WO2013145737A1 - クロスポイント型不揮発性記憶装置とその駆動方法 - Google Patents
クロスポイント型不揮発性記憶装置とその駆動方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013145737A1 WO2013145737A1 PCT/JP2013/002085 JP2013002085W WO2013145737A1 WO 2013145737 A1 WO2013145737 A1 WO 2013145737A1 JP 2013002085 W JP2013002085 W JP 2013002085W WO 2013145737 A1 WO2013145737 A1 WO 2013145737A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
- G11C13/0002—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements
- G11C13/0021—Auxiliary circuits
- G11C13/004—Reading or sensing circuits or methods
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
- G11C13/0002—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements
- G11C13/0007—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements comprising metal oxide memory material, e.g. perovskites
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
- G11C13/0002—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements
- G11C13/0021—Auxiliary circuits
- G11C13/0038—Power supply circuits
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
- G11C13/0002—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements
- G11C13/0021—Auxiliary circuits
- G11C13/0069—Writing or programming circuits or methods
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
- G11C13/0002—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements
- G11C13/0021—Auxiliary circuits
- G11C13/0069—Writing or programming circuits or methods
- G11C2013/0078—Write using current through the cell
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
- G11C13/0002—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements
- G11C13/0021—Auxiliary circuits
- G11C13/0069—Writing or programming circuits or methods
- G11C2013/0083—Write to perform initialising, forming process, electro forming or conditioning
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to G11C13/00 for features not covered by this group
- G11C2213/10—Resistive cells; Technology aspects
- G11C2213/15—Current-voltage curve
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cross-point type nonvolatile semiconductor memory device using a resistance change type memory element, and more particularly to its forming.
- the resistance change type memory element has a property that a resistance value changes according to an electric signal, and the resistance value is maintained even when the electric signal is cut off (held in a nonvolatile manner). Refers to an element capable of storing information.
- Typical examples of the resistance change type memory element include MRAM (Magnetorescent Random Access Memory: magnetic memory), PRAM (Phase Change Random Access Memory: phase change memory), ReRAM (Resistor Random Memory resistance resistance memory, etc.). There is.
- a cross-point configuration is known as an example of a configuration method of a nonvolatile memory device using these resistance change type memory elements.
- each memory cell is placed between the bit line and the word line at the intersection of the orthogonal bit line and the word line.
- a memory cell is composed of a memory element configured as a resistance variable memory element alone or a serial connection body of a resistance variable memory element and a switching element having nonlinear characteristics such as a diode, and one electrode of the memory element is a word The other electrode is connected to the bit line.
- the cross-point configuration is suitable for large-scale integration as compared to a so-called 1T1R (1-transistor 1-resistance) configuration in which a resistance change type storage element is connected to a bit line via an access transistor.
- a plurality of memory cells are arranged in an array to form a cross point cell array.
- a read voltage is applied to the corresponding bit line and word line in order to detect (read) the resistance value of the memory element included in the target memory cell.
- read target when a read voltage is applied, in addition to the current flowing through the memory cell to be detected (read target), other memory cells connected in parallel by the upper and lower bit lines and word lines (other than the memory cell to be detected) Current also flows through the memory cell). This “current flowing through another memory cell” is referred to as a sneak current in this specification.
- the sneak current changes depending on the state of data stored in the cross-point cell array (resistance values and distribution of memory elements included in all memory cells in the cross-point cell array to which the memory cell to be detected belongs). Therefore, the current detected at the time of reading includes a sneak current that is not always a constant value. This sneak current prevents accurate detection of the resistance value of the memory element included in the memory cell to be read.
- a semiconductor memory device having a configuration that suppresses a decrease in detection sensitivity of a resistance value of a memory element included in a memory cell due to a sneak current is disclosed in Patent Document 1.
- Patent Document 2 It is generally known that it is necessary to perform an operation called forming in order to reversibly change the resistance of the resistance change memory element. A technique relating to this forming is disclosed in Patent Document 2.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a configuration including a detection circuit that detects a leak current flowing in the word line WL during the forming operation as means for executing an accurate forming operation in the cross-point type semiconductor memory device.
- current supply for supplying a constant current to the bit line BL is performed during the forming operation, and a compensation current having the same current value is generated by the compensation circuit based on the leakage current detected by the detection circuit. It is disclosed that it is supplied to BL.
- An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, and to provide a cross-point type nonvolatile memory device capable of realizing stable forming and a forming method thereof.
- one embodiment of a cross-point type nonvolatile memory device includes a plurality of word lines formed in parallel to each other in a first plane and parallel to the first plane.
- a plurality of bit lines formed parallel to each other in the second plane and three-dimensionally intersecting with the plurality of word lines, and provided at a three-dimensional intersection of the plurality of word lines and the plurality of bit lines;
- a cross-point memory in which memory cells each including a resistance change element having two resistance states, ie, one resistance state and a second resistance state having a resistance value lower than that of the first resistance state are arranged in a matrix
- a cell line a word line selector for selecting one of the word lines, a bit line selector for selecting one of the bit lines, and the bit line and the word line selector.
- a write circuit for supplying a write current or a write voltage for changing a resistance state of a resistance change element of the selected memory cell to the memory cell selected by selecting the word line; and the selected memory
- a sense amplifier circuit for supplying a load current for reading the resistance state of the variable resistance element of the selected memory cell to the cell; and a control circuit for controlling the sense amplifier circuit and the write circuit,
- the circuit is configured such that the resistance change element in the memory cell other than the selected memory cell in the cross-point memory cell array has a magnitude of at least one of the write current or the write voltage and the load current. It changes according to the number and place of what is in a state.
- FIG. 1A is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a cross-point type nonvolatile memory device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1B is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a variable voltage source of the cross-point type nonvolatile memory device according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1C is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a variable voltage source of the cross-point type nonvolatile memory device according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2A is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of the memory cell according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view of the memory cell according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1A is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a cross-point type nonvolatile memory device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1B is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a variable voltage source of the cross-point type nonvolatile memory device according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2C is a diagram showing an IV characteristic related to resistance change of the memory cell according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3A is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of an evaluation element according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3B is a diagram showing a change in resistance value for three evaluation elements when a forming pulse is applied to the evaluation element according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4A is a diagram showing in detail the configuration of a 4 ⁇ 4 memory cell array according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4B is an equivalent circuit diagram of the 4 ⁇ 4 memory cell array according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4C is an equivalent circuit diagram obtained by degenerating an equivalent circuit diagram of the 4 ⁇ 4 memory cell array according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5A is an equivalent circuit diagram illustrating a forming process of the 4 ⁇ 4 memory cell array according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5B is an equivalent circuit diagram illustrating a forming process of the 4 ⁇ 4 memory cell array according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5C is an equivalent circuit diagram illustrating a forming process of the 4 ⁇ 4 memory cell array according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5D is an equivalent circuit diagram illustrating a forming process of the 4 ⁇ 4 memory cell array according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5E is an equivalent circuit diagram illustrating a forming process of the 4 ⁇ 4 memory cell array according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5F is an equivalent circuit diagram illustrating a forming process of the 4 ⁇ 4 memory cell array according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5G is an equivalent circuit diagram illustrating a forming process of the 4 ⁇ 4 memory cell array according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5H is an equivalent circuit diagram illustrating a forming process of the 4 ⁇ 4 memory cell array according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5I is an equivalent circuit diagram illustrating a forming process of the 4 ⁇ 4 memory cell array according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5J is an equivalent circuit diagram illustrating a forming process of the 4 ⁇ 4 memory cell array according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5G is an equivalent circuit diagram illustrating a forming process of the 4 ⁇ 4 memory cell array according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5H is an equivalent circuit diagram illustrating a forming process of the 4 ⁇ 4 memory cell array according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5K is an equivalent circuit diagram illustrating a forming process of the 4 ⁇ 4 memory cell array according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5L is an equivalent circuit diagram illustrating a forming process of the 4 ⁇ 4 memory cell array according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the number of sneak current paths in the memory cell array according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is an equivalent circuit diagram for explaining the number of sneak current paths in the memory cell array according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the relationship between the number of sneak current paths and the sneak current value of the memory cell array according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9A is a diagram illustrating a read circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9A is a diagram illustrating a read circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9B is a diagram for explaining the write circuit according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10A is a diagram showing the first half of the forming process of the 4 ⁇ 4 memory cell array according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10B is a diagram showing the latter half of the forming process of the 4 ⁇ 4 memory cell array according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining the transition of the number of sneak current paths corresponding to the forming process of the 4 ⁇ 4 memory cell array according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the relationship between the load current control voltage LA (M) and the number of sneak current paths according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. M load current control voltage
- FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining the relationship between the gate voltage of the load current supply transistor and the output current thereof according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing a forming flow according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the relationship between the voltage Vw (M) and the number of sneak current paths according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram for explaining the relationship between the voltage Vw (M) and the output current (forming current) of the write circuit according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing a forming flow according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing a block configuration of main parts of the semiconductor memory device described in Patent Document 1.
- FIG. 19A is a diagram illustrating an example of data set in the reference memory array in the semiconductor memory device described in Patent Document 1.
- FIG. 19B is a diagram illustrating an example of data set in the reference memory array in the semiconductor memory device described in Patent
- the present inventor has found that the following problems occur regarding the forming operation in the cross-point type semiconductor memory device described in the “Background Art” section.
- FIG. 18 shows a block configuration of a main part of the semiconductor memory device described in Patent Document 1.
- This semiconductor memory device includes a cross-point type memory cell array 110, a data line drive circuit 111 that individually drives each data line, a bit line drive circuit 112 that individually drives each bit line, and a plurality of data lines.
- the semiconductor memory device further includes two reference memory cell arrays 120a and 120b for generating reference voltages using the same memory cells with the same array size as the memory cell array 110, and the reference voltage level from the output voltages of the reference memory cell arrays 120a and 120b.
- Vref0 and Vref1 are generated, the read voltage level Vm is generated from the voltage level of the selected data line of the memory cell array 110, the read voltage level is compared with the reference voltage level, and the storage state (resistance state) of the selected memory cell is determined.
- a sense circuit 115 for determination.
- the current that flows through the selected row selection line of the high-resistance memory cell in which the selected memory cell is in the high-resistance state depends on the distribution pattern of the resistance state of the non-selected memory cells in the memory cell array.
- the state is set.
- the current flowing through the selected row selection line of the low resistance memory cell in which the selected memory cell is in the low resistance state is set to the minimum state depending on the distribution pattern of the resistance state of the unselected memory cells in the memory cell array.
- a current state is set.
- the sense circuit 115 detects the resistance state of the selected memory cell by comparing the current in the intermediate state between the maximum state and the minimum state.
- 19A and 19B are diagrams illustrating an example of data set in the reference memory cell arrays 120a and 120b.
- 19A shows a pattern A set in the reference memory cell array 120a
- FIG. 19B shows a pattern C set in the reference memory cell array 120b.
- the current flowing through the selected data line at the time of reading the selected memory cell in the high resistance state becomes the maximum state depending on the distribution pattern of the electric resistance state of the other non-selected memory cells.
- the first current state is realized and functions as a first reference current generation circuit.
- the current flowing through the selected data line at the time of reading the selected memory cell in the low resistance state becomes the minimum state depending on the distribution pattern of the electric resistance state of the other non-selected memory cells.
- a two-current state is realized and functions as a second reference current generation circuit.
- the magnitude of the sneak current changes depending on the write data.
- a high-resistance memory cell in a position where rows and columns made of high resistance are crossed as in pattern A shown in FIG. 19A is read, the sneak current becomes the largest and the read current becomes the largest.
- a low resistance memory cell at a position where a row and a column in which the low resistance memory cells are distributed is crossed, the read current becomes the smallest.
- a high resistance state writing pattern (pattern A) that is considered to have the maximum current flowing through the selected data line and a low resistance state writing pattern (pattern C) that is considered to be the minimum state are prepared in advance.
- a stable read operation can be realized by detecting the resistance state of the selected memory cell with reference to the intermediate state.
- a filament forming operation called forming As disclosed in Patent Document 2, in a resistance change type memory element, it is necessary to perform a filament forming operation called forming at least once after manufacturing. As a result of forming, a reversible resistance change operation becomes possible. .
- the resistance value of the resistance change memory element in the initial state before forming is in a higher resistance state (hereinafter referred to as an ultra-high resistance state) than in a normal high resistance state. Then, while monitoring the resistance value of the target memory cell, a predetermined forming pulse is appropriately applied to the target memory cell according to the resistance state.
- the sneak current gradually increases.
- the amount of sneak current that changes sequentially is determined as the current when the memory cell is formed. It is necessary to make a distinction and form determination. However, it is difficult to distinguish such currents, and it is difficult to realize stable forming.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a means for detecting a leakage current at the time of forming in a cross-point type semiconductor memory device and supplying a compensation current corresponding to the leakage current to execute an accurate forming operation.
- the leakage current here is a current that flows in the selected memory cell in the ultra-high resistance state in which forming is performed, and a sneak current that flows in the unselected memory cell is not particularly shown.
- the present inventor has arrived at the present invention as a result of earnestly examining a cross-point type nonvolatile memory device capable of performing more accurate forming under the influence of a sneak current and a driving method thereof.
- the above description helps to understand the embodiment of the present invention described below, and the present invention is not limited to this.
- a cross-point type nonvolatile memory device includes a plurality of word lines formed in parallel to each other in a first plane and parallel to each other in a second plane parallel to the first plane. And a plurality of bit lines formed to three-dimensionally intersect with the plurality of word lines, and a three-dimensional intersection of the plurality of word lines and the plurality of bit lines, the first resistance state and the first
- a cross-point memory cell array in which memory cells each including a resistance change element having two resistance states, ie, a second resistance state having a resistance value lower than that of the first resistance state, are arranged in a matrix, and one of the word lines
- a word line selector for selecting a book, a bit line selector for selecting one of the bit lines, and the bit line selector and the word line selector to select the bit line and the word line.
- a write circuit for supplying a write current or a write voltage for changing a resistance state of a resistance change element of the selected memory cell to the memory cell selected in step (a), and the selected for the selected memory cell.
- a sense amplifier circuit that supplies a load current for reading the resistance state of the resistance change element of the memory cell, and a control circuit that controls the sense amplifier circuit and the write circuit, wherein the control circuit includes the write current or The magnitude and / or location of at least one of the write voltage and the load current in the memory cell other than the selected memory cell in the cross-point memory cell array in which the variable resistance element is in the second resistance state It changes according to.
- the resistance change element is in the second resistance state
- B a memory cell other than the selected memory cell among the memory cells connected to the selected word line, in which the resistance change element is in the second resistance state.
- a memory cell is used, and the control circuit connects at least one of the write current or the write voltage and the load current to a word line connected to the first memory cell and to the second memory cell. It may be changed in proportion to the number of the memory cells in the second resistance state among the memory cells at the intersections with the bit lines.
- the variable resistance element is in the first resistance state in an initial state after formation, and when forming is performed, the initial state is changed to a low resistance state and a high resistance state having a higher resistance value than the low resistance state.
- the second resistance state that can be reversibly changed is entered, and the write current or the write voltage is a forming pulse for performing the forming on the resistance change element of the selected memory cell, and the load current May be a current for confirming that the resistance change element of the selected memory cell is in the second resistance state by supplying the forming pulse.
- the resistance change element reversibly changes between the first resistance state and the second resistance state, and the write current or the write voltage is applied to the resistance change element of the selected memory cell.
- An electrical signal that reversibly changes between the first resistance state and the second resistance state, and the load current is determined by the resistance change element of the selected memory cell and the first resistance state. It may be a current for confirming which of the second resistance states it is.
- the memory cell may be configured by connecting a diode element made of nitrogen-deficient silicon nitride and the resistance change element in series.
- the load current (reading current) for forming determination is changed corresponding to the number and location of the memory cells in which the variable resistance element is in the low resistance state, that is, corresponding to the number of sneak current paths. Therefore, the load current can be supplied to the selected memory cell while compensating for an appropriate amount of sneak current. As a result, in the forming process performed on the selected memory cell in the initial state, it is possible to determine the forming of the selected memory cell by eliminating the influence of the sneak current, so that stable forming can be realized. it can.
- the forming pulse can be supplied to the selected memory cell with an appropriate amount of sneak current.
- the forming process it is possible to perform the formation of the selected memory cell while eliminating the influence of the sneak current, and thus stable forming can be realized.
- the electrical signal is selected by adding an appropriate amount of sneak current. Can be supplied to the cell. As a result, the resistance of the selected memory cell can be changed by eliminating the influence of the sneak current, so that stable information writing can be realized.
- the load current (readout current) for reading the resistance state of the variable resistance element is changed in accordance with the number of sneak current paths, the load signal can be supplied to the selected memory cell with an appropriate amount of sneak current. it can. As a result, it is possible to determine the resistance state of the selected memory cell by eliminating the influence of the sneak current, so that stable information reading can be realized.
- the control circuit performs the change on the load current, and the sense amplifier circuit selectively switches and supplies a load current having a different amount of current to the selected bit line as the changed load current.
- a load current source that outputs a first logic value when the amount of current flowing into the selected bit line is greater than a reference current amount; and a second logic value when the amount is less than the reference current amount. It may be output.
- the sense amplifier circuit compares the voltage of the selected bit line with a reference voltage, and outputs a second logic value when the voltage of the selected bit line is higher than the reference voltage. And a differential amplifier that outputs a first logical value when the voltage is lower than the reference voltage, and the sense amplifier circuit has a resistance change element of the selected memory cell in the second resistance state.
- a first logic value is output, and when the variable resistance element of the selected memory cell is in the first resistance state, When the changed load current is supplied to the selected memory cell, the second logic value may be output.
- the load current source includes a MOS transistor, and the cross-point type nonvolatile memory device is further electrically connected to a gate terminal of the MOS transistor, and selects a voltage having a different voltage value for the gate terminal.
- a variable voltage source that is switched and supplied, wherein the load current source includes at least the first load current, the second load current, the first load current, and the second load current.
- the third load current is selectively switched and supplied, and the control circuit supplies the second load current to the load current source when the second load current is supplied to the load current source.
- the output current of the MOS transistor is larger than when the third load current is supplied, and the third load current is supplied to the load current source, the first load is supplied.
- the voltage value of the variable voltage source may be adjusted so that the output current of the MOS transistor is greater than in the case of supplying a flow to the load current source.
- the load current source includes a MOS transistor, and the cross-point type nonvolatile memory device is further electrically connected to a gate terminal of the MOS transistor, and a different voltage is selectively switched and supplied.
- An external voltage application terminal, and the load current source includes at least a first load current, a second load current, and a third load current between the first load current and the second load current.
- the control circuit selectively switches and supplies the load current, and the control circuit supplies the second load current to the load current source as compared with the case where the third load current is supplied to the load current source.
- the first load current is supplied to the load current.
- the voltage value to be supplied to an external voltage applying terminal may be adjusted so that the output current of the MOS transistor is greater than in the case of supply to the source.
- the current drive capability of the load current source is increased until an appropriate amount of sneak current can be compensated in the state before forming, and the forming determination of the selected memory cell is performed by using the current drive capability.
- the determination can be stabilized and stable forming can be realized.
- the resistance change is determined by determining the resistance change of the selected memory cell using that current drive capability. This makes it possible to realize stable reading of information.
- One embodiment of a method for driving a crosspoint nonvolatile memory device is a method for driving a crosspoint nonvolatile memory device, wherein the crosspoint nonvolatile memory device is within the first plane.
- a plurality of word lines formed in parallel to each other, and a plurality of bit lines formed in parallel to each other and three-dimensionally intersecting with the plurality of word lines in a second plane parallel to the first plane;
- a resistor that is provided at a solid intersection of the plurality of word lines and the plurality of bit lines and takes two resistance states, a first resistance state and a second resistance state having a resistance value lower than that of the first resistance state.
- a cross-point memory cell array in which memory cells including change elements are arranged in a matrix, a word line selector that selects one of the word lines, and one of the bit lines are selected.
- a bit line selector ; and a resistance change element of the selected memory cell with respect to the memory cell selected by selecting the bit line and the word line by the bit line selector and the word line selector.
- a write circuit for supplying a write current or a write voltage for changing the resistance state, and a sense amplifier for supplying a load current for reading the resistance state of the resistance change element of the selected memory cell to the selected memory cell
- the number of memory cells other than the cell in which the variable resistance element is in the second resistance state Characterized in that it comprises a first step of changing depending on the location.
- a memory cell other than the selected memory cell among the memory cells connected to the selected bit line, the resistance change element is in the second resistance state
- B Among the memory cells connected to the selected word line, a memory cell other than the selected memory cell in which the variable resistance element is in the second resistance state is used as the second memory cell.
- a value of at least one of the write current or the write voltage and the load current is applied to the word line connected to the first memory cell and the second memory cell. You may change in proportion to the number of the memory cells in the second resistance state among the memory cells at the intersections with the connected bit lines.
- the sense amplifier circuit includes a load current source that selectively switches and supplies a load current having a different amount of current to the selected bit line, and a current amount flowing into the selected bit line is a reference current.
- a first logic value is output if greater than the amount, a second logic value is output if less than the reference current amount, and the load current is changed in the first step, and the selection is performed.
- a fourth step of reading the resistance state of the variable resistance element of the selected memory cell and in the fourth step, when the output of the sense amplifier circuit is the first logic value, When it is determined that the resistance state of the resistance change element of the selected memory cell has changed, the supply of the write current or the write voltage is terminated, and the output of the sense amplifier circuit is the second logic value, It may be determined that the resistance state of the resistance change element of the selected memory cell has not changed, and the third step may be executed again.
- the sense amplifier circuit has a load current source, and outputs a first logical value when the amount of current flowing into the selected bit line is larger than a reference current amount, and is smaller than the reference current amount.
- a second logical value is output, and in the first step, the write current or the write voltage is changed, the load current is supplied to the selected memory cell, and the sense amplifier circuit A second step of confirming that the output of the second logic value is the second logical value, and a second step of supplying the changed write current or write voltage to the selected memory cell after the second step.
- the load current is supplied to the selected memory cell, and the resistance state of the resistance change element of the selected memory cell is read.
- the fourth step if the output of the sense amplifier circuit is the first logic value, it is determined that the resistance state of the resistance change element of the selected memory cell has changed, When supply of the write current or write voltage after the change is finished and the output of the sense amplifier circuit is the second logical value, the resistance state of the resistance change element of the selected memory cell is not changed. And the third step may be executed again.
- the variable resistance element is in the first resistance state in the initial state after formation, and when forming is performed, the low resistance state and the high resistance state having a higher resistance value than the low resistance state from the initial state.
- the second resistance state that can be reversibly changed between the write current and the write voltage is a forming pulse that performs the forming on the resistance change element of the selected memory cell.
- the load current may be a current for confirming that the resistance change element of the selected memory cell is in the second resistance state by supplying the forming pulse.
- the resistance change element reversibly changes between the first resistance state and the second resistance state, and the write current or the write voltage is the resistance change element of the selected memory cell.
- the load signal is an electrical signal that reversibly changes between the first resistance state and the second resistance state
- the load current is determined by the resistance change element of the selected memory cell. It may be a current for checking whether the current state or the second resistance state is present.
- the memory cell may be configured by connecting a diode element having a nitrogen-deficient silicon nitride film and the resistance change element in series.
- stable forming can be realized.
- stable writing and reading of information can be realized.
- the number of memory cells constituting the memory cell array is shown as a schematic one that is easy to show for easy understanding of the principle. The effect does not change.
- FIG. 1A is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a cross-point type nonvolatile memory device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the nonvolatile memory device 100 includes a plurality of word lines 3 formed in parallel to each other in a first plane, and a plurality of word lines 3 in parallel to each other in a second plane parallel to the first plane.
- a plurality of bit lines 4 formed so as to cross three-dimensionally, a plurality of word lines 3 and a plurality of bit lines 4 are provided at three-dimensional intersections.
- a resistance change element having two resistance states that is, an ultrahigh resistance state as a first resistance state and a high resistance state or a low resistance state as a second resistance state having a resistance value lower than that of the ultrahigh resistance state.
- a memory cell array (cross-point memory cell array) 1 in which the configured memory cells 2 are arranged in a matrix is provided.
- a row selection circuit 5 that is a word line selector that selects one of the word lines 3 and a column selection circuit 6 that is a bit line selector that selects one of the bit lines 4 are provided. Further, a write operation for changing the resistance state of the resistance change element of the selected memory cell 2 to the selected memory cell 2 by selecting the bit line 4 and the word line 3 by the row selection circuit 5 and the column selection circuit 6.
- a write circuit 15 for supplying a forming pulse as a current, and a sense amplifier for supplying a load current as a read current for reading the resistance state of the resistance change element of the selected memory cell 2 to the selected memory cell 2
- a circuit (SA) 7 and a control circuit 18 for controlling the sense amplifier circuit 7 and the write circuit 15 are provided.
- the control circuit 18 determines the magnitude (absolute value) of at least one of the forming pulse and the load current so that the resistance change element in the memory cell 2 other than the selected memory cell 2 in the memory cell array 1 is in the second resistance state. Change according to the number and location of things (high resistance state or low resistance state).
- memory cells 2 other than the selected memory cell 2 among the memory cells 2 connected to the selected bit line 4, in which the variable resistance element is in the second resistance state are defined as a second memory cell.
- the control circuit 18 determines the magnitude of at least one of the forming pulse and the load current at the intersection of the word line 3 connected to the first memory cell and the bit line 4 connected to the second memory cell.
- the memory cell 2 is changed in proportion to the number of the memory cells 2 in the second resistance state (number of sneak current paths), and increases as the number of sneak current paths increases.
- the resistance change element is in an extremely high resistance state in the initial state after formation, and when forming is performed, the resistance change element reversibly changes from the initial state to a low resistance state and a high resistance state having a higher resistance value than the low resistance state. Becomes a second resistance state.
- the forming pulse is a pulse for forming the resistance change element of the selected memory cell 2, and the load current is supplied from the resistance pulse of the selected memory cell 2 when the resistance change element of the selected memory cell 2 is brought into an ultrahigh resistance state. This current is supplied as a read current to the selected memory cell 2 in order to confirm that the high resistance state or the low resistance state has been entered.
- the control circuit 18 changes the load current as described above, and the sense amplifier circuit 7 selectively supplies a load current having a different amount of current to the selected bit line 4 as a changed load current.
- the sneak current compensation load current supply unit 8 is provided. When the amount of current flowing into the selected bit line 4 is greater than the reference current amount, the sneak current compensation load current supply unit 8 outputs the “L” level as the first logical value, and the reference current amount When the number is small, the 'H' level is output as the second logical value.
- the control circuit 18 wraps around to a predetermined current amount at which the output of the sense amplifier circuit 7 becomes the “H” level before the forming pulse is applied to the selected memory cell 2.
- the load current supply unit 8 for sneak current compensation is supplied with a predetermined amount of load current, and the output of the sense amplifier circuit 7 is “L”. Until a level is reached, a forming pulse is applied to a predetermined memory cell 2.
- the sense amplifier circuit 7 compares the voltage of the bit line 4 selected by the column selection circuit 6 with a reference voltage (comparison voltage REF), and the voltage of the bit line 4 selected by the column selection circuit 6 is the reference voltage.
- the differential amplifier 14 outputs “H” level when the voltage is higher, and outputs “L” level when the voltage is lower than the reference voltage.
- the sense amplifier circuit 7 outputs an 'L' level when a predetermined load current after change is supplied to the selected memory cell 2 when the variable resistance element of the selected memory cell 2 is in the second resistance state. Then, when the resistance change element of the selected memory cell 2 is in the first ultrahigh resistance state, if a predetermined load current after the change is supplied to the selected memory cell 2, an “H” level is output.
- the sneak current compensation load current supply unit 8 selectively switches between the first load current and the second load current larger than the first load current and supplies the first bit current 4 to the selected bit line 4.
- the sense amplifier circuit 7 wraps around before a forming pulse is applied to the predetermined memory cell 2.
- the load current of the load current supply unit 8 for current compensation is either the first load current or the second load current
- the “H” level is output.
- the sense amplifier circuit 7 selects the predetermined memory cell 2 when the predetermined memory cell 2 is selected.
- the load current of the sneak current compensation load current supply unit 8 is the first load current
- the output is 'L'
- the load current is the second load current
- the output is 'H'. Output level.
- the sneak current compensation load current supply unit 8 includes a P-type MOS transistor 8b.
- the nonvolatile memory device 100 further includes a variable voltage source 16 that is connected to the gate terminal of the P-type MOS transistor 8b and selectively supplies voltages having different voltage values to the gate terminal of the P-type MOS transistor 8b.
- the sneak current compensation load current supply unit 8 selectively selects at least the first load current, the second load current, and the third load current between the first load current and the second load current. Switch to supply.
- the control circuit 18 supplies the second load current to the sneak current compensation load current supply unit 8
- the control circuit 18 compares the third load current to the sneak current compensation load current supply unit 8 in comparison with the P-type MOS.
- the first load current is supplied to the sneak current compensation load current supply unit 8.
- the voltage value of the variable voltage source 16 is adjusted so that the output current of the P-type MOS transistor 8b becomes larger than the case.
- the nonvolatile memory device 100 includes a memory cell array (cross point memory cell array) 1, a row selection circuit 5, a column selection circuit 6, a sense amplifier circuit 7, a write circuit 15, variable voltage sources 16 and 17,
- the control circuit 18 and a storage unit (memory) 30 are included.
- the storage unit 30 may be provided in a separate chip from the nonvolatile storage device 100 or may be provided in the control circuit 18.
- cross-point type memory cells 2 provided at each intersection of the word line 3 and the bit line 4 are arranged in a matrix.
- the memory cell array 1 is simplified to a 4 ⁇ 4 array. Further, the positions of the memory cells 2 are expressed by matrix symbols M11 to M44 corresponding to the arrangement locations of the memory cells 2. Further, in the following description, even when there is no matrix symbol notation in the memory cell array 1 of the corresponding figure, the explanation is made corresponding to the matrix symbol of FIG. 1A.
- the row selection circuit 5 selects and controls one of the plurality of word lines 3, and the column selection circuit 6 selects and controls one of the plurality of bit lines 4.
- the sense amplifier circuit 7 outputs either a logical value of data “1” or data “0” as a determination signal SO according to the amount of current flowing through the bit line selected by the column selection circuit 6. To do.
- a sneak current compensation load current supply unit 8 a read current detection load current supply unit 9, a data “0” verify load current supply unit 10, and a data “1” verify load current supply unit 11. are connected in parallel.
- the four load current supply units are connected to the column selection circuit 6 via the clamping N-type MOS transistor (bit line clamp transistor) 12 and are connected to one input terminal of the differential amplifier 14.
- the sneak current compensation load current supply unit 8 is a current source having a variable current output amount composed of a P-type MOS transistor 8a and a P-type MOS transistor 8b connected in series. Connected to the drain. A selection signal NS for instructing selection or non-selection of the sneak current compensation load current supply unit 8 is supplied to the gate of the P-type MOS transistor 8a. On the other hand, the load current control voltage LA (M) (M is a natural number) is supplied to the gate of the P-type MOS transistor 8b so that the current output amount of the wraparound current compensation load current supply unit 8 can be adjusted by the voltage value. Has been.
- the load current supply unit 9 for detecting the read current is a current source having a variable current output composed of a P-type MOS transistor 9a and a P-type MOS transistor 9b connected in series. Connected to the drain. A selection signal N01 for instructing selection or non-selection of the read current detection load current supply unit 9 is supplied to the gate of the P-type MOS transistor 9a.
- the load current control voltage LB (N) (N is a natural number) is supplied to the gate of the P-type MOS transistor 9b so that the current output amount of the read current detection load current supply unit 9 can be adjusted by the voltage value. Has been.
- the data “0” verify load current supply unit 10 is a current source having a variable current output amount composed of a P-type MOS transistor 10a and a P-type MOS transistor 10b connected in series, and a clamp N-type MOS transistor. 12 drains.
- a selection signal N0 is supplied to the gate of the P-type MOS transistor 10a to instruct selection or non-selection of the load load supply unit 10 for verifying data “0”.
- the load current control voltage LB (N) is supplied to the gate of the P-type MOS transistor 10b so that the current output amount of the data “0” verification load current supply unit 10 can be adjusted by the voltage value. .
- the data “1” verify load current supply unit 11 is a current source having a variable current output amount, which is composed of a P-type MOS transistor 11 a and a P-type MOS transistor 11 b connected in series. 12 drains.
- a selection signal N1 for instructing selection or non-selection of the data “1” verification load current supply unit 11 is supplied to the gate of the P-type MOS transistor 11a.
- the load current control voltage LB (N) is supplied to the gate of the P-type MOS transistor 11b so that the current output amount of the data “1” verification load current supply unit 11 can be adjusted by the voltage value. .
- the clamp voltage control circuit 13 has an output connected to the gate of the clamping N-type MOS transistor 12, and functions to suppress the voltage of the bit line selected by the column selection circuit 6 to a predetermined voltage or lower in the read operation.
- the differential amplifier 14 has two input terminals.
- the contact SEN between the four load current supply units and the clamping N-type MOS transistor 12 is a first input, and the comparison voltage REF set to a predetermined voltage is the first. 2 and the output is SO.
- the output SO of the differential amplifier 14 becomes the output of the sense amplifier circuit 7.
- the pulse voltage source Vw (M) supplies the write circuit 15 with a predetermined pulse voltage instructed by the control circuit 18.
- the pulse voltage source Vw (M) may be provided with a power supply circuit inside the nonvolatile memory device 100 to generate a pulse voltage using a voltage generated by the power source circuit, or external to the nonvolatile memory device 100.
- a pulse voltage may be generated using a voltage supplied more directly.
- the write circuit 15 is connected to either or both of the column selection circuit 6 and the row selection circuit 5 (the case of connection to the row selection circuit 5 is not shown in FIG. 1A).
- a write pulse at the time of writing and a forming pulse at the time of forming the memory cell 2 are supplied to either or both of the column selection circuit 6 and the row selection circuit 5.
- the write circuit 15 generates a write pulse (write voltage or write current) by adjusting the pulse voltage Vw (M) from the pulse voltage source Vw (M), and generates a write pulse between the column selection circuit 6 and the row selection circuit 5. Supply to either or both.
- the write circuit 15 includes a transistor or the like in which a voltage supplied from a pulse voltage source Vw (M) is applied to the source and a drain is connected to the memory cell array 1, and a voltage from the pulse voltage source Vw (M). In response to this, a different write voltage is supplied to the memory cell array 1.
- variable voltage source 16 outputs a predetermined load current control voltage LA (M) indicated by the control circuit 18.
- variable voltage source 17 outputs a predetermined load current control voltage LB (N) indicated by the control circuit 18.
- the control circuit 18 controls the pulse voltage source Vw (M) (write circuit 15), the variable voltage sources 16 and 17, and instructs the selection of the output voltage.
- the storage unit 30 stores a table indicating the number of sneak current paths when each memory cell 2 to be formed is selected in the forming of the memory cell array 1.
- the control circuit 18 changes the forming pulse and the load current for each memory cell 2 to be formed so that at least one of the optimal forming pulse and the load current is supplied based on the table of the storage unit 30. Specifically, the control circuit 18 supplies the forming target memory cell 2 with a forming pulse and a load current proportional to the number of sneak current paths associated with the forming target memory cell 2 in the table.
- the storage unit 30 may store a plurality of tables corresponding to the forming order.
- 1B and 1C are circuit diagrams showing an example of the configuration of the variable voltage sources 16 and 17.
- variable voltage source 16 As shown in FIG. 1B, in the variable voltage source 16, six fixed resistance elements 19 are connected in series between the power supply unit and the ground unit.
- the variable voltage source 16 has a load current control voltage at one point of each contact LA (1), LA (2), LA (3), LA (4), LA (5), LA (6), LA (7). It selects with the selection switch 20, and outputs as load current control voltage LA (M).
- variable voltage source 17 includes six fixed resistance elements 19 connected in series between the power supply unit and the ground unit.
- the variable voltage source 17 has a load current control voltage at one point of each contact LB (1), LB (2), LB (3), LB (4), LB (5), LB (6), LB (7). It selects with the selection switch 20, and outputs as load current control voltage LB (N).
- variable voltage sources 16 and 17 are configured by a serial body of fixed resistance elements 19 and are configured to supply an equally divided voltage, but may be configured to be supplied by weighted voltage division. Good.
- a transistor may be used instead of the fixed resistance element 19. Needless to say, other variable voltage supply means that are generally known may be used.
- FIG. 2A is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of the memory cell 2.
- the resistance change element 2a and the diode element 2b are connected in series.
- FIG. 2B is a sectional view showing an example of a sectional structure of the memory cell 2.
- the memory cell 2 is composed of a laminated body of a resistance change element 2a and a diode element 2b.
- the diode element 2b is formed in an MSM structure in which the semiconductor layer 23 is sandwiched between the first electrode 22 and the second electrode 24, and the resistance change element 2a shares the second electrode 24 of the diode element 2b as a lower electrode, on which The first variable resistance layer 25, the second variable resistance layer 26, and a third electrode 27 as an upper electrode are formed.
- the resistance change element 2 a and the diode element 2 b are covered with an insulating layer 29.
- the first electrode 22 is connected to the word line 3 through the first via 21, and the third electrode 27 is connected to the bit line 4 through the second via 28.
- Nitrogen-deficient silicon nitride (SiN x ) is used as the material for the semiconductor layer 23.
- the nitrogen-deficient silicon nitride refers to a silicon nitride having a lower nitrogen content than Si 3 N 4, which is a silicon nitride having a stoichiometric composition, and the nitrogen-deficient silicon nitride is semiconductor-like. Show properties.
- TaN tantalum nitride
- TiN titanium nitride
- W tungsten
- TaN having a thickness of 50 nm is used.
- a noble metal such as Pt (platinum), Ir (iridium) and Pd (palladium) or an alloy thereof can be used.
- Ir having a film thickness of 50 nm is used.
- the resistance change element 2 a includes a second resistance change layer 25 and a second resistance change layer 26 disposed between the second electrode 24, the third electrode 27, and the second electrode 24 and the third electrode 27. Configured.
- the first resistance change layer 25 and the second resistance change layer 26 are collectively referred to as a resistance change layer.
- the resistance change layer is a layer whose resistance value reversibly changes based on an electrical signal applied between the second electrode 24 and the third electrode 27. For example, it is a layer that reversibly transitions between a high resistance state and a low resistance state according to the polarity of the voltage applied between the second electrode 24 and the third electrode 27.
- the resistance change layer is configured by stacking at least two layers, a first resistance change layer 25 connected to the second electrode 24 and a second resistance change layer 26 connected to the third electrode 27.
- the first resistance change layer 25 is composed of an oxygen-deficient first metal oxide
- the second resistance change layer 26 is a second metal oxide having a lower degree of oxygen deficiency than the first metal oxide. It consists of things.
- a small local region is formed in which the degree of oxygen deficiency reversibly changes in accordance with the application of an electric pulse.
- the local region is considered to include a filament composed of oxygen defect sites.
- Oxygen deficiency refers to an oxide having a stoichiometric composition (the stoichiometric composition having the highest resistance value in the case where there are a plurality of stoichiometric compositions) in a metal oxide. Is the ratio of oxygen deficiency to the amount of oxygen constituting. A metal oxide having a stoichiometric composition is more stable and has a higher resistance value than a metal oxide having another composition.
- the oxide having the stoichiometric composition according to the above definition is Ta 2 O 5 , and can be expressed as TaO 2.5 .
- the oxygen excess metal oxide has a negative oxygen deficiency.
- the oxygen deficiency is described as including a positive value, 0, and a negative value.
- An oxide with a low degree of oxygen deficiency has a high resistance value because it is closer to a stoichiometric oxide, and an oxide with a high degree of oxygen deficiency has a low resistance value because it is closer to the metal constituting the oxide.
- Oxygen content is the ratio of oxygen atoms to the total number of atoms.
- the oxygen content of Ta 2 O 5 is the ratio of oxygen atoms to the total number of atoms (O / (Ta + O)), which is 71.4 atm%. Therefore, the oxygen-deficient tantalum oxide has an oxygen content greater than 0 and less than 71.4 atm%.
- the oxygen content has a corresponding relationship with the degree of oxygen deficiency. That is, when the oxygen content of the second metal oxide is greater than the oxygen content of the first metal oxide, the oxygen deficiency of the second metal oxide is greater than the oxygen deficiency of the first metal oxide. small.
- the composition of the first metal oxide is TaO x
- x is 0.8 or more and 1.9 or less
- the second metal oxide is composed of
- the resistance value of the variable resistance layer can be stably changed at high speed.
- the thickness of the second metal oxide may be 1 nm or more and 8 nm or less.
- the metal constituting the resistance change layer may be a metal other than tantalum.
- a metal constituting the variable resistance layer a transition metal or aluminum (Al) can be used.
- the transition metal tantalum (Ta), titanium (Ti), hafnium (Hf), zirconium (Zr), niobium (Nb), tungsten (W), nickel (Ni), or the like can be used. Since transition metals can take a plurality of oxidation states, different resistance states can be realized by oxidation-reduction reactions.
- the composition of the first metal oxide when used, when the composition of the first metal oxide is HfO x , x is 0.9 or more and 1.6 or less, and the composition of the second metal oxide is HfO y When y is larger than the value of x, the resistance value of the resistance change layer can be stably changed at high speed.
- the thickness of the second metal oxide may be 3 to 4 nm.
- the composition of the first metal oxide is ZrO x
- x is 0.9 or more and 1.4 or less
- the composition of the second metal oxide is ZrO y
- the resistance value of the resistance change layer can be stably changed at high speed.
- the thickness of the second metal oxide may be 1 to 5 nm.
- the first metal constituting the first metal oxide to be the first resistance change layer 25 is different from the second metal constituting the second metal oxide to be the second resistance change layer 26.
- a metal may be used.
- the second metal oxide may have a lower degree of oxygen deficiency than the first metal oxide, that is, may have a higher resistance.
- the standard electrode potential of the second metal is: It may be lower than the standard electrode potential of the first metal.
- the standard electrode potential represents a characteristic that the higher the value is, the more difficult it is to oxidize. Thereby, an oxidation-reduction reaction easily occurs in the second metal oxide having a relatively low standard electrode potential.
- the resistance change phenomenon is caused by a change in the filament (conducting path) caused by an oxidation-reduction reaction in a minute local region formed in the second metal oxide having a high resistance. Degree) is considered to change.
- metal oxide Al 2 O 3
- Al 2 O 3 aluminum oxide
- oxygen-deficient tantalum oxide (TaO x ) may be used for the first metal oxide
- aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) may be used for the second metal oxide.
- the resistance change phenomenon in the variable resistance layer of the laminated structure is that a redox reaction occurs in a small local region formed in the second metal oxide having a high resistance, and a filament (conductive path) in the local region. It is considered that the resistance value is changed by changing.
- the third electrode 27 connected to the second metal oxide having a smaller oxygen deficiency constitutes a second metal oxide such as platinum (Pt), iridium (Ir), palladium (Pd), etc.
- the standard electrode potential is made of a material higher than that of the material constituting the metal and the second electrode 24.
- the second electrode 24 connected to the first metal oxide having a higher degree of oxygen deficiency is, for example, tungsten (W), nickel (Ni), tantalum (Ta), titanium (Ti), aluminum (Al ), Tantalum nitride (TaN), titanium nitride (TiN), or the like, the standard electrode potential may be made of a material lower than that of the metal constituting the first metal oxide.
- the standard electrode potential represents a characteristic that the higher the value is, the more difficult it is to oxidize.
- the standard electrode potential V2 of the third electrode 27, the standard electrode potential Vr2 of the metal constituting the second metal oxide, the standard electrode potential Vr1 of the metal constituting the first metal oxide, and the standard of the second electrode 24 The relationship of Vr2 ⁇ V2 and V1 ⁇ V2 may be satisfied between the electrode potential V1. Furthermore, V2> Vr2 and Vr1 ⁇ V1 may be satisfied.
- the configuration of the memory cell 2 is not limited to the configuration of FIG. 2B, and may be other configurations as long as the equivalent circuit of FIG. 2A can be realized.
- FIG. 2C is a diagram showing a VI curve of resistance change of the memory cell 2.
- the voltage direction in which the word line 3 becomes high voltage with respect to the bit line 4 corresponds to the negative voltage side
- the voltage direction in which the bit line 4 becomes high voltage with respect to the word line 3 corresponds to the positive voltage side. is doing.
- the memory cell 2 transitions from the high resistance state to the low resistance state in the negative voltage region between point C and point A, and conversely, from the low resistance state to the high resistance state in the positive voltage region exceeding point D to point B. Bidirectional resistance change operation to transition to.
- a transition from the high-resistance state to the low-resistance state is made by applying a negative voltage with low resistance (LR), and a transition from the low-resistance state to the high-resistance state is made by applying a positive voltage with high resistance (HR).
- LR negative voltage with low resistance
- HR positive voltage with high resistance
- the reversible resistance changing operation shown in FIG. 2C can be started by performing an operation called forming after forming the memory cell 2.
- an operation called forming after forming the memory cell 2 For example, an example of the forming operation described in Patent Document 2 will be described.
- FIG. 3A is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of an evaluation element used for measurement.
- variable resistance element 2a having the same structure as that of FIG. 2B and a 1.5 k ⁇ fixed resistance element are connected in series.
- FIG. 3B is a diagram showing the transition of the resistance value for the three evaluation elements when a forming pulse is applied to the three evaluation elements of FIG. 3A.
- the evaluation element varies from an ultrahigh resistance state (first resistance state) of several tens of M ⁇ to a high resistance state (first state) of several tens of k ⁇ . 2 resistance state).
- This reduced resistance state corresponds to the state where the forming is performed.
- the number of pulse applications that complete the forming differs depending on the resistance change element. However, if a state in which the resistance value is greatly reduced as compared with the initial state is captured and the forming is terminated there, there is no waste and good forming can be performed.
- FIG. 4A is a diagram showing in detail the configuration of the memory cell array 1 shown in FIG. 1A.
- each of the word lines 3 is indicated as WL1 to WL4 for easy understanding of the explanation of the selection line.
- each of the bit lines 4 is denoted by BL1 to BL4.
- WL3 and BL3 are selection lines, that is, a selection word line and a selection bit line, WL3 and BL3 are illustrated by bold lines.
- the specific operation of selecting WL3 and BL3 is to apply a predetermined voltage difference between WL3 and BL3 to cause a current to flow through the memory cell 2 where WL3 and BL3 intersect, and to the other word lines 3 and bit lines 4 Is a floating state.
- a white circle indicates a memory cell in a state before forming
- a black circle indicates a memory cell in a state after forming
- a hatched circle indicates a selected memory cell (M33 in FIG. 4A). This is the same in the following description.
- FIG. 4B is an expansion of the memory cell array 1 of FIG. 4A in an equivalent circuit diagram.
- the selected memory cell 2 (M33) is connected between the bit line 4 (BL3) and the word line 3 (WL3).
- the memory cell 2 (M13) having one end connected to the bit line 4 (BL3) is connected to the word line 3 (WL1) at the other end, and is further connected to the bit line via the memory cell 2 (M11). 4 (BL1) and connected to the word line 3 (WL3) via the memory cell 2 (M31). Therefore, a non-selected memory in which the bit line 4 (BL3) and the word line 3 (WL3) are in a three-stage serial relationship, such as memory cell 2 (M13) -memory cell 2 (M11) -memory cell 2 (M31).
- a current path connected via the cell 2, that is, a sneak path is formed.
- FIG. 4C shows an equivalent circuit obtained by degenerating the equivalent circuit shown in FIG. 4B when the resistances of the memory cells 2 other than the selected memory cell 2 (M33) are in the same state.
- the resistance states of the memory cells 2 other than the selected memory cell 2 (M33) are the same. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4C, the sneak path through the non-selected memory cell 2 in the three-stage serial relationship is such that three memory cells 2 are connected in parallel in the upper stage and the memory cell 2 in the middle stage. Are connected in parallel (the product of the number of the upper stage portion and the number of the lower stage portion), and the memory cell 2 is connected in parallel to the lower stage portion.
- FIG. 5A shows a case where the memory cell 2 (M33) is selected and formed in the same manner as shown in FIG. 4A.
- FIG. 5A shows that the memory cell 2 (M13) and the memory cell 2 (M23) connected to the selected bit line 4 (BL3) and the memory cell 2 (M31) connected to the selected word line 3 (WL3) and
- the memory cell 2 (M32) is assumed to be already formed as shown by a black circle. On the other hand, it is assumed that the memory cells 2 other than those indicated by black circles are not formed.
- FIG. 5B shows an equivalent circuit diagram of FIG. 5A.
- the connection relationship in FIG. 5B has already been described with reference to FIG.
- the memory cells 2 in the state before forming are connected to the middle stage.
- the memory cell 2 before forming is in an extremely high resistance state, and therefore the sneak current is cut off at this middle stage, and no sneak current is generated in the state of FIG. 5A.
- Such a state is defined as the number of sneak current paths being zero.
- FIG. 5C shows a case where the memory cell 2 (M33) is selected and formed in the same manner as shown in FIG. 4A. However, FIG. 5C assumes a state in which the memory cell 2 (M11) is formed with respect to the state of FIG. 5A.
- FIG. 5D shows an equivalent circuit diagram of FIG. 5C.
- the memory cell 2 (M13) ⁇ the memory cell 2 (M11) ⁇ the memory cell 2 (M31)
- One path is connected by the formed memory cell 2.
- the sneak current is cut off because the memory cell 2 in the ultra high resistance state before forming is present in the upper, middle or lower stage. Such a state is defined as the number of sneak current paths being one.
- FIG. 5E shows a case where the memory cell 2 (M33) is selected and formed in the same manner as shown in FIG. 4A. However, FIG. 5E assumes a state in which the memory cell 2 (M14) is formed instead of the memory cell 2 (M11) with respect to the state of FIG. 5C.
- FIG. 5F shows an equivalent circuit diagram of FIG. 5E.
- the memory cell 2 in the ultrahigh resistance state before forming is formed in the upper stage, the middle stage, or the lower stage. Therefore, the sneak current is cut off. Therefore, the number of sneak current paths is zero. That is, it can be seen that the number of memory cells 2 after forming is the same in the case of FIG. 5F and the case of FIG. 5C, but the number of sneak current paths changes depending on the arrangement location of the memory cells 2 after forming.
- FIG. 5G shows a case where the memory cell 2 (M33) is selected and formed in the same manner as shown in FIG. 4A. However, FIG. 5G assumes a state in which the memory cell 2 (M12) is further formed with respect to the state in FIG. 5C.
- FIG. 5H shows an equivalent circuit diagram of FIG. 5G.
- the two paths of memory cell 2 (M13) -memory cell 2 (M12) -memory cell 2 (M32) are all connected by the formed memory cell 2.
- the sneak current is cut off because the memory cell 2 in the ultra high resistance state before forming is present in the upper, middle or lower stage. Such a state is defined as the number of sneak current paths being two.
- FIG. 5I shows a case where the memory cell 2 (M33) is selected and formed in the same manner as shown in FIG. 4A. However, FIG. 5I assumes that the memory cell 2 (M21) is further formed with respect to the state in FIG. 5G.
- FIG. 5J shows an equivalent circuit diagram of FIG. 5I.
- the three paths of memory cell 2 (M13) -memory cell 2 (M12) -memory cell 2 (M32), memory cell 2 (M23) -memory cell 2 (M21) -memory cell 2 (M31) are all formed.
- the memory cells 2 are connected.
- the sneak current is cut off because the memory cell 2 in the ultra high resistance state before forming is present in the upper, middle or lower stage. Such a state is defined as the number of sneak current paths being three.
- FIG. 5K shows a case where the memory cell 2 (M33) is selected and formed in the same manner as shown in FIG. 4A. However, FIG. 5K assumes a state in which the memory cell 2 (M22) is further formed with respect to the state in FIG. 5I.
- FIG. 5L shows an equivalent circuit diagram of FIG. 5K.
- the sneak current is cut off because the memory cell 2 in the ultra high resistance state before forming is present in the upper, middle or lower stage. Such a state is defined as the number of sneak current paths being four.
- the number of sneak current paths is determined by the unselected word line connected to the selected memory cell 2 (M13, M23) connected to the selected bit line and the formed word line connected to the selected word line.
- Memory cell 2 memory cell surrounded by a broken line in FIGS. 5A, 5C, 5E, 5G, 5I, and 5K located at the intersection with the non-selected bit line to which the memory cell 2 (M31, M32) is connected 2 (M11, M12, M21, M22)) (corresponds to (matches) the number of formed memory cells 2).
- FIG. 6 shows a generalization by expanding the memory cell array 1 of 4 rows and 4 columns to the memory cell array 101 of M rows and N columns. Since individual components of the memory cell array 101 are the same as those of the memory cell array 1, detailed description thereof is omitted.
- only the selected word line 103 is displayed as the word line, only the selected bit line 104 is displayed as the bit line, and the display of the non-selected word line and the non-selected bit line is omitted.
- the memory cells connected to other than the selected word line 103 or the selected bit line 104 are only formed memory cells, and the others are omitted.
- FIG. 6 shows a case where the selected memory cell 102a at the intersection of the selected word line 103 and the selected bit line 104 is formed.
- the selected word line 103 has n bits of formed memory cells
- the selected bit line 104 has m bits of formed memory cells.
- An area where an unselected bit line (not shown) and an unselected word line (not shown) connected to each of the formed memory cells intersect is defined as an intersection area 105, and A-bit forming is performed in the intersection area 105. It is assumed that the completed memory cell region 106a is included.
- the formed memory cell region 106a in the intersection region 105 is expressed in a unit of m0 rows and n0 columns, but this is for simplifying the later explanation.
- the formed memory cell area 106a may be composed of rows and columns of distributed memory cells.
- a B-bit formed memory cell region 106 b may exist in a region that does not belong to the intersection region 105.
- FIG. 7 shows a degenerated equivalent circuit diagram of the memory cell array 101 with M rows and N columns shown in FIG.
- a three-stage sneak path is formed in the middle stage.
- the upper stage is a m-bit memory cell connected to the selected bit line 104, and a formed word connected to the selected word line 103 via the memory cell in the intersection region 105.
- the lower stage is composed of formed n-bit memory cells connected to the selected bit line 104 via the memory cells in the intersection region 105 among the formed n-bit memory cells connected to the selected word line 103. Is done.
- the sneak current path through the formed memory cells other than the intersecting region 105 is either the upper stage or the lower stage of the sneak current path of the three-stage series non-selected memory cells shown in the equivalent circuit diagram of the memory cell array 101. Therefore, it does not contribute to the number of sneak current paths.
- FIG. 8 shows the relationship between the number of sneak current paths and the sneak current value.
- this sneak current value depends on the voltage applied between the selected bit line 104 and the selected word line 103. That is, since the sneak current value differs between the case where the selected memory cell 102a is read and the case where the forming operation is performed even if the number of sneak current paths is the same, the sneak current value corresponding to each operation is calculated. Needless to say.
- FIG. 9A explains the concept when the present invention is applied to a forming operation (reading operation) for determining a forming state of a memory cell at the time of forming.
- the load current source 208a corresponding to the read current detection load current supply unit 9 of the sense amplifier circuit 7 uses the load current IMr necessary for forming determination of the selected memory cell 102a to the memory cell array 101. Supply. Further, the load current source 208b corresponding to the sneak current compensation load current supply unit 8 of the sense amplifier circuit 7 supplies a current corresponding to the sneak current ISr flowing in the non-selected memory cell group 102b to the memory cell array 101 in parallel. These load current IMr and sneak current ISr constitute a final forming determination load current supplied to the memory cell to be formed.
- the load current IMr is a current that allows the sensed amplifier circuit 7 to determine the formation of the selected memory cell 102a that has been formed in a state where there is no sneak current, and is a constant value regardless of the address of the selected memory cell 102a.
- the sneak current ISr depends on the number m0 ⁇ n0 of sneak current paths included in the formed unselected memory cell group 102b, and acts as a noise component that inhibits the read operation.
- the number of sneak current paths is determined based on the address path of the selected memory cell 102a to be formed (the order in which the memory cells to be formed are selected). It can be calculated in advance for each address 102a. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 8, from the relationship between the number of sneak current paths and the sneak current, the load current source 208b supplies a current corresponding to the sneak current ISr corresponding to the number of sneak current paths (for each selected memory cell 102a) each time. By flowing as compensation current, the influence of sneak current can be eliminated. As a result, the forming determination of the selected memory cell 102a to be formed can be performed stably.
- the load current source 208a and the load current source 208b have been described as two separate load circuits. However, the load current source 208a and the load current source 208b are configured by one load circuit, and in accordance with the purpose shown in FIG. 9A, The load current (drive current) may be adjusted and supplied to the memory cell array 101.
- FIG. 9B explains the concept when the present invention is applied to an applied pulse (forming pulse) during forming.
- the write circuit 215a in the write circuit 15 supplies the memory cell array 101 with a forming current IMw necessary for forming the selected memory cell 102a. Further, the write circuit 215b supplies a current corresponding to the sneak current ISw flowing through the non-selected memory cell group 102b to the memory cell array 101 in parallel. These forming current IMw and sneak current ISw constitute the final forming current supplied to the memory cell to be formed. At this time, the forming current IMw is a current that can form the selected memory cell 102a in a state where there is no sneak current, and is a constant value regardless of the address of the selected memory cell 102a.
- the sneak current ISw depends on the number m0 ⁇ n0 of sneak current paths included in the formed unselected memory cell group 102b, and reduces the forming current that flows to the selected memory cell 102a to be formed, thereby inhibiting the forming operation.
- the number of sneak current paths is calculated in advance for each address of the selected memory cell 102a to be formed based on the address path of the selected memory cell 102a to be formed. Can do. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 8, from the relationship between the number of sneak current paths and the sneak current, the write circuit 215b generates a current corresponding to the sneak current ISw corresponding to the number of sneak current paths (for each selected memory cell 102a) each time. By flowing as compensation current, the influence of sneak current can be eliminated. As a result, stable forming of the selected memory cell 102a can be realized.
- the write circuit 215a and the write circuit 215b are described as two separate two write circuits. However, the write circuit 215a and the write circuit 215b are configured by one write circuit and adjust the forming current of one write circuit according to the purpose shown in FIG. You may supply to the cell array 101.
- FIG. 1 A block diagram illustrating an exemplary computing environment in accordance with the present disclosure.
- FIGS. 10A and 10B show the forming address order (forming order) and the corresponding sneak path for each time for the 16-bit memory cells 2 arranged in the memory cell array 1 before forming after forming. Shows the number.
- arrows indicate the flow of changing the memory cell 2 in which forming is performed.
- the number of sneak current paths is denoted by a symbol P.
- the memory cell 2 is scanned while sequentially switching the selected bit line in the word line direction (right direction) without switching the selected word line.
- the word line scanning method in which the selected word line is switched next to () and the selected bit line is sequentially switched again in the word line direction is shown, but this is an example, and the present invention is not limited to this.
- step S1 a predetermined voltage is applied to the word line 3 (WL1) and the bit line 4 (BL1) to form the memory cell 2 (M11). At this time, the number P of sneak current paths is zero.
- step S2 a predetermined voltage is applied to the word line 3 (WL1) and the bit line 4 (BL2) to form the memory cell 2 (M12). At this time, the memory cell 2 (M11) has been formed, but the number P of sneak current paths remains zero.
- step S6 the formed memory cell region (A in FIG. 10A) indicated by a broken line becomes a sneak current path, and the number P of sneak current paths becomes 1.
- the formed memory cell region (B in FIG. 10A) becomes a sneak current path, and the number P of sneak current paths becomes 2.
- step S8 the formed memory cell region (C in FIG. 10A) becomes a sneak path, and the number P of sneak paths increases to 3.
- step S9 the selected word line is switched from the word line 3 (WL2) to the word line 3 (WL3), and the process proceeds to the forming of the memory cell 2 (M31).
- the forming of the memory cell 2 (M31) there is no formed memory cell region that forms a sneak current path, and the number P of sneak current paths becomes zero.
- the formed memory cell region (D in FIG. 10B) becomes a sneak current path, and the number P of sneak current paths becomes 2.
- the formed memory cell region (E in FIG. 10B) becomes a sneak current path, and the number P of sneak current paths becomes 4.
- the formed memory cell region (F in FIG. 10B) becomes a sneak path, and the number P of sneak paths increases to 6.
- step S13 the selected word line is switched again from the word line 3 (WL3) to the word line 3 (WL4), and the process proceeds to the forming of the memory cell 2 (M41).
- the forming of the memory cell 2 (M41) there is no formed memory cell region that forms a sneak current path, and the number P of sneak current paths becomes zero.
- the formed memory cell region (G in FIG. 10B) becomes a sneak current path, and the number P of sneak current paths becomes 3.
- the formed memory cell region (H in FIG. 10B) becomes a sneak current path, and the number P of sneak current paths becomes 6.
- the formed memory cell region (I in FIG. 10B) becomes a sneak current path, and the number P of sneak current paths becomes the maximum value of 9.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing the transition of the number of sneak current paths P described in FIGS. 10A and 10B.
- the number of formed memory cells 2 monotonously increases as the forming progresses, but as shown in FIG. 11, the number of sneak current paths does not increase monotonously but repeatedly increases and decreases.
- the number of sneak current paths takes discrete values of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9 depending on the location of the memory cell 2 to be formed.
- FIG. 12 shows the relationship between the load current control voltage LA (M) set to the gate terminal of the P-type MOS transistor 8b of the sneak current compensation load current supply unit 8 and the number of sneak current paths.
- LA (1) to LA (7) corresponding to the number of discrete sneak current paths 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9 are output from the variable voltage source 16. It corresponds to a certain load current control voltage LA (M).
- FIG. 13 is a voltage-current characteristic (VI characteristic) showing the relationship between the load current flowing through the P-type MOS transistor 8b and the load current control voltage LA (M) applied to the gate terminal thereof.
- V characteristic voltage-current characteristic
- the sneak current supplied for forming determination by the sneak current compensation load current supply unit 8 is ISr1
- an integer multiple of the current value and the corresponding gate voltage value are expressed as ISr1.
- the gate voltage value LA (1) corresponds to the load current 0.
- the gate voltage value LA (2) when the number of sneak current paths is 1 is the load current 1 ⁇ Is
- the gate when the number of sneak current paths is 2 The voltage value LA (3) has a load current 2 ⁇ Is, and the gate voltage value LA (4) when the number of sneak current paths is 3, the load current 3 ⁇ Is, and the gate voltage value LA (4 when the number of sneak current paths is 4 ( 5) Load current 4 ⁇ Is, gate voltage value LA (6) when the number of sneak current paths is 6, load current 6 ⁇ Is, load to gate voltage value LA (7) when the number of sneak current paths is 9 Currents 9 ⁇ Is are associated with each other.
- the configuration for setting the load current for forming determination according to the number of sneaking current paths is such that the variable voltage source 16 is designed so that each voltage value in FIG. 1B satisfies the relationship in FIG.
- the control circuit 18 is realized by controlling the variable voltage source 16 based on a table showing the relationship of FIGS. 11 and 12 stored in the storage unit 30.
- variable voltage source 16 may be configured to be capable of further subdivided voltage setting, and the necessary gate voltage value described above may be programmed in the forming stage.
- the voltage of the gate terminal of the P-type MOS transistor 8b may be supplied directly from the outside of the nonvolatile memory device 100, instead of being supplied from the variable voltage source 16.
- the nonvolatile memory device 100 includes an external voltage application terminal that is electrically connected to the gate terminal of the P-type MOS transistor 8b and that is supplied with different voltages selectively switched. By adjusting the voltage value supplied to the application terminal and adjusting the output current of the P-type MOS transistor 8b, the load current to be supplied to the sneak current compensation load current supply unit 8 is adjusted.
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing the flow of forming.
- the start address of the forming target area is designated (selected) as the forming target memory cell 2.
- the load current values supplied from the sneak current compensation load current supply unit 8 and the read current detection load current supply unit 9, that is, the sense amplifier circuit 7, are stored in the memory cell array 1 except for the memory cell 2 to be formed.
- the change is made according to the number and location of the resistance change elements in the cell 2 in the second resistance state. That is, the first step (step S1) for setting the gate voltage of the sneak current compensation load current supply unit 8 corresponding to the number of sneak current paths of the memory cell 2 to be formed is performed. Thereafter, the changed load current is supplied to the forming-target memory cell 2 to determine whether or not the output of the sense amplifier circuit 7 is at the “L” level (confirms that it is at the “H” level). Step (Step S2) is performed.
- the value of the load current is determined based on the memory cell at the intersection of the word line 3 connected to the first memory cell and the bit line 4 connected to the second memory cell. 2 is changed in proportion to the number of those in the second resistance state.
- the output of the sense amplifier circuit 7 is expected to be at the ‘H’ level. If it is at the “L” level at this stage, it is determined that the forming has already been performed, and the forming of the selected memory cell 2 is completed.
- step S2a a third step of supplying a forming pulse as a write current to the memory cell 2 to be formed is performed.
- step S1 the changed load current set in the first step (step S1) is supplied to the memory cell 2 to be formed, and the resistance of the variable resistance element of the memory cell 2 to be formed is changed.
- step S2 A fourth step (step S2) for reading the state is performed.
- step S2 when the output of the sense amplifier circuit 7 is 'L' level (Y in step S2), the memory cell 2 to be formed is formed (the resistance state of the resistance change element changes). The supply of the forming pulse is finished, and the forming of the memory cell 2 to be formed is finished. On the other hand, when the output of the sense amplifier circuit 7 is at the “H” level (N in step S2), it is determined that the memory cell 2 to be formed has not been formed (the resistance state of the resistance change element has not changed). Then, the third step (step S2a) is executed again.
- step S3 if the forming has been executed up to the final address of the area to be formed, the forming is terminated. If not, the address is advanced by one address (step S3a). The forming from step 1 (step S1) is continued.
- FIG. 14 will be described in detail assuming that the forming method is performed according to the forming order shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B.
- a forming target area is determined, and a memory cell 2 (M11) which is a head address of the area is designated as a forming target memory cell 2.
- the gate voltage of the sneak current compensation load current supply unit 8 is set corresponding to the number of sneak current paths of the memory cell 2 (M11) (step S1). Since the number of sneak current paths when forming the memory cell 2 (M11) is 0, the gate voltage LA (1) is set as the load current control voltage LA (M) that is the output of the variable voltage source 16 from FIG.
- step S2 the information (resistance state) of the memory cell 2 (M11) is read by the sense amplifier circuit 7. Then, branch determination is made according to the result of the output SO of the sense amplifier circuit 7, and it is determined whether or not the memory cell 2 (M11) can perform a reversible resistance change operation (step S2). Specifically, it is determined whether the output SO of the sense amplifier circuit 7 has been changed from the ‘H’ level to the ‘L’ level in a state where a current is applied to the memory cell array 1 under the conditions set in step S ⁇ b> 1.
- step S2 when the output SO of the sense amplifier circuit 7 is at the “L” level (Y in step S2), the memory cell 2 (M11) is in a state in which a reversible resistance change operation is possible (relative to the first resistance state). The second resistance state having a lower resistance value is determined), and the next process is started.
- the output SO of the sense amplifier circuit 7 is at the “H” level (N in step S2), it is determined that the memory cell 2 (M11) is in the first resistance state having a higher resistance value than the second resistance state. Then, a forming pulse is applied (step S2a). Then, the same processing is repeated until the output of the sense amplifier circuit 7 becomes ‘L’ level or until a predetermined number of forming pulses are applied in advance.
- step S3 it is determined whether or not the address indicating the memory cell 2 (M11) is the final address of the forming area (step S3). If it is not the final address (N in step S3), the address is advanced by one address (step S3a), and the same processing is executed again from step S1. Since the final address is the memory cell 2 (M44) and the memory cell 2 (M11) is not the final address, the memory cell 2 (M12) that is one address ahead of the memory cell 2 (M11) is again the same as in step S1. Execute the process.
- step S1 the load current which is the output of the variable voltage source 16 in step S1.
- the gate voltage LA (1) is set as the control voltage LA (M). Therefore, the same processing as that in step S1, step S2, step S3, and step S3a described above is repeated for memory cell 2 (M12) to memory cell 2 (M21).
- the number of sneak current paths increases to 1, so that the load current control voltage LA (M), which is the output of the variable voltage source 16, is set in step S1 of the memory cell 2 (M22) forming.
- a gate voltage LA (2) is set. Then, in the forming of the memory cell 2 (M22), the above-described steps S2, S3, and S3a are executed.
- the gate voltage (gate voltage setting value) corresponding to the address of the memory cell 2 is converted into the load current which is the output of the variable voltage source 16 based on FIGS.
- the control voltage LA (M) is set, and the above-described steps S2, S3, and S3a are executed. Then, in the forming of the memory cell 2 (M44), when the answer is Y in step S3, the forming is finished.
- FIG. 15 shows the relationship between the pulse voltage Vw (M) supplied to the write circuit 15 and the number of sneak current paths.
- the pulse voltage Vw (1) to the pulse voltage Vw (7) are associated with the number of discrete sneak current paths 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 9, respectively.
- the forming current supplied by the write circuit 15 for forming at that time can be changed according to the number of sneak current paths when forming the memory cell 2.
- FIG. 16 is a voltage-current characteristic (VI characteristic) showing the relationship between the pulse voltage Vw (M) supplied to the write circuit 15 and the output current (forming current) of the write circuit 15.
- V characteristic voltage-current characteristic
- the forming current required to form the selected memory cell is IMw
- the sneak current supplied for forming by the write circuit 15 when the number of sneak current paths is one. Is an integer multiple of the current value and the corresponding pulse voltage Vw (M).
- the pulse voltage Vw (1) is made to correspond to the voltage that can drive the output current IMw of the write circuit 15. .
- the pulse voltage Vw (2) at the time of the sneak current path number 1 is made to correspond to the voltage that can drive the output current IMw + ISw1, and the number of sneak current paths is 2.
- the pulse voltage Vw (3) at this time corresponds to the voltage that can drive the output current IMw + 2 ⁇ ISw1, and the pulse voltage Vw (4) when the number of sneak current paths is 3 can drive the output current IMw + 3 ⁇ ISw1.
- the pulse voltage Vw (5) when the number of sneak current paths is 4 is made to correspond as the voltage that can drive the output current IMw + 4 ⁇ ISw1, and the pulse voltage Vw (6) when the number of sneak current paths is 6 is ,
- the output current IMw + 6 ⁇ ISw1 is made to correspond as a driveable voltage, and the pulse voltage Vw (7) when the number of sneak current paths is 9 It is made to correspond to output current IMw + 9 ⁇ ISw1 as drivable voltage.
- the configuration in which the forming current is set according to the number of sneaking current paths is realized by storing a table showing the relationship of FIGS. 11 and 15 in the storage unit 30.
- the control circuit 18 is realized by controlling the pulse voltage source Vw (M) based on a table showing the relationship of FIG. 11 and FIG. 15 stored in the storage unit 30.
- FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing the flow of forming.
- the start address of the forming target area is designated (selected) as the forming target memory cell 2.
- step S1 the value of the forming pulse as the write current supplied from the write circuit 15 is determined based on the number of the memory cells 2 other than the selected memory cell 2 in the memory cell array 1 and the resistance change element in the second resistance state.
- a first step (step S1) that changes according to the location is performed. That is, the first step (step S1) for setting the forming current corresponding to the number of sneak current paths of the memory cell 2 to be formed is performed. Thereafter, a predetermined load current is supplied to the selected memory cell 2 to determine whether or not the output of the sense amplifier circuit 7 is at the “L” level (confirms that it is at the “H” level).
- a step S1) is performed.
- the value of the forming pulse is determined based on the memory cell at the intersection of the word line 3 connected to the first memory cell and the bit line 4 connected to the second memory cell. 2 is changed in proportion to the number of those in the second resistance state.
- the output of the sense amplifier circuit 7 is expected to be at the ‘H’ level. If it is at the ‘L’ level at this stage, it is determined that the forming has already been performed, and the forming of the selected memory cell 2 is completed.
- step S2a a third step of supplying the changed forming pulse changed in the first step to the memory cell 2 to be formed is performed.
- Step S2 the sense amplifier circuit 7 supplies a predetermined load current to the memory cell 2 to be formed, and reads the resistance state of the resistance change element of the memory cell 2 to be formed.
- step S2 when the output of the sense amplifier circuit 7 is 'L' level (Y in step S2), the memory cell 2 to be formed is formed (the resistance state of the resistance change element changes). The supply of the forming pulse is finished, and the forming of the memory cell 2 to be formed is finished. On the other hand, when the output of the sense amplifier circuit 7 is at the “H” level (N in step S2), it is determined that the memory cell 2 to be formed has not been formed (the resistance state of the resistance change element has not changed). Then, the third step (step S2a) is executed again.
- step S3 if the forming has been executed up to the final address of the area to be formed, the forming is terminated. If not, the address is advanced by one address (step S3a). The forming from step 1 (step S1) is continued.
- the forming method shown in FIG. 14 changes the load current value for forming determination in accordance with the number of sneak current paths of the memory cell 2 to be formed, whereas the forming method shown in FIG. 17 is the memory cell to be formed.
- the only difference is that the forming current value of the forming is changed corresponding to the number of sneak current paths of 2. Therefore, detailed description of the forming method of FIG. 17 is omitted.
- the configuration in which the forming current in FIG. 17 is switched according to the number of sneak current paths and the configuration in which the load current value in FIG. 14 is switched according to the number of sneak current paths may be combined. That is, both the forming current and the load current value when forming the memory cell 2 at the address may be switched according to the address of the memory cell 2 to be formed.
- At least one of the forming current and the load current value when forming the memory cell 2 according to the address of the memory cell 2 to be formed are switched in consideration of the number of sneak current paths of the address. Therefore, it is possible to eliminate the influence of the sneak current in forming and realize stable forming.
- the forming current value is switched to an appropriate value.
- the memory cell before forming is in an extremely high resistance state, whereas the memory cell after forming has a sufficiently low resistance value, and the memory cell after forming is dominant as the impedance of the sneak path. This is based on the point that memory cells before forming can be ignored. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to forming.
- the resistance value of the memory cell in the high resistance write state (high resistance state). Is sufficiently higher than the resistance value of the memory cell in the low resistance write state (low resistance state), the present invention can be applied to the write and read operations of the memory cell.
- the resistance value in the high resistance state has a resistance value more than 10 times the resistance value in the low resistance state. Therefore, if the current flowing through the memory cell in the high resistance state can be relatively ignored, the resistance value is low.
- the present invention can be applied on the assumption that the number of sneak current paths is formed only by the memory cells in the resistance state.
- the resistance change element reversibly changes between a low resistance state and a high resistance state
- the write current or write voltage changes between a low resistance state and a high resistance state with respect to the resistance change element of the selected memory cell.
- the load current is an electric signal for reversibly changing, and is a current for confirming whether the resistance change element of the selected memory cell is in a low resistance state or a high resistance state.
- the forming operation is a normal write operation to the memory cell
- the forming determination operation is the memory cell information read operation
- the forming pulse is reversibly switched between the low resistance state and the high resistance state.
- the first resistance state is the high resistance state and the second resistance state is the low resistance state
- the current or voltage corresponding to the wraparound current path of the address according to the address of the memory cell to be written The electrical signal is switched so that Further, according to the address of the memory cell to be read, the load current is switched so that the current corresponds to the sneak path of the address.
- the sneak current from the sneak current compensation load current supply unit 8 and the load current from the data “0” verification load current supply unit 10 or the data “1” verification load current supply unit 11 are used to read information.
- a final information read load current supplied to the memory cell is formed.
- a final electric signal supplied to the memory cell to which information is written is constituted by the write current from the write circuit 15.
- regularity as to which memory cell information is written to and read from so that it can be easily understood which memory cell other than the memory cell to which information is written and read is in a low resistance state. It may be applied to a certain nonvolatile memory device.
- the forming pulse is a write current and the selected memory cell is formed by applying a current.
- the forming pulse is a write voltage and the selected memory cell is formed by applying a voltage. May be.
- the write circuit applies a write voltage that varies in proportion to the number of sneak current paths.
- a sneak current corresponding to the number of sneak current paths is supplied for each address (correction of the sneak current is performed).
- the amount of change in the sneak current for each address is small, even if the process of step S1 in FIGS. 14 and 17 is performed for every two or more predetermined addresses, forming is simplified. Good.
- the present invention cancels a sneak current unique to a cross-point type nonvolatile memory device and realizes stable forming in the cross-point type nonvolatile memory device and its driving method, so that digital home appliances, memory cards, portable telephones, It is useful as a nonvolatile semiconductor memory device used in various electronic devices such as personal computers.
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Abstract
Description
図1Aは、本発明の実施の形態に係るクロスポイント型不揮発性記憶装置100の構成を示す回路図である。
ところで、図2Cに示す可逆的な抵抗変化動作は、メモリセル2を形成後フォーミングとよぶ操作を行う事で開始できる。例えば特許文献2に記載されているフォーミング操作の一例を説明する。
以下、本発明の詳細を説明する前に、本発明の基本となる新たな知見について説明する。
まず、不揮発性記憶装置100のフォーミングにおいて、フォーミング判定のロード電流を回り込み電流経路数に応じて設定する例(図9Aの例)を説明する。
次に、不揮発性記憶装置100のフォーミングにおいて、フォーミング電流を回り込み電流経路数に応じて設定する例(図9Bの例)を説明する。なお、以下では、図10A及び図10Bに示すフォーミング順番に従いフォーミングが行われるとして説明する。従って、その時々のフォーミングを行っているアドレスでの回り込み電流経路数の推移も同じなので、回り込み電流経路数についての説明は省略する。
2 メモリセル
2a 抵抗変化素子
2b ダイオード素子
3 ワード線
4 ビット線
5 行選択回路
6 列選択回路
7 センスアンプ回路
8 回り込み電流補償用ロード電流供給部
8a、8b、9a、9b、10a、10b、11a、11b P型MOSトランジスタ
9 リード電流検知用ロード電流供給部
10 データ“0”ベリファイ用ロード電流供給部
11 データ“1”ベリファイ用ロード電流供給部
12 クランプ用N型MOSトランジスタ
13 クランプ電圧制御回路
14 差動アンプ
15 書き込み回路
16、17 可変電圧源
18 制御回路
19 固定抵抗素子
20 ロード電流制御電圧選択スイッチ
21 第1ビア
22 第1電極
23 半導体層
24 第2電極
25 第1の抵抗変化層
26 第2の抵抗変化層
27 第3電極
28 第2ビア
29 絶縁層
30 記憶部
100 不揮発性記憶装置
102a 選択メモリセル
102b 非選択メモリセル群
103 選択ワード線
104 選択ビット線
105 交差領域
106a、106b フォーミング済みメモリセル領域
111 データ線ドライブ回路
112 ビット線ドライブ回路
113 行デコーダ
114 列デコーダ
115 センス回路
120a、120b リファレンスメモリセルアレイ
208a、208b ロード電流源
215a、215b 書き込み回路
Claims (16)
- 第1の平面内において互いに平行に形成された複数のワード線と、
前記第1の平面に平行な第2の平面内において互いに平行にかつ前記複数のワード線と立体交差するように形成された複数のビット線と、
前記複数のワード線と前記複数のビット線との立体交差点に設けられ、第1の抵抗状態と前記第1の抵抗状態より抵抗値の低い第2の抵抗状態との2つの抵抗状態をとる抵抗変化素子を含んで構成されたメモリセルが行列状に配列されたクロスポイントメモリセルアレイと、
前記ワード線の1本を選択するワード線選択器と、
前記ビット線の1本を選択するビット線選択器と、
前記ビット線選択器及び前記ワード線選択器により前記ビット線及び前記ワード線を選択することで選択された前記メモリセルに対し、前記選択されたメモリセルの抵抗変化素子の抵抗状態を変化させる書き込み電流又は書き込み電圧を供給する書き込み回路と、
前記選択されたメモリセルに対し、前記選択されたメモリセルの抵抗変化素子の抵抗状態を読み出すためのロード電流を供給するセンスアンプ回路と、
前記センスアンプ回路及び前記書き込み回路を制御する制御回路とを備え、
前記制御回路は、前記書き込み電流又は前記書き込み電圧と前記ロード電流との少なくともいずれかの大きさを、前記クロスポイントメモリセルアレイにおける前記選択されたメモリセル以外のメモリセルで抵抗変化素子が前記第2の抵抗状態にあるものの数及び場所に応じて変更する
クロスポイント型不揮発性記憶装置。 - 前記クロスポイントメモリセルアレイにおいて、(A)前記選択されたビット線につながる前記メモリセルのうち前記選択されたメモリセル以外のメモリセルで抵抗変化素子が前記第2の抵抗状態にあるものを第1メモリセルとし、(B)前記選択されたワード線につながる前記メモリセルのうち前記選択されたメモリセル以外のメモリセルで抵抗変化素子が前記第2の抵抗状態にあるものを第2メモリセルとし、
前記制御回路は、前記書き込み電流又は前記書き込み電圧と前記ロード電流との少なくともいずれかの大きさを、前記第1メモリセルに接続されたワード線と、前記第2メモリセルに接続されたビット線との交点にある前記メモリセルのうち前記第2の抵抗状態にあるもの個数に比例して変更する
請求項1に記載のクロスポイント型不揮発性記憶装置。 - 前記制御回路は、前記ロード電流について前記変更を行い、
前記センスアンプ回路は、前記選択されたビット線に電流量の異なるロード電流を前記変更後のロード電流として選択的に切り替えて供給するロード電流源を有し、前記選択されたビット線に流れ込む電流量が基準の電流量より多い場合は第1の論理値を出力し、前記基準の電流量より少ない場合は第2の論理値を出力する
請求項1又は2に記載のクロスポイント型不揮発性記憶装置。 - 前記センスアンプ回路は、前記選択されたビット線の電圧と基準の電圧とを比較し、前記選択されたビット線の電圧が前記基準の電圧より高い場合は第2の論理値を出力し、前記基準の電圧より低い場合は第1の論理値を出力する差動アンプを有し、
前記センスアンプ回路は、
前記選択されたメモリセルの抵抗変化素子が前記第2の抵抗状態にあるときに、前記選択されたメモリセルに前記変更後のロード電流を供給すると第1の論理値を出力し、
前記選択されたメモリセルの抵抗変化素子が前記第1の抵抗状態にあるときに、前記選択されたメモリセルに前記変更後のロード電流を供給すると第2の論理値を出力する
請求項3に記載のクロスポイント型不揮発性記憶装置。 - 前記ロード電流源は、MOSトランジスタを有し、
前記クロスポイント型不揮発性記憶装置は、さらに、前記MOSトランジスタのゲート端子に電気的に接続され、前記ゲート端子に電圧値の異なる電圧を選択的に切り替えて供給する可変電圧源を備え、
前記ロード電流源は、少なくとも前記第1のロード電流と、前記第2のロード電流と、前記第1のロード電流と前記第2のロード電流との間の第3のロード電流とを選択的に切り替えて供給し、
前記制御回路は、前記第2のロード電流を前記ロード電流源に供給させる場合は前記第3のロード電流を前記ロード電流源に供給させる場合に比べ前記MOSトランジスタの出力電流が大きくなり、かつ、前記第3のロード電流を前記ロード電流源に供給させる場合は前記第1のロード電流を前記ロード電流源に供給させる場合に比べ前記MOSトランジスタの出力電流が大きくなるように前記可変電圧源の電圧値を調整する
請求項4に記載のクロスポイント型不揮発性記憶装置。 - 前記ロード電流源は、MOSトランジスタを有し、
前記クロスポイント型不揮発性記憶装置は、さらに、前記MOSトランジスタのゲート端子に電気的に接続され、異なる電圧が選択的に切り替えて供給される外部電圧印加端子を備え、
前記ロード電流源は、少なくとも前記第1のロード電流と、前記第2のロード電流と、前記第1のロード電流と前記第2のロード電流との間の第3のロード電流とを選択的に切り替えて供給し、
前記制御回路は、前記第2のロード電流を前記ロード電流源に供給させる場合は前記第3のロード電流を前記ロード電流源に供給させる場合に比べ前記MOSトランジスタの出力電流が大きくなり、かつ、前記第3のロード電流を前記ロード電流源に供給させる場合は前記第1のロード電流を前記ロード電流源に供給させる場合に比べ前記MOSトランジスタの出力電流が大きくなるように前記外部電圧印加端子に供給する電圧値を調整する
請求項4に記載のクロスポイント型不揮発性記憶装置。 - 前記抵抗変化素子は、形成後の初期状態において前記第1の抵抗状態にあり、フォーミングが行われると前記初期状態から低抵抗状態と前記低抵抗状態より抵抗値の高い高抵抗状態とへ可逆的に変化が可能な前記第2の抵抗状態になり、
前記書き込み電流又は前記書き込み電圧は、前記選択されたメモリセルの抵抗変化素子に対し、前記フォーミングを行うフォーミングパルスであり、
前記ロード電流は、前記フォーミングパルスの供給により、前記選択されたメモリセルの抵抗変化素子が前記第2の抵抗状態になったことを確認するための電流である
請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のクロスポイント型不揮発性記憶装置。 - 前記抵抗変化素子は、前記第1の抵抗状態と前記第2の抵抗状態とを可逆的に変化し、
前記書き込み電流又は前記書き込み電圧は、前記選択されたメモリセルの抵抗変化素子に対し、前記第1の抵抗状態と前記第2の抵抗状態とに可逆的に変化させる電気的信号であり、
前記ロード電流は、前記選択されたメモリセルの抵抗変化素子が前記第1の抵抗状態及び前記第2の抵抗状態のいずれにあるのかを確認するための電流である
請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のクロスポイント型不揮発性記憶装置。 - 前記メモリセルは、窒素不足型の窒化シリコンで構成されるダイオード素子と前記抵抗変化素子とが直列接続されて構成される
請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載のクロスポイント型不揮発性記憶装置。 - クロスポイント型不揮発性記憶装置の駆動方法であり、
前記クロスポイント型不揮発性記憶装置は、
第1の平面内において互いに平行に形成された複数のワード線と、
前記第1の平面に平行な第2の平面内において互いに平行にかつ前記複数のワード線と立体交差するように形成された複数のビット線と、
前記複数のワード線と前記複数のビット線との立体交差点に設けられ、第1の抵抗状態と前記第1の抵抗状態より抵抗値の低い第2の抵抗状態との2つの抵抗状態をとる抵抗変化素子を含んで構成されたメモリセルが行列状に配列されたクロスポイントメモリセルアレイと、
前記ワード線の1本を選択するワード線選択器と、
前記ビット線の1本を選択するビット線選択器と、
前記ビット線選択器及び前記ワード線選択器により前記ビット線及び前記ワード線を選択することで選択された前記メモリセルに対し、前記選択されたメモリセルの抵抗変化素子の抵抗状態を変化させる書き込み電流又は書き込み電圧を供給する書き込み回路と、
前記選択されたメモリセルに対し、前記選択されたメモリセルの抵抗変化素子の抵抗状態を読み出すためのロード電流を供給するセンスアンプ回路とを備え、
前記クロスポイント型不揮発性記憶装置の駆動方法は、
前記書き込み電流又は前記書き込み電圧と前記ロード電流との少なくともいずれかの大きさを、前記クロスポイントメモリセルアレイにおける前記選択されたメモリセル以外のメモリセルで抵抗変化素子が前記第2の抵抗状態にあるものの数及び場所に応じて変更する第1のステップを含む
クロスポイント型不揮発性記憶装置の駆動方法。 - 前記クロスポイントメモリセルアレイにおいて、(A)前記選択されたビット線につながる前記メモリセルのうち前記選択されたメモリセル以外のメモリセルで抵抗変化素子が前記第2の抵抗状態にあるものを第1メモリセルとし、(B)前記選択されたワード線につながる前記メモリセルのうち前記選択されるメモリセル以外のメモリセルで抵抗変化素子が前記第2の抵抗状態にあるものを第2メモリセルとし、
前記第1のステップでは、前記書き込み電流又は前記書き込み電圧と前記ロード電流との少なくともいずれかの値を、前記第1メモリセルに接続されたワード線と、前記第2メモリセルに接続されたビット線との交点にある前記メモリセルのうち前記第2の抵抗状態にあるものの個数に比例して変更する
請求項10に記載のクロスポイント型不揮発性記憶装置の駆動方法。 - 前記センスアンプ回路は、前記選択されたビット線に電流量の異なるロード電流を選択的に切り替えて供給するロード電流源を有し、前記選択されたビット線に流れ込む電流量が基準の電流量より多い場合は第1の論理値を出力し、前記基準の電流量より少ない場合は第2の論理値を出力し、
前記第1のステップでは、前記ロード電流について前記変更を行い、
前記選択されたメモリセルに、前記変更後のロード電流を供給し、前記センスアンプ回路の出力が前記第2の論理値であることを確認する第2のステップと、
前記第2のステップの後で、前記選択されたメモリセルに前記書き込み電流又は前記書き込み電圧を供給する第3のステップと、
前記第3のステップの後で、前記選択されたメモリセルに前記変更後のロード電流を供給し、前記選択されたメモリセルの抵抗変化素子の抵抗状態を読み出す第4のステップとを含み、
前記第4のステップにおいて、
前記センスアンプ回路の出力が前記第1の論理値の場合は、前記選択されたメモリセルの抵抗変化素子の抵抗状態は変化したと判定し、前記書き込み電流又は前記書き込み電圧の供給を終了し、
前記センスアンプ回路の出力が前記第2の論理値の場合は、前記選択されたメモリセルの抵抗変化素子の抵抗状態は変化していないと判定し、前記第3のステップを再度実行する
請求項10又は11に記載のクロスポイント型不揮発性記憶装置の駆動方法。 - 前記センスアンプ回路は、ロード電流源を有し、前記選択されたビット線に流れ込む電流量が基準の電流量より多い場合は第1の論理値を出力し、前記基準の電流量より少ない場合は第2の論理値を出力し、
前記第1のステップでは、前記書き込み電流又は前記書き込み電圧について前記変更を行い、
前記選択されたメモリセルに、前記ロード電流を供給し、前記センスアンプ回路の出力が前記第2の論理値であることを確認する第2のステップと、
前記第2のステップの後で、前記選択されたメモリセルに前記変更後の書き込み電流又は書き込み電圧を供給する第3のステップと、
前記第3のステップの後で、前記選択されたメモリセルに前記ロード電流を供給し、前記選択されたメモリセルの抵抗変化素子の抵抗状態を読み出す第4のステップとを含み、
前記第4のステップにおいて、
前記センスアンプ回路の出力が前記第1の論理値の場合は、前記選択されたメモリセルの抵抗変化素子の抵抗状態は変化したと判定し、前記変更後の書き込み電流又は書き込み電圧の供給を終了し、
前記センスアンプ回路の出力が前記第2の論理値の場合は、前記選択されたメモリセルの抵抗変化素子の抵抗状態は変化していないと判定し、前記第3のステップを再度実行する
請求項10又は11に記載のクロスポイント型不揮発性記憶装置の駆動方法。 - 前記抵抗変化素子は、形成後の初期状態において前記第1の抵抗状態にあり、フォーミングが行われると前記初期状態から前記低抵抗状態と前記低抵抗状態より抵抗値の高い高抵抗状態との間で可逆的に変化が可能な前記第2の抵抗状態になり、
前記書き込み電流又は前記書き込み電圧は、前記選択されたメモリセルの抵抗変化素子に対し、前記フォーミングを行うフォーミングパルスであり、
前記ロード電流は、前記フォーミングパルスの供給により、前記選択されたメモリセルの抵抗変化素子が前記第2の抵抗状態になったことを確認するための電流である
請求項10~13のいずれか1項に記載のクロスポイント型不揮発性記憶装置の駆動方法。 - 前記抵抗変化素子は、前記第1の抵抗状態と前記第2の抵抗状態との間で可逆的に変化し、
前記書き込み電流又は前記書き込み電圧は、前記選択されたメモリセルの抵抗変化素子に対し、前記第1の抵抗状態と前記第2の抵抗状態とを可逆的に変化させる電気的信号であり、
前記ロード電流は、前記選択されたメモリセルの抵抗変化素子が前記第1の抵抗状態及び前記第2の抵抗状態のいずれにあるのかを確認するための電流である
請求項10~13のいずれか1項に記載のクロスポイント型不揮発性記憶装置の駆動方法。 - 前記メモリセルは、窒素不足型のシリコン窒化膜を有して構成されるダイオード素子と前記抵抗変化素子とが直列接続されて構成される
請求項10~15のいずれか1項に記載のクロスポイント型不揮発性記憶装置の駆動方法。
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CN111724844B (zh) * | 2019-03-22 | 2023-08-25 | 铠侠股份有限公司 | 存储器装置 |
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