WO2013111291A1 - 非水電解質二次電池およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013111291A1 WO2013111291A1 PCT/JP2012/051577 JP2012051577W WO2013111291A1 WO 2013111291 A1 WO2013111291 A1 WO 2013111291A1 JP 2012051577 W JP2012051577 W JP 2012051577W WO 2013111291 A1 WO2013111291 A1 WO 2013111291A1
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- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
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- H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
- H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
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- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
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- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49108—Electric battery cell making
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- a battery sealed battery having a sealed structure in which positive and negative electrodes are sealed in a case can be given.
- a current interruption mechanism that detects an overcharge state based on battery temperature, battery internal pressure, etc., and interrupts the current when an overcharge state is detected.
- some of the compounds such as CHB and BP may be denatured or decomposed while the battery is used for a long period of time or depending on how the battery is used (for example, how to store at a high potential). It can happen. In such a case, there is a possibility that the amount of gas originally planned when the overcharged state is not generated and the current interrupting mechanism does not operate normally. In consideration of this, increasing the amount of the compound added and adjusting the design tolerance of the current interrupt mechanism (for example, setting the tolerance of the gas pressure at which the current interrupt mechanism operates) has been performed. However, other performance (for example, input / output characteristics) may be deteriorated, which is disadvantageous in terms of cost. There is a need to stably generate a necessary amount of gas without such inconvenience.
- overcharge-reactive compounds such as CHB and BP are not only used as gas generating agents for current interrupting mechanisms as described above, but are also used for other purposes.
- the compound reacts in an overcharged state to generate a gas, and at the same time, it is polymerized.
- the polymer produced thereby functions as a resistor in the battery.
- a polymer formed from the above compound is deposited on the surface of the positive electrode to form a film, thereby preventing further overcharge and improving safety in an overcharged state. Also in such a usage method, it is calculated
- the present invention was created to solve the conventional problems as described above, and its purpose is to achieve a desired effect obtained by the reaction of the overcharge-reactive compound (for example, necessary in an overcharged state). It is an object of the present invention to provide a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery capable of generating a large amount of gas and producing a polymer from the above compound with high accuracy and stability. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery having such performance.
- a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery is provided by the present invention.
- an overcharge-reactive multimer that is a dimer or more obtained by polymerizing an overcharge-reactive compound is unpolymerized in the vicinity of the positive electrode constituting the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery. It exists more on a molar basis than the overcharge reactive compound.
- the present inventors have examined the improvement in accuracy and stability of a polymerization reaction (for example, a reaction for gas generation or polymer generation) of an overcharge-reactive compound in a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery. It was discovered that the reaction can be broadly divided into two steps. That is, in the first step (hereinafter also referred to as STEP 1), the overcharge-reactive compound reacts (polymerizes), and an overcharge-reactive multimer of dimers or more of the overcharge-reactive compound serves as an intermediate. Generate. Next, in the second step (hereinafter also referred to as STEP 2), the generated overcharge reactive multimer further reacts (polymerizes) to form a polymer.
- a polymerization reaction for example, a reaction for gas generation or polymer generation
- an overcharge reactive multimer of a dimer or more obtained by polymerizing an overcharge reactive compound is an unpolymerized overcharge reactive compound.
- the unpolymerized overcharge-reactive compound is an overcharge-reactive compound that does not undergo STEP 1 reaction (polymerization).
- STEP 1 reaction polymerization
- the overcharge reactive multimer mainly includes a dimer to a 10mer of the overcharge reactive compound. That is, by performing the above STEP 1 reaction in advance, a considerable amount of the overcharge-reactive compound dimer to demer are present in the vicinity of the positive electrode as an intermediate at the start of battery use. This suitably prevents denaturation or decomposition of the overcharge-reactive compound. Moreover, the reaction of STEP2 proceeds more easily when the battery is overcharged.
- the positive electrode includes a polymerization initiator.
- the polymerization reaction of the overcharge reactive compound typically the reaction of STEP 1 is suitably performed on the positive electrode surface.
- the polymerization initiator is an azo polymerization initiator.
- the overcharge-reactive compound is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of branched alkylbenzenes, cycloalkylbenzenes, biphenyls, terphenyls, diphenyl ethers and dibenzofurans.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and a case that accommodates these electrodes, and at least one of the electrodes and the case
- the battery is configured as a sealed battery in which a conductive path that conducts to an external terminal exposed to the outside is formed, and includes a current interrupting mechanism configured to cut off the conductive path when the internal pressure of the case increases.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is used in a state where the battery is used (for example, a state in which the battery has been used for a long period of time) or usage (for example, a case where the battery is stored at a high potential) by the reaction of the overcharge reactive compound Regardless of), the required amount of gas is stably generated with high accuracy when overcharged.
- the internal pressure of the battery case increases as expected.
- the current interrupting mechanism can be stably operated with high accuracy when the overcharge state occurs. Therefore, it can be preferably applied to a sealed battery provided with the current interrupt mechanism.
- a method for manufacturing a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes preparing a positive electrode containing a polymerization initiator, preparing a nonaqueous electrolyte containing an overcharge reactive compound, supplying the nonaqueous electrolyte to the positive electrode, and adding the overcharge reactive compound to the positive electrode. It includes generating an overcharge reactive multimer of a dimer or more in the vicinity of the positive electrode by polymerization. In this way, by allowing the reaction of the overcharge reactive compound to proceed to STEP 1 in advance using the polymerization initiator, modification or decomposition of the overcharge reactive compound is prevented. In addition, when the battery is overcharged, the reaction of STEP2 easily proceeds. Therefore, according to the production method of the present invention, it is possible to provide a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery capable of stably expressing the desired effect obtained by the reaction of the overcharge reactive compound with high accuracy.
- the overcharge reactive multimer mainly contains a dimer to a 10mer of the overcharge reactive compound. If the degree of polymerization of the overcharge reactive multimer generated by the reaction (polymerization) becomes too large, there is a concern that the overcharge reactive multimer acts as a resistor in the battery. Therefore, it is preferable to keep the degree of polymerization low. That is, it is preferable to carry out the reaction of STEP 1 so that the overcharge-reactive multimer mainly contains 2 to 10-mers of the overcharge-reactive compound. This prevents denaturation or decomposition of the overcharge-reactive compound without deteriorating battery characteristics, and the STEP2 reaction proceeds more easily when the overcharge state is reached.
- the overcharge reaction is performed by heating the supplied nonaqueous electrolyte at a temperature of 50 ° C. to 100 ° C. after supplying the nonaqueous electrolyte to the positive electrode.
- the active compound As a result, the reaction of STEP 1 can be suitably advanced, and a desired overcharge-reactive multimer is easily generated.
- an azo polymerization initiator is used as the polymerization initiator.
- the overcharge-reactive compound is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of branched alkylbenzenes, cycloalkylbenzenes, biphenyls, terphenyls, diphenyl ethers and dibenzofurans.
- the present invention can be preferably applied to a method for manufacturing a secondary battery including a current interruption mechanism that operates by increasing the internal pressure of the case as described above.
- a vehicle including any of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries disclosed herein. Since the vehicle drive power supply varies in charge / discharge rate and, in some cases, high rate input / output may occur locally, the decomposition of the overcharge reactive compound may occur at that time. Therefore, such a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery can be particularly suitably used as a power source for a motor (electric motor) mounted on a vehicle such as an automobile equipped with an electric motor such as a hybrid vehicle, an electric vehicle, and a fuel cell vehicle.
- a motor electric motor mounted on a vehicle such as an automobile equipped with an electric motor such as a hybrid vehicle, an electric vehicle, and a fuel cell vehicle.
- a lithium ion secondary battery As a preferred embodiment of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery disclosed herein, a lithium ion secondary battery will be described as an example. However, the application target of the present invention is not intended to be limited to such a battery. Absent.
- the present invention can be applied to a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using a metal ion other than lithium ion (for example, sodium ion) as a charge carrier.
- “secondary battery” generally refers to a battery that can be repeatedly charged and discharged.
- a capacitor such as an electric double layer capacitor (ie, a physical battery) Battery).
- the “lithium ion secondary battery” refers to a secondary battery that uses lithium ions as electrolyte ions and is charged and discharged by the movement of charges accompanying the lithium ions between the positive and negative electrodes.
- a lithium ion secondary battery 100 has a configuration in which a wound electrode body 80 is accommodated in a flat rectangular parallelepiped case 50 together with a non-aqueous electrolyte (not shown).
- the wound electrode body 80 includes a positive electrode (positive electrode sheet 10) and a negative electrode (negative electrode sheet 20), and has a configuration in which the positive electrode sheet 10 and the negative electrode sheet 20 are wound flatly via separators 40A and 40B.
- the electrode body is not limited to a wound electrode body. Appropriate shapes and configurations can be appropriately employed depending on the shape and purpose of the battery.
- the case 50 includes a flat box-shaped case main body 52 having an opening on the upper surface, and a lid 54 that closes the opening.
- a positive electrode terminal 70 and a negative electrode terminal 72 are provided on the upper surface (cover body 54) of the case 50.
- the positive electrode terminal 70 is electrically connected to a positive electrode current collector plate 74 attached to an end in the width direction of the positive electrode (positive electrode sheet) 10.
- the negative electrode terminal 72 is electrically connected to a negative electrode current collector plate 76 attached to the end of the negative electrode (negative electrode sheet) 20 in the width direction.
- a current interruption mechanism 30 that operates when the internal pressure of the case 50 increases is provided inside the case 50.
- the current interruption mechanism 30 is provided between the positive electrode terminal 70 fixed to the lid body 54 and the electrode body 80, and electrically disconnects the conductive path from the positive electrode terminal 70 to the positive electrode 10 when the internal pressure of the case 50 increases. Is configured to do.
- the current interrupt mechanism 30 may include a first member 32 and a second member 34, for example.
- the first member 32 is a deformed metal plate
- the second member 34 is a connection metal plate joined to the deformed metal plate 32.
- the deformed metal plate (first member) 32 has an arch-shaped curved portion 33 having a central portion curved downward. The peripheral portion of the curved portion 33 is connected to the lower surface of the positive electrode terminal 70 via the current collecting lead terminal 35.
- a part (tip) of the curved portion 33 of the deformed metal plate 32 is joined to the upper surface of the connection metal plate 34 at a joint point 36.
- a positive electrode current collector plate 74 is joined to the lower surface (back surface) of the connection metal plate 34, and the positive electrode current collector plate 74 is connected to the positive electrode 10 of the wound electrode body 80. In this way, a conductive path from the positive electrode terminal 70 to the positive electrode 10 is formed.
- the current interrupt mechanism 30 includes an insulating case 38 formed of plastic.
- the material of the insulating case is not limited to plastic, and any material having insulating properties and airtightness may be used.
- the insulating case 38 is provided so as to surround the deformed metal plate 32, and hermetically seals the upper surface of the deformed metal plate 32.
- An opening for fitting the curved portion 33 of the deformed metal plate 32 is formed in the insulating case 38, and the curved portion 33 of the deformed metal plate 32 is fitted into the opening to seal the opening. is doing.
- the inside of the insulating case 38 is kept in a sealed state, so that the internal pressure of the case 50 does not act on the upper surface side of the sealed curved portion 33.
- the internal pressure of the case 50 acts on the lower surface of the curved portion 33 exposed outside the insulating case 38, that is, inside the case 50.
- the internal pressure of the case 50 acts to push the curved portion 33 curved downward.
- This action increases as the internal pressure of the case 50 increases.
- the curved portion 33 is turned upside down and deformed so as to bend upward. Due to the deformation of the curved portion 33, the joint point 36 between the deformed metal plate 32 and the connection metal plate 34 is cut. As a result, the conductive path is electrically disconnected and the current is interrupted.
- the current interrupting mechanism is not limited to the positive terminal side but may be provided on the negative terminal side. Further, when the internal pressure of the case increases, a conductive path (for example, a charging path) that electrically connects at least one of the positive and negative electrodes and an external terminal (positive electrode terminal or negative electrode terminal) exposed to the outside of the case is electrically disconnected. As long as it is configured, it is not limited to a specific shape and structure. Further, the current interruption mechanism is not limited to the mechanical cutting accompanied by the deformation of the first member described above. For example, an external circuit that detects the internal pressure of the case with a sensor and interrupts the charging current when the internal pressure detected by the sensor exceeds a set pressure may be provided as a current interrupt mechanism. In addition, when using the overcharge reactive compound mentioned later for the purpose other than gas generation, the said electric current interruption mechanism may not be.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of the wound electrode body of FIG. 1, and shows a long sheet structure (electrode sheet) in a stage before the wound electrode body 80 is assembled.
- the wound electrode body 80 includes a long positive electrode sheet 10 and a long negative electrode sheet 20.
- the positive electrode sheet 10 includes a long positive electrode current collector 12 and a positive electrode mixture layer 14 formed on at least one surface (typically both surfaces) of the positive electrode current collector 12 along the longitudinal direction.
- the negative electrode sheet 20 includes a long negative electrode current collector 22 and a negative electrode mixture layer 24 formed on at least one surface (typically both surfaces) of the negative electrode current collector 22 along the longitudinal direction. .
- the positive electrode sheet 10 and the negative electrode sheet 20 are overlapped via two long separators 40A and 40B, thereby forming a laminate.
- the laminate is laminated in the order of the positive electrode sheet 10, the separator 40B, the negative electrode sheet 20, and the separator 40A.
- a wound electrode body is formed, and further, the flat wound electrode body 80 is obtained by crushing the rolled electrode body from the side surface direction.
- the obtained wound electrode body 80 is accommodated in the case 50 and sealed by closing the opening of the case body 52 with the lid 54.
- a nonaqueous electrolyte is also injected (injected) into the case 50.
- a so-called sealed lithium ion secondary battery 100 having a structure in which the inside of the case 50 is sealed is constructed.
- a positive electrode current collector constituting a positive electrode (typically a positive electrode sheet) of a lithium ion secondary battery a conductive member made of a metal having good conductivity is preferably used.
- a conductive member made of a metal having good conductivity is preferably used.
- aluminum or an alloy containing aluminum as a main component can be used.
- the shape of the positive electrode current collector can be different depending on the shape of the battery and is not particularly limited, and may be various forms such as a rod shape, a plate shape, a sheet shape, a foil shape, and a mesh shape.
- the thickness of the positive electrode current collector is not particularly limited, and can be, for example, 5 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m.
- the positive electrode mixture layer can contain additives such as a conductive material and a binder (binder) as necessary.
- the positive electrode mixture layer may contain a polymerization initiator, which will be described later.
- the positive electrode active material examples include a composite oxide containing lithium and at least one transition metal element (preferably at least one of nickel, cobalt, and manganese).
- the composite oxide examples include a so-called binary lithium-containing composite oxide containing one kind of the transition metal element, a so-called binary lithium-containing composite oxide containing two kinds of the transition metal element, nickel as the transition metal element, Examples thereof include ternary lithium-containing composite oxides containing cobalt and manganese as constituent elements, and solid solution lithium-excess transition metal oxides. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Examples of the unitary lithium-containing composite oxide include cobalt lithium composite oxide (LiCoO 2 ), nickel lithium composite oxide (LiNiO 2 ), and manganese lithium composite oxide (LiMn 2 O 4 ).
- Examples of the binary lithium-containing composite oxide include nickel-cobalt-based LiNi x Co 1-x O 2 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1) and cobalt-manganese-based LiCo x Mn 1-x O 2 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1), nickel / manganese-based LiNi x Mn 1-x O 2 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1) and LiNi x Mn 2-x O 4 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2) A composite oxide is mentioned.
- Examples of the solid solution type lithium-excess transition metal oxide include a general formula: xLi [Li 1/3 Mn 2/3 ] O 2. (1-x) LiMeO 2 (Wherein, Me is one or more transition metals, and x is 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1), a solid solution lithium-excess transition metal oxide. Of these, a ternary lithium-containing composite oxide containing nickel, cobalt and manganese as transition metal elements is preferred.
- the general formula is LiMAO 4 (where M is at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Ni and Mn, and A is P, Si, S and A polyanionic compound represented by the following formula is also preferably used: an element selected from the group consisting of V.
- A is P and / or Si (for example, LiFePO 4 , LiFeSiO 4 , LiCoPO 4 , LiCoSiO 4 , LiFe 0.5 Co 0.5 PO 4 , LiFe 0.5 Co 0.5 SiO 4 , LiMnPO 4, LiMnSiO 4, LiNiPO 4, LiNiSiO 4) are suitable examples of the polyanionic compound.
- the proportion of the positive electrode active material in the positive electrode mixture layer is preferably more than about 50% by mass and about 70% to 95% by mass (for example, 75% to 90% by mass).
- a conductive powder material such as carbon powder or carbon fiber is preferably used.
- carbon powder various carbon blacks such as acetylene black, furnace black, ketjen black, and graphite powder are preferable.
- conductive fibers such as carbon fibers and metal fibers, metal powders such as copper and nickel, and organic conductive materials such as polyphenylene derivatives may be included singly or as a mixture of two or more. it can.
- the binder include various polymer materials. For example, when a positive electrode mixture layer is formed using an aqueous composition (a composition using water or a mixed solvent containing water as a main component as a dispersion medium for active material particles), water is used as a binder.
- Polymer materials that dissolve or disperse can be preferably employed.
- the water-soluble (water-soluble) polymer material include cellulose polymers such as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC); polyvinyl alcohol (PVA);
- examples of polymer materials that can be dispersed in water (water-dispersible) include fluorine resins such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE); vinyl acetate polymers; styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), acrylic acid-modified SBR resins (SBR type).
- Rubbers such as latex Rubbers such as latex);
- a solvent-based composition a composition in which the dispersion medium of active material particles is mainly an organic solvent
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PVDC polyvinylidene chloride
- vinyl halide resins such as polyethylene oxide, polyalkylene oxide such as polyethylene oxide (PEO), and the like
- PEO polyethylene oxide
- a binder may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the polymer material illustrated above may be used as a thickener and other additives in the composition for forming a positive electrode mixture layer, in addition to being used as a binder.
- the ratio of these additives in the positive electrode mixture layer is not particularly limited, but the ratio of the conductive material is preferably about 4% by mass to 20% by mass (for example, 4% by mass to 18% by mass). The ratio of the material is preferably about 1% by mass to 10% by mass (eg, 1% by mass to 7% by mass).
- the method for producing the positive electrode as described above is not particularly limited, and a conventional method can be appropriately employed. For example, it can be produced by the following method. First, a positive electrode active material, a polymerization initiator described later, and a conductive material, a binder, etc., if necessary, are mixed with an appropriate solvent (aqueous solvent, non-aqueous solvent or a mixed solvent thereof) to form a paste or slurry. A positive electrode mixture layer forming composition (hereinafter also referred to as a paste-like composition) is prepared. The mixing operation can be performed using, for example, an appropriate kneader (planetary mixer, homodisper, clear mix, fill mix, etc.).
- an appropriate kneader planetary mixer, homodisper, clear mix, fill mix, etc.
- both an aqueous solvent and a non-aqueous solvent can be used.
- the aqueous solvent only needs to be water-based as a whole, and water or a mixed solvent mainly composed of water can be preferably used.
- preferable examples of the non-aqueous solvent include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), methyl ethyl ketone, toluene and the like.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- the paste-like composition thus prepared is applied to the positive electrode current collector, the solvent is volatilized and dried, and then compressed (pressed).
- a technique similar to a conventionally known method can be appropriately employed.
- the composition can be suitably applied to the positive electrode current collector by using an appropriate application device such as a slit coater, a die coater, a gravure coater, or a comma coater.
- an appropriate application device such as a slit coater, a die coater, a gravure coater, or a comma coater.
- it can dry favorably by using natural drying, a hot air, low-humidity air, a vacuum, infrared rays, far infrared rays, and an electron beam individually or in combination.
- a compression method a conventionally known compression method such as a roll press method or a flat plate press method can be employed.
- the thickness may be measured with a film thickness measuring instrument, and the compression may be performed a plurality of times until the desired thickness is obtained by adjusting the press pressure. In this way, a positive electrode in which the positive electrode mixture layer is formed on the positive electrode current collector is obtained.
- the basis weight per unit area of the positive electrode mixture layer on the positive electrode current collector (the coating amount in terms of solid content of the positive electrode mixture layer forming composition) is:
- the total of both surfaces of the positive electrode current collector is 6 mg / cm 2 or more (for example, 12 mg / cm 2 or more, typically 15 mg).
- the negative electrode current collector constituting the negative electrode typically, the negative electrode sheet
- a conductive member made of a highly conductive metal is preferably used as in the case of a conventional lithium ion secondary battery.
- copper or an alloy containing copper as a main component can be used.
- the shape of the negative electrode current collector can be different depending on the shape of the battery and is not particularly limited, and may be various forms such as a rod shape, a plate shape, a sheet shape, a foil shape, and a mesh shape.
- the thickness of the negative electrode current collector is not particularly limited, and can be, for example, 5 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m.
- the negative electrode mixture layer includes a negative electrode active material capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions serving as charge carriers.
- a negative electrode active material capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions serving as charge carriers.
- the 1 type (s) or 2 or more types of the material conventionally used for a lithium ion secondary battery can be used.
- the negative electrode active material include carbon materials used in typical lithium ion secondary batteries.
- Representative examples of the carbon material used as the negative electrode active material include graphite carbon (graphite) and amorphous carbon. Among these, a particulate carbon material (carbon particles) including a graphite structure (layered structure) at least partially is preferably used.
- any carbon material of a so-called graphitic material (graphite), a non-graphitizable carbonaceous material (hard carbon), a graphitizable carbonaceous material (soft carbon), or a combination of these is suitable.
- natural graphite or artificial graphite
- Such natural graphite (or artificial graphite) may be obtained by spheroidizing graphite.
- the median diameter (average particle diameter D 50 : 50% volume average particle diameter) that can be derived from the particle size distribution measured based on the particle size distribution measuring apparatus based on the laser scattering / diffraction method is used. Those within a range of about 5 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m can be preferably used. Further, a carbonaceous powder in which the surface of the graphite is coated with amorphous carbon may be used.
- the negative electrode active material it is also possible to use oxides such as lithium titanate, simple substances such as silicon materials and tin materials, alloys, compounds, and composite materials using the above materials in combination. The proportion of the negative electrode active material in the negative electrode mixture layer exceeds approximately 50% by mass, and is approximately 90% to 99% by mass (eg, 95% to 99% by mass, typically 97% to 99% by mass). It is preferable that
- the negative electrode mixture layer needs one or more binders, thickeners, and other additives that can be blended in the negative electrode mixture layer of a general lithium ion secondary battery.
- the binder include various polymer materials.
- a negative electrode mixture layer is formed using an aqueous composition (a composition using water or a mixed solvent containing water as a main component as a dispersion medium of active material particles), water is used as a binder.
- Polymer materials that dissolve or disperse can be preferably employed.
- water-soluble (water-soluble) polymer material examples include cellulose such as carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), methylcellulose (MC), cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP).
- System polymer polyvinyl alcohol (PVA); Polymer materials that can be dispersed in water (water dispersible) include polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer (PFA), and tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- PFA tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer
- tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer examples include polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), tetrafluoroethylene-perfluor
- Fluorine resins such as polymer (FEP) and ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE); vinyl acetate polymer; styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), acrylic acid-modified SBR resin (SBR latex), rubber such as gum arabic
- FEP polymer
- EFE ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer
- SBR styrene butadiene rubber
- SBR latex acrylic acid-modified SBR resin
- rubber such as gum arabic
- a solvent-based composition a composition in which the dispersion medium of active material particles is mainly an organic solvent
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PVDC polyvinylidene chloride
- Polymer materials such as polyethylene oxide (PEO), polypropylene oxide (PPO), and polyethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymer (PEO-PPO) can be used.
- the polymer material illustrated above may be used as a thickener or other additive in the composition for forming a negative electrode mixture layer, in addition to being used as a binder.
- the proportion of these additives in the negative electrode composite layer is not particularly limited, but is about 1% by mass to 10% by mass (eg, about 1% by mass to 5% by mass, typically 1% by mass to 3% by mass). Preferably there is.
- the method for producing the negative electrode as described above is not particularly limited, and a conventional method can be adopted.
- a negative electrode active material is mixed with a binder or the like in the appropriate solvent (aqueous solvent, organic solvent or a mixed solvent thereof) to form a paste-like or slurry-like negative electrode mixture layer forming composition (hereinafter, (Also referred to as a paste-like composition).
- a paste-like composition is applied to the negative electrode current collector, the solvent is volatilized and dried, and then compressed (pressed).
- a negative electrode provided with a negative electrode mixture layer formed using the paste-like composition on the negative electrode current collector is obtained.
- conventionally well-known means can be used for the mixing, application
- the basis weight per unit area of the negative electrode mixture layer on the negative electrode current collector (the coating amount in terms of solid content of the negative electrode mixture layer forming composition) is:
- the total of both surfaces of the negative electrode current collector is 2.5 mg / cm 2 or more (for example, 6 mg / cm 2 or more, typically Is 10 mg / cm 2 or more) and is preferably 45 mg / cm 2 or less (for example, 22 mg / cm 2 or less, typically 15 mg / cm 2 or less).
- the separator (separator sheet) disposed so as to separate the positive electrode and the negative electrode may be a member that insulates the positive electrode mixture layer and the negative electrode mixture layer and allows the electrolyte to move.
- the separator include those made of a porous polyolefin resin.
- a porous separator sheet made of a synthetic resin for example, made of polyethylene, polypropylene, or a polyolefin having a structure of two or more layers combining these
- This separator sheet may be provided with a heat-resistant layer.
- the heat-resistant layer may be composed of a layer of insulating particles formed on the surface of the positive electrode mixture layer or the negative electrode mixture layer.
- the particles having insulating properties are inorganic fillers having insulating properties (for example, fillers such as metal oxides and metal hydroxides) or resin particles having insulating properties (for example, particles such as polyethylene and polypropylene). Also good.
- the electrolyte when a solid (gel) electrolyte in which a polymer is added to the above electrolyte is used instead of the liquid electrolyte, the electrolyte itself can function as a separator, so that a separator is not necessary. There can be.
- nonaqueous solvent and the supporting salt constituting the nonaqueous electrolyte injected into the lithium ion secondary battery those conventionally used for lithium ion secondary batteries can be used without any particular limitation.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte is typically an electrolytic solution having a composition in which a supporting salt is contained in a suitable non-aqueous solvent.
- non-aqueous solvent examples include ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2- Diethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dioxane, 1,3-dioxolane, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, acetonitrile, propionitrile, nitromethane, N, N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane, ⁇ -butyrolactone
- a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) is preferable.
- the supporting salt examples include LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiClO 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiC 4 F 9 SO 3 , LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiC (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3.
- lithium compounds lithium salts
- the concentration of the supporting salt is not particularly limited, but is about 0.1 mol / L to 5 mol / L (for example, 0.5 mol / L to 3 mol / L, typically 0.8 mol / L to 1.5 mol / L). Concentration.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte contains an overcharge reactive compound.
- the overcharge-reactive compound is a compound that can be dissolved or dispersed in the non-aqueous electrolyte, and means a compound that can react (polymerize) with each other when the battery is overcharged.
- Such an overcharge reactive compound is not oxidized at the operating voltage of the battery, but reacts (oxidizes) prior to the oxidative decomposition of the nonaqueous solvent of the nonaqueous electrolyte when the battery is overcharged. Therefore, the oxidation potential (oxidation start potential) of the overcharge reactive compound is higher than the upper limit potential of the positive electrode corresponding to the maximum value of the operating voltage.
- the oxidation potential (vsLi / Li + ) of the overcharge reactive compound is 0.1 V or higher (for example, 0.2 V or higher, typically 0.3 V) from the upper limit potential (vsLi / Li + ) of the positive electrode. Above) High is preferable. Moreover, it is preferable that it is 0.1 V or more (for example, 0.2 V or more, typically 0.3 V or more) lower than the oxidation potential (vsLi / Li + ) of the nonaqueous solvent.
- the preferable range of the oxidation potential of the overcharge reactive compound is 4.3 V or more (for example, it is 4.4 V or higher, typically 4.5 V or higher), and 5.0 V or lower (for example, 4.9 V or lower, typically 4.8 V or lower).
- the overcharge-reactive compound is preferably a compound having a benzene ring and a tertiary carbon bonded to at least one of carbons constituting the benzene ring. Since such tertiary carbon has high activity, the overcharge-reactive compound having the tertiary carbon is likely to react in an overcharged state.
- the number of tertiary carbons bonded to the carbon constituting the benzene ring is preferably 1 to 3 (eg 1 to 2, typically 1).
- the group having a tertiary carbon is preferably a phenyl group, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms (carbon atoms), or a branched alkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the molecular weight of the overcharge-reactive compound is not particularly limited, but is 100 to 400 (eg, 120 to 250, typically 150 to 200) from the viewpoint of solubility (dispersibility) in the nonaqueous electrolyte. preferable.
- the overcharge reactive compound include branched alkylbenzenes, cycloalkylbenzenes, biphenyls, terphenyls, diphenyl ethers, and dibenzofurans. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Of these, branched alkylbenzenes, cycloalkylbenzenes, biphenyls, and diphenyl ethers are preferred, and cycloalkylbenzenes and biphenyls are more preferred because of their high reactivity in an overcharged state and easy control of the polymerization reaction. .
- branched alkylbenzenes examples include branched alkylbenzenes having a branched alkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms and halides (typically fluorides) of branched alkylbenzenes.
- the number of branched alkyl groups having 3 to 6 carbon atoms is preferably 1 or 2.
- a branched alkylbenzene halide (typically fluoride) is a compound in which at least one hydrogen atom bonded to a carbon atom constituting a branched alkylbenzene is substituted with a halogen atom (typically a fluorine atom). Refers to a compound.
- gas typically hydrogen gas
- it is a partial fluoride of a branched alkylbenzene in which one or two hydrogen atoms bonded to the carbon atoms constituting the branched alkylbenzene are substituted with fluorine atoms. It is preferable.
- branched alkylbenzenes include branched alkylbenzenes such as cumene, diisopropylbenzene, t-butylbenzene, t-dibutylbenzene, t-amylbenzene, and t-diamilbenzene. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- cycloalkylbenzenes include cycloalkylbenzene having a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and at least one hydrogen atom bonded to the carbon atom constituting the cycloalkylbenzene is a linear or branched alkyl group.
- examples thereof include alkylated cycloalkylbenzene substituted with a group and / or a halogen atom (typically a fluorine atom), and a halide (typically a fluoride) of cycloalkylbenzene.
- the number of carbon atoms of the linear or branched alkyl group is preferably 1 to 6 (for example, 3 or 4).
- a cycloalkylbenzene halide (typically a fluoride) is a partial fluoride of cycloalkylbenzene in which one or two hydrogen atoms bonded to the carbon atoms constituting the cycloalkylbenzene are substituted with fluorine atoms. It is preferable that
- cycloalkylbenzenes include cycloalkylbenzenes such as cyclopentylbenzene and cyclohexylbenzene (CHB), alkylated cycloalkylbenzenes such as t-butylcyclohexylbenzene, and partial fluorides of cycloalkylbenzenes such as cyclohexylfluorobenzene. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- cycloalkylbenzenes such as cyclopentylbenzene and cyclohexylbenzene (CHB)
- alkylated cycloalkylbenzenes such as t-butylcyclohexylbenzene
- partial fluorides of cycloalkylbenzenes such as cyclohexylfluorobenzene.
- Biphenyls include biphenyl (BP) and at least one of hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms constituting BP is a linear or branched alkyl group and / or halogen atom (typically a fluorine atom). And alkylbiphenyl substituted with a halide of biphenyl (typically fluoride).
- the number of carbon atoms of the linear or branched alkyl group is preferably 1 to 6 (for example, 3 or 4). From the viewpoint of generating gas (typically hydrogen gas), it is preferable that one or two of hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms constituting biphenyl are substituted with alkyl groups in alkylbiphenyl.
- the biphenyl halide is preferably a biphenyl partial fluoride in which one or two hydrogen atoms bonded to the carbon atoms constituting the biphenyl are substituted with fluorine atoms.
- biphenyls include BP, alkyl biphenyls such as propyl biphenyl and t-butyl biphenyl, partial phenyls such as 2-fluorobiphenyl, 2,2′-difluorobiphenyl, and 4,4′-difluorobiphenyl.
- alkyl biphenyls such as propyl biphenyl and t-butyl biphenyl
- partial phenyls such as 2-fluorobiphenyl, 2,2′-difluorobiphenyl, and 4,4′-difluorobiphenyl.
- a compound can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Terphenyls, diphenyl ethers, dibenzofurans include terphenyl, diphenyl ether, dibenzofuran, and each of which at least one hydrogen atom bonded to the carbon atom constituting them is substituted with a linear or branched alkyl group Alkylates (alkylated terphenyls, alkylated diphenyl ethers, alkylated dibenzofurans) and / or terphenyl, diphenyl ether, dibenzofuran halides (typically fluorides) substituted with halogen atoms (typically fluorine atoms) Is mentioned.
- the number of carbon atoms of the linear or branched alkyl group is preferably 1 to 6 (for example, 3 or 4).
- alkylated terphenyl, alkylated diphenyl ether, and alkylated dibenzofuran have one or two hydrogen atoms bonded to the carbon atoms constituting them substituted with alkyl groups. It is preferable.
- terphenyl, diphenyl ether, and dibenzofuran halides are terphenyls in which one or two hydrogen atoms bonded to the carbon atoms constituting them are substituted with fluorine atoms.
- Diphenyl ether and dibenzofuran are preferably partial fluorides.
- Terphenyl may be a partial hydride of terphenyl in which a hydrogen atom is added to a part thereof.
- the use amount (addition amount) of the overcharge reactive compound is about 0.01 to 10% by mass (for example, 0.1 to 5% by mass, typically 1 to 3% by mass) in the non-aqueous electrolyte. Is preferred.
- the content of the overcharge reactive compound in the non-aqueous electrolyte after the overcharge reactive multimer is generated by the reaction of the overcharge reactive compound described later is consumed by the reaction, for example, 1% by mass. It can be about the following (for example, 0.5% by mass or less, typically 0.001 to 0.3% by mass).
- overcharge-reactive multimers formed by polymerizing the overcharge-reactive compound is present in the vicinity of the positive electrode of the lithium ion secondary battery. This point will be described later. To do.
- Such a method for producing a secondary battery includes, for example, constructing a positive electrode, constructing a negative electrode, and constructing a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery using the positive electrode and the negative electrode, as in the past.
- the above-described methods can be appropriately employed.
- a method for producing a lithium ion secondary battery will be described.
- the method for producing a lithium ion secondary battery disclosed herein includes reacting an overcharge-reactive compound with a polymerization initiator in the vicinity of the positive electrode. That is, the reaction of the overcharge reactive compound is performed in the production stage, not after the production of the lithium ion secondary battery. Thereby, an overcharge reactive multimer of a dimer or more is generated in the vicinity of the positive electrode. Since this overcharge-reactive multimer is less denatured or decomposed than the overcharge-reactive compound, as a result, modification or decomposition of components derived from the overcharge-reactive compound is prevented. The mechanism of action will be described in detail. The polymerization reaction of the overcharge reactive compound is roughly divided into two steps.
- the overcharge-reactive compound reacts (polymerizes), and an overcharge-reactive multimer of dimers or more of the overcharge-reactive compound is generated as an intermediate.
- the produced overcharge reactive multimer further reacts (polymerizes) to produce a polymer.
- a large amount of gas is generated by desorption of atoms as gas components from the overcharge reactive multimer simultaneously with polymerization.
- a part of the overcharge-reactive compound may be denatured or decomposed.
- the overcharge-reactive compound reacts (polymerizes), and an overcharge-reactive multimer that is relatively difficult to denature or decompose is generated.
- the modification or decomposition of the component derived from the overcharge-reactive compound is prevented. It is prevented.
- the reaction of STEP 2 easily proceeds when an overcharged state is reached.
- a desired effect obtained by the reaction of the overcharge reactive compound such as generation of a required amount of gas or generation of a polymer can be expressed with high accuracy and stability. Specifically, the amount of gas generated and the amount of polymer produced are less likely to change over time, and the stability of the reaction is improved.
- generates the overcharge-reactive multimer more than the dimer of an overcharge-reactive compound is the overcharge-reactive compound to be used.
- the polymerization initiator it can be carried out by appropriately selecting the type and amount of the polymerization initiator described later and, if necessary, appropriately adjusting the conditions of the heat treatment described later.
- the manufacturing method of the lithium ion secondary battery includes the following steps.
- the steps include preparing a positive electrode containing a polymerization initiator, preparing a non-aqueous electrolyte containing an overcharge-reactive compound, supplying the non-aqueous electrolyte to the positive electrode, and the overcharge-reactive compound.
- an overcharge reactive multimer of a dimer or more is generated in the vicinity of the positive electrode.
- the reaction of the overcharge-reactive compound can be advanced to STEP 1 in advance using the polymerization initiator.
- a positive electrode containing a polymerization initiator gas generation or polymer formation (film formation) resulting from the reaction (polymerization) of the overcharge-reactive compound is performed in the vicinity (typically the surface) of the positive electrode. Therefore, by including a polymerization initiator for initiating the reaction (polymerization) of the overcharge-reactive compound in the positive electrode (typically, the positive electrode mixture layer), the above-described vicinity of the positive electrode (typically on the surface) A polymer of an overcharge-reactive compound can be efficiently generated.
- the polymerization initiator is preferably added to the composition for forming a positive electrode mixture layer when a positive electrode (typically a positive electrode mixture layer) is prepared. As a result, the reaction of the overcharge reactive compound can be advanced to STEP 1 in advance.
- the polymerization initiator is not particularly limited, but a radical polymerization initiator is preferable because it is easy to control the reaction of the overcharge reactive compound (typically, the reaction of STEP 1).
- examples of the radical polymerization initiator include azo polymerization initiators, peroxide polymerization initiators, and persulfate polymerization initiators. Of these, azo polymerization initiators are preferred.
- Examples of the azo polymerization initiator include 2,2′-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride, 2,2′-azobis [N- (2-carboxyethyl) -2-methylpropionamidine] hydrate, 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile, 2,2′-azobis-2-methylbutyronitrile, 2,2′-azobis (2-methylpropionamidine) disulfate, 2,2′-azobis [2 -(5-Methyl-2-imidazolin-2-yl) propane] dihydrochloride, 2,2'-azobis (N, N'-dimethyleneisobutylamidine) dihydrochloride. These can be used individually by 1 type or in mixture of 2 or more types. Of these, 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile and 2,2'-azobis-2-methylbutyronitrile are preferable.
- peroxide polymerization initiator examples include persulfates such as potassium persulfate and ammonium persulfate; benzoyl peroxide, acetyl peroxide, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, cyclohexanone peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide Hydrogen peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, and dilauroyl peroxide. These can be used individually by 1 type or in mixture of 2 or more types. Of these, benzoyl peroxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and dicumyl peroxide are preferable.
- persulfates such as potassium persulfate and ammonium persulfate
- benzoyl peroxide acetyl peroxide, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, cyclohexanone peroxide, cum
- persulfate polymerization initiator examples include ammonium persulfate, sodium persulfate, and potassium persulfate. These can be used individually by 1 type or in mixture of 2 or more types.
- the amount of polymerization initiator used is not particularly limited. An appropriate amount can be set according to the purpose of use of the overcharge-reactive compound, the type of overcharge-reactive compound, the amount used, the polymerization conditions, and the like.
- a polymerization initiator in order to generate an overcharge reactive multimer in the vicinity of the positive electrode, in the positive electrode mixture layer (solid content of the positive electrode mixture layer forming composition) It is preferable to add about 10 ppm to 5000 ppm (for example, 50 ppm to 3000 ppm, typically 100 ppm to 1000 ppm) on a mass basis.
- the overcharge-reactive compound When cyclohexylbenzenes and / or biphenyls are used as the overcharge-reactive compound and an azo polymerization initiator is used as the polymerization initiator, it is particularly preferably 100 ppm to 1000 ppm. Note that the polymerization initiator is not consumed in its entirety by the reaction of the overcharge reactive compound, and those that have not contributed to the reaction can remain in the positive electrode (typically, the positive electrode mixture layer). Therefore, the positive electrode after the reaction can contain a polymerization initiator.
- a nonaqueous electrolyte containing an overcharge reactive compound As the overcharge reactive compound and the nonaqueous electrolyte, those described above can be appropriately selected and used.
- the amount (addition amount) of the overcharge-reactive compound is also preferably within the above-mentioned range.
- an electrode body including a positive electrode and a negative electrode is produced by the above-described method, and after the electrode body is accommodated in the case, a nonaqueous electrolyte containing an overcharge reactive compound is injected into the case. Thereby, a polymerization initiator and an overcharge reactive compound contact in the vicinity of a positive electrode.
- an overcharge reactive compound is reacted (polymerized).
- an overcharge reactive multimer of a dimer or more is generated in the vicinity of the positive electrode.
- An overcharge-reactive multimer of a dimer or higher is typically an intermediate produced in the state where it has progressed to the above-mentioned reaction of STEP1, but has not progressed to STEP2. Therefore, the degree of polymerization of the overcharge-reactive multimer is relatively low, and has a relatively high activity (reactivity) such that the polymerization proceeds when the overcharge state is reached.
- a dimer such as 2,2′-dicyclohexylbiphenyl, 4,4′-dicyclohexylbiphenyl, etc. as an overcharge-reactive multimer is obtained by the reaction of STEP1.
- a multimer containing is produced.
- cyclohexylbenzenes typically CHB
- biphenyls typically BP
- the current interruption mechanism usually does not operate.
- the above reaction is performed with the valve (the valve that opens and closes the passage communicating between the inside and outside of the battery) opened (typically before the battery is sealed).
- the above reaction is performed with the valve (the valve that opens and closes the passage communicating between the inside and outside of the battery) opened (typically before the battery is sealed).
- the above reaction is performed with the valve (the valve that opens and closes the passage communicating between the inside and outside of the battery) opened (typically before the battery is sealed).
- the valve the valve that opens and closes the passage communicating between the inside and outside of the battery
- the degree of polymerization of the polymer produced when the battery is overcharged is about 100 or more. Therefore, the degree of polymerization (average degree of polymerization) of the overcharge reactive multimer is preferably suppressed to about 50 or less (for example, 30 or less, typically 2 to 10). At this time, the degree of polymerization is counted by taking the overcharge reactive compound, which is a starting material (substance added to the nonaqueous electrolyte), as one unit.
- the overcharge-reactive multimer is preferably a 50-mer or less (eg, 30-mer or less, typically 2 to 15-mer) of an overcharge-reactive compound.
- the proportion of the 2-10 mer (more preferably 2-5 mer) of the overcharge reactive compound is 50% by mass or more (for example, 70% by mass or more, typically in the overcharge reactive multimer). Specifically, it is preferably 95% by mass or more).
- the degree of polymerization of the overcharge-reactive multimer is adjusted by appropriately selecting the type and amount of the polymerization initiator according to the type and amount of the overcharge-reactive compound to be used. It can carry out by adjusting appropriately the conditions of the heat processing to perform. The degree of polymerization can be measured based on a molecular weight determined by a known method such as gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC / MS method) or gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
- GC / MS method gas chromatography mass spectrometry
- GPC gel permeation
- the reaction (polymerization) of the overcharge-reactive compound can be suitably controlled.
- the reaction proceeds to STEP 1 but does not proceed to STEP 2.
- the heating temperature can be set in an appropriate range depending on the type and amount of the overcharge reactive compound and polymerization initiator to be used.
- the heating temperature is preferably 50 ° C. to 100 ° C. (eg, 60 ° C. to 90 ° C., typically 70 ° C. to 80 ° C.).
- the above temperature range can be suitably employed.
- the heating time can be appropriately selected according to the heating temperature and the like. For example, it is preferably about 2 hours to 20 hours (for example, 3 hours to 15 hours, typically 5 hours to 12 hours). Note that the heat treatment is also referred to as an aging treatment.
- the overcharge reactive compound by reacting (polymerizing) the overcharge reactive compound, the overcharge reactivity of the dimer or more obtained by polymerizing the overcharge reactive compound in the vicinity of the positive electrode constituting the lithium ion secondary battery.
- a structure in which the multimer is present on a molar basis more than the unpolymerized overcharge reactive compound is obtained.
- the unpolymerized overcharge-reactive compound is an overcharge-reactive compound that does not undergo STEP 1 reaction (polymerization).
- the configuration in which the overcharge-reactive multimer is present in a larger amount on a molar basis than the unpolymerized overcharge-reactive compound means that the overcharge-reactive multimer and the overcharge-reactive compound are in the vicinity of the positive electrode.
- the overcharge-reactive multimer may include a state on a molar basis over the overcharge-reactive compound.
- Lithium ion secondary batteries constructed in this way, that is, lithium ion secondary batteries in which overcharge-reactive multimers are present in a molar basis more than unpolymerized overcharge-reactive compounds in the vicinity of the positive electrode, Used as a battery for applications.
- Such a lithium ion secondary battery as described above, can generate a sufficient amount of gas accurately when overcharged, so that when used as a battery having a current interruption mechanism, the current interruption mechanism Can be controlled more suitably. Further, since a sufficient amount of the polymer derived from the overcharge-reactive compound can be deposited on the surface of the positive electrode, further overcharge is prevented and the safety in the overcharge state is improved.
- the lithium ion secondary battery can be suitably used as a power source for a motor (electric motor) mounted on a vehicle such as an automobile. Therefore, as schematically shown in FIG. 3, the present invention provides a vehicle 1 (typically an automobile) including such a lithium ion secondary battery 100 (typically a battery pack formed by connecting a plurality of series batteries) as a power source.
- a vehicle including an electric motor such as a hybrid vehicle, an electric vehicle, and a fuel cell vehicle is provided.
- Example 1 to Example 8 (1) Production of positive electrode sheet Lithium nickel manganese cobaltate (Li [Ni 1/3 Mn 1/3 Co 1/3 O 2 ) powder as a positive electrode active material, acetylene black as a conductive material, and polyfluoride as a binder Vinylidene was mixed with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone so that the mass ratio of these materials was 91: 6: 3. Further, 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as a polymerization initiator was added so as to have the amount shown in Table 1, and mixed to obtain a paste-like positive electrode having a solid content concentration of about 50% by mass. A composition for forming a composite layer was prepared. This composition is uniformly applied to one side of a long sheet-like aluminum foil (thickness 15 ⁇ m), and dried to form a positive electrode mixture layer on the positive electrode current collector. Sheet).
- AIBN 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile
- a 3: 3: 4 (volume ratio) mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) was used, and about 1 mol / L LiPF 6 as a supporting salt.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
- an electrolyte solution containing cyclohexylbenzene (CHB) at a concentration of about 2% by mass was used.
- lithium ion secondary battery For this lithium ion secondary battery, an appropriate conditioning treatment (an operation of performing a constant current charge for 3 hours at a charge rate of 1/10 C and then charging at a constant current constant voltage to 4.1 V at a charge rate of 1/3 C; Then, an initial charge / discharge treatment in which the operation of constant current discharge to 3.0 V at a discharge rate of 1/3 C was repeated 2 to 3 times, followed by aging treatment at 80 ° C. for 10 hours. In this way, lithium ion secondary batteries according to Examples 1 to 8 were obtained.
- IV resistance test The lithium ion secondary batteries according to Examples 1 to 8 were subjected to IV resistance tests. Specifically, CC charging was performed at a constant current of 1 C to 3.5 V in a room temperature (about 25 ° C.) environment atmosphere, and then CV charging was performed at the same voltage until the total time was 2 hours. Thereafter, discharging was performed at 25 ° C. with a current value of 10 C for 10 seconds, and IV resistance was calculated from a voltage drop amount 10 seconds after the start of discharging. The IV resistance was shown as a relative value with the resistance value of Example 1 being 1.00. The larger the value, the higher the IV resistance. The results are shown in Table 1 and FIG.
- the battery resistance increased as the addition amount of the polymerization initiator increased.
- the addition amount of the polymerization initiator was set to 100 ppm to 1000 ppm
- the gas generation amount when overcharged was increased. This is presumably because the production of CHB multimers was suitably performed, and many CHB dimer to 10-mers were present near or on the surface of the positive electrode sheet.
- the addition amount of the polymerization initiator was 1200 ppm or more
- the gas generation amount was lower than that in Example 1 in which the polymerization initiator was not used.
- the cause is unknown, but if a large amount of polymerization initiator is used, the polymerization initiator elutes in the non-aqueous electrolyte and forms overcharge-reactive multimers outside the vicinity of the positive electrode.
- One of the reasons is that it did not contribute to gas generation. Since CHB can be converted to BP in a non-aqueous electrolyte, the same effect is expected to be obtained for biphenyls. From the above, it can be seen that in the configuration in which CHB is used as the overcharge-reactive compound, AIBN is used as the polymerization initiator, and the predetermined aging treatment is performed, the added amount of AIBN is preferably 100 ppm to 1000 ppm.
- the range of the addition amount of a polymerization initiator since the range of the addition amount of a polymerization initiator can change, it is in the addition amount of the said Example. Without being limited, an appropriate addition amount can be selected. Moreover, when performing an aging process, the suitable range of the addition amount of a polymerization initiator may change also with the conditions.
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Abstract
Description
Li(LiaMnxCoyNiz)O2
(前式中のa、x、y、zはa+x+y+z=1を満足する実数)で表される三元系リチウム含有複合酸化物が挙げられる。上記固溶型のリチウム過剰遷移金属酸化物としては、例えば、一般式:
xLi[Li1/3Mn2/3]O2・(1-x)LiMeO2
(前式中、Meは1種または2種以上の遷移金属であり、xは0<x≦1を満たす)で表される固溶型のリチウム過剰遷移金属酸化物が挙げられる。なかでも、遷移金属元素としてニッケル、コバルトおよびマンガンを構成元素として含む三元系リチウム含有複合酸化物が好ましい。
(1)正極シートの作製
正極活物質としてニッケルマンガンコバルト酸リチウム(Li[Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2)粉末と、導電材としてアセチレンブラックと、結着材としてポリフッ化ビニリデンとを、これらの材料の質量比が91:6:3となるようにN-メチル-2-ピロリドンで混合した。さらに重合開始剤として2,2’-アゾビスイソブチロニトリル(AIBN)を表1に示す量となるように添加し、混合することによって、固形分濃度が凡そ50質量%のペースト状の正極合材層形成用組成物を調製した。この組成物を、長尺シート状のアルミニウム箔(厚さ15μm)の片面に均一に塗付し、乾燥することで正極集電体上に正極合材層を形成し、シート状の正極(正極シート)を作製した。
負極活物質として天然黒鉛粉末と、結着材としてスチレン-ブタジエン共重合体と、増粘材としてカルボキシメチルセルロースとを、これらの材料の質量比が98:1:1となるようにイオン交換水で混合して、固形分濃度が凡そ50質量%のペースト状の負極合材層形成用組成物を調製した。この組成物を、長尺シート状の銅箔(厚さ10μm)の片面に均一に塗付し、乾燥することで負極集電体上に負極合材層を形成し、シート状の負極(負極シート)を作製した。
作製した正極シートと負極シートとを70mm×30mmのサイズに切断し、セパレータを介して合材層が対面するように積層し、電極体を作製した。セパレータとしては、厚さが25μmの多孔質ポリエチレンシートを用いた。この電極体を非水電解液とともにラミネートシートに収容した後、封止(密封)して、ラミネート型リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。非水電解液としては、エチレンカーボネート(EC)とジメチルカーボネート(DMC)とエチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)との3:3:4(体積比)混合溶媒に、支持塩として約1mol/LのLiPF6を溶解し、さらにシクロヘキシルベンゼン(CHB)を凡そ2質量%の濃度で含有させた電解液を用いた。このリチウムイオン二次電池につき、適当なコンディショニング処理(1/10Cの充電レートで3時間の定電流充電を行い、次いで1/3Cの充電レートで4.1Vまで定電流定電圧で充電する操作と、1/3Cの放電レートで3.0Vまで定電流放電させる操作とを2~3回繰り返す初期充放電処理)を行った後、80℃で10時間エージング処理を行った。このようにして、例1~例8に係るリチウムイオン二次電池を得た。
例1~例8に係る各リチウムイオン二次電池について、アルキメデス法にてセルの体積を測定した。なお、アルキメデス法とは、測定対象物(本例では、ラミネート型のリチウムイオン二次電池)を、媒液(例えば、蒸留水やアルコール等)に浸漬し、測定対象物が受ける浮力を測定することにより、該測定対象物の体積を求める方法である。上記測定後、上記リチウムイオン二次電池を過充電状態(本例では、4.9V)まで充電し、再びアルキメデス法にてセルの体積を測定した。過充電後のセルの体積から、過充電前のセルの体積を差し引いて、過充電時におけるガス発生量を算出した。過充電時のガス発生量は、例1のガス発生量を1.00として相対値で示した。値が大きいほどガス発生量が大きい。結果を表1および図4に示す。
例1~例8に係るリチウムイオン二次電池につき、IV抵抗試験を行った。具体的には、室温(約25℃)環境雰囲気下において、1Cの定電流で3.5VまでCC充電した後、同電圧で合計時間が2時間になるまでCV充電した。その後、25℃にて、10Cの電流値で10秒間の放電を行い、放電開始から10秒後の電圧降下量からIV抵抗を算出した。IV抵抗は、例1の抵抗値を1.00として相対値で示した。値が大きいほどIV抵抗が高い。結果を表1および図4に示す。
Claims (13)
- 非水電解質二次電池であって、
前記非水電解質二次電池を構成する正極の近傍において、過充電反応性化合物が重合されてなる2量体以上の過充電反応性多量体が、未重合の前記過充電反応性化合物よりもモル基準で多く存在する、非水電解質二次電池。 - 前記過充電反応性多量体が、前記過充電反応性化合物の2量体から10量体を主として含む、請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記正極が重合開始剤を含む、請求項1または2に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記重合開始剤がアゾ系重合開始剤である、請求項3に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記過充電反応性化合物が、分岐鎖状アルキルベンゼン類、シクロアルキルベンゼン類、ビフェニル類、ターフェニル類、ジフェニルエーテル類およびジベンゾフラン類からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である、請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記非水電解質二次電池が、前記正極と負極とこれら電極を収容するケースとを備え、該電極の少なくとも一方と該ケース外部に露出する外部端子とを導通する導電経路が形成された密閉型電池として構成されており、
前記ケースの内圧が上昇することによって前記導電経路が分断されるように構成された電流遮断機構を備える、請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の非水電解質二次電池。 - 非水電解質二次電池を製造する方法であって、
重合開始剤を含む正極を用意すること、
過充電反応性化合物を含む非水電解質を用意すること、
前記非水電解質を前記正極に供給すること、
前記過充電反応性化合物を重合することによって、2量体以上の過充電反応性多量体を前記正極の近傍に生成させること、
を包含する、非水電解質二次電池の製造方法。 - 前記過充電反応性多量体が、前記過充電反応性化合物の2量体から10量体を主として含む、請求項7に記載の製造方法。
- 前記非水電解質を前記正極に供給した後、前記供給された非水電解質を温度50℃~100℃で加熱することによって、前記過充電反応性化合物を重合する、請求項7または8に記載の製造方法。
- 前記重合開始剤として、アゾ系重合開始剤を用いる、請求項7から9のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 前記過充電反応性化合物として、分岐鎖状アルキルベンゼン類、シクロアルキルベンゼン類、ビフェニル類、ターフェニル類、ジフェニルエーテル類およびジベンゾフラン類からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を用いる、請求項7から10のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 前記正極と負極とを収容したケースの内圧が上昇したときに該正極と該負極の少なくとも一方と該ケース外部に露出する外部端子とを導通する導電経路を分断する電流遮断機構を構築すること、を包含する、請求項7から11のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の非水電解質二次電池を備える車両。
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US9627722B1 (en) | 2013-09-16 | 2017-04-18 | American Lithium Energy Corporation | Positive temperature coefficient film, positive temperature coefficient electrode, positive temperature coefficient separator, and battery comprising the same |
JP6851307B2 (ja) | 2014-11-25 | 2021-03-31 | アメリカン・リシアム・エナジー・コーポレイションAmerican Lithium Energy Corporation | 内部電流リミッタと内部電流インターラプタを備えた充電式電池 |
JP6641842B2 (ja) * | 2015-09-29 | 2020-02-05 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 角形二次電池 |
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