WO2013137101A1 - 積層フィルムおよびその製造方法 - Google Patents
積層フィルムおよびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013137101A1 WO2013137101A1 PCT/JP2013/056292 JP2013056292W WO2013137101A1 WO 2013137101 A1 WO2013137101 A1 WO 2013137101A1 JP 2013056292 W JP2013056292 W JP 2013056292W WO 2013137101 A1 WO2013137101 A1 WO 2013137101A1
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- RRHXZLALVWBDKH-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl-[2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethyl]azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC(=C)C(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C RRHXZLALVWBDKH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- Y10T428/31935—Ester, halide or nitrile of addition polymer
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a laminated film in which a resin layer is provided on at least one side of a polyester film. More specifically, transparency, suppression of interference spots when laminating a high refractive index hard coat layer (visibility), adhesion with a high refractive index hard coat layer, adhesion under high temperature and high humidity (wet heat adhesion) It is related with the laminated film excellent in.
- Thermoplastic resin films especially biaxially stretched polyester films, have excellent properties such as mechanical properties, electrical properties, dimensional stability, transparency, and chemical resistance. Widely used in applications.
- polyester films have been used in various optical films, particularly in display member applications such as touch panels, liquid crystal display panels (LCD), plasma display panels (PDP), and organic electroluminescence (organic EL).
- LCD liquid crystal display panels
- PDP plasma display panels
- organic EL organic electroluminescence
- a hard coat film in which a hard coat layer is laminated on a polyester film is used.
- the coating layer which has easy-adhesion property is often provided as these intermediate
- the hard coat film is required to have adhesiveness with a substrate, transparency, scratch resistance, antifouling property, etc. at room temperature, and further under high temperature and high humidity. Moreover, since it is often used on the surface of a display or the like, the hard coat film is required to have visibility and design.
- a hard coat layer is laminated on a polyester film that is a base material, if the refractive index of the hard coat layer and the polyester film that is the base material is different, interference spots due to interface reflection occur and visibility deteriorates. There is a need for reduction of interference spots. Therefore, even when the refractive index adjustment layer (AR layer, index matching layer) or antifouling layer is formed on the hard coat layer, the visibility of the image display device or the like deteriorates or the sense of quality is impaired. There is.
- interference spots can be relatively suppressed when the refractive index of the hard coat layer is 1.60 or less, when a hard coat layer of 1.60 or more and 1.65 or less is laminated, Although the adhesion was good, the interference spots were conspicuous.
- Patent Document 2 lacks versatility such as limited application when the base material is polyethylene naphthalene dicarboxylate (refractive index of 1.7 or more).
- Patent Documents 3 and 4 respectively include a method of adding a water-soluble metal chelate compound or metal acylate compound to a water-soluble polyester resin (Patent Document 3), and a method of adding a polymer binder and a metal oxide having a high refractive index (Patent Document 3).
- Patent Document 4 has been proposed.
- a large amount of nano-order fine particles must be added.
- the surface area of the fine particles increases dramatically, causing a problem of aggregation and a decrease in transparency.
- the refractive index in the surface of the resin layer becomes non-uniform, and there is a problem that the suppression of interference spots is also reduced.
- the ratio of the binder component that contributes to the adhesiveness to the hard coat layer is relatively reduced, so that there is a problem that the adhesiveness is also reduced.
- Patent Document 5 metal oxide particles and coarse particles having an average particle diameter of 200 nm or more are used, and light scattering by coarse particles having an average particle diameter of 200 nm or more is used to reduce interference spots. In this case, since light scattering is used, there is a problem that the haze of the coating film increases.
- the present invention has an object to provide a laminated polyester film that solves the above-mentioned drawbacks and is excellent in transparency, visibility, and adhesion to a substrate and a hard coat layer.
- the laminated film of the present invention has one of the following configurations. That is, A laminated film in which a resin layer is provided on at least one side of a polyester film, the resin layer comprising a metal oxide particle (A) having a number average particle diameter of 3 nm to 50 nm, an acrylic resin (B), and an oxazoline Containing at least a compound (C 1 ′) and / or a melamine compound (C 2 ′), the acrylic resin (B) comprising a monomer unit (b 1 ) represented by the formula ( 1 ) and the formula (2)
- R 1 group represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. Further, n represents an integer of 9 or more and 34 or less.
- the R 2 group represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- the R 4 group represents a group containing two or more saturated hydrocarbon rings.
- multilayer film of this invention has the following structure. That is, A method for producing a laminated film in which a resin layer is provided on at least one side of a polyester film, wherein the resin is formed on at least one side of the polyester film using the following resin composition, and then the laminated film is stretched at least in a uniaxial direction. Then, a method for producing a laminated film, wherein the laminated film is subjected to a heat treatment.
- the resin composition comprises a metal oxide particle (A) having a number average particle diameter of 3 nm to 50 nm, an acrylic resin (B), an oxazoline compound (C 1 ′) and / or a melamine compound ( C 2 ′) at least, wherein the acrylic resin (B) comprises a monomer unit (b 1 ) represented by formula (1) and a monomer unit represented by formula (2) ( b 2 ) and a resin having a monomer unit (b 3 ) represented by the formula (3).
- R 1 group represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. Further, n represents an integer of 9 or more and 34 or less.
- the R 2 group represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- the R 4 group represents a group containing two or more saturated hydrocarbon rings.
- the R 3 group represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- the R 5 group represents a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a tertiary amino group, a quaternary ammonium base, a sulfonic acid group, or phosphoric acid. Represents a group).
- the laminated film of the present invention is transparent, suppresses interference spots when a high refractive index hard coat layer is laminated, adheres to a high refractive index hard coat layer, and adheres under high temperature and high humidity (wet heat adhesion). Excellent.
- the laminated film of the present invention has the configuration as described above, and the resin layer preferably contains particles (AB) having the acrylic resin (B) on the surface of the metal oxide particles (A). .
- the metal oxide particles (A) are preferably titanium oxide particles (A 1 ′) and / or zirconium oxide particles (A 2 ′).
- the resin layer preferably contains a polyester resin (D) having a fluorene structure, and the polyester resin (D) does not have a dicarboxylic acid component (Da 3 ) having a sulfonate group, or a polyester resin ( It is preferable to have less than 0.1 mol% with respect to the amount of the dicarboxylic acid component (Da) constituting D).
- the thickness of the resin layer is preferably 10 to 50 nm.
- the metal oxide particles (A), the acrylic resin (B), the component derived from the oxazoline-based compound (C 1 ) and / or the melamine-based film It is necessary to contain a component (C 2 ) derived from the compound.
- Acrylic resin having a monomer unit represented by formula (1) (b 1), the monomer units (b 2) represented by the formula (2), a monomer unit represented by the formula (3) (b 3)
- the metal oxide particles It becomes possible to suppress the aggregation of A).
- it improves the transparency of the laminated film (reduces haze), suppresses interference spots when the high refractive index hard coat layer is laminated, and improves the adhesion with the high refractive index hard coat layer.
- adhesiveness wet heat adhesiveness
- interference spots can be suppressed when a high refractive index hard coat layer is laminated. This is because when the aggregation of the metal oxide particles (A) can be suppressed, the metal oxide particles (A) can be present uniformly in the resin layer. Thereby, while being able to form the resin layer of uniform thickness, it becomes possible to raise the reflectance of a resin layer uniformly. As a result, it is considered that the difference in refractive index of the polyester film, the resin layer, and the high refractive index hard coat as the base material is almost the same, and interference spots are suppressed.
- the acrylic resin (B) contained in the resin layer of the present invention comprises a monomer unit (b 1 ) represented by the formula (1), a monomer unit (b 2) represented by the formula ( 2 ), a formula ( It is important that the resin has a monomer unit (b 3 ) represented by 3 ).
- the R 1 group represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and n represents an integer of 9 or more and 34 or less).
- the R 2 group represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- the R 4 group represents a group containing two or more saturated hydrocarbon rings).
- the R 3 group represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- the R 5 group represents a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a tertiary amino group, a quaternary ammonium base, a sulfonic acid group, or phosphoric acid. Represents a group.
- the acrylic resin (B) in the present invention is a resin having a monomer unit (b 1 ) represented by the formula (1).
- the dispersibility of the metal oxide particles (A) in the aqueous solvent (details of the aqueous solvent will be described later) is unstable. It becomes.
- a resin composition having metal oxide particles, an acrylic resin, an oxazoline-based compound and / or a melamine-based compound, and an aqueous solvent is applied onto a polyester film serving as a base material.
- the resin layer is preferably formed by drying.
- an acrylic resin having a monomer unit with n of less than 9 in the formula (1) when used, the metal oxide particles (A) aggregate or settle in the resin composition, or the metal oxide particles (A ) May agglomerate. As a result, it may become impossible to obtain a laminated film with good transparency, or interference spots at the time of laminating a high refractive index hard coat layer may be poor.
- an acrylic resin having a monomer unit in which n in Formula (1) exceeds 34 has extremely low solubility in an aqueous solvent, and thus aggregation of the acrylic resin is likely to occur in the aqueous solvent.
- the acrylic resin (B) in the present invention has the monomer unit (b 1 ) represented by the formula (1), the (meth) acrylate monomer (b 1 ′) represented by the following formula (4): Must be used as a raw material for polymerization.
- the (meth) acrylate monomer (b 1 ′) is preferably a (meth) acrylate monomer represented by an integer of 9 to 34 in the formula (4), more preferably 11 to 32 (meth).
- the R 1 group represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- the (meth) acrylate monomer (b 1 ′) is not particularly limited as long as it is a (meth) acrylate monomer in which n in the formula (4) is 9 or more and 34 or less.
- decyl (meth) acrylate, dodecyl ( (Meth) acrylate, tridecyl (meth) acrylate, tetradecyl (meth) acrylate, 1-methyltridecyl (meth) acrylate, hexadecyl (meth) acrylate, octadecyl (meth) acrylate, eicosyl (meth) acrylate, docosyl (meth) acrylate, Tetracosyl (meth) acrylate, triacontyl (meth) acrylate, etc. are mentioned, and especially dodecyl (meth) acrylate and tridecyl (meth) acrylate are preferable. These may be used alone or in a mixture of two or more.
- the acrylic resin (B) in the present invention is a resin having the monomer unit (b 2 ) represented by the formula (2).
- the function as steric hindrance is insufficient, and the metal oxide particles (A) are aggregated in the resin composition. Alternatively, it may settle or the metal oxide particles (A) may aggregate in the drying process.
- the acrylic resin (B) in the present invention has the monomer unit (b 2 ) represented by the formula (2), the (meth) acrylate monomer (b 2 ′) represented by the following formula (5): Must be used as a raw material for polymerization.
- (meth) acrylate monomer (b 2 ′) represented by the formula (5) a bridged condensed cyclic formula (having a structure in which two or more rings each share two atoms and bonded) And various cyclic structures such as spirocyclic (having a structure in which two cyclic structures are shared by sharing one carbon atom), specifically, compounds having bicyclo, tricyclo, tetracyclo groups, etc.
- (meth) acrylates containing a bicyclo group are particularly preferred from the viewpoint of compatibility with the binder.
- the R 2 group represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- the R 4 group represents a group containing two or more saturated hydrocarbon rings.
- Examples of the (meth) acrylate containing the bicyclo group include isobornyl (meth) acrylate, bornyl (meth) acrylate, dicyclopentanyl (meth) acrylate, dicyclopentenyl (meth) acrylate, adamantyl (meth) acrylate, and dimethyladamantyl (Meth) acrylate etc. are mentioned, and isobornyl (meth) acrylate is particularly preferred.
- the acrylic resin (B) in the present invention is a resin having the monomer unit (b 3 ) represented by the formula (3).
- the acrylic resin When an acrylic resin having a monomer unit in which R 5 group in formula (3) does not have any of a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a tertiary amino group, a quaternary ammonium group, a sulfonic acid group, and a phosphoric acid group is used, the acrylic resin Insufficient compatibility in the aqueous solvent, and in the resin composition, the acrylic resin is precipitated, and accordingly, the metal oxide particles (A) aggregate or settle, or the metal oxide particles ( A) may agglomerate.
- the acrylic resin (B) in the present invention has the monomer unit (b 3 ) represented by the following formula (6), the (meth) acrylate monomer (b 3 ′) represented by the formula (12) Must be used as a raw material for polymerization.
- Examples of the (meth) acrylate monomer (b 3 ′) represented by the formula (12) include the following compounds.
- the R 3 group represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- the R 5 group represents a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a tertiary amino group, a quaternary ammonium base, a sulfonic acid group, or phosphoric acid.
- Examples of the (meth) acrylate monomer having a hydroxyl group include 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, 2,3-dihydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate, polyethylene
- Examples include monoesterified products of polyhydric alcohols such as glycol mono (meth) acrylate and (meth) acrylic acid, or compounds obtained by ring-opening polymerization of ⁇ -caprolapton to the monoesterified product, and particularly 2-hydroxyethyl ( Preferred are (meth) acrylate and 2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate.
- Examples of (meth) acrylate monomers having a carboxyl group include ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, or hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates and acid anhydrides.
- a half esterified product of Acrylic acid and methacrylic acid are particularly preferable.
- Tertiary amino group-containing monomers include N, N-, such as N, N-dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, N, N-diethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, N, N-dimethylaminopropyl (meth) acrylate, and the like.
- N, N-dialkylamino such as dialkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylate, N, N-dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylamide, N, N-diethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylamide, N, N-dimethylaminopropyl (meth) acrylamide
- Examples include alkyl (meth) acrylamide, and N, N-dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate is particularly preferable.
- quaternary ammonium group-containing monomer a monomer obtained by allowing a quaternizing agent such as epihalohydrin, benzyl halide, or alkyl halide to act on the above-mentioned tertiary amino group-containing monomer is preferable.
- 2- (methacryloyloxy ) (Meth) acryloyloxyalkyltrialkylammonium salts such as ethyl trimethylammonium chloride, 2- (methacryloyloxy) ethyltrimethylammonium bromide, 2- (methacryloyloxy) ethyltrimethylammonium dimethyl phosphate, methacryloylaminopropyltrimethylammonium chloride, methacryloyl (Meth) acryloylaminoalkyltrialkylammonium salts such as aminopropyltrimethylammonium bromide, tetrabutylammonium Tetra (meth) acrylates such as Moniumu (meth) acrylate, and tri-alkyl benzyl ammonium (meth 9 acrylates such as trimethylbenzylammonium (meth) acrylate.
- sulfonic acid group-containing monomer examples include (meth) acrylamide-alkanesulfonic acid such as butyl acrylamide sulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, or sulfoalkyl (meth) such as 2-sulfoethyl (meth) acrylate. Examples thereof include acrylate, and 2-sulfoethyl (meth) acrylate is particularly preferable.
- Examples of the phosphoric acid group-containing acrylic monomer include acid phosphooxyethyl (meth) acrylate, and acid phosphooxyethyl (meth) acrylate is particularly preferable.
- the acrylic resin (B) is preferably an aqueous resin that can be dissolved, emulsified or suspended in an aqueous solvent from the viewpoint of environmental pollution and explosion resistance.
- Such acrylic resin that can be dissolved, emulsified or suspended in water is a copolymer or reactive emulsifier with a monomer having a hydrophilic group (acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylamide, vinyl sulfonic acid and salts thereof, etc.). And emulsion polymerization using a surfactant, suspension polymerization, soap-free polymerization, and the like.
- the polymerization initiator is not particularly limited, but is a general radical polymerization initiator, for example, a water-soluble peroxide such as potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, hydrogen peroxide, or benzoyl peroxide or t-butyl hydroper Oil-soluble peroxides such as oxides or azo compounds such as azodiisobutyronitrile can be used.
- a general radical polymerization initiator for example, a water-soluble peroxide such as potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, hydrogen peroxide, or benzoyl peroxide or t-butyl hydroper Oil-soluble peroxides such as oxides or azo compounds such as azodiisobutyronitrile can be used.
- the resin layer of the laminated film of the present invention comprises at least the component (C 1 ) derived from the acrylic resin (B) and the oxazoline compound and / or the component (C 2 ) derived from the melamine compound, and a metal oxide It is important that the particles contain the particles (A) and the number average particle diameter of the metal oxide particles (A) is 3 nm or more and 50 nm or less. [Metal oxide particles (A)] By using such metal oxide particles (A), the refractive index of the resin layer can be increased. As a result, suppression of interference spots when laminating the hard coat layer, and further because the number average particle diameter of the metal oxide particles (A) is sufficiently smaller than the wavelength of visible light, it is possible to improve the transparency of the laminated film Become.
- the metal oxide particles (A) in the present invention are elements that are rich in malleability and ductility, are good electrical and thermal conductors, and have a metallic luster, that is, boron (B), silicon (Si), arsenic (in the periodic table) As), tellurium (Te), and astatine (At) refers to oxide fine particles of elements located to the left of the diagonal line. Further, oxide fine particles of an element located on the right side of the alkaline earth metal (Group 2) in the periodic table are preferable.
- metal oxide particles having a high refractive index preferably metal oxide particles having a refractive index of 1.6 or more are suitable.
- the high refractive index metal oxide particles include TiO 2 , ZrO 2 , ZnO, CeO 2 , SnO 2 , Sb 2 O 5 , indium-doped tin oxide (ITO), phosphorus-doped tin oxide (PTO), Y 2 O 5 , la 2 O 3, Al 2 O 3, and the like.
- metal oxide particles may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used in combination of 2 or more type. From the viewpoint of dispersion stability and refractive index, titanium oxide particles (TiO 2 ) (A 1 ′) and / or zirconium oxide particles (ZrO 2 ) (A 2 ′) are particularly preferable.
- the number average particle diameter of the metal oxide particles (A) will be described.
- the number average particle diameter refers to the particle diameter determined by a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The magnification is 500,000 times, and the outer diameter of 10 particles existing on the screen is the number average particle diameter obtained by measuring a total of 100 particles for 10 fields of view.
- the outer diameter means the maximum diameter of the particle (that is, the longest diameter of the particle and indicates the longest diameter in the particle).
- the maximum diameter of the particle is also defined.
- the metal oxide particles (A) have a number average particle diameter of 3 nm to 50 nm. Preferably they are 10 nm or more and 45 nm or less, More preferably, they are 15 nm or more and 40 nm or less.
- the metal oxide particles (A) are more preferably particles (AB) having an acrylic resin (B) on a part or all of the surface thereof (the resin layer containing the particles (AB) Naturally, the metal oxide particles (A) and the acrylic resin (B) are contained).
- the resin layer suppresses aggregation of metal oxide particles (A) and particles (AB) during the drying process when the resin layer is formed using the resin composition described later.
- the transparency can be further improved.
- the metal oxide particles (A) have the acrylic resin (B) on the surface, the acrylic resin (B) on a part or all of the surface of the metal oxide particles (A) ) Indicates adsorption / adhesion.
- the method for producing the particles (AB) is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of surface-treating the metal oxide particles (A) with an acrylic resin (B). Specifically, the following ( The methods i) to (iv) are exemplified.
- the surface treatment refers to a treatment for adsorbing and adhering the acrylic resin (B) to all or a part of the surface of the metal oxide particles (A).
- the desired effect can be obtained by any of these methods.
- a dispersion apparatus a dissolver, a high speed mixer, a homomixer, a mixer, a ball mill, a roll mill, a sand mill, a paint shaker, an SC mill, an annular mill, a pin mill, and the like can be used.
- the rotating shaft is rotated at a peripheral speed of 5 to 15 m / s using the above apparatus.
- the rotation time is 5 to 10 hours.
- the bead diameter is preferably 0.05 to 0.5 mm, more preferably 0.08 to 0.5 mm, and particularly preferably 0.08 to 0.2 mm.
- the mixing and stirring can be performed by shaking the container by hand, using a magnetic stirrer or stirring blade, irradiating with ultrasonic waves, vibrating and dispersing.
- the concentrated and solidified sediment is analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to confirm the presence or absence of the acrylic resin (B) on the surface of the metal oxide particles (A).
- XPS X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
- the presence or absence of particles (AB) in the resin layer of the laminated film is determined by using XPS while etching at an etching rate of 1 nm / min (SiO 2 conversion) with argon ions from the resin layer side of the laminated film. Can be confirmed. That is, when the presence of the acrylic resin (B) is confirmed on the surface of the metal oxide particles (A), it can be seen that the metal oxide particles (A) are particles (AB).
- the content of the metal oxide particles (A) in the resin layer is preferably 20% by mass or more and 70% by mass or less with respect to the entire resin layer. More preferably, they are 25 mass% or more and 65 mass% or less, More preferably, they are 30 mass% or more and 60 mass% or less.
- the refractive index of the resin layer can be adjusted without impairing the film forming property of the resin layer. Can be improved. As a result, it is possible to sufficiently exhibit desired transparency and interference spot suppression when the hard coat layer is laminated.
- the content of (B) is preferably 5% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less with respect to the entire resin layer. More preferably, they are 7 mass% or more and 18 mass% or less, More preferably, they are 9 mass% or more and 16 mass% or less.
- the resin layer contains metal oxide particles (A), an acrylic resin (B), a component derived from an oxazoline compound (C 1 ) and / or a component derived from a melamine compound (C 2 ). Furthermore, it is preferable that the polyester resin (D) having a fluorene structure is contained, more preferably, the polyester resin (D) having a fluorene structure does not have a dicarboxylic acid component (Da 3 ) having a sulfonate group. Or it is preferable to have less than 0.1 mol% with respect to the quantity of the dicarboxylic acid component (Da) which comprises a polyester resin (D).
- the polyester resin (D) having such a fluorene structure By using the polyester resin (D) having such a fluorene structure, the refractive index of the resin layer is increased and the adhesion with the hard coat layer is also improved. As a result, it is possible to further suppress interference spots when laminating a high refractive index hard coat layer, adhesion to the high refractive index hard coat layer, and adhesion under high temperature and high humidity (wet heat adhesion). This is more preferable.
- the polyester resin (D) having a fluorene structure used in the present invention refers to a polyester resin having an ester bond in the main chain or side chain, and can be obtained by the following method I) or II). Further, a method using I) and II) in combination (a method in which a dicarboxylic acid component (Da), a glycol component (Db), and a component (Dc) are used as constituent components and these are subjected to a polycondensation reaction) may be used.
- a dicarboxylic acid component (Da) and a glycol component (Db) are used as constituent components, and both are subjected to a polycondensation reaction
- a component (Dc) having at least one alcoholic group (hydroxyl group) and at least one carboxyl group is used as a constituent component and subjected to a polycondensation reaction.
- the dicarboxylic acid component (Da) is classified into a dicarboxylic acid component (Da 1 ) having a fluorene structure and a dicarboxylic acid component (Da 2 ) having no fluorene structure.
- the glycol component (Db) is classified into a glycol component (Db 1 ) having a fluorene structure and a glycol component (Db 2 ) having no fluorene structure.
- a dicarboxylic acid component (Da 1 ) having a fluorene structure and / or a glycol component (Db 1 ) having a fluorene structure are copolymerized.
- the component (Dc) is classified into a component (Dc 1 ) having a fluorene structure and a component (Dc 2 ) having no fluorene structure.
- a component (Dc 1 ) having a fluorene structure is copolymerized.
- polyester resin (D) having a fluorene structure hereinafter sometimes referred to as “fluorene copolymerized polyester resin (D)”.
- the method is the same as the method of I).
- the dicarboxylic acid component (Da) includes an ester-forming derivative obtained by alkylating a dicarboxylic acid.
- the dicarboxylic acid component (Da) includes not only dicarboxylic acids in a narrow sense but also polyvalent carboxylic acids having 3 or more valences. Further, the dicarboxylic acid component (Da) includes an acid anhydride.
- the glycol component (Da) includes not only a narrowly defined glycol but also a trivalent or higher polyol.
- Examples of the dicarboxylic acid component (Da 1 ) having a fluorene structure include 9,9-bis (t-butoxycarbonylmethyl) fluorene, 9,9-bis [2- (t-butoxycarbonyl) ethyl] fluorene, 9-bis [1- (t-butoxycarbonyl) ethyl] fluorene, 9,9-bis [2- (t-butoxycarbonyl) -1-methylpropyl] fluorene, 9,9-bis [2- (t-butoxy) Examples include, but are not limited to, carbonyl) butyl] fluorene, 9,9-bis [5- (t-butoxycarbonyl) pentyl] fluorene, and the like.
- dicarboxylic acid component (Da 2 ) having no fluorene structure aromatic, aliphatic and alicyclic dicarboxylic acids and trivalent or higher polyvalent carboxylic acids having no fluorene structure can be used.
- dicarboxylic acid component (Da 2 ) aromatic, aliphatic and alicyclic dicarboxylic acids and trivalent or higher polyvalent carboxylic acids having no fluorene structure can be used.
- terephthalic acid isophthalic acid, phthalic acid, 2,5-dimethylterephthalic acid, 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 1,2 -Bisphenoxyethane-p, p'-dicarboxylic acid, etc.
- terephthalic acid isophthalic acid, phthalic acid, 2,5-dimethylterephthalic acid, 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarbox
- aliphatic and alicyclic dicarboxylic acids examples include succinic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedioic acid, dimer acid, 1,3-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 1, 4-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid and the like, and ester-forming derivatives thereof can be used.
- glycol component (Db 1 ) having a fluorene structure 9,9-bis [4- (2-hydroxyethoxy) phenyl] fluorene, 9,9-bis [4- (2-hydroxyethoxy) -3-methylphenyl] Fluorene, 9,9-bis [4- (2-hydroxyethoxy) -3,5-diisopropylphenyl] fluorene, 9,9-bis [4- (2-hydroxyethoxy) -3,5-dibenzylphenyl] fluorene 9,9-bis [4- (3-hydroxypropoxy) phenyl] fluorene 9,9-bis [4- (4-hydroxybutoxy) phenyl] fluorene, and the like, but is not limited thereto.
- glycol component having no fluorene structure examples include ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1, 5-pentanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,10-decanediol, neopentyl glycol, 4,4'-dihydroxybiphenol, o-, m-, and p-dihydroxybenzene, 4,4'-isopropylidene Phenol, cyclopentane-1,2-diol, cyclohexane-1,2-diol, cyclohexane-1,4-diol and the like can be used, but are not limited thereto.
- the copolymerization amount of the dicarboxylic acid component (Da 1 ) having a fluorene structure in the fluorene copolymerized polyester resin (D) is 40 moles relative to the amount of the dicarboxylic acid component (Da) constituting the fluorene copolymerized polyester resin (D). % Or more, and more preferably 80 mol% or more. Although an upper limit is not specifically limited, It is preferable that it is 95 mol% or less.
- the copolymerization amount of the glycol component (Db 1 ) having a fluorene structure in the fluorene copolymerized polyester resin (D) is 40 mol with respect to the amount of the glycol component (Db) constituting the fluorene copolymerized polyester resin (D). % Or more, and more preferably 80 mol% or more. The upper limit is not particularly limited, but is particularly preferably 95 mol% or less.
- the copolymerization amount of the dicarboxylic acid component (Da 1 ) or glycol component (Db 1 ) having a fluorene structure is less than 40 mol%, there is a possibility that the high refractive index of the fluorene copolymerized polyester resin (D) may be insufficient. There is.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, but if the copolymerization ratio exceeds 95 mol%, the glass transition temperature of the fluorene copolymerized polyester resin (D) becomes high, and the resin layer is formed using an in-line coating method described later. When the film is provided, the stretchable followability becomes poor, and a uniform resin layer may not be provided.
- the copolymerization amount of the dicarboxylic acid component (Da 1 ) having a fluorene structure and the glycol component (Db 1 ) having a fluorene structure in the fluorene copolymer polyester resin (D) constitutes the fluorene copolymer polyester resin (D).
- the total amount of the dicarboxylic acid component (Da) and glycol component (Db) is 100 mol%, it is preferably 20 mol% or more, more preferably 40 mol% or more. Although an upper limit is not specifically limited, It is preferable that it is 50 mol% or less.
- the fluorene copolymer polyester resin (D) is preferably water-soluble.
- a hydrophilic component such as a compound containing a carboxylate group or a compound containing a sulfonate group in the side chain of the polyester resin (D).
- the introduction of such a hydrophilic component is achieved by using a dicarboxylic acid component having a sulfonate group (Da 3 ) or a trivalent or higher polyvalent carboxylic acid component (Da 4 ) as the dicarboxylic acid component (Da). Can do.
- Examples of the dicarboxylic acid component (Da 3 ) having a sulfonate group include sulfoisophthalic acid, 5-sulfoisophthalic acid, 4-sulfophthalic acid, 4-sulfonaphthalene-2,7dicarboxylic 5 [4-sulfophenoxy] isophthalic acid.
- Examples include alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts.
- an acid anhydride can be used in addition to a polyvalent carboxylic acid such as trimellitic acid.
- the fluorene copolymer polyester resin (D) does not have a dicarboxylic acid component (Da 3 ) having a sulfonate group, or the dicarboxylic acid component (Da) constituting the fluorene copolymer polyester resin (D). It is preferable to have less than 0.1 mol% with respect to the quantity.
- the amount of the dicarboxylic acid component (Da 3 ) having a sulfonate group is more preferably 0.05 mol% or less, and particularly preferably not (0 mol%).
- the present invention when imparting hydrophilicity (water solubility) to the fluorene copolymerized polyester resin (D), it is preferable to copolymerize a trivalent or higher polyvalent carboxylic acid component (Da 4 ).
- a carboxyl group By copolymerizing a trivalent or higher polyvalent carboxylic acid component (Da 4 ), a carboxyl group can be introduced into the side chain of the polyester resin (D).
- it is good also as a carboxylate group by neutralizing this carboxyl group with ammonia, sodium hydroxide, etc.
- the hydrophilicity can be further enhanced.
- Tetracarboxylic acid has more carboxyl groups than trivalent carboxylic acid such as trimellitic acid, so it is necessary to impart hydrophilicity to fluorene copolymer polyester resin (D).
- Fluorene copolymer polyester resin The proportion of the polyvalent carboxylic acid component (Da 4 ) in the dicarboxylic acid component (Da) in (D) can be reduced. Thereby, the number average molecular weight at the time of polymerizing the polyester resin can be sufficiently increased, and the adhesion with the high refractive index hard coat layer to be laminated can be improved.
- a trivalent or higher polyvalent carboxylic acid anhydride (Da 4 ) is added to a polyester polyol (polyester oligomer) obtained by reacting the dicarboxylic acid component (Da) and the glycol component (Db). ) Is preferably reacted to introduce a carboxyl group into the side chain of the polyester resin (D).
- a carboxyl group can be more efficiently introduced into the side chain of the polyester resin (D).
- the substance amount (Da 4 m (mol)) of the polyvalent carboxylic acid anhydride (Da 4 ) used at this time is equal to the substance amount (Dam (mol)) of the glycol component (Da) used in the esterification reaction and dicarboxylic acid. It is preferable that the amount of the substance is 0.5 to 1.0 times the difference (Dam ⁇ Dbm (mol)) in the amount of the acid component (Dbm (mol)). If it is set as the said preferable range, it will be excellent in the adhesiveness under the high-temperature, high-humidity conditions to the base material of this prepared resin layer, On the other hand, the number average molecular weight of polyester will fully raise.
- the addition amount of 9,9-bis [4- (2-hydroxyethoxy) phenyl] fluorene and ethylene glycol is 1.01 to 2.0 times mol with respect to all dicarboxylic acid components.
- the polyester polyol can be polymerized smoothly in the presence of an excess glycol component, while the number average molecular weight distribution of the polyester resin is sufficiently increased.
- the catalyst examples include titanium-based catalysts such as tetraisopropyl titanate and tetra-n-butyl titanate, antimony-based compounds such as antimony trioxide, germanium-based catalysts such as germanium oxide, and catalysts such as zinc acetate, manganese acetate, and dibutyltin oxide.
- titanium-based catalysts such as tetraisopropyl titanate and tetra-n-butyl titanate
- antimony-based compounds such as antimony trioxide
- germanium-based catalysts such as germanium oxide
- catalysts such as zinc acetate, manganese acetate, and dibutyltin oxide.
- tetra-n-butyl titanate is used.
- the esterification reaction at this time is not particularly limited by temperature and time, and may be carried out within a known range.
- polyvalent carboxylic acid anhydride (Da 4 ) is added to the obtained polyester polyol. If this reaction is carried out at 160 to 200 ° C. for about 1 to 10 hours, the desired polyester polyol can be obtained. At this time, the catalyst may be added to the same extent.
- the intrinsic viscosity of the fluorene copolymerized polyester resin (D) is not particularly limited, but is 0.3 dl / g or more in order to improve the adhesion to an adherend such as a hard coat layer. Is preferred.
- the upper limit of the intrinsic viscosity is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.8 dl / g or less from the viewpoint of handling properties.
- the fluorene copolymerized polyester resin (D) having the desired intrinsic viscosity can be obtained by adjusting melt polymerization conditions such as polymerization time and polymerization temperature.
- the glass transition point of the fluorene copolymerized polyester resin (D) (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as Tg) is preferably 50 to 170 ° C., more preferably 50 to 150 ° C.
- Tg glass transition point of the fluorene copolymerized polyester resin
- the wet heat adhesiveness is excellent, and on the other hand, the resin layer can be uniformly coated by an in-line coating method described later.
- the acid value of the fluorene copolymerized polyester resin (D) is preferably 20 mgKOH / g or more, more preferably 30 mgKOH / g or more.
- the adhesion with the hard coat layer, particularly the wet heat adhesion can be improved.
- the acid value to the above range, the polymerization time of the fluorene copolymerized polyester resin (D), is obtained by adjusting the amount of polycarboxylic acid anhydride to be reacted with the polyester polyol (Da 4).
- the content of the fluorene copolymerized polyester resin (D) in the resin layer is preferably 5% by weight or more and 30% by weight or less based on the entire resin layer.
- the refractive index of the resin layer is increased, and the difference in refractive index between the base material, the resin layer, and the high refractive index hard coat layer is increased. It becomes smaller and interference spots can be reduced. Furthermore, the adhesiveness with the high refractive index hard coat layer can be improved.
- the resin layer of the laminated film in the present invention contains at least the metal oxide particles (A) and the acrylic resin (B), and is further derived from the component (C 1 ) and / or the melamine compound derived from the oxazoline compound. It is important to contain the component (C 2 ).
- the metal It becomes possible to suppress the aggregation of the oxide particles (A), and as a result, the transparency and reflectance of the laminated film can be increased, and as a result, when the hard coat is laminated, the transparency and adhesiveness are increased. A laminated film having excellent visibility can be obtained.
- interference spots when a high refractive index hard coat layer is laminated can be suppressed. This is because when the aggregation of the metal oxide particles (A) can be suppressed, the metal oxide particles (A) can be present uniformly in the resin layer. As a result, a resin layer having a uniform thickness can be formed, and the reflectance of the resin layer can be increased uniformly, which is considered to contribute to suppression of interference spots.
- the metal oxide particles (A) having low adhesion to the hard coat layer will not be locally present, so the adhesion to the hard coat layer Can be improved.
- the resin composition according to the present invention has the acrylic resin (B) adsorbed and adhered to a part or all of the surface of the metal oxide particles (A) in the aqueous solvent. It is preferable.
- a resin layer is formed by apply
- the particle content is 70% by mass or less in the resin layer
- the acrylic resin (B) adsorbed and adhering to the surface of the metal oxide particles (A) has steric hindrance. It is thought that aggregation can be suppressed relatively. However, when the particle content exceeds 70% by mass, it becomes difficult to suppress aggregation between particles.
- the particle content may exceed 30 parts by mass, It is possible to suppress aggregation between particles.
- the acrylic resin (B) is adsorbed and adhered to the surface of the metal oxide particles (A), and the oxazoline compound (C 1 ') and / or melamine compound (C 2 ') is also aqueous. It exists uniformly in the solvent. However, the acrylic resin (B) and the oxazoline compound (C 1 ′), and the acrylic resin (B) and the melamine compound (C 2 ′) are mutually applied in the process of coating on the polyester film of the substrate and drying.
- the outside of the metal oxide particles (A) to which the acrylic resin (B) is adsorbed and adhered encloses the oxazoline compound (C 1 ') and / or melamine compound (C 2 '), It is considered that the resin layer is formed through drying while maintaining the state. In this drying process, the particles are enveloped in the oxazoline-based compound (C 1 ′) and / or melamine-based compound (C 2 ′), so that the distance between particles can be kept long even in the process of concentration during drying. As a result, it is presumed that particle aggregation is suppressed.
- the component (C 1 ) derived from the oxazoline-based compound in the present invention is not only the oxazoline-based compound (C 1 ′) described below, but also the oxazoline-based compound (C 1 ′) is an acrylic resin (B) or (B In the case of forming a crosslinked structure with an acrylic resin or melamine compound (C 2 ′) other than), a component derived from the oxazoline compound (C 1 ′) (for example, a residue) is included.
- the oxazoline-based compound (C 1 ′) is not particularly limited as long as it has at least one oxazoline group or oxazine group per molecule, but the addition-polymerizable oxazoline group-containing monomer is polymerized alone or other monomers The polymer type polymerized together is preferred.
- Addition polymerizable oxazoline group-containing monomers include 2-vinyl-2-oxazoline, 2-vinyl-4-methyl-2-oxazoline, 2-vinyl-5-methyl-2-oxazoline, 2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline 2-isopropenyl-4-methyl-2-oxazoline and 2-isopropenyl-5-ethyl-2-oxazoline. These may be used alone or in a mixture of two or more. Of these, 2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline is preferred because it is easily available industrially.
- the other monomer is not limited as long as it is a monomer copolymerizable with an addition polymerizable oxazoline group-containing monomer, for example, alkyl acrylate, alkyl methacrylate (the alkyl group includes methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, (meth) acrylic acid esters such as n-butyl group, isobutyl group, t-butyl group, 2-ethylhexyl group, cyclohexyl group), acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, crotonic acid, styrene Unsaturated carboxylic acids such as sulfonic acid and its salts (sodium salt, potassium salt, ammonium salt, tertiary amine salt, etc.), unsaturated nitriles such as acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile; acrylamide, meth
- ⁇ -olefins such as ethylene and propylene
- halogen-containing ⁇ and ⁇ -unsaturated monomers such as vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride and vinyl fluoride
- ⁇ and ⁇ -unsaturated aromatics such as styrene and ⁇ -methylstyrene Group monomers and the like, one or more of these It may be used monomers.
- the component (C 2 ) derived from the melamine compound in the present invention is not only the melamine compound (C 2 ′) described below, but also the melamine compound (C 2 ′) is an acrylic resin (B) or (B In the case where a crosslinked structure is formed with an acrylic resin or oxazoline compound (C 1 ′) other than), a component derived from the melamine compound (C 2 ′) (for example, a residue) is included.
- Examples of the melamine compound (C 2 ′) include melamine, a methylolated melamine derivative obtained by condensing melamine and formaldehyde, a compound partially or completely etherified by reacting a methylolated melamine with a lower alcohol, and These mixtures can be used. Specifically, a compound having a triazine and a methylol group is particularly preferable. Further, the melamine compound may be a monomer or a condensate composed of a dimer or higher polymer, or a mixture thereof.
- methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butanol, isobutanol and the like can be used.
- the group has an imino group, a methylol group, or an alkoxymethyl group such as a methoxymethyl group or a butoxymethyl group in one molecule, and an imino group type methylated melamine resin, a methylol group type melamine resin, or a methylol group type methyl group.
- an acidic catalyst such as p-toluenesulfonic acid may be used to promote thermal curing of the melamine compound.
- the component (C 1 ) derived from the oxazoline-based compound and / or the component (C 2 ) derived from the melamine-based compound must impair the effects of the metal oxide particles (A) and the acrylic resin (B). Any amount can be used.
- Amount of oxazoline compound (C 1 ′) which is a raw material of component (C 1 ) derived from oxazoline compound and melamine compound (C 2 ′) which is a raw material of component (C 2 ) derived from melamine compound Is preferably 10 to 50 parts by mass, more preferably 15 to 45 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass in total of the metal oxide particles (A) and the acrylic resin (B). By setting it as 10 mass parts or more, it becomes possible to express the effect of the component (C 1 ) derived from the oxazoline-based compound and / or the component (C 2 ) derived from the melamine-based compound in the resin layer.
- polyester film In addition to the component (C 1 ) derived from the oxazoline compound and / or the component (C 2 ) derived from the melamine compound, other compounds such as carbodiimide compounds, epoxy compounds, aziridine compounds, amide epoxy compounds, titanium Titanate coupling agents such as chelates, methylolated or alkylolated urea compounds, acrylamide compounds, and the like can be optionally used.
- other compounds such as carbodiimide compounds, epoxy compounds, aziridine compounds, amide epoxy compounds, titanium Titanate coupling agents such as chelates, methylolated or alkylolated urea compounds, acrylamide compounds, and the like can be optionally used.
- polyester is a general term for polymers having an ester bond in the main chain, and includes ethylene terephthalate, propylene terephthalate, ethylene-2,6-naphthalate, butylene terephthalate, propylene-2,6-naphthalate, ethylene- ⁇ , ⁇ .
- Those having at least one component selected from -bis (2-chlorophenoxy) ethane-4,4'-dicarboxylate and the like can be preferably used.
- the polyester film using the above polyester is preferably biaxially oriented.
- a biaxially oriented polyester film is generally an unstretched polyester sheet or film that is stretched about 2.5 to 5 times in the longitudinal direction and in the width direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, and then subjected to heat treatment to produce crystalline The alignment is completed, and it indicates a biaxial alignment pattern by wide-angle X-ray diffraction.
- thermal stability, particularly dimensional stability and mechanical strength are sufficient, and flatness is also good.
- various additives such as antioxidants, heat stabilizers, weathering stabilizers, ultraviolet absorbers, organic lubricants, pigments, dyes, organic or inorganic fine particles, fillers, antistatic agents.
- An agent, a nucleating agent, etc. may be added to such an extent that the properties are not deteriorated.
- the thickness of the polyester film is not particularly limited and is appropriately selected depending on the application and type, but is preferably preferably 10 to 500 ⁇ m, more preferably 38 to 250 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of mechanical strength, handling properties, and the like. Most preferably, it is 75 to 150 ⁇ m.
- the polyester film may be a composite film obtained by coextrusion or a film obtained by bonding the obtained film by various methods. [Resin composition for resin layer and method for preparing the same]
- the resin composition of the resin layer in the present invention contains at least the metal oxide particles (A), the acrylic resin (B), an oxazoline compound (C 1 ′) and / or a melamine compound (C 2 ′). And the number average particle diameter of this metal oxide particle is a composition formed from 3 nm or more and 50 nm or less.
- acrylic resins other than (B) other compounds such as carbodiimide compounds, epoxy compounds, aziridine compounds, amide epoxy compounds, titanium chelates and other titanate coupling agents, methylolated or alkylolated ureas A compound, an acrylamide compound, and the like may be included.
- additives such as organic lubricants, organic or inorganic fine particles, antistatic agents, etc. may be added to such an extent that the characteristics are not deteriorated.
- a resin composition using an aqueous solvent is prepared by adding at least water-dispersed or water-soluble acrylic resin (B) and metal oxide particles (A) in the order of (A) and (B), and then dispersing the resin once. After the acrylic resin (B) is adsorbed on the surface of the oxide particles (A), the oxazoline compound (C 1 ′) and / or the melamine compound (C 2 ′) is added, and the aqueous solvent is added to the desired mass. It can produce by mixing and stirring by ratio.
- the polyester resin (D) having a fluorene structure and various additives are added to the resin composition in a desired mass ratio.
- various additives e.g., lubricant, inorganic particles, organic particles, surfactant, antioxidant
- a paint shaker, SC mill, annular mill, pin mill, etc. are usually used at a peripheral speed of 5 to 15 m / s. Rotate. The rotation time is 5 to 10 hours. At the time of dispersion, it is preferable to use dispersed beads such as glass beads in terms of enhancing dispersibility.
- the bead diameter is preferably 0.05 to 0.5 mm, more preferably 0.08 to 0.5 mm, and particularly preferably 0.08 to 0.2 mm.
- Mixing and stirring can be performed by shaking the container by hand, using a magnetic stirrer or stirring blade, irradiating with ultrasonic waves, vibrating and dispersing.
- Water-dispersed or water-solubilized acrylic resin (B) is a copolymer of acrylic resin and monomers having hydrophilic groups (acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylamide, vinyl sulfonic acid and salts thereof), reactive emulsifiers, It can be prepared by a method such as emulsion polymerization, suspension polymerization, soap-free polymerization using a surfactant.
- the polymerization initiator is not particularly limited, but is a general radical polymerization initiator, for example, a water-soluble peroxide such as potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, hydrogen peroxide, or benzoyl peroxide or t-butyl hydroper Oil-soluble peroxides such as oxides or azo compounds such as azodiisobutyronitrile can be used.
- a resin composition containing at least metal oxide particles (A), an acrylic resin (B), an oxazoline compound (C 1 ′) and / or a melamine compound (C 2 ′) is applied onto a polyester film.
- the resin composition contains a solvent
- the resin layer can be formed on the polyester film by drying the solvent.
- an aqueous solvent is preferably used as the solvent. This is because the use of the aqueous solvent can suppress the rapid evaporation of the solvent in the drying step and can form a uniform composition layer, and is excellent in terms of environmental load.
- the aqueous solvent is soluble in water or water and alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol and butanol, ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone, and glycols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and propylene glycol. Is an organic solvent mixed in an arbitrary ratio.
- the coating method of the resin composition on the polyester film is an in-line coating method.
- the in-line coating method is a method of applying in the process of manufacturing a polyester film. Specifically, it refers to a method of coating at any stage from melt extrusion of a polyester resin to biaxial stretching followed by heat treatment and winding up, and is generally substantially non-obtainable after melt extrusion and rapid cooling. Crystalline unstretched (unoriented) polyester film (A film), then uniaxially stretched (uniaxially oriented) polyester film (B film) stretched in the longitudinal direction, or biaxially before heat treatment stretched further in the width direction It is applied to any one of stretched (biaxially oriented) polyester film (C film).
- the resin composition is applied to the polyester film of any one of the A film and the B film before the crystal orientation is completed, and then the polyester film is stretched in a uniaxial direction or a biaxial direction. It is preferable to employ a method in which a heat treatment is performed at a temperature higher than the boiling point to complete the crystal orientation of the polyester film and a resin layer is provided. According to this method, the polyester film can be formed and the resin composition can be applied and dried (that is, the resin layer is formed) at the same time. Moreover, it is easy to make the thickness of the resin layer thinner in order to perform stretching after coating.
- a method of applying a resin composition to a film (B film) uniaxially stretched in the longitudinal direction, then stretching in the width direction, and performing a heat treatment is excellent.
- the stretching process is less than once compared to the method of biaxial stretching, so it is difficult to cause defects or cracks in the composition layer due to stretching, and a composition layer excellent in transparency and smoothness This is because it can be formed.
- the resin layer is provided by an in-line coating method because of the various advantages described above.
- a method for applying the resin composition to the polyester film any known method such as a bar coating method, a reverse coating method, a gravure coating method, a die coating method, or a blade coating method can be used.
- the best method for forming a resin layer in the present invention is a method in which a resin composition using an aqueous solvent is applied on a polyester film using an in-line coating method, dried and heat-treated. More preferably, the resin composition is in-line coated on the uniaxially stretched B film.
- drying can be carried out in a temperature range of 80 to 130 ° C. in order to complete the removal of the solvent of the resin composition.
- the heat treatment can be performed in a temperature range of 160 to 240 ° C. in order to complete the crystal orientation of the polyester film and complete the thermosetting of the resin composition to complete the formation of the resin layer.
- the solid content concentration of the resin composition is preferably 10% by mass or less.
- the solid content concentration is 10% by mass or less, a good coating property can be imparted to the resin composition, and a laminated film provided with a transparent and uniform composition layer can be produced.
- solid content concentration represents the ratio which the mass remove
- excluding the mass of the solvent from the mass of the resin composition occupies with respect to the mass of the resin composition (that is, [solid content concentration] [(of the resin composition Mass) ⁇ (mass of solvent)] / [mass of resin composition]).
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PET film a polyethylene terephthalate film
- a film an unstretched (unoriented) PET film
- B film a uniaxially oriented PET film
- a surface treatment such as a corona discharge treatment may be performed on the coated surface of the PET film before coating.
- surface treatment such as corona discharge treatment
- the wettability of the resin composition to the PET film is improved, the resin composition is prevented from being repelled, and a resin layer having a uniform coating thickness can be formed.
- the edge of the PET film is held with a clip and guided to a heat treatment zone (preheating zone) of 80 to 130 ° C., and the solvent of the resin composition is dried. After drying, the film is stretched 1.1 to 5.0 times in the width direction. Subsequently, it is guided to a heat treatment zone (heat setting zone) at 160 to 240 ° C., and heat treatment is performed for 1 to 30 seconds to complete crystal orientation.
- heat treatment zone heat setting zone
- heat treatment step heat setting step
- a relaxation treatment of 3 to 15% may be performed in the width direction or the longitudinal direction as necessary.
- the laminated film thus obtained is a transparent laminated film having excellent antireflection properties.
- the thickness of the resin layer in the present invention is preferably 10 nm or more and 50 nm or less. More preferably, they are 10 nm or more and 45 nm or less, More preferably, they are 10 nm or more and 40 nm or less.
- the thickness of the resin layer is preferably 10 nm or more and 50 nm or less. More preferably, they are 10 nm or more and 45 nm or less, More preferably, they are 10 nm or more and 40 nm or less.
- the characteristic measurement method and effect evaluation method in the present invention are as follows. (1) Evaluation of total light transmittance and initial haze The measurement of total light transmittance and initial haze was carried out in the normal state (23 ° C., relative humidity 50%) after leaving the laminated film sample for 40 hours, and then Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd. ) Using a turbidimeter “NDH5000”, the total light transmittance is measured according to JIS K 7361-1 “Test method for total light transmittance of plastic transparent material” (1997 version), and the initial haze is measured according to JIS K 7136.
- the sample was cut into about 4 cm square sample pieces, and the spectral reflectance at an incident angle of 5 ° was measured with a spectrophotometer (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, UV2450). did.
- the direction in which the sample was set in the measuring instrument was adjusted to match the longitudinal direction of the sample in the front-rear direction toward the front of the measuring instrument.
- an attached Al 2 O 3 plate was used as a standard reflecting plate.
- the reflectance on the resin layer side at a wavelength of 550 nm was determined.
- dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., DPHA
- photoinitiator manufactured by Ciba Geigy, Irgacure 184
- a total amount of monomers dipentaerythritol- 5% by mass with respect to the total amount of the hexahexaacrylate and the anionic monomer
- the integrated irradiation intensity was set with a concentrating high-pressure mercury lamp (I03, H03-L31) having an irradiation intensity of 120 W / cm set at a height of 9 cm from the surface on which the UV curable resin layer was laminated.
- the hard coat laminated polyester film in which the hard coat layer was laminated on the laminated polyester film was obtained by irradiating and curing ultraviolet rays so as to be 300 mJ / cm 2 .
- an industrial UV checker manufactured by Nihon Battery Co., Ltd., UVR-N1
- UVR-N1 an industrial UV checker
- C is a practically problematic level
- B is a practical level
- a and S are good.
- the number average particle diameter of the metal oxide particles (B) was determined by observing the cross-sectional structure of the laminated film with a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The magnification was set to 500,000, and the outer diameter of 10 particles existing in the screen was measured for a total of 100 particles for 10 fields of view, and the average particle size was determined. When 10 particles do not exist in the screen, observe another part under the same conditions, measure the outer diameter of the particles present in the screen, and measure the outer diameter of 100 particles in total. Averaged.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- the outer diameter means the maximum diameter of the particle (that is, the longest diameter of the particle and indicates the longest diameter in the particle). Similarly, in the case of a particle having a cavity inside, the maximum diameter of the particle is also defined.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- the thickness of the resin layer was read from an image taken with a TEM at a magnification of 200,000 times. A total of 20 resin layer thicknesses were measured and taken as an average value.
- Visibility (interference spots) By the same method as (3), a hard coat laminated polyester film in which a hard coat layer (refractive index of 1.65) having a thickness of 2 ⁇ m was laminated on the laminated polyester film was obtained.
- composition analysis of the resin layer is performed on the surface of the laminated film by using an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (ESCA), Fourier infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR) ATR method, time-of-flight secondary An ion mass spectrometer (TOF-SIMS) was used.
- the resin layer was dissolved and extracted with a solvent, and fractionated by chromatography, followed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR), carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 13 C-NMR), Fourier infrared spectrophotometry.
- the structure was analyzed by a meter (FT-IR), and the composition analysis of the resin layer was performed by pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
- metal oxide particles (A), particles (AB), acrylic resin (B), oxazoline-based compound (C 1 ′), component derived from oxazoline-based compound (C 1 ), melamine-based in the resin layer The presence or absence of the compound (C 2 ′) and the component (C 2 ) derived from the melamine compound was confirmed.
- the resin composition 1 was prepared as follows.
- Acrylic resin (B) A normal acrylic resin reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer, and a reflux condenser was charged with 100 parts of isopropyl alcohol as a solvent, heated and stirred, and maintained at 100 ° C.
- R 4 group represents a group containing two or more saturated hydrocarbon rings.
- R 5 group represents a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a tertiary amino group, a quaternary ammonium base, a sulfonic acid group, or Represents a phosphate group.
- -Aqueous solvent pure water.
- the obtained particles (AB) were centrifuged with a Hitachi tabletop ultracentrifuge (manufactured by Hitachi Koki Co., Ltd .: CS150NX) (rotation speed: 3,000 rpm, separation time: 30 minutes), and metal oxide particles ( After A) (and the acrylic resin (B) adsorbed on the surface of the metal oxide particles (A)) was allowed to settle, the supernatant was removed, and the sediment was concentrated to dryness.
- XPS X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
- PET pellets (intrinsic viscosity 0.63 dl / g) substantially free of particles are sufficiently vacuum-dried, then supplied to an extruder and melted at 285 ° C, and formed into a sheet from a T-shaped die. It was extruded and wound around a mirror-casting drum having a surface temperature of 25 ° C. by using an electrostatic application casting method to be cooled and solidified. This unstretched film was heated to 90 ° C. and stretched 3.4 times in the longitudinal direction to obtain a uniaxially stretched film (B film).
- B film uniaxially stretched film
- the resin composition 1 was applied to the corona discharge-treated surface of the uniaxially stretched film with a coating thickness of about 6 ⁇ m using a bar coat.
- the both ends in the width direction of the uniaxially stretched film coated with the resin composition are gripped with clips and guided to a preheating zone, and the ambient temperature is set to 75 ° C. Subsequently, the ambient temperature is set to 110 ° C using a radiation heater, and then the ambient temperature.
- the resin composition was dried at 90 ° C. to form a resin layer.
- the thickness of the PET film was 100 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the resin layer was about 0.02 ⁇ m.
- Tables 1 and 3 show the characteristics of the obtained laminated film.
- the initial haze was low, the reflectance was high, the transparency, the visibility and the initial adhesiveness were good, and the wet heat adhesiveness was excellent.
- the oxazoline-based compound (C 1 ′) is converted into an oxazoline-based compound (2) (Example 2), an oxazoline-based compound c (Example 3), “Epocross” (registered trademark) WS-500 (stock)
- a laminated film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the product was changed to (made by Nippon Shokubai) (Example 4).
- Oxazoline compounds (2) Methyl methacrylate: 50 parts by mass Ethyl acrylate: 25 parts by mass Styrene: 5 parts by mass 2-Isopropenyl-5-ethyl-2-oxazoline: 20 parts by mass
- the oxazoline group-containing resin composition copolymerized in the above composition was mixed with propylene glycol monomethyl. Paint diluted with a mixed solvent of ether and water (20/80 (mass ratio)).
- Oxazoline compounds (3) Methyl methacrylate: 50 parts by mass Ethyl acrylate: 25 parts by mass Styrene: 5 parts by mass 2-Isopropenyl-2-oxazoline: 20 parts by mass
- An oxazoline group-containing resin composition copolymerized with the above composition was mixed with propylene glycol monomethyl ether and water.
- Table 1 shows the characteristics of the obtained laminated film. Compared with Example 1, by changing the kind of the oxazoline-based compound, the minimum reflectance is slightly lower and the initial haze is slightly higher, but it is good, equivalent transparency, initial adhesiveness, wet heat adhesion And visibility.
- Example 5 A laminated film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the oxazoline compound (C 1 ′) was changed to “Nicarac” (registered trademark) MW12LF (manufactured by Sanwa Chemical Co., Ltd.) which is a melamine compound. It was. Table 1 shows the characteristics of the obtained laminated film.
- Example 6 A laminated film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the oxazoline compound (C 1 ′) was changed to the melamine compound (1), which is a melamine compound.
- Melamine compound (1) “Beccamin” (registered trademark) APM (Dainippon Ink Chemical Co., Ltd.) diluted with water.
- Tables 1 and 3 show characteristics of the obtained laminated film.
- the minimum reflectance is slightly lower and the initial haze is slightly higher, but it is good, equivalent transparency, initial adhesiveness, wet heat adhesion And visibility.
- a melamine-based compound “Nicarac” registered trademark
- MW12LF manufactured by Sanwa Chemical Co., Ltd.
- Tables 1 and 3 show characteristics of the obtained laminated film. Compared with Example 1, by using the melamine compound in combination, the reflectance was the same, the initial haze was low and good, and the transparency, initial adhesiveness, wet heat adhesiveness, and visibility were excellent. . ⁇ Example 13> Except that the metal oxide particles (A) were changed to “NanoTek” TiO 2 slurry (CHI Kasei Co., Ltd., number average particle diameter 20 nm) which is titanium oxide particles described in Table 1, the same as in Example 9 A laminated film was obtained by this method.
- “NanoTek” TiO 2 slurry CHI Kasei Co., Ltd., number average particle diameter 20 nm
- Metal oxide particles (A) are zinc oxide particles FINEX-50 (manufactured by Sakai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., number average particle diameter 20 nm) (Example 14), indium-doped tin oxide.
- Example 16 NanoTek “ITO slurry (CI Kasei Co., Ltd., number average particle diameter 20 nm) (example 15), yttrium oxide” NanoTek “Y 2 O 3 slurry (CI Kasei Co., Ltd., number average particle diameter 20 nm) A laminated film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 9, except that it was changed to (Example 16).
- Example 17 A laminated film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the number average particle diameter of the metal oxide particles (A) was changed to 3 nm.
- Example 18 Compared to Example 1, the initial haze is slightly higher and the reflectivity is slightly lower, but it is good and the initial adhesiveness with the laminate is slightly inferior, but equivalent transparency, wet heat adhesiveness, and visibility. Indicated. ⁇ Examples 18 to 20> A laminated film was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the number average particle size of the metal oxide particles (A) was changed to 15 nm (Example 18), 30 nm (Example 19), and 50 nm (Example 20). Obtained.
- Example 21 A laminated film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the addition amount of the metal oxide particles (A) was changed to 20 parts by mass (Example 21) and 30 parts by mass (Example 22).
- Example 23 A laminated film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the addition amount of the metal oxide particles (A) was changed to 50 parts by mass (Example 23) and 70 parts by mass (Example 24).
- a laminated film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that it was changed to methacrylate (Example 27).
- Tables 2 and 4 show characteristics of the obtained laminated film. Compared to Example 1, the initial haze and reflectivity were equivalent and good, and the same transparency, initial adhesiveness, wet heat adhesiveness, and visibility were shown.
- Example 28> A laminated film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the (meth) acrylate monomer (b 2 ') was changed to isobornyl methacrylate having two saturated hydrocarbon rings.
- Tables 2 and 4 show characteristics of the obtained laminated film. Compared to Example 1, the initial haze and reflectivity were equivalent and good, and the same transparency, initial adhesiveness, wet heat adhesiveness, and visibility were shown. ⁇ Examples 29 to 32> A laminated film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the addition amount of the acrylic resin (B) was changed to the addition amount shown in Table 1.
- Tables 2 and 4 show characteristics of the obtained laminated film. Compared to Example 1, the amount of the acrylic resin (B) is decreased, so that the metal oxide particles (A) are slightly aggregated, the initial haze is slightly increased, and the reflectance is slightly decreased. It was good and showed equivalent transparency, initial adhesion, wet heat adhesion, and visibility. ⁇ Examples 33 to 34> ⁇ Resin compositions 2-5 First, resin compositions 2 to 5 were prepared as follows.
- the mass ratios of the particles (AB), the acrylic resin (B), the oxazoline compound (C 1 ′), and the polyester resin (D) having a fluorene structure in the resin compositions 2 to 5 are as follows.
- 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic dianhydride which is a trivalent or higher polyvalent carboxylic acid component (Da 4 )
- the reaction temperature is 160 to 180 ° C.
- a time reaction was performed to obtain a fluorene copolymerized polyester resin (D 1 ).
- the Tg of the polyester resin was 99 ° C.
- the copolymerization amount of the glycol component (Db 1 ) having a fluorene structure of the fluorene copolymerized polyester resin (D 1 ) is 100 mol% of the total amount of the dicarboxylic acid component (Da) and the glycol component (Db). And 40 mol%.
- the fluorene copolymerized polyester resin (D 1 ) is a polyester resin that does not have a dicarboxylic acid component (Da 3 ) having a sulfonate group.
- aqueous dispersion (D 1 aq) of a fluorene copolymerized polyester resin The composition of the aqueous dispersion (D 1 aq) of the fluorene copolymerized polyester resin is shown below.
- Example 35 Compared to Example 1, the initial haze and reflectivity were equivalent and good, and the same transparency, initial adhesiveness, wet heat adhesiveness, and visibility were shown.
- Example 35 The same method as in Example 1 except that the resin composition 4 (Example 35) and the resin composition 5 (Example 36) containing the polyester resin (D) having a fluorene structure were used as the resin composition. A laminated film was obtained.
- Example 37 Compared to Example 1, the initial haze was the same, the reflectance was slightly higher and better, the same transparency and initial adhesiveness were exhibited, and the wet heat adhesiveness and visibility were excellent.
- Example 37 (Meth) acrylate monomer (b 3 ′), methacrylic acid having a carboxyl group (Example 37), N, N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate having a tertiary amino group (Example 38), butyl having a sulfonic acid group
- a laminated film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that acrylamide sulfonic acid (Example 39) was used.
- Tables 2 and 4 show characteristics of the obtained laminated film. Compared to Example 1, the initial haze and reflectivity were equivalent and good, and the same transparency, initial adhesiveness, wet heat adhesiveness, and visibility were shown.
- a laminated film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 9, except that the slurry was changed to “NanoTek” TiO 2 slurry (Cai Kasei Co., Ltd., number average particle size 20 nm).
- Example 41 A laminated film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 17 except that the film thickness was changed to 10 nm. Compared to Example 17, the initial haze was low, the reflectivity was greatly improved, the transparency, the initial adhesiveness and the visibility were excellent, and the equivalent wet heat resistance was exhibited.
- Example 1 except that the metal oxide particles (A) in Example 1 were changed to “Snowtex” (registered trademark) CM (manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd., number average particle diameter 20 nm), which is silica particles. A laminated film was obtained in the same manner.
- Snowtex registered trademark
- CM manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd., number average particle diameter 20 nm
- Example 2 Compared with Example 1, although silica particles were used, the initial haze was the same, but the reflectivity was greatly reduced, and the transparency, initial adhesiveness, and wet heat adhesiveness were good. It was lacking in nature.
- the metal oxide particles (A) in Example 1 are MgF 2 particles, “NanoTek” MgF 2 slurry (manufactured by C-I Kasei Co., Ltd., number average particle size 20 nm) (Comparative Example 2), hollow silica particles.
- a laminated film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that it was changed to “Thruria” (registered trademark) TR112 (manufactured by JGC Catalysts & Chemicals, Inc., number average particle diameter 20 nm) (Comparative Example 3).
- Example 2 MgF 2 particles (Comparative Example 2) and hollow silica particles (Comparative Example 3) were used, but although the initial haze was the same, the reflectivity was significantly reduced and the transparency was reduced. Although the property, initial adhesiveness and wet heat adhesiveness were good, the visibility was lacking.
- ⁇ Comparative Examples 4 to 6> Except for changing the particle size of the metal oxide particles (A) in Example 1 to 2 nm (Comparative Example 4), 70 nm (Comparative Example 5), and 150 nm (Comparative Example 6), respectively, the same as in Example 1 By the method, a laminated film was obtained.
- Example 7 Compared with Example 1, by using zirconium oxide particles having a number average particle diameter of 2 nm, 70 nm, and 150 nm, haze increases, reflectance decreases, transparency, initial adhesiveness, wet heat adhesiveness, visual recognition It was lacking in nature.
- a laminated film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 9 A laminated film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the (meth) acrylate monomer (b 2 ′) was changed to cyclopentanyl methacrylate having one cyclic structure.
- Tables 2 and 4 show characteristics of the obtained laminated film.
- the metal oxide particles (A) are likely to aggregate, and transparency, initial adhesion, wet heat adhesion, visibility It was lacking.
- ⁇ Comparative Example 10> A laminated film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the oxazoline compound (C 1 ′) was not used.
- Table 2 shows the properties of the obtained laminated film. Compared to Example 1, by not using the oxazoline compound, the metal oxide particles (A) were likely to aggregate and lack transparency, initial adhesiveness, wet heat adhesiveness, and visibility. ⁇ Comparative Example 11> A laminated film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the melamine compound (C 2 ′) was not used.
- Table 2 and Table 4 show the characteristics of the obtained laminated film. Compared to Example 1, by not using the oxazoline compound, the metal oxide particles (A) were likely to aggregate and lack transparency, initial adhesiveness, wet heat adhesiveness, and visibility.
- the present invention is a laminated film excellent in transparency, suppression of interference spots when a high refractive index hard coat layer is laminated, adhesion with a high refractive index hard coat layer, and adhesiveness under high temperature and high humidity (wet heat adhesion). It can be used for an easily adhesive film for optics for display applications.
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Abstract
Description
ポリエステルフィルムの少なくとも片側に樹脂層が設けられた積層フィルムであって、該樹脂層は、数平均粒子径が3nm以上50nm以下の金属酸化物粒子(A)と、アクリル樹脂(B)と、オキサゾリン系化合物(C1’)および/またはメラミン系化合物(C2’)を少なくとも含有し、該アクリル樹脂(B)が、式(1)で表されるモノマー単位(b1)と、式(2)で表されるモノマー単位(b2)と、式(3)で表されるモノマー単位(b3)を有する樹脂である積層フィルム、
または、
ポリエステルフィルムの少なくとも片側に樹脂層が設けられた積層フィルムであって、該樹脂層は、数平均粒子径が3nm以上50nm以下の金属酸化物粒子(A)と、アクリル樹脂(B)と、オキサゾリン系化合物に由来する成分(C1)および/またはメラミン系化合物に由来する成分(C2)を少なくとも含有し、該アクリル樹脂(B)が、式(1)で表されるモノマー単位(b1)と、式(2)で表されるモノマー単位(b2)と、式(3)で表されるモノマー単位(b3)を有する樹脂である積層フィルム、である。
また、本発明の積層フィルムの製造方法は次の構成を有する。すなわち、
ポリエステルフィルムの少なくとも片側に樹脂層を設ける積層フィルムの製造方法であって、ポリエステルフィルムの少なくとも片側に、次の樹脂組成物を用いて樹脂を形成せしめ、次いで、前記積層フィルムを少なくとも一軸方向に延伸し、次いで、前記積層フィルムに熱処理を施すことを特徴とする積層フィルムの製造方法、である。
[アクリル樹脂(B)]
本発明の樹脂層に含有されるアクリル樹脂(B)は、式(1)で表されるモノマー単位(b1)と、式(2)で表されるモノマー単位(b2)と、式(3)で表されるモノマー単位(b3)を有する樹脂であることが重要である。
ここで、本発明におけるアクリル樹脂(B)は、式(1)で表されるモノマー単位(b1)を有する樹脂であることが重要である。
(メタ)アクリレートモノマー(b1’)は、式(4)におけるnが9以上34以下である(メタ)アクリレートモノマーであれば特に制限されないが、具体的にはデシル(メタ)アクリレート、ドデシル(メタ)アクリレート、トリデシル(メタ)アクリレート、テトラデシル(メタ)アクリレート、1-メチルトリデシル(メタ)アクリレート、ヘキサデシル(メタ)アクリレート、オクタデシル(メタ)アクリレート、エイコシル(メタ)アクリレート、ドコシル(メタ)アクリレート、テトラコシル(メタ)アクリレート、トリアコンチル(メタ)アクリレート等が挙げられ、特にドデシル(メタ)アクリレート、トリデシル(メタ)アクリレートが好ましい。これらは1種で使用してもよく、2種以上の混合物を使用してもよい。
上記ビシクロ基を含有する(メタ)アクリレートとしては、イソボニル(メタ)アクリレート、ボルニル(メタ)アクリレート、ジシロクロペンタニル(メタ)アクリレート、ジシクロペンテニル(メタ)アクリレート、アダマンチル(メタ)アクリレート、ジメチルアダマンチル(メタ)アクリレートなどが挙げられ、特にイソボニル(メタ)アクリレートが好ましい。
水酸基を有する(メタ)アクリレートモノマーとしては、2-ヒドロキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、2-ヒドロキシプロピル(メタ)アクリレート、2、3-ジヒドロキシブチル(メタ)アクリレート、4-ヒドロキシブチル(メタ)アクリレート、ポリエチレングリコールモノ(メタ)アクリレートなどの多価アルコールと(メタ)アクリル酸とのモノエステル化物、あるいは、該モノエステル化物にε-カプロラプトンを開環重合した化合物などが挙げられ、特に2-ヒドロキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、2-ヒドロキシプロピル(メタ)アクリレートが好ましい。
[金属酸化物粒子(A)]
かかる金属酸化物粒子(A)を用いることで、樹脂層の屈折率を高くすることができる。その結果、ハードコート層積層時の干渉斑の抑制、さらには該金属酸化物粒子(A)の数平均粒子径が可視光の波長より十分小さいため、積層フィルムの透明性を高めることが可能となる。
[フルオレン構造を有するポリエステル樹脂(D)]
本発明において樹脂層は、金属酸化物粒子(A)と、アクリル樹脂(B)と、オキサゾリン系化合物に由来する成分(C1)および/またはメラミン系化合物に由来する成分(C2)を含有し、さらに、フルオレン構造を有するポリエステル樹脂(D)を含有することが好ましく、より好ましくは、フルオレン構造を有するポリエステル樹脂(D)が、スルホン酸塩基を有するジカルボン酸成分(Da3)を有しないか、ポリエステル樹脂(D)を構成するジカルボン酸成分(Da)の量に対して、0.1モル%未満有することが好ましい。
II)1以上のアルコール性の基(ヒドロキシル基)と、1以上のカルボキシル基を有する成分(Dc)を構成成分とし、重縮合反応せしめる方法。
[オキサゾリン系化合物に由来する成分(C1)および/またはメラミン系化合物に由来する成分(C2)]
本発明における積層フィルムの樹脂層は、少なくとも前記金属酸化物粒子(A)、アクリル樹脂(B)を含有し、さらにオキサゾリン系化合物に由来する成分(C1)および/またはメラミン系化合物に由来する成分(C2)を含有することが重要である。
[ポリエステルフィルム]
本発明の積層フィルムにおいて、基材フィルムとして用いられるポリエステルフィルムについて述べる。まずポリエステルとは、エステル結合を主鎖に有する高分子の総称であって、エチレンテレフタレート、プロピレンテレフタレート、エチレン-2,6-ナフタレート、ブチレンテレフタレート、プロピレン-2,6-ナフタレート、エチレン-α,β-ビス(2-クロロフェノキシ)エタン-4,4’-ジカルボキシレートなどから選ばれた少なくとも1種の構成成分とするものを好ましく用いることができる。
[樹脂層の樹脂組成物およびその調製方法]
本発明における樹脂層の樹脂組成物は、少なくとも前記金属酸化物粒子(A)と前記アクリル樹脂(B)と、オキサゾリン系化合物(C1’)および/またはメラミン系化合物(C2’)を含有し、該金属酸化物粒子の数平均粒子径が3nm以上50nm以下である樹脂を有してなる組成物である。
[樹脂層の形成方法および積層フィルムの製造方法]
本発明では、少なくとも金属酸化物粒子(A)とアクリル樹脂(B)と、オキサゾリン系化合物(C1’)および/またはメラミン系化合物(C2’)を含有する樹脂組成物をポリエステルフィルム上へ塗布し、樹脂組成物が溶媒を含む場合には、溶媒を乾燥させることによって、ポリエステルフィルム上に樹脂層を形成することができる。
[特性の測定方法および効果の評価方法]
本発明における特性の測定方法および効果の評価方法は次のとおりである。
(1)全光線透過率・初期ヘイズ評価
全光線透過率および初期ヘイズの測定は、常態(23℃、相対湿度50%)において、積層フィルムサンプルを40時間放置した後、日本電色工業(株)製濁度計「NDH5000」を用いて、全光線透過率の測定はJIS K 7361-1「プラスチック透明材料の全光線透過率の試験方法」(1997年版)、初期ヘイズの測定はJIS K 7136「透明材料のヘイズの求め方」(2000年版)に準ずる方式で行った。なお、サンプルの樹脂層が積層された面側から光を照射して測定した。サンプルは一辺50mmの正方形のものを10サンプル準備し、それぞれ1回ずつ、合計10回測定した平均値をサンプルのヘイズ値とした。
(2)反射率
A4カットサイズに裁断したフィルムシートを縦横それぞれ3分割し、合計9点を測定サンプルとして用いた。長辺側を長手方向とした。分光反射率の測定は、測定面(該樹脂層)の裏面に50mm幅の黒色光沢テープ(ヤマト(株)製、ビニ-ルテープNo.200-50-21:黒)を、気泡を噛みこまないようにサンプルとテープの長手方向を合わせて貼り合わせた後、約4cm角のサンプル片に切り出し、分光光度計((株)島津製作所製、UV2450)に入射角5°での分光反射率を測定した。サンプルを測定器にセットする方向は、測定器の正面に向かって前後の方向にサンプルの長手方向を合わせた。なお反射率を基準化するため、標準反射板として付属のAl2O3板を用いた。反射率は、波長550nmにおける樹脂層側の反射率を求めた。なお、測定値には、10点の平均値を用いた。
(3)積層体との接着性
積層フィルムの樹脂層側に、下記の割合で混合したUV硬化型樹脂を、バーコーターを用いて硬化後の膜厚が2μmとなるように均一に塗布した。
・ハードコート剤の調整
・二酸化チタン微粒子(石原産業(株)製、TTO-55B):30質量部
・カルボン酸基含有モノマー(東亜合成(株)製、アロニックスM-5300):4.5質量部
・シクロヘキサノン:65.5質量部
上記混合物を、サンドグラインダーミルにより分散し、平均粒子径が55nmの二酸化チタン微粒子の分散液を調整した。
A:80~89個残存
B:50~79個残存
C:0~50個未満残存。
(4)湿熱接着性
積層ポリエステルフィルムの樹脂層側に、(3)と同様の方法で、ハードコート層を積層し、ハードコート積層ポリエステルフィルムを得た。さらに、得られたハードコート積層ポリエステルフィルムを、温度70℃、相対湿度90%の恒温恒湿槽中に240時間放置し、湿熱接着試験用サンプルを得た。得られた湿熱接着試験用サンプルについて、(3)と同様の方法で、接着性試験を行い、残存した格子の個数により4段階評価を行った。
A:80~89個残存
B:50~79個残存
C:0~50個未満残存。
(5)数平均粒子径
金属酸化物粒子(B)の数平均粒子径は、透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)により積層フィルムの断面構造を観察することにより求めた。倍率を50万倍とし、その画面内に存在する10個の粒子の外径を、10視野について合計100個の粒子を測定し、その平均粒子径を求めた。画面内に10個の粒子が存在しない場合は、同じ条件で別の箇所を観察し、その画面内に存在する粒子の外径を測定して、合計で100個の粒子の外径を測定して平均値とした。ここで外径とは、粒子の最大の径(つまり粒子の長径であり、粒子中の最も長い径を示す)を表し、内部に空洞を有する粒子の場合も同様に、粒子の最大の径を表す。
(6)樹脂層の膜厚
透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)を用いて断面を観察することにより、ポリエステルフィルム上の樹脂層の厚みを測定した。樹脂層の厚みは、TEMにより20万倍の倍率で撮影した画像から樹脂層の厚みを読み取った。合計で20点の樹脂層厚みを測定して平均値とした。
(7)視認性(干渉斑)
(3)と同様の方法にて、積層ポリエステルフィルム上に厚み2μmのハードコート層(屈折率1.65)が積層されたハードコート積層ポリエステルフィルムを得た。
A:干渉斑がわずかに見える
B:弱い干渉斑が見える。
(8)樹脂層の組成分析
樹脂層の組成分析は、積層フィルムの表面について、X線光電子分光分析装置(ESCA)、フーリエ赤外分光光度計(FT-IR)ATR法、飛行時間型二次イオン質量分析装置(TOF-SIMS)により行った。また、樹脂層を溶剤にて溶解抽出し、クロマトグラフィーで分取した後、プロトン核磁気共鳴分光法(1H-NMR)、カーボン核磁気共鳴分光法(13C-NMR)、フーリエ赤外分光光度計(FT-IR)により構造を解析し、熱分解ガスクロマトグラフィー質量分析(GC-MS)を行い樹脂層の組成分析を行った。
<実施例1>
はじめに、樹脂組成物1を次の通り調製した。
金属酸化物粒子である酸化ジルコニウム分散液SZR-CW(堺化学工業(株)製、酸化ジルコニウム粒子:数平均粒子径20nm)を用いた。
攪拌機、温度計、還流冷却管の備わった通常のアクリル樹脂反応槽に、溶剤としてイソプロピルアルコール100部を仕込み、加熱攪拌して100℃に保持した。
・水系溶媒:純水。
水系溶媒中に、上記金属酸化物粒子(A)と上記アクリル樹脂(B)を順に添加し、以下の方法で分散せしめ、粒子(AB)とアクリル樹脂(B)の混合体を得た。(前記(ii)の方法。)金属酸化物粒子(A)およびアクリル樹脂(B)の添加量比(質量比)は、(A)/(B)=45/10とした(なお質量比は、小数点第1位を四捨五入して求めた)。分散処理は、ホモミキサーを用いて行い、周速10m/sで5時間回転させることによって行った。また、最終的に得られた混合体における、粒子(AB)とアクリル樹脂(B)の質量比は、(AB)/(B)=45/10であった(なお、質量比は小数点第1位を四捨五入して求めた)。
水系溶媒に、上記の粒子(AB)とアクリル樹脂(B)、オキサゾリン系化合物(C1’)であるオキサゾリン系化合物(1)の混合体をこの順に添加し、混合し、樹脂組成物を得た。(樹脂組成物における、粒子(AB)とアクリル樹脂(B)、オキサゾリン系化合物(C1’)、の質量比は、(AB)/(B)/(C1’)=50/15/35である)。
メチルメタクリレート:50質量部
エチルアクリレート:25質量部
スチレン:5質量部
2-イソプロペニル-2-オキサゾリン:20質量部
上記組成で共重合したオキサゾリン基含有樹脂組成物を、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルと水との混合溶媒(20/80(質量比))に希釈した塗料。
次いで、実質的に粒子を含有しないPETペレット(極限粘度0.63dl/g)を充分に真空乾燥した後、押し出し機に供給し285℃で溶融し、T字型口金よりシート状に押し出し、静電印加キャスト法を用いて表面温度25℃の鏡面キャスティングドラムに巻き付けて冷却固化せしめた。この未延伸フィルムを90℃に加熱して長手方向に3.4倍延伸し、一軸延伸フィルム(Bフィルム)とした。
<実施例2~4>
オキサゾリン系化合物(C1’)を、オキサゾリン系化合物であるオキサゾリン系化合物(2)(実施例2)、オキサゾリン系化合物c(実施例3)、“エポクロス”(登録商標)WS-500((株)日本触媒製)(実施例4)に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で積層フィルムを得た。
・オキサゾリン系化合物(2):
メチルメタクリレート:50質量部
エチルアクリレート:25質量部
スチレン:5質量部
2-イソプロペニル-5-エチル-2-オキサゾリン:20質量部
上記組成で共重合したオキサゾリン基含有樹脂組成物を、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルと水との混合溶媒(20/80(質量比))に希釈した塗料。
・オキサゾリン系化合物(3):
メチルメタクリレート:50質量部
エチルアクリレート:25質量部
スチレン:5質量部
2-イソプロペニル-2-オキサゾリン:20質量部
上記組成で共重合したオキサゾリン基含有樹脂組成物を、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルと水との混合溶媒(20/80(質量比))に希釈した塗料。
<実施例5>
オキサゾリン系化合物(C1’)を、メラミン系化合物である“ニカラック”(登録商標)MW12LF((株)三和ケミカル製)に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で積層フィルムを得た。得られた積層フィルムの特性などを表1に示す。実施例1と比較して、メラミン系化合物に変更したことで、初期ヘイズが低く、反射率が高く良好であり、同等の透明性、初期接着性、湿熱接着性、視認性を示した。
<実施例6>
オキサゾリン系化合物(C1’)を、メラミン系化合物であるメラミン化合物(1)、に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で積層フィルムを得た。
・メラミン化合物(1):
“ベッカミン”(登録商標)APM(大日本インキ化学工業(株)製)を水で希釈した塗料。
<実施例7~12>
オキサゾリン系化合物(C1’)に加えて、メラミン系化合物である“ニカラック”(登録商標)MW12LF((株)三和ケミカル製)を併用し、量を変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で積層フィルムを得た。
<実施例13>
金属酸化物粒子(A)を、表1に記載の酸化チタン粒子である“NanoTek”TiO2スラリー(シーアイ化成(株)、数平均粒子径20nm)に変更した以外は、実施例9と同様の方法で積層フィルムを得た。
<実施例14~16>
金属酸化物粒子(A)を、表1に記載の酸化亜鉛粒子であるFINEX-50(堺化学工業(株)製、数平均粒子径20nm)(実施例14)、インジウムドープ酸化錫である“NanoTek”ITOスラリー(シーアイ化成(株)製、数平均粒子径20nm)(実施例15)、酸化イットリウムである“NanoTek”Y2O3スラリー(シーアイ化成(株)製、数平均粒子径20nm)(実施例16)に変更した以外は、実施例9と同様の方法で積層フィルムを得た。
<実施例17>
金属酸化物粒子(A)の数平均粒子径を3nmに変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で積層フィルムを得た。
<実施例18~20>
金属酸化物粒子(A)の数平均粒子径を15nm(実施例18)、30nm(実施例19)、50nm(実施例20)に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で積層フィルムを得た。
<実施例21~22>
金属酸化物粒子(A)の添加量を20質量部(実施例21)、30質量部(実施例22)に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で積層フィルムを得た。
<実施例23~24>
金属酸化物粒子(A)の添加量を50質量部(実施例23)、70質量部(実施例24)に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で積層フィルムを得た。
<実施例25~27>
(メタ)アクリレートモノマー(b1’)を、表1に記載のn=9のデシルメタクリレート(実施例25)、n=34のペンタトリアコンチルメタクリレート(実施例26)、n=19のナノデシルメタクリレート(実施例27)に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で積層フィルムを得た。
<実施例28>
(メタ)アクリレートモノマー(b2’)を、飽和の炭化水素環を2つ有するイソボニルメタクリレートに変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で積層フィルムを得た。
<実施例29~32>
アクリル樹脂(B)の添加量を、表1に記載の添加量に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で積層フィルムを得た。
<実施例33~34>
・樹脂組成物2~5
はじめに、樹脂組成物2~5を次の通り調整した。
樹脂組成物3:(AB)/(B)/(C1’)/(D)=50/15/35/10
樹脂組成物4:(AB)/(B)/(C1’)/(D)=50/15/35/20
樹脂組成物5:(AB)/(B)/(C1’)/(D)=50/15/35/30
・フルオレン共重合ポリエステル樹脂(D-1)の調整
窒素ガス雰囲気下で、フルオレン構造を有しないジカルボン酸成分(Da2)としてコハク酸ジメチル75モル部、フルオレン構造を有するグリコール成分(Db1)として9、9-ビス[4-(2-ヒドロキシエトキシ)フェニル]フルオレン80モル部、フルオレン構造を有しないグリコール成分(Db2)としてエチレングリコール20モル部をエステル交換反応器に仕込み、これにテトラブチルチタネート(触媒)をジカルボン酸エステル誘導体(コハク酸ジメチル)100万重量部に対して100重量部添加して、160~200℃で5時間エステル化反応を行った後、メタノールを留出させた。更に240℃、0.2MPaの減圧下で30分反応を行い、ポリエステルポリオールを得た。
・フルオレン共重合ポリエステル樹脂(D1)水分散体(D1aq)の調整
上記のフルオレン共重合ポリエステル樹脂(D1)100重量部に対して、水532重量部、25重量%のアンモニア水2重量部、ブチルセロソルブ33部を添加して、40℃で溶解させた。続いてこの反応容器を密閉して、該容器の内部温度を120℃にまで昇温して2時間反応を行い、フルオレン共重合ポリエステル樹脂の水分散体(D1aq)を得た。フルオレン共重合ポリエステル樹脂の水分散体(D1aq)の組成を以下に示す。
・フルオレン共重合ポリエステル樹脂(D1):100重量部
・水:533重量部
・アンモニア:1重量部
・ブチルセロソルブ:33重量部
樹脂組成物として、フルオレン構造を有するポリエステル樹脂(D)を含有した樹脂組成物2(実施例33)、樹脂組成物3(実施例34)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で積層フィルムを得た。
<実施例35~36>
樹脂組成物として、フルオレン構造を有するポリエステル樹脂(D)を含有した樹脂組成物4(実施例35)、樹脂組成物5(実施例36)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で積層フィルムを得た。
<実施例37~39>
(メタ)アクリレートモノマー(b3’)を、カルボキシル基を有するメタクリル酸(実施例37)、三級アミノ基を有するN、N-ジメチルアミノエチルメタクリレート(実施例38)、スルホン酸基を有するブチルアクリルアミドスルホン酸(実施例39)に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で積層フィルムを得た。
<実施例40>
金属酸化物粒子(A)を、表1に記載の、酸化ジルコニウム粒子である酸化ジルコニウム分散液SZR-CW(堺化学工業(株)製、酸化ジルコニウム粒子:数平均粒子径20nm)および酸化チタン粒子である“NanoTek”TiO2スラリー(シーアイ化成(株)製、数平均粒子径20nm)に変更した以外は、実施例9と同様の方法で積層フィルムを得た。
<実施例41>
膜厚を10nmに変更した以外は、実施例17と同様の方法で積層フィルムを得た。実施例17と比較して、初期ヘイズが低く、反射率が大幅に向上し、透明性、初期接着性、視認性に優れ、同等の耐湿熱接着性を示した。
<比較例1>
実施例1における金属酸化物粒子(A)を、シリカ粒子である“スノーテックス”(登録商標)CM(日産化学工業(株)製、数平均粒子径20nm)に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で積層フィルムを得た。
<比較例2~3>
実施例1における金属酸化物粒子(A)を、MgF2粒子である“NanoTek”MgF2スラリー(シーアイ化成(株)製、数平均粒子径20nm)(比較例2)、中空のシリカ粒子である“スルーリア”(登録商標)TR112(日揮触媒化成(株)製、数平均粒子径20nm)(比較例3)に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で積層フィルムを得た。
<比較例4~6>
実施例1における金属酸化物粒子(A)の粒子径をそれぞれ、2nm(比較例4)、70nm(比較例5)、150nm(比較例6)にそれぞれ変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で、積層フィルムを得た。
<比較例7~8>
実施例1における(メタ)アクリレートモノマー(b1’)の代わりに、n=8のノニルメタクリレート(比較例7)、n=35のヘキサトリアコンチルメタクリレート(比較例8)をそれぞれ用いた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で積層フィルムを得た。
<比較例9>
(メタ)アクリレートモノマー(b2’)を、環状構造を1つ有するシクロペンタニルメタクリレートに変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で積層フィルムを得た。
<比較例10>
オキサゾリン系化合物(C1’)を用いない以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で積層フィルムを得た。
<比較例11>
メラミン系化合物(C2’)を用いない以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で積層フィルムを得た。
Claims (14)
- ポリエステルフィルムの少なくとも片側に樹脂層が設けられた積層フィルムであって、該樹脂層は、数平均粒子径が3nm以上50nm以下の金属酸化物粒子(A)と、アクリル樹脂(B)と、オキサゾリン系化合物(C1’)および/またはメラミン系化合物(C2’)を少なくとも含有し、該アクリル樹脂(B)が、式(1)で表されるモノマー単位(b1)と、式(2)で表されるモノマー単位(b2)と、式(3)で表されるモノマー単位(b3)を有する樹脂である積層フィルム。
- ポリエステルフィルムの少なくとも片側に樹脂層が設けられた積層フィルムであって、該樹脂層は、数平均粒子径が3nm以上50nm以下の金属酸化物粒子(A)と、アクリル樹脂(B)と、オキサゾリン系化合物に由来する成分(C1)および/またはメラミン系化合物に由来する成分(C2)を少なくとも含有し、該アクリル樹脂(B)が、式(1)で表されるモノマー単位(b1)と、式(2)で表されるモノマー単位(b2)と、式(3)で表されるモノマー単位(b3)を有する樹脂である積層フィルム。
- 前記金属酸化物粒子(A)が、その表面に前記アクリル樹脂(B)を有する粒子である請求項1または2に記載の積層フィルム。
- 前記金属酸化物粒子(A)が、酸化チタン粒子(A1’)および/または酸化ジルコニウム粒子(A2’)である請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の積層フィルム。
- 前記樹脂層が、さらにフルオレン構造を有するポリエステル樹脂(D)を含有する請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の積層フィルム。
- 前記フルオレン構造を有するポリエステル樹脂(D)が、スルホン酸塩基を有するジカルボン酸成分(Da3)を有しないか、またはポリエステル樹脂(D)を構成するジカルボン酸成分(Da)の量に対して0.1モル%未満有する請求項5に記載の積層フィルム。
- 前記樹脂層の厚みが、10~50nmである請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の積層フィルム。
- ポリエステルフィルムの少なくとも片側に樹脂層を設ける積層フィルムの製造方法であって、ポリエステルフィルムの少なくとも片側に、次の樹脂組成物を用いて樹脂を形成せしめ、次いで、前記積層フィルムを少なくとも一軸方向に延伸し、次いで、前記積層フィルムに熱処理を施すことを特徴とする積層フィルムの製造方法。
ここで、前記樹脂組成物は、数平均粒子径が3nm以上50nm以下の金属酸化物粒子(A)と、アクリル樹脂(B)と、オキサゾリン系化合物(C1’)および/またはメラミン系化合物(C2’)を少なくとも含有する樹脂組成物であって、該アクリル樹脂(B)が、式(1)で表されるモノマー単位(b1)と、式(2)で表されるモノマー単位(b2)と、式(3)で表されるモノマー単位(b3)を有する樹脂である。
- 前記アクリル樹脂(B)が、式(4)で表される(メタ)アクリレートモノマー(b1’)と、式(5)で表される(メタ)アクリレートモノマー(b2’)と、式(12)で表される(メタ)アクリレートモノマー(b3’)を用いて重合されてなる樹脂である、請求項8に記載の積層フィルムの製造方法。
- 前記金属酸化物粒子(A)が前記アクリル樹脂(B)によって表面処理されてなる、請求項8または9に記載の積層フィルムの製造方法。
- 前記金属酸化物粒子(A)が、酸化チタン粒子(A1’)および/または酸化ジルコニウム粒子(A2’)である請求項8~10のいずれに記載の積層フィルムの製造方法。
- 前記樹脂組成物が、フルオレン構造を有するポリエステル樹脂(D)を含有する請求項8~11のいずれかに記載の積層フィルムの製造方法。
- 前記ポリエステル樹脂(D)が、スルホン酸塩基を有するジカルボン酸成分(Da3)を有しないか、またはポリエステル樹脂(D)を構成するジカルボン酸成分(Da)の量に対して0.1モル%未満有する請求項12に記載の積層フィルムの製造方法。
- 前記樹脂層の乾燥後の厚みが、10~50nmとなるように塗布してなる請求項8~13のいずれかに記載の積層フィルムの製造方法。
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JP2016169343A (ja) * | 2015-03-13 | 2016-09-23 | 住友大阪セメント株式会社 | 無機粒子含有組成物、塗膜、塗膜付きプラスチック基材、表示装置 |
JP2016194000A (ja) * | 2015-03-31 | 2016-11-17 | 住友大阪セメント株式会社 | 無機粒子含有組成物、塗膜、塗膜付きプラスチック基材、表示装置 |
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KR102070734B1 (ko) | 2020-01-29 |
CN104159746B (zh) | 2016-01-27 |
US20150086777A1 (en) | 2015-03-26 |
JP6070547B2 (ja) | 2017-02-01 |
CN104159746A (zh) | 2014-11-19 |
TW201343396A (zh) | 2013-11-01 |
TWI577553B (zh) | 2017-04-11 |
US9771491B2 (en) | 2017-09-26 |
KR20140138643A (ko) | 2014-12-04 |
JPWO2013137101A1 (ja) | 2015-08-03 |
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