WO2013057826A1 - 非水電解液二次電池およびその利用 - Google Patents
非水電解液二次電池およびその利用 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013057826A1 WO2013057826A1 PCT/JP2011/074217 JP2011074217W WO2013057826A1 WO 2013057826 A1 WO2013057826 A1 WO 2013057826A1 JP 2011074217 W JP2011074217 W JP 2011074217W WO 2013057826 A1 WO2013057826 A1 WO 2013057826A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery such as a lithium ion secondary battery that is lightweight and has a high energy density is expected to be preferably used as a high-output power source for mounting on a vehicle.
- a lithium ion secondary battery which is a typical example of such a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, includes an electrode active material (a positive electrode active material and a negative electrode active material) capable of reversibly occluding and releasing chemical species (lithium ions) serving as charge carriers.
- Patent Documents 1 to 4 are listed as conventional techniques disclosing the oil absorption amount of the positive electrode active material or the negative electrode active material.
- Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery used as a power source for a vehicle for example, a lithium-ion secondary battery as a power source and a hybrid vehicle that uses another power source having a different operating principle such as an internal combustion engine
- Lithium ion secondary battery is a typical example of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery in which such a usage mode is assumed.
- the conventional general non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery exhibits relatively high durability for low-rate charge / discharge cycles, but for high-rate discharge / charge cycles. It has been known that performance is likely to deteriorate. One of the causes is an increase in internal resistance due to repeated high-rate charge / discharge.
- the present invention has been created to solve the above-described conventional problems, and an object thereof is to provide a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery in which an increase in resistance due to repeated charge and discharge is suppressed. . Another object is to provide a vehicle including a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery having such performance.
- a positive electrode and a negative electrode are provided, the positive electrode has a positive electrode active material layer containing a positive electrode active material as a main component, and the negative electrode contains a negative electrode active material as a main component.
- a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery is provided, wherein / A is 1.27 to 1.79.
- the inventors of the present invention have been diligently investigating the cause of the increase in resistance in the high-rate discharge cycle.
- the high-rate discharge is repeated, the non-aqueous electrolyte having a high supporting salt concentration hardly enters the positive and negative electrodes, As a result of the relative decrease in the supported salt concentration of the nonaqueous electrolyte in the positive and negative electrodes, uneven support salt concentration occurs inside and outside the positive and negative electrodes, which increases the resistance of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery. I guessed that there was a possibility.
- the positive electrode active material and the affinity between the negative electrode active material and the non-aqueous electrolyte (for example, the positive and negative electrodes) It has been found that when the non-aqueous electrolyte easily permeates into the active material layer satisfies a specific relationship, an increase in resistance due to repeated high-rate discharge can be suppressed, and the present invention has been completed.
- oil absorption dibutyl phthalate (DBP) oil absorption and linseed oil absorption
- DBP dibutyl phthalate
- the resulting non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery has increased resistance due to repeated charge and discharge (typically repeated high-rate discharge) Increase in internal resistance in the case of Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a lithium ion secondary battery or other nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery in which an increase in resistance due to repeated charge and discharge is suppressed.
- the positive electrode active material has a DBP oil absorption A of 25 mL / 100 g or more.
- the DBP oil absorption amount A of the positive electrode active material is set to a predetermined value or more.
- the affinity between the positive electrode active material and the non-aqueous electrolyte and the affinity between the negative electrode active material and the non-aqueous electrolyte are appropriate relative to each other.
- the affinity between the positive electrode active material and the non-aqueous electrolyte is further improved within the range satisfying the general relationship.
- the resistance increases due to repeated charge and discharge typically non-aqueous electrolysis when high-rate discharge is repeated
- Increase in internal resistance of the liquid secondary battery can be suitably suppressed.
- the linseed oil absorption B of the negative electrode active material is 45 mL / 100 g or more.
- the affinity between the positive electrode active material and the non-aqueous electrolyte and the affinity between the negative electrode active material and the non-aqueous electrolyte are appropriate.
- the affinity between the negative electrode active material and the non-aqueous electrolyte is further improved.
- the resistance increases due to repeated charge / discharge (typically non-aqueous when high-rate discharge is repeated). (Increase in internal resistance of the electrolyte secondary battery) can be suitably suppressed.
- the positive electrode active material has a DBP oil absorption amount A (mL / 100 g) and the negative electrode active material has a linseed oil absorption amount B (mL / 100 g).
- the total A + B is 87 (mL / 200 g) or more.
- the affinity between the positive electrode active material and the non-aqueous electrolyte and the affinity between the negative electrode active material and the non-aqueous electrolyte is further improved.
- the resistance increases due to repeated charge and discharge (typically high rate discharge). (Increase in internal resistance of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery) can be suitably suppressed.
- the positive electrode active material is a lithium transition metal oxide containing at least one of nickel, cobalt, and manganese as a constituent element
- the negative electrode It is constructed as a lithium ion secondary battery whose active material is graphite.
- a vehicle including any one of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries disclosed herein.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery suppresses an increase in resistance (typically, an increase in the internal resistance of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery when high-rate discharge is repeated), so that the hybrid vehicle, electric vehicle, fuel It can be suitably used as a power source for a motor (electric motor) mounted on a vehicle such as an automobile equipped with an electric motor such as a battery car.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II in FIG. It is a perspective view which shows typically the state which winds and produces the electrode body which concerns on one Embodiment. It is a side view which shows typically the vehicle (automobile) provided with the lithium ion secondary battery which concerns on one Embodiment. It is a graph which shows the relationship between ratio B / A of the linseed oil absorption amount B (mL / 100g) of a negative electrode active material with respect to DBP oil absorption amount A (mL / 100g) of a positive electrode active material, and resistance increase rate (%).
- B / A of the linseed oil absorption amount B mL / 100g
- DBP oil absorption amount A mL / 100g
- a lithium ion secondary battery As a preferred embodiment of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery disclosed herein, a lithium ion secondary battery will be described as an example. However, the application of the present invention is intended to be limited to such a battery. is not. For example, the present invention can also be applied to a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery that uses a metal ion (for example, sodium ion) other than lithium ion as a charge carrier.
- “secondary battery” generally refers to a battery that can be repeatedly charged and discharged.
- a capacitor such as an electric double layer capacitor (ie, a physical battery) Battery).
- the “lithium ion secondary battery” refers to a secondary battery that uses lithium ions as electrolyte ions and is charged and discharged by the movement of charges accompanying the lithium ions between the positive and negative electrodes.
- a lithium ion secondary battery 100 can have the same configuration as the conventional one.
- a rectangular battery case 10 having a rectangular parallelepiped shape and the battery And a lid 14 that closes the opening 12 of the case 10.
- the lid body 14 is provided with an external positive electrode current collecting terminal 38 and an external negative electrode current collecting terminal 48 for external connection.
- a part of the terminals 38 and 48 protrudes to the surface side of the lid body 14. Yes.
- a part of the external positive current collector terminal 38 and a part of the external negative current collector terminal 48 are respectively connected to the internal positive terminal 37 or the internal negative terminal 47 inside the case.
- the wound electrode body 20 includes a sheet-like positive electrode sheet 30 in which a positive electrode active material layer 34 is formed on the surface of a long positive electrode current collector 32, and a long sheet-like separator. 50 and a sheet-like negative electrode sheet 40 in which a negative electrode active material layer 44 is formed on the surface of a long negative electrode current collector 42.
- the positive electrode sheet 30 and the negative electrode sheet 40 are stacked via two separator sheets 50, and the positive electrode sheet 30, the separator sheet 50, the negative electrode sheet 40, and the separator sheet 50 are stacked in this order.
- the laminate is wound around a shaft core (not shown) in a cylindrical shape, and is formed into a flat shape by squashing the obtained wound electrode body 20 from the side surface direction.
- the wound electrode body 20 is formed on the surface of the positive electrode active material layer 34 formed on the surface of the positive electrode current collector 32 and the surface of the negative electrode current collector 42 at the center in the width direction with respect to the winding direction. A portion where the negative electrode active material layer 44 overlaps and is densely stacked is formed. Further, at one end portion in the width direction with respect to the winding direction, the exposed portion of the positive electrode current collector 32 (the positive electrode active material layer non-forming portion 36) is formed without the positive electrode active material layer 34 being formed.
- the sheet 40 (or a dense laminated portion of the positive electrode active material layer 34 and the negative electrode active material layer 44) is laminated and protruded.
- the positive electrode active material layer non-forming part 36 in the positive electrode current collector 32 is laminated at the end of the wound electrode body 20 to form the positive electrode current collector laminated part 35. Further, the other end portion of the wound electrode body 20 has the same configuration as that of the positive electrode sheet 30, and the negative electrode active material layer non-formation portion 46 in the negative electrode current collector 42 is laminated, so that the negative electrode current collector lamination portion 45 is formed. Is formed.
- the separator sheet 50 a sheet having a width larger than the width of the laminated portion of the positive electrode active material layer 34 and the negative electrode active material layer 44 and smaller than the width of the wound electrode body 20 is used. 32 and the negative electrode current collector 42 are arranged so as to be sandwiched between the stacked portions of the positive electrode active material layer 34 and the negative electrode active material layer 44 so as not to contact each other and cause an internal short circuit.
- the positive electrode (typically, the positive electrode sheet 30) of the lithium ion secondary battery has a configuration in which a positive electrode active material layer 34 containing a positive electrode active material is formed on a long positive electrode current collector 32.
- a conductive member made of a highly conductive metal is preferably used.
- aluminum or an alloy containing aluminum as a main component can be used.
- the shape of the positive electrode current collector 32 may vary depending on the shape of the lithium ion secondary battery, and is not particularly limited, and may be various forms such as a rod shape, a plate shape, a sheet shape, a foil shape, and a mesh shape. .
- the positive electrode active material constituting the positive electrode active material layer 34 has a ratio B / A of the linseed oil absorption amount B (mL / 100 g) of the linseed oil of the negative electrode active material to the DBP oil absorption amount A (mL / 100 g) of the positive electrode active material described later.
- B the linseed oil absorption amount B
- A the positive electrode active material
- a typical positive electrode active material includes a composite oxide containing lithium and at least one transition metal element (preferably at least one of nickel, cobalt, and manganese).
- so-called single-system lithium-containing composite oxides containing one kind of transition metal element such as cobalt lithium composite oxide (LiCoO 2 ), nickel lithium composite oxide (LiNiO 2 ), manganese lithium composite oxide (LiMn 2 O 4 ), etc.
- the general formula is LiMAO 4 (where M is at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Ni and Mn, and A is P, Si, S and A polyanionic compound represented by the above is an element selected from the group consisting of V.
- A is P and / or Si (for example, LiFePO 4 , LiFeSiO 4 , LiCoPO 4 , LiCoSiO 4 , LiFe0.5Co 0.5 PO 4 , LiFe 0.5 Co 0.5 SiO 4 , LiMnPO 4) 4, LiMnSiO 4, LiNiPO 4, LiNiSiO 4) can be cited as particularly preferred polyanionic compound.
- the DBP oil absorption A of the positive electrode active material as described above is the ratio B / A of the linseed oil absorption B (mL / 100 g) of the linseed oil of the negative electrode active material to the DBP oil absorption A (mL / 100 g) of the positive electrode active material described later.
- it is 25 mL / 100 g or more (for example, 30 mL / 100 g or more, typically 34 mL / 100 g or more), and 55 mL / 100 g or less (for example, 50 mL / 100 g). 100 g or less, typically 37 mL / 100 g or less).
- the affinity between the positive electrode active material and the non-aqueous electrolyte and the affinity between the negative electrode active material and the non-aqueous electrolyte have a predetermined relative relationship.
- the affinity between the positive electrode active material and the non-aqueous electrolyte is further improved, and as a result, the increase in the internal resistance of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery when high-rate discharge is repeated is suitably suppressed. Can do.
- the oil absorption amount of the positive electrode active material is evaluated based on the DBP oil absorption amount.
- the DBP oil absorption is determined according to JIS K6217-4 “Carbon black for rubber—Basic characteristics—Part 4: Determination of oil absorption”.
- DBP dibutyl phthalate
- titration is performed on a powder to be inspected (positive electrode active material) with a constant speed burette, and a change in viscosity characteristics is measured by a torque detector.
- the addition amount of the reagent liquid per unit weight of the inspection target powder corresponding to the torque of 70% of the generated maximum torque is defined as DBP oil absorption (mL / 100 g).
- a DBP oil absorption measuring device for example, an absorption measuring device manufactured by Asahi Research Institute, Ltd. can be used.
- a compound constituting such a positive electrode active material can be prepared and provided by, for example, a conventionally known method.
- the oxide can be prepared by mixing several raw material compounds appropriately selected according to the atomic composition at a predetermined molar ratio and firing the mixture at a predetermined temperature by an appropriate means.
- a granular positive electrode active material powder substantially composed of secondary particles having a desired average particle size and / or particle size distribution is obtained.
- Can do by measuring the DBP oil absorption of the obtained positive electrode active material powder by a method based on JIS K6217-4 described above, a positive electrode active material suitable for constructing the lithium ion secondary battery according to the present invention is obtained. Can be selected.
- the proportion of the positive electrode active material in the positive electrode active material layer exceeds approximately 50% by mass, and is approximately 70% to 99% by mass (eg, 70% to 95% by mass, typically 75% to 90% by mass). It is preferable that
- the positive electrode active material layer includes, in addition to the positive electrode active material, one or more kinds of conductive materials, binders, and other additives that can be blended in the positive electrode active material layer of a general lithium ion secondary battery. Additives can be included as required.
- a conductive material a conductive powder material such as carbon powder or carbon fiber is preferably used.
- carbon powder various carbon blacks such as acetylene black, furnace black, ketjen black, and graphite powder are preferable.
- conductive fibers such as carbon fibers and metal fibers, metal powders such as copper and nickel, and organic conductive materials such as polyphenylene derivatives can be contained alone or as a mixture thereof.
- the same binder as that used for the positive electrode of a general lithium ion secondary battery can be appropriately employed.
- a polymer that is soluble or dispersible in the solvent used When an aqueous solvent is used, cellulose polymers such as carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC); polyvinyl alcohol (PVA); polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer Water-soluble or water-dispersible polymers such as fluorine resins such as (FEP); vinyl acetate copolymers; rubbers such as styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) and acrylic acid-modified SBR resins (SBR latex); be able to.
- fluorine resins such as (FEP)
- vinyl acetate copolymers rubbers such as styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) and acrylic acid-modified SBR resins (SBR latex
- a polymer such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) can be preferably used.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PVDC polyvinylidene chloride
- Such a binder may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used in combination of 2 or more type.
- the polymer material exemplified above may be used for the purpose of exhibiting the function as a thickener or other additive of the above composition.
- the ratio of these additives to the positive electrode active material layer is not particularly limited, but the ratio of the conductive material is preferably about 4% by mass to 25% by mass (eg, about 9% by mass to 22% by mass).
- the ratio of the dressing material and other additives is preferably about 1% by mass to 5% by mass (eg, about 1% by mass to 3% by mass).
- the method for producing the positive electrode as described above is not particularly limited, and a conventional method can be adopted.
- a positive electrode active material, a conductive material, a binder and the like are mixed with an appropriate solvent (aqueous solvent or non-aqueous solvent) to form a paste or slurry-like composition for forming a positive electrode active material layer (hereinafter referred to as a paste-like composition).
- a paste-like composition for forming a positive electrode active material layer
- Also referred to as a product
- the mixing operation can be performed using, for example, an appropriate kneader (planetary mixer, homodisper, clear mix, fill mix, etc.).
- both an aqueous solvent and a non-aqueous solvent can be used.
- the aqueous solvent only needs to be water-based as a whole, that is, water or a mixed solvent mainly composed of water can be preferably used.
- the non-aqueous solvent include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), methyl ethyl ketone, toluene and the like.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- the paste composition thus prepared is applied to a positive electrode current collector, the solvent is evaporated and dried, and then compressed (pressed).
- a technique similar to a conventionally known method can be appropriately employed.
- the composition can be suitably applied to the positive electrode current collector by using an appropriate application device such as a slit coater, a die coater, a gravure coater, or a comma coater.
- an appropriate application device such as a slit coater, a die coater, a gravure coater, or a comma coater.
- it can dry favorably by using natural drying, a hot air, low-humidity air, a vacuum, infrared rays, far infrared rays, and an electron beam individually or in combination.
- a compression method a conventionally known compression method such as a roll press method or a flat plate press method can be employed.
- the thickness may be measured with a film thickness measuring instrument, and the compression may be performed a plurality of times until the desired thickness is obtained by adjusting the press pressure.
- the positive electrode of the lithium ion secondary battery in which the positive electrode active material layer is formed on the positive electrode current collector is obtained.
- the basis weight per unit area of the positive electrode active material layer on the positive electrode current collector (the coating amount in terms of solid content of the positive electrode active material layer forming composition) is sufficient.
- a conductive path conductive path
- it is 5 mg / cm 2 or more (for example, 7 mg / cm 2 or more, typically 10 mg / cm 2 or more), It is preferably 100 mg / cm 2 or less (for example, 50 mg / cm 2 or less, typically 25 mg / cm 2 or less).
- the negative electrode (typically, the negative electrode sheet 40) has a configuration in which a negative electrode active material layer 44 containing a negative electrode active material is formed on a long negative electrode current collector 42.
- a conductive member made of a highly conductive metal is preferably used as in the case of the conventional lithium ion secondary battery.
- copper or copper is the main component.
- An alloy can be used.
- the shape of the negative electrode current collector 42 is not particularly limited because it may vary depending on the shape of the lithium ion secondary battery, and may be various forms such as a rod shape, a plate shape, a sheet shape, a foil shape, and a mesh shape.
- the negative electrode active material layer 44 includes a negative electrode active material capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions serving as charge carriers.
- a negative electrode active material capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions serving as charge carriers.
- the composition and shape thereof are not particularly limited, and one or more materials conventionally used in lithium ion secondary batteries can be used. Examples of the negative electrode active material include carbon materials used in typical lithium ion secondary batteries.
- the carbon material used as the negative electrode active material include graphite carbon (graphite) and amorphous carbon.
- graphite carbon graphite
- a particulate carbon material carbon particles including a graphite structure (layered structure) at least partially is preferably used.
- any carbon material of a so-called graphitic material (graphite), a non-graphitizable carbonaceous material (hard carbon), a graphitizable carbonaceous material (soft carbon), or a combination of these is suitable.
- natural graphite or artificial graphite
- Such natural graphite (or artificial graphite) may be obtained by spheroidizing graphite.
- the median diameter (average particle diameter D 50 : 50% volume average particle diameter) that can be derived from the particle size distribution measured based on the particle size distribution measuring apparatus based on the laser scattering / diffraction method is used. Those within a range of about 5 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m can be preferably used. Further, a carbonaceous powder in which the surface of the graphite is coated with amorphous carbon may be used.
- oxides such as lithium titanate (LTO), simple substances such as silicon materials and tin materials, alloys, compounds, and composite materials using the above materials in combination.
- the linseed oil absorption amount B of the negative electrode active material as described above is the ratio B / A of the linseed oil absorption amount B (mL / 100 g) of the negative electrode active material to the DBP oil absorption amount A (mL / 100 g) of the positive electrode active material described later. Is 45 mL / 100 g or more (eg, 50 mL / 100 g or more, typically 55 mL / 100 g or more), and 100 mL / 100 g or less (eg, 80 mL). / 100 g or less, typically 75 mL / 100 g or less).
- the affinity between the positive electrode active material and the non-aqueous electrolyte and the affinity between the negative electrode active material and the non-aqueous electrolyte are predetermined relative relationships. As long as the compatibility between the negative electrode active material and the non-aqueous electrolyte is further improved, the increase in the internal resistance of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery when high-rate discharge is repeated is suitably suppressed. be able to.
- the oil absorption amount of the negative electrode active material is evaluated based on the oil absorption amount of linseed oil.
- the oil absorption (mL / 100 g) of linseed oil is based on the measurement method of DBP oil absorption A of the positive electrode active material, and linseed oil is used instead of DBP as a reagent liquid, and titrated with a constant speed burette on the powder to be inspected.
- the change in viscosity characteristics can be measured with a torque detector.
- the amount of the reagent liquid added per unit weight of the powder to be inspected that corresponds to a torque of 70% of the generated maximum torque is defined as the oil absorption amount of linseed oil.
- the negative electrode active material suitable for constructing the lithium ion secondary battery which concerns on this invention can be selected by measuring a linseed oil absorption amount by the method mentioned above.
- the proportion of the negative electrode active material in the negative electrode active material layer exceeds approximately 50% by mass, and approximately 90% by mass to 99% by mass (eg, 95% by mass to 99% by mass, typically 97% by mass to 99% by mass). It is preferable that
- the negative electrode active material layer is one or more binders, thickeners, other additives, etc. that can be blended in the negative electrode active material layer of a general lithium ion secondary battery. These additives can be contained as required.
- the binder include various polymer materials. For example, when the negative electrode active material layer is formed using an aqueous liquid composition (a composition using water or a mixed solvent containing water as a main component as a dispersion medium of active material particles), water is used as a binder. A polymer material that dissolves or disperses in water can be preferably used.
- water-soluble (water-soluble) polymer material examples include cellulose such as carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), methylcellulose (MC), cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP).
- CMC carboxymethylcellulose
- MC methylcellulose
- CAP cellulose acetate phthalate
- HPMC hydroxypropylmethylcellulose
- HPMC hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate
- HPMC hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate
- HPMC hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate
- HPMC hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate
- HPMC hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate
- HPMC hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate
- HPMC hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate
- HPMC hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate
- HPMC hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate
- HPMC hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate
- HPMC hydroxyprop
- Fluorine resins such as coalescence (FEP) and ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE); vinyl acetate copolymer; styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), acrylic acid-modified SBR resin (SBR latex), gum arabic, etc. Rubbers; are exemplified.
- a negative electrode active material layer is formed using a solvent-based liquid composition (a composition in which a dispersion medium of active material particles is mainly an organic solvent), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) ), Polyethylene oxide (PEO), polypropylene oxide (PPO), polyethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymer (PEO-PPO), and the like can be used.
- a solvent-based liquid composition a composition in which a dispersion medium of active material particles is mainly an organic solvent
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PVDC polyvinylidene chloride
- PEO polyethylene oxide
- PPO polypropylene oxide
- PEO-PPO polyethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymer
- the polymer material illustrated above may be used as a thickener and other additives in the composition for forming a negative electrode active material layer, in addition to being used as a binder.
- the proportion of these additives in the negative electrode active material layer is not particularly limited, but is about 1% by mass to 10% by mass (eg, about 1% by mass to 5% by mass, typically 1% by mass to 3% by mass). Preferably there is.
- the method for producing the negative electrode as described above is not particularly limited, and a conventional method can be adopted.
- it can be produced by the following method.
- the negative electrode active material is mixed with the above-mentioned appropriate solvent (aqueous solvent, organic solvent and mixed solvent thereof) together with a binder or the like, and a paste-form or slurry-form composition for forming a negative electrode active material layer (hereinafter, (Also referred to as a paste-like composition).
- a paste-like composition for forming a negative electrode active material layer
- the paste-like composition thus prepared is applied to the negative electrode current collector, the solvent is volatilized and dried, and then compressed (pressed).
- a negative electrode of a lithium ion secondary battery provided with a negative electrode active material layer formed using the paste-like composition on a negative electrode current collector is obtained.
- conventionally well-known means can be used for the mixing, application
- the basis weight per unit area of the negative electrode active material layer on the negative electrode current collector (the coating amount in terms of solid content of the negative electrode active material layer forming composition) is sufficient.
- the conductive path is not particularly limited as long as it can be secured, but is 2.5 mg / cm 2 or more (for example, 3 mg / cm 2 or more, typically 5 mg / cm 2 or more). It is preferably 50 mg / cm 2 or less (for example, 25 mg / cm 2 or less, typically 15 mg / cm 2 or less).
- the ratio B / A of the linseed oil absorption amount B (mL / 100 g) of the negative electrode active material to the DBP oil absorption amount A (mL / 100 g) of the positive electrode active material is 1.27 to 1. .79 is used.
- the ratio B / A is preferably 1.30 or more (eg 1.44 or more, typically 1.53 or more), and 1.77 or less (eg 1.75 or less, typically 1.73 or less) is preferable.
- the ratio B / A is within the above range, an increase in resistance due to repeated charge / discharge is suppressed, and in particular, an increase in internal resistance when high rate discharge is repeated is suppressed.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte with a high supporting salt concentration does not enter the positive and negative electrodes, but remains in the external region of the positive and negative electrodes in the battery case, and the supporting salt concentration of the nonaqueous electrolyte in the positive and negative electrodes
- the ratio B / A within the range of 1.27 to 1.79, the affinity between the positive electrode active material and the non-aqueous electrolyte and the affinity between the negative electrode active material and the non-aqueous electrolyte can be improved.
- the relative relationship is optimized, and as a result, the unevenness of the supported salt concentration of the entire non-aqueous electrolyte inside and outside the positive and negative electrodes is suitably reduced (or eliminated), and the increase in internal resistance when repeated high-rate discharge is suppressed It is presumed that it works like this.
- the total A + B of the DBP oil absorption amount A (mL / 100 g) of the positive electrode active material and the linseed oil absorption amount B (mL / 100 g) of the negative electrode active material is 87 (mL / 200 g) or more (eg, 91 or more, typically Is preferably 93 or more and 130 or less.
- a + B is within the above range, the affinity between the positive electrode active material and the non-aqueous electrolyte and the affinity between the negative electrode active material and the non-aqueous electrolyte satisfy an appropriate relative relationship.
- the affinity between the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material and the non-aqueous electrolyte is further improved, increasing the resistance due to repeated charge / discharge, particularly increasing the internal resistance of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery when high-rate discharge is repeated. It can suppress suitably.
- the formation of the positive electrode active material layer and the negative electrode active material layer is performed by the total mass C of the positive electrode active material contained in the positive electrode active material layer and the negative electrode active material contained in the negative electrode active material layer in the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery. It is preferable that the ratio C: D of the total mass D is about 90:10 to 10:90 (for example, 70:30 to 30:70, typically 65:35 to 50:50).
- the affinity between the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material and the non-aqueous electrolyte is in a more appropriate range in the relative relationship of these active materials, and thus resistance increase due to repeated charge and discharge is suitably suppressed, In particular, an increase in internal resistance when repeating high-rate discharge is suitably suppressed.
- the positive electrode sheet 30 and the negative electrode sheet 40 produced above are wound together with two separator sheets 50, wound, and crushed from the stacking direction so that the wound electrode body 20 is rolled. Molded into a flat shape.
- the wound electrode body 20 obtained in this way is accommodated in a battery case 10 made of, for example, metal or a laminate film, and an electrolytic solution is injected. Then, a lid 14 is attached to the case opening 12 and sealed. In this way, the lithium ion secondary battery 100 can be constructed.
- separator As a suitable example of the separator (separator sheet) used between the positive and negative electrode sheets, one composed of a porous polyolefin-based resin can be mentioned.
- a porous separator sheet made of a synthetic resin for example, made of polyethylene, polypropylene, or a polyolefin having a structure of two or more layers combining these
- This separator sheet may be provided with a heat-resistant layer or the like.
- a separator is not necessary (that is, in this case, the electrolyte itself) Can function as a separator.
- a non-aqueous electrolytic solution conventionally used for a lithium ion secondary battery can be used without any particular limitation.
- a nonaqueous electrolytic solution typically has a composition in which a supporting salt is contained in a suitable nonaqueous solvent.
- non-aqueous solvent examples include ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2 -Diethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dioxane, 1,3-dioxolane, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, acetonitrile, propionitrile, nitromethane, N, N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane, ⁇ -butyrolactone These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- PC propylene carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- DEC diethyl carbonate
- EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
- DMF N, N-dimethylformamide
- Species or two or more species can be preferably used.
- the supporting salt examples include LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiClO 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiC 4 F 9 SO 3 , LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiC (CF 3 SO 2 ). 3 , 1 type or 2 types or more of lithium compounds (lithium salt), such as LiI, can be used.
- concentration of support salt may be the same as that of the nonaqueous electrolyte solution used with the conventional lithium ion secondary battery, and there is no restriction
- the contained nonaqueous electrolyte solution can be used.
- the lithium ion secondary battery constructed in this manner is suitable as a power source for a motor (electric motor) mounted on a vehicle such as an automobile because an increase in resistance due to repeated charging and discharging is suppressed.
- a vehicle 1 typically an automobile
- a lithium ion secondary battery 100 typically, a battery pack formed by connecting a plurality of series-connected batteries
- a vehicle including an electric motor such as a hybrid vehicle, an electric vehicle, and a fuel cell vehicle is provided.
- Example 1 to Example 21 (1) Preparation of positive electrode sheet A plurality of lithium nickel manganese cobaltate (Li [Ni 1/3 Mn 1/3 Co 1/3 O 2 ) powder was prepared as a positive electrode active material, and each positive electrode active material was described above. The DBP oil absorption was measured based on the measurement method. And each positive electrode active material which shows the DBP oil absorption amount shown in the said prepared Table 1, acetylene black as a electrically conductive agent, and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) as a binder, The mass ratio of these materials is 88. : It mixed in ion-exchange water so that it might be set to 10: 2, and the paste-form composition for positive electrode active material layer formation was prepared.
- This composition was uniformly applied to both sides of a long sheet-like aluminum foil (thickness 15 ⁇ m) so that the total basis weight was 16.8 mg / cm 2 (solid content basis), dried, and then compressed. (Pressing), a positive electrode active material layer was formed on the positive electrode current collector, and a sheet-like positive electrode (positive electrode sheet) was produced.
- composition was uniformly applied to both sides of a long sheet-like copper foil (thickness 10 ⁇ m) so that the total basis weight was 9.6 mg / cm 2 (solid content basis), dried, and then compressed. (Pressing), a negative electrode active material layer was formed on the negative electrode current collector, and a sheet-like negative electrode (negative electrode sheet) was produced.
- Lithium ion secondary batteries (theoretical capacity 223 mAh) according to Examples 1 to 21 were constructed by accommodating the wound electrode body together with the electrolyte in a cylindrical container.
- Each lithium ion secondary battery prepared above was adjusted to SOC (State of Charge) 60%, discharged at a constant current of 30 C at a temperature of ⁇ 15 ° C., and the initial reaction resistance (m ⁇ ) was determined from the voltage drop. Asked. Next, each lithium ion secondary battery was adjusted to SOC 60% again, and charged and discharged with the following (I) to (IV) at a temperature of ⁇ 15 ° C .: (I) Discharge for 10 seconds at a constant current of 30C; (II) pause for 10 minutes; (III) Charge for 1 minute at a constant current of 5C; (IV) pause for 10 minutes; A high rate cycle test was repeated 3000 times.
- the ratio B / A of the linseed oil absorption amount B (mL / 100 g) of the negative electrode active material to the DBP oil absorption amount A (mL / 100 g) of the positive electrode active material is 1.27 to 1.
- the lithium ion secondary batteries according to Example 1, Example 2, Example 9 to Example 13, Example 19 and Example 20 in which the ratio B / A is less than 1.27 or more than 1.79 have a resistance increase rate due to a high rate cycle. was higher than 114%.
- the lithium ion secondary batteries according to Examples 5 to 7, 15 and 16 in which the ratio B / A is 1.53 to 1.73 are high rate cycles. It can be seen that the rate of increase in resistance due to is less than 104%, and the increase in the internal resistance of the lithium ion secondary battery when high-rate discharge is repeated can be significantly suppressed.
- the lithium ion secondary batteries according to Examples 1, 2 and 20 in which the linseed oil absorption amount B of the negative electrode active material is less than 45 mL / 100 g are increased in resistance due to the high rate cycle. The rate exceeded 124%. From this result, it can be seen that by using a negative electrode active material having a linseed oil absorption amount B of 45 mL / 100 g or more, an increase in internal resistance of the lithium ion secondary battery when high-rate discharge is repeated can be suppressed.
- the lithium ion secondary batteries according to Examples 11, 12, and 20 in which the DBP oil absorption amount A of the positive electrode active material is less than 25 mL / 100 g are the resistance increase rate due to the high rate cycle. Exceeded 139%. From this result, it can be seen that by using a positive electrode active material having a DBP oil absorption amount A of 25 mL / 100 g or more, an increase in internal resistance of the lithium ion secondary battery when high-rate discharge is repeated can be suppressed.
- the total A + B of the DBP oil absorption amount A (mL / 100 g) of the positive electrode active material and the linseed oil absorption amount B (mL / 100 g) of the negative electrode active material was 87 (mL / 200 g).
- the lithium ion secondary batteries according to Example 1, Example 2, Example 11, Example 12 and Example 20 below the resistance increase rate due to the high rate cycle exceeded 124%. From this result, it can be seen that by setting A + B to 87 (mL / 200 g) or more, an increase in the internal resistance of the lithium ion secondary battery when high-rate discharge is repeated can be suppressed.
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Abstract
Description
Li(LiaMnxCoyNiz)O2
(前式中のa、x、y、zはa+x+y+z=1を満足する実数)
で表わされるような、遷移金属元素としてニッケル、コバルトおよびマンガンを構成元素として含む三元系リチウム遷移金属酸化物、あるいは、一般式:
xLi[Li1/3Mn2/3]O2・(1-x)LiMeO2
(前式中、Meは1種または2種以上の遷移金属であり、xは0<x≦1を満たす)
で表わされるような、いわゆる固溶型のリチウム過剰遷移金属酸化物等が好ましく用いられる。中でも、遷移金属元素としてニッケル、コバルトおよびマンガンを構成元素として含む三元系リチウム遷移金属酸化物がより好ましい。
(1)正極シートの作製
正極活物質として、複数のニッケルマンガンコバルト酸リチウム(Li[Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2)粉末を用意し、各正極活物質について、上述した測定法に基づいてDBP吸油量を測定した。そして、上記用意した表1に示されるDBP吸油量を示す各正極活物質と、導電剤としてのアセチレンブラックと、結着材としてのカルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC)とを、これらの材料の質量比が88:10:2となるようにイオン交換水中で混合して、ペースト状の正極活物質層形成用組成物を調製した。この組成物を、長尺シート状のアルミニウム箔(厚さ15μm)の両面に合計目付量が16.8mg/cm2(固形分基準)となるように均一に塗布して乾燥させた後、圧縮(プレス)することで正極集電体上に正極活物質層を形成し、シート状の正極(正極シート)を作製した。
負極活物質として、複数種の天然黒鉛粉末を用意し、各負極活物質について上述した測定法に基づいて亜麻仁油吸油量を測定した。そして、上記用意した表1に示される亜麻仁油吸油量を示す各負極活物質と、結着剤としてのスチレン-ブタジエン共重合体(SBR)と、増粘材としてのカルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC)とを、これらの材料の質量比が98:1:1となるようにイオン交換水で混合して、ペースト状の負極活物質層形成用組成物を調製した。この組成物を、長尺シート状の銅箔(厚さ10μm)の両面に合計目付量が9.6mg/cm2(固形分基準)となるように均一に塗布して乾燥させた後、圧縮(プレス)することで負極集電体上に負極活物質層を形成し、シート状の負極(負極シート)を作製した。
作製した各正極シートと各負極シートとを二枚の長尺状ポリオレフィン系セパレータ(ここでは厚さが25μmの多孔質ポリエチレンシートを用いた。)とともに積層し、その積層シートを長尺方向に捲回して捲回電極体を作製した。この捲回電極体を電解液とともに円筒型の容器に収容することにより、例1~例21に係るリチウムイオン二次電池(理論容量223mAh)を構築した。電解液としては、エチレンカーボネート(EC)とジメチルカーボネート(DMC)とエチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)との3:3:4(質量比)混合溶媒に支持塩として約1mol/LのLiPF6を溶解させたものを用いた。また、得られた各リチウムイオン二次電池において、正極活物質層に含まれる正極活物質の総質量と負極活物質層に含まれる負極活物質の総質量の比は、いずれも61:39であった。
上記で作製した各リチウムイオン二次電池をSOC(State of Charge)60%に調整し、-15℃の温度下にて30Cの定電流で放電させ、その電圧降下から初期反応抵抗(mΩ)を求めた。次に、各リチウムイオン二次電池を再びSOC60%に調整し、-15℃の温度下にて、以下の(I)~(IV)からなる充放電サイクル:
(I)30Cの定電流で10秒間放電させる;
(II)10分間休止する;
(III)5Cの定電流で1分間充電する;
(IV)10分間休止する;
を3000回繰り返すハイレートサイクル試験を行った。その間、100サイクル毎に、SOCを60%に調整する操作を行った。上記試験後の各リチウムイオン二次電池につき、初期反応抵抗の測定と同様にして、ハイレートサイクル後の反応抵抗(mΩ)を測定し、ハイレートサイクル後の反応抵抗値を初期反応抵抗値で除すことにより、上記ハイレートサイクルによる抵抗増加率(%)を算出した。上記ハイレートサイクルによる抵抗増加率(%)を表1、図5および図6に示し、上記ハイレートサイクル後の反応抵抗(mΩ)を図7~図9に示す。
Claims (7)
- 正極と負極とを備え、該正極が、正極活物質を主成分として含む正極活物質層を有し、該負極が、負極活物質を主成分として含む負極活物質層を有する非水電解液二次電池であって、
前記正極活物質のDBP吸油量A(mL/100g)に対する前記負極活物質の亜麻仁油吸油量B(mL/100g)の比B/Aが1.27~1.79であることを特徴とする、非水電解液二次電池。 - 前記比B/Aが1.53~1.73である、請求項1に記載の非水電解液二次電池。
- 前記正極活物質のDBP吸油量Aが25mL/100g以上である、請求項1または2に記載の非水電解液二次電池。
- 前記負極活物質の亜麻仁油吸油量Bが45mL/100g以上である、請求項1または2に記載の非水電解液二次電池。
- 前記正極活物質のDBP吸油量A(mL/100g)および前記負極活物質の亜麻仁油吸油量B(mL/100g)の合計A+Bが87(mL/200g)以上である、請求項1または2に記載の非水電解液二次電池。
- 前記正極活物質がニッケル、コバルトおよびマンガンのうちの少なくとも1種を構成元素として含むリチウム遷移金属酸化物であり、前記負極活物質が黒鉛であるリチウムイオン二次電池として構築されている、請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の非水電解液二次電池。
- 請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の非水電解液二次電池を備える車両。
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US20140255783A1 (en) | 2014-09-11 |
CN103891030A (zh) | 2014-06-25 |
KR20140083029A (ko) | 2014-07-03 |
US9219278B2 (en) | 2015-12-22 |
JP5818115B2 (ja) | 2015-11-18 |
JPWO2013057826A1 (ja) | 2015-04-02 |
KR101579700B1 (ko) | 2015-12-22 |
CN103891030B (zh) | 2016-08-24 |
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