WO2013175949A1 - 非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013175949A1 WO2013175949A1 PCT/JP2013/062613 JP2013062613W WO2013175949A1 WO 2013175949 A1 WO2013175949 A1 WO 2013175949A1 JP 2013062613 W JP2013062613 W JP 2013062613W WO 2013175949 A1 WO2013175949 A1 WO 2013175949A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- Y10T29/49108—Electric battery cell making
- Y10T29/49115—Electric battery cell making including coating or impregnating
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a secondary battery (nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery) provided with a nonaqueous electrolyte.
- a secondary battery nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery
- this battery containing an oxalato complex compound.
- Lithium secondary batteries and other non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries are preferably used as power sources for consumer electronic devices and vehicles because they are smaller, lighter, and have higher energy density and output density than existing batteries.
- This type of battery typically includes an electrode body including a positive electrode and a negative electrode and a nonaqueous electrolyte housed in a battery case. Then, the battery (assembly) after construction is charged under a predetermined condition and adjusted to a state where it can actually be used.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery including an oxalatoborate type compound (for example, lithium bis (oxalato) borate).
- the compound having a low decomposition potential is first decomposed during the charging process, and a film having excellent stability is formed on the surface of the negative electrode active material.
- the decomposition reaction of the non-aqueous electrolyte and the like associated with subsequent charging / discharging is more preferably suppressed, and the initial characteristics and durability (for example, high temperature storage characteristics and charge / discharge cycle characteristics) of the battery can be improved.
- the surface of the negative electrode active material is covered with such a film, so that the resistance associated with charging / discharging (occlusion and release of charge carriers) increases, and other battery performance (for example, input / output characteristics, particularly in a low temperature environment). Output characteristics) may be reduced.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and the effects of the additive are appropriately exhibited, and have high battery performance under a wide range of temperature environments (for example, durability and output characteristics at a high level).
- the object is to provide a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery that can be compatible.
- the present inventors thought that the internal resistance of the battery can be reduced by controlling the coating formed on the surface of the negative electrode active material to an appropriate state, and the above-described problems can be solved. Therefore, as a result of various studies, the uneven distribution in the thickness direction of the coating derived from the oxalatoborate type compound (specifically, it exists on the outermost surface of the negative electrode active material with respect to the total amount of the coating formed on the negative electrode active material surface) It was found that a higher performance non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery can be obtained by adjusting the amount of the coating, and the present invention was completed.
- an electrode body in which a positive electrode having a positive electrode active material and a negative electrode having a negative electrode active material face each other, a nonaqueous electrolyte, and an oxalato complex compound having a boron (B) atom hereinafter referred to as “B— And a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery in which the battery case is housed in a battery case.
- a film containing boron (B) atoms derived from the B-oxalato compound is formed on the surface of the negative electrode active material.
- the ratio between the amount B M ( ⁇ g / cm 2 ) of boron atoms and the strength B A of tricoordinate boron atoms is 0.5 ⁇ B A / B M ⁇ 1. 0 is satisfied.
- the amount of boron atom B M refers to a value measured based on inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES).
- strength B A of tricoordinate boron atom refers to a value measured based on X-ray absorption fine structure analysis (XAFS).
- a coating film containing boron (B) atoms derived from the B-oxalato compound is formed on the surface of the negative electrode active material.
- a coating stabilizes the interface between the surface of the negative electrode active material and the non-aqueous electrolyte, and can favorably suppress decomposition of the non-aqueous electrolyte and the like during subsequent charging and discharging. Therefore, the battery can exhibit excellent durability even when it is exposed to a high temperature (typically about 50 ° C. to 80 ° C.) environment for a long period of time.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery disclosed herein can achieve both durability (particularly high temperature storage characteristics) and output characteristics (particularly low temperature output characteristics) at a high level under a wide range of temperature environments. it can.
- the amount of the B-oxalato compound added is 3 ⁇ mol / g or more and 200 ⁇ mol / g or less with respect to the negative electrode active material.
- a desired amount of a film can be formed on the entire negative electrode active material, so that a battery having further excellent durability can be realized.
- the internal resistance can be reduced by keeping the amount of the B-oxalato compound added relatively low, and a battery with even more excellent output characteristics can be realized. Therefore, in the battery of such an embodiment, the effect of adding the B-oxalato compound is appropriately exhibited, and the application effect of the present invention can be exhibited at a higher level.
- the negative electrode active material is in the form of particles, and the specific surface area based on the BET method of the particulate negative electrode active material is 1 m 2 / g or more and 10 m 2 / g or less.
- the specific surface area of the negative electrode active material is in the above range, a dense negative electrode mixture layer having high conductivity and excellent energy density can be produced.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte (and B-oxalato compound) can be easily immersed. Therefore, the effects of the present invention can be suitably exhibited, and durability and output characteristics can be achieved at a higher level.
- the charging process includes a first charging process in which charging is performed for a predetermined time at a predetermined charging rate set within the range of the charging rate; and charging for a predetermined time at a charging rate higher than that in the first charging step.
- a second charging process By forming the charging process in two stages, the conditions for forming a film formed in a region close to the negative electrode active material and the conditions for forming a film formed in a region (outermost surface region) away from the negative electrode active material, A preferable value can be set. That is, in the first charging process, a dense (high density) film can be formed on the surface of the negative electrode active material by setting the charging rate to a lower value.
- At least lithium bis (oxalato) borate is used as the B-oxalato compound.
- LiBOB it is possible to form a coating that is stronger and more stable on the negative electrode active material surface. Therefore, the decomposition reaction of the non-aqueous electrolyte accompanying subsequent charging / discharging can be further suitably suppressed, and a battery with higher performance can be manufactured.
- a vehicle including the assembled battery as a driving power source.
- the battery disclosed here can be used for various applications, the battery resistance is reduced as compared with the conventional battery, and it is characterized by, for example, excellent high-temperature storage characteristics and output characteristics in a low-temperature environment. Therefore, it can be suitably used as a power source (driving power source) for driving a motor mounted on a vehicle, for example, applications requiring high durability and output characteristics under a wide temperature environment.
- nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery disclosed herein. Matters necessary for implementation other than matters specifically mentioned in the present specification can be grasped as design matters of those skilled in the art based on the prior art in this field.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery having such a structure can be implemented based on the contents disclosed in the present specification and common technical knowledge in the field.
- the case of a lithium secondary battery may be described in more detail as a typical example, but the application target of the present invention is not intended to be limited to such a battery.
- the ratio between the amount B M ( ⁇ g / cm 2 ) of boron on the negative electrode active material surface and the strength B A of tricoordinate boron is as follows: 0.5 ⁇ B A / B M ⁇ 1.0 (Preferably 0.6 ⁇ B A / B M ⁇ 0.8).
- the decomposition of the non-aqueous electrolyte and the like can be suitably suppressed by the boron atom-containing coating on the surface of the negative electrode active material, thereby exhibiting excellent durability.
- a tricoordinate boron atom (BK end) having a peak at an energy of 193 eV to 194 eV, and a value obtained by subtracting a baseline value from the obtained peak intensity is “tricoordinate boron. Atomic strength B A ”.
- the baseline is determined based on spectral data in the range of 191 eV to 192 eV. Since the X-ray penetration depth of XAFS is several tens of nm, boron (B) in the coating existing in a region several tens of nm deep from the outermost surface of the negative electrode active material can be measured here. Specific measurement devices and measurement conditions will be described in detail in the examples described later.
- the “amount of boron atom B M ” can be measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry.
- ICP-AES inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry
- a measurement sample a negative electrode mixture layer
- boron (B) atoms as a measurement target
- an acid solvent to obtain boron.
- the total amount of the boron (B) atom which exists on a negative electrode (negative electrode active material) is measured by analyzing this solution.
- AES mass Spectrometry
- MS Mass Spectrometry
- Factors that can greatly affect the above B A / B M values include, for example, the amount of B-oxalato compound added and the charging rate in the charging process. In general, if the other conditions are the same, the value of B M increases in proportion to an increase in the amount of B-oxalato compound added. Further, as shown in the examples described later, the value of B A is greatly affected by the charging rate in the charging process (typically the initial charging process).
- the values of B A and B M are not particularly limited as long as the above B A / BM values are satisfied. For example, if the value of B M is too large, the internal resistance may increase and the output characteristics may deteriorate. . In the case the value of B M is too small, there is a risk of insufficient durability.
- the battery disclosed here is, for example, (1) Constructing a battery by housing an electrode body having a positive electrode having a positive electrode active material and a negative electrode having a negative electrode active material facing each other, a non-aqueous electrolyte, and a B-oxalato compound in a battery case. , (2) Charging treatment is performed so that the voltage between the positive electrode and the negative electrode becomes a predetermined value, and a film containing boron (B) atoms derived from the B-oxalato compound is formed on the surface of the negative electrode active material.
- it is 0.05% by mass or more (typically 0.1% by mass with respect to the total of 100% by mass of the substitution element, Ni, Co, and Mn. % Or more, for example, 0.2% by mass or more) and 5% by mass or less (typically 3% by mass or less, for example, 2.5% by mass or less).
- the binder one or more kinds of substances conventionally used in non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries can be used without any particular limitation.
- a polymer material that is dispersed or dissolved in the organic solvent can be preferably used.
- examples of such a polymer material include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), polyvinylidene chloride (PVdC), and polyethylene oxide.
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PVdC polyvinylidene chloride
- polyethylene oxide polyethylene oxide
- the positive electrode mixture layer is formed using an aqueous slurry
- a polymer material that is dissolved or dispersed in water can be preferably used.
- the B-oxalato compound has a structural site in which at least one oxalate ion (C 2 O 4 2 ⁇ ) is coordinated to boron (B).
- Typical examples include compounds represented by the following formula (II) or (III).
- compounds represented by the following formula (II) or (III) those prepared by a known method or those obtained by purchasing a commercially available product are not particularly limited, and one or more kinds thereof can be used.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte disclosed herein may contain components other than the above-described non-aqueous solvent, supporting salt and B-oxalato compound as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired.
- optional components include film-forming materials other than B-oxalato compounds (for example, vinylene carbonate (VC), vinyl ethylene carbonate (VEC), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC)), and compounds that generate gas during overcharge (For example, biphenyl (BP), cyclohexylbenzene (CHB)), and various additives such as a material that can function as a dispersant or a thickener.
- the charging rate to 1.5 C or more, it is possible to form a film having a smaller resistance than the conventional one.
- the charging rate to 10 C or lower (for example, 5 C or lower)
- the B-oxalato compound can be suitably decomposed, and a strong and dense film can be stably formed on the surface of the negative electrode active material.
- the boron atom ratio (B A / B M ) can be adjusted to a suitable value, and a battery excellent in durability and output characteristics can be manufactured.
- the charging rate of the second charging process is set to a value not less than 1.5 times and not more than 3 times the charging rate of the first charging process.
- the difference in charge rate is within the above range, a battery with further reduced resistance and excellent output characteristics can be manufactured. Therefore, the application effect of the present invention can be exhibited at an even higher level.
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
- each battery was disassembled in a glove box in which the dew point was controlled to ⁇ 80 ° C. or lower, and the negative electrode was taken out. And it moved to the air
- an X-ray absorption spectrum (approximately 193 eV to 194 eV) of a tricoordinate boron (B) atom was measured under the following conditions.
- the peak intensity B A was determined by subtracting the baseline value from the peak value.
- the results are shown in the corresponding column of Table 2 below.
- Measuring device Saga Prefectural Kyushu Synchrotron Light Research Center BL-12 Measurement absorption end: BK end (190 eV to 210 eV) Mirror used: M22 (180 eV to 550 eV) Slit: S1; 10 ⁇ m, S2; 10 ⁇ m
- the battery after high-temperature storage was again charged and discharged under the same conditions as in the initial capacity measurement described above, and the discharge capacity after high-temperature storage was determined.
- the discharge capacity after high temperature storage according to each example was standardized by dividing by 100 the discharge capacity of Example 1 and multiplying by 100. The results are shown in the corresponding column of Table 2.
- FIG. 6 shows the relationship between B A / B M (horizontal axis) and low-temperature output characteristics (vertical axis).
- the low-temperature output characteristics as the value of B A / B M is smaller is high (good) results. More specifically, among the batteries of Examples 1 to 6 in which the charging rate is constant, when the charging rate of the charging process is 1.5 C or more (in the case of Examples 3 to 5, that is, 0.55 ⁇ B A / B M ⁇ 0.63), it was found that the low temperature characteristics can be improved by about 10% compared to the case of Example 1.
Abstract
Description
なお、本国際出願は2012年5月22日に出願された日本国特許出願2012-116775号に基づく優先権を主張しており、その出願の全内容は本明細書中に参照として組み入れられている。
充電レートを5C以下とすることでB-オキサラト化合物を好適に分解することができ、負極活物質の表面に強固で緻密な被膜を形成することができる。また、充電レートを1.5C以上とすることで、従来に比べ抵抗の小さな被膜を形成することができる。このため、上記製造方法によれば、ホウ素原子の比(BA/BM)を好適な値に調節することができ、耐久性や出力特性に優れた電池を製造することができる。さらに、ここで開示される製造方法では充電処理という比較的簡便な処理のみで負極活物質上に好適な被膜を形成することができる。このことは、生産性や作業効率の観点からも好ましい。なお、1Cとは理論容量より予測した電池容量(Ah)を1時間で充電できる電流値を意味する。例えば電池容量が24Ahの場合は、1C=24Aである。
即ち、本願発明を特徴づけるBA/BMとは、負極上(負極活物質上)に形成されたB-オキサラト化合物由来の被膜が、どの程度最表面側に偏在しているか(つまりはホウ素(B)原子含有被膜の偏在度)を示すものである。
BAおよびBMの値は、上記のBA/BM値を満たす限りにおいて特に限定されないが、例えばBMの値があまりに大きい場合は、内部抵抗が高くなり出力特性が悪化する虞がある。またBMの値があまりに小さい場合は、耐久性が不足する虞がある。よって、0.01≦BM≦0.5(例えば0.05≦BM≦0.2)とすることが好ましい。また、BAの値は、0.01≦BA≦0.1(典型的には0.01<BA<0.1、例えば0.02≦BA≦0.06)とすることができる。
(1)正極活物質を有する正極と負極活物質を有する負極とが対向してなる電極体と、非水電解質と、B-オキサラト化合物と、を電池ケース内に収容して電池を構築すること、
(2)上記正極と上記負極の間の電圧が所定の値となるよう充電処理を行い、上記負極活物質の表面にB-オキサラト化合物由来のホウ素(B)原子を含有する被膜を形成すること、
を包含する方法によって製造することができる。以下、該電池の作製方法について順に説明する。
負極集電体としては、導電性の良好な金属(例えば、銅、ニッケル、チタン、ステンレス鋼等)からなる導電性部材を好ましく用いることができる。また、負極集電体の形状は、例えば、正極集電体の形状と同様とすることができる。
なお、本明細書において「粒径」とは、一般的なレーザー回折・光散乱法に基づく粒度分布測定により測定した体積基準の粒度分布において、微粒子側からの累積50%に相当する粒径(D50粒径、メジアン径ともいう。)をいう。また、本明細書において「比表面積」とは、BET法(例えばBET1点法)に基づく比表面積測定によって測定された値をいう。
また、電池内におけるB-オキサラト化合物の総量があまりに多い場合には、電池の通常使用温度域(例えば、0℃~-50℃)において該化合物が析出したり、或いは電池の内部抵抗が高くなったりすることがあり得る。このため、非水電解質にB-オキサラト化合物を添加する場合は、非水電解質の全量に対して、例えば0.005mol/L以上(典型的には0.01mol/L以上)であって、0.1mol/L以下(典型的には0.05mol/L以下、例えば0.03mol/L以下)の添加量とすることが好ましい。上記範囲にある場合、本願発明の効果をより好適に発揮することができ、更に高い電池性能を実現することができる。
かかる化合物は、典型的には上記非水電解質(あるいは上記非水電解質に用いた非水溶媒)に含有させた状態で電池ケース内に添加する。あるいは、電極(例えば負極)やセパレータ等の非水電解質以外の電池構成部材に直接添加(例えば塗布)することもできる。
図1および図2に示すように、本実施形態に係る非水電解質二次電池100は、捲回電極体80と、電池ケース(外容器)50とを備える。この電池ケース50は、上端が開放された扁平な直方体形状(角形)の電池ケース本体52と、その開口部を塞ぐ蓋体54とを備える。電池ケース50の上面(即ち蓋体54)には、捲回電極体80の正極シートと電気的に接続する正極端子70および該電極体の負極シートと電気的に接続する負極端子72が設けられている。また、蓋体54には、電池ケース内部で発生したガスをケースの外部に排出するための安全弁55が備えられている。
正極活物質粉末としてのLiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2(LNCM)と、導電材としてのアセチレンブラック(AB)と、バインダとしてのポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)とを、これら材料の質量比率がLNCM:AB:PVdF=90:8:2となるよう混練機に投入し、固形分濃度(NV)が50質量%となるようにN-メチルピロリドン(NMP)で粘度を調製しながら混練し、正極活物質スラリーを調製した。このスラリーを厚み15μmのアルミニウム箔(正極集電体)の両面に目付量が(片面あたり)11mg/cm2となるように塗布して、乾燥後にプレスすることによって正極集電体上に正極合材層を有する正極シート(厚み65μm、電極密度2.8g/cm3)を作製した。
<例1~10>
上記構築した電池について、異なる充電パターンで処理を行った。即ち、表1に示すように、例1~6では、該当欄に示す充電レート(電流値)で正負端子間の電圧が4.1Vに到達するまで定電流充電(CC充電)を行った後、電流値が0.02Cになるまで定電圧充電(CV充電)を行った。また、例7~10では、(1)に示す条件でCC充電を行った後、(2)に示す条件CCCV充電を行った。即ち、(1)に示す充電レートで所定の時間CC充電を行った後、例1~6と同様に(2)に示す条件でCCCV充電を行った。なお、充電処理は各例につき3セルずつ(N=3で)行った。
<XAFS>
水分による試料の変質を抑制するため、露点が-80℃以下に制御されたグローブボックス中で各電池の解体作業を行い、負極を取り出した。そして、グローブボックス中で大気非解放試料搬送装置に移し、負極が大気に触れないように保った状態で測定装置(BL)に導入した。かかる負極について、以下の条件で3配位のホウ素(B)原子のX線吸収スペクトル(凡そ193eV~194eV)を測定した。得られたX線吸収スペクトルにおいて、ピーク値からベースライン値を差し引いて、ピーク強度BAを求めた。結果を下表2の該当欄に示す。
測定装置 :佐賀県立九州シンクロトロン光研究センター BL-12
測定吸収端:B-K端(190eV~210eV)
使用ミラー:M22(180eV~550eV)
スリット :S1;10μm、S2;10μm
取り出した負極を、非水電解質として用いた非水溶媒(EC:DMC:EMC=1:1:1の体積比で含む混合溶媒)で2~3回軽く洗浄した。そして、負極(負極合材層)を任意の大きさ(ここでは1cm2)に打ち抜いてICP-AES分析用の測定用試料を得た。該測定用試料を酸溶媒中(ここでは硫酸を用いた。)に加熱溶解させ、かかる溶液をICP-AESで分析することによって、ホウ素(B)原子の含有量(μg)を測定した。そして、得られた値を測定用試料の面積(cm2)で除すことにより、単位面積当たりのホウ素(B)原子の量BM(μg/cm2)を算出した。結果を下表2の該当欄に示す。
また、XAFSの測定結果BAとICP-AESの測定結果BMとの比(BA/BM)を、併せて下表2および図6に示す。
例1~10の各電池について、25℃で3サイクルの充放電(ここでは、4Aの電流で4.1Vまで定電流で充電する操作と、4Aの電流で3.0Vまで定電流で放電する操作を3回繰り返す充放電)を行い、3サイクル目の放電容量を各電池の初期容量(即ち、充電深度(SOC:State of Charge)が100%の状態)と定めた。そして、各電池をSOC80%の状態になるよう充電操作を行って電圧を調整した後、かかる電池を60℃の高温環境下において720時間(凡そ30日間)保存した。高温保存後の電池について、再び上述した初期容量測定と同様の条件で充放電を行い、高温保存後の放電容量を求めた。各例に係る高温保存後の放電容量を例1の放電容量で除して100を掛けることにより標準化した。結果を、表2の該当欄に示す。
例1~10の電池について、先ず25℃の環境下でCCCV充電を行い、SOC30%の状態に調整した。そして、かかる充電状態の電池を-30℃に設定された恒温槽内に5時間以上静置した後、40W、60W、80Wおよび100Wの定電力(CP:Constant Power)で放電させ、各放電電力において放電開始から電池電圧が2.5V(放電カット電圧)に低下するまでの時間(放電秒数)を測定した。この放電秒数を放電電力(W)に対してプロットし、放電秒数が2秒となる電力値(即ち、-30℃においてSOC30%の状態から2秒間で2.5Vまで放電する出力)を求め、これを当該電池の低温(2秒)出力(低温短時間出力)とした。該2秒出力の値を例1の結果で標準化した結果を、表2の該当欄に示す。
10 正極シート(正極)
12 正極集電体
14 正極合材層
20 負極シート(負極)
22 負極集電体
24 負極合材層
40A、40B セパレータシート(セパレータ)
50 電池ケース
52 ケース本体
54 蓋体
70 正極端子
72 負極端子
80 捲回電極体
100 非水電解質二次電池
110 冷却板
120 エンドプレート
130 拘束バンド
140 接続部材
150 スペーサ部材
155 ビス
200 組電池
Claims (12)
- 正極活物質を有する正極と負極活物質を有する負極とが対向してなる電極体と、
非水電解質と、
ホウ素(B)原子を有するオキサラト錯体化合物と、
が電池ケース内に収容された非水電解質二次電池であって、
前記負極活物質の表面には、前記オキサラト錯体化合物由来のホウ素(B)原子を含有する被膜が形成されており、
前記負極活物質の表面において、誘導結合プラズマ発光分光分析(ICP‐AES)に基づき測定されるホウ素(B)原子の量BM(μg/cm2)と、X線吸収微細構造解析(XAFS)に基づき測定される3配位のホウ素(B)原子の強度BAとの比が、0.5≦BA/BM≦1.0であることを特徴とする、非水電解質二次電池。 - 前記ホウ素(B)原子を有するオキサラト錯体化合物の添加量は、前記負極活物質に対して3μmol/g以上200μmol/g以下である、請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記ホウ素(B)原子を有するオキサラト錯体化合物は、リチウムビス(オキサラト)ボレートである、請求項1または2に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記負極活物質は粒子状であり、該粒子状負極活物質のBET法に基づく比表面積は、1m2/g以上10m2/g以下である、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 非水電解質二次電池を製造する方法であって:
正極活物質を有する正極と負極活物質を有する負極とが対向してなる電極体と、非水電解質と、ホウ素(B)原子を有するオキサラト錯体化合物と、を電池ケース内に収容して電池を構築すること;および
前記正極と前記負極の間の電圧が所定の値となるよう充電処理を行い、前記負極活物質の表面に前記オキサラト錯体化合物由来のホウ素(B)原子を含有する被膜を形成すること;
を包含し、
ここで、前記充電処理において、充電レートを1.5C以上5C以下に設定する、非水電解質二次電池の製造方法。 - 前記充電処理は、
前記充電レートの範囲内で設定される所定の充電レートで一定時間充電する、第1充電処理;および
前記第1充電処理よりも高い充電レートで所定の電圧まで充電する、第2充電処理;
を包含する、請求項5に記載の製造方法。 - 前記第2充電処理の充電レートは、前記第1充電処理の充電レートの1.5倍以上3倍以下の値に設定する、請求項5または6に記載の製造方法。
- 前記ホウ素(B)原子を有するオキサラト錯体化合物の添加量を、前記負極活物質に対して3μmol/g以上200μmol/g以下に設定する、請求項5から7のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記オキサラト錯体化合物として、少なくともリチウムビス(オキサラト)ボレートを用いる、請求項5から8のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記負極活物質として、BET法に基づく比表面積が1m2/g以上10m2/g以下の粒子状のものを用いる、請求項9に記載の製造方法。
- 請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の非水電解質二次電池、または請求項5~10に記載の製造方法により製造された非水電解質二次電池、を複数個組み合わせた組電池。
- 請求項11に記載の組電池を駆動用電源として備える車両。
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