WO2013051680A1 - 経口投与用吸着剤 - Google Patents
経口投与用吸着剤 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013051680A1 WO2013051680A1 PCT/JP2012/075897 JP2012075897W WO2013051680A1 WO 2013051680 A1 WO2013051680 A1 WO 2013051680A1 JP 2012075897 W JP2012075897 W JP 2012075897W WO 2013051680 A1 WO2013051680 A1 WO 2013051680A1
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- fiber
- oral administration
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- activated carbon
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
- A61K33/44—Elemental carbon, e.g. charcoal, carbon black
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/70—Web, sheet or filament bases ; Films; Fibres of the matrix type containing drug
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
- A61P13/02—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of urine or of the urinary tract, e.g. urine acidifiers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
- A61P13/12—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of the kidneys
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P39/00—General protective or antinoxious agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P39/00—General protective or antinoxious agents
- A61P39/02—Antidotes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
- A61P7/08—Plasma substitutes; Perfusion solutions; Dialytics or haemodialytics; Drugs for electrolytic or acid-base disorders, e.g. hypovolemic shock
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28002—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J20/28004—Sorbent size or size distribution, e.g. particle size
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
- B01J20/28023—Fibres or filaments
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J20/28057—Surface area, e.g. B.E.T specific surface area
- B01J20/28066—Surface area, e.g. B.E.T specific surface area being more than 1000 m2/g
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J20/28069—Pore volume, e.g. total pore volume, mesopore volume, micropore volume
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J20/28078—Pore diameter
- B01J20/2808—Pore diameter being less than 2 nm, i.e. micropores or nanopores
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/336—Preparation characterised by gaseous activating agents
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
- D01F9/08—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
- D01F9/12—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof
- D01F9/14—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an adsorbent for oral administration, and particularly to an adsorbent for oral administration containing activated carbon fiber (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “ACF”) as an active ingredient.
- ACF activated carbon fiber
- kidney disease has an acute phase and a chronic phase, and it is said that about 11% of adults suffer from chronic kidney disease in particular, and the number thereof is increasing year by year (Non-patent Document 1). ).
- chronic kidney disease a harmful toxic substance (urine toxin) that should be excreted outside the body accumulates in the blood or the like with a decrease in kidney function, resulting in a pathology called uremia.
- uremia insomnia, headache, bad breath, decreased appetite, muscle weakness and sensory abnormalities, as well as high blood pressure, anemia, cardiac hypertrophy, etc.
- uremia itself causes further impaired kidney function and is chronic. It is thought that the progress of kidney disease itself is also promoted (Non-patent Document 2).
- Adsorbents to be taken orally are attracting attention because they can remove uremic toxins from the body and treat kidney and liver dysfunction.
- the adsorbent described in Patent Document 1 is composed of a porous spherical carbon substance having a specific functional group (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “spherical activated carbon”), and is a uremic toxin that accumulates in the living body. And its precursors (eg indole acetic acid) can be adsorbed in the intestine and excreted in the stool, thereby reducing uremic toxins (eg indoxyl sulfate) in the blood.
- spherical activated carbon a porous spherical carbon substance having a specific functional group
- Patent Document 2 Patent Document 3, Non-Patent Document 3, Non-Patent Document 4, Non-Patent Document 5, Non-Patent Document 6, and Non-Patent Document 7).
- medicinal charcoal (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “powdered activated carbon”) is known as an adsorbent to be taken orally, and pesticides such as insecticides and herbicides due to intentional or accidental accidents.
- Acute drug addiction a condition that causes disturbance of consciousness, respiratory and / or circulatory system damage, or organ damage such as kidney or liver due to taking a large amount of analgesics or hypnotics in a short period of time
- absorption into the body can be suppressed by adsorbing or precipitating poisons present in the digestive tract by taking medicinal charcoal, but the dose is 40-60 g for adults, Even in the case of children, 1 g / kg is required (Non-Patent Document 9), and the adsorption performance as a uremic toxin adsorbent is unknown.
- Japanese Patent Publication No.62-11611 Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 62-29368 Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 63-60009
- An object of the present invention is to provide an adsorbent for oral administration containing ACF which adsorbs or removes a toxic substance in a living body rapidly and in large amounts and has high adsorption performance or removal performance.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a therapeutic or prophylactic agent for renal diseases including ACF, or a therapeutic or prophylactic agent for dialysis complications.
- an adsorbent for oral administration that exhibits even better adsorption performance than conventional adsorbents for oral administration made of spherical activated carbon
- the present inventors have used ACF as an active ingredient. It has been found that an adsorbent for oral administration showing excellent adsorption performance and / or initial adsorption rate can be obtained.
- the present invention is as follows. (1) A uremic toxin adsorbent for oral administration containing activated carbon fiber as an active ingredient. (2) The uremic toxin adsorbent for oral administration according to (1), wherein the activated carbon fiber has a micropore volume of 0.1 to 2.0 mL / g. (3) The uremic toxin adsorbent for oral administration according to (1) or (2), wherein the activated carbon fiber has a fiber length of 15 ⁇ m or more and a micropore volume of 0.5 to 1.0 mL / g.
- the uremic toxin adsorbent for oral administration according to any one of (1) to (3) which is a therapeutic or prophylactic agent for renal diseases or a therapeutic or prophylactic agent for dialysis complications.
- Fiber cross-sectional diameter is 5 to 50 ⁇ m, fiber length is 15 ⁇ m or more, specific surface area determined by BET method is 1400 to 2700 m 2 / g, and total pore volume is 0.8 to 1.8 mL / g, activated carbon fiber having a micropore volume of 0.5 to 1.0 mL / g.
- the adsorbent for oral administration of the present invention has higher adsorption performance or is superior in terms of the initial adsorption rate as compared with conventional adsorbents for oral administration, harmful toxic substances in vivo in the intestine Can be adsorbed rapidly, and the dose can be reduced as compared with conventional adsorbents for oral administration.
- the adsorptivity of high molecular weight compounds such as enzymes necessary for the living body is low, and it has sufficient selective adsorptivity.
- the size is significantly smaller than the conventional adsorbent for oral administration, it is easy to take. From the above, the adsorbent for oral administration of the present invention is a therapeutic or prophylactic agent for renal diseases and a therapeutic or prophylactic agent for dialysis complications, which is superior to conventional adsorbents for oral administration.
- ACF is an infusible treatment such as an oxidation treatment of raw materials in which acrylonitrile fiber, phenol fiber, and pitch (by-products such as petroleum, coal, and coal tar) are made into fibers, and then activation treatment is performed. It is also called activated carbon fiber or fibrous activated carbon.
- ACF has the following characteristics.
- A Purification of impurities of raw material components is performed at a high level.
- B It has a highly oriented structure compared to spherical activated carbon because it is highly stretched in one direction in the spinning process.
- C Production of a material having a high specific surface area and a high volume of micropores suitable for adsorption of low molecules such as uremic toxins can be expected.
- D Compared to spherical activated carbon, the fiber cross-section diameter (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “fiber diameter”) (size) is more uniform.
- E Compared to conventional spherical activated carbon, it is finer (diameter is 1/10 or less), and an increase in adsorption speed can be expected.
- the fiber cross-sectional diameter is preferably 5 to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably 5 to 30 ⁇ m.
- the diameter is less than 5 ⁇ m, the amount of adsorption and the rate of adsorption increase, but there are concerns about residual in vivo and uptake into cells, which is not preferable.
- the diameter is larger than 50 ⁇ m, the adsorption rate is decreased, and the effect as an adsorbent for oral administration is lowered, which is not preferable.
- the “average diameter” in the present invention refers to the value of Dv50 in the diameter of the fiber cross section described later.
- the diameter can be controlled by the thickness and the degree of activation and the degree of stretching and / or shrinking in intermediate processing steps such as the thickness of the yarn used and flame resistance.
- the shape of the fiber cross section of the ACF of the present invention depends on the cross sectional shape of the yarn used, such as a perfect circle, an ellipse, a chrysanthemum shape, and a polygon, and is not particularly limited.
- the length of the fiber of the ACF in the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 to 5000 ⁇ m, more preferably 15 to 3000 ⁇ m, further preferably 20 to 3000 ⁇ m, and still more preferably 90 to 3000 ⁇ m.
- the length is greater than 5000 ⁇ m, the fibers tend to converge and become pills, which is not preferable. In order to improve this, it is effective to shorten the fiber.
- a general pulverizer may be used.
- the fiber can be pulverized by a ball mill, a jet mill, or a mechanical rotary pulverizer. Further, when the fiber shape is broken by pulverization, the adsorption ability is lowered.
- the particles whose fiber shape is broken may be removed by sieving or a classifier.
- the length is adjusted by cutting long fibers, or pulverizing (milling) long fibers, felt, or woven ACF.
- processing such as sieving may be performed.
- the ratio is preferably 250 ⁇ 4000m 2 / g surface area, more preferably 800 ⁇ 4000m 2 / g, even more preferably 600 ⁇ 3500m 2 / g.
- the specific surface area is less than 250 m 2 / g, the amount of adsorbed uremic toxin decreases, which is not preferable.
- the specific surface area is larger than 4000 m 2 / g, the pores expand, the adsorption amount of low molecular weight substances such as uremic toxins decreases, and the adsorption amount of beneficial high molecular weight substances such as enzymes increases.
- the selective adsorptivity decreases, which is not preferable.
- the total pore volume is preferably 0.2 to 3.0 mL / g, more preferably 0.4 to 2.0 mL / g.
- the total pore volume is less than 0.2 mL / g, the amount of adsorbed uremic toxin decreases, which is not preferable.
- the total pore volume is larger than 3.0 mL / g, the pores expand, the amount of adsorption of low molecular weight substances such as uremic toxins decreases, and the amount of adsorption of beneficial high molecular weight substances such as enzymes increases.
- the selective adsorptivity to the element decreases, which is not preferable.
- the total pore volume is further preferably 0.5 to 1.8 mL / g, more preferably 0.8 to 1.8 mL / g, and further preferably 1.0 to 1.7 mL / g.
- the ACF in the present invention preferably has a micropore volume of 0.1 to 2.0 mL / g, more preferably 0.3 to 1.5 mL / g.
- the micropore volume is more preferably 0.5 to 1.0 mL / g, and further preferably 0.6 to 0.8 mL / g.
- the ACF in the present invention preferably has a mesopore volume of 0.8 mL / g or less, more preferably 0.7 mL / g or less, and even more preferably 0.5 mL / g or less.
- the mesopore volume is larger than 0.8 mL / g, the amount of adsorption of beneficial high molecular weight compounds such as enzymes increases, which is not preferable.
- the ACF in the present invention preferably has a macropore volume of 0.3 mL / g or less, more preferably 0.2 mL / g or less.
- the raw material of ACF in the present invention is not particularly limited, and polyacrylonitrile (PAN), phenol, pitch, rayon, cellulose, aramid, polyimide, polyamide, polyamideimide, polyphenylenebenzobisoxazole, polyvinyl alcohol, polysulfone ether, polysulfone Fibers usually used as a raw material for ACF, such as polyphenylene oxide and lignin, can be used.
- PAN polyacrylonitrile
- phenol-based, pitch-based, and rayon-based ACFs are more preferable because they have excellent adsorption performance and / or productivity.
- the ACF in the present invention can be produced, for example, by the following method, but is not limited thereto.
- Commercially available ACF may be used.
- ⁇ Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) ACF >> It can be obtained by oxidizing the polyacrylonitrile fiber in the air and then activating it. The oxidation treatment is performed at a temperature of 220 to 300 ° C. for 0.1 to 10 hours.
- the activation method a gas activation method or a chemical activation method can be used, but the gas activation method is more preferable.
- As the activation gas steam and / or carbon dioxide, and a mixed gas of these and an inert gas such as nitrogen can be used.
- ⁇ Phenolic ACF >> It can be obtained by activating phenol novolac fibers.
- phenol-based ACF if it is infusibilized (oxidized) in a liquid phase system or a gas phase system in advance, the polyacrylonitrile-based ACF does not require the necessary oxidation treatment, and only the activation treatment may be performed.
- ⁇ Pitch ACF ⁇ It can be obtained by oxidizing the fibers of petroleum-based or coal-based isotropic pitch materials and then activating them.
- ⁇ Rayon ACF ⁇ It can be obtained by activating rayon after oxidation in air.
- the ACF in the present invention is in the form of a mixture mixed with two or more types of ACF or a conventionally known spherical activated carbon (for example, Cremedin (registered trademark)), or in combination, to treat or prevent a renal disease, or to combine dialysis. It can also be used as a therapeutic or prophylactic agent for symptom.
- the ACF in the present invention may be reactivated (reactivated) using ACF as a raw material.
- the type of raw material ACF is not limited. For example, PAN-based, phenol-based, pitch-based, rayon-based ACF, and the like are used.
- the specific surface area of the ACF to be reactivated is 300 m 2 / g or more, preferably 500 to 2500 m 2 / g.
- the specific surface area is larger than 2500 m 2 / g, the reactivation rate is increased, it becomes difficult to control the activation conditions, and ashing may occur, leading to a decrease in activation yield.
- the activation conditions activation gas type, temperature, time, etc.
- the ACF in the present invention is subjected to surface desorption by heat treatment at 400 to 1200 ° C.
- the specific surface area of ACF used for heat processing is not specifically limited, 800 m ⁇ 2 > / g or more is preferable.
- the inert gas is not particularly limited, and nitrogen gas, argon gas, helium gas and the like are used. Further, heat treatment may be performed at a room temperature to 500 ° C. with a reducing gas such as hydrogen gas.
- the adsorbent for oral administration of the present invention contains the above-mentioned ACF as an active ingredient as a therapeutic or preventive agent for renal diseases or a therapeutic or prophylactic agent for dialysis complications.
- the dosage form can be powders, granules, tablets, dragees, capsules, suspensions, sticks, sachets, jellies or emulsions.
- an enteric capsule can be used as required in addition to normal gelatin.
- When used as a tablet it must be unlocked to the original fibrous body in the body.
- it can also be used in the form of a composite agent blended with an electrolyte regulator such as lanthanum carbonate, sevelamer hydrochloride, kalimate, or caixalate, which is another drug.
- the adsorbent for oral administration of the present invention can be used in any dosage form such as a solid preparation, a semi-solid preparation, and a liquid preparation.
- the preparation of the present invention is prepared using an additive usually used for formulation.
- these additives include lactose, sucrose, glucose, corn starch, potato starch, crystalline cellulose, light anhydrous silicic acid, synthetic aluminum silicate, magnesium metasilicate aluminate, calcium hydrogenphosphate, etc.
- Forming agents binders such as crystalline cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and polyvinylpyrrolidone; disintegrants such as starch, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose calcium, croscarmellose sodium, and carboxymethyl starch natrim; Lubricants such as talc and stearic acids; hydroxymethylpropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate, and esters Coating agents such as cellulose; Coloring agents; Bases such as white petrolatum in the case of semi-solid preparations; Solvents such as ethanol, solubilizing agents such as ethanol, preservatives such as paraoxybenzoates in the case of liquid preparations, Examples include isotonic agents such as glucose, buffers such as citric acids, antioxidants such as L-ascorbic acid, chelating agents such as EDTA, and suspending and emulsifying agents such as polysorbate 80.
- disintegrants such as starch, sodium carb
- the dose of the active ingredient in the adsorbent for oral administration of the present invention is usually about 1 to 3000 mg / day, more preferably about 1 to 1000 mg / day, and the number of administration is usually 1 to 3 times / day. In the case of an adsorbent for oral administration made of conventional spherical activated carbon, it is usually about 6000 mg / day.
- the adsorbent for oral administration of the present invention in addition to the uremic toxin adsorbent as a medicine, is used in a form in which it is contained in a food or drink or food additive, that is, as a uremic toxin adsorbent food or drink or food additive. It can also be applied to.
- an appropriate amount of powder or liquid may be blended in accordance with the type or form of the basic food or food additive.
- foods and drinks include blending into ordinary solid foods (for example, biscuits, bread, noodles), liquid foods (for example, soft drinks, drinks), and semi-liquid foods (for example, custard pudding, jelly), and food additives Examples thereof include ordinary preservatives, antioxidants, sweeteners, colorants, emulsifiers, seasonings, spices, and acidulants.
- renal diseases include chronic kidney disease, acute renal failure, chronic pyelonephritis, acute pyelonephritis, chronic glomerulonephritis, acute progressive nephritic syndrome, nephrotic syndrome, nephrosclerosis, interstitial nephritis, diabetic nephropathy , Focal glomerulosclerosis, membranous nephropathy, multiple cystic kidney syndrome, renovascular hypertension, and hypertension syndrome, and secondary kidney disease associated with the above-mentioned primary disease, etc. Reference 10).
- hyperphosphatemia, hyperkalemia, hyperuricemia, and hypernatremia associated with chronic kidney disease are also included as kidney diseases in a broad sense.
- dialysis complications include pruritus, anemia, rest leg syndrome, heart failure, arteriosclerosis, dialysis amyloidosis, hyperphosphatemia, hyperkalemia, and pulmonary edema.
- the activated carbon fiber of the present invention is low in the in vivo uremic toxins such as indoxyl sulfate, indole, indoleacetic acid, guanidinoacetic acid, paracresol, hippuric acid, furandicarboxylic acid, homocysteine, etc., and precursors thereof. Excellent adsorptivity of molecular weight substances. Furthermore, the activated carbon fiber has a beneficial selective adsorption property that the adsorptivity of digestive enzymes (for example, amylase, trypsin, lipase) which are beneficial substances for living bodies is low.
- digestive enzymes for example, amylase, trypsin, lipase
- uremic toxin means uremic toxin which is a harmful toxic substance causing uremia, and includes uremic toxin itself as well as precursors thereof.
- the adsorbent for oral administration of the present invention is less likely to cause side effects such as constipation caused by a large dose, is excellent in adsorption of low molecular weight organic compounds that are causative substances such as uremia, and has sufficient adsorption performance with a small dose It is possible to suppress adsorption of high molecular weight compounds such as enzymes necessary for living bodies.
- an agent that is effective as an adsorbent for oral administration, particularly for patients exhibiting pathological conditions in which toxins accumulate in the body, such as chronic kidney disease.
- the measuring method of the physical property in this application is as follows.
- PITA-II manufactured by Seishin Enterprise Co., Ltd.
- the value obtained by dividing the “area” of the fiber imaged by the measuring instrument by the “skeleton length” was taken as the fiber diameter of the fiber.
- V the fiber volume
- A the fiber diameter
- B the fiber length.
- the data of individual fibers are arranged in order of fiber diameter, and the volume of each fiber is summed from the smallest one, and the fiber diameter at the point where it reaches 10%, 50% and 90% of the total volume is 10% cumulative.
- 50% and 90% fiber diameter hereinafter referred to as Dv10, Dv50, Dv90.
- the calculated value of Dv50 was taken as the diameter (average diameter) of the fiber cross section.
- Fiber length The fiber length was calculated by the following method. Using PITA-II (manufactured by Seishin Enterprise Co., Ltd.) which is an image analysis type particle size and shape distribution measuring instrument, using a lens magnification of 4 times, repeating a plurality of measurements, a total of 4000 to 8000 pieces The fiber shape of was measured.
- PITA-II manufactured by Seishin Enterprise Co., Ltd.
- the “maximum length” of the fiber imaged by the measuring instrument was taken as the fiber length.
- V the fiber volume
- A the fiber diameter
- B the fiber length.
- the data of individual fibers are arranged in the order of the length of the fibers, the sum of the volume of each fiber is taken from the smallest one, and the length of the fiber at the point where it reaches 10%, 50%, 90% of the total volume is calculated.
- the cumulative fiber length was 10%, 50%, and 90%, respectively (hereinafter referred to as Dv10, Dv50, and Dv90).
- the calculated value of Dv50 was defined as the fiber length (average length).
- C Specific surface area (BET method) Using a specific surface area / pore distribution measuring device (AUTOSORB-1 manufactured by Quantachrome), the gas adsorption amount of ACF was measured, and the specific surface area was determined by the BET equation. Specifically, nitrogen was adsorbed to the sample ACF at ⁇ 196 ° C., and the relationship between nitrogen partial pressure and adsorption amount (adsorption isotherm) was measured.
- AUTOSORB-1 a specific surface area / pore distribution measuring device manufactured by Quantachrome
- W Nitrogen adsorption amount (g) at relative pressure (P / P 0 )
- Wm Nitrogen adsorption amount when covered with a monolayer (g)
- C BET constant P / P 0 and 1 / W (Po / P-1) are plotted using adsorption isotherm data with relative pressure (P / P 0 ) in the range of 0.05 to 0.35 according to BET equation (1). (BET plot), and the monolayer adsorption amount (Wm (g)) was calculated from the slope (s) and intercept (i) of the BET plot.
- Micropore volume A pore having a pore diameter of 20 mm or less was defined as a micropore, and a pore volume of 20 mm or less was calculated from a pore diameter obtained from an adsorption isotherm and a cumulative pore volume curve.
- Mesopore volume A pore having a pore diameter of 20 to 100 mm was defined as a mesopore, and a pore volume was calculated from a pore diameter obtained from an adsorption isotherm and a cumulative pore volume curve.
- Macropore volume The micropore volume and the mesopore volume were subtracted from the total pore volume.
- Example 1 Polyacrylonitrile-based ACF (fiber diameter 9 ⁇ m: trade name “Fineguard: FW-510” manufactured by Toho Kako Construction Co., Ltd.) was used. The characteristics of the ACF are shown in Table 1.
- Example 2 Phenol-based ACF (fiber diameter 15 ⁇ m: trade name “Krakutiv” manufactured by Kuraray Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used. The characteristics of the ACF are shown in Table 1, the measurement results of the fiber length are shown in Table 2, and the fiber length distribution is shown in FIG.
- Example 3 Phenol novolac fiber (fiber diameter 17 ⁇ m: trade name “Kinol” manufactured by Gunei Chemical Co., Ltd.) was activated with steam at 950 ° C. for 120 minutes to obtain ACF of the present invention. The properties of the obtained ACF are shown in Table 1.
- Example 4 Pitch-based ACF (fiber diameter 15 ⁇ m: trade name “A-15” manufactured by Ador) was used. The characteristics of the ACF are shown in Table 1.
- Example 5 A polyacrylonitrile-based oxidized fiber (fiber diameter: 14 ⁇ m: trade name “Pyromex” manufactured by Toho Tenax Co., Ltd.) was activated with steam at 950 ° C.
- Phenol-based ACF (fiber diameter 15 ⁇ m: trade name “Krakutiv” manufactured by Kuraray Chemical Co., Ltd.) was heated to 900 ° C. under a nitrogen stream, then switched to water vapor and activated for 60 minutes. In the temperature lowering step after the completion of activation, the reaction was again stopped under a nitrogen stream to obtain the ACF of the present invention. The characteristics of the ACF are shown in Table 1.
- Phenol-based ACF (fiber diameter 15 ⁇ m: trade name “Krakutiv” manufactured by Kuraray Chemical Co., Ltd.) was heated to 900 ° C.
- Example 9 A polyacrylonitrile-based oxidized fiber (fiber diameter: 14 ⁇ m: trade name “Pyromex” manufactured by Toho Tenax Co., Ltd.) was activated with water vapor at 950 ° C. for 70 minutes to obtain an ACF of the present invention.
- the properties of the obtained ACF are shown in Table 1.
- Example 10 After pulverizing the ACF of Example 2, using a swirling air flow type sieving measurement apparatus, classification is performed using a sieve having an opening of 10 ⁇ m, and the ACF having a short fiber length is obtained by collecting the material passing through the sieve. It was.
- the characteristics of the ACF are shown in Table 1, the measurement results of the fiber length are shown in Table 2, and the fiber length distribution is shown in FIG.
- Table 11 Phenol-based ACF (fiber diameter 16 ⁇ m: trade name “Krakutiv” manufactured by Kuraray Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used. The characteristics of the ACF are shown in Table 1.
- Example 12 Phenol novolac fiber (fiber diameter 12 ⁇ m: trade name “Kinol” manufactured by Gunei Chemical Co., Ltd.) was activated with water vapor at 900 ° C. for 50 minutes to obtain the ACF of the present invention.
- the characteristics of the ACF are shown in Table 1, and the measurement results of the fiber cross-sectional diameter are shown in Table 3.
- Phenol novolac fiber (fiber diameter 38 ⁇ m: trade name “Kinol” manufactured by Gunei Chemical Co., Ltd.) was activated with water vapor at 900 ° C. for 50 minutes to obtain the ACF of the present invention.
- the characteristics of the ACF are shown in Table 1, and the measurement results of the fiber cross-sectional diameter are shown in Table 3.
- a phenol novolac fiber (fiber diameter 17 ⁇ m: trade name “Kinol” manufactured by Gunei Chemical Co., Ltd.) was activated with water vapor at 500 ° C. for 10 minutes to obtain the ACF of the present invention.
- the specific surface area of the ACF was less than 600 m 2 / g.
- Example 15 Pitch-based ACF (fiber diameter 15 ⁇ m: trade name “A-20” manufactured by Ador) was used. The characteristics of the ACF are shown in Table 1.
- Example 16 Rayon fibers (fiber diameter 31 ⁇ m) were treated with an aqueous ammonium phosphate solution, oxidized at 270 ° C. for 2 hours in the air, and then activated with water vapor at 900 ° C. for 50 minutes to obtain the ACF of the present invention. The characteristics of the ACF are shown in Table 1.
- Example 17 Phenol-based ACF (fiber diameter 15 ⁇ m: trade name “Krakutiv” manufactured by Kuraray Chemical Co., Ltd.) was heated to 900 ° C.
- the following adsorption performance was evaluated.
- evaluation of uremic toxin adsorption performance in dietary ingredients Under conditions reflecting the state where food in the digestive tract assumed as an active site of the adsorbent is present, the uremic toxin adsorption performance of the adsorbent for oral administration of the present invention is measured, and the conventional adsorbent for oral administration and In order to compare the adsorption performance, the adsorption performance of the adsorbent for oral administration of the present invention in an eschar liquid which is an enteral nutrient (semi-digested nutrient) was measured.
- Klemedin registered trademark, Kureha "Kremedin Fine Granules”
- Kureha Kureha "Kremedin Fine Granules”
- the ACFs of Examples 1 to 10 and the spherical activated carbon of Comparative Example 1 were dried at 115 ° C. for 4 hours, and 25 mg was accurately weighed and taken in a polypropylene tube.
- Urine toxin indole acetic acid
- esqualid Abbott
- adsorption rate is 0% when the uremic toxin concentration is obtained when no adsorbent is used, and 100% when the uremic toxin is not present in the solution, and the uremic toxicity determined by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Calculated from elemental concentration.
- the adsorption rate is shown as the time (h) required for 50% adsorption, with the adsorption amount after 24 hours being 100%.
- the ACF of the present invention has a very high adsorption rate and a high adsorption rate compared to the spherical activated carbon of Comparative Example 1 in various ACFs with different raw materials. That is, the ACF of the present invention can adsorb indole acetic acid, which is a uremic toxin, rapidly and continuously in an organic solution similar to a state where food in the digestive tract is present.
- the adsorbent for oral administration containing ACF of the present invention has a much superior uremic toxin adsorption performance than the conventional adsorbent for oral administration made of spherical activated carbon.
- the adsorbent for oral administration containing activated carbon fiber is an adsorbent for oral administration having an adsorption performance superior to the conventional adsorbent for oral administration made of spherical activated carbon.
- the ACF of the present invention has almost the same effect on the spherical activated carbon of Comparative Example 1 in various ACFs with different raw materials. It showed a high serum indoxyl sulfate lowering effect at a dose of 5 mg.
- the ACF of the present invention was administered at a dose of 5 mg, the ACFs of Examples 11, 17 and 18 were administered 15 mg of the spherical activated carbon of Comparative Example 1, and the other ACFs were administered 30 mg of the spherical activated carbon of Comparative Example 1.
- the adsorbent for oral administration containing ACF of the present invention has a superior uremic toxin adsorption activity as compared with the conventional adsorbent for oral administration made of spherical activated carbon. It is a very excellent uremic toxin adsorbent for oral administration which can improve the problem that the adsorbent for oral administration comprises a large dose.
- the adsorbent for oral administration of the present invention can be used as an adsorbent for oral administration for the treatment or prevention of renal diseases, or an adsorbent for oral administration for the treatment or prevention of dialysis complications.
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Abstract
Description
(1)活性炭素繊維を有効成分として含有する、経口投与用尿毒素吸着剤。
(2)活性炭素繊維が、ミクロポア容積が0.1~2.0mL/gである(1)に記載の経口投与用尿毒素吸着剤。
(3)活性炭素繊維が、繊維の長さが15μm以上、ミクロポア容積が0.5~1.0mL/gである、(1)又は(2)に記載の経口投与用尿毒素吸着剤。
(4)腎疾患の治療又は予防薬、あるいは透析合併症の治療又は予防薬である(1)~(3)のいずれかに記載の経口投与用尿毒素吸着剤。
(5)1日当たりの投与量が1~3000mgである(1)~(4)のいずれかに記載の経口投与用尿毒素吸着剤。
(6)繊維断面の直径が5~50μmであり、繊維の長さが15μm以上、BET法で求められる比表面積が1400~2700m2/g、全細孔容積が0.8~1.8mL/g、ミクロポア容積が0.5~1.0mL/gである活性炭素繊維。
本発明におけるACFとは、アクリロニトリル系繊維、フェノール繊維、ピッチ(石油、石炭、及びコールタールなどの副生成物)を繊維状にした原料を酸化処理等の不融化処理後、賦活処理を行ったものであり、活性炭素繊維又は繊維状活性炭ともいう。
(a)原料成分の不純物の精製が高レベルに行われている。
(b)紡糸工程で、一方向に高延伸させるため、球状活性炭に比べ高配向の構造を有する。
(c)高比表面積、かつ尿毒素等の低分子吸着に適した微細孔の容積が高い素材作製が期待できる。
(d)球状活性炭に比べ繊維断面の直径(以下、「繊維径」という場合がある。)(サイズ)の均一性が高い。
(e)従来の球状活性炭に比べ微細(直径が10分の1以下)であり、吸着速度の高速化が期待できる。
《ポリアクリロニトリル(PAN)系ACF》
ポリアクリロニトリル系繊維を空気中で酸化させた後、賦活することによって得ることができる。酸化処理は220~300℃の温度で0.1~10時間かけて行われる。賦活方法としてガス賦活法又は薬品賦活法を用いることができるが、ガス賦活法がより好ましい。賦活ガスとして、水蒸気及び/又は二酸化炭素、更にこれらと窒素等の不活性ガスの混合ガスを用いることができる。
《フェノール系ACF》
フェノールノボラック繊維を賦活することによって得ることができる。フェノール系ACFの場合、あらかじめ液相系や気相系にて不融化(酸化)してあれば、ポリアクリロニトリル系ACFでは必要な酸化処理が不要であり、賦活処理のみを行ってもよい。
《ピッチ系ACF》
石油系又は石炭系の等方性ピッチ原料の繊維を酸化処理した後、賦活することによって得ることができる。
《レーヨン系ACF》
レーヨンを空気中で酸化処理後、賦活することによって得ることができる。
[再賦活]
本発明におけるACFは、ACFを原料として、改めて賦活(再賦活)してもよい。原料のACFは、種類は限定されないが、例えばPAN系、フェノール系、ピッチ系、レーヨン系等のACFが用いられる。再賦活するACFの比表面積としては、300m2/g以上、好ましくは500~2500m2/gのACFが用いられる。比表面積が2500m2/gより大きい場合、再賦活速度が速くなり、賦活条件の制御が難しくなり、灰化したりして、賦活収率の低下を招くことがある。賦活条件(賦活ガス種類、温度、時間等)は、原料のACFを製造する場合と同様の条件が用いられる。
[表面脱離]
本発明におけるACFは、ACF中の表面官能基を減少させることを目的としてACFの賦活工程の後半及び賦活終了後に、不活性ガス中で400~1200℃にて、熱処理し、表面脱離を行ってもよい。熱処理温度は、1200℃より高い場合では、細孔の収縮により、比表面積が減少し好ましくなく、1200℃以下が好ましい。熱処理に用いられるACFの比表面積は特に限定されないが800m2/g以上が好ましい。
本発明の経口投与用吸着剤は、腎疾患の治療又は予防薬、もしくは透析合併症の治療又は予防薬として、前記のACFを有効成分として含有する。その投与形態は、散剤、顆粒、錠剤、糖衣錠、カプセル剤、懸濁剤、スティック剤、分包包装体、ゼリー剤又は乳剤等であることができる。カプセル剤として服用する場合は、通常のゼラチンの他に、必要に応じて腸溶性のカプセルを用いることもできる。錠剤として用いる場合は、体内で元の繊維状体に解錠されることが必要である。更に他の薬剤である炭酸ランタンや塩酸セベラマー、カリメイトやケイキサレート等の電解質調節剤と配合した複合剤の形態で用いることもできる。
[食品および食品添加物としての形態]
本発明の経口投与用吸着剤は、医薬としての尿毒素吸着剤の他に、それを飲食物又は食品添加物に含有させた形態、すなわち尿毒素吸着性の飲食物又は食品添加物としての用途に応用することもできる。本発明の経口投与用吸着剤を配合した飲食物又は食品添加物を得るには、基礎となる飲食物又は食品添加物の種類もしくは形態にあわせて、粉末状又は液状で適量配合すればよい。飲食物としては、例えば通常の固形食品(例えばビスケット、パン、麺)、液状食品(例えば清涼飲料、ドリンク剤)及び半流動食品(例えばカスタードプディング、ゼリー)への配合が挙げられ、食品添加物としては、例えば通常の保存料、酸化防止剤、甘味料、着色料、乳化剤、調味料、香辛料、及び酸味料等が挙げられる。
[適用疾患]
腎疾患としては、例えば、慢性腎臓病、急性腎不全、慢性腎盂腎炎、急性腎盂腎炎、慢性糸球体腎炎、急性進行型腎炎症候群、ネフローゼ症候群、腎硬化症、間質性腎炎、糖尿病性腎症、巣状糸球体硬化症、膜性腎症、多発性のう胞性腎症候群、腎血管性高血圧、及び高血圧症候群、並びに前記の原疾患に伴う続発性腎疾患、等を挙げることができる(非特許文献10)。また、慢性腎臓病に付随する高リン血症、高カリウム血症、高尿酸血症、及び高ナトリウム血症等も広義の腎疾患として挙げられる。
(A)繊維断面の直径
繊維断面の直径(繊維径)は、以下の方法で算出した。画像解析式の粒度・形状分布測定器であるPITA-II((株)セイシン企業製)を用い、レンズの倍率は4倍を使用し、複数回の測定を繰り返して、合計で4000~8000個の繊維形状を測定した。
(B)繊維の長さ
繊維の長さは、以下の方法で算出した。画像解析式の粒度及び形状分布測定器であるPITA-II((株)セイシン企業製)を用い、レンズの倍率は4倍を使用し、複数回の測定を繰り返して、合計で4000~8000個の繊維形状を測定した。
(C)比表面積(BET法)
比表面積/細孔分布測定装置(Quantachrome社製AUTOSORB-1)を用いて、ACFのガス吸着量を測定し、BET式により比表面積を求めた。具体的には、試料であるACFに、-196℃で窒素を吸着させ、窒素分圧と吸着量の関係(吸着等温線)を測定した。
Wm: 単分子層で覆った時の窒素吸着量(g)
C: BET定数
BET式(1)に従い、相対圧力(P/P0)が0.05~0.35の範囲の吸着等温線のデータを用いP/P0と 1/W(Po/P-1)をプロット(BETプロット)し、単分子層吸着量(Wm(g))をBETプロットの傾き(s)と切片(i)より計算した。
BET式(1)より S=(C-1)/(WmC) ・・・(2)
i=1/(WmC) ・・・(3)
(2)と(3)より Wm=1/(s+i) ・・・(4)
全表面積 St(m2)= WmNAcs/M ・・・(5)
N: アボガドロ数(6.023×1023/mol)
M: 窒素の分子量
Acs: 窒素分子断面積(16.2Å)
(D)細孔容積
比表面積測定法と同様に窒素の吸着等温線より密度汎関数法で求めた。
全細孔容積:細孔が液体窒素により充填されていると仮定し、相対圧力が1付近で吸着したガスの全量より求めた。
ミクロポア容積:細孔直径が20Å以下の細孔をミクロポアと定義し、吸着等温線より得られる細孔径と累積細孔容積曲線から、20Å以下の細孔容積を算出した。
メソポア容積:細孔直径が20~100Åの細孔をメソポアと定義し、吸着等温線より得られる細孔径と累積細孔容積曲線から、細孔容積を算出した。
マクロポア容積:全細孔容積よりミクロポア容積とメソポア容積を差し引き求めた。
[実施例1]
ポリアクリロニトリル系ACF(繊維径9μm:商品名「ファインガード:FW-510」東邦化工建設社製)を使用した。そのACFの特性を表1に示す。
[実施例2]
フェノール系ACF(繊維径15μm:商品名「クラクテイブ」クラレケミカル社製)を使用した。そのACFの特性を表1に、繊維の長さの測定結果を表2に、繊維の長さの分布を図3に示す。
[実施例3]
フェノールノボラック繊維(繊維径17μm:商品名「カイノール」群栄化学社製)を、水蒸気にて950℃で120分かけて賦活し、本発明のACFを得た。得られたACFの特性を表1に示す。
[実施例4]
ピッチ系ACF(繊維径15μm:商品名「A-15」アドール社製)を使用した。そのACFの特性を表1に示す。
[実施例5]
ポリアクリロニトリル系酸化繊維(繊維径14μm:商品名「パイロメックス」東邦テナックス社製)を水蒸気にて950℃で60分かけて賦活し、本発明のACFを得た。得られたACFの特性を表1に示す。
[実施例6]
フェノール系ACF(繊維径15μm:商品名「クラクテイブ」クラレケミカル社製)を窒素気流下で900℃まで昇温させた後、水蒸気に切り替え、60分かけて賦活を行った。賦活終了後の降温工程では再び窒素気流下で反応を停止させ、本発明のACFを得た。そのACFの特性を表1に示す。
[実施例7]
フェノール系ACF(繊維径15μm:商品名「クラクテイブ」クラレケミカル社製)を窒素気流下で900℃まで昇温させた後、120分かけて表面脱離を行った。設定温度からの降温工程では、そのまま窒素ガスを導入し続け反応を停止させ、本発明のACFを得た。そのACFの特性を表1に示す。
[実施例8]
フェノール系ACF(繊維径15μm:商品名「クラクテイブ」クラレケミカル社製)を窒素気流下で800℃まで昇温させた後、30分かけて表面脱離を行った。設定温度からの降温工程では、そのまま窒素ガスを導入し続け反応を停止させ、本発明のACFを得た。そのACFの特性を表1に示す。
[実施例9]
ポリアクリロニトリル系酸化繊維(繊維径14μm:商品名「パイロメックス」東邦テナックス社製)を水蒸気にて950℃で70分かけて賦活し、本発明のACFを得た。得られたACFの特性を表1に示す。
[実施例10]
実施例2のACFについて、粉砕後、旋回気流式ふるい分け測定装置を用い、目開き10μmのふるいを使って分級を行い、ふるいを通過したものを回収することにより繊維の長さの短いACFを得た。そのACFの特性を表1に、繊維の長さの測定結果を表2に、繊維の長さの分布を図4に示す。
[実施例11]
フェノール系ACF(繊維径16μm:商品名「クラクテイブ」クラレケミカル社製)を使用した。そのACFの特性を表1に示す。
[実施例12]
フェノールノボラック繊維(繊維径12μm:商品名「カイノール」群栄化学社製)を、水蒸気にて、900℃で50分間賦活し、本発明のACFを得た。そのACFの特性を表1に、繊維断面の直径の測定結果を表3に示す。
[実施例13]
フェノールノボラック繊維(繊維径38μm:商品名「カイノール」群栄化学社製)を、水蒸気にて、900℃で50分間賦活し、本発明のACFを得た。そのACFの特性を表1に、繊維断面の直径の測定結果を表3に示す。
[実施例14]
フェノールノボラック繊維(繊維径17μm:商品名「カイノール」群栄化学社製)を、水蒸気にて、500℃で10分間賦活し、本発明のACFを得た。そのACFの比表面積は600m2/g未満であった。
[実施例15]
ピッチ系ACF(繊維径15μm:商品名「A-20」アドール社製)を使用した。そのACFの特性を表1に示す。
[実施例16]
レーヨン繊維(繊維径31μm)をリン酸アンモニウム水溶液で処理後、270℃で、空気中2時間酸化処理した後、水蒸気にて、900℃で50分間賦活し、本発明のACFを得た。そのACFの特性を表1に示す。
[実施例17]
フェノール系ACF(繊維径15μm:商品名「クラクテイブ」クラレケミカル社製)を窒素気流下で、900℃まで昇温させた後、水蒸気に切り替え、120分かけ賦活を行った。賦活終了後の降温工程では、再び窒素気流下で反応を停止させ、本発明のACFを得た。そのACFの特性を表1に示す。
[実施例18]
フェノールノボラック繊維(繊維径17μm:商品名「カイノール」群栄化学社製)を、水蒸気にて、900℃で10分間賦活し、本発明のACFを得た。そのACFの特性を表1に示す。
[比較例1]
クレメジン(登録商標、株式会社クレハ「クレメジン細粒」)を使用した。
[食事成分中での尿毒素吸着性能評価]
吸着剤の活性発揮部位として想定される消化管内の食物が存在する状態を反映した条件下で、本発明の経口投与用吸着剤の尿毒素吸着性能を測定し、従来の経口投与用吸着剤と吸着性能を比較するため、経腸栄養剤(半消化態栄養剤)であるエンシュアリキッド中での本発明の経口投与用吸着剤の吸着性能を測定した。比較例1として球状活性炭からなる慢性腎不全治療薬であるクレメジン(登録商標、株式会社クレハ「クレメジン細粒」)を使用し、以下の方法により、インドール酢酸に対する吸着性能を経時的に測定した。
[正常マウスを用いた血清中尿毒素低下作用評価]
得られた実施例2、3、6、7、11~18のACF、及び比較例1の球状活性炭について、マウスへの経口投与による血清中尿毒素濃度の低下作用を評価した。8~9週齢の雄性ICRマウス(日本チャールス・リバー、日本SLC)を群間に偏りのないよう、体重により群分けを行い、媒体投与群と、比較例又は実施例投与群に分けた(n=6~7)。比較例投与群については1日1回5mg、15mg又は30mg、実施例投与群については1日1回5mgを強制経口投与し、投与1週間後、麻酔下で腹部大動脈より採血を実施した。回収した血清の除タンパクを85%アセトニトリルにて行った後、LC-MS/MS(API4000 LC-MS/MS)にて血清中のインドキシル硫酸の測定を行った。比較例と実施例の活性強弱を明確にするため、各群と媒体投与群の血清中インドキシル硫酸値との平均値の差を媒体投与群の血清中インドキシル硫酸値の平均値で割り算し、低下率(%)を計算した。これらの結果を表5及び図2に示す。
Claims (6)
- 活性炭素繊維を有効成分として含有する、経口投与用尿毒素吸着剤。
- 活性炭素繊維が、ミクロポア容積が0.1~2.0mL/gである請求項1に記載の経口投与用尿毒素吸着剤。
- 活性炭素繊維が、繊維の長さが15μm以上、ミクロポア容積が0.5~1.0mL/gである、請求項1又は2に記載の経口投与用尿毒素吸着剤。
- 腎疾患の治療又は予防薬、あるいは透析合併症の治療又は予防薬である請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の経口投与用尿毒素吸着剤。
- 1日当たりの投与量が1~3000mgである請求項1から請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の経口投与用尿毒素吸着剤。
- 繊維断面の直径が5~50μmであり、繊維の長さが15μm以上、BET法で求められる比表面積が1400~2700m2/g、全細孔容積が0.8~1.8mL/g、ミクロポア容積が0.5~1.0mL/gである活性炭素繊維。
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ES12838141.5T ES2655176T3 (es) | 2011-10-07 | 2012-10-05 | Adsorbente administrado por vía oral que contiene fibra de carbono activado |
CN201280049455.1A CN103841981B (zh) | 2011-10-07 | 2012-10-05 | 口服给药用吸附剂 |
EP12838141.5A EP2772261B1 (en) | 2011-10-07 | 2012-10-05 | Orally administered adsorbent containing activated carbon fiber |
RS20180154A RS56902B1 (sr) | 2011-10-07 | 2012-10-05 | Adsorbens koji sadrži aktivirana ugljenična vlakna za oralnu primenu |
SI201231142T SI2772261T1 (en) | 2011-10-07 | 2012-10-05 | An oral administration of an adsorbent containing activated carbon fibers |
SG11201401320QA SG11201401320QA (en) | 2011-10-07 | 2012-10-05 | Orally administered adsorbent |
BR112014008230A BR112014008230A2 (pt) | 2011-10-07 | 2012-10-05 | adsorvente de toxina urêmica para administração oral, e, fibra de carbono ativado |
NO12838141A NO2772261T3 (ja) | 2011-10-07 | 2012-10-05 | |
DK12838141.5T DK2772261T3 (en) | 2011-10-07 | 2012-10-05 | ORAL ADMINISTRATED ADSORBENT CONTAINING ACTIVATED CARBON FIBER |
KR1020147008898A KR101890458B1 (ko) | 2011-10-07 | 2012-10-05 | 경구투여용 흡착제 |
CA2851215A CA2851215C (en) | 2011-10-07 | 2012-10-05 | Adsorbents for oral administration |
NZ623528A NZ623528B2 (en) | 2011-10-07 | 2012-10-05 | Orally administered adsorbent |
LTEP12838141.5T LT2772261T (lt) | 2011-10-07 | 2012-10-05 | Peroraliai skiriamas adsorbentas, turintis aktyvuotos anglies pluošto |
MX2014003791A MX362027B (es) | 2011-10-07 | 2012-10-05 | Adsorbentes para la administración oral. |
AU2012319495A AU2012319495B2 (en) | 2011-10-07 | 2012-10-05 | Orally administered adsorbent |
PL12838141T PL2772261T3 (pl) | 2011-10-07 | 2012-10-05 | Doustnie podawany adsorbent zawierający włókna węgla aktywowanego |
JP2013537564A JP5781164B2 (ja) | 2011-10-07 | 2012-10-05 | 経口投与用吸着剤 |
MEP-2018-38A ME02959B (me) | 2011-10-07 | 2012-10-05 | Adsorbens koji sadrži aktivirana ugljenična vlakna za oralnu primenu |
US14/349,512 US9682046B2 (en) | 2011-10-07 | 2012-10-05 | Adsorbents for oral administration |
RU2014118448/15A RU2583934C2 (ru) | 2011-10-07 | 2012-10-05 | Адсорбенты для перорального введения |
IL231680A IL231680B (en) | 2011-10-07 | 2014-03-24 | Activated carbon fiber for treating or preventing kidney disease or dialysis complications |
ZA2014/02500A ZA201402500B (en) | 2011-10-07 | 2014-04-04 | Orally administered adsorbent |
HRP20171970TT HRP20171970T1 (hr) | 2011-10-07 | 2017-12-19 | Oralno primijenjeni adsorbent koji sadrži aktivno ugljično vlakno |
CY20181100128T CY1119877T1 (el) | 2011-10-07 | 2018-02-01 | Χορηγουμενο απο το στομα προσροφητικο που περιεχει ινα ενεργου ανθρακα |
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EP (1) | EP2772261B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5781164B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101890458B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN103841981B (ja) |
AR (1) | AR088255A1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2012319495B2 (ja) |
BR (1) | BR112014008230A2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2851215C (ja) |
CY (1) | CY1119877T1 (ja) |
DK (1) | DK2772261T3 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2655176T3 (ja) |
HR (1) | HRP20171970T1 (ja) |
HU (1) | HUE036432T2 (ja) |
IL (1) | IL231680B (ja) |
LT (1) | LT2772261T (ja) |
ME (1) | ME02959B (ja) |
MX (1) | MX362027B (ja) |
MY (1) | MY167387A (ja) |
NO (1) | NO2772261T3 (ja) |
PL (1) | PL2772261T3 (ja) |
PT (1) | PT2772261T (ja) |
RS (1) | RS56902B1 (ja) |
RU (1) | RU2583934C2 (ja) |
SG (1) | SG11201401320QA (ja) |
SI (1) | SI2772261T1 (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI625122B (ja) |
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- 2012-10-05 HU HUE12838141A patent/HUE036432T2/hu unknown
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WO2016046910A1 (ja) * | 2014-09-24 | 2016-03-31 | 株式会社パワージャパンプリュス | 経口吸着剤および経口吸着剤の製造方法 |
JPWO2016046910A1 (ja) * | 2014-09-24 | 2017-06-22 | 株式会社パワージャパンプリュス | 経口吸着剤および経口吸着剤の製造方法 |
US20160296558A1 (en) * | 2015-04-10 | 2016-10-13 | Bio-Medical Carbon Technology Co., Ltd. | Adsorbent for reducing uremic toxins in vivo |
WO2017205806A1 (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2017-11-30 | Gastroklenz Inc. | Systems and methods for gastric dialysis |
US11383011B2 (en) | 2016-05-27 | 2022-07-12 | Gastroklenz Inc. | Systems and methods for gastric dialysis |
RU2690951C1 (ru) * | 2018-08-02 | 2019-06-07 | федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова" Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации | Способ профилактики инфекционных осложнений, связанных с установкой перитонеального катетера, у больных хронической болезнью почек с5 на перитонеальном диализе |
JP2020180094A (ja) * | 2019-04-26 | 2020-11-05 | 森永乳業株式会社 | 腎機能障害予防又は改善用組成物、並びに、該腎機能障害予防又は改善用組成物を用いた医薬品組成物及び飲食品組成物 |
JP7309436B2 (ja) | 2019-04-26 | 2023-07-18 | 森永乳業株式会社 | 腎機能障害予防又は改善用組成物、並びに、該腎機能障害予防又は改善用組成物を用いた医薬品組成物及び飲食品組成物 |
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