polyvalent isocyanate used include 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate, metaphenylene diisocyanate, paraphenylene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, triphenylmethane triisocyanate, and biphenyl-2,4,4′-triisocyanate. It is done.
- Examples of the aromatic epoxy compound (B1) having a urea group in addition to the epoxy group include a urea-modified epoxy compound.
- the urea-modified epoxy compound can be obtained by reacting the epoxy group of an epoxy compound containing an aromatic ring having two or more epoxy groups with the carboxyl group of the dicarboxylic acid urea.
- Examples of the aromatic epoxy compound (B1) having a sulfonyl group in addition to the epoxy group include bisphenol S-type epoxy.
- Examples of the aromatic epoxy compound (B1) having a sulfo group in addition to the epoxy group include glycidyl p-toluenesulfonate and glycidyl 3-nitrobenzenesulfonate.
- the aromatic epoxy compound (B1) is preferably either a phenol novolac type epoxy compound, a cresol novolac type epoxy compound, or tetraglycidyl diaminodiphenylmethane. These epoxy compounds have a large number of epoxy groups, a small epoxy equivalent, and have two or more aromatic rings. In addition to improving adhesion between carbon fibers and matrix resins, carbon fiber reinforced composites Improve mechanical properties such as 0 ° tensile strength of the material.
- the aromatic epoxy compound (B1) is more preferably a phenol novolac epoxy compound and a cresol novolac epoxy compound.
- the aromatic epoxy compound (B1) is a phenol novolac type epoxy compound, a cresol novolac type epoxy compound, tetraglycidyl diaminodiphenylmethane, a bisphenol A type epoxy compound or a bisphenol F type epoxy compound. From the viewpoint of the stability of the resin and the adhesion between the carbon fiber and the matrix resin, a bisphenol A type epoxy compound or a bisphenol F type epoxy compound is more preferable.
- the sizing agent used in the present invention may contain one or more components other than the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) and the aromatic epoxy compound (B1) which is the aromatic compound (B).
- Adhesion promoting component that enhances adhesion between carbon fiber and sizing agent, and sizing agent-coated carbon fiber is blended with a material that imparts convergence or flexibility to improve handling, scratch resistance and fluff resistance, and matrix
- the impregnation property of the resin can be improved.
- compounds other than (A) and (B1) can be contained for the purpose of improving long-term storage stability in a prepreg.
- auxiliary components such as a dispersant and a surfactant may be added.
- an ester compound (C) having no epoxy group in the molecule can be added to the sizing agent used in the present invention.
- the ester compound (C) can be blended in an amount of 2 to 35% by mass based on the total amount of the sizing agent excluding the solvent. More preferably, it is 15 to 30% by mass.
- the ester compound (C) may be an aliphatic ester compound having no aromatic ring, or may be an aromatic ester compound having one or more aromatic rings in the molecule.
- the aromatic ester compound (C1) is included in the ester compound (C) having no epoxy compound in the molecule. In the present invention, it is included in the aromatic compound (B). In this case, not all of the aromatic compound (B) becomes the aromatic ester compound (C1), and the aromatic compound (B) is composed of the aromatic epoxy compound (B1) and the aromatic ester compound (C1). Consists of.
- the aromatic ester compound (C1) When the aromatic ester compound (C1) is used as the ester compound (C), the handleability of the sizing agent-coated carbon fiber is improved, and at the same time, the aromatic ester compound (C1) has a weak interaction with the carbon fiber. It exists in the outer layer of the resin, and the effect of suppressing the deterioration of mechanical properties during long-term storage of the prepreg is enhanced.
- the aromatic ester compound (C1) has a functional group other than an epoxy group, such as a hydroxyl group, an amide group, an imide group, a urethane group, a urea group, a sulfonyl group, a carboxyl group, and a sulfo group. You may have.
- an ester compound composed of a condensate of an alkylene oxide adduct of bisphenols and an unsaturated dibasic acid is preferably used.
- the unsaturated dibasic acid includes an acid anhydride lower alkyl ester, and fumaric acid, maleic acid, citraconic acid, itaconic acid and the like are preferably used.
- the alkylene oxide adducts of bisphenols ethylene oxide adducts, propylene oxide adducts, butylene oxide adducts of bisphenol are preferably used.
- the condensates a condensate of fumaric acid or maleic acid and bisphenol A ethylene oxide or / and propylene oxide adduct is preferably used.
- the addition method of the alkylene oxide to bisphenols is not limited, A well-known method can be used. If necessary, a saturated dibasic acid or a small amount of a monobasic acid can be added to the unsaturated dibasic acid as long as the properties such as adhesiveness are not impaired. Further, ordinary glycols, polyether glycols and small amounts of polyhydric alcohols and monohydric alcohols can be added to the alkylene oxide adducts of bisphenols as long as the properties such as adhesiveness are not impaired. A known method can be used as the condensation method of the alkylene oxide adduct of bisphenol and the unsaturated dibasic acid.
- the sizing agent according to the present invention is a tertiary amine compound and / or tertiary amine salt, cation that is a component that promotes adhesion for the purpose of enhancing the adhesion between the carbon fiber and the epoxy compound in the sizing agent component.
- At least one compound selected from a quaternary ammonium salt having a moiety, a quaternary phosphonium salt, and / or a phosphine compound can be blended.
- the sizing agent according to the invention is preferably blended in an amount of 0.1 to 25% by mass with respect to the total amount of the sizing agent excluding the solvent. 2-8% by mass is more preferred.
- a sizing agent using at least one compound selected from phosphine compounds is further improved in adhesion to the carbon fiber when the sizing agent is applied to the carbon fiber and heat-treated under specific conditions.
- the mechanism is not certain, first, after the compound acts on oxygen-containing functional groups such as carboxyl groups and hydroxyl groups of the carbon fiber used in the present invention, the hydrogen ions contained in these functional groups are extracted and anionized.
- the anionized functional group and the epoxy group contained in the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) or aromatic epoxy compound (B1) component are considered to undergo a nucleophilic reaction. Thereby, it is presumed that a strong bond between the carbon fiber used in the present invention and the epoxy group in the sizing agent is formed, and the adhesiveness is improved.
- adhesion promoting component examples include N-benzylimidazole, 1,8-diazabicyclo [5,4,0] -7-undecene (DBU) and salts thereof, or 1,5-diazabicyclo [4, 3,0] -5-nonene (DBN) and salts thereof are preferred, and 1,8-diazabicyclo [5,4,0] -7-undecene (DBU) and salts thereof, or 1,5- Diazabicyclo [4,3,0] -5-nonene (DBN) and its salts are preferred.
- DBU 1,8-diazabicyclo [5,4,0] -7-undecene
- DBU 1,8-diazabicyclo [5,4,0] -7-undecene
- DBU 1,5- Diazabicyclo [4,3,0] -5-nonene
- DBU salt examples include DBU phenol salt (U-CAT SA1, manufactured by San Apro Co., Ltd.), DBU octylate (U-CAT SA102, manufactured by San Apro Co., Ltd.), DBU p -Toluenesulfonate (U-CAT SA506, manufactured by San Apro), DBU formate (U-CAT SA603, manufactured by San Apro), DBU orthophthalate (U-CAT SA810), and DBU Phenol novolac resin salts (U-CAT SA810, SA831, SA841, SA851, 881, manufactured by San Apro Co., Ltd.) and the like.
- DBU phenol salt U-CAT SA1, manufactured by San Apro Co., Ltd.
- DBU octylate U-CAT SA102, manufactured by San Apro Co., Ltd.
- DBU p -Toluenesulfonate U-CAT SA506, manufactured by San Apro
- DBU formate U-CAT SA603, manufactured by San Apro
- tributylamine or N, N-dimethylbenzylamine, diisopropylethylamine, triisopropylamine, dibutylethanolamine, diethylethanolamine, triisopropanolamine, triethanolamine, N, N-diisopropylethylamine is preferable, and triisopropylamine, dibutylethanolamine, diethylethanolamine, triisopropanolamine, and diisopropylethylamine are particularly preferable.
- additives such as surfactants include polyalkylene oxides such as polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide, higher alcohols, polyhydric alcohols, alkylphenols, and polyalkylenes such as polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide in styrenated phenols.
- Nonionic surfactants such as compounds added with oxides and block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide are preferably used.
- you may add a polyester resin, an unsaturated polyester compound, etc. suitably in the range which does not affect the effect of this invention.
- Examples of the carbon fiber used in the present invention include polyacrylonitrile (PAN) -based, rayon-based, and pitch-based carbon fibers. Of these, PAN-based carbon fibers having an excellent balance between strength and elastic modulus are preferably used.
- PAN polyacrylonitrile
- the strand strength of the obtained carbon fiber bundle is preferably 3.5 GPa or more, more preferably 4 GPa or more, and further preferably 5 GPa or more.
- the strand elastic modulus of the obtained carbon fiber bundle is 220 GPa or more, More preferably, it is 240 GPa or more, More preferably, it is 280 GPa or more.
- the strand tensile strength and elastic modulus of the carbon fiber bundle can be determined according to the following procedure in accordance with the resin impregnated strand test method of JIS-R-7608 (2004).
- normal pressure, 130 ° C., and 30 minutes are used.
- Ten strands of the carbon fiber bundle were measured, and the average value was defined as the strand tensile strength and the strand elastic modulus.
- the carbon fiber used in the present invention preferably has a surface roughness (Ra) of 6.0 to 100 nm. More preferably, it is 15 to 80 nm, and 30 to 60 nm is suitable. Carbon fibers with a surface roughness (Ra) of 6.0 to 60 nm have highly active edge portions on the surface, which improves the reactivity with the epoxy groups of the sizing agent described above and improves interfacial adhesion. This is preferable. Carbon fibers having a surface roughness (Ra) of 6.0 to 100 nm have irregularities on the surface, so that the interfacial adhesion can be improved by the anchor effect of the sizing agent.
- Ra surface roughness
- a wet spinning method is preferably used as a spinning method described later.
- the surface roughness (Ra) of the carbon fiber is determined depending on the type of coagulation liquid in the spinning process (for example, an aqueous solution of an organic solvent such as dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, an inorganic compound such as zinc chloride or sodium thiocyanate). It can also be controlled by combining the aqueous solution) and the concentration and coagulating liquid temperature, the take-up speed and drawing ratio of the coagulated yarn, and further the drawing ratios in the respective flameproofing, pre-carbonization and carbonization processes. Further, by combining the electrolytic treatment, the surface roughness (Ra) of the predetermined carbon fiber can be controlled.
- the surface roughness (Ra) of the carbon fiber can be measured by using an atomic force microscope (AFM).
- AFM atomic force microscope
- a carbon fiber cut to several millimeters in length is prepared, fixed on a substrate (silicon wafer) using a silver paste, and 3 atomic fibers at the center of each single fiber by an atomic force microscope (AFM). What is necessary is just to observe the image of a three-dimensional surface shape.
- atomic force microscope a Dimension 3000 stage system or the like can be used in NanoScope IIIa manufactured by Digital Instruments and can be observed under the following observation conditions.
- an image obtained by observing one single fiber from one point at a time approximates the roundness of the fiber cross section with a cubic surface, and the average roughness (Ra) for the entire image obtained. It is preferable to calculate the average roughness (Ra) and evaluate the average value for five single fibers.
- the total fineness of the carbon fiber is preferably 400 to 3000 tex.
- the number of carbon fiber filaments is preferably 1000 to 100,000, and more preferably 3000 to 50,000.
- the single fiber diameter of the carbon fiber is preferably 4.5 to 7.5 ⁇ m. Since it is 7.5 micrometers or less, since a carbon fiber with high intensity
- the carbon fiber has a surface oxygen concentration (O / C), which is a ratio of the number of atoms of oxygen (O) and carbon (C) on the fiber surface measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Those within the range of 05 to 0.50 are preferred, more preferably within the range of 0.06 to 0.30, and even more preferably within the range of 0.07 to 0.25.
- O / C surface oxygen concentration
- the surface oxygen concentration (O / C) is 0.50 or more, an oxygen-containing functional group on the surface of the carbon fiber can be secured and strong adhesion with the matrix resin can be obtained.
- the surface oxygen concentration (O / C) is 0.50 or less, a decrease in strength of the carbon fiber itself due to oxidation can be suppressed.
- the surface oxygen concentration of the carbon fiber is determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy according to the following procedure. First, carbon fibers from which dirt and the like adhering to the carbon fiber surface were removed with a solvent were cut into 20 mm, spread and arranged on a copper sample support base, and then AlK ⁇ 1 and 2 were used as X-ray sources. The inside of the chamber was kept at 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 8 Torr, and measurement was performed at a photoelectron escape angle of 90 °. As a correction value for the peak accompanying charging during measurement, the binding energy value of the C 1s main peak (peak top) is adjusted to 284.6 eV.
- the C 1s peak area is obtained by drawing a straight base line in the range of 282 to 296 eV
- the O 1s peak area is obtained by drawing a straight base line in the range of 528 to 540 eV.
- the surface oxygen concentration (O / C) is represented by an atomic ratio calculated by dividing the ratio of the O 1s peak area by the sensitivity correction value unique to the apparatus.
- ESCA-1600 manufactured by ULVAC-PHI Co., Ltd. is used as the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy apparatus, the sensitivity correction value unique to the apparatus is 2.33.
- the carbon fiber used in the present invention has a carboxyl group concentration on the surface of the carbon fiber represented by a ratio of the number of carbon groups (COOH) and carbon (C) on the surface of the carbon fiber as measured by chemical modification X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
- (COOH / C) is preferably in the range of 0.003 to 0.015.
- a more preferable range of the carboxyl group concentration (COOH / C) on the carbon fiber surface is 0.004 to 0.010.
- the carbon fiber used in the present invention has a surface hydroxyl group concentration (COH / C) expressed by the ratio of the number of hydroxyl groups (OH) and carbon (C) on the surface of the carbon fiber measured by chemical modification X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. ) Is preferably in the range of 0.001 to 0.050.
- the surface hydroxyl group concentration (COH / C) on the carbon fiber surface is more preferably in the range of 0.010 to 0.040.
- the carboxyl group concentration (COOH / C) and hydroxyl group concentration (COH / C) on the carbon fiber surface are determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy according to the following procedure.
- the surface hydroxyl group concentration COH / C is determined by chemical modification X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy according to the following procedure.
- carbon fiber bundles from which a sizing agent or the like has been removed with a solvent are cut, spread and arranged on a platinum sample support, and placed in a dry nitrogen gas containing 0.04 mol / L of anhydrous trifluoride acetic acid gas at room temperature.
- a dry nitrogen gas containing 0.04 mol / L of anhydrous trifluoride acetic acid gas at room temperature.
- the binding energy value of the main peak of C 1s is adjusted to 284.6 eV.
- the C 1s peak area [C 1s ] is obtained by drawing a straight base line in the range of 282 to 296 eV
- the F 1s peak area [F 1s ] is obtained by drawing a straight base line in the range of 682 to 695 eV. Desired.
- reaction rate r is calculated
- the surface hydroxyl group concentration (COH / C) is represented by a value calculated by the following equation.
- COH / C ⁇ [F 1s ] / (3k [C 1s ] ⁇ 2 [F 1s ]) r ⁇ ⁇ 100 (%)
- k is a sensitivity correction value of the F 1s peak area with respect to the C 1s peak area unique to the apparatus, and when the model SSX-100-206 manufactured by SSI of the United States is used, the sensitivity correction value specific to the apparatus is 3.919. .
- the surface carboxyl group concentration COOH / C is determined by chemical modification X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy according to the following procedure. First, carbon fiber bundles from which the sizing agent and the like have been removed with a solvent are cut and spread and arranged on a platinum sample support, and 0.02 mol / L trifluorinated ethanol gas and 0.001 mol / L dicyclohexylcarbodiimide gas. And a chemical modification treatment in an air containing 0.04 mol / L pyridine gas at 60 ° C.
- the binding energy value of the main peak of C 1s is adjusted to 284.6 eV.
- the C 1s peak area [C 1s ] is obtained by drawing a straight base line in the range of 282 to 296 eV, and the F 1s peak area [F 1s ] is obtained by drawing a straight base line in the range of 682 to 695 eV. Desired.
- reaction rate r is determined from the C 1s peak splitting of the polyacrylic acid chemically modified, and the residual rate m of the dicyclohexylcarbodiimide derivative is determined from the O 1s peak splitting.
- the surface carboxyl group concentration COOH / C was represented by the value calculated by the following formula.
- the carbon fibers used in the present invention it is preferred polar component of the surface free energy is of 8 mJ / m 2 or more 50 mJ / m 2 or less. Since the polar component of the surface free energy is 8 mJ / m 2 or more, the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) is closer to the carbon fiber surface, so that the adhesion is improved and the sizing layer is unevenly distributed. . When the polar component of the surface free energy is 50 mJ / m 2 or less, the convergence property between the carbon fibers is increased, so that the impregnation property with the matrix resin is improved. When used as a carbon fiber reinforced composite material Applications are widespread and preferable.
- Polar component of the surface free energy of the surface of the carbon fibers is more preferably 15 mJ / m 2 or more 45 mJ / m 2 or less, and most preferably 25 mJ / m 2 or more 40 mJ / m 2 or less.
- the polar component of the surface free energy of the carbon fiber was calculated using an Owens approximation formula based on the contact angles measured by the Wilhelmi method in each liquid of water, ethylene glycol, and tricresole phosphate. Polar component of surface free energy.
- the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) used in the present invention only needs to have a surface free energy polar component of 9 mJ / m 2 or more and 50 mJ / m 2 or less.
- the aromatic epoxy compound (B1) is a polar component of surface free energy 0 mJ / m 2 or more, as long as it is less than 9 mJ / m 2.
- the polar component of the surface free energy of the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) and the aromatic epoxy compound (B1) is obtained by immersing the carbon fiber bundle in a solution composed only of the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) or the aromatic epoxy compound (B1). After being pulled up and dried at 120 to 150 ° C.
- the polar component E CF of the surface free energy of the carbon fiber and the polar components E A and E B1 of the surface free energy of the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) and the aromatic epoxy compound (B1) are E CF ⁇ E A > It is preferable to satisfy E B1 .
- spinning methods such as wet, dry, and dry-wet can be used. From the viewpoint of easily obtaining high-strength carbon fibers, it is preferable to use a wet or dry wet spinning method.
- a carbon fiber having a surface roughness (Ra) of 6.0 to 100 nm is preferable.
- a wet spinning method is used.
- the precursor fiber is spun by.
- a solution obtained by dissolving a polyacrylonitrile homopolymer or copolymer in a solvent can be used.
- a solvent an organic solvent such as dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, or dimethylacetamide, or an aqueous solution of an inorganic compound such as nitric acid, sodium rhodanate, zinc chloride, or sodium thiocyanate is used.
- Dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethylacetamide are suitable as the solvent.
- the above spinning solution is spun through a die, spun in a spinning bath or in the air, and then coagulated in the spinning bath.
- an aqueous solution of a solvent used as a solvent for the spinning dope can be used. It is preferable to use a spinning solution containing the same solvent as the spinning solution, and a dimethyl sulfoxide aqueous solution and a dimethylacetamide aqueous solution are preferable.
- the fiber solidified in the spinning bath is washed with water and drawn to obtain a precursor fiber.
- the obtained precursor fiber is subjected to flameproofing treatment and carbonization treatment, and if necessary, further subjected to graphitization treatment to obtain carbon fiber.
- the maximum heat treatment temperature is preferably 1100 ° C. or higher, more preferably 1400 to 3000 ° C.
- the obtained carbon fiber is usually subjected to an oxidation treatment in order to improve the adhesiveness with the matrix resin, whereby oxygen-containing functional groups are introduced.
- an oxidation treatment method vapor phase oxidation, liquid phase oxidation, and liquid phase electrolytic oxidation are used. From the viewpoint of high productivity and uniform treatment, liquid phase electrolytic oxidation is preferably used.
- the electrolytic solution used in the liquid phase electrolytic oxidation includes an acidic electrolytic solution and an alkaline electrolytic solution. From the viewpoint of adhesion between the carbon fiber and the matrix resin, the electrolytic solution was subjected to liquid phase electrolytic oxidation in the alkaline electrolytic solution. It is more preferable to apply a sizing agent later.
- Examples of the acidic electrolyte include inorganic acids such as sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, boric acid, and carbonic acid, organic acids such as acetic acid, butyric acid, oxalic acid, acrylic acid, and maleic acid, or ammonium sulfate and ammonium hydrogen sulfate. And the like. Of these, sulfuric acid and nitric acid exhibiting strong acidity are preferably used.
- alkaline electrolyte examples include aqueous solutions of hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and barium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, Aqueous solutions of carbonates such as barium carbonate and ammonium carbonate, aqueous solutions of bicarbonates such as sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, magnesium bicarbonate, calcium bicarbonate, barium bicarbonate and ammonium bicarbonate, ammonia, tetraalkylammonium hydroxide And an aqueous solution of hydrazine.
- hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and barium hydroxide
- Aqueous solutions of carbonates such as barium carbonate and ammonium carbonate
- bicarbonates such as sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, magnesium bicarbonate, calcium bicarbonate, bar
- an aqueous solution of ammonium carbonate and ammonium hydrogen carbonate or an aqueous solution of tetraalkylammonium hydroxide exhibiting strong alkalinity is preferably used.
- the concentration of the electrolytic solution used in the present invention is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 5 mol / L, more preferably in the range of 0.1 to 1 mol / L.
- concentration of the electrolytic solution is 0.01 mol / L or more, the electrolytic treatment voltage is lowered, which is advantageous in terms of operating cost.
- concentration of the electrolytic solution is 5 mol / L or less, it is advantageous from the viewpoint of safety.
- the temperature of the electrolytic solution used in the present invention is preferably in the range of 10 to 100 ° C., more preferably in the range of 10 to 40 ° C.
- the efficiency of the electrolytic treatment is improved, which is advantageous in terms of operating cost.
- the temperature of the electrolytic solution is less than 100 ° C., it is advantageous from the viewpoint of safety.
- the amount of electricity in the liquid phase electrolytic oxidation is preferably optimized in accordance with the carbonization degree of the carbon fiber, and a larger amount of electricity is required when processing the carbon fiber having a high elastic modulus.
- the current density in the liquid phase electrolytic oxidation is preferably in the range of 1.5 to 1000 amperes / m 2 per 1 m 2 of the surface area of the carbon fiber in the electrolytic treatment solution, more preferably 3 to 500 amperes. / M 2 within the range.
- the current density is 1.5 amperes / m 2 or more, the efficiency of the electrolytic treatment is improved, which is advantageous in terms of operating cost.
- the current density is 1000 amperes / m 2 or less, it is advantageous from the viewpoint of safety.
- the carbon fiber is preferably washed and dried.
- a cleaning method for example, a dip method or a spray method can be used.
- a dip method from a viewpoint that washing
- it is a preferable aspect to use a dip method vibrating a carbon fiber with an ultrasonic wave.
- the drying temperature is preferably 260 ° C. or lower. More preferably, drying is performed at 250 ° C. or lower, more preferably 240 ° C. or lower.
- the sizing agent according to the present invention contains at least the aromatic epoxy compound (B1) as the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) and the aromatic compound (B), and may contain other components.
- the aromatic compound (B) containing at least the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) and the aromatic epoxy compound (B1) in the solvent, and other components are simultaneously used.
- a sizing solution that has been dissolved or dispersed a sizing solution in which the compound (A), (B1), (B) and other components are arbitrarily selected and dissolved or dispersed individually in a solvent.
- a method of applying to carbon fiber in a plurality of times is preferably used.
- the sizing agent according to the present invention can be used as a sizing solution obtained by diluting a sizing agent component with a solvent.
- a solvent examples include water, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, dimethylformamide, and dimethylacetamide.
- handling is easy and advantageous from the viewpoint of safety. Therefore, an aqueous dispersion or aqueous solution emulsified with a surfactant is preferably used.
- the sizing liquid is preferably prepared by mixing a solution containing at least the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) by preparing a water emulsion liquid by emulsifying a component containing at least the aromatic compound (B) with a surfactant.
- a surfactant emulsifier for emulsifying a component containing at least the aromatic compound (B) with a surfactant.
- a method of dissolving in water in advance to form an aqueous solution and mixing with an aqueous emulsion liquid containing at least the aromatic compound (B) is an emulsion stability. From this point, it is preferably used.
- a water dispersant obtained by emulsifying the aliphatic epoxy compound (A), the aromatic compound (B) and other components with a surfactant from the viewpoint of long-term storage stability of the sizing agent.
- the concentration of the sizing agent in the sizing solution is usually preferably in the range of 0.2% by mass to 20% by mass.
- Examples of the means for applying (coating) the sizing agent to the carbon fiber include a method of immersing the carbon fiber in a sizing liquid through a roller, a method of contacting the carbon fiber with a roller to which the sizing liquid is attached, and a sizing liquid being atomized. There is a method of spraying on carbon fiber.
- the sizing agent applying means may be either a batch type or a continuous type, but a continuous type capable of improving productivity and reducing variation is preferably used. At this time, it is preferable to control the sizing solution concentration, temperature, yarn tension, and the like so that the amount of the sizing agent active ingredient attached to the carbon fiber is uniformly attached within an appropriate range.
- the carbon fiber is vibrated with ultrasonic waves when the sizing agent is applied.
- the liquid temperature of the sizing liquid when the sizing liquid is applied to the carbon fiber is preferably in the range of 10 to 50 ° C. in order to suppress the concentration fluctuation of the sizing agent due to solvent evaporation. Further, by adjusting the amount of squeezing out the excess sizing liquid after the sizing liquid is applied, the amount of sizing agent attached can be adjusted and uniformly applied to the carbon fibers.
- the heat treatment conditions are preferably in the temperature range of 170 to 250 ° C. for 30 to 500 seconds, and more preferably in the temperature range of 180 to 240 ° C. for 30 to 300 seconds.
- the heat treatment condition is less than 160 ° C. and / or less than 30 seconds, the interaction between the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) of the sizing agent and the oxygen-containing functional group on the carbon fiber surface is not promoted, and the carbon fiber In some cases, the adhesiveness with the matrix resin becomes insufficient, or the solvent cannot be sufficiently removed by drying.
- the heat treatment can be performed by microwave irradiation and / or infrared irradiation.
- the microwave penetrates into the carbon fiber and is absorbed, so that the carbon fiber that is the object to be heated is heated to a desired temperature in a short time. Can be heated.
- the inside of the carbon fiber can be quickly heated by microwave irradiation and / or infrared irradiation, the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the carbon fiber bundle can be reduced, and the adhesion unevenness of the sizing agent can be reduced. It becomes possible to do.
- the carbon fiber coated with the sizing agent according to the present invention produced as described above is obtained by using AlK ⁇ 1 and 2 with the sizing agent surface of the carbon fiber coated with the sizing agent as an X-ray source, and an X-ray with an electron escape angle of 15 °.
- the height (cps) of the component of the binding energy (284.6 eV) attributed to (a) CHx, CC, C C in the C 1s core spectrum measured by photoelectron spectroscopy, and (b) C—
- the ratio (a) / (b) of the height (cps) component of the binding energy (286.1 eV) attributed to O is 0.50 to 0.90.
- the sizing agent-coated carbon fiber according to the present invention is excellent in adhesiveness with a matrix resin when (a) / (b) is in a specific range, that is, 0.50 to 0.90, and is a prepreg. It was made by finding that there was little decrease in mechanical properties even when stored for a long time in this state.
- the ratio of the height (cps) of the component of the binding energy (284.6 eV) and the height (cps) of the component of the binding energy (286.1 eV) attributed to CO (a) / ( b) is preferably 0.55 or more, more preferably 0.57 or more.
- ratio (a) / (b) becomes like this. Preferably it is 0.80 or less, More preferably, it is 0.74 or less.
- a large (a) / (b) indicates that there are many aromatic compounds on the surface and few aliphatic compounds.
- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement method is an analysis method that irradiates a sample carbon fiber with X-rays in an ultra-high vacuum and measures the kinetic energy of photoelectrons emitted from the surface of the carbon fiber with an apparatus called an energy analyzer. That's it.
- an energy analyzer measures the kinetic energy of photoelectrons emitted from the surface of the carbon fiber with an apparatus called an energy analyzer. That's it.
- the binding energy converted from the energy value of the X-rays incident on the carbon fiber of the sample is uniquely determined. From the binding energy and the photoelectron intensity It is possible to analyze the type and concentration of the element present on the outermost surface ( ⁇ nm) of the sample and its chemical state.
- the peak ratio of (a) and (b) on the surface of the sizing agent-coated carbon fiber is determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy according to the following procedure. Cut the sizing agent-coated carbon fiber to 20 mm, spread and arrange it on a copper sample support, and then use AlK ⁇ 1,2 as the X-ray source and keep the sample chamber at 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 8 Torr for measurement. Is called. As correction of the peak accompanying charging during measurement, first, the binding energy value of the main peak of C 1s is adjusted to 286.1 eV. At this time, the peak area of C 1s is obtained by drawing a straight baseline in the range of 282 to 296 eV.
- a linear base line of 282 to 296 eV obtained by calculating the area at the C 1s peak is defined as the origin (zero point) of photoelectron intensity, and (b) the peak of the binding energy 286.1 eV attributed to the CO component is obtained.
- the sizing agent-coated carbon fiber according to the present invention has a C 1s inner shell spectrum (a) measured on the surface of the sizing agent coated on the carbon fiber by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy using X-rays of 400 eV at a photoelectron escape angle of 55 °. )
- the height (cps) of the component of the bond energy (284.6 eV) attributed to CHx, CC, C C, and (b) the component of the bond energy (286.1 eV) attributed to CO It is preferable that the values of (I) and (II) obtained from the ratio (a) / (b) to the height (cps) satisfy the relationship of (III).
- (I) which is the (a) / (b) value on the surface of the sizing agent-coated carbon fiber before ultrasonic treatment, falls within the above range means that there are many aromatic-derived compounds on the surface of the sizing agent. It shows that there are few compounds.
- the (a) / (b) value (I) before sonication is preferably 0.55 or more, more preferably 0.57 or more.
- (I) which is (a) / (b) value before ultrasonic treatment is preferably 0.80 or less, more preferably 0.74 or less.
- (II) / (I) which is the ratio of (a) / (b) values on the sizing agent-coated carbon fiber surface before and after the ultrasonic treatment, falls within the above range, indicates that the inner layer of the sizing agent compared to the sizing agent surface. Indicates that the ratio of the aliphatic compound is large.
- (II) / (I) is preferably 0.65 or more. Further, (II) / (I) is preferably 0.85 or less. It is preferable that the values of (I) and (II) satisfy the relationship of (III) because the adhesive property with the matrix resin is excellent and the mechanical properties are not deteriorated even when stored for a long time in a prepreg state.
- the epoxy equivalent of the sizing agent applied to the carbon fiber is 350 to 550 g / eq. It is preferable that Epoxy equivalent is 550 g / eq. By being below, the adhesiveness of the carbon fiber and matrix resin which apply
- the epoxy equivalent of the applied sizing agent was 360 g / eq. The above is preferable, and 380 g / eq. The above is more preferable. Moreover, the epoxy equivalent of the applied sizing agent was 530 g / eq. The following is preferable, and 500 g / eq. The following is more preferable. In order to set the epoxy equivalent of the applied sizing agent in the above range, the epoxy equivalent of 180 to 470 g / eq. It is preferable to apply the sizing agent. 313 g / eq. By being below, the adhesiveness of the carbon fiber and matrix resin which apply
- the epoxy equivalent of the sizing agent in the present invention is obtained by dissolving the sizing agent from which the solvent has been removed in a solvent typified by N, N-dimethylformamide, opening the epoxy group with hydrochloric acid, and determining by acid-base titration. it can.
- Epoxy equivalent is 220 g / eq. Or more, preferably 240 g / eq. The above is more preferable.
- the epoxy equivalent of the sizing agent applied to the carbon fiber in the present invention means that the sizing agent-coated carbon fiber is immersed in a solvent typified by N, N-dimethylformamide and ultrasonically washed to remove the fiber. After elution, the epoxy group can be opened with hydrochloric acid, and it can be determined by acid-base titration.
- the epoxy equivalent of the sizing agent applied to the carbon fiber can be controlled by the epoxy equivalent of the sizing agent used for application and the heat history in drying after application.
- the amount of the sizing agent attached to the carbon fibers is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 10.0 parts by mass, more preferably 0.2 to 3. The range is 0 part by mass.
- the sizing agent adhesion amount is 0.1 parts by mass or more, when prepreg and weaving the sizing agent-coated carbon fiber, it can withstand friction caused by a metal guide that passes therethrough, and generation of fluff is suppressed. Excellent quality such as smoothness of fiber sheet.
- the adhesion amount of the sizing agent is 10.0 parts by mass or less, the carbon fiber reinforcement is obtained by impregnating the matrix resin inside the carbon fiber without being inhibited by the sizing agent film around the sizing agent-coated carbon fiber. In the composite material, void formation is suppressed, the quality of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material is excellent, and at the same time, the mechanical properties are excellent.
- the amount of sizing agent attached was measured by measuring the change in mass before and after the heat treatment when about 2 ⁇ 0.5 g of sizing agent-coated carbon fiber was sampled and heat-treated at 450 ° C. for 15 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere. The mass change is divided by the mass before heat treatment (mass%).
- the thickness of the sizing agent layer applied to the carbon fiber and dried is preferably in the range of 2.0 to 20 nm, and the maximum value of the thickness does not exceed twice the minimum value.
- the adhesion amount of the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) is preferably in the range of 0.05 to 5.0 parts by mass, more preferably 0.2 to 2 parts per 100 parts by mass of the carbon fiber.
- the range is 0.0 parts by mass. More preferably, it is 0.3 to 1.0 part by mass. It is preferable that the adhesion amount of the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) is 0.05 parts by mass or more because the adhesion between the sizing agent-coated carbon fiber and the matrix resin is improved by the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) on the carbon fiber surface.
- the polar component of the surface free energy is applied sizing agent to 8 mJ / m 2 or more 50 mJ / m 2 or less of carbon fiber. Since the polar component of the surface free energy is 8 mJ / m 2 or more, the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) is closer to the carbon fiber surface, so that the adhesion is improved and the sizing layer is unevenly distributed. At 50 mJ / m 2 or less, the convergence between the carbon fibers is increased, and the impregnation with the matrix resin is improved.
- Polar component of the surface free energy of the carbon fiber surface is more preferably 15 mJ / m 2 or more 45 mJ / m 2 or less, and most preferably 25 mJ / m 2 or more 40 mJ / m 2 or less.
- the sizing agent-coated carbon fiber of the present invention is used in the form of, for example, tow, woven fabric, knitted fabric, braid, web, mat, and chopped.
- a tow in which carbon fibers are aligned in one direction is most suitable, and a prepreg impregnated with a matrix resin is preferably used.
- thermosetting resin composition used in the prepreg in the present invention will be described.
- thermosetting resin composition used in the present invention includes a thermosetting resin (D), a latent curing agent (E), and at least one of the following [1] or [2], and [1] a thermoplastic resin.
- the thermoplastic resin particles or fibers (F) and the conductive particles or fibers (G) in a mass ratio of 1: 1 to 1000 and made of the carbon fibers. It is characterized by having an interlayer forming layer in which (F) and (G) and / or (H) are arranged on the surface.
- the thermosetting resin includes thermoplastic resin particles or fibers (F), conductive particles or fibers (G), and a latent curing agent (E). .
- thermoplastic resin particles as (F) and conductive particles as (G).
- both (F) and (G) are in the particle form, the flow characteristics of the thermosetting resin are better compared to the case where either one is in the fiber form, or both are in the fiber form, and carbon. This is because the fiber has excellent impregnation properties.
- an interlayer generated by local impact at the time of falling weight impact (or local impact) on the carbon fiber reinforced composite material is used.
- thermosetting resin is formed by covering the core of the thermoplastic resin with the conductive material or the core of the thermoplastic resin with the conductive material.
- a conductive fiber (H) and a latent curing agent (E) are included.
- (H) is a conductive particle in which the core of the thermoplastic resin is coated with a conductive substance or the core of the thermoplastic resin is coated with a conductive substance in (G). It has a specific aspect of fiber.
- the aspect including [1] is more effective than the aspect including [2] in the effect of excellent toughness due to the (G) thermoplastic resin particles or fibers in the laminated interlayer portion of the carbon fiber layer when the prepreg is formed.
- the embodiment containing [2] is superior in that it can be expected to reduce costs and improve productivity by using fewer components than the embodiment containing [1].
- thermosetting resin (D) used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it undergoes a crosslinking reaction by heat and at least partially forms a three-dimensional crosslinked structure.
- thermosetting resins include unsaturated polyester resins, vinyl ester resins, epoxy resins, benzoxazine resins, phenol resins, urea resins, melamine resins, and polyimide resins, and these modified products and two or more types thereof.
- a blended resin or the like can also be used.
- these thermosetting resins may be self-curing by heating, or may be blended with a curing agent or a curing accelerator.
- thermosetting resins an epoxy resin having an excellent balance of heat resistance, mechanical properties, and adhesion to carbon fibers is preferably used.
- an epoxy resin whose precursor is an amine, a phenol, or a compound having a carbon-carbon double bond is preferably used.
- tetraglycidyl diaminodiphenylmethane, tetraglycidyl diaminodiphenyl ether, tetraglycidyl diaminodiphenyl sulfone, triglycidyl-p-aminophenol, triglycidyl-m-aminophenol are used as glycidylamine type epoxy resins having amines as precursors.
- various isomers of triglycidylaminocresol Tetraglycidyldiaminodiphenylmethane is preferred as a carbon fiber reinforced composite resin as an aircraft structural material because of its excellent heat resistance.
- thermosetting resin (D) a glycidyl ether type epoxy resin having phenol as a precursor is also preferably used.
- epoxy resins include bisphenol A type epoxy resins, bisphenol F type epoxy resins, bisphenol S type epoxy resins, phenol novolac type epoxy resins, cresol novolac type epoxy resins, and resorcinol type epoxy resins.
- liquid bisphenol A type epoxy resin, bisphenol F type epoxy resin and resorcinol type epoxy resin are preferably used in combination with other epoxy resins because of their low viscosity.
- a bisphenol A type epoxy resin that is solid at room temperature gives a structure having a low crosslinking density in a cured resin compared to a bisphenol A type epoxy resin that is liquid at room temperature (about 25 ° C.).
- the heat resistance of the cured resin is lower, but the toughness is higher, so it is preferably used in combination with a glycidylamine type epoxy resin, a liquid bisphenol A type epoxy resin or a bisphenol F type epoxy resin. It is done.
- An epoxy resin having a naphthalene skeleton gives a cured resin having low water absorption and high heat resistance.
- Biphenyl type epoxy resins, dicyclopentadiene type epoxy resins, phenol aralkyl type epoxy resins and diphenylfluorene type epoxy resins are also preferably used because they give a cured resin having a low water absorption rate.
- Urethane-modified epoxy resin and isocyanate-modified epoxy resin are preferably used because they give a cured resin having high fracture toughness and high elongation.
- epoxy resins may be used alone or in combination as appropriate. It is preferable to mix and use an epoxy resin having at least two epoxy groups and an epoxy resin having three or more epoxy groups since both the fluidity of the resin and the heat resistance after curing can be obtained.
- the combination of glycidylamine type epoxy and glycidyl ether type epoxy makes it possible to achieve both heat resistance and water resistance and processability.
- blending an epoxy resin that is liquid at least at room temperature and an epoxy resin that is solid at room temperature is effective for making the tackiness and draping property of the prepreg appropriate.
- Phenol novolac-type epoxy resins and cresol novolac-type epoxy resins have high heat resistance and low water absorption, and therefore give cured resins with high heat resistance and water resistance.
- the tackiness and draping properties of the prepreg can be adjusted while improving the heat and water resistance.
- the thermosetting resin (D) according to the present invention is used by blending a latent curing agent (E).
- the latent curing agent (E) described here is a curing agent for the thermosetting resin (D) used in the present invention, and is activated by applying a temperature to react the thermosetting resin (D). It is a curing agent that reacts with a group, such as an epoxy group, and the reaction is preferably activated at 70 ° C. or higher.
- activation at 70 ° C. means that the reaction start temperature is in the range of 70 ° C.
- activation temperature can be determined by, for example, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
- thermosetting resin (D) specifically, an epoxy resin composition in which 10 parts by mass of a curing agent to be evaluated is added to 100 parts by mass of a bisphenol A type epoxy compound having an epoxy equivalent of about 184 to 194 For an object, it is obtained from the intersection of the tangent of the inflection point and the tangent of the baseline of the exothermic curve obtained by differential scanning calorimetry.
- the latent curing agent (E) is preferably an aromatic amine curing agent (E1), dicyandiamide or a derivative thereof.
- the aromatic amine curing agent is not particularly limited as long as it is an aromatic amine used as an epoxy resin curing agent.
- aromatic amine curing agents include Seika Cure S (manufactured by Wakayama Seika Kogyo Co., Ltd.), MDA-220 (manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals), “jER Cure (registered trademark)” W (Japan) Epoxy Resin Co., Ltd.), and 3,3′-DAS (Mitsui Chemicals Co., Ltd.), “Lonzacure®” M-DEA, M-DIPA, M-MIPA and DETDA 80 (above, Lonza ( Etc.).
- Examples of commercially available dicyandiamide include DICY-7 and DICY-15 (manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resins Co., Ltd.).
- aromatic amine curing agent (E1) As curing agents other than the aromatic amine curing agent (E1), amines such as alicyclic amines, phenol compounds, acid anhydrides, polyaminoamides, organic acid hydrazides, and isocyanates are used in combination with aromatic amine curing agents. Also good.
- the combination of the sizing agent according to the present invention and the latent curing agent (E) the following combinations are preferable.
- the sizing agent and the latent curing agent (E) are mixed at an amine equivalent / epoxy equivalent ratio of 0.9, which is the ratio of the amine equivalent to the epoxy equivalent of the sizing agent to be applied and the latent curing agent (E).
- the glass transition point is measured immediately after storage for 20 days in an environment of a temperature of 25 ° C. and 60% RH.
- a combination of a sizing agent having a glass transition point increase of 25 ° C. or less after 20 days and a latent curing agent (E) is preferable. When the glass transition point rises to 25 ° C.
- the reaction in the sizing agent outer layer and the matrix resin is suppressed when the prepreg is formed, and the tensile strength of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material after the prepreg is stored for a long period of time.
- the increase in the glass transition point is 15 ° C. or less. More preferably, it is 10 ° C. or lower.
- the glass transition point can be determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
- the total amount of the latent curing agent (E) is such that when an epoxy resin is used as the thermosetting resin (D), the active hydrogen group is 0.6 to 1 with respect to 1 equivalent of the epoxy group of all epoxy resin components. It is preferable to include an amount in the range of 2 equivalents, and more preferable to include an amount in the range of 0.7 to 0.9 equivalents.
- the active hydrogen group means a functional group that can react with the epoxy group of the curing agent component, and when the active hydrogen group is less than 0.6 equivalent, the reaction rate, heat resistance, and elastic modulus of the cured product. In some cases, the glass transition temperature and strength of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material may be insufficient. If the active hydrogen group exceeds 1.2 equivalents, the reaction rate, glass transition temperature, and elastic modulus of the cured product are sufficient, but the plastic deformation ability is insufficient, so the impact resistance of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material May be insufficient.
- a curing accelerator can be blended for the purpose of promoting curing.
- Curing accelerators include urea compounds, tertiary amines and salts thereof, imidazoles and salts thereof, triphenylphosphine or derivatives thereof, carboxylic acid metal salts, Lewis acids, Bronsted acids and salts thereof, and the like.
- urea compounds are preferably used from the balance between long-term storage stability and catalytic ability.
- a combination of a urea compound and the latent curing agent (E) dicyandiamide is preferably used.
- urea compound examples include N, N-dimethyl-N ′-(3,4-dichlorophenyl) urea, toluenebis (dimethylurea), 4,4′-methylenebis (phenyldimethylurea), 3-phenyl-1, 1-dimethylurea or the like can be used.
- examples of commercially available urea compounds include DCMU99 (manufactured by Hodogaya Chemical Co., Ltd.), “Omicure (registered trademark)” 24, 52, 94 (above, Emerald Performance Materials, LLC).
- the blending amount of the urea compound is preferably 1 to 4 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the epoxy resin component.
- the compounding quantity of this urea compound is less than 1 mass part, reaction may not fully advance and the elasticity modulus and heat resistance of hardened
- the amount of the urea compound exceeds 4 parts by mass, the self-polymerization reaction of the thermosetting resin (D) inhibits the reaction between the thermosetting resin (D) and the latent curing agent (E). Therefore, the toughness of the cured product may be insufficient or the elastic modulus may be reduced.
- thermosetting resins (D) and latent curing agents (E), or those obtained by pre-reacting a part of them can be blended in the composition. This method may be effective for viscosity adjustment and long-term storage stability improvement.
- thermoplastic resin is dissolved in the above-mentioned thermosetting resin composition.
- thermoplastic resins are generally selected from the group consisting of a carbon-carbon bond, amide bond, imide bond, ester bond, ether bond, carbonate bond, urethane bond, thioether bond, sulfone bond and carbonyl bond in the main chain.
- a thermoplastic resin having a selected bond is preferred.
- this thermoplastic resin may have a partially crosslinked structure, and may be crystalline or amorphous.
- the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the thermoplastic resin to be melted is at least 150 ° C. or higher, and preferably 170 ° C. or higher. If the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic resin to be blended is less than 150 ° C., it may be easily deformed by heat when used as a molded body. Furthermore, as a terminal functional group of this thermoplastic resin, things, such as a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a thiol group, and an acid anhydride, can react with a cationically polymerizable compound, and are used preferably.
- thermoplastic resin having a hydroxyl group examples include polyvinyl acetal resins such as polyvinyl formal and polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl alcohol, and phenoxy resin, and examples of the thermoplastic resin having a sulfonyl group include polyethersulfone. it can.
- polyethersulfone and polyetherethersulfone copolymer oligomers as described in JP-T-2004-506789, and “Ultem (registered trademark)” 1000, 101, which is a commercially available product of polyetherimide, are available. , 1040 (or, SABIC Innovative Plastics Japan Co. LLC) and the like.
- the oligomer refers to a relatively low molecular weight polymer 100 or so finite monomers from 10 bound.
- thermosetting resin (D) When an epoxy resin is used as the thermosetting resin (D), particularly the thermosetting resin (D), and the epoxy resin and the thermoplastic resin are dissolved and used, the result is better than when they are used alone. Is often given.
- the brittleness of the epoxy resin is covered with the toughness of the thermoplastic resin, and the molding difficulty of the thermoplastic resin is covered with the epoxy resin, thereby providing a balanced base resin.
- the use ratio (% by mass) of the epoxy resin and the thermoplastic resin is preferably from 1 to 40% by mass of the thermoplastic resin in 100% by mass of the thermosetting resin composition in terms of balance.
- the content is preferably 5 to 30% by mass, and more preferably 8 to 20% by mass.
- thermosetting resin composition When the amount of the thermoplastic resin is too large, the viscosity of the thermosetting resin composition increases, and the processability and handleability of the thermosetting resin composition and the prepreg may be impaired. If the amount of the thermoplastic resin is too small, the toughness of the cured product of the thermosetting resin may be insufficient, and the resulting carbon fiber reinforced composite material may have insufficient impact resistance.
- thermoplastic resin particles or fibers (F) are used as essential components, excellent impact resistance can be realized.
- the thermoplastic resin particles or fibers (F) used in the present invention are the same as the various thermoplastic resins exemplified above as the thermoplastic resin used by mixing and dissolving in the thermosetting resin composition. Can be used.
- polyamide is most preferred because it can greatly improve impact resistance due to excellent toughness.
- a semi-IPN polymer interpenetrating network structure
- nylon 12 nylon 6, nylon 11, nylon 6/12 copolymer, or an epoxy compound described in Example 1 of JP-A-01-104624.
- Nylon (semi-IPN nylon) is preferable because it has a particularly good bond strength with an epoxy resin, and therefore has a high delamination strength of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material at the time of falling weight impact and a high effect of improving impact resistance. .
- polyamide particles include SP-500, SP-10, TR-1, TR-2, 842P-48, 842P-80 (above made by Toray Industries, Inc.), “Trepearl (registered trademark)” TN (Toray Industries, Inc.) “Orgasol (registered trademark)” 1002D, 2001UD, 2001EXD, 2002D, 3202D, 3501D, 3502D, (manufactured by Arkema Co., Ltd.) and the like can be used.
- thermoplastic resin particles When thermoplastic resin particles are used as (F), the shape of the thermoplastic resin particles may be spherical, non-spherical, porous, needle-like, whisker-like, or flake-like, but spherical.
- the spherical shape does not degrade the flow characteristics of the thermosetting resin, so it has better impregnation into carbon fiber, and local impact during falling weight impact (or local impact) on carbon fiber reinforced composite material.
- the delamination caused by the above-described local impact that is the starting point of fracture due to stress concentration when stress is applied to the carbon fiber reinforced composite material after the impact is reduced. Less. Therefore, it is suitable at the point from which the carbon fiber reinforced composite material which expresses higher impact resistance is obtained.
- both the short fiber and the long fiber can be used as the shape of the thermoplastic resin fiber.
- short fibers as disclosed in JP-A-2-69566
- a method of using short fibers in the same manner as particles or a method of processing them into a mat can be used.
- long fibers a method of arranging the long fibers in parallel with the prepreg surface as shown in JP-A-4-292634, or a method of arranging them randomly as shown in International Publication No. 94016003 is possible.
- a sheet-like base material such as a woven fabric as disclosed in JP-A-2-32843, a nonwoven fabric as disclosed in International Publication No. 94016003, or a knitted fabric.
- a method of processing a woven fabric or a knitted fabric in which short fiber chips, chopped strands, milled fibers, or short fibers are spun and arranged in parallel or randomly can also be used.
- the conductive particles may be particles that behave as an electrically good conductor, and are not limited to those consisting only of a conductor.
- the particles Preferably, the particles have a volume resistivity of 10 to 10 ⁇ 9 ⁇ cm, more preferably 1 to 10 ⁇ 9 ⁇ cm, and even more preferably 10 ⁇ 1 to 10 ⁇ 9 ⁇ cm. If the volume resistivity is too high, sufficient conductivity may not be obtained in the carbon fiber reinforced composite material.
- the conductive particles include, for example, metal particles, polyacetylene particles, polyaniline particles, polypyrrole particles, polythiophene particles, polyisothianaphthene particles, polyethylene dioxythiophene particles and other conductive polymer particles, carbon particles, and inorganic material nuclei. Can be used. Particles formed by coating with a conductive substance, and particles formed by covering the core of an organic material with a conductive substance can be used. Among these, carbon particles, particles in which the core of the inorganic material is coated with a conductive substance, and particles in which the core of an organic material is coated with a conductive substance are included because of high conductivity and long-term storage stability. Particularly preferably used.
- a carbon fiber obtained by using a thermoplastic resin as an organic material and adopting particles in which the core of the thermoplastic resin is coated with a conductive substance is used.
- the reinforced composite material is preferable because it can realize further excellent impact resistance.
- the conductive fiber when a conductive fiber is used as (G), the conductive fiber may be a fiber that behaves as an electrically good conductor, and is not limited to one made only of a conductor.
- the conductive fiber for example, a metal fiber, a carbon fiber, a fiber in which a core of an inorganic material is coated with a conductive substance, a fiber in which a core of an organic material is coated with a conductive substance, or the like can be used.
- the carbon fiber obtained by using a thermoplastic resin as the organic material and a fiber in which the core of the thermoplastic resin is coated with a conductive material as in the embodiment including [2] of the present invention described later. Further improved impact resistance can be realized in reinforced composite materials.
- volume resistivity is calculated from the value obtained by setting the sample in a cylindrical cell having four probe electrodes, measuring the thickness and resistance value of the sample with a pressure of 60 MPa applied to the sample. Volume resistivity is used.
- the conductive particles or fibers (G) of the type coated with a conductive substance are composed of an inorganic material or organic material that is a core or core and a conductive layer made of a conductive substance.
- An adhesive layer as described later may be provided between the core or core and the conductive layer as needed.
- examples of the inorganic material used as the core or core include inorganic oxides, inorganic-organic composites, and carbon.
- the inorganic oxide examples include single inorganic oxides such as silica, alumina, zirconia, titania, silica / alumina, silica / zirconia, and two or more composite inorganic oxides.
- Examples of the inorganic organic composite include polyorganosiloxane obtained by hydrolyzing metal alkoxide and / or metal alkyl alkoxide.
- carbon crystalline carbon and amorphous carbon are preferably used.
- amorphous carbon for example, “Bellpearl” (registered trademark) C-600, C-800, C-2000 (manufactured by Air Water Co., Ltd.), “NICABEADS” (registered trademark) ICB, PC, MC ( Nippon Carbon Co., Ltd.), Glassy Carbon (Tokai Carbon Co., Ltd.), High Purity Artificial Graphite SG Series, SGB Series, SN Series (SEC Carbon Co., Ltd.), True Spherical Carbon (Gunei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) ))) and the like.
- the organic material used as the core or core includes unsaturated polyester resin, vinyl ester resin, Thermosetting resins such as epoxy resin, benzoxazine resin, phenol resin, urea resin, melamine resin and polyimide resin, polyamide resin, phenol resin, amino resin, acrylic resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate resin, polyester resin, urea resin, melamine
- thermoplastic resins such as resin, alkyd resin, polyimide resin, urethane resin, and divinylbenzene resin.
- two or more kinds of the materials mentioned here may be used in combination. Among these, acrylic resins and divinylbenzene resins having excellent heat resistance, and polyamide resins having excellent impact resistance are preferably used.
- the shape may be spherical, non-spherical, porous, needle-like, whisker-like, or flaky, but spherical is preferred. Since the spherical shape does not deteriorate the flow characteristics of the thermosetting resin, the impregnation property to the carbon fiber is excellent. In addition, when falling weight impact (or local impact) on the carbon fiber reinforced composite material, delamination caused by the local impact is further reduced, so stress was applied to the carbon fiber reinforced composite material after such impact.
- the shape can be either short fibers or long fibers.
- short fibers as disclosed in JP-A-2-69566, a method of using short fibers in the same manner as particles or a method of processing them into a mat can be used.
- long fibers a method of arranging the long fibers in parallel with the prepreg surface as shown in JP-A-4-292634, or a method of arranging them randomly as shown in International Publication No. 94016003 is possible.
- it can be used after being processed into a sheet-like base material such as a woven fabric as disclosed in JP-A-2-32843, a nonwoven fabric as disclosed in International Publication No.
- a knitted fabric 94016003, or a knitted fabric.
- a method of processing a woven fabric or a knitted fabric in which short fiber chips, chopped strands, milled fibers, or short fibers are spun and arranged in parallel or randomly can also be used.
- the conductive fiber core is processed into the above shape and then coated with the conductive substance.
- a method in which the conductive fiber core is coated with a conductive substance and then processed into the above shape Either a short fiber, long fiber, chopped strand, milled fiber or the like is preferably used.
- a method is preferably used in which a conductive fiber core is coated with a conductive substance and then processed into the above shape. The method of coating the conductive material after processing the core of the conductive fiber into the above-mentioned shape is not preferable because the coating unevenness occurs and the conductivity of the conductive fiber used as (G) may decrease. .
- the particles or the thermoplastic resin particles or fibers (H) in which the core or core of the thermoplastic resin is coated with a conductive substance are used as essential components. Even without adding the fiber (F), the carbon fiber reinforced composite material can exhibit high impact resistance and conductivity.
- the thermoplastic resin used as the core or core material of the conductive particles or fibers in (H) used in the present invention is various thermoplastic resins exemplified above as thermoplastic resins used by mixing and dissolving in an epoxy resin. The same can be used. Among them, it is preferable to use a thermoplastic resin having a strain energy release rate (G1c) of 1500 to 50000 J / m 2 as the core or core material.
- the strain energy release rate (G1c) is too small, the impact resistance of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material may be insufficient, and if it is too large, the rigidity of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material may decrease.
- a thermoplastic resin for example, polyamide, polyamideimide, polyethersulfone, polyetherimide and the like are preferably used, and polyamide is particularly preferable.
- polyamides nylon 12, nylon 6, nylon 11, nylon 6/12 copolymer, and nylon modified with an epoxy compound (epoxy modified nylon) are preferably used.
- Evaluation of G1c is performed by a compact tension method or a double tension method defined in ASTM D 5045-96, using a resin plate formed by molding a thermoplastic resin which is a core or core material of (H).
- the shape of the core of the thermoplastic resin particles may be spherical, non-spherical, porous, needle-shaped, whisker-shaped, or the like. Or, it may be flaky, but is preferably spherical. Since the spherical shape does not deteriorate the flow characteristics of the thermosetting resin, the impregnation property to the carbon fiber is excellent. In addition, when falling weight impact (or local impact) on the carbon fiber reinforced composite material, delamination caused by the local impact is further reduced, so stress was applied to the carbon fiber reinforced composite material after such impact.
- the shape of the core of the thermoplastic resin fiber can be both short fibers or long fibers.
- short fibers a method of using short fibers in the same manner as particles as described in JP-A-2-69566, or a method of processing into a mat can be used.
- long fibers a method of arranging the long fibers in parallel with the prepreg surface as shown in JP-A-4-292634, or a method of arranging them randomly as shown in International Publication No. 94016003 is possible.
- it can be used by processing into a sheet-like base material such as a woven fabric as disclosed in JP-A-2-32843, a nonwoven fabric as disclosed in International Publication No. 94016003, or a knitted fabric.
- a method of processing a woven fabric or a knitted fabric in which short fiber chips, chopped strands, milled fibers, or short fibers are spun and arranged in parallel or randomly can also be used.
- the core of the thermoplastic resin fiber is processed into the above shape and then coated with the conductive substance, or the core of the thermoplastic resin fiber is coated with the conductive substance Then, there is a method of processing into the above shape.
- Both of the short fiber, long fiber, chopped strand, and milled fiber are preferably used.
- a method is preferably used in which the core of thermoplastic resin fibers is coated with a conductive substance and then processed into the above-mentioned shape.
- thermoplastic resin particles In the case of woven fabrics, knitted fabrics and nonwoven fabrics, if the core of the thermoplastic resin particles is processed into such a shape and then coated with a conductive material, coating unevenness may occur and the conductivity of (H) may be reduced, which is preferably used. Because it is not possible.
- conductive particles or fibers (H) in which the core or core of the thermoplastic resin is coated with a conductive substance examples of the conductive substance covering the core or core include metal and carbon.
- a conductive layer is formed of the conductive material on the surface of the core or core of the thermoplastic resin.
- the conductive layer is a continuous film of metal or carbon. Alternatively, it may be a collection of fibrous or particulate conductive materials such as conductive fibers, carbon black, and metal fine particles.
- the conductive material constituting the layer may be any material that behaves as an electrically good conductor, and is not limited to a material composed of only a conductor.
- the material has a volume resistivity of 10 to 10 ⁇ 9 ⁇ cm, more preferably 1 to 10 ⁇ 9 ⁇ cm, and further preferably 10 ⁇ 1 to 10 ⁇ 9 ⁇ cm. If the volume resistivity is too high, sufficient conductivity may not be obtained in the carbon fiber reinforced composite material.
- carbon or metal may be used, and the conductive layer may be a continuous film of carbon or metal, or may be a collection of fibrous or particulate conductive materials.
- carbon black such as channel black, thermal black, furnace black, ketjen black, hollow carbon fiber, etc.
- hollow carbon fibers are preferably used, and the outer shape thereof is preferably 0.1 to 1000 nm, more preferably 1 to 100 nm. Even if the outer diameter of the hollow carbon fiber is too small or too large, it is often difficult to produce such a hollow carbon fiber.
- the hollow carbon fiber may have a graphite layer formed on the surface.
- the total number of the graphite layers constituting is preferably 1 to 100 layers, more preferably 1 to 10 layers, still more preferably 1 to 4 layers, and particularly preferably 1 to 2 layers. belongs to.
- the standard electrode potential is preferably ⁇ 2.0 to 2.0 V, more preferably ⁇ 1.8 to 1.8 V. If the standard electrode potential is too low, it may be unstable and unfavorable for safety, and if it is too high, workability and productivity may be reduced.
- the standard electrode potential refers to the electrode potential when a metal is immersed in a solution containing the metal ions and the standard hydrogen electrode (platinum immersed in a 1N HCl solution in contact with hydrogen gas at 1 atm. Electrode) expressed as a difference from the potential. For example, Ti: -1.74V, Ni: -0.26V, Cu: 0.34V, Ag: 0.80V, Au: 1.52V.
- the metal used by plating Preferred metals include platinum, gold, silver, copper, tin, nickel, titanium, cobalt, zinc, iron, chromium, aluminum, and the like because they can prevent corrosion of the metal due to a potential difference with the carbon fiber. Platinum, gold, silver, copper, tin, nickel, or titanium is particularly preferably used because of its high conductivity of a volume resistivity of 10 to 10 ⁇ 9 ⁇ cm and long-term storage stability. In addition, these metals may be used independently and may be used as an alloy which has these metals as a main component.
- wet plating and dry plating are preferably used.
- wet plating methods such as electroless plating, displacement plating, and electroplating can be employed.
- the method using electroless plating is preferably used because plating can be applied to nonconductors. It is done.
- dry plating methods such as vacuum deposition, plasma CVD (chemical vapor deposition), photo-CVD, ion plating, sputtering, etc. can be employed. However, since excellent adhesion can be obtained even at low temperatures, the sputtering method is used. Is preferably used.
- the metal plating may be a single metal film or a multi-layer film made of a plurality of metals.
- metal plating it is preferable to form a plating film whose outermost surface is a layer made of gold, nickel, copper, or titanium.
- the connection resistance value can be reduced and the surface can be stabilized.
- a method of forming a nickel layer by electroless nickel plating and then forming a gold layer by displacement gold plating is preferably used.
- the metal used as the metal fine particles is platinum, gold, silver, copper, tin, nickel, titanium, cobalt, zinc, iron, chromium, aluminum, or these because it prevents corrosion due to a potential difference with the carbon fiber.
- An alloy mainly containing tin, tin oxide, indium oxide, indium oxide / tin (ITO), or the like is preferably used.
- platinum, gold, silver, copper, tin, nickel, titanium, or an alloy containing these as a main component is particularly preferably used since it exhibits high conductivity and long-term storage stability.
- the fine particles refer to the average diameter of the conductive particles or fibers (G) and the conductive particles or fibers (H) in which the core or core of the thermoplastic resin is coated with a conductive substance.
- a mechanochemical bonding method is preferably used as a method of coating the core or core with the above metal fine particles.
- Mechanochemical bonding is a method in which a plurality of different material particles are mechanically combined at a molecular level by applying mechanical energy, and a strong nano bond is created at the interface to create composite fine particles.
- metal fine particles are bonded to the core or core of an inorganic material or organic material, and the core or core is covered with the metal microparticle.
- the particle size of the metal fine particle is preferably 1/1000 to 1/10 times the average particle size of the core, Preferably it is 1/500 to 1/100 times. In some cases, it is difficult to produce fine metal particles having a particle size that is too small. Conversely, if the particle size of the fine metal particles is too large, uneven coating may occur. Further, when the metal fine particles are coated on the core of the inorganic or organic material, the particle size of the metal fine particles is preferably 1/1000 to 1/10 times the average fiber diameter of the core, more preferably 1/500. It is about 1/100 times. In some cases, it is difficult to produce fine metal particles having a particle size that is too small. Conversely, if the particle size of the fine metal particles is too large, uneven coating may occur.
- the core or An adhesive layer may or may not be present between the core and the conductive layer, but may be present when the core or the core and the conductive layer are easily peeled off.
- the main component of the adhesive layer in this case is vinyl acetate resin, acrylic resin, vinyl acetate-acrylic resin, vinyl acetate-vinyl chloride resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate resin, ethylene-acrylic resin, polyamide, polyvinyl acetal, polyvinyl alcohol.
- Polyester polyurethane, urea resin, melamine resin, phenol resin, resorcinol resin, epoxy resin, polyimide, natural rubber, chloroprene rubber, nitrile rubber, urethane rubber, SBR, recycled rubber, butyl rubber, aqueous vinyl urethane, ⁇ -olefin, cyano Acrylate, modified acrylic resin, epoxy resin, epoxy-phenol, butyral-phenol, nitrile-phenol, etc. are preferred, among which vinyl acetate resin, acrylic resin, vinyl acetate-acrylic resin, vinyl acetate Le - vinyl chloride resin, ethylene - vinyl acetate resins, ethylene - include acrylic resins and epoxy resins.
- the volume ratio represented by [volume of core or core] / [volume of conductive layer] is preferably 0.1 to 500, more preferably 1. It is preferable to use a material having a value of ⁇ 300, more preferably 5 ⁇ 100. If the volume ratio is less than 0.1, not only the mass of the obtained carbon fiber reinforced composite material is increased, but also there are cases where the carbon fiber reinforced composite material cannot be uniformly dispersed during resin preparation. In some cases, sufficient conductivity cannot be obtained in the composite material.
- Conductive particles or fibers used in the present invention (conductive particles or fibers (G) and conductive particles or fibers (H) in which the core or core of a thermoplastic resin is coated with a conductive material)
- the specific gravity is preferably at most 3.2.
- the specific gravity of the conductive particles or fibers exceeds 3.2, not only does the mass of the resulting carbon fiber reinforced composite material increase, but there are cases where it cannot be uniformly dispersed during resin preparation.
- the specific gravity of the conductive particles or fibers is preferably 0.8 to 2.2. If the specific gravity of the conductive particles or fibers is less than 0.8, it may not be uniformly dispersed during resin preparation.
- thermoplastic resin particles or fibers (F) and conductive particles or fibers (G) [the blending of thermoplastic resin particles or fibers (F)
- the mass ratio represented by “Amount (parts by mass)] / [Blend amount of conductive particles or fibers (G) (parts by mass)” is 1 to 1000, preferably 10 to 500, more preferably 10 to 100. .
- the mass ratio is less than 1, sufficient impact resistance cannot be obtained in the obtained carbon fiber reinforced composite material, and when the mass ratio is greater than 1000, sufficient carbon fiber reinforced composite material is obtained. This is because conductivity cannot be obtained.
- the average diameter of the conductive particles or fibers (G) is preferably the same as or larger than the average diameter (average particle diameter or average fiber diameter) of the thermoplastic resin particles or fibers (F), and the average diameter is preferably 150 ⁇ m or less.
- the conductive thermoplastic resin particles or fibers (F) are conductive particles.
- the fibers (G) are buried between the layers, and a conductive path between the carbon fibers in the layer and the conductive particles or fibers (G) is hardly formed, which may not provide a sufficient conductivity improving effect.
- thermoplastic resin particles or fibers (F), conductive particles or fibers (G), and conductive particles or fibers in which the core or core of the thermoplastic resin is coated with a conductive substance is preferably 150 ⁇ m or less. If the average diameter exceeds 150 ⁇ m, the arrangement of the carbon fibers is disturbed, or if the particle layer is formed in the vicinity of the surface of the prepreg as will be described later, the obtained carbon fiber reinforced composite material layer is more than necessary. When formed into a carbon fiber reinforced composite material, its mechanical properties may be reduced.
- the average diameter is preferably 5 to 150 ⁇ m, more preferably 10 to 70 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 20 to 40 ⁇ m. If the average diameter is too small, particles may sink between the carbon fiber fibers, and may not be localized in the interlayer portion of the prepreg laminate, resulting in insufficient particle presence effects and low impact resistance. is there.
- the method of measuring the average diameter will be described for each case where the target is a particle and a fiber.
- the volume ratio represented by [volume of core] / [volume of conductive layer] of conductive particles coated with a conductive substance first, the average particle diameter of the core of the conductive particles is determined as described above. It measures by a method, or the average diameter (average particle diameter) of electroconductive particle is measured by the said method.
- the average particle diameter (average particle diameter) of the conductive particles is obtained by adding twice the average particle diameter of the core of the conductive particles and the average value of the thickness of the conductive layer, or the average diameter of the conductive particles (average The average diameter (average particle diameter) of the nuclei of the conductive particles is obtained by subtracting twice the average value of the particle diameter) and the thickness of the conductive layer. Then, using the average diameter (average particle diameter) of the nuclei of the conductive particles and the average diameter (average particle diameter) of the conductive particles, a volume ratio represented by [volume of core] / [volume of conductive layer] Can be calculated.
- the cross section of the fiber is magnified 1000 times or more with a microscope such as a scanning electron microscope, a photograph is taken, the fiber cross section is randomly selected, and the fiber cross section is circumscribed.
- the volume ratio represented by [volume of the core] / [volume of the conductive layer] of the conductive fiber coated with the conductive material first, the average fiber diameter of the core of the conductive fiber is determined as described above. It measures by a method, or the average diameter (average fiber diameter) of a conductive fiber is measured by the said method.
- the average diameter (average fiber diameter) of the conductive fiber is obtained by adding twice the average diameter of the core of the conductive fiber (average fiber diameter) and the average value of the thickness of the conductive layer. By subtracting twice the average diameter (average fiber diameter) and the average value of the thickness of the conductive layer, the average diameter of the core of the conductive fibers (average fiber diameter) is obtained.
- the volume ratio represented by [volume of core] / [volume of conductive layer] using the average diameter (average fiber diameter) of the core of the conductive fiber and the average diameter (average fiber) diameter of the conductive fiber. Can be calculated.
- thermosetting resin in the conductive particles or fibers (G) and the conductive particles or fibers (H) in which the core or core of the thermoplastic resin is coated with a conductive substance, the thermosetting resin and However, if these are subjected to surface treatment, strong adhesion to the thermosetting resin can be realized, and impact resistance can be further improved. From this point of view, it is preferable to apply a material that has been subjected to at least one treatment selected from the group consisting of coupling treatment, oxidation treatment, ozone treatment, plasma treatment, corona treatment, and blast treatment.
- thermosetting resin those that have been subjected to a surface treatment by a coupling treatment, oxidation treatment, or plasma treatment that can form a chemical bond or hydrogen bond with a thermosetting resin are more preferably used because strong adhesion to the thermosetting resin can be realized.
- the surface treatment time is shortened, the conductive particles or fibers (G), and the conductive particles or fibers (H) in which the core or core of the thermoplastic resin is coated with a conductive substance.
- the surface treatment can be performed using heating and ultrasonic waves.
- the heating temperature is at most 200 ° C., preferably 30 to 120 ° C. at the highest. That is, if the temperature is too high, the odor becomes strong and the environment may deteriorate, or the operating cost may increase.
- the coupling agent used for the coupling treatment silane-based, titanium-based, and aluminum-based ones are used, and these coupling agents may be used alone or in combination. If the coupling agent is not appropriate, the adhesion between the treated particles or fibers and the thermosetting resin becomes insufficient, and the impact resistance may be lowered. In order to avoid such a problem, it is preferable to use a coupling agent that has a strong affinity with the thermosetting resin to be used, or that can be chemically bonded to realize strong adhesion. In order to increase the affinity with the thermosetting resin, it is preferable to select a coupling agent having a substituent whose molecular structure and polarity are close to the molecular structure and polarity of the thermosetting resin to be used.
- a coupling agent that can form a chemical bond with the thermosetting resin as the matrix resin.
- a resin that undergoes radical polymerization such as an unsaturated polyester resin, diallyl phthalate resin, or maleimide resin is used as a matrix resin, a vinyl group, an allyl group, an acryloyl group, a methacryloyl group, a cyclohexenyl group having a double bond, etc.
- a coupling agent having a substituent is preferred, and when the epoxy resin is a matrix resin, a coupling agent having an epoxy group, a phenolic hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a mercapto group, an amino group or a monosubstituted amino group is preferred. Further, when the phenol resin is a matrix resin, a coupling agent having an epoxy group or a phenolic hydroxyl group is preferable. When the urethane resin is a matrix resin, a cup having a hydroxyl group, an amino group or a monosubstituted amino group is preferable. A ring agent is preferred.
- a coupling agent having an amide group, a ureido group, an amino group or a monosubstituted amino group is preferable, and when the maleimide resin is a matrix resin, a double agent is preferable.
- a coupling agent having an amino group or a monosubstituted amino group in addition to the coupling agent having a bond is preferred.
- a coupling agent having a carboxyl group, an epoxy group, a hydroxyl group, an amino group or a monosubstituted amino group can be preferably used.
- silane coupling treatment a silane coupling treatment is preferable because coupling agents having various functional groups are easily available.
- the silane coupling agent include 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3- (2-aminoethyl) aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3- (phenylamino) as aminosilane.
- Examples include propyltrimethoxysilane, 3- (2-aminoethyl) aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, and the like.
- Epoxy silanes include 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 2- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethyltrimethoxy.
- Silane, ⁇ -methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and the like, and examples of vinyl silane include vinyltrichlorosilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyltris (2-methoxyethoxy) silane, vinyltriacetoxysilane and the like.
- a silane coupling agent having an epoxy group, an amino group or a monosubstituted amino group in the molecule is particularly preferably used because it can be applied to a wide range of resins and has high reactivity.
- the conductive particles or fibers (G), and the conductive particles or fibers (H) in which the core or core of the thermoplastic resin is coated with a conductive material hereinafter also referred to as an object to be treated.
- the coupling agent is preferably added in an amount of 0.01 to 30 parts by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of these particles or fibers. good. If the blending amount of the coupling agent is too small, the adhesiveness with the thermosetting resin may not be sufficiently exhibited, and conversely if too large, the mechanical properties of the cured product may be deteriorated.
- the coupling treatment may be performed by attaching a coupling agent to the object to be treated and directly heat-treating it, or by adding a non-treated material and a coupling agent to the thermosetting resin in advance.
- the coupling treatment may be performed by heat treatment when the prepreg is cured.
- the oxidation treatment is not particularly limited as long as the surface of the object to be treated can be oxidized, but chemical oxidation treatment and electrolytic oxidation treatment can be used. Of these, chemical oxidation treatment is preferably used.
- Chemical solution oxidation is a method of oxidizing in an acidic aqueous solution.
- acidic aqueous solutions include sulfuric acid, fuming sulfuric acid, nitric acid, fuming nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, carbonic acid, boric acid, oxalic acid, hydrofluoric acid, formic acid, butyric acid, acetic acid, borosulfuric acid, chlorosulfuric acid, chloroacetic acid, sulfosalicylic acid, Sulfoacetic acid, maleic acid, chromic anhydride, hypochlorous acid, acrylic acid, sulfonic acid, fluorosulfuric acid, trifluoromethanesulfuric acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, ammonium sulfate, ammonium formate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium oxalate, hydrogen sulfate An aqueous solution containing ammonium
- a functional group such as a hydroxyl group or a carboxyl group is chemically generated on the surface of the object to be processed, and the functional group is chemically bonded and / or hydrogen bonded to the matrix resin, thereby realizing strong adhesion.
- sulfuric acid, nitric acid, or a mixed acid thereof showing strong acidity is preferably used.
- the concentration of the acidic aqueous solution is preferably 0.01% by mass or more, more preferably 10% by mass or more, and further preferably 50% by mass or more. The higher the concentration, the shorter the processing time and the effect of loosening the aggregation of the objects to be processed. It is preferable to add an oxidizing agent such as ozone, hydrogen peroxide or lead dioxide to the acidic aqueous solution because the oxidizing power is further increased.
- an oxidizing agent such as ozone, hydrogen peroxide or lead dioxide
- a method in which ozone is introduced into a chamber having a heater and the object to be treated is heat-treated is preferably used.
- the surface of the object to be processed is modified to an activated surface, the surface wettability with the matrix resin is greatly improved, and strong adhesion can be realized.
- a method of photo-oxidizing the object to be processed by irradiating with ultraviolet rays in an ozone atmosphere is also preferably used.
- a method of introducing a reactive gas into the chamber and performing the plasma treatment under reduced pressure is preferably used.
- Reactive gases include helium, neon, argon, nitrogen, ammonia, oxygen, nitrous oxide, nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, bromine cyanide, hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen, water vapor, air, sulfurous acid gas
- hydrogen sulfide or the like may be used alone or in combination.
- the plasma When the plasma is generated by discharge, high frequency, low frequency, microwave, or direct current can be used.
- processing apparatuses there are an internal electrode system in which electrodes are installed in a vacuum apparatus and an external electrode system in which electrodes are installed outside the vacuum apparatus, but either system can be used in the present invention.
- the shape of the electrode can be used in combination with a plate shape, a rod shape, a cylinder shape, etc. depending on the purpose, but the surface of the metal rod as a discharge electrode is coated with glass, the earth electrode is made of metal, for example, stainless steel It is preferable to use a plate or drum-like one at a distance between electrodes of preferably 0.5 to 30 cm, more preferably 2 to 10 cm, since there is no unevenness in discharge and a uniform treatment can be performed.
- the electrode is preferably cooled with water or the like as necessary.
- Japanese Patent Publication No. 48-5043 Japanese Patent Publication No. 47-51905, Japanese Patent Publication No. 47-28067, Japanese Patent Publication No. 49-83767, Japanese Patent Publication No. 51-41770.
- the method disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 51-131576 can be used.
- the object to be treated to corona treatment it is modified to an activated surface, the surface wettability with the matrix resin is greatly improved, and strong adhesion can be realized.
- Surface treatment by blasting includes a wet method and a dry method, and is performed by spraying a fine projection material mixed in water or a compressed air stream onto the surface of the object to be treated.
- (G) and (H ) Is a treatment method preferably used for conductive fibers. Thereby, the surface area is expanded by forming fine irregularities on the surface, and the adhesive force between the matrix resin and the object to be processed can be increased.
- the type of the projecting material include glass beads, silicic anhydride, alumina, diamond, bengara and the like.
- the particle diameter of the projection material is often used at about 100 to 5000 ⁇ m. Generally, it is possible to perform surface treatment to an optimum surface roughness by setting the type, particle size, and jetting pressure of the projection material according to the purpose.
- the thermosetting resin composition used in the present invention preferably further includes second conductive particles (I) having an average particle diameter of 1 ⁇ m or less.
- the same material as (G) can be used for the material of the second conductive particles (I).
- the second conductive particles (I) are coated with conductive particles such as metal particles, conductive polymers such as polyacetylene particles, carbon particles, and inorganic materials.
- conductive particles such as metal particles, conductive polymers such as polyacetylene particles, carbon particles, and inorganic materials.
- carbon particles and particles in which the core of an inorganic material is coated with a conductive material, and particles in which the core of an organic material is coated with a conductive material are preferable due to high conductivity and long-term storage stability. is there.
- carbon black such as channel black, thermal black, acetylene black, furnace black and ketjen black can be mentioned.
- the average particle diameter of the second conductive particles (I) is preferably 1 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or less. When the average particle diameter of the second conductive particles (I) is small, the effect of efficiently dispersing between the carbon fibers and improving the conductivity of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material can be obtained.
- the particle size of the second conductive particles (I) is preferably 0.01 ⁇ m or more.
- the blending ratio of the second conductive particles (I) of the present invention is preferably 0.05 to 3% by mass, more preferably 0.3 to 1.5% by mass with respect to 100% by mass of the thermosetting resin composition. %. If the blending ratio of the second conductive particles (I) is too high, the viscosity of the thermosetting resin composition increases and it may be difficult to produce a prepreg. If the blending ratio of the second conductive particles (I) is too low, the effect of improving the conductivity of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material obtained may be small.
- thermosetting resin composition used in the present invention contains insoluble rubber particles such as thermosetting resin particles and core-shell rubber particles, or inorganic fillers such as silica gel, nano silica, and clay within a range that does not interfere with the effects of the present invention. be able to.
- the prepreg of the present invention is further provided with conductive particles or fibers (in the laminated interlayer portion made of a thermosetting resin (D) containing thermoplastic resin particles or fibers (F), etc., existing between carbon fiber layers.
- conductive particles or fibers in the laminated interlayer portion made of a thermosetting resin (D) containing thermoplastic resin particles or fibers (F), etc., existing between carbon fiber layers.
- a prepreg is a molded intermediate base material in which a reinforcing fiber is impregnated with a matrix resin.
- carbon fiber is used as the reinforcing fiber
- a thermosetting resin composition is used as the matrix resin.
- the thermosetting resin (D) in the thermosetting resin composition is in an uncured state, and a carbon fiber reinforced composite material is obtained by laminating and curing the prepreg.
- a carbon fiber reinforced composite material can be obtained even if the prepreg monolayer is cured.
- the surface portion of the prepreg becomes a laminated interlayer portion of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material, and the inside of the prepreg is inside the laminated layer of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material.
- the prepreg of the present invention can be produced by applying a known method as disclosed in JP-A-1-26651, JP-A-63-170427, or JP-A-63-170428. .
- the prepreg of the present invention is obtained by impregnating a sizing agent-coated carbon fiber bundle with a thermosetting resin composition that is a matrix resin.
- the prepreg can be produced, for example, by a method such as a wet method in which a thermosetting resin composition is dissolved in a solvent such as methyl ethyl ketone or methanol to lower the viscosity and impregnated, or a hot melt method in which the viscosity is lowered by heating and impregnated. it can.
- the sizing agent-coated carbon fiber bundle is immersed in a liquid containing the thermosetting resin composition, and then the prepreg can be obtained by pulling up and evaporating the solvent using an oven or the like.
- thermosetting resin composition whose viscosity has been reduced by heating, or a film once coated with a thermosetting resin composition on release paper or the like Is prepared, and then the film is laminated from both sides or one side of the sizing agent-coated carbon fiber bundle, and a prepreg is produced by a method in which the sizing agent-coated carbon fiber bundle is impregnated with the thermosetting resin composition by heating and pressing.
- the hot melt method is a preferable means because there is no solvent remaining in the prepreg.
- the carbon fiber mass fraction of the prepreg of the present invention is preferably 40 to 90% by mass, more preferably 50 to 80% by mass. If the carbon fiber mass fraction is too low, the mass of the resulting carbon fiber reinforced composite material becomes excessive, and the advantages of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material having excellent specific strength and specific elastic modulus may be impaired. When the fraction is too high, poor impregnation of the thermosetting resin composition occurs, and the resulting carbon fiber reinforced composite material tends to have a lot of voids, and its mechanical properties may be greatly deteriorated.
- thermoplastic resin particles or fibers (F), conductive particles or fibers (G), and conductive particles or fibers in which the core or core of the thermoplastic resin is coated with a conductive material are localized on the surface portion of the prepreg.
- a layer hereinafter, sometimes referred to as an interlayer forming layer
- the particles (F), (G), and (H) or fibers are localized between the carbon fiber layers.
- Layer is formed, whereby the toughness between the carbon fiber layers is increased, and the particles or fibers of (G) and (H) included in the interlayer formation layer form a conductive path between the carbon fiber layers.
- the carbon fiber reinforced composite material obtained exhibits high impact resistance and conductivity.
- FIG. 1 is an example of a cross-sectional view of a typical prepreg of the present invention.
- the prepreg of the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to FIG.
- the prepreg 100 of the present invention has a carbon fiber layer 10 mainly composed of carbon fibers 1 and a thermosetting resin (epoxy resin) 2, and carbon fibers are included in the surface layers of both main surfaces S 1 and S 2 of the prepreg.
- An interlayer forming layer 50 is provided.
- the interlayer formation layer 50 includes a thermosetting resin 2, thermoplastic resin particles 3, and conductive particles 4.
- the toughness between the carbon fiber layers 10 is enhanced, and the conductive particles 4 included in the interlayer formation layer 50 can form a conductive path between the carbon fiber layers 10, so that the present invention.
- High impact resistance and electrical conductivity are expressed in the carbon fiber reinforced composite material obtained by curing the prepreg 100.
- the interlayer forming layer 50 is present in a range of a depth of 20%, more preferably 10% from the surface of at least one side of the prepreg with respect to the thickness of the prepreg 100 of 100%. preferable. Moreover, it is preferable that the interlayer formation layer 50 exists on both front and back surfaces of the prepreg 100 from the viewpoint of improving convenience when manufacturing the carbon fiber reinforced composite material.
- the particles or fibers (F), (G), and (H) are localized in the interlayer forming layer 50 in an amount of 90 to 100% by mass, preferably 95 to 100% by mass, based on the total amount of each. It is preferable.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a prepreg according to a modification of the present invention.
- the carbon fiber layer 10 is mainly composed of carbon fibers 1, a thermosetting resin (epoxy resin) 2, and second conductive particles 41.
- the second conductive particles 41 have a particle size of 1 ⁇ m or less.
- the second conductive particles 41 are 90 to 100% by mass with respect to the total amount of the mixed second conductive particles 41 in the thickness direction of the carbon fiber layer 10, that is, the prepreg 200, from both main surfaces S1 and S2. It is preferable that the carbon fiber 1 located at the closest position is localized inside. Preferably, 95 to 100% by mass is localized in the carbon fiber layer 10.
- the prepreg 200 preferably includes an epoxy resin (D), a latent curing agent (E), and second conductive particles 41 in a plurality of carbon fibers 1 arranged in a sheet shape.
- a step of providing a resin layer is provided.
- the first resin and the second resin can be prepared by an ordinary method in which the respective components are mixed and kneaded.
- the components other than the particles (F), (G), (H), and (G) and the mixing ratio may be the same or different from each other. Good.
- the primary prepreg includes, for example, a step of forming a first resin film by coating a first resin on a base material such as a release paper, and a plurality of carbons in which the first resin film is aligned in a sheet shape. And a method of impregnating the carbon fiber with the first resin by applying to both sides or one side of the fiber and heating and pressing.
- the second resin layer (mainly an interlayer forming layer) includes, for example, a step of coating the second resin on a base material such as a release paper to form a second resin film, and a second resin film Is attached to one side or both sides of the primary prepreg.
- the second conductive particles 41 are not limited to this, It can mix
- the second conductive particles 41 in the carbon fiber layer 10 can form a conductive path with the carbon fiber 1, and the second conductive particles 41 in the interlayer formation layer 50 have a plurality of second conductive particles. It becomes possible to make a conductive path between the particle 41 and the carbon fiber 1, and to make a conductive path between the conductive particle 4, the second conductive particle 41, and the carbon fiber 1.
- the second conductive particles 41 are not mainly blended in the carbon fiber layer 10 but are 90 to 100 mass% with respect to the total amount of the second conductive particles 41. , And can be blended in the interlayer formation layer 50. Preferably, 95 to 100 mass% can be blended in the interlayer formation layer 50.
- the second conductive particles 41 in the interlayer formation layer 50 can form a conductive path between the plurality of second conductive particles 41 and the carbon fiber 1, and the conductive particles 4 and the second conductive particles. It is possible to make a conductive path between 41 and the carbon fiber 1. Thereby, the effect that the electroconductivity of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material obtained improves is acquired.
- the thickness of the interlayer forming layer with respect to the prepreg, and the abundance of the particles (F), (G), and (H) contained in the interlayer forming layer are evaluated by the following method, for example. be able to.
- the thickness of the interlayer forming layer relative to the prepreg is determined by sandwiching a plurality of laminated prepregs between two smooth polytetrafluoroethylene resin plates on the surface, and gradually increasing the temperature to the curing temperature over 7 days. To form a plate-like prepreg cured product. The cured prepreg is used to enlarge the cross section and take a picture. Using this cross-sectional photograph, the thickness of the interlayer forming layer with respect to the prepreg is measured.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a cross-sectional photograph of a cured prepreg obtained by laminating and curing prepregs. Specifically, on the photograph as shown in FIG. 3, at least 10 interlayer formation layers 50 between the carbon fiber layers 10 are arbitrarily selected, the thicknesses are measured, and the average of the interlayer formation layers 50 is determined. Thickness.
- the abundance ratio of the particles (F), (G), and (H) contained in the interlayer forming layer is determined by sandwiching a prepreg single layer between two smooth polytetrafluoroethylene resin plates on the surface.
- a plate-shaped prepreg cured product is produced by causing the temperature to gradually increase to the curing temperature over 7 days to cause gelation and curing.
- Two lines parallel to the surface of the prepreg are drawn on both surfaces of the prepreg cured product from the surface of the prepreg cured product at a depth of 20% of the thickness.
- the total area of the particles or fibers existing between the surface of the prepreg and the line and the total area of the particles or fibers existing over the thickness of the prepreg are obtained, and the thickness of the prepreg is 100%.
- the abundance ratio of particles or fibers existing in a range of 20% depth from the surface of the prepreg is calculated.
- the total area of the particles or fibers is obtained by cutting out the particles or fiber portions from the cross-sectional photograph and converting from the mass. If it is difficult to discriminate the particles dispersed in the resin after photography, a means for dyeing the particles can also be employed.
- thermoplastic resin particles or fibers (F), conductive particles or fibers (G), and conductive particles or fibers in which the core or core of the thermoplastic resin is coated with a conductive material are preferably in the range of 20% by mass or less with respect to the prepreg.
- the total amount of the particles or fibers of (F), (G), and (H) exceeds 20% by mass with respect to the prepreg, it becomes difficult to mix with the base resin, and the prepreg tack and drape properties are reduced. May decrease.
- the total amount of the particles or fibers of (F), (G), and (H) is 20% by mass or less based on the prepreg. It is preferable that there is, more preferably 15% by mass or less. In order to further improve the handling of the prepreg, the content is more preferably 10% by mass or less.
- the total amount of the particles or fibers of (F), (G), and (H) is preferably 1% by mass or more, more preferably 2% by mass with respect to the prepreg in order to obtain high impact resistance and conductivity. % Or more.
- the carbon fiber reinforced composite material of the present invention has a laminated structure including two or more prepregs of the present invention.
- the carbon fiber reinforced composite material may include a layer derived from a prepreg other than the prepreg of the present invention, but is preferably composed only of the prepreg of the present invention.
- the “prepreg of the present invention” contained in the carbon fiber composite reinforcing material includes a prepreg obtained by the production method of the present invention.
- the carbon fiber reinforced composite material includes a step of forming a laminate including two or more prepregs of the present invention, and heating and pressurizing the laminate to cure the first resin and the second resin in the laminate. It can manufacture by the method which has a process. In the laminate, at least two of the two or more prepregs of the present invention are laminated at adjacent positions.
- thermosetting resin in order to form a carbon fiber reinforced composite material using the prepreg of the present invention, a method of heat-curing a thermosetting resin while applying pressure to the laminate after lamination of the prepreg can be used.
- Examples of methods for applying heat and pressure include a press molding method, an autoclave molding method, a bagging molding method, a wrapping tape method, and an internal pressure molding method. Especially for sporting goods, the wrapping tape method and the internal pressure molding method are preferably employed.
- the autoclave molding method is preferably employed.
- a press molding method is preferably used for various vehicle exteriors.
- a method for obtaining a carbon fiber reinforced composite material in the present invention in addition to a method using a prepreg, hand layup, RTM, “SCRIMP” (registered trademark), filament winding, pultrusion, and resin film infusion.
- the molding method such as can be selected and applied according to the purpose. By applying any of these molding methods, a carbon fiber reinforced composite material containing the above-described sizing agent-coated carbon fiber and a cured product of the thermosetting resin composition can be obtained.
- the carbon fiber reinforced composite material of the present invention is used for computer structures such as aircraft structural members, windmill blades, automobile outer plates, IC trays and notebook PC housings, and golf shafts, bats, badminton, tennis rackets, etc. It is preferably used for sports applications.
- the production environment and evaluation of the prepregs of the following examples are performed in an atmosphere at a temperature of 25 ° C. ⁇ 2 ° C. and 50% RH (relative humidity) unless otherwise specified.
- (1) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of sizing agent-coated carbon fiber sizing agent surface the peak ratio of (a) and (b) on the sizing agent-coated carbon fiber sizing agent surface is determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Determined according to the following procedure. Sizing agent coated carbon fiber was cut to 20 mm, spread and arranged on a copper sample support, and AlK ⁇ 1 and 2 were used as the X-ray source, and the sample chamber was kept at 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 8 Torr and photoelectron escape Measurements were made at an angle of 15 °.
- the binding energy value of the main peak of C 1s was adjusted to 286.1 eV.
- the peak area of C 1s was obtained by drawing a straight baseline in the range of 282 to 296 eV.
- a linear base line of 282 to 296 eV obtained by calculating the area at the C 1s peak is defined as the origin (zero point) of photoelectron intensity, and (b) the peak of the binding energy 286.1 eV attributed to the CO component is obtained.
- the peak of (a) is larger than that of (b)
- the C 1s peak does not fall within the range of 282 to 296 eV when the binding energy value of the main peak of C 1s is adjusted to 286.1.
- (a) / (b) was calculated by the above method.
- the peak ratio of (a) and (b) on the sizing agent-coated carbon fiber surface is determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was determined according to the following procedure. The sizing agent-coated carbon fiber and the sizing agent-coated carbon fiber washed with the sizing agent are cut to 20 mm, spread and arranged on a copper sample support, and then Saga synchroton radiation is used as an X-ray source, and the excitation energy is 400 eV. It carried out in. The measurement was performed while keeping the inside of the sample chamber at 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 8 Torr.
- the photoelectron escape angle was 55 °.
- the binding energy value of the main peak of C 1s was adjusted to 286.1 eV.
- the peak area of C 1s was obtained by drawing a straight baseline in the range of 282 to 296 eV.
- a linear base line of 282 to 296 eV obtained by calculating the area at the C 1s peak is defined as the origin (zero point) of photoelectron intensity, and (b) the peak of the binding energy 286.1 eV attributed to the CO component is obtained.
- the surface oxygen concentration (O / C) of the carbon fiber was determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy according to the following procedure. First, the carbon fiber from which the dirt adhering to the surface with a solvent is removed is cut to about 20 mm and spread on a copper sample support. Next, the sample support was set in the sample chamber, and the inside of the sample chamber was kept at 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 8 Torr. Subsequently, AlK ⁇ 1 and 2 were used as an X-ray source, and measurement was performed with a photoelectron escape angle of 90 °.
- the binding energy value of the C 1s main peak was adjusted to 284.6 eV as a correction value for the peak accompanying charging during measurement.
- the C 1s main area was determined by drawing a straight base line in the range of 282 to 296 eV.
- the O 1s peak area was determined by drawing a straight base line in the range of 528 to 540 eV.
- the surface oxygen concentration is calculated as an atomic ratio by using a sensitivity correction value unique to the apparatus from the ratio of the O 1s peak area to the C 1s peak area.
- ESCA-1600 manufactured by ULVAC-PHI Co., Ltd. was used, and the sensitivity correction value unique to the apparatus was 2.33.
- the surface hydroxyl group concentration (COH / C) was determined by chemical modification X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy according to the following procedure.
- the carbon fiber bundles from which the sizing agent and the like have been removed with a solvent are cut, spread and arranged on a platinum sample support, and 10% at room temperature in dry nitrogen gas containing 0.04 mol / L of anhydrous trifluoride acetic acid gas.
- the photoelectron escape angle was mounted at 35 ° on an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer, AlK ⁇ 1,2 was used as the X-ray source, and the inside of the sample chamber was adjusted to a vacuum of 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 8 Torr. keep.
- the binding energy value of the main peak of C 1s is adjusted to 284.6 eV.
- the C 1s peak area [C 1s ] is obtained by drawing a straight base line in the range of 282 to 296 eV
- the F 1s peak area [F 1s ] is obtained by drawing a straight base line in the range of 682 to 695 eV. Asked.
- reaction rate r was calculated
- the surface hydroxyl group concentration (COH / C) was represented by the value calculated by the following formula.
- COH / C ⁇ [F 1s ] / (3k [C 1s ] ⁇ 2 [F 1s ]) r ⁇ ⁇ 100 (%)
- k is a sensitivity correction value of the F 1s peak area with respect to the C 1s peak area unique to the apparatus, and the sensitivity correction value specific to the apparatus in the model SSX-100-206 manufactured by SSI of the United States was 3.919. .
- the surface carboxyl group concentration (COOH / C) was determined by chemical modification X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy according to the following procedure. First, carbon fiber bundles from which the sizing agent and the like have been removed with a solvent are cut and spread and arranged on a platinum sample support, and 0.02 mol / L trifluorinated ethanol gas and 0.001 mol / L dicyclohexylcarbodiimide gas. And a chemical modification treatment in an air containing 0.04 mol / L pyridine gas at 60 ° C.
- the binding energy value of the main peak of C 1s is adjusted to 284.6 eV.
- the C 1s peak area [C 1s ] is obtained by drawing a straight base line in the range of 282 to 296 eV, and the F 1s peak area [F 1s ] is obtained by drawing a straight base line in the range of 682 to 695 eV. Asked.
- reaction rate r was determined from the C 1s peak splitting of the polyacrylic acid chemically modified, and the residual rate m of the dicyclohexylcarbodiimide derivative was determined from the O 1s peak splitting.
- the surface carboxyl group concentration COOH / C was represented by the value calculated by the following formula.
- Epoxy equivalent of the sizing agent, epoxy equivalent of the sizing agent applied to the carbon fiber The epoxy equivalent of the sizing agent is obtained by dissolving the sizing agent from which the solvent has been removed in N, N-dimethylformamide and removing the epoxy group with hydrochloric acid. The ring was opened and determined by acid-base titration. The epoxy equivalent of the sizing agent applied to the carbon fiber is determined by immersing the sizing agent-coated carbon fiber in N, N-dimethylformamide and elution from the fiber by ultrasonic cleaning, and then opening the epoxy group with hydrochloric acid. Ringed and determined by acid-base titration.
- the straight line equidistant from the extended straight line of each baseline in the vertical axis direction and the curve of the step change portion of the glass transition intersect.
- the temperature at the point was taken as the glass transition temperature.
- the glass transition temperature was measured by the method described above, and the rising temperature from the initial stage was taken as the rising temperature of the glass transition point ( “ ⁇ Tg with curing agent” in the table corresponds to that).
- a value obtained by converting this sizing adhesion amount into an amount with respect to 100 parts by mass of the carbon fiber bundle (rounded off to the third decimal place) was defined as a mass part of the adhering sizing agent.
- the measurement was performed twice, and the average value was defined as the mass part of the sizing agent.
- IFSS interfacial shear strength
- Interfacial shear strength IFSS (MPa) ⁇ (MPa) ⁇ d ( ⁇ m) / (2 ⁇ lc) ( ⁇ m)
- the test piece thus obtained was subjected to a tensile test at a crosshead speed of 1.27 mm / min using an Instron universal testing machine.
- the value obtained by dividing the value of the 0 ° tensile strength by the value of the strand strength obtained in (B) was obtained as the strength utilization rate (%), and the following formula was obtained.
- two lines parallel to the surface of the prepreg are drawn from the surface of the prepreg at a depth of 20% of the thickness.
- the total area of the particles existing between the surface of the prepreg and the line and the total area of the particles existing over the thickness of the prepreg are obtained, and from the surface of the prepreg with respect to 100% of the thickness of the prepreg.
- the abundance of particles present in the 20% depth range was calculated.
- the total area of the fine particles was obtained by cutting out the particle portion from the cross-sectional photograph and converting it from the mass.
- a sample 150 mm long x 100 mm wide (thickness 4.5 mm) is cut out from this pseudo-isotropic material, and a falling weight impact of 6.7 J / mm is applied to the center of the sample according to SACMA SRM 2R-94, and compression is performed after the impact. The strength was determined.
- Epoxy group number 4 Number of hydroxyl groups: 2 A-3: “Denacol (registered trademark)” EX-521 (manufactured by Nagase ChemteX Corporation) Polyglycerin polyglycidyl ether Epoxy equivalent: 183 g / eq. Epoxy group number: 3 or more
- Epoxy resin component D-1, D-2 D-1: Bisphenol A type epoxy resin, “Epicoat (registered trademark)” 825 (manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin Co., Ltd.) D-2: Tetraglycidyldiaminodiphenylmethane, ELM434 (manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.)
- F Thermoplastic resin particles or fibers: F-1 to F-3
- F-1 Nylon 12 particles SP-10 (manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc., shape: true sphere, average particle size: 10.2 ⁇ m
- F-2 Epoxy-modified nylon particles A obtained by the following production method 90 parts by weight of transparent polyamide (trade name “Grillamide (registered trademark)”-TR55, manufactured by Mzavelke), epoxy resin (trade name “Epicoat (registered trademark)” 828, manufactured by Yuka Shell Co., Ltd.) 7.5 Part by weight and 2.5 parts by weight of a curing agent (trade name “Tomide (registered trademark)” # 296, manufactured by Fuji Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) are added to a mixed solvent of 300 parts by weight of chloroform and 100 parts by weight of methanol A homogeneous solution was obtained.
- transparent polyamide trade name “Grillamide (registered trademark)”-TR55, manufactured by Mzavelke
- epoxy resin trade name “Epico
- the obtained uniform solution was atomized using a spray gun for coating, stirred well, and sprayed toward the liquid surface of 3000 parts by weight of n-hexane to precipitate a solute.
- the precipitated solid was separated by filtration and washed well with n-hexane, followed by vacuum drying at a temperature of 100 ° C. for 24 hours to obtain true spherical epoxy-modified nylon particles A.
- the G 1c value measured by the compact tension method based on ASTM D 5045-96 was 4420 J / m 2 .
- the average particle size was 12.5 ⁇ m.
- TR-55 short fiber obtained by the following manufacturing method Fiber of transparent polyamide (trade name “Grillamide (registered trademark)” TR55, manufactured by Mzavelke Co., Ltd.) discharged from a mouthpiece having one orifice Cut to obtain TR-55 short fibers (fiber length: 1 mm) having a perfect cross-sectional shape. After TR-55 was press-molded into a resin plate, the G 1c value measured by the compact tension method based on ASTM D 5045-96 was 4540 J / m 2 . The average fiber diameter was 5.4 ⁇ m.
- G Conductive particles or fibers
- G-1 to G-7 G-1: Particles obtained by plating nickel on divinylbenzene polymer particles and further plating gold thereon
- "Micropearl (registered trademark)" AU215 manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd., shape: true sphere, specific gravity: 1.8 g) / Cm 3 , conductive layer thickness: 110 nm, [nuclear volume] / [conductive layer volume]: 22.8, average particle size: 15.5 ⁇ m, volume resistivity: 1.4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 ⁇ cm
- G-2 Particles obtained by plating nickel on divinylbenzene polymer particles and further plating gold thereon, “Micropearl (registered trademark)” AU225 (manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd., shape: true sphere, specific gravity: 2.4 g) / Cm 3 , conductive layer thickness: 200 nm, [nuclear volume
- G-5 Conductive particles A obtained by the following production method 100 g of epoxy-modified nylon particles A was added to 1000 ml of electroless copper plating solution MK-430 (Muromachi Chemical Co., Ltd.), and then plated at 45 ° C. for 45 minutes to produce conductive particles E.
- the shape of the conductive particles E was a true sphere, the specific gravity was 1.4 g / cm 3 , the thickness of the conductive layer was 120 nm, and [volume of nucleus] / [volume of conductive layer] was 17.0.
- the average particle size was 12.7 ⁇ m.
- the volume resistivity was 4.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ cm.
- the conductive particles A are conductive particles or fibers (G), and correspond to conductive particles or fibers (H) in which the core or core of a thermoplastic resin is coated with a conductive substance.
- G-6 “Micropearl (registered trademark)” AU215 surface-treated particles B obtained by the following production method 2 parts by weight of 3- (phenylamino) propyltrimethoxysilane is sprayed on 100 parts by weight of “Micropearl (registered trademark)” AU215 while stirring with a mixer, and then heat-treated at 100 ° C. for 12 hours. ) "Surface treatment I of AU215 was obtained.” The average particle size was 15.5 ⁇ m. The volume resistivity was 1.4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 ⁇ cm.
- G-7 “Torayca®” milled fiber MLD-30 (manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc., cross-sectional shape: perfect circle, specific gravity: 1.8 g / cm 3 , fiber length 30 ⁇ m, volume ratio: 7.2 ⁇ m, volume Specific resistance: 6.6 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 ⁇ cm)
- thermoplastic resin Polyethersulfone having a hydroxyl group at the terminal “SUMICA EXCEL (registered trademark)” PES5003P (manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.)
- Example 1 This example comprises the following I step, II step and III step.
- -Step I Process for producing carbon fiber as raw material A copolymer composed of 99 mol% of acrylonitrile and 1 mol% of itaconic acid is spun and fired, the total number of filaments is 24,000, the total fineness is 1,000 tex, A carbon fiber having a specific gravity of 1.8, a strand tensile strength of 5.9 GPa, and a strand tensile elastic modulus of 295 GPa was obtained.
- the carbon fiber was subjected to electrolytic surface treatment with an aqueous solution of ammonium hydrogen carbonate having a concentration of 0.1 mol / L as an electrolytic solution at an electric quantity of 80 coulomb per gram of carbon fiber.
- the carbon fiber subjected to the electrolytic surface treatment was subsequently washed with water and dried in heated air at a temperature of 150 ° C. to obtain a carbon fiber as a raw material.
- the surface oxygen concentration O / C was 0.15
- the surface carboxylic acid concentration COOH / C was 0.005
- the surface hydroxyl group concentration COH / C was 0.018. This was designated as carbon fiber A.
- Step II Step of attaching sizing agent to carbon fiber (B1)
- an aqueous dispersion emulsion comprising 20 parts by weight of (B-1), 20 parts by weight of component (C) and 10 parts by weight of an emulsifier was prepared. Thereafter, 50 parts by mass of (A-3) as component (A) was mixed to prepare a sizing solution.
- component (C) 2 mol of EO 2 mol adduct of bisphenol A, 1.5 mol of maleic acid, 0.5 mol of sebacic acid, and polyoxyethylene (70 mol) styrenated (5 mol) cumylphenol were used as emulsifiers. .
- (C) component and an emulsifier are both aromatic compounds, and will also correspond to (B) component.
- Table 1 shows the epoxy equivalent of the sizing agent excluding the solvent in the sizing solution. After this sizing agent was applied to the carbon fiber surface-treated by the dipping method, heat treatment was performed at a temperature of 210 ° C. for 75 seconds to obtain a sizing agent-coated carbon fiber bundle. The adhesion amount of the sizing agent was adjusted to be 1.0 part by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the surface-treated carbon fiber.
- Step III Production, molding and evaluation of unidirectional prepreg
- a kneading apparatus 40 parts by mass of (D-1) and 40 parts by mass of (D-2) as thermosetting resin (D) component
- D thermosetting resin
- D thermosetting resin
- PES5003P thermoplastic resin
- E latent curing agent
- the obtained primary resin composition was coated on a release paper with a resin basis weight of 32 g / m 2 using a knife coater to prepare a primary resin film.
- a thermosetting resin composition is used while heating and pressurizing at 100 ° C. and 1 atm using a heat roll by superimposing the primary resin film on both sides of a sizing agent-coated carbon fiber (weight per unit area 190 g / m 2 ) aligned in one direction.
- the product was impregnated to obtain a primary prepreg.
- (F-2) and conductive particles (G) as thermoplastic resin particles (F) so that the thermosetting resin composition of the final prepreg for carbon fiber reinforced composite material has the blending amount shown in Table 1.
- a secondary resin film As a secondary resin film, a secondary resin composition prepared by adding (G-3) as above was coated on a release paper at a resin basis weight of 20 g / m 2 using a knife coater. This secondary resin film is superimposed on both sides of the primary prepreg, and heat rolls are used to impregnate the thermosetting resin composition for carbon fiber reinforced composite material while heating and pressurizing at 100 ° C. and 1 atm. Obtained.
- the 0 ° tensile strength measurement of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material and the 0 ° tensile test after long-term storage the compression strength measurement after impact of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material, and the volume resistivity were measured. The results are shown in Table 1. It was found that the initial 0 ° tensile strength utilization rate and compressive strength after impact were sufficiently high and the volume resistivity was sufficiently low. It was also confirmed that the decrease in the tensile strength utilization rate after 20 days was small.
- Example 2 to 8 Step of producing carbon fiber as raw material The same as in Example 1.
- Step II Step of attaching sizing agent to carbon fiber Sizing agent-coated carbon in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the components (A) and (B1) shown in Table 1 were used as the sizing agent. Fiber was obtained. Subsequently, the epoxy equivalent of the sizing agent, the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement of the sizing agent surface, the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of the sizing agent-coated carbon fiber, and ⁇ Tg were measured.
- IFSS interfacial shear strength
- Step III Production, molding and evaluation of unidirectional prepreg A prepreg was produced, molded and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. It was found that the initial 0 ° tensile strength utilization rate and compressive strength after impact were sufficiently high and the volume resistivity was sufficiently low. It was also confirmed that the decrease in the tensile strength utilization rate after 20 days was small.
- Step II Step of attaching sizing agent to carbon fiber Sizing agent-coated carbon fiber was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the mass ratio shown in Table 2 was used as the sizing agent. Subsequently, the epoxy equivalent of the sizing agent, the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement of the sizing agent surface, the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of the sizing agent-coated carbon fiber, and ⁇ Tg were measured.
- IFSS interfacial shear strength
- Step III Production, molding and evaluation of unidirectional prepreg A prepreg was produced, molded and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. It was found that the initial 0 ° tensile strength utilization rate and compressive strength after impact were sufficiently high and the volume resistivity was sufficiently low. It was also confirmed that the decrease in the tensile strength utilization rate after 20 days was small. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 14 Step of producing carbon fiber as raw material The same as in Example 1.
- Step II Step of attaching a sizing agent to carbon fiber
- A As component (A-3) 55 parts by mass, (B1) component (B-2) 22.5 parts by mass, (C) The component was dissolved in 22.5 parts by mass in DMF to prepare a sizing solution.
- component (C) As the component (C), a condensate of 2 mol of an EO2 mol adduct of bisphenol A, 1.5 mol of maleic acid and 0.5 mol of sebacic acid was used.
- Table 2 shows the epoxy equivalent of the sizing agent excluding the solution in the sizing solution.
- this sizing agent was applied to the carbon fiber surface-treated by the dipping method, and then heat treated at a temperature of 210 ° C. for 75 seconds to obtain a sizing agent-coated carbon fiber bundle.
- the adhesion amount of the sizing agent was adjusted to be 1.0 part by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the surface-treated carbon fiber.
- the epoxy equivalent of the sizing agent, the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement of the sizing agent surface, the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of the sizing agent-coated carbon fiber, and ⁇ Tg were measured.
- Step III Production, molding and evaluation of unidirectional prepreg A prepreg was produced, molded and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. It was found that the initial 0 ° tensile strength utilization rate and compressive strength after impact were sufficiently high and the volume resistivity was sufficiently low. It was also confirmed that the decrease in the tensile strength utilization rate after 20 days was small. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 15 Step of producing carbon fiber as raw material The same as in Example 1.
- Step II Step of attaching sizing agent to carbon fiber (A) 60 parts by mass of (A-3) as component, 40 parts by mass of (B-2) as component (B1), dissolved in DMF
- a sizing solution was prepared.
- Table 2 shows the epoxy equivalent of the sizing agent excluding the solution in the sizing solution.
- this sizing agent was applied to the carbon fiber surface-treated by the dipping method, and then heat treated at a temperature of 210 ° C. for 75 seconds to obtain a sizing agent-coated carbon fiber bundle.
- the adhesion amount of the sizing agent was adjusted to be 1.0 part by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the surface-treated carbon fiber. Subsequently, the epoxy equivalent of the sizing agent, the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement of the sizing agent surface, the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of the sizing agent-coated carbon fiber, and ⁇ Tg were measured. As a result, as shown in Table 2, it was confirmed that the epoxy equivalent of the sizing agent, the chemical composition of the sizing agent surface, and ⁇ Tg were as expected. Moreover, it turned out that the adhesiveness measured by IFSS is also high enough.
- Step III Production, molding and evaluation of unidirectional prepreg A prepreg was produced, molded and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. It was confirmed that the initial 0 ° tensile strength utilization rate and the compressive strength after impact were sufficiently high, and the decrease in the tensile strength utilization rate after 20 days was small. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 16 to 23 Step of producing carbon fiber as raw material The same as in Example 1.
- -Step II Step of attaching a unidirectional sizing agent to carbon fibers Sizing agent-coated carbon fibers Sizing agent-coated carbon fibers were obtained in the same manner as in Example 2. Subsequently, the epoxy equivalent of the sizing agent, the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement of the sizing agent surface, the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of the sizing agent-coated carbon fiber, and ⁇ Tg were measured. The epoxy equivalent of the sizing agent, the chemical composition of the sizing agent surface, and ⁇ Tg were as expected, and the adhesiveness measured by IFSS was at a level with no problem. The results are shown in Table 3.
- Step III Preparation, molding, evaluation of unidirectional prepreg As thermoplastic resin particles (F) and conductive particles or fibers (G), except that the components shown in Table 3 were blended in the proportions shown in Table 3, A target prepreg was produced in the same manner as in Example 1. Using the obtained prepreg, the 0 ° tensile strength measurement of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material and the 0 ° tensile test after long-term storage, the compression strength measurement after impact of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material, and the volume resistivity were measured. The results are shown in Table 3. It was found that the initial 0 ° tensile strength utilization rate and compressive strength after impact were sufficiently high and the volume resistivity was sufficiently low. It was also confirmed that the decrease in the tensile strength utilization rate after 20 days was small.
- Step I Step of producing carbon fiber as raw material The same as in Example 1.
- Step II Step of attaching sizing agent to carbon fiber Sizing agent-coated carbon fiber was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2. Subsequently, the epoxy equivalent of the sizing agent, the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement of the sizing agent surface, the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of the sizing agent-coated carbon fiber, and ⁇ Tg were measured. The epoxy equivalent of the sizing agent, the chemical composition of the sizing agent surface, and ⁇ Tg were as expected, and the adhesiveness measured by IFSS was at a level with no problem. The results are shown in Table 4.
- Step III Preparation, molding and evaluation of prepreg Thermoplastic resin particles (F) and conductive particles or fibers (G), or conductive particles (H) in which the core of the thermoplastic resin is coated with a conductive material
- the target prepreg was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the components shown in Table 4 were blended in the proportions shown in Table 4.
- the 0 ° tensile strength measurement of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material and the 0 ° tensile test after long-term storage the compression strength measurement after impact of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material, and the volume resistivity were measured.
- Table 4 It was found that the initial 0 ° tensile strength utilization rate and compressive strength after impact were sufficiently high and the volume resistivity was sufficiently low. It was also confirmed that the decrease in the tensile strength utilization rate after 20 days was small.
- Example 29 Step of producing carbon fiber as raw material The same as in Example 1.
- Step II Step of attaching sizing agent to carbon fiber Sizing agent-coated carbon fiber was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2. Subsequently, the epoxy equivalent of the sizing agent, the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement of the sizing agent surface, the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of the sizing agent-coated carbon fiber, and ⁇ Tg were measured. The epoxy equivalent of the sizing agent, the chemical composition of the sizing agent surface, and ⁇ Tg were as expected, and the adhesiveness measured by IFSS was at a level with no problem. The results are shown in Table 4.
- Step III Production, molding and evaluation of unidirectional prepreg
- a kneading apparatus 50 parts by mass of (D-1) and 50 parts by mass of (D-2) as the thermosetting resin (D) component
- D thermosetting resin
- D-2 thermosetting resin
- E latent curing agent
- E- 1 40 parts by mass of 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone was kneaded to prepare a primary resin composition excluding thermoplastic resin particles (F) and conductive particles (G).
- the obtained primary resin composition was coated on a release paper with a resin basis weight of 32 g / m 2 using a knife coater to prepare a primary resin film.
- a thermosetting resin composition is used while heating and pressurizing at 100 ° C. and 1 atm using a heat roll by superimposing the primary resin film on both sides of a sizing agent-coated carbon fiber (weight per unit area 190 g / m 2 ) aligned in one direction.
- the product was impregnated to obtain a primary prepreg.
- (F-1) and conductive particles (G) as thermoplastic resin particles (F) so that the thermosetting resin composition of the final prepreg for carbon fiber reinforced composite material has the blending amount shown in Table 1.
- a secondary resin film As a secondary resin film, a secondary resin composition prepared by adding (G-3) as above was coated on a release paper at a resin basis weight of 20 g / m 2 using a knife coater. This secondary resin film is superimposed on both sides of the primary prepreg, and heat rolls are used to impregnate the thermosetting resin composition for carbon fiber reinforced composite material while heating and pressurizing at 100 ° C. and 1 atm. Obtained.
- the 0 ° tensile strength measurement of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material and the 0 ° tensile test after long-term storage the compression strength measurement after impact of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material, and the volume resistivity were measured. The results are shown in Table 4. It was found that the initial 0 ° tensile strength utilization rate and compressive strength after impact were sufficiently high and the volume resistivity was sufficiently low. It was also confirmed that the decrease in the tensile strength utilization rate after 20 days was small.
- Step II Step of attaching sizing agent to carbon fiber Sizing agent-coated carbon fibers were obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the mass ratio shown in Table 5 was used as the sizing agent. Subsequently, the epoxy equivalent of the sizing agent, the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement of the sizing agent surface, the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of the sizing agent-coated carbon fiber, and ⁇ Tg were measured.
- IFSS interfacial shear strength
- Step III Production, molding and evaluation of unidirectional prepreg A prepreg was produced, molded and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. It was found that the volume resistivity was low and the rate of decrease in tensile strength after 20 days was low, but the initial 0 ° tensile strength utilization rate and compressive strength after impact were low.
- Step II Step of attaching sizing agent to carbon fiber Sizing agent-coated carbon fibers were obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the mass ratio shown in Table 5 was used as the sizing agent. Subsequently, the epoxy equivalent of the sizing agent, the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement of the sizing agent surface, the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of the sizing agent-coated carbon fiber, and ⁇ Tg were measured.
- IFSS interfacial shear strength
- Step III Production, molding and evaluation of unidirectional prepreg A prepreg was produced, molded and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. It was found that the initial 0 ° tensile strength utilization rate and the compressive strength after impact were high and the volume resistivity was low, but the decrease rate of the 0 ° tensile strength after 20 days was large.
- Step II A step of attaching a sizing agent to carbon fiber
- the epoxy compound of the sizing agent is used as the epoxy compound of the sizing agent, without using the aromatic epoxy compound (B1).
- the sizing agent-coated carbon fiber was obtained by the method described above. Subsequently, the epoxy equivalent of the sizing agent, the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement of the sizing agent surface, the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of the sizing agent-coated carbon fiber, and ⁇ Tg were measured.
- IFSS interfacial shear strength
- Step III Production, molding and evaluation of unidirectional prepreg A prepreg was produced, molded and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. It was found that the initial 0 ° tensile strength utilization rate and the compressive strength after impact were high and the volume resistivity was low, but the decrease rate of the 0 ° tensile strength after 20 days was large.
- Step II A step of attaching a sizing agent to carbon fiber As in the case of Example 2, using only the aromatic epoxy compound (B1) without using the aliphatic epoxy compound (A) as the epoxy compound of the sizing agent The sizing agent-coated carbon fiber was obtained by the method described above. Subsequently, the epoxy equivalent of the sizing agent, the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement of the sizing agent surface, the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of the sizing agent-coated carbon fiber, and ⁇ Tg were measured.
- IFSS interfacial shear strength
- Step III Production, molding and evaluation of unidirectional prepreg A prepreg was produced, molded and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. Although the volume resistivity was low and the decrease rate of the tensile strength after 20 days was small, the initial tensile strength utilization rate and the compressive strength after impact were not sufficient values.
- Step II Step of attaching sizing agent to carbon fiber Sizing agent-coated carbon fiber was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2. Subsequently, the epoxy equivalent of the sizing agent, the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement of the sizing agent surface, the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of the sizing agent-coated carbon fiber, and ⁇ Tg were measured. The epoxy equivalent of the sizing agent, the chemical composition of the sizing agent surface, and ⁇ Tg were as expected, and the adhesiveness measured by IFSS was at a level with no problem. The results are shown in Table 5.
- Step III Production, molding, and evaluation of unidirectional prepreg
- conductive particles or fibers (G) are not blended, and the blending amount of thermoplastic resin particles (F) is shown in Table 5. Except as shown, a prepreg was produced, molded, and evaluated in the same manner as in the first embodiment. The initial 0 ° tensile strength utilization rate and compressive strength after impact were high, and the rate of decrease in tensile strength after 20 days was small, but the volume resistivity was very large.
- Step II Step of attaching sizing agent to carbon fiber Sizing agent-coated carbon fiber was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2. Subsequently, the epoxy equivalent of the sizing agent, the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement of the sizing agent surface, the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of the sizing agent-coated carbon fiber, and ⁇ Tg were measured. The epoxy equivalent of the sizing agent, the chemical composition of the sizing agent surface, and ⁇ Tg were as expected, and the adhesiveness measured by IFSS was at a level with no problem. The results are shown in Table 5.
- Step III Production, molding, and evaluation of unidirectional prepreg
- thermoplastic resin particles or fibers (F) are not blended, and the blending amount of conductive particles or fibers (G) is shown.
- a prepreg was produced, molded, and evaluated in the same manner as in Embodiment 1 except that it was as shown in FIG. The volume resistivity was low, the initial 0 ° tensile strength utilization factor was high, and the rate of decrease in tensile strength after 20 days was small, but the compressive strength after impact was small.
- Step I Step of producing carbon fiber as raw material The same as in Example 1.
- Step II Step of attaching sizing agent to carbon fiber Sizing agent-coated carbon fiber was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2. Subsequently, the epoxy equivalent of the sizing agent, the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement of the sizing agent surface, the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of the sizing agent-coated carbon fiber, and ⁇ Tg were measured. The epoxy equivalent of the sizing agent, the chemical composition of the sizing agent surface, and ⁇ Tg were as expected, and the adhesiveness measured by IFSS was at a level with no problem. The results are shown in Table 5.
- thermosetting resin composition As a thermosetting resin composition, the thermoplastic resin particles (F) and conductive particles (G) shown in Table 5 were used in a mass ratio shown in Table 5.
- a prepreg was produced, molded, and evaluated in the same manner as in Embodiment 1 except that it was blended.
- Comparative Example 10 the initial 0 ° tensile strength utilization rate and the compressive strength after impact were high and the rate of decrease in tensile strength after 20 days was small, but the volume resistivity was very large.
- Comparative Example 11 the volume resistivity was low, the initial 0 ° tensile strength utilization factor was high, and the rate of decrease in tensile strength after 20 days was small, but the compressive strength after impact was small.
- Example 30 2 g of the sizing agent-coated carbon fiber obtained in Example 1 was collected, immersed in 50 ml of acetone, and subjected to ultrasonic cleaning for 30 minutes three times. Subsequently, the substrate was immersed in 50 ml of methanol, subjected to ultrasonic cleaning for 30 minutes once and dried. Table 6 shows the amount of sizing agent adhering remaining after washing. Subsequently, the sizing agent surface of the sizing agent-coated carbon fiber before washing and the sizing agent-coated carbon fiber sizing agent surface obtained by washing were assigned to (b) CO component by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy at 400 eV.
- Examples 31 to 34 Similarly to Example 30, C was obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy using 400 eV X-rays before and after cleaning using the sizing agent-coated carbon fibers obtained in Example 2, Example 6, Example 10, and Example 13.
- the height (cps) of the component of the binding energy (284.6 eV) attributed to (a) CHx, CC, C C in the 1s inner-shell spectrum, and (b) the binding energy attributed to CO
- the ratio (a) / (b) to the height (cps) of the component (286.1 eV) was determined. The results are shown in Table 6.
- the prepreg of the present invention has excellent adhesion between carbon fiber and matrix resin, impact resistance, volume resistivity, and high long-term storage stability. Therefore, aircraft members, spacecraft members, automobile members, ship members It can be suitably used in many fields such as civil engineering and construction materials and sports equipment.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
Abstract
Description
例えば、特許文献5には、炭素繊維とサイジング剤との接着性を高めるため、サイジング剤に傾斜構造を持たせることは開示されているが、特許文献5およびその他いずれの文献(特許文献6~9など)においても、サイジング層表面は炭素繊維と接着性の高いエポキシ化合物とマトリックス中の成分との反応を抑制し、かつマトリックス樹脂との高接着を実現することを同時に満たす思想は皆無と言える。
また、特許文献10には、サイジング剤内層に多官能脂肪族化合物が存在し、外層に反応性の低い芳香族エポキシ樹脂および芳香族系反応物が存在するものが開示されており、長期間保持した場合にはプリプレグの経時変化の抑制を期待できるが、サイジング剤表層に接着性の高い多官能脂肪族化合物が存在しないため、マトリックス樹脂との高い接着性を実現することは困難である。
(I)超音波処理前の前記サイジング剤塗布炭素繊維の表面の(a)/(b)の値
(II)前記サイジング剤塗布炭素繊維をアセトン溶媒中で超音波処理することで、サイジング剤付着量を0.09~0.20質量%まで洗浄したサイジング剤塗布炭素繊維の表面の(a)/(b)の値
(III)0.50≦(I)≦0.90かつ0.60<(II)/(I)<1.0
グリシジルエステル型エポキシ化合物としては、例えば、ダイマー酸を、エピクロロヒドリンと反応させて得られるグリシジルエステル型エポキシ化合物が挙げられる。
本発明に使用する脂肪族エポキシ化合物(A)として、これらのエポキシ化合物以外にも、トリグリシジルイソシアヌレートのようなエポキシ化合物が挙げられる。
本発明において、脂肪族エポキシ化合物(A)は、ポリグリセロールポリグリシジルエーテルがさらに好ましい。
炭素繊維の表面粗さ(Ra)を前述の範囲に制御するためには、後述する紡糸方法として湿式紡糸方法が好ましく用いられる。また、炭素繊維の表面粗さ(Ra)は、紡糸工程での凝固液の種類(例えば、ジメチルスルホキシド、ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルアセトアミドなどの有機溶剤の水溶液、塩化亜鉛、チオシアン酸ナトリウムなどの無機化合物の水溶液)及び濃度および凝固液温度、凝固糸の引取速度および延伸比、さらに耐炎化、前炭化、炭化それぞれの工程での延伸比を組み合わせることによって制御することもできる。さらに電解処理を組み合わせることにより、所定の炭素繊維の表面粗さ(Ra)に制御することもできる。
・走査モード:タッピングモード
・探針:シリコンカンチレバー
・走査範囲:0.6μm×0.6μm
・走査速度:0.3Hz
・ピクセル数:512×512
・測定環境:室温、大気中
表面水酸基濃度(COH/C)は、下式により算出した値で表される。
COH/C={[F1s]/(3k[C1s] -2[F1s])r}×100(%)
なお、kは装置固有のC1sピーク面積に対するF1sピーク面積の感度補正値であり、米国SSI社製モデルSSX-100-206を用いる場合、上記装置固有の感度補正値は3.919である。
表面カルボキシル基濃度COOH/Cは、下式により算出した値で表した。
COOH/C={[F1s]/(3k[C1s]-(2+13m)[F1s])r}×100(%)
なお、kは装置固有のC1sピーク面積に対するF1sピーク面積の感度補正値であり、米国SSI社製モデルSSX-100-206を用いる場合の、上記装置固有の感度補正値は3.919である。
脂肪族エポキシ化合物(A)および芳香族エポキシ化合物(B1)の表面自由エネルギーの極性成分は、脂肪族エポキシ化合物(A)または芳香族エポキシ化合物(B1)のみからなる溶液中に炭素繊維束を浸漬して引き上げた後、120~150℃で10分間乾燥後、上述の通り、水、エチレングリコール、燐酸トリクレゾールの各液体において、ウィルヘルミ法によって測定される各接触角をもとに、オーエンスの近似式を用いて算出した表面自由エネルギーの極性成分である。
炭素繊維の前駆体繊維を得るための紡糸方法としては、湿式、乾式および乾湿式等の紡糸方法を用いることができる。高強度の炭素繊維が得られやすいという観点から、湿式あるいは乾湿式紡糸方法を用いることが好ましい。
本発明において、液相電解酸化で用いられる電解液としては、酸性電解液およびアルカリ性電解液が挙げられるが、炭素繊維とマトリックス樹脂との接着性の観点からアルカリ性電解液中で液相電解酸化した後、サイジング剤を塗布することがより好ましい。
本発明において、液相電解酸化における電気量は、炭素繊維の炭化度に合わせて最適化することが好ましく、高弾性率の炭素繊維に処理を施す場合、より大きな電気量が必要である。
(I)超音波処理前のサイジング剤塗布炭素繊維の表面の(a)/(b)の値
(II)サイジング剤塗布炭素繊維をアセトン溶媒中で超音波処理することで、サイジング剤付着量を0.09~0.20質量%まで洗浄したサイジング剤塗布炭素繊維の表面の(a)/(b)の値
(III)0.50≦(I)≦0.90かつ0.60<(II)/(I)<1.0
超音波処理前後のサイジング剤塗布炭素繊維表面の(a)/(b)値の比である(II)/(I)が上記範囲に入ることは、サイジング剤表面に比べて、サイジング剤の内層に脂肪族由来の化合物の割合が多いことを示す。(II)/(I)は好ましくは0.65以上である。また、(II)/(I)は0.85以下であることが好ましい。
(I)および(II)の値が、(III)の関係を満たすことで、マトリックス樹脂との接着性に優れ、かつプリプレグの状態で長期保管したときも力学特性低下が少ないため好ましい。
さらに、上記の変形例にかかるプリプレグ200において、第2導電性粒子41は、炭素繊維層10に主に配合するのではなく、第2導電性粒子41の全量に対し、90~100質量%を、層間形成層50に配合することが出来る。好ましくは95~100質量%を、層間形成層50に配合することが出来る。結果として、層間形成層50中の第2導電性粒子41は、複数の第2導電性粒子41と炭素繊維1との導電パスを作ることが可能となり、導電性粒子4と第2導電性粒子41と炭素繊維1との導電パスを作ることが可能となる。これにより、得られる炭素繊維強化複合材料の導電性が向上するという効果が得られる。
本発明において、サイジング剤塗布炭素繊維のサイジング剤表面の(a)、(b)のピーク比は、X線光電子分光法により、次の手順に従って求めた。サイジング剤塗布炭素繊維を20mmにカットして、銅製の試料支持台に拡げて並べた後、X線源としてAlKα1,2を用い、試料チャンバー中を1×10-8Torrに保ち、光電子脱出角度15°で測定を行った。測定時の帯電に伴うピークの補正として、まずC1sの主ピークの結合エネルギー値を286.1eVに合わせた。この時に、C1sのピーク面積は282~296eVの範囲で直線ベースラインを引くことにより求めた。また、C1sピークにて面積を求めた282~296eVの直線ベースラインを光電子強度の原点(零点)と定義して、(b)C-O成分に帰属される結合エネルギー286.1eVのピークの高さ(cps:単位時間あたりの光電子強度)と(a)CHx、C-C、C=Cに帰属される結合エネルギー284.6eVの成分の高さ(cps)を求め、(a)/(b)を算出した。
なお、(b)より(a)のピークが大きい場合には、C1sの主ピークの結合エネルギー値を286.1に合わせた場合、C1sのピークが282~296eVの範囲に入らない。その場合には、C1sの主ピークの結合エネルギー値を284.6eVに合わせた後、上記手法にて(a)/(b)を算出した。
サイジング剤塗布炭素繊維を2gをアセトン50ml中に浸漬させて超音波洗浄30分間を3回実施した。続いてメタノール50mlに浸漬させて超音波洗浄30分を1回行い、乾燥した。
本発明において、サイジング剤塗布炭素繊維のサイジング剤表面の(a)、(b)のピーク比は、X線光電子分光法により、次の手順に従って求めた。サイジング剤塗布炭素繊維およびサイジング剤を洗浄したサイジング剤塗布炭素繊維を20mmにカットして、銅製の試料支持台に拡げて並べた後、X線源として佐賀シンクトロトン放射光を用い、励起エネルギーは400eVで実施した。試料チャンバー中を1×10-8Torrに保ち測定を行った。なお、光電子脱出角度55°で実施した。測定時の帯電に伴うピークの補正として、まずC1sの主ピークの結合エネルギー値を286.1eVに合わせた。この時に、C1sのピーク面積は282~296eVの範囲で直線ベースラインを引くことにより求めた。また、C1sピークにて面積を求めた282~296eVの直線ベースラインを光電子強度の原点(零点)と定義して、(b)C-O成分に帰属される結合エネルギー286.1eVのピークの高さ(cps:単位時間あたりの光電子強度)と、(a)CHx、C-C、C=Cに帰属される結合エネルギー284.6eVの成分の高さ(cps)を求め、(a)/(b)を算出した。
なお、(b)より(a)のピークが大きい場合には、C1sの主ピークの結合エネルギー値を286.1に合わせた場合、C1sのピークが282~296eVの範囲に入らない。その場合には、C1sの主ピークの結合エネルギー値を284.6eVに合わせた後、上記手法にて(a)/(b)を算出した。
炭素繊維束のストランド引張強度とストランド弾性率は、JIS-R-7608(2004)の樹脂含浸ストランド試験法に準拠し、次の手順に従い求めた。樹脂処方としては、“セロキサイド(登録商標)”2021P(ダイセル化学工業(株)製)/3フッ化ホウ素モノエチルアミン(東京化成工業(株)製)/アセトン=100/3/4(質量部)を用い、硬化条件としては、常圧、温度125℃、時間30分を用いた。炭素繊維束のストランド10本を測定し、その平均値をストランド引張強度およびストランド弾性率とした。
炭素繊維の表面酸素濃度(O/C)は、次の手順に従いX線光電子分光法により求めた。まず、溶媒で表面に付着している汚れを除去した炭素繊維を、約20mmにカットし、銅製の試料支持台に拡げる。次に、試料支持台を試料チャンバー内にセットし、試料チャンバー中を1×10-8Torrに保った。続いて、X線源としてAlKα1、2を用い、光電子脱出角度を90°として測定を行った。なお、測定時の帯電に伴うピークの補正値としてC1sのメインピーク(ピークトップ)の結合エネルギー値を284.6eVに合わせた。C1sメイン面積は、282~296eVの範囲で直線のベースラインを引くことにより求めた。また、O1sピーク面積は、528~540eVの範囲で直線のベースラインを引くことにより求めた。ここで、表面酸素濃度とは、上記のO1sピーク面積とC1sピーク面積の比から装置固有の感度補正値を用いて原子数比として算出したものである。X線光電子分光法装置として、アルバック・ファイ(株)製ESCA-1600を用い、上記装置固有の感度補正値は2.33であった。
表面水酸基濃度(COH/C)は、次の手順に従って化学修飾X線光電子分光法により求めた。
溶媒でサイジング剤などを除去した炭素繊維束をカットして白金製の試料支持台上に拡げて並べ、0.04mol/Lの無水3弗化酢酸気体を含んだ乾燥窒素ガス中に室温で10分間さらし、化学修飾処理した後、X線光電子分光装置に光電子脱出角度を35゜としてマウントし、X線源としてAlKα1,2を用い、試料チャンバー内を1×10-8Torrの真空度に保つ。測定時の帯電に伴うピークの補正として、まずC1sの主ピークの結合エネルギー値を284.6eVに合わせる。C1sピーク面積[C1s]は、282~296eVの範囲で直線のベースラインを引くことにより求め、F1sピーク面積[F1s]は、682~695eVの範囲で直線のベースラインを引くことにより求めた。また、同時に化学修飾処理したポリビニルアルコールのC1sピーク分割から反応率rを求めた。
表面水酸基濃度(COH/C)は、下式により算出した値で表した。
COH/C={[F1s]/(3k[C1s]-2[F1s])r}×100(%)
なお、kは装置固有のC1sピーク面積に対するF1sピーク面積の感度補正値であり、米国SSI社製モデルSSX-100-206での、上記装置固有の感度補正値は3.919であった。
表面カルボキシル基濃度COOH/Cは、下式により算出した値で表した。
COOH/C={[F1s]/(3k[C1s]-(2+13m)[F1s])r}×100(%)
なお、kは装置固有のC1sピーク面積に対するF1sピーク面積の感度補正値であり、米国SSI社製モデルSSX-100-206を用いた場合の、上記装置固有の感度補正値は3.919であった。
サイジング剤のエポキシ当量は、溶媒を除去したサイジング剤をN,N-ジメチルホルムアミド中に溶解し、塩酸でエポキシ基を開環させ、酸塩基滴定で求めた。炭素繊維に塗布されたサイジング剤のエポキシ当量は、サイジング剤塗布炭素繊維をN,N-ジメチルホルムアミド中に浸漬し、超音波洗浄を行うことで繊維から溶出させたのち、塩酸でエポキシ基を開環させ、酸塩基滴定で求めた。
アミン当量とエポキシ当量の比率であるアミン当量/エポキシ当量が0.9になるようにサイジング剤と潜在性硬化剤(E)とを混合し、JIS K7121(1987)に従い、示差走査熱量計(DSC)により調整した混合物のガラス転移温度の測定を行った。容量50μlの密閉型サンプル容器に、3~10mgの試料(試験片)を詰め、昇温速度10℃/分で30~350℃まで昇温し、ガラス転移温度を測定した。ここでは、測定装置として、TA Instruments社製の示差走査型熱量計(DSC)を使用した。
具体的には、得られたDSC曲線の階段状変化を示す部分において、各ベースラインの延長した直線から縦軸方向に等距離にある直線と、ガラス転移の階段状変化部分の曲線とが交わる点の温度をガラス転移温度とした。
続いて、調整した混合物を温度25℃、60%RHの環境下で20日保管した後、上記の方法でガラス転移温度を測定し、初期からの上昇温度をガラス転移点の上昇温度とした(表中の「硬化剤とのΔTg」がそれに該当する)。
約2gのサイジング付着炭素繊維束を秤量(W1)(少数第4位まで読み取り)した後、50mL/minの窒素気流中、450℃の温度に設定した電気炉(容量120cm3)に15分間放置し、サイジング剤を完全に熱分解させる。そして、20L/minの乾燥窒素気流中の容器に移し、15分間冷却した後の炭素繊維束を秤量(W2)(少数第4位まで読み取り)して、W1-W2によりサイジング付着量を求める。このサイジング付着量を炭素繊維束100質量部に対する量に換算した値(小数点第3位を四捨五入)を、付着したサイジング剤の質量部とした。測定は2回行い、その平均値をサイジング剤の質量部とした。
界面剪断強度(IFSS)の測定は、次の(イ)~(ニ)の手順で行った。
(イ)樹脂の調整
ビスフェノールA型エポキシ化合物“jER(登録商標)”828(三菱化学(株)製)100質量部とメタフェニレンジアミン(シグマアルドリッチジャパン(株)製)14.5質量部を、それぞれ容器に入れた。その後、上記のjER828の粘度低下とメタフェニレンジアミンの溶解のため、75℃の温度で15分間加熱した。その後、両者をよく混合し、80℃の温度で約15分間真空脱泡を行った。
(ロ)炭素繊維単糸を専用モールドに固定
炭素繊維束から単繊維を抜き取り、ダンベル型モールドの長手方向に単繊維に一定張力を与えた状態で両端を接着剤で固定した。その後、炭素繊維およびモールドに付着した水分を除去するため、80℃の温度で30分間以上真空乾燥を行った。ダンベル型モールドはシリコーンゴム製で、注型部分の形状は、中央部分巾5mm、長さ25mm、両端部分巾10mm、全体長さ150mmだった。
(ハ)樹脂注型から硬化まで
上記(ロ)の手順の真空乾燥後のモールド内に、上記(イ)の手順で調整した樹脂を流し込み、オーブンを用いて、昇温速度1.5℃/分で75℃の温度まで上昇し2時間保持後、昇温速度1.5℃/分で125℃の温度まで上昇し2時間保持後、降温速度2.5℃/分で30℃の温度まで降温した。その後、脱型して試験片を得た。
(ニ)界面剪断強度(IFSS)の測定
上記(ハ)の手順で得られた試験片に繊維軸方向(長手方向)に引張力を与え、歪みを12%生じさせた後、偏光顕微鏡により試験片中心部22mmの範囲における繊維破断数N(個)を測定した。次に、平均破断繊維長laを、la(μm)=22×1000(μm)/N(個)の式により計算した。次に、平均破断繊維長laから臨界繊維長lcを、lc(μm)=(4/3)×la(μm)の式により計算した。ストランド引張強度σと炭素繊維単糸の直径dを測定し、炭素繊維と樹脂界面の接着強度の指標である界面剪断強度IFSSを、次式で算出した。実施例では、測定数n=5の平均を試験結果とした。
・界面剪断強度IFSS(MPa)=σ(MPa)×d(μm)/(2×lc)(μm)
JIS K7017(1999)に記載されているとおり、一方向炭素繊維強化複合材料の繊維方向を軸方向とし、その軸方向を0°軸と定義し軸直交方向を90°と定義した。
作製後24時間以内の一方向プリプレグを所定の大きさにカットし、これを一方向に6枚積層した後、真空バッグを行い、オートクレーブを用いて、温度180℃、圧力6kg/cm2、2時間で硬化させ、一方向強化材(炭素繊維強化複合材料)を得た。この一方向強化材を幅12.7mm、長さ230mmにカットし、両端に1.2mm、長さ50mmのガラス繊維強化プラスチック製のタブを接着し試験片を得た。このようにして得られた試験片について、インストロン社製万能試験機を用いてクロスヘッドスピード1.27mm/分で引張試験を行った。
本発明において、0°引張強度の値を(B)で求めたストランド強度の値で割り返したものを強度利用率(%)として、次式で求めた。
強度利用率=引張強度/((CF目付/190)×Vf/100×ストランド強度)×100
CF(炭素繊維)目付=190g/m2
Vf(炭素繊維体積含有率)=56%
プリプレグを温度25℃、60%RHで20日保管後、(12)と同様に0°引張強度測定を行い、強度利用率を算出した。
プリプレグを、2枚の表面の平滑なポリ四フッ化エチレン樹脂板間に挟持して密着させ、7日間かけて徐々に150℃迄温度を上昇させてゲル化、硬化させて板状の樹脂硬化物を作製する。硬化後、密着面と垂直な方向から切断し、その断面を研磨後、光学顕微鏡で200倍以上に拡大しプリプレグの上下面が視野内に納まるようにして写真撮影した。同様な操作により、断面写真の横方向の5ヵ所でポリ四フッ化エチレン樹脂板間の間隔を測定し、その平均値(n=5)をプリプレグの厚さとした。プリプレグの両面について、プリプレグの表面から、厚さの20%深さ位置にプリプレグの表面と平行な線を2本引く。次に、プリプレグの表面と上記線との間に存在する粒子の合計面積と、プリプレグの厚みに渡って存在する粒子の合計面積を求め、プリプレグの厚さ100%に対して、プリプレグの表面から20%の深さの範囲に存在する粒子の存在率を計算した。ここで、微粒子の合計面積は、断面写真から粒子部分を刳り抜き、その質量から換算して求めた。
粒子の平均粒径については、走査型電子顕微鏡などの顕微鏡にて粒子を1000倍以上に拡大し写真撮影し、無作為に粒子を選び、その粒子の外接する円の直径を粒径とし、その粒径の平均値(n=50)として求めた。
繊維の平均径(平均繊維径)については、走査型電子顕微鏡などの顕微鏡にて繊維断面を1000倍以上に拡大し写真撮影し、無作為に繊維断面を選び、その繊維断面の外接する円の直径を繊維径とし、その繊維径の平均値(n=50)として求めた。
一方向プリプレグを、[+45°/0°/-45°/90°]3s構成で、擬似等方的に24プライ積層し、オートクレーブにて、180℃の温度で2時間、圧力0.59
MPaの圧力下、昇温速度1.5℃/分で成形して擬似等方材(炭素繊維強化複合材料)を作製した。この擬似等方材から、縦150mm×横100mm(厚み4.5mm)のサンプルを切り出し、SACMA SRM 2R-94に従い、サンプルの中心部に6.7J/mmの落錘衝撃を与え、衝撃後圧縮強度を求めた。
一方向プリプレグを、それぞれ[+45°/0°/-45°/90°]3s構成で、擬
似等方的に24プライ積層し、オートクレーブにて、180℃の温度で2時間、0.59
MPaの圧力下、昇温速度1.5℃/分で成形して積層体を作製した。これらの各積層体から、縦50mm×横50mmのサンプルを切り出し、両面に導電性ペースト“ドータイト”(登録商標)D-550(藤倉化成(株)製)を塗布したサンプルを作製した。これらのサンプルを、アドバンテスト(株)製R6581デジタルマルチメーターを用いて、四端子法で積層方向の抵抗を測定し、体積固有抵抗を求めた。
ダイアインスツルメンツ(株)製MCP-PD51型粉体抵抗測定システムを用いて、4探針電極を有する円筒型セルにサンプルをセットし、試料に60MPaの圧力を加えた状態で試料の厚さと抵抗値を測定し、その値から体積固有抵抗を計算した。
A-1:“デナコール(登録商標)”EX-810(ナガセケムテックス(株)製)
エチレングリコールのジグリシジルエーテル
エポキシ当量:113g/eq.、エポキシ基数:2
A-2:“デナコール(登録商標)”EX-611(ナガセケムテックス(株)製)
ソルビトールポリグリシジルエーテル
エポキシ当量:167g/eq.、エポキシ基数:4
水酸基数:2
A-3:“デナコール(登録商標)”EX-521(ナガセケムテックス(株)製)
ポリグリセリンポリグリシジルエーテル
エポキシ当量:183g/eq.、エポキシ基数:3以上
B-1:“jER(登録商標)”152(三菱化学(株)製)
フェノールノボラックのグリシジルエーテル
エポキシ当量:175g/eq.、エポキシ基数:3
B-2:“jER(登録商標)”828(三菱化学(株)製)
ビスフェノールAのジグリシジルエーテル
エポキシ当量:189g/eq.、エポキシ基数:2
B-3:“jER(登録商標)”1001(三菱化学(株)製)
ビスフェノールAのジグリシジルエーテル
エポキシ当量:475g/eq.、エポキシ基数:2
B-4:“jER(登録商標)”807(三菱化学(株)製)
ビスフェノールFのジグリシジルエーテル
エポキシ当量:167g/eq.、エポキシ基数:2
D-1:ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂、“エピコート(登録商標)”825(ジャパンエポキシレジン(株)製)
D-2:テトラグリシジルジアミノジフェニルメタン、ELM434(住友化学(株)製)
“セイカキュア”(登録商標)-S(4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルスルホン、和歌山精化(株)製)
F-1:ナイロン12粒子SP-10(東レ(株)製、形状:真球、平均粒径:10.2μm)
F-2:下記の製造方法で得られたエポキシ変性ナイロン粒子A
透明ポリアミド(商品名“グリルアミド(登録商標)”-TR55、エムザベルケ(株)製)90重量部、エポキシ樹脂(商品名“エピコート(登録商標)”828、油化シェル(株)製)7.5重量部および硬化剤(商品名“トーマイド(登録商標)”#296、富士化成工業(株)製)2.5重量部を、クロロホルム300重量部とメタノール100重量部の混合溶媒中に添加して均一溶液を得た。次に、得られた均一溶液を塗装用のスプレーガンを用いて霧状にして、良く撹拌して3000重量部のn-ヘキサンの液面に向かって吹き付けて溶質を析出させた。析出した固体を濾別し、n-ヘキサンで良く洗浄した後に、100℃の温度で24時間の真空乾燥を行い、真球状のエポキシ変性ナイロン粒子Aを得た。
エポキシ変性ナイロン粒子Aをプレス成形し樹脂板としたのち、ASTM D 5045-96に基づき、コンパクトテンション法によるG1c値を測定した所、4420J/m2であった。平均粒径は、12.5μmであった。
オリフィスを1個もうけた口金から吐出した透明ポリアミド(商品名“グリルアミド(登録商標)” TR55、エムザベルケ(株)製)の繊維をカットし、断面形状が真円のTR-55短繊維(繊維長1mm)を得た。TR-55をプレス成形し樹脂板としたのち、ASTM D 5045-96に基づき、コンパクトテンション法によるG1c値を測定した所、4540J/m2であった。平均繊維径は5.4μmであった。
G-1:ジビニルベンゼンポリマー粒子にニッケルをメッキし、さらにその上に金をメッキした粒子“ミクロパール(登録商標)”AU215(積水化学(株)製、形状:真球、比重:1.8g/cm3、導電性層の厚さ:110nm、[核の体積]/[導電性層の体積]:22.8、平均粒径:15.5μm、体積固有抵抗:1.4×10-3Ωcm)
G-2:ジビニルベンゼンポリマー粒子にニッケルをメッキし、さらにその上に金をメッキした粒子“ミクロパール(登録商標)”AU225(積水化学(株)製、形状:真球、比重:2.4g/cm3、導電性層の厚さ:200nm、[核の体積]/[導電性層の体積]:20.2、平均粒径:25.0μm、体積固有抵抗:1.6×10-3Ωcm)
G-3:ガラス状カーボン粒子“ベルパール(登録商標)”C-2000(エア・ウォーター(株)製、形状:真球、比重:1.5g/cm3、平均粒径:15.3μm、体積固有抵抗:2.0×10-2Ωcm)
G-4:炭素粒子“NICABEADS”(登録商標)ICB-2020(日本カーボン(株)製、形状:真球、比重:1.5g/cm3、平均粒径:26.69μm、体積固有抵抗:2.5×10-2Ωcm)
1000mlの無電解銅メッキ液MK-430(室町ケミカル(株)製)にエポキシ変性ナイロン粒子Aを100g添加し、次いで50℃で45分間メッキ処理を行い、導電性粒子Eを作製した。導電性粒子Eの形状は真球、比重は1.4g/cm3、導電性層の厚さは120nm、[核の体積]/[導電性層の体積]は17.0であった。平均粒径は12.7μmであった。体積固有抵抗は、4.5×10-4Ωcmであった。この導電性粒子Aは、導電性粒子または繊維(G)であるとともに、熱可塑性樹脂の核または芯が導電性物質で被覆された導電性の粒子または繊維(H)に該当する。
“ミクロパール(登録商標)”AU215100重量部に、3-(フェニルアミノ)プロピルトリメトキシシラン2重量部をミキサーで攪拌しながら噴霧し、次いで100℃で12時間熱処理し、“ミクロパール(登録商標)”AU215の表面処理品Iを得た。平均粒径は15.5μmであった。体積固有抵抗は、1.4×10-3Ωcmであった。
G-7:“トレカ(登録商標)”ミルドファイバーMLD-30(東レ(株)製、断面形状:真円、比重:1.8g/cm3、繊維長30μm、体積比:7.2μm、体積固有抵抗:6.6×10-2Ωcm)
I-1:三菱カーボンブラック#3230B(カーボンブラック、三菱化学(株)製、粒径:35nm)
本実施例は、次の第Iの工程、第IIの工程および第IIIの工程からなる。
・第Iの工程:原料となる炭素繊維を製造する工程
アクリロニトリル99mol%とイタコン酸1mol%からなる共重合体を紡糸し、焼成し、総フィラメント数24,000本、総繊度1,000テックス、比重1.8、ストランド引張強度5.9GPa、ストランド引張弾性率295GPaの炭素繊維を得た。次いで、その炭素繊維を、濃度0.1mol/Lの炭酸水素アンモニウム水溶液を電解液として、電気量を炭素繊維1g当たり80クーロンで電解表面処理した。この電解表面処理を施された炭素繊維を続いて水洗し、150℃の温度の加熱空気中で乾燥し、原料となる炭素繊維を得た。このときの表面酸素濃度O/Cは、0.15、表面カルボン酸濃度COOH/Cは0.005、表面水酸基濃度COH/Cは0.018であった。これを炭素繊維Aとした。
(B1)成分として(B-1)を20質量部、(C)成分20質量部および乳化剤10質量部からなる水分散エマルジョンを調合した後、(A)成分として(A-3)を50質量部混合してサイジング液を調合した。なお、(C)成分として、ビスフェノールAのEO2mol付加物2molとマレイン酸1.5mol、セバチン酸0.5molの縮合物、乳化剤としてポリオキシエチレン(70mol)スチレン化(5mol)クミルフェノールを用いた。なお(C)成分、乳化剤はいずれも芳香族化合物であり、(B)成分に該当することにもなる。サイジング液中の溶媒を除いたサイジング剤のエポキシ当量は表1の通りである。このサイジング剤を浸漬法により表面処理された炭素繊維に塗布した後、210℃の温度で75秒間熱処理をして、サイジング剤塗布炭素繊維束を得た。サイジング剤の付着量は、表面処理された炭素繊維100質量部に対して1.0質量部となるように調整した。続いて、サイジング剤のエポキシ当量、サイジング剤表面のX線光電子分光法測定、サイジング剤塗布炭素繊維の界面剪断強度(IFSS)、サイジング剤と潜在性硬化剤(E)との混合物のガラス転移点の上昇温度(△Tg)を測定した。結果を表1にまとめた。この結果、サイジング剤のエポキシ当量、サイジング剤表面の化学組成、△Tgともに期待通りであることが確認できた。また、IFSSで測定した接着性も十分に高いことがわかった。
混練装置で、熱硬化性樹脂(D)成分として(D-1)を40質量部と、(D-2)を40質量部と、熱可塑性樹脂としてPES5003Pを10質量部配合して溶解した後、潜在性硬化剤(E)成分として、(E-1)4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルスルホンを40質量部混練して、熱可塑性樹脂粒子(F)および導電性粒子(G)を除く1次樹脂組成物を作製した。得られた1次樹脂組成物を、ナイフコーターを用いて樹脂目付32g/m2で離型紙上にコーティングし、1次樹脂フィルムを作製した。この1次樹脂フィルムを一方向に引き揃えたサイジング剤塗布炭素繊維(目付190g/m2)の両側に重ね合せてヒートロールを用い、100℃、1気圧で加熱加圧しながら熱硬化性樹脂組成物を含浸させ、一次プリプレグを得た。次に、最終的な炭素繊維強化複合材料用プリプレグの熱硬化性樹脂組成が表1の配合量になるように、熱可塑性樹脂粒子(F)として(F-2)および導電性粒子(G)として(G-3)を加えて調整した2次樹脂組成物で、ナイフコーターを用いて樹脂目付20g/m2で離型紙上にコーティングし、2次樹脂フィルムを作製した。この2次樹脂フィルムを、一次プリプレグの両側に重ね合せてヒートロールを用い、100℃、1気圧で加熱加圧しながら炭素繊維強化複合材料用熱硬化性樹脂組成物を含浸させ、目的のプリプレグを得た。得られたプリプレグを用い、炭素繊維強化複合材料の0°引張強度測定および長期保管後の0°引張試験、炭素繊維強化複合材料の衝撃後圧縮強度測定および体積固有抵抗を測定した。その結果を表1に示す。初期の0°引張強度利用率および衝撃後圧縮強度は十分高くかつ体積固有抵抗が十分低いことが分かった。また、20日後の引張強度利用率の低下も小さいことが確認できた。
・第Iの工程:原料となる炭素繊維を製造する工程
実施例1と同様にした。
・第IIの工程:サイジング剤を炭素繊維に付着させる工程
サイジング剤として表1に示す(A)成分、および(B1)成分を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法でサイジング剤塗布炭素繊維を得た。続いて、サイジング剤のエポキシ当量、サイジング剤表面のX線光電子分光法測定、サイジング剤塗布炭素繊維の界面剪断強度(IFSS)および△Tgを測定した。サイジング剤のエポキシ当量、サイジング剤表面の化学組成、△Tgともに期待通りであり、IFSSで測定した接着性も十分に高いことがわかった。結果を表1に示す。
・第IIIの工程:一方向プリプレグの作製、成形、評価
実施例1と同様にプリプレグを作製、成形、評価を実施した。初期の0°引張強度利用率および衝撃後圧縮強度は十分高くかつ体積固有抵抗が十分低いことが分かった。また、20日後の引張強度利用率の低下も小さいことが確認できた。
・第Iの工程:原料となる炭素繊維を製造する工程
実施例1と同様にした。
・第IIの工程:サイジング剤を炭素繊維に付着させる工程
サイジング剤として表2に示す質量比にした以外は、実施例2と同様の方法でサイジング剤塗布炭素繊維を得た。続いて、サイジング剤のエポキシ当量、サイジング剤表面のX線光電子分光法測定、サイジング剤塗布炭素繊維の界面剪断強度(IFSS)および△Tgを測定した。サイジング剤のエポキシ当量、サイジング剤表面の化学組成、△Tgともに期待通りであり、IFSSで測定した接着性も十分に高いことがわかった。結果を表2に示す。
・第IIIの工程:一方向プリプレグの作製、成形、評価
実施例1と同様にプリプレグを作製、成形、評価を実施した。初期の0°引張強度利用率および衝撃後圧縮強度は十分高くかつ体積固有抵抗が十分低いことが分かった。また、20日後の引張強度利用率の低下も小さいことが確認できた。結果を表2に示す。
・第Iの工程:原料となる炭素繊維を製造する工程
実施例1と同様にした。
・第IIの工程:サイジング剤を炭素繊維に付着させる工程
(A)成分として(A-3)を55質量部、(B1)成分として(B-2)を22.5質量部、(C)成分を22.5質量部、DMFに溶解してサイジング液を調合した。なお、(C)成分として、ビスフェノールAのEO2mol付加物2molとマレイン酸1.5mol、セバチン酸0.5molの縮合物を用いた。サイジング液中の溶液を除いたサイジング剤のエポキシ当量は表2の通りである。実施例1と同様に、このサイジング剤を浸漬法により表面処理された炭素繊維に塗布した後、210℃の温度で75秒間熱処理をして、サイジング剤塗布炭素繊維束を得た。サイジング剤の付着量は、表面処理された炭素繊維100質量部に対して1.0質量部となるように調整した。続いて、サイジング剤のエポキシ当量、サイジング剤表面のX線光電子分光法測定、サイジング剤塗布炭素繊維の界面剪断強度(IFSS)および△Tgを測定した。この結果、表2に示す通り、サイジング剤のエポキシ当量、サイジング剤表面の化学組成、△Tgともに期待通りであることが確認できた。また、IFSSで測定した接着性も十分に高いことがわかった。
・第IIIの工程:一方向プリプレグの作製、成形、評価
実施例1と同様にプリプレグを作製、成形、評価を実施した。初期の0°引張強度利用率および衝撃後圧縮強度は十分高くかつ体積固有抵抗が十分低いことが分かった。また、20日後の引張強度利用率の低下も小さいことが確認できた。結果を表2に示す。
・第Iの工程:原料となる炭素繊維を製造する工程
実施例1と同様にした。
・第IIの工程:サイジング剤を炭素繊維に付着させる工程
(A)成分として(A-3)を60質量部、(B1)成分として(B-2)を40質量部、DMFに溶解してサイジング液を調合した。サイジング液中の溶液を除いたサイジング剤のエポキシ当量は表2の通りである。実施例1と同様に、このサイジング剤を浸漬法により表面処理された炭素繊維に塗布した後、210℃の温度で75秒間熱処理をして、サイジング剤塗布炭素繊維束を得た。サイジング剤の付着量は、表面処理された炭素繊維100質量部に対して1.0質量部となるように調整した。続いて、サイジング剤のエポキシ当量、サイジング剤表面のX線光電子分光法測定、サイジング剤塗布炭素繊維の界面剪断強度(IFSS)および△Tgを測定した。この結果、表2に示す通り、サイジング剤のエポキシ当量、サイジング剤表面の化学組成、△Tgともに期待通りであることが確認できた。また、IFSSで測定した接着性も十分に高いことがわかった。
・第IIIの工程:一方向プリプレグの作製、成形、評価
実施例1と同様にプリプレグを作製、成形、評価を実施した。初期の0°引張強度利用率および衝撃後圧縮強度は十分高く、20日後の引張強度利用率の低下も小さいことが確認できた。結果を表2に示す。
・第Iの工程:原料となる炭素繊維を製造する工程
実施例1と同様にした。
・第IIの工程:一方向サイジング剤を炭素繊維に付着させる工程
実施例2と同様の方法でサイジング剤塗布炭素繊維を得た。続いて、サイジング剤のエポキシ当量、サイジング剤表面のX線光電子分光法測定、サイジング剤塗布炭素繊維の界面剪断強度(IFSS)および△Tgを測定した。サイジング剤のエポキシ当量、サイジング剤表面の化学組成、△Tgともに期待通りであり、IFSSで測定した接着性も問題ないレベルであった。結果を表3に示す。
熱可塑性樹脂粒子(F)および導電性粒子または繊維(G)として、表3に示す成分を、表3の割合で配合した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で目的のプリプレグを作製した。得られたプリプレグを用い、炭素繊維強化複合材料の0°引張強度測定および長期保管後の0°引張試験、炭素繊維強化複合材料の衝撃後圧縮強度測定および体積固有抵抗を測定した。その結果を表3に示す。初期の0°引張強度利用率および衝撃後圧縮強度は十分高くかつ体積固有抵抗が十分低いことが分かった。また、20日後の引張強度利用率の低下も小さいことが確認できた。
・第Iの工程:原料となる炭素繊維を製造する工程
実施例1と同様にした。
・第IIの工程:サイジング剤を炭素繊維に付着させる工程
実施例2と同様の方法でサイジング剤塗布炭素繊維を得た。続いて、サイジング剤のエポキシ当量、サイジング剤表面のX線光電子分光法測定、サイジング剤塗布炭素繊維の界面剪断強度(IFSS)をおよび△Tg測定した。サイジング剤のエポキシ当量、サイジング剤表面の化学組成、△Tgともに期待通りであり、IFSSで測定した接着性も問題ないレベルであった。結果を表4に示す。
・第IIIの工程:プリプレグの作製、成形、評価
熱可塑性樹脂粒子(F)および導電性粒子または繊維(G)、または熱可塑性樹脂の核が導電性物質で被覆された導電性粒子(H)として、表4に示す成分を、表4の割合で配合した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で目的のプリプレグを作製した。得られたプリプレグを用い、炭素繊維強化複合材料の0°引張強度測定および長期保管後の0°引張試験、炭素繊維強化複合材料の衝撃後圧縮強度測定および体積固有抵抗を測定した。その結果を表4に示す。初期の0°引張強度利用率および衝撃後圧縮強度は十分高くかつ体積固有抵抗が十分低いことが分かった。また、20日後の引張強度利用率の低下も小さいことが確認できた。
・第Iの工程:原料となる炭素繊維を製造する工程
実施例1と同様にした。
・第IIの工程:サイジング剤を炭素繊維に付着させる工程
実施例2と同様の方法でサイジング剤塗布炭素繊維を得た。続いて、サイジング剤のエポキシ当量、サイジング剤表面のX線光電子分光法測定、サイジング剤塗布炭素繊維の界面剪断強度(IFSS)および△Tgを測定した。サイジング剤のエポキシ当量、サイジング剤表面の化学組成、△Tgともに期待通りであり、IFSSで測定した接着性も問題ないレベルであった。結果を表4に示す。
・第IIIの工程:一方向プリプレグの作製、成形、評価
混練装置で、熱硬化性樹脂(D)成分として(D-1)を50質量部と、(D-2)を50質量部と、熱可塑性樹脂としてPES5003Pを10質量部と、第2導電性粒子(I)成分として(I-1)を1質量部配合して溶解した後、潜在性硬化剤(E)成分として、(E-1)4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルスルホンを40質量部混練して、熱可塑性樹脂粒子(F)および導電性粒子(G)を除く1次樹脂組成物を作製した。得られた1次樹脂組成物を、ナイフコーターを用いて樹脂目付32g/m2で離型紙上にコーティングし、1次樹脂フィルムを作製した。この1次樹脂フィルムを一方向に引き揃えたサイジング剤塗布炭素繊維(目付190g/m2)の両側に重ね合せてヒートロールを用い、100℃、1気圧で加熱加圧しながら熱硬化性樹脂組成物を含浸させ、一次プリプレグを得た。次に、最終的な炭素繊維強化複合材料用プリプレグの熱硬化性樹脂組成が表1の配合量になるように、熱可塑性樹脂粒子(F)として(F-1)および導電性粒子(G)として(G-3)を加えて調整した2次樹脂組成物で、ナイフコーターを用いて樹脂目付20g/m2で離型紙上にコーティングし、2次樹脂フィルムを作製した。この2次樹脂フィルムを、一次プリプレグの両側に重ね合せてヒートロールを用い、100℃、1気圧で加熱加圧しながら炭素繊維強化複合材料用熱硬化性樹脂組成物を含浸させ、目的のプリプレグを得た。得られたプリプレグを用い、炭素繊維強化複合材料の0°引張強度測定および長期保管後の0°引張試験、炭素繊維強化複合材料の衝撃後圧縮強度測定および体積固有抵抗を測定した。その結果を表4に示す。初期の0°引張強度利用率および衝撃後圧縮強度は十分高くかつ体積固有抵抗が十分低いことが分かった。また、20日後の引張強度利用率の低下も小さいことが確認できた。
・第Iの工程:原料となる炭素繊維を製造する工程
実施例1と同様にした。
・第IIの工程:サイジング剤を炭素繊維に付着させる工程
サイジング剤として表5に示す質量比にした以外は、実施例2と同様の方法でサイジング剤塗布炭素繊維を得た。続いて、サイジング剤のエポキシ当量、サイジング剤表面のX線光電子分光法測定、サイジング剤塗布炭素繊維の界面剪断強度(IFSS)および△Tgを測定した。サイジング剤表面を光電子脱出角度15°でX線光電子分光法によって測定されるC1s内殻スペクトルの(a)CHx、C-C、C=Cに帰属される結合エネルギー(284.6eV)の成分の高さ(cps)と(b)C-Oに帰属される結合エネルギー(286.1eV)の成分の高さ(cps)の比率(a)/(b)が0.90より大きく、本発明の範囲から外れていた。また、IFSSで測定した接着性が低いことが分かった。
・第IIIの工程:一方向プリプレグの作製、成形、評価
実施例1と同様にプリプレグを作製、成形、評価を実施した。体積固有抵抗が低く、かつ20日後の引張強度の低下率も低いことが分かったが、初期の0°引張強度利用率および衝撃後圧縮強度が低いことがわかった。
・第Iの工程:原料となる炭素繊維を製造する工程
実施例1と同様にした。
・第IIの工程:サイジング剤を炭素繊維に付着させる工程
サイジング剤として表5に示す質量比にした以外は、実施例2と同様の方法でサイジング剤塗布炭素繊維を得た。続いて、サイジング剤のエポキシ当量、サイジング剤表面のX線光電子分光法測定、サイジング剤塗布炭素繊維の界面剪断強度(IFSS)および△Tgを測定した。サイジング剤表面を光電子脱出角度15°でX線光電子分光法によって測定されるC1s内殻スペクトルの(a)CHx、C-C、C=Cに帰属される結合エネルギー(284.6eV)の成分の高さ(cps)と(b)C-Oに帰属される結合エネルギー(286.1eV)の成分の高さ(cps)の比率(a)/(b)が0.50より小さく、本発明の範囲から外れていた。IFSSで測定した接着性は十分高いことが分かった。
・第IIIの工程:一方向プリプレグの作製、成形、評価
実施例1と同様にプリプレグを作製、成形、評価を実施した。初期の0°引張強度利用率および衝撃後圧縮強度は高く、体積固有抵抗が低いことが分かったが、20日後の0°引張強度の低下率が大きいことが分かった。
・第Iの工程:原料となる炭素繊維を製造する工程
実施例1と同様にした。
・第IIの工程:サイジング剤を炭素繊維に付着させる工程
サイジング剤のエポキシ化合物として、芳香族エポキシ化合物(B1)を用いず、脂肪族エポキシ化合物(A)のみを用いて、実施例1と同様の方法でサイジング剤塗布炭素繊維を得た。続いて、サイジング剤のエポキシ当量、サイジング剤表面のX線光電子分光法測定、サイジング剤塗布炭素繊維の界面剪断強度(IFSS)および△Tgを測定した。サイジング剤表面を光電子脱出角度15°でX線光電子分光法によって測定されるC1s内殻スペクトルの(a)CHx、C-C、C=Cに帰属される結合エネルギー(284.6eV)の成分の高さ(cps)と(b)C-Oに帰属される結合エネルギー(286.1eV)の成分の高さ(cps)の比率(a)/(b)が0.50より小さく、本発明の範囲から外れていた。また、IFSSで測定した接着性は十分高いことが分かった。
・第IIIの工程:一方向プリプレグの作製、成形、評価
実施例1と同様にプリプレグを作製、成形、評価を実施した。初期の0°引張強度利用率および衝撃後圧縮強度は高く、体積固有抵抗が低いことが分かったが、20日後の0°引張強度の低下率が大きいことが分かった。
・第Iの工程:原料となる炭素繊維を製造する工程
実施例1と同様にした。
・第IIの工程:サイジング剤を炭素繊維に付着させる工程
サイジング剤のエポキシ化合物として、脂肪族エポキシ化合物(A)を用いず、芳香族エポキシ化合物(B1)のみを用いて、実施例2と同様の方法でサイジング剤塗布炭素繊維を得た。続いて、サイジング剤のエポキシ当量、サイジング剤表面のX線光電子分光法測定、サイジング剤塗布炭素繊維の界面剪断強度(IFSS)および△Tgを測定した。サイジング剤表面を光電子脱出角度15°でX線光電子分光法によって測定されるC1s内殻スペクトルの(a)CHx、C-C、C=Cに帰属される結合エネルギー(284.6eV)の成分の高さ(cps)と(b)C-Oに帰属される結合エネルギー(286.1eV)の成分の高さ(cps)の比率(a)/(b)が0.90より大きく、本発明の範囲から外れていた。また、IFSSで測定した接着性が低いことが分かった。
・第IIIの工程:一方向プリプレグの作製、成形、評価
実施例1と同様にプリプレグを作製、成形、評価を実施した。体積固有抵抗が低く、20日後の引張強度の低下率は小さいものの、初期の引張強度利用率および衝撃後圧縮強度が十分な値ではなかった。
・第Iの工程:原料となる炭素繊維を製造する工程
実施例1と同様にした。
・第IIの工程:サイジング剤を炭素繊維に付着させる工程
実施例2と同様の方法でサイジング剤塗布炭素繊維を得た。続いて、サイジング剤のエポキシ当量、サイジング剤表面のX線光電子分光法測定、サイジング剤塗布炭素繊維の界面剪断強度(IFSS)および△Tgを測定した。サイジング剤のエポキシ当量、サイジング剤表面の化学組成、△Tgともに期待通りであり、IFSSで測定した接着性も問題ないレベルであった。結果を表5に示す。
・第IIIの工程:一方向プリプレグの作製、成形、評価
熱硬化性樹脂組成物として、導電性粒子または繊維(G)を配合せず、熱可塑性樹脂粒子(F)の配合量を表5に示すようにした以外は、実施の形態1と同様の方法でプリプレグを作製、成形、評価した。初期の0°引張強度利用率および衝撃後圧縮強度は高く、20日後の引張強度の低下率も小さかったが、体積固有抵抗が非常に大きくなった。
・第Iの工程:原料となる炭素繊維を製造する工程
実施例1と同様にした。
・第IIの工程:サイジング剤を炭素繊維に付着させる工程
実施例2と同様の方法でサイジング剤塗布炭素繊維を得た。続いて、サイジング剤のエポキシ当量、サイジング剤表面のX線光電子分光法測定、サイジング剤塗布炭素繊維の界面剪断強度(IFSS)および△Tgを測定した。サイジング剤のエポキシ当量、サイジング剤表面の化学組成、△Tgともに期待通りであり、IFSSで測定した接着性も問題ないレベルであった。結果を表5に示す。
・第IIIの工程:一方向プリプレグの作製、成形、評価
熱硬化性樹脂組成物として、熱可塑性樹脂粒子または繊維(F)を配合せず、導電性粒子または繊維(G)の配合量を表5に示すようにした以外は、実施の形態1と同様の方法でプリプレグを作製、成形、評価した。体積固有抵抗が低く、初期の0°引張強度利用率は高く、20日後の引張強度の低下率も小さかったが、衝撃後圧縮強度が小さくなった。
・第Iの工程:原料となる炭素繊維を製造する工程
実施例1と同様にした。
・第IIの工程:サイジング剤を炭素繊維に付着させる工程
実施例2と同様の方法でサイジング剤塗布炭素繊維を得た。続いて、サイジング剤のエポキシ当量、サイジング剤表面のX線光電子分光法測定、サイジング剤塗布炭素繊維の界面剪断強度(IFSS)および△Tgを測定した。サイジング剤のエポキシ当量、サイジング剤表面の化学組成、△Tgともに期待通りであり、IFSSで測定した接着性も問題ないレベルであった。結果を表5に示す。
・第IIIの工程:一方向プリプレグの作製、成形、評価
熱硬化性樹脂組成物として、表5に示す熱可塑性樹脂粒子(F)および導電性粒子(G)を、表5に示す質量比で配合した以外は、実施の形態1と同様の方法でプリプレグを作製、成形、評価を実施した。比較例10は、初期の0°引張強度利用率および衝撃後圧縮強度は高く、20日後の引張強度の低下率も小さかったが、体積固有抵抗が非常に大きくなった。比較例11は、体積固有抵抗が低く、初期の0°引張強度利用率は高く、20日後の引張強度の低下率も小さかったが、衝撃後圧縮強度が小さくなった。
実施例1で得られたサイジング剤塗布炭素繊維を2g採取し、アセトン50ml中に浸漬させて超音波洗浄30分間を3回実施した。続いてメタノール50mlに浸漬させて超音波洗浄30分を1回行い、乾燥した。洗浄後に残っているサイジング剤付着量を測定したところ、表6の通りだった。
続いて、洗浄前のサイジング剤塗布炭素繊維のサイジング剤表面、および洗浄により得られたサイジング剤塗布炭素繊維のサイジング剤表面の400eVでのX線光電子分光法で(b)C-O成分に帰属される結合エネルギー286.1eVのピークの高さと(a)CHx、C-C、C=Cに帰属される結合エネルギー284.6eVの成分の高さ(cps)を求め、(I)洗浄前のサイジング剤塗布炭素繊維のサイジング剤表面の(a)/(b)、(II)洗浄後のサイジング剤塗布炭素繊維のサイジング剤表面の(a)/(b)を算出した。(I)および(II)/(I)は表6に示す通りだった。
実施例30と同様に実施例2、実施例6、実施例10、実施例13で得られたサイジング剤塗布炭素繊維を用いて洗浄前後の400eVのX線を用いたX線光電子分光法によってC1s内殻スペクトルの(a)CHx、C-C、C=Cに帰属される結合エネルギー(284.6eV)の成分の高さ(cps)と、(b)C-Oに帰属される結合エネルギー(286.1eV)の成分の高さ(cps)との比率(a)/(b)を求めた。結果を表6に示す。
実施例30と同様に比較例5で得られたサイジング剤塗布炭素繊維を用いて洗浄前後の400eVのX線を用いたX線光電子分光法によってC1s内殻スペクトルの(a)CHx、C-C、C=Cに帰属される結合エネルギー(284.6eV)の成分の高さ(cps)と、(b)C-Oに帰属される結合エネルギー(286.1eV)の成分の高さ(cps)との比率(a)/(b)を求めた。結果を表6に示すが、(II/I)が大きく、サイジング剤に傾斜構造が得られていないことが分かった。
実施例30と同様に比較例7で得られたサイジング剤塗布炭素繊維を用いて洗浄前後の400eVのX線を用いたX線光電子分光法によってC1s内殻スペクトルの(a)CHx、C-C、C=Cに帰属される結合エネルギー(284.6eV)の成分の高さ(cps)と、(b)C-Oに帰属される結合エネルギー(286.1eV)の成分の高さ(cps)との比率(a)/(b)を求めた。結果を表6に示すが、(II/I)が大きく、サイジング剤に傾斜構造が得られていないことが分かった。
2 熱硬化性樹脂
3 熱可塑性樹脂粒子
4 導電性粒子
41 第2導電性粒子
10 炭素繊維層
50 層間形成層
100、200 プリプレグ
300 プリプレグ硬化体
Claims (26)
- サイジング剤を塗布したサイジング剤塗布炭素繊維に熱硬化性樹脂組成物を含浸させてなるプリプレグであって、
前記サイジング剤は、脂肪族エポキシ化合物(A)および芳香族化合物(B)として少なくとも芳香族エポキシ化合物(B1)を含み、
前記サイジング剤塗布炭素繊維は、炭素繊維に塗布したサイジング剤表面を、X線源としてAlKα1,2を用いたX線光電子分光法によって光電子脱出角度15°で測定されるC1s内殻スペクトルの(a)CHx、C-C、C=Cに帰属される結合エネルギー(284.6eV)の成分の高さ(cps)と、(b)C-Oに帰属される結合エネルギー(286.1eV)の成分の高さ(cps)との比率(a)/(b)が0.50~0.90であり、
前記熱硬化性樹脂組成物は、熱硬化性樹脂(D)、潜在性硬化剤(E)、および下記[1]または[2]の少なくとも一方を含み、
[1]熱可塑性樹脂の粒子または繊維(F)、および導電性の粒子または繊維(G)、
[2]熱可塑性樹脂の核または芯が導電性物質で被覆された導電性の粒子または繊維(H)、
前記[1]を含む場合は、前記熱可塑性樹脂の粒子または繊維(F)と、前記導電性の粒子または繊維(G)とを、1:1~1000の質量比で含み、
前記炭素繊維からなる層の表面に、前記(F)および前記(G)、および/または前記(H)が配された層間形成層を有することを特徴とするプリプレグ。 - 前記熱硬化性樹脂組成物は、前記[1]を含み、前記炭素繊維からなる層の表面に、(F)および(G)が配された層間形成層を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のプリプレグ。
- 前記熱硬化性樹脂組成物は、前記[2]を含み、前記炭素繊維からなる層の表面に、(H)が配された層間形成層を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のプリプレグ。
- 前記導電性の粒子または繊維(G)の粒径または繊維径は、その平均径が、前記熱可塑性樹脂の粒子または繊維(F)の粒径または繊維径の平均径と同じかもしくはそれより大きく、かつその平均径が150μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載のプリプレグ。
- 前記導電性の粒子または繊維(G)は、カーボン粒子、無機材料の核が導電性物質で被覆された粒子、有機材料の核が導電性物質で被覆された粒子、炭素繊維、無機材料の芯が導電性物質で被覆された繊維および有機材料の芯が導電性物質で被覆された繊維からなる群から選ばれた少なくとも一種であることを特徴とする、請求項2または4に記載のプリプレグ。
- 前記導電性の粒子または繊維(G)、および前記熱可塑性樹脂の核または芯が導電性物質で被覆された導電性の粒子または繊維(H)の体積固有抵抗は、10~10-9Ωcmであることを特徴とする、請求項1~5のいずれか一つに記載のプリプレグ。
- 前記熱可塑性樹脂の粒子または繊維(F)、前記導電性の粒子または繊維(G)、および前記熱可塑性樹脂の核または芯が導電性物質で被覆された導電性の粒子または繊維(H)の平均径は、5~150μmであり、前記熱硬化性樹脂組成物は、平均粒径が1μm以下の第2導電性粒子(I)を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1~6のいずれか一つに記載のプリプレグ。
- 前記熱可塑性樹脂の粒子または繊維(F)、前記導電性の粒子または繊維(G)、および、前記熱可塑性樹脂の核または芯が導電性物質で被覆された導電性の粒子または繊維(H)は、その90~100質量%が、前記プリプレグの厚さ方向において、両面から20%の深さの範囲内に局在していることを特徴とする、請求項1~7のいずれか一つに記載のプリプレグ。
- 前記第2導電粒子(I)は、その90~100質量%が、前記プリプレグの厚さ方向において、両面から最も近い位置にある炭素繊維よりも内側に局在していることを特徴とする、請求項7または8に記載のプリプレグ。
- 前記熱可塑性樹脂の粒子または繊維(F)、前記導電性の粒子または繊維(G)、および、前記熱可塑性樹脂の核または芯が導電性物質で被覆された導電性の粒子または繊維(H)の総質量は、プリプレグに対して1~20質量%である、請求項1~9のいずれか一つに記載のプリプレグ。
- 前記導電性の粒子または繊維(G)、および、前記熱可塑性樹脂の核または芯が導電性物質で被覆された導電性の粒子または繊維(H)の比重は、0.8~3.2であることを特徴とする請求項1~10のいずれか一つに記載のプリプレグ。
- 前記導電性の粒子または繊維(G)、および、前記熱可塑性樹脂の核または芯が導電性物質で被覆された導電性の粒子または繊維(H)は、表面処理を施されたものであることを特徴とする請求項1~11のいずれか一つに記載のプリプレグ。
- 前記表面処理は、カップリング処理、酸化処理、オゾン処理、プラズマ処理、コロナ処理、およびブラスト処理からなる群から選ばれた少なくとも一種の処理であることを特徴とする請求項12に記載のプリプレグ。
- 前記潜在性硬化剤(E)は、芳香族アミン硬化剤(E1)であることを特徴とする請求項1~13のいずれか一つに記載のプリプレグ。
- 前記芳香族アミン硬化剤(E1)は、ジフェニルスルフォン骨格を含有することを特徴とする、請求項14に記載のプリプレグ。
- 前記サイジング剤および前記芳香族アミン硬化剤(E1)は、前記サイジング剤と前記芳香族アミン硬化剤(E1)とを、アミン当量/エポキシ当量が0.9の割合で混合後、25℃、60%RHの雰囲気下で20日保管した場合のガラス転移点の上昇が25℃以下となる組み合わせで使用することを特徴とする、請求項14または15に記載のプリプレグ。
- 塗布されたサイジング剤のエポキシ当量が350~550g/eq.であることを特徴とする、請求項1~16のいずれか一つに記載のプリプレグ。
- 前記サイジング剤は、溶媒を除いたサイジング剤全量に対して、少なくとも脂肪族エポキシ化合物(A)を35~65質量%、芳香族化合物(B)を35~60質量%含むことを特徴とする、請求項1~17のいずれか一つに記載のプリプレグ。
- 前記脂肪族エポキシ化合物(A)と前記芳香族エポキシ化合物(B1)との質量比は、52/48~80/20であることを特徴とする、請求項1~18のいずれか一つに記載のプリプレグ。
- 前記脂肪族エポキシ化合物(A)は、分子内にエポキシ基を2つ以上有するポリエーテル型ポリエポキシ化合物および/またはポリオール型ポリエポキシ化合物であることを特徴とする、請求項1~19のいずれか一つに記載のプリプレグ。
- 前記脂肪族エポキシ化合物(A)は、エチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、トリエチレングリコール、テトラエチレングリコール、ポリエチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、ジプロピレングリコール、トリプロピレングリコール、テトラプロピレングリコール、ポリプロピレングリコール、トリメチレングリコール、1,2-ブタンジオール、1,3-ブタンジオール、1,4-ブタンジオール、2,3-ブタンジオール、ポリブチレングリコール、1,5-ペンタンジオール、ネオペンチルグリコール、1,6-ヘキサンジオール、1,4-シクロヘキサンジメタノール、グリセロール、ジグリセロール、ポリグリセロール、トリメチロールプロパン、ペンタエリスリトール、ソルビトール、およびアラビトールから選択される1以上の化合物と、エピクロロヒドリンとの反応により得られるグリシジルエーテル型エポキシ化合物であることを特徴とする、請求項20に記載のプリプレグ。
- 前記芳香族エポキシ化合物(B1)は、ビスフェノールA型エポキシ化合物あるいはビスフェノールF型エポキシ化合物であることを特徴とする、請求項1~21のいずれか一つに記載のプリプレグ。
- 前記サイジング剤は、溶媒を除いたサイジング剤全量に対して、分子内にエポキシ基を持たないエステル化合物(C)を2~35質量%含有することを特徴とする、請求項1~22のいずれか一つに記載のプリプレグ。
- 前記サイジング剤塗布炭素繊維は、該サイジング剤塗布炭素繊維を、400eVのX線を用いたX線光電子分光法によって光電子脱出角度55°で測定されるC1s内殻スペクトルの(a)CHx、C-C、C=Cに帰属される結合エネルギー(284.6eV)の成分の高さ(cps)と、(b)C-Oに帰属される結合エネルギー(286.1eV)の成分の高さ(cps)との比率(a)/(b)より求められる(I)および(II)の値が、(III)の関係を満たすものであることを特徴とする、請求項1~23のいずれか一つに記載のプリプレグ。
(I)超音波処理前の前記サイジング剤塗布炭素繊維の表面の(a)/(b)の値
(II)前記サイジング剤塗布炭素繊維をアセトン溶媒中で超音波処理することで、サイジング剤付着量を0.09~0.20質量%まで洗浄したサイジング剤塗布炭素繊維の表面の(a)/(b)の値
(III)0.50≦(I)≦0.90かつ0.60<(II)/(I)<1.0 - 前記サイジング剤は、前記芳香族エポキシ化合物(B1)を少なくとも含む水エマルジョン液と、前記脂肪族エポキシ化合物(A)を少なくとも含む組成物を混合したものであることを特徴とする、請求項1~24のいずれか一つに記載のプリプレグ。
- 請求項1~25のいずれか一つに記載のプリプレグを成形してなることを特徴とする炭素繊維強化複合材料。
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP13822867.1A EP2862893B1 (en) | 2012-07-25 | 2013-07-16 | Prepreg and carbon-fiber-reinforced composite material |
US14/416,234 US9683326B2 (en) | 2012-07-25 | 2013-07-16 | Prepreg and carbon fiber reinforced composite material |
EP18153965.1A EP3401357A1 (en) | 2012-07-25 | 2013-07-16 | Prepreg and carbon fiber reinforced composite material |
KR1020157001547A KR101532194B1 (ko) | 2012-07-25 | 2013-07-16 | 프리프레그 및 탄소 섬유 강화 복합 재료 |
JP2013533438A JP5516828B1 (ja) | 2012-07-25 | 2013-07-16 | プリプレグおよび炭素繊維強化複合材料 |
CN201380038854.2A CN104508022B (zh) | 2012-07-25 | 2013-07-16 | 预浸料坯及碳纤维增强复合材料 |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2012165148 | 2012-07-25 | ||
JP2012-165148 | 2012-07-25 | ||
JP2013-013586 | 2013-01-28 | ||
JP2013013586 | 2013-01-28 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2014017339A1 true WO2014017339A1 (ja) | 2014-01-30 |
Family
ID=49997153
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2013/069317 WO2014017339A1 (ja) | 2012-07-25 | 2013-07-16 | プリプレグおよび炭素繊維強化複合材料 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9683326B2 (ja) |
EP (2) | EP3401357A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5516828B1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101532194B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN104508022B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2014017339A1 (ja) |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2015146781A1 (ja) * | 2014-03-24 | 2015-10-01 | 東レ株式会社 | プリプレグおよび繊維強化複合材料 |
JP2015183164A (ja) * | 2014-03-26 | 2015-10-22 | 東レ株式会社 | プリプレグおよびその製造方法、ならびに炭素繊維強化複合材料 |
WO2016043156A1 (ja) * | 2014-09-19 | 2016-03-24 | 東レ株式会社 | 切込プリプレグおよび切込プリプレグシート |
JP2016199681A (ja) * | 2015-04-10 | 2016-12-01 | 東邦テナックス株式会社 | 繊維強化複合材料 |
WO2017018287A1 (ja) * | 2015-07-29 | 2017-02-02 | 国立大学法人福井大学 | エネルギー貯蔵デバイス用集電体、エネルギー貯蔵デバイス用電極及びエネルギー貯蔵デバイス |
JP2017031396A (ja) * | 2015-07-30 | 2017-02-09 | ゼネラル・エレクトリック・カンパニイ | Cmc材料における繊維間隔の改善された均一性 |
CN106536605A (zh) * | 2014-07-28 | 2017-03-22 | 东邦特耐克丝株式会社 | 预浸料和纤维强化复合材料 |
EP3208376A4 (en) * | 2015-01-21 | 2017-11-08 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Sizing agent-coated carbon fiber bundle, method for manufacturing same, prepreg, and carbon fiber-reinforced composite material |
JP2018087274A (ja) * | 2016-11-28 | 2018-06-07 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 樹脂成形材料およびその成形品 |
WO2018151255A1 (ja) * | 2017-02-16 | 2018-08-23 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | 炭素繊維前駆体アクリル繊維、炭素繊維およびそれらの製造方法 |
JPWO2020235489A1 (ja) * | 2019-05-23 | 2020-11-26 | ||
WO2023008357A1 (ja) * | 2021-07-27 | 2023-02-02 | 東レ株式会社 | 炭素繊維強化複合材料 |
Families Citing this family (36)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2013099707A1 (ja) * | 2011-12-27 | 2013-07-04 | 東レ株式会社 | サイジング剤塗布炭素繊維、サイジング剤塗布炭素繊維の製造方法、プリプレグおよび炭素繊維強化複合材料 |
EP3131100A4 (en) * | 2014-03-25 | 2018-04-18 | NTN Corporation | Magnetic core component, magnetic element, and production method for magnetic core component |
WO2016118617A1 (en) | 2015-01-22 | 2016-07-28 | Neptune Research, Inc. | Composite reinforcement systems and methods of manufacturing the same |
GB2536255B (en) | 2015-03-10 | 2017-11-01 | Gurit (Uk) Ltd | Moulding material for composite panels |
EP3321320B1 (en) * | 2015-07-06 | 2019-10-02 | Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc. | Resin composition, prepreg, resin sheet, metal foil-clad laminate, and printed circuit board |
CN107849361B (zh) | 2015-07-06 | 2020-10-16 | 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 | 树脂组合物、预浸料、树脂片、覆金属箔层叠板和印刷电路板 |
CN106592242B (zh) * | 2015-10-14 | 2020-11-06 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种改性环氧树脂大丝束通用型碳纤维上浆剂、制备方法及其应用 |
CN106592241B (zh) * | 2015-10-14 | 2020-11-06 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种改性环氧树脂小丝束通用型碳纤维上浆剂、制备方法及其应用 |
DE102016002011A1 (de) | 2016-02-20 | 2017-08-24 | Universität Kassel | Verfahren zur Haftverbesserung von Silikon auf einer thermoplastischen Oberfläche |
CA3020670A1 (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2017-10-19 | Teijin Limited | Prepreg, fiber-reinforced composite material, and surface-modified reinforcing fibers |
WO2017221921A1 (ja) * | 2016-06-23 | 2017-12-28 | 東レ株式会社 | 筐体及び筐体の製造方法 |
WO2018037881A1 (ja) * | 2016-08-25 | 2018-03-01 | 日本電気株式会社 | フレキシブル電極及びセンサー素子 |
CN109689744B (zh) * | 2016-09-13 | 2023-05-23 | 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 | 用于制备高面积重量纤维贮存稳定性预浸料或模制复合中间体的掺杂催化剂的上浆剂 |
CN108004779B (zh) * | 2016-10-28 | 2022-02-08 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种碳纤维用聚芳醚酮树脂基悬浮液上浆剂及其制备方法 |
CN106404850B (zh) * | 2016-11-08 | 2023-07-25 | 南京航空航天大学 | 碳纤维复合材料各向异性电导率及层间接触电阻率的测试方法 |
KR101913494B1 (ko) * | 2017-02-08 | 2018-10-30 | 도레이첨단소재 주식회사 | 탄소 섬유 시트 몰딩 컴파운드의 제조 방법 및 제조 장치 |
RU2019129529A (ru) * | 2017-02-24 | 2021-03-24 | Торэй Индастриз, Инк. | Покрытый проклеивающим средством пучок углеродного волокна, композиция термопластической смолы, формованное тело, способ для производства покрытого проклеивающим средством пучка углеродного волокна и способ для производства формованного тела |
CN108794785A (zh) * | 2017-04-26 | 2018-11-13 | 深圳光启高等理工研究院 | 预浸料及其制备方法 |
CN107015029B (zh) * | 2017-05-11 | 2019-12-13 | 四川理工学院 | 原子力显微镜接触模式表征用碳素材料样本的制做方法 |
KR101968646B1 (ko) * | 2017-05-24 | 2019-04-12 | 재단법인 한국섬유기계융합연구원 | 탄소섬유강화플라스틱용 탄소섬유의 표면개질방법 및 그 표면개질방법에 의해 제조된 탄소섬유 |
CN108004780B (zh) * | 2017-11-29 | 2021-01-19 | 天津工大航泰复合材料有限公司 | 用于氰酸酯树脂基体的碳纤维表面处理剂及其制备方法 |
CN108099330A (zh) * | 2018-01-10 | 2018-06-01 | 上伟(江苏)碳纤复合材料有限公司 | 一种碳纤维预浸带及其制备方法 |
PL3800048T3 (pl) | 2018-04-24 | 2022-07-18 | Qarbon Aerospace (Foundation), Llc | Kompozytowa konstrukcja lotnicza ze zintegrowanym elementem grzewczym |
WO2019213529A1 (en) | 2018-05-03 | 2019-11-07 | Triumph Aerostructures, Llc. | Thermoplastic aerostructure with localized ply isolation and method for forming aerostructure |
CN109016790A (zh) * | 2018-10-19 | 2018-12-18 | 戈尔科技(深圳)有限公司 | 用于由含纤维材料制成层压产品的生产方法、生产设备及层压产品 |
CN109608827A (zh) * | 2018-12-17 | 2019-04-12 | 中航复合材料有限责任公司 | 一种真空袋压成型高韧性预浸料及其复合材料的制备方法 |
US11826993B2 (en) * | 2019-02-21 | 2023-11-28 | Textron Innovations Inc. | Thermally conductive curing process for composite rotorcraft structure fabrication |
CN111098427A (zh) * | 2019-11-21 | 2020-05-05 | 深圳市郎搏万先进材料有限公司 | 一种丝束预浸料、以及复合材料高压储氢罐及其制备工艺 |
EP4074765A4 (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2023-12-20 | Toray Industries, Inc. | PREPREG, LAMINATE AND INTEGRATED MOLDING |
TW202124495A (zh) * | 2019-12-25 | 2021-07-01 | 日商Dic股份有限公司 | 預浸體及成形品 |
CN114929789B (zh) * | 2020-03-11 | 2024-08-23 | 三菱化学株式会社 | Cfrp结构体、cfrp结构体的制造方法、碳纤维预浸料和碳纤维预浸料的制造方法 |
US20230272577A1 (en) * | 2020-07-07 | 2023-08-31 | Teijin Limited | Carbon fiber bundle with adhered sizing agent |
KR102443363B1 (ko) | 2020-07-30 | 2022-09-15 | 국방과학연구소 | 레이돔용 섬유강화 복합소재 및 이의 제조 방법 |
CN112250940A (zh) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-01-22 | 长春工业大学 | 一种负载路易斯酸的短切碳纤维增强聚烯烃复合材料及其制备方法 |
JP7491246B2 (ja) * | 2021-03-12 | 2024-05-28 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 導電性ペーストおよびセラミック電子部品 |
CN115558238B (zh) * | 2022-09-22 | 2024-06-07 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | 超混杂导电树脂、预浸料、复合材料及材料的制备方法 |
Citations (29)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS4728067A (ja) | 1971-01-16 | 1972-10-31 | ||
JPS4983767A (ja) | 1972-12-15 | 1974-08-12 | ||
JPS5141770A (ja) | 1974-10-07 | 1976-04-08 | Toray Industries | Purasuchitsukufuirumu no hyomenshorihoho |
JPS51131576A (en) | 1975-04-30 | 1976-11-16 | Agfa Gevaert Ag | Method of corona treating of travelling film web and apparatus thereof |
JPS5841973A (ja) | 1981-09-07 | 1983-03-11 | 東邦レーヨン株式会社 | 炭素繊維用エマルジヨン型サイジング剤 |
JPS5971479A (ja) | 1982-10-12 | 1984-04-23 | 東邦レーヨン株式会社 | 炭素繊維用サイジング剤 |
JPS63170428A (ja) | 1987-01-07 | 1988-07-14 | Toray Ind Inc | プリプレグの製造方法 |
JPS63170427A (ja) | 1987-01-07 | 1988-07-14 | Toray Ind Inc | 繊維強化プリプレグの製造方法 |
JPS6426651A (en) | 1987-01-06 | 1989-01-27 | Toray Industries | Production of prepreg |
JPH01104624A (ja) | 1987-10-16 | 1989-04-21 | Toray Ind Inc | 樹脂微粒子を用いたプリプレグ |
JPH0232843A (ja) | 1988-07-22 | 1990-02-02 | Toho Rayon Co Ltd | 成形物中間体並びに成形物 |
JPH0269566A (ja) | 1988-07-15 | 1990-03-08 | Amoco Corp | 細長く伸びた剛性の粒で強靱化された繊維強化複合材 |
JPH02307979A (ja) | 1989-05-23 | 1990-12-21 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd | 炭素繊維用サイジング剤 |
JPH0326750A (ja) | 1989-06-23 | 1991-02-05 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | 繊維強化複合材料 |
US5028478A (en) | 1986-12-25 | 1991-07-02 | Troy Industries, Inc. | Fiber reinforced composite materials having resin practice inter-layer zones |
JPH04292634A (ja) | 1991-03-20 | 1992-10-16 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd | プリプレグ |
WO1994016003A1 (en) | 1993-01-14 | 1994-07-21 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Prepreg, method of manufacturing the same, and laminated composite |
JPH06344519A (ja) | 1993-06-07 | 1994-12-20 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd | 樹脂成形材料 |
JPH0751905B2 (ja) | 1986-12-27 | 1995-06-05 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 内燃エンジンの始動後燃料供給制御方法 |
JPH07279040A (ja) * | 1993-08-25 | 1995-10-24 | Toray Ind Inc | 炭素繊維およびその製造方法 |
JPH085043B2 (ja) | 1993-09-16 | 1996-01-24 | 丸孝天然木化粧合板株式会社 | 化粧板及びその製造方法 |
JPH0834864A (ja) | 1994-07-22 | 1996-02-06 | Nippon Steel Chem Co Ltd | 耐衝撃性プリプレグ |
JP2002173873A (ja) | 2000-09-19 | 2002-06-21 | Toray Ind Inc | 炭素繊維糸条、そのパッケージ状物及び炭素繊維シートの製造方法 |
JP2002309487A (ja) | 2001-04-11 | 2002-10-23 | Toray Ind Inc | 炭素繊維束 |
WO2003010383A1 (fr) | 2001-07-24 | 2003-02-06 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. | Produit d'encollage pour fibre de carbone, dispersion aqueuse de ce produit, fibre de carbone encollee, feuille comprenant la fibre de carbone et materiau composite renforce avec la fibre de carbone |
JP2005179826A (ja) | 2003-12-19 | 2005-07-07 | Toray Ind Inc | サイジング被覆炭素繊維およびその製造方法 |
JP2005213687A (ja) | 2004-01-30 | 2005-08-11 | Toray Ind Inc | 炭素繊維束の製造方法 |
JP2005256226A (ja) | 2004-03-12 | 2005-09-22 | Toray Ind Inc | サイジング被覆炭素繊維およびその製造方法 |
JP2008280624A (ja) | 2007-05-08 | 2008-11-20 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd | 炭素繊維用サイズ剤、その水分散液、炭素繊維、及び炭素繊維強化複合材料 |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3573916A (en) | 1968-04-08 | 1971-04-06 | Eastman Kodak Co | Method for preparing color elements providing mottle-free dye images |
US3549406A (en) | 1968-04-26 | 1970-12-22 | Eastman Kodak Co | Process of coating polymer surfaces activated by corona discharge |
US5462799A (en) | 1993-08-25 | 1995-10-31 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Carbon fibers and process for preparing same |
TW459075B (en) | 1996-05-24 | 2001-10-11 | Toray Ind Co Ltd | Carbon fiber, acrylic fiber and preparation thereof |
GB0020620D0 (en) | 2000-08-22 | 2000-10-11 | Cytec Tech Corp | Compostions adapted for chain linking |
CN100591713C (zh) | 2004-02-27 | 2010-02-24 | 东丽株式会社 | 碳纤维增强复合材料用环氧树脂组合物、预浸料坯、一体化成型品、纤维增强复合材料板及电气·电子设备用外壳 |
JP5250972B2 (ja) | 2004-02-27 | 2013-07-31 | 東レ株式会社 | 炭素繊維強化複合材料用エポキシ樹脂組成物、プリプレグ、一体化成形品、繊維強化複合材料板、および電気・電子機器用筐体 |
JP2005280124A (ja) * | 2004-03-30 | 2005-10-13 | Toray Ind Inc | 炭素繊維強化シート状物および炭素繊維強化複合材料 |
JP4969363B2 (ja) * | 2006-08-07 | 2012-07-04 | 東レ株式会社 | プリプレグおよび炭素繊維強化複合材料 |
JP5359125B2 (ja) * | 2007-08-29 | 2013-12-04 | 東レ株式会社 | プリプレグおよび炭素繊維強化複合材料 |
WO2013099707A1 (ja) * | 2011-12-27 | 2013-07-04 | 東レ株式会社 | サイジング剤塗布炭素繊維、サイジング剤塗布炭素繊維の製造方法、プリプレグおよび炭素繊維強化複合材料 |
-
2013
- 2013-07-16 CN CN201380038854.2A patent/CN104508022B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-07-16 EP EP18153965.1A patent/EP3401357A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-07-16 US US14/416,234 patent/US9683326B2/en active Active
- 2013-07-16 KR KR1020157001547A patent/KR101532194B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2013-07-16 WO PCT/JP2013/069317 patent/WO2014017339A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2013-07-16 JP JP2013533438A patent/JP5516828B1/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-07-16 EP EP13822867.1A patent/EP2862893B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (29)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS4728067A (ja) | 1971-01-16 | 1972-10-31 | ||
JPS4983767A (ja) | 1972-12-15 | 1974-08-12 | ||
JPS5141770A (ja) | 1974-10-07 | 1976-04-08 | Toray Industries | Purasuchitsukufuirumu no hyomenshorihoho |
JPS51131576A (en) | 1975-04-30 | 1976-11-16 | Agfa Gevaert Ag | Method of corona treating of travelling film web and apparatus thereof |
JPS5841973A (ja) | 1981-09-07 | 1983-03-11 | 東邦レーヨン株式会社 | 炭素繊維用エマルジヨン型サイジング剤 |
JPS5971479A (ja) | 1982-10-12 | 1984-04-23 | 東邦レーヨン株式会社 | 炭素繊維用サイジング剤 |
US5028478A (en) | 1986-12-25 | 1991-07-02 | Troy Industries, Inc. | Fiber reinforced composite materials having resin practice inter-layer zones |
JPH0751905B2 (ja) | 1986-12-27 | 1995-06-05 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 内燃エンジンの始動後燃料供給制御方法 |
JPS6426651A (en) | 1987-01-06 | 1989-01-27 | Toray Industries | Production of prepreg |
JPS63170427A (ja) | 1987-01-07 | 1988-07-14 | Toray Ind Inc | 繊維強化プリプレグの製造方法 |
JPS63170428A (ja) | 1987-01-07 | 1988-07-14 | Toray Ind Inc | プリプレグの製造方法 |
JPH01104624A (ja) | 1987-10-16 | 1989-04-21 | Toray Ind Inc | 樹脂微粒子を用いたプリプレグ |
JPH0269566A (ja) | 1988-07-15 | 1990-03-08 | Amoco Corp | 細長く伸びた剛性の粒で強靱化された繊維強化複合材 |
JPH0232843A (ja) | 1988-07-22 | 1990-02-02 | Toho Rayon Co Ltd | 成形物中間体並びに成形物 |
JPH02307979A (ja) | 1989-05-23 | 1990-12-21 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd | 炭素繊維用サイジング剤 |
JPH0326750A (ja) | 1989-06-23 | 1991-02-05 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | 繊維強化複合材料 |
JPH04292634A (ja) | 1991-03-20 | 1992-10-16 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd | プリプレグ |
WO1994016003A1 (en) | 1993-01-14 | 1994-07-21 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Prepreg, method of manufacturing the same, and laminated composite |
JPH06344519A (ja) | 1993-06-07 | 1994-12-20 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd | 樹脂成形材料 |
JPH07279040A (ja) * | 1993-08-25 | 1995-10-24 | Toray Ind Inc | 炭素繊維およびその製造方法 |
JPH085043B2 (ja) | 1993-09-16 | 1996-01-24 | 丸孝天然木化粧合板株式会社 | 化粧板及びその製造方法 |
JPH0834864A (ja) | 1994-07-22 | 1996-02-06 | Nippon Steel Chem Co Ltd | 耐衝撃性プリプレグ |
JP2002173873A (ja) | 2000-09-19 | 2002-06-21 | Toray Ind Inc | 炭素繊維糸条、そのパッケージ状物及び炭素繊維シートの製造方法 |
JP2002309487A (ja) | 2001-04-11 | 2002-10-23 | Toray Ind Inc | 炭素繊維束 |
WO2003010383A1 (fr) | 2001-07-24 | 2003-02-06 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. | Produit d'encollage pour fibre de carbone, dispersion aqueuse de ce produit, fibre de carbone encollee, feuille comprenant la fibre de carbone et materiau composite renforce avec la fibre de carbone |
JP2005179826A (ja) | 2003-12-19 | 2005-07-07 | Toray Ind Inc | サイジング被覆炭素繊維およびその製造方法 |
JP2005213687A (ja) | 2004-01-30 | 2005-08-11 | Toray Ind Inc | 炭素繊維束の製造方法 |
JP2005256226A (ja) | 2004-03-12 | 2005-09-22 | Toray Ind Inc | サイジング被覆炭素繊維およびその製造方法 |
JP2008280624A (ja) | 2007-05-08 | 2008-11-20 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd | 炭素繊維用サイズ剤、その水分散液、炭素繊維、及び炭素繊維強化複合材料 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP2862893A4 |
Cited By (31)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2015146781A1 (ja) * | 2014-03-24 | 2015-10-01 | 東レ株式会社 | プリプレグおよび繊維強化複合材料 |
JP5831668B1 (ja) * | 2014-03-24 | 2015-12-09 | 東レ株式会社 | プリプレグおよび繊維強化複合材料 |
CN106133036B (zh) * | 2014-03-24 | 2018-05-01 | 东丽株式会社 | 预浸料坯及纤维增强复合材料 |
CN106133036A (zh) * | 2014-03-24 | 2016-11-16 | 东丽株式会社 | 预浸料坯及纤维增强复合材料 |
KR101741387B1 (ko) | 2014-03-24 | 2017-05-29 | 도레이 카부시키가이샤 | 프리프레그 및 섬유 강화 복합 재료 |
EP3093308A4 (en) * | 2014-03-24 | 2017-01-18 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Prepreg and fiber-reinforced composite material |
US10597503B2 (en) | 2014-03-24 | 2020-03-24 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Prepreg and fiber reinforced composite material |
JP2015183164A (ja) * | 2014-03-26 | 2015-10-22 | 東レ株式会社 | プリプレグおよびその製造方法、ならびに炭素繊維強化複合材料 |
CN106536605A (zh) * | 2014-07-28 | 2017-03-22 | 东邦特耐克丝株式会社 | 预浸料和纤维强化复合材料 |
CN106536605B (zh) * | 2014-07-28 | 2020-01-10 | 帝人株式会社 | 预浸料和纤维强化复合材料 |
EP3176205A4 (en) * | 2014-07-28 | 2017-06-28 | Toho Tenax Co., Ltd. | Prepreg and fiber reinforced composite material |
US10544274B2 (en) | 2014-07-28 | 2020-01-28 | Toho Tenax Co., Ltd. | Prepreg and fiber-reinforced composite material |
US10808091B2 (en) | 2014-09-19 | 2020-10-20 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Notched pre-preg and notched pre-preg sheet |
JPWO2016043156A1 (ja) * | 2014-09-19 | 2017-06-29 | 東レ株式会社 | 切込プリプレグおよび切込プリプレグシート |
WO2016043156A1 (ja) * | 2014-09-19 | 2016-03-24 | 東レ株式会社 | 切込プリプレグおよび切込プリプレグシート |
US10544275B2 (en) | 2015-01-21 | 2020-01-28 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Sizing agent coated carbon fiber bundle, method for manufacturing same, prepreg, and carbon fiber reinforced composite material |
EP3208376A4 (en) * | 2015-01-21 | 2017-11-08 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Sizing agent-coated carbon fiber bundle, method for manufacturing same, prepreg, and carbon fiber-reinforced composite material |
US11390720B2 (en) | 2015-01-21 | 2022-07-19 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Sizing agent coated carbon fiber bundle, method for manufacturing same, prepreg, and carbon fiber reinforced composite material |
JP2016199681A (ja) * | 2015-04-10 | 2016-12-01 | 東邦テナックス株式会社 | 繊維強化複合材料 |
WO2017018287A1 (ja) * | 2015-07-29 | 2017-02-02 | 国立大学法人福井大学 | エネルギー貯蔵デバイス用集電体、エネルギー貯蔵デバイス用電極及びエネルギー貯蔵デバイス |
JPWO2017018287A1 (ja) * | 2015-07-29 | 2018-05-17 | 国立大学法人福井大学 | エネルギー貯蔵デバイス用集電体、エネルギー貯蔵デバイス用電極及びエネルギー貯蔵デバイス |
JP2017031396A (ja) * | 2015-07-30 | 2017-02-09 | ゼネラル・エレクトリック・カンパニイ | Cmc材料における繊維間隔の改善された均一性 |
JP2018087274A (ja) * | 2016-11-28 | 2018-06-07 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 樹脂成形材料およびその成形品 |
JPWO2018151255A1 (ja) * | 2017-02-16 | 2019-11-07 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | 炭素繊維前駆体アクリル繊維、炭素繊維およびそれらの製造方法 |
WO2018151255A1 (ja) * | 2017-02-16 | 2018-08-23 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | 炭素繊維前駆体アクリル繊維、炭素繊維およびそれらの製造方法 |
US11959197B2 (en) | 2017-02-16 | 2024-04-16 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Carbon fiber precursor acrylic fiber, carbon fiber, and method for producing same |
JPWO2020235489A1 (ja) * | 2019-05-23 | 2020-11-26 | ||
WO2020235489A1 (ja) * | 2019-05-23 | 2020-11-26 | 東レ株式会社 | プリプレグ、積層体および成形品 |
JP7047923B2 (ja) | 2019-05-23 | 2022-04-05 | 東レ株式会社 | プリプレグ、積層体および成形品 |
US12049548B2 (en) | 2019-05-23 | 2024-07-30 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Prepreg, layered body, and molding |
WO2023008357A1 (ja) * | 2021-07-27 | 2023-02-02 | 東レ株式会社 | 炭素繊維強化複合材料 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20150184333A1 (en) | 2015-07-02 |
CN104508022B (zh) | 2016-03-16 |
JPWO2014017339A1 (ja) | 2016-07-11 |
EP2862893B1 (en) | 2018-02-28 |
EP2862893A1 (en) | 2015-04-22 |
US9683326B2 (en) | 2017-06-20 |
EP3401357A1 (en) | 2018-11-14 |
KR101532194B1 (ko) | 2015-07-15 |
EP2862893A4 (en) | 2015-05-27 |
KR20150014538A (ko) | 2015-02-06 |
CN104508022A (zh) | 2015-04-08 |
JP5516828B1 (ja) | 2014-06-11 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP5516828B1 (ja) | プリプレグおよび炭素繊維強化複合材料 | |
US11286359B2 (en) | Prepreg and carbon fiber-reinforced composite material | |
JP5565529B1 (ja) | プリプレグおよび炭素繊維強化複合材料 | |
JP6011345B2 (ja) | サイジング剤塗布炭素繊維、サイジング剤塗布炭素繊維の製造方法、プリプレグおよび炭素繊維強化複合材料 | |
JP5565480B2 (ja) | プリプレグおよび炭素繊維強化複合材料 | |
JP5561350B2 (ja) | プリプレグおよび炭素繊維強化複合材料 | |
JP5516768B2 (ja) | プリプレグおよび炭素繊維強化複合材料 | |
JP6115461B2 (ja) | サイジング剤塗布炭素繊維およびその製造方法、炭素繊維強化熱可塑性樹脂組成物 | |
JP5561349B2 (ja) | プリプレグおよび炭素繊維強化複合材料 | |
JP5561390B2 (ja) | プリプレグおよび炭素繊維強化複合材料 | |
JP6070218B2 (ja) | サイジング剤塗布炭素繊維、サイジング剤塗布炭素繊維の製造方法、プリプレグおよび炭素繊維強化複合材料 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 201380038854.2 Country of ref document: CN |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2013533438 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 13822867 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2013822867 Country of ref document: EP |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20157001547 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 14416234 Country of ref document: US |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |