JPWO2013111291A1 - 非水電解質二次電池およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2013111291A1 JPWO2013111291A1 JP2013555053A JP2013555053A JPWO2013111291A1 JP WO2013111291 A1 JPWO2013111291 A1 JP WO2013111291A1 JP 2013555053 A JP2013555053 A JP 2013555053A JP 2013555053 A JP2013555053 A JP 2013555053A JP WO2013111291 A1 JPWO2013111291 A1 JP WO2013111291A1
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- overcharge
- positive electrode
- secondary battery
- reactive compound
- reactive
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- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000978776 Senegalia senegal Species 0.000 description 1
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LXEKPEMOWBOYRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-[(1-azaniumyl-1-imino-2-methylpropan-2-yl)diazenyl]-2-methylpropanimidoyl]azanium;dichloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.NC(=N)C(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C(N)=N LXEKPEMOWBOYRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXZUUHYBWMWJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Co].[Ni] QXZUUHYBWMWJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Mn] Chemical compound [Li].[Mn] KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZYXUQEDFWHDILZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ni].[Mn].[Li] Chemical compound [Ni].[Mn].[Li] ZYXUQEDFWHDILZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000205 acacia gum Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
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- PZXSLFQJOZPCJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis[2-(5-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1h-imidazol-2-yl)propan-2-yl]diazene;dihydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.N1C(C)CN=C1C(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C1=NCC(C)N1 PZXSLFQJOZPCJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt lithium Chemical compound [Li].[Co] CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MZZUATUOLXMCEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt manganese Chemical compound [Mn].[Co] MZZUATUOLXMCEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
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- VDIHFNQRHGYISG-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentylbenzene Chemical compound C1CCCC1C1=CC=CC=C1 VDIHFNQRHGYISG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-tert-butyl peroxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002050 diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 1
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002573 ethenylidene group Chemical group [*]=C=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006232 furnace black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002290 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni] RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZAUUZASCMSWKGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese nickel Chemical compound [Mn].[Ni] ZAUUZASCMSWKGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYZFTMMPKCOTAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)ethyl]-2-[[1-[2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)ethylamino]-2-methyl-1-oxopropan-2-yl]diazenyl]-2-methylpropanamide Chemical compound OCCNCCNC(=O)C(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C(=O)NCCNCCO QYZFTMMPKCOTAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006864 oxidative decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000233 poly(alkylene oxides) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionitrile Chemical compound CCC#N FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000790 scattering method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
Li(LiaMnxCoyNiz)O2
(前式中のa、x、y、zはa+x+y+z=1を満足する実数)で表される三元系リチウム含有複合酸化物が挙げられる。上記固溶型のリチウム過剰遷移金属酸化物としては、例えば、一般式:
xLi[Li1/3Mn2/3]O2・(1−x)LiMeO2
(前式中、Meは1種または2種以上の遷移金属であり、xは0<x≦1を満たす)で表される固溶型のリチウム過剰遷移金属酸化物が挙げられる。なかでも、遷移金属元素としてニッケル、コバルトおよびマンガンを構成元素として含む三元系リチウム含有複合酸化物が好ましい。
(1)正極シートの作製
正極活物質としてニッケルマンガンコバルト酸リチウム(Li[Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2)粉末と、導電材としてアセチレンブラックと、結着材としてポリフッ化ビニリデンとを、これらの材料の質量比が91:6:3となるようにN−メチル−2−ピロリドンで混合した。さらに重合開始剤として2,2’−アゾビスイソブチロニトリル(AIBN)を表1に示す量となるように添加し、混合することによって、固形分濃度が凡そ50質量%のペースト状の正極合材層形成用組成物を調製した。この組成物を、長尺シート状のアルミニウム箔(厚さ15μm)の片面に均一に塗付し、乾燥することで正極集電体上に正極合材層を形成し、シート状の正極(正極シート)を作製した。
負極活物質として天然黒鉛粉末と、結着材としてスチレン−ブタジエン共重合体と、増粘材としてカルボキシメチルセルロースとを、これらの材料の質量比が98:1:1となるようにイオン交換水で混合して、固形分濃度が凡そ50質量%のペースト状の負極合材層形成用組成物を調製した。この組成物を、長尺シート状の銅箔(厚さ10μm)の片面に均一に塗付し、乾燥することで負極集電体上に負極合材層を形成し、シート状の負極(負極シート)を作製した。
作製した正極シートと負極シートとを70mm×30mmのサイズに切断し、セパレータを介して合材層が対面するように積層し、電極体を作製した。セパレータとしては、厚さが25μmの多孔質ポリエチレンシートを用いた。この電極体を非水電解液とともにラミネートシートに収容した後、封止(密封)して、ラミネート型リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。非水電解液としては、エチレンカーボネート(EC)とジメチルカーボネート(DMC)とエチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)との3:3:4(体積比)混合溶媒に、支持塩として約1mol/LのLiPF6を溶解し、さらにシクロヘキシルベンゼン(CHB)を凡そ2質量%の濃度で含有させた電解液を用いた。このリチウムイオン二次電池につき、適当なコンディショニング処理(1/10Cの充電レートで3時間の定電流充電を行い、次いで1/3Cの充電レートで4.1Vまで定電流定電圧で充電する操作と、1/3Cの放電レートで3.0Vまで定電流放電させる操作とを2〜3回繰り返す初期充放電処理)を行った後、80℃で10時間エージング処理を行った。このようにして、例1〜例8に係るリチウムイオン二次電池を得た。
例1〜例8に係る各リチウムイオン二次電池について、アルキメデス法にてセルの体積を測定した。なお、アルキメデス法とは、測定対象物(本例では、ラミネート型のリチウムイオン二次電池)を、媒液(例えば、蒸留水やアルコール等)に浸漬し、測定対象物が受ける浮力を測定することにより、該測定対象物の体積を求める方法である。上記測定後、上記リチウムイオン二次電池を過充電状態(本例では、4.9V)まで充電し、再びアルキメデス法にてセルの体積を測定した。過充電後のセルの体積から、過充電前のセルの体積を差し引いて、過充電時におけるガス発生量を算出した。過充電時のガス発生量は、例1のガス発生量を1.00として相対値で示した。値が大きいほどガス発生量が大きい。結果を表1および図4に示す。
例1〜例8に係るリチウムイオン二次電池につき、IV抵抗試験を行った。具体的には、室温(約25℃)環境雰囲気下において、1Cの定電流で3.5VまでCC充電した後、同電圧で合計時間が2時間になるまでCV充電した。その後、25℃にて、10Cの電流値で10秒間の放電を行い、放電開始から10秒後の電圧降下量からIV抵抗を算出した。IV抵抗は、例1の抵抗値を1.00として相対値で示した。値が大きいほどIV抵抗が高い。結果を表1および図4に示す。
Claims (13)
- 非水電解質二次電池であって、
前記非水電解質二次電池を構成する正極の近傍において、過充電反応性化合物が重合されてなる2量体以上の過充電反応性多量体が、未重合の前記過充電反応性化合物よりもモル基準で多く存在する、非水電解質二次電池。 - 前記過充電反応性多量体が、前記過充電反応性化合物の2量体から10量体を主として含む、請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記正極が重合開始剤を含む、請求項1または2に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記重合開始剤がアゾ系重合開始剤である、請求項3に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記過充電反応性化合物が、分岐鎖状アルキルベンゼン類、シクロアルキルベンゼン類、ビフェニル類、ターフェニル類、ジフェニルエーテル類およびジベンゾフラン類からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である、請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記非水電解質二次電池が、前記正極と負極とこれら電極を収容するケースとを備え、該電極の少なくとも一方と該ケース外部に露出する外部端子とを導通する導電経路が形成された密閉型電池として構成されており、
前記ケースの内圧が上昇することによって前記導電経路が分断されるように構成された電流遮断機構を備える、請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の非水電解質二次電池。 - 非水電解質二次電池を製造する方法であって、
重合開始剤を含む正極を用意すること、
過充電反応性化合物を含む非水電解質を用意すること、
前記非水電解質を前記正極に供給すること、
前記過充電反応性化合物を重合することによって、2量体以上の過充電反応性多量体を前記正極の近傍に生成させること、
を包含する、非水電解質二次電池の製造方法。 - 前記過充電反応性多量体が、前記過充電反応性化合物の2量体から10量体を主として含む、請求項7に記載の製造方法。
- 前記非水電解質を前記正極に供給した後、前記供給された非水電解質を温度50℃〜100℃で加熱することによって、前記過充電反応性化合物を重合する、請求項7または8に記載の製造方法。
- 前記重合開始剤として、アゾ系重合開始剤を用いる、請求項7から9のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 前記過充電反応性化合物として、分岐鎖状アルキルベンゼン類、シクロアルキルベンゼン類、ビフェニル類、ターフェニル類、ジフェニルエーテル類およびジベンゾフラン類からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を用いる、請求項7から10のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 前記正極と負極とを収容したケースの内圧が上昇したときに該正極と該負極の少なくとも一方と該ケース外部に露出する外部端子とを導通する導電経路を分断する電流遮断機構を構築すること、を包含する、請求項7から11のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の非水電解質二次電池を備える車両。
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