WO2013161045A1 - パワーモジュールおよびそれを用いた3レベル電力変換装置 - Google Patents
パワーモジュールおよびそれを用いた3レベル電力変換装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013161045A1 WO2013161045A1 PCT/JP2012/061284 JP2012061284W WO2013161045A1 WO 2013161045 A1 WO2013161045 A1 WO 2013161045A1 JP 2012061284 W JP2012061284 W JP 2012061284W WO 2013161045 A1 WO2013161045 A1 WO 2013161045A1
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- power module
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
- H02M7/487—Neutral point clamped inverters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/157—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators with digital control
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
- H02M5/02—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
- H02M5/04—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
- H02M5/22—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M5/25—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
- H02M5/27—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means for conversion of frequency
- H02M5/271—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means for conversion of frequency from a three phase input voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/003—Constructional details, e.g. physical layout, assembly, wiring or busbar connections
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/10—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices to be connected
- H01L2924/11—Device type
- H01L2924/13—Discrete devices, e.g. 3 terminal devices
- H01L2924/1304—Transistor
- H01L2924/1305—Bipolar Junction Transistor [BJT]
- H01L2924/13055—Insulated gate bipolar transistor [IGBT]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power module and a three-level power conversion device using the power module.
- a conventional three-level power converter for a railway vehicle using a power module containing two elements is an outer switching element (a switching element located on the highest potential side) among four switching elements connected in series to constitute an upper and lower arm. And the switching elements located on the lowest potential side) and the inner switching elements (two switching elements located in the middle) are each composed of a power module containing two elements, and between the two switching elements constituting the upper arm.
- a separate diode module is used as a clamp diode connected between the connection point and the connection point between the two switching elements constituting the lower arm (for example, Patent Document 1 below).
- a conventional three-level power converter for a railway vehicle using a power module with two elements is configured such that the outer switching elements and the inner switching elements are each composed of a two-element power module. For this reason, the effect that the low inductance structure inside the module contributes as a low inductance circuit necessary for a three-level power converter for a railway vehicle is not sufficient, and the characteristics as a power module with two elements cannot be fully exhibited. There was a problem.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object of the present invention is to provide a power module that can sufficiently exhibit the characteristics of a two-element power module and a three-level power converter using the power module.
- the present invention provides a first set of an outer switching element on the uppermost potential side and a neutral point clamp diode on the upper potential side constituting the power conversion circuit unit.
- Each of the second set of switching elements on the lower-potential side and the neutral point clamp diode on the lower-potential side and the third set of upper-side inner switching elements and lower-side inner switching elements is a power module containing two elements. It is characterized by using.
- FIG. 1 is a partial circuit diagram of the three-level power conversion device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a schematic shape of the power module according to Embodiment 1 configured as a two-element power module.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of the two-element power module shown in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the operation of the three-level power conversion device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of a power module with two elements used in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a partial circuit diagram of the three-level power conversion device according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a lineup of circuit configurations of the two-element power module used in the third and fourth embodiments.
- FIG. 1 is a partial circuit diagram of the three-level power conversion device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a schematic shape of the power module according to Embodiment 1 configured as a two-element power
- FIG. 8 is a partial circuit diagram of the three-level power conversion device according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram schematically showing an external connection structure in a two-terminal four-terminal power module.
- FIG. 10 is a partial circuit diagram of the three-level power conversion device according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a partial circuit diagram of a power conversion device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, illustrating a configuration of a DC circuit portion and a part of a power conversion circuit portion in a three-level power conversion device suitable for use in a railway vehicle. Show.
- this three-level power converter as shown in FIG. 1, three two-element four-terminal power modules 1a to 1c are provided. More specifically, in the configuration of the three-level power converter, the switching element 10a positioned outside the highest potential side and the switching element 12a operating as a neutral point clamp diode on the higher potential side are arranged in the first group.
- the switching element 12b located outside the lower potential side and the switching element 10b operating as a neutral point clamp diode on the lower potential side are the second group, and the two inner switching elements 10c and 12c located in the middle are the third group.
- the first set is configured with a two-element four-terminal power module 1a
- the second set is configured with a two-element four-terminal power module 1b
- the third set is configured with a two-element four-terminal.
- the power module 1c is used.
- the switching elements 12a and 10b are switching elements that are always OFF and function only as diodes (that is, unidirectional elements).
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a schematic shape of the power module according to Embodiment 1 configured as a power module with two elements
- FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of the power module with two elements shown in FIG.
- an IGBT as a switching element and a diode as a so-called flywheel diode are anti-parallel.
- the first element pair 10 and the second element pair 12 which are two element pairs connected to each other are accommodated in the package.
- the IGBT collector and the FWD cathode are electrically connected in the module, and the connection end is drawn out to the upper surface of the two-element power module 1.
- the emitter of the IGBT and the anode of the FWD are electrically connected within the module, and the connection end is drawn out and provided on the upper surface of the two-element power module 1 It is configured to be connected to the first emitter electrode E1.
- the collector of the IGBT and the cathode of the FWD are electrically connected in the module, and the connection end is drawn out and the collector first provided on the upper surface of the two-element power module 1 is provided.
- the IGBT emitter and the FWD anode are electrically connected within the module, and the connection end is drawn out and the emitter second electrode provided on the upper surface of the two-element power module 1 It is configured to be electrically connected to E2.
- the emitter first electrode E1 and the collector second electrode C2 of the two-element power module 1 are electrically connected by a conductor bar or a laminated bus bar. Then, a leg in which the first element pair 10 and the second element pair 12 are connected in series can be configured.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the operation of the three-level power converter according to the first embodiment, and shows the circuit diagram of FIG. 1 with a current path.
- a case where the current output from the AC terminal constituting the AC terminal of the three-level power converter is positive (toward the right) will be described as an example.
- the switching element 10a located on the outer side of the highest potential side (hereinafter referred to as “uppermost outer switching element”) 10a and the switching element located on the inner side of the upper side (hereinafter referred to as “upper inner switching element”) 10c are turned on.
- the switching element 12b located outside the lower potential side (hereinafter referred to as the “lowest outside switching element”) 12b and the switching element located inside the lower side (hereinafter referred to as the “lower inside switching element”) 12c are OFF.
- the current from the upper DC terminal P flows through the uppermost outer switching element 10a and the upper inner switching element 10c and is output to the AC terminal (current path A).
- the ON / OFF states of the uppermost outer switching element 10a, the lowermost outer switching element 12b, the upper inner switching element 10c, and the lower inner switching element 12c are the uppermost outer switching element 10a: ON, upper inner switching.
- the power module containing two elements that can be configured in a low inductance by being housed in the module is replaced with the uppermost outer switching element 10a and the switching element 12a, respectively, The switching element 10c and the lower inner switching element 12c and the lowest outer switching element 12b and the switching element 10b are combined. With these configurations, it is possible to obtain an effect that the low inductance circuit inside the power module contributes to the low inductance circuit necessary for the three-level power converter for a railway vehicle.
- the upper potential electrode and the lower potential electrode of one element and the upper potential electrode and the lower potential electrode of the other element in the power module containing two elements Therefore, it is possible to construct a three-level power converter for a railway vehicle using one kind of power module.
- the uppermost outer switching element 10a and the switching element 12a have the potential P
- the upper inner switching element 10c and the lower inner switching element 12c are between the potential P and the potential C or between the potential C and the potential N
- the lowermost outer switching element 12b and the switching element 10b are the potential C.
- the power modules 1a to 1c only need to have a withstand voltage to ground with respect to the voltage E.
- the three-level power conversion device according to the first embodiment has an effect that it can be configured using a power module having a small withstand voltage to ground with respect to a voltage corresponding to 1 ⁇ 2 of the voltage of the DC circuit section.
- the above-described two-element power module 1 can also be applied to a two-level power converter. Therefore, according to the three-level power conversion device according to the first embodiment, an effect that a three-level power conversion device for a railway vehicle can be configured using one type of power module that can be shared with the two-level power conversion device. Is obtained.
- FIG. FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of a two-element power module used in the second embodiment
- FIG. 6 is a partial circuit diagram of the three-level power conversion device according to the second embodiment.
- the power modules 1a to 1c constituting the three-level power conversion device are configured such that the switching element 12a in the power module 1a and the switching element 10b in the power module 1b are always OFF.
- the three-level power converter of Embodiment 2 is configured using the power module 1 shown in FIG. 2 and the power module 2 shown in FIG.
- the power module 2 includes a first element pair 20 and a second element 22 as shown in FIG.
- the first element pair 20 the collector of the IGBT and the cathode of the FWD are electrically connected in the module, the connection end is drawn out to be the collector electrode C1, and the emitter of the IGBT and the anode of the FWD are in the module. And the connection end is drawn out to be the emitter electrode E1.
- the second element 22 is provided with only a diode, the cathode of the diode is drawn out to be the cathode electrode K1, and the anode of the diode is drawn out to be the anode electrode A1.
- the extraction positions of the electrodes are for convenience and are not limited to the illustrated extraction positions.
- a power converter that drives an electric motor may have a brake chopper circuit, and the power module shown in FIG. 5 can be used for a brake chopper. That is, the three-level power conversion device according to the second embodiment is configured to be able to use a power module for a brake chopper in combination, and illustrates a power module 1c including the upper inner switching element 10c and the lower inner switching element 12c. 5, the uppermost outer switching element 20a and the higher-potential side neutral point clamp diode 22a, and the lowermost outer switching element 20b and the lower-potential side neutral point clamp diode 22b. This is composed of module 2.
- the switching element instead of always switching off the switching element connected in antiparallel, the switching element is omitted and only the diode is provided. Since the neutral point clamp diode can be used with a large capacity and has a simple configuration, the reliability is improved and the cost and size can be reduced.
- a power module that can be shared with the two-level power conversion device can be used, and a power module that can be shared with the brake chopper circuit can also be used. Therefore, the effect that the number of necessary power module lineups can be reduced is obtained.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a lineup of circuit configurations of the two-element power module used in the third and fourth embodiments. More specifically, FIG. 7A shows a two-element power module used in the three-level power conversion device according to the third and fourth embodiments, and FIGS. 7B and 7C show the fourth embodiment. This is a two-element power module used only by Note that the two-element power module shown in FIGS. 7B and 7C will be described in the section of the fourth embodiment.
- the power module 3 includes a first element pair 30 and a second element pair 32 as shown in FIG.
- the IGBT collector and the FWD cathode are electrically connected in the module, the connection end is drawn out to be the collector electrode C1, and the IGBT emitter and the FWD anode are in the module. And the connection end is drawn out to be the emitter electrode E1.
- the IGBT emitter and the FWD anode are electrically connected in the module, and the connection end is drawn out to be the emitter electrode E2, while the IGBT collector and the FWD are connected to each other.
- the cathode is connected to the emitter of the IGBT in the first element pair 30 in the module. With this configuration, the collector electrode C1 of the second element pair 32 coincides with the emitter electrode E1.
- the extraction position of each electrode is for convenience, and is not limited to the illustrated extraction position.
- FIG. 8 is a partial circuit diagram of the three-level power conversion device according to the third embodiment.
- the power modules 1a to 1c are configured by four-terminal modules as shown in FIG. 3, but in the three-level power conversion device according to the third embodiment, the power module 1a to 1c is configured as shown in FIG. It is supposed to be composed of a three-terminal module as shown in FIG. More specifically, the power module 3a including the switching element 32a operating as the uppermost outer switching element 30a and the higher-potential side neutral point clamping diode, the lowermost outer switching element 32b, and the lower-pointing side neutral point clamping diode.
- the power module 3b including the switching element 30b that operates as a power module 3c and the power module 3c including the upper inner switching element 30c and the lower inner switching element 32c are configured by the power module 3 illustrated in FIG.
- the uppermost outer switching element 30a and the switching element 32a, the lowermost outer switching element 32b and the switching element 32b, and the upper inner switching element 30c Since it is not necessary to connect the electrical connection between the lower inner switching element 32c outside the power module, an effect that a low inductance circuit can be realized as compared with the first embodiment can be obtained.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram schematically showing an external connection structure in a two-terminal four-terminal power module.
- the PN connection conductor DC wiring for connecting the DC circuit portion and each switching element
- FIG. 9B when wiring is performed avoiding the PN connection conductor 62, the length of the connection conductor inevitably increases, and an increase in inductance is inevitable.
- FIG. FIG. 10 is a partial circuit diagram of the three-level power conversion device according to the fourth embodiment.
- the three-level power conversion device according to the third embodiment an embodiment in which a switching element 32a in the power module 3a and a switching element 30b in the power module 3b are always OFF after a configuration using a two-terminal three-terminal power module is used.
- the power modules 3a to 3c constituting the three-level power converter are all configured by using the same power module 3 (see FIG. 7A).
- the three-level power converter of Embodiment 4 includes a power module 4 shown in FIG. 7B and a power module 5 shown in FIG. 7C in addition to the power module 3 shown in FIG. It is configured by using.
- the power module 4 includes a first element pair 40 and a second element 42 as shown in FIG.
- the first element pair 40 the collector of the IGBT and the cathode of the FWD are electrically connected in the module, the connection end is drawn out to be the collector electrode C1, and the emitter of the IGBT and the anode of the FWD are in the module. And the connection end is drawn out to be the emitter electrode E1.
- the second element 42 is provided with only a diode, the anode of the diode is drawn out to be the anode electrode A1, and the cathode of the diode is the first element pair 40 inside the module. Connected to the emitter of the IGBT. With this configuration, the cathode electrode K1 coincides with the emitter electrode E1.
- the extraction position of each electrode is for convenience, and is not limited to the illustrated extraction position.
- the power module 5 includes a first element pair 50 and a second element 52 as shown in FIG.
- the first element pair 50 the collector of the IGBT and the cathode of the FWD are electrically connected in the module, the connection end is drawn out to be the collector electrode C1, and the emitter of the IGBT and the anode of the FWD are in the module. And the connection end is drawn out to be the emitter electrode E1.
- the second element 52 is provided with only a diode, and the cathode of the diode is drawn out to be the cathode electrode K1, and the anode of the diode is the first inside the module. It is connected to the collector of the IGBT in the element pair 50. With this configuration, the anode electrode A1 coincides with the collector electrode C1.
- the extraction position of each electrode is for convenience, and is not limited to the illustrated extraction position.
- the power converter that drives the motor may have a brake chopper circuit, and the power modules shown in FIGS. 7B and 7C are used for the brake chopper.
- the three-level power conversion device according to the fourth embodiment has a configuration in which a power module for a brake chopper can be used together, and shows a power module 3c including the upper inner switching element 30c and the lower inner switching element 32c. 7 (a), the uppermost outer switching element 40a and the upper potential side neutral point clamp diode 42a are formed of the power module 4 shown in FIG. 7 (b), and the lowermost outer switching element. 50b and the neutral point clamp diode 52b on the lower potential side are constituted by the power module 5 shown in FIG. 7C.
- the switching element instead of always switching off the switching element connected in antiparallel, the switching element is omitted and only the diode is provided. Since a neutral-capacitance diode having a large capacity can be used and has a simple configuration, the reliability is improved compared to the third embodiment, and the effects of reducing cost and size can be obtained.
- a power module that can be shared with the two-level power conversion device can be used, and a power module that can be shared with the brake chopper circuit can also be used. Therefore, the effect that the number of necessary power module lineups can be reduced is obtained.
- the upper potential electrode of one element and the lower potential electrode of the other element in the power module containing two elements are drawn out respectively, and the first and second terminals And the lower potential electrode of one element and the upper potential electrode of the other element are connected to each other to form a common terminal. Need not be connected to the outside of the power module, and a circuit having a lower inductance than that of the third embodiment can be realized.
- FIG. 5 For example, 3300V / 1500A, 4500V / 1200A, 6500V / 750A, etc. are the largest grades that can be obtained as large-capacity power modules used in power conversion devices for railway vehicles.
- a power module has a base size of 140 mm ⁇ 190 mm due to restrictions such as bolt mounting and cooling plane flatness management, and at present, both are configured as a power module containing one element.
- the largest-class large-capacity power device includes one element because of mechanical restrictions. Therefore, in order to easily realize the three-level power converter according to the first to fourth embodiments, It is desirable to use a medium capacity power module.
- a wide band gap semiconductor such as SiC or GaN is used as a semiconductor material for realizing the power modules of the first to fourth embodiments. If a wide band gap semiconductor is used, generated loss can be reduced, and a power module having the same current rating can be made smaller than using a narrow band gap semiconductor such as Si. That is, if a wide band gap semiconductor is used as a semiconductor material for realizing the power modules according to the first to fourth embodiments, for example, even when a large-capacity railway vehicle power converter is configured. Since it can be configured using a two-element power module, the flatness management of the cooler is facilitated, and the workability is improved.
- the description of the invention is made for a DCDC converter that is assumed to be applied to the electric railway field.
- the application field is not limited to this, and various industrial applications are applied. Needless to say, it can be applied to fields (for example, for power systems and machine tools).
- the present invention is useful as a power module and a three-level power conversion device that can fully exhibit the characteristics of a power module with two elements.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、この発明の実施の形態1に係る電力変換装置の部分回路図であり、鉄道車両に用いて好適な3レベル電力変換装置における直流回路部分と電力変換回路部の一部分の構成を図示している。この3レベル電力変換装置では、図1に示すように、3つの2素子入り4端子パワーモジュール1a~1cが設けられている。具体的に説明すると、3レベル電力変換装置の構成において、最上位電位側の外側に位置するスイッチング素子10aおよび上位電位側の中性点クランプダイオードとして動作するスイッチング素子12aを第1の組、最下位電位側の外側に位置するスイッチング素子12bおよび下位電位側の中性点クランプダイオードとして動作するスイッチング素子10bを第2の組、中間に位置する2つの内側スイッチング素子10c,12cを第3の組として区分し、第1の組を2素子入り4端子パワーモジュール1aにて構成し、第2の組を2素子入り4端子パワーモジュール1bにて構成し、第3の組を2素子入り4端子パワーモジュール1cにて構成している。なお、スイッチング素子12a,10bは、それぞれが常時OFFとされ、ダイオード(すなわち一方向性素子)としてしか機能しないスイッチング素子である。
図5は、実施の形態2で使用する2素子入りパワーモジュールの回路図であり、図6は、実施の形態2に係る3レベル電力変換装置の部分回路図である。実施の形態1に係る3レベル電力変換装置では、パワーモジュール1aにおけるスイッチング素子12aとパワーモジュール1bにおけるスイッチング素子10bを常時OFFとする実施態様により、3レベル電力変換装置を構成するパワーモジュール1a~1cを全て同一のパワーモジュール1(図2参照)を用いて構成していた。一方、実施の形態2の3レベル電力変換装置は、図2に示すパワーモジュール1と図5に示すパワーモジュール2を用いて構成したものである。
図7は、実施の形態3,4で使用する2素子入りパワーモジュールの回路構成のラインナップを示す図である。より詳細に説明すると、図7(a)は、実施の形態3,4の3レベル電力変換装置で使用する2素子入りパワーモジュールであり、図7(b),(c)は実施の形態4のみで使用する2素子入りパワーモジュールである。なお、図7(b),(c)の2素子入りパワーモジュールについては、実施の形態4の項で説明する。
図10は、実施の形態4に係る3レベル電力変換装置の部分回路図である。実施の形態3に係る3レベル電力変換装置では、2素子入り3端子パワーモジュールを用いる構成とした上で、パワーモジュール3aにおけるスイッチング素子32aとパワーモジュール3bにおけるスイッチング素子30bを常時OFFとする実施態様により、3レベル電力変換装置を構成するパワーモジュール3a~3cを全て同一のパワーモジュール3(図7(a)参照)を用いて構成していた。一方、実施の形態4の3レベル電力変換装置は、図7(a)に示すパワーモジュール3に加えて、図7(b)に示すパワーモジュール4および図7(c)に示すパワーモジュール5を用いて構成したものである。
鉄道車両用の電力変換装置に使用される大容量パワーモジュールとして入手可能な定格のものは、例えば3300V/1500A、4500V/1200A、6500V/750Aなどが最大級のものである。このようなパワーモジュールでは、ボルト取付や冷却面の平面度管理などの制約により、140mm×190mmのベースサイズであり、現状では、何れも1素子入りパワーモジュールとして構成している。このように、最大級の大容量のパワーデバイスでは、機械的制約の関係から1素子入りとなっているため、実施の形態1~4に係る3レベル電力変換装置を容易に実現するには、中容量のパワーモジュールを用いるのが望ましい。
10,20,30,40,50 第1の素子対
12,32, 第2の素子対
22,42,52 第2の素子
10a,20a,30a,40a 最上位外側スイッチング素子
12b,20b,32b,50b 最下位外側スイッチング素子
10c,30c 上位内側スイッチング素子
12c,32c 下位内側スイッチング素子
12a,32a 上位電位側の中性点クランプダイオードとして動作するスイッチング素子
10b,30b 下位電位側の中性点クランプダイオードとして動作するスイッチング素子
22a,22b,42a,52b 中性点クランプダイオード
60 AC端子部
62 PN接続導体
Claims (16)
- 電力変換回路部を構成する最上位電位側の外側スイッチング素子および上位電位側の中性点クランプダイオードによる第1の組、最下位電位側のスイッチング素子および下位電位側の中性点クランプダイオードによる第2の組ならびに、上位側の内側スイッチング素子および下位側の内側スイッチング素子による第3の組のそれぞれを2素子入りパワーモジュールを用いて構成したことを特徴とする3レベル電力変換装置。
- 前記2素子入りパワーモジュールは、一方の素子の上位電位電極および下位電位電極ならびに他方の素子の上位電位電極および下位電位電極がそれぞれ引き出された2素子入り4端子パワーモジュールであり、前記第1乃至第3の組を前記2素子入り4端子パワーモジュールで構成したことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の3レベル電力変換装置。
- 前記2素子入り4端子パワーモジュールは、ダイオードとスイッチング素子とが逆並列に接続された2つの素子対を有して構成され、当該2つの素子対を前記一方および他方の素子として用いることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の3レベル電力変換装置。
- 前記2素子入り4端子パワーモジュールは、ダイオードとスイッチング素子とが逆並列に接続された第1の素子対と、ダイオードのみが設けられた第2の素子を有して構成され、前記第1の素子対を前記一方の素子として用い、前記第2の素子を前記他方の素子として用いることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の3レベル電力変換装置。
- 前記2素子入りパワーモジュールは、一方の素子の上位電位電極、他方の素子の下位電位電極および一方の素子の下位電位電極と他方の素子の上記電位電極との接続端がそれぞれ引き出された2素子入り3端子パワーモジュールであり、前記第1乃至第3の組を前記2素子入り3端子パワーモジュールで構成したことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の3レベル電力変換装置。
- 前記2素子入り3端子パワーモジュールは、ダイオードとスイッチング素子とが逆並列に接続された2つの素子対を有して構成され、当該2つの素子対を前記一方および他方の素子として用いることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の3レベル電力変換装置。
- 前記2素子入り3端子パワーモジュールは、ダイオードとスイッチング素子とが逆並列に接続された第1の素子対と、ダイオードのみが設けられた第2の素子を有して構成され、前記第1の素子対を前記一方の素子として用い、前記第2の素子を前記他方の素子として用いることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の3レベル電力変換装置。
- 前記2素子入りパワーモジュールにおける一方および他方の素子がワイドバンドギャップ半導体にて形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の3レベル電力変換装置。
- 前記ワイドバンドギャップ半導体は、炭化ケイ素、窒化ガリウム系材料または、ダイヤモンドを用いた半導体であることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の3レベル電力変換装置。
- 電力変換装置に適用可能に構成されるパワーモジュールであって、
前記パワーモジュールは、ダイオードとスイッチング素子とが逆並列に接続された2つの素子対を有して構成され、当該2つの素子対のうちの一方の素子対の上位電位電極および下位電位電極ならびに他方の素子対の上位電位電極および下位電位電極がそれぞれ引き出されて4端子パワーモジュールとして構成されていることを特徴とするパワーモジュール。 - 電力変換装置に適用可能に構成されるパワーモジュールであって、
前記パワーモジュールは、ダイオードとスイッチング素子とが逆並列に接続された第1の素子対と、ダイオードのみが設けられた第2の素子を有して構成され、前記第1の素子対の上位電位電極および下位電位電極ならびに前記ダイオードのカソード電極およびアノード電極がそれぞれ引き出されて4端子パワーモジュールとして構成されていることを特徴とするパワーモジュール。 - 電力変換装置に適用可能に構成されるパワーモジュールであって、
前記パワーモジュールは、ダイオードとスイッチング素子とが逆並列に接続された2つの素子対を有して構成され、当該2つの素子対のうちの一方の素子対の上位電位電極、他方の素子対の下位電位電極および前記一方の素子対の下位電位電極と前記他方の素子対の上記電位電極との接続端がそれぞれ引き出されて3端子パワーモジュールとして構成されていることを特徴とするパワーモジュール。 - 電力変換装置に適用可能に構成されるパワーモジュールであって、
前記パワーモジュールは、ダイオードとスイッチング素子とが逆並列に接続された第1の素子対と、ダイオードのみが設けられた第2の素子を有して構成され、前記第1の素子対の上位電位電極、前記ダイオードのアノード電極および前記第1の素子対の下位電位電極と前記第2の素子のカソード電極との接続端がそれぞれ引き出されて3端子パワーモジュールとして構成されていることを特徴とするパワーモジュール。 - 電力変換装置に適用可能に構成されるパワーモジュールであって、
前記パワーモジュールは、ダイオードとスイッチング素子とが逆並列に接続された第1の素子対と、ダイオードのみが設けられた第2の素子を有して構成され、前記第1の素子対の下位電位電極、前記ダイオードのカソード電極および前記第1の素子対の上位電位電極と前記ダイオードのアノード電極との接続端がそれぞれ引き出されて3端子パワーモジュールとして構成されていることを特徴とするパワーモジュール。 - 前記一方の素子対もしくは前記第1の素子対と、前記他方の素子対、前記第2の素子対もしくは前記第2の素子とがワイドバンドギャップ半導体にて形成されていることを特徴とする請求項10乃至14の何れか1項に記載のパワーモジュール。
- 前記ワイドバンドギャップ半導体は、炭化ケイ素、窒化ガリウム系材料または、ダイヤモンドを用いた半導体であることを特徴とする請求項15に記載のパワーモジュール。
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JP2020039221A (ja) * | 2018-09-04 | 2020-03-12 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 電力変換装置及び電気車 |
JP7468158B2 (ja) | 2020-06-01 | 2024-04-16 | 富士電機株式会社 | 電力変換装置および半導体モジュール |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP5529347B2 (ja) | 2014-06-25 |
US20150078052A1 (en) | 2015-03-19 |
KR101686313B1 (ko) | 2016-12-13 |
CN104247246B (zh) | 2017-07-28 |
KR20140135838A (ko) | 2014-11-26 |
US9281760B2 (en) | 2016-03-08 |
CN104247246A (zh) | 2014-12-24 |
DE112012006286T5 (de) | 2015-01-29 |
JPWO2013161045A1 (ja) | 2015-12-21 |
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