Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
  • C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a liquid crystal alignment agent, a liquid crystal alignment film, and a liquid crystal display element.
• Liquid crystal display elements are currently widely used as display devices.
• a liquid crystal alignment film which is a constituent member of a liquid crystal display element, is a film that uniformly arranges liquid crystals.
• display defects such as display unevenness and afterimages are liable to occur. Occurrence of display defects may involve ionic impurities in the liquid crystal, and as a method for reducing these impurities, a proposal as in Patent Document 1 has been made.
• liquid crystal alignment film an alignment process called rubbing is generally performed by rubbing the surface of the polymer film with a cloth.
• the rubbing resistance of the liquid crystal alignment film is insufficient, the film is scraped to generate scratches or dust, or the film itself is peeled off, thereby degrading the display quality of the liquid crystal display element.
• the liquid crystal alignment film is required to have high rubbing resistance, and methods as disclosed in Patent Documents 2 to 5 have been proposed.
• JP 2002-323701 A JP-A-7-120769 JP-A-9-146100 JP 2008-90297 A JP-A-9-258229 International Publication No. 2004/053583
• an object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal alignment film having good liquid crystal alignment and rubbing resistance, a low ion density, and a small accumulated charge in an FFS mode liquid crystal display element.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal aligning agent capable of obtaining the liquid crystal aligning film.
• an object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display element having excellent display quality.
• the present inventor has conducted extensive research. As a result, the tetracarboxylic dianhydride having an alicyclic structure or an aliphatic structure, a diamine having a urea structure, and 2 polymerization reaction sites are included. It has been found that the above object can be achieved by a liquid crystal aligning agent containing a polyamic acid obtained by using a diamine having a secondary amine.
• the present invention has the following gist. 1.
• a diamine containing a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component containing a tetracarboxylic dianhydride having an alicyclic structure or an aliphatic structure, a diamine having a urea structure, and a diamine having a secondary amine at the polymerization reaction site Liquid crystal aligning agent containing the polyamic acid obtained by reaction with a component.
• liquid crystal aligning agent according to 1, wherein the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component contains 50 mol% or more of a tetracarboxylic dianhydride having an alicyclic structure or an aliphatic structure.
• liquid crystal aligning agent according to any one of 1 to 3, wherein the diamine component contains 10 to 70 mol% of a diamine having a urea structure.
• liquid crystal aligning agent according to any one of 1 to 4, wherein the diamine having a secondary amine at the polymerization reaction site is a diamine represented by the following formula (1).
• X represents an aromatic ring
• R 1 represents an alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms
• R 2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
• liquid crystal aligning agent according to any one of 1 to 5, wherein the diamine having a urea structure is a diamine represented by the following formula (2).
• Y represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom
• R 3 and R 4 each independently represents an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
• Z 1 and Z 2 each independently represents a single atom. Represents a bond, —O—, —S—, —OCO—, or —COO—.
• a liquid crystal display element comprising the liquid crystal alignment film of 8.7.
• the liquid crystal display device has a high alignment control function for liquid crystal, that is, has excellent liquid crystal alignment properties, high rubbing resistance, low ion density when used as a liquid crystal display device, and further FFS mode liquid crystal display.
• a liquid crystal aligning agent with little accumulated charge in the device
• a liquid crystal aligning film obtained using the liquid crystal aligning agent
• a liquid crystal display device comprising the liquid crystal aligning film.
• the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention contains a polyamic acid obtained by reacting a diamine component and a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component.
• the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component that is a raw material of polyamic acid contains a tetracarboxylic dianhydride having an alicyclic structure or an aliphatic structure, and is a diamine component that is a raw material of polyamic acid Contains a diamine having a urea structure and a diamine having a secondary amine at the polymerization reaction site.
• the tetracarboxylic dianhydride contained in the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component and the diamine contained in the diamine component may each be one kind or plural kinds.
• the diamine contained in the diamine component and the tetracarboxylic dianhydride contained in the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component will be described in detail.
• ⁇ Diamine having secondary amine at polymerization reaction site> As a specific example of a diamine having a secondary amine at a polymerization reaction site contained as an essential component in the diamine component which is a raw material of the polyamic acid contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention, for example, it is represented by the following formula (1). Diamines. Of course, the diamine component is a secondary amine in the polymerization reaction site other than the diamine represented by the formula (1) in place of the diamine represented by the formula (1) or together with the diamine represented by the formula (1).
• the polymerization reaction site is a site that reacts with the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component, and a secondary amine of a diamine having a secondary amine at the polymerization reaction site, that is, —NH— is a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component. React with.
• X represents an aromatic ring
• R 1 represents an alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms
• R 2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
• X in the formula is a site for giving an aromatic amine site to a diamine having a secondary amine at the polymerization reaction site, and is not particularly limited as long as it is an aromatic ring.
• X is preferably phenylene or naphthalene from the viewpoint of availability of raw materials, easiness of synthesis, liquid crystal orientation, and the like, and phenylene is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of versatility.
• the substitution position of R 1 is preferably a meta position or a para position.
• R 1 represents an alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms. From the viewpoint of imparting solubility of the polymer (polyamic acid), R 1 may be branched or have a ring structure within this carbon number range, but from the viewpoint of liquid crystal orientation and rubbing resistance, a linear structure From the viewpoint of availability of the reagent, an alkylene group having 1 or 2 carbon atoms is particularly preferable.
• R 2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and may have a linear or branched structure.
• a group as small as possible is preferable, and a methyl group or an ethyl group is particularly preferable.
• the content of the diamine having a secondary amine at the polymerization reaction site such as the diamine represented by the formula (1) is preferably 10 to 70 mol% of the total diamine component, but has a high rubbing resistance and a small accumulated charge amount. From the viewpoint of compatibility, it is more preferably 15 to 65 mol%, particularly preferably 20 to 60 mol%.
• diamine having a urea structure included as an essential component in the diamine component that is a raw material of the polyamic acid contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention include diamines represented by the following formula (2).
• the diamine component contains a diamine having a urea structure other than the diamine represented by the formula (2) instead of the diamine represented by the formula (2) or together with the diamine represented by the formula (2). You may do it.
• Y represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom
• R 3 and R 4 each independently represents an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
• Z 1 and Z 2 each independently represents a single bond. , -O-, -S-, -OCO-, or -COO-.
• Y when Y is an oxygen atom, it is a urea group, and when Y is a sulfur atom, it is a thiourea group (hereinafter, the urea group and the thiourea group may be collectively referred to as (thio) urea group).
• the urea group and the thiourea group may be collectively referred to as (thio) urea group).
• a urea group or a thiourea group has a urea structure.
• both oxygen atoms and sulfur atoms are atoms with high electronegativity.
• two hydrogen atoms with high donor properties exist on the nitrogen atom. Therefore, the oxygen or sulfur atom of the (thio) urea group is relatively strongly self-assembled by non-covalent bonding with two hydrogen atoms of another (thio) urea group.
• the urea structure of a diamine having a urea structure is preferably a urea group
• Y in Formula (2) is preferably an oxygen atom. This is because the oxygen atom has a higher electronegativity than the oxygen atom and the sulfur atom, and therefore the urea structure is stronger and more likely to self-assemble than the thiourea structure.
• the liquid crystal aligning agent of this invention has (thio) urea group derived from diamine which has urea structures, such as diamine represented by Formula (2), in a polymer chain (polyamic acid chain). For this reason, rubbing tolerance can be improved by electrostatic interaction (non-covalent bond) between (thio) urea groups.
• the present invention is different from a method for improving rubbing resistance by connecting polymer chains generally used in the field of liquid crystal alignment films with a crosslinking agent.
• R 3 and R 4 each independently represent an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and the structure thereof may be either linear or branched. Specific examples include methylene group, ethylene group, trimethylene group, 1-methylethylene group, 2-methylethylene group and the like. Among these, from the viewpoint of liquid crystal alignment and rubbing resistance, a structure having as many free rotation sites as possible and having a small steric hindrance is preferable, and specifically, a methylene group, an ethylene group, and a trimethylene group are preferable.
• Z 1 and Z 2 are each independently a single bond, —O—, —S—, —OCO—, or —COO—.
• the structures of Z 1 and Z 2 are preferably as flexible as possible and have as little steric hindrance as possible from the viewpoint of liquid crystal orientation and rubbing resistance, and are preferably a single bond, —O—, or —S—.
• the structure between the (thio) urea group and the benzene ring is preferably symmetrical about the (thio) urea group in the sense of forming a film having a high film density and forming a stronger liquid crystal alignment film.
• —R 3 —Z 1 — and —R 4 —Z 2 — preferably have the same structure.
• diamines represented by the formula (2) compounds represented by the following formulas (2-a) to (2-c) are preferable.
• R 11 and R 21 are both an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
• R 12 and R 22 are alkylene groups having 1 to 3 carbon atoms which are different from each other.
• R 13 and R 23 are each independently an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
• the bonding position of the amino group (—NH 2 ) on the benzene ring is not particularly limited, but is preferably a 3-aminophenyl structure or a 4-aminophenyl structure from the viewpoint of liquid crystal alignment.
• a 4-aminophenyl structure is preferred.
• the formula (2) is preferably any one of the following formulas (2-1), (2-2), and (2-3), and particularly preferably the formula (2-1).
• Z 1 , Z 2 , R 3, and R 4 have the same definitions as in the formula (2).
• formula (2) examples include compounds represented by formula (2-4) to formula (2-15). Among these, it is particularly preferable to use diamines represented by the above formulas (2-8) to (2-11).
• the content of the diamine represented by the formula (2) is preferably 10 to 70 mol% of the total diamine component, but is more preferably 15 to 65 mol% from the viewpoint of achieving both high rubbing resistance and a small amount of accumulated charge, 20 to 60 mol% is particularly preferable.
• a diamine component that is a raw material of polyamic acid in addition to a diamine having a secondary amine at the polymerization reaction site or a diamine having a urea structure, It is also possible to contain other diamine compounds. Specific examples of other diamine compounds are listed below.
• the other diamine compounds mentioned above are of one type depending on characteristics such as volume resistivity, rubbing resistance, ion density characteristics, transmittance, liquid crystal alignment characteristics, voltage holding characteristics and accumulated charges when used as a liquid crystal alignment film. Alternatively, two or more types can be mixed and used.
• the tetracarboxylic dianhydride having an alicyclic structure or an aliphatic structure contained as an essential component in the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component that is a raw material of the polyamic acid contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is, for example, It is a tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the formula (3).
• the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component is replaced with the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the formula (3) or together with the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the formula (3).
• the tetracarboxylic dianhydride which has alicyclic structure or aliphatic structure other than the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by this may be contained.
• a tetracarboxylic dianhydride having an alicyclic structure or an aliphatic structure and a tetracarboxylic dianhydride other than a tetracarboxylic dianhydride having an alicyclic structure or an aliphatic structure may be contained. Good.
• R 5 represents a tetravalent hydrocarbon group having an alicyclic structure or an aliphatic structure.
• the alicyclic structure is a structure having a carbocyclic ring having no aromaticity, such as cycloalkane or cycloalkene.
• the aliphatic structure is a chain hydrocarbon group such as a paraffin hydrocarbon group, an olefin hydrocarbon group, an acetylene hydrocarbon group (for example, the chain hydrocarbon group has a total of 4 carbon atoms).
• Specific examples of R 5 include tetravalent groups represented by the following formulas (3-1) to (3-30).
• the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component is represented by formulas (3-1) to (3-25) and R 5 having an alicyclic structure or an aliphatic structure such as formula (3-30) is preferred.
• R 5 is a group represented by the formula (3-1), the formula (3-2), the formula (3-6), the formula (3-25) and the formula (3-
• a tetracarboxylic dianhydride selected from the group consisting of 30 it is preferable because a liquid crystal alignment film with less accumulated charge can be obtained.
• the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component preferably contains an aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride.
• an aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride is preferably 50 mol% or less, more preferably 30 mol% or less, based on the total amount of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component.
• aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride examples include tetracarboxylic dianhydrides represented by the following formula (4).
• R 6 is a group having an aromatic structure.
• the aromatic structure is a structure having an aromatic ring showing aromaticity such as a benzene ring.
• Specific examples of R 6 include tetravalent groups represented by the following formulas (3-31) to (3-47).
• the method for obtaining the polyamic acid contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention by reacting the diamine component and the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component (hereinafter also simply referred to as tetracarboxylic dianhydride) is particularly limited.
• a known method can be applied.
• a diamine component and a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component are mixed in an organic solvent to cause a polymerization reaction to obtain a polyamic acid.
• the solution in which the diamine component is dispersed or dissolved in the organic solvent is stirred, and the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component is used as it is, or A method of adding by dispersing or dissolving in an organic solvent, a method of adding a diamine component to a solution in which a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component is dispersed or dissolved in an organic solvent, and alternating a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component and a diamine component And the like.
• the plurality of types of components may be preliminarily mixed and polymerized separately or sequentially. May be.
• the temperature at which the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component and the diamine component are subjected to a polymerization reaction in an organic solvent is usually 0 to 150 ° C., preferably 5 to 100 ° C., more preferably 10 to 80 ° C. The higher the temperature, the faster the polymerization reaction ends. However, when the temperature is too high, a high molecular weight polymer (polyamic acid) may not be obtained.
• the polymerization reaction can be carried out at any charge concentration, but if the charge concentration is too low, it will be difficult to obtain a high molecular weight polymer, and if the charge concentration is too high, the reaction solution will become too viscous and uniform.
• the amount is preferably 1 to 50% by mass, more preferably 5 to 30% by mass.
• the initial stage of the polymerization reaction may be performed at a high concentration, and then an organic solvent may be added.
• the charged concentration is the concentration of the total mass of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component and the diamine component.
• the organic solvent used in the above reaction is not particularly limited as long as the generated polyamic acid is soluble.
• Specific examples include N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-methylcaprolactam, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetramethyl urea, pyridine, dimethyl sulfone, hexamethyl sulfoxide or and ⁇ -butyrolactone. These may be used alone or in combination.
• the solvent may be used by mixing with the above solvent as long as the produced polyamic acid does not precipitate.
• the ratio of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component to the diamine component used in the polymerization reaction for obtaining the polyamic acid is preferably 1: 0.8 to 1: 1.2 in terms of molar ratio, and this molar ratio is 1: The closer to 1, the greater the molecular weight of the polyamic acid obtained. If the molecular weight of the polyamic acid is too small, the strength of the coating film obtained therefrom may be insufficient. Conversely, if the molecular weight of the polyamic acid is too large, the viscosity of the liquid crystal aligning agent produced therefrom will increase. Thus, workability during coating film formation and uniformity of the coating film may be deteriorated. Therefore, the weight average molecular weight of the polyamic acid used in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is preferably 2,000 to 500,000, more preferably 5,000 to 300,000.
• the liquid crystal aligning agent of this invention contains 1 or more types of polyamic acid obtained by making it above.
• a liquid crystal aligning agent containing a polyamic acid obtained by reaction of such a specific diamine component and a specific tetracarboxylic dianhydride component as shown in the examples described later, good liquid crystal alignment properties
• a liquid crystal alignment film having rubbing resistance, low ion density, and low accumulated charge in the FFS mode liquid crystal display element can be obtained.
• the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is usually a coating solution in which the polyamic acid is dissolved in an organic solvent, but the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention can be used as long as a uniform thin film can be formed on the substrate. May take other forms.
• the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention contains a tetracarboxylic dianhydride containing the above-described tetracarboxylic dianhydride having an alicyclic structure or an aliphatic structure, as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
• a polymer having another structure may be contained together with a polyamic acid obtained by a reaction between an anhydride component, a diamine having a urea structure and a diamine component having a diamine having a secondary amine at the polymerization reaction site.
• Examples of the polymer having another structure include a polyamic acid having a molecular structure different from the above-described polyamic acid, a polyamic acid ester, and the like.
• a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component containing the above-described tetracarboxylic dianhydride having an alicyclic structure or an aliphatic structure And a polyamic acid content obtained by a reaction between a diamine having a urea structure and a diamine component containing a diamine having a secondary amine at the polymerization reaction site, with respect to the total amount (100 mol%) of the polymer component, % To 80 mol% is preferred.
• the organic solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent is not particularly limited as long as it contains a polymer component such as polyamic acid contained therein.
• Specific examples of the organic solvent include N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-methylcaprolactam, 2-pyrrolidone, N-ethylpyrrolidone, N-vinylpyrrolidone, dimethyl Examples thereof include sulfoxide, tetramethylurea, pyridine, dimethylsulfone, hexamethylsulfoxide, ⁇ -butyrolactone, and 1,3-dimethyl-imidazolidinone. You may use these 1 type or in mixture of 2 or more types.
• ethyl cellosolve, butyl cellosolve, ethyl carbitol, butyl carbitol, ethyl carbitol acetate ethylene glycol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 1-ethoxy-2-propanol, 1-butoxy-2-propanol, 1-phenoxy -2-propanol, propylene glycol monoacetate, propylene glycol diacetate, propylene glycol-1-monomethyl ether-2-acetate, propylene glycol-1-monoethyl ether-2-acetate, dipropylene glycol, 2- (2-ethoxy Propoxy) propanol, lactate methyl ester, lactate ethyl ester, lactate N-propyl ester, lactate N-butyl ester
• the amount of the solvent having a low surface tension is more preferably 5 to 80% by mass, and further preferably 20 to 60% by mass with respect to the total solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent.
• the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention may contain various additives in addition to the polymer component and the organic solvent.
• a fluorine-based surfactant for example, as an additive for improving film thickness uniformity and surface smoothness, a fluorine-based surfactant, a silicone-based surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, and the like can be given.
• F-top EF301, EF303, EF352 manufactured by Tochem Products
• Megafac F171, F173, R-30 manufactured by Dainippon Ink
• Florard FC430, FC431 manufactured by Sumitomo 3M
• Asahi Guard AG710 Surflon S-382, SC101, SC102, SC103, SC104, SC105, SC106 (manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.).
• the use ratio of these surfactants is preferably 0.01 to 2 parts by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 1 part by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymer component contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent. is there.
• additives that improve the adhesion between the liquid crystal alignment film and the substrate include functional silane-containing compounds and epoxy group-containing compounds.
• the amount of these compounds added is preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymer component contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent. If it is less than 0.1 part by mass, the effect of improving the adhesion cannot be expected, and if it exceeds 30 parts by mass, the liquid crystal orientation may be deteriorated.
• a dielectric or conductive material can be added for the purpose of changing the electrical properties such as the dielectric constant and conductivity of the liquid crystal aligning film.
• a crosslinkable compound or the like may be added for the purpose of increasing the density.
• the concentration of the solid content in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention can be appropriately changed depending on the film thickness of the target liquid crystal aligning film. Is preferably from 1 to 20% by mass, more preferably from 2 to 10% by mass.
• the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is applied to a substrate and baked, and then subjected to an alignment treatment such as rubbing treatment or light irradiation, or when applied to a vertical alignment liquid crystal display element, without the alignment treatment.
• the substrate used in this case is not particularly limited as long as it is a highly transparent substrate, and a glass substrate or a plastic substrate such as an acrylic substrate and a polycarbonate substrate can be used, but ITO (Indium for driving liquid crystal) can be used. It is preferable to use a substrate on which (Tin Oxide) electrodes and the like are formed from the viewpoint of simplification of the process.
• an opaque substrate such as a silicon wafer can be used as long as the substrate is only on one side. In this case, a material that reflects light, such as aluminum, can be used as the electrode.
• the method for applying the liquid crystal aligning agent is not particularly limited, but industrially, a method of screen printing, offset printing, flexographic printing, inkjet, or the like is generally used. Other coating methods include a dipping method, a method using a roll coater, a slit coater, a spinner, or the like, and may be appropriately selected from these according to the purpose.
• the substrate coated with the liquid crystal aligning agent can be baked at an arbitrary temperature of 100 to 350 ° C., preferably 150 to 300 ° C., more preferably 180 to 250 ° C.
• the polyamic acid in the liquid crystal aligning agent and the polyamic acid ester contained as necessary change the conversion rate to polyimide depending on the firing temperature, but the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention does not necessarily need to be imidized 100%.
• the firing time can be set to an arbitrary time, but if the firing time is too short, display failure may occur due to the influence of the residual solvent. Therefore, it is preferably 5 to 60 minutes, more preferably 10 to 40 minutes. It is.
• the thickness of the coating film after baking is preferably 5 to 300 nm, more preferably 10 to 100 nm.
• the fired coating film is treated by rubbing or irradiation with polarized ultraviolet rays.
• the liquid crystal display element of the present invention is a liquid crystal display element obtained by obtaining a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film from the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention by the method described above, and then preparing a liquid crystal cell by a known method.
• liquid crystal cell fabrication is as follows. First, a pair of substrates on which a liquid crystal alignment film is formed are prepared. Next, spacers are dispersed on the liquid crystal alignment film of one substrate, the other substrate is bonded so that the liquid crystal alignment film surface is on the inside, and then liquid crystal is injected under reduced pressure to seal. Alternatively, after the liquid crystal is dropped on the liquid crystal alignment film surface on which the spacers are dispersed, the substrate may be bonded to perform sealing.
• the thickness of the spacer at this time is preferably 1 to 30 ⁇ m, more preferably 2 to 10 ⁇ m.
• the liquid crystal display element produced using the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is excellent in display quality and reliability, and can be suitably used for a large-screen high-definition liquid crystal television.
• the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention As described above, by using the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention, there are few scratches and scratches on the film surface during the rubbing treatment, the liquid crystal orientation is good, and the liquid crystal display element has a low ion density. An alignment film can be obtained.
• the liquid crystal alignment film obtained using the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention has a remarkably high volume resistivity as compared with a general polyamic acid because of the influence of the secondary amine structure and the urea structure. is doing.
• the value is equivalent to a soluble polyimide that is said to have a high volume resistivity.
• an FFS mode liquid crystal display element using a liquid crystal alignment film obtained by using the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention has a small amount of accumulated charge and can provide a high-quality liquid crystal display element having a low afterimage level.
• the liquid crystal alignment film obtained by using the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention has a high volume resistivity, but since the amount of accumulated charges is very small, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of afterimages, and it takes time to erase afterimages. It can be said that this problem does not occur.
• the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention can be used not only to form a liquid crystal alignment film that is aligned by rubbing, but also to form a photo-alignment liquid crystal alignment film, that is, a liquid crystal alignment film that is aligned by light irradiation. It is.
• CA-1 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride
• CA-2 pyromellitic dianhydride
• CA-3 bicyclo [3,3,0] octane-2,4,6,8 -Tetracarboxylic dianhydride
• DA-1 4- (2- (methylamino) ethyl) aniline
• DA-2 1,3-bis (4-aminophenethyl) urea
• DA-3 3-((methylamino) Methyl) aniline
• DA-4 1,5-bis (4-aminophenoxy) pentane
• DA-5 p-phenylenediamine
• DA-6 4,4′-diaminodiphenylamine
• the viscosity of the polyamic acid solution was an E-type viscometer TVE-22H (manufactured by Toki Sangyo Co., Ltd.), sample volume 1.1 mL, cone rotor TE-1 (1 ° 34 ′, R24 ), Measured at a temperature of 25 ° C.
• Solid concentration measurement In the synthesis example or the comparative synthesis example, the solid content concentration of the polyamic acid solution was calculated as follows.
• the polyamic acid solution obtained in the synthesis example or the comparative synthesis example is filtered through a 1.0 ⁇ m filter, and then applied by spin coating on a glass substrate with an ITO solid electrode (ITO film is provided on the entire surface of the glass substrate). Then, after drying on a hot plate at 50 ° C. for 5 minutes, it was baked at 230 ° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a polyimide film having a thickness of 100 nm.
• the polyimide film is rubbed with a rayon cloth (roller diameter: 120 mm, roller rotation speed: 1000 rpm, moving speed: 20 mm / sec, indentation length: 0.3 mm), and then irradiated with ultrasonic waves in pure water for 1 minute. After washing and removing water droplets by air blow, drying was performed at 80 ° C. for 15 minutes to obtain a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film. Two substrates with such a liquid crystal alignment film are prepared, a 6 ⁇ m spacer is set on the liquid crystal alignment film surface of one substrate, and then the rubbing directions of the two substrates are combined so that they are antiparallel. The periphery was sealed, and an empty cell with a cell gap of 6 ⁇ m was produced. Liquid crystal (MLC-2041, manufactured by Merck & Co., Inc.) was vacuum-injected into this cell at room temperature, and the inlet was sealed to obtain an anti-parallel liquid crystal cell.
• MLC-2041 manufactured by Merck & Co
• Voltage holding ratio measurement Using the vertical electric field liquid crystal cell produced as described above, measurement was performed with a VHR-1 type voltage holding ratio measurement system manufactured by Toyo Corporation. In the measurement, an AC voltage of ⁇ 4 V was applied for 60 ⁇ sec, and the voltage after 16.67 msec was measured, and the fluctuation from the initial value was calculated as the voltage holding ratio. During the measurement, the temperature of the liquid crystal cell was set to 60 ° C., 98% or more was “good”, and less than 98% was “bad”.
• the polyamic acid solution obtained in the synthesis example or the comparative synthesis example is filtered through a 1.0 ⁇ m filter, spin-coated on a glass substrate with an ITO transparent electrode, dried on a hot plate at 70 ° C. for 2 minutes, and 230 The film was baked at 15 ° C. for 15 minutes to form a coating film (liquid crystal alignment film) having a film thickness of about 220 nm.
• a coating film liquid crystal alignment film
• Aluminum was vapor-deposited on the surface of the coating film through a mask to form a 1.0 mm ⁇ upper electrode (aluminum electrode), which was used as a sample for volume resistivity measurement.
• a voltage of 5 V is applied between the ITO electrode and the aluminum electrode of this sample, the current value 180 seconds after the voltage application is measured, and the volume resistivity is calculated from the measured value of the electrode area and the film thickness. did.
• the first layer on the glass substrate is a 50 nm thick IZO (Indium Zinc Oxide) solid electrode, and the second layer is 500 nm thick.
• a silicon nitride insulating film is applied by spin coating onto a substrate capable of FFS mode driving having an IZO comb-teeth electrode (electrode width: 3 ⁇ m, electrode interval: 6 ⁇ m) having a thickness of 50 nm as the third layer, on a hot plate at 50 ° C. And then dried at 230 ° C.
• a polyimide film having a thickness of 100 nm.
• This polyimide film is rubbed with a rayon cloth (roller diameter: 120 mm, roller rotation speed: 500 rpm, moving speed: 30 mm / sec, indentation length: 0.3 mm, rubbing direction: inclined by 10 ° with respect to the third layer IZO comb-teeth electrode.
• the substrate was cleaned by irradiating with ultrasonic waves in pure water for 1 minute, and water droplets were removed by air blowing, followed by drying at 80 ° C. for 15 minutes to obtain a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film.
• a liquid crystal alignment in which a polyimide film is formed in the same manner as described above on a glass substrate having a columnar spacer having a height of 4 ⁇ m on which an electrode is not formed as a counter substrate, and subjected to an alignment process in the same manner as described above.
• a substrate with a film was obtained.
• Liquid crystal ZLI-4792, manufactured by Merck & Co., Inc.
• this polyamic acid solution is placed in a 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask containing a stir bar, 55.1 g of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and 1.0 mass% N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solution of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. 16.5 g and 60.0 g of butyl cellosolve were added and stirred for 2 hours to obtain a polyamic acid solution having a solid content concentration of 5.7% by mass.
• this polyamic acid solution is placed in a 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask containing a stir bar, 48.0 g of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and 1.0% by mass of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solution of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. 16.5 g and 60.0 g of butyl cellosolve were added and stirred for 2 hours to obtain a polyamic acid solution having a solid content concentration of 5.7% by mass.
• Methyl-2-pyrrolidone was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a solution of polyamic acid (A-7).
• the viscosity of this polyamic acid solution at a temperature of 25 ° C. was 196 mPa ⁇ s.
• Table 1 shows the blending in the above synthesis examples and comparative synthesis examples.
• Example 1 As a result of each evaluation and measurement of the polyamic acid solution containing the polyamic acid (A-1) obtained in Synthesis Example 1, the rubbing resistance was “good”, the liquid crystal orientation was “good”, and the voltage holding ratio Is 98.8% “good”, the ion density is “good” at 6 pC / cm 2 , the volume resistivity is 1.9 ⁇ 10 15 ⁇ ⁇ cm, the residual DC is 1.05 V after 10 minutes, and 1 after 20 minutes. 0.08 V, 60 minutes later, 1.11 V, “good”.
• Example 2 As a result of each evaluation and measurement of the polyamic acid solution containing the polyamic acid (A-2) obtained in Synthesis Example 2, the rubbing resistance was “good”, the liquid crystal orientation was “good”, and the voltage holding ratio Is 98.7% “good”, the ion density is 0 pC / cm 2 “good”, and the residual DC is 10 minutes 0.87 V, 20 minutes 0.96 V, 60 minutes 0.99 V “good”. there were.
• Example 3 As a result of each evaluation and measurement of the polyamic acid solution containing the polyamic acid (A-3) obtained in Synthesis Example 3, the rubbing resistance was “good”, the liquid crystal orientation was “good”, and the voltage holding ratio Is 98.4% “good”, ion density is 59 pC / cm 2 “good”, residual DC is 0.69 V after 10 minutes, 0.74 V after 20 minutes, 0.81 V after 60 minutes, “good” there were.
• Example 4 As a result of each evaluation and measurement of the polyamic acid solution containing the polyamic acid (A-4) obtained in Synthesis Example 4, the rubbing resistance was “good”, the liquid crystal orientation was “good”, and the voltage holding ratio Is “good” at 98.1%, the ion density is “good” at 73 pC / cm 2 , and the residual DC is “good” at 1.03 V after 10 minutes, 1.06 V after 20 minutes, and 1.14 V after 60 minutes. there were.
• Example 5 As a result of each evaluation and measurement of the polyamic acid solution containing the polyamic acid (A-5) obtained in Synthesis Example 5, the rubbing resistance was “good”, the liquid crystal orientation was “good”, and the voltage holding ratio Is 99.1% “good”, the ion density is “good” at 2 pC / cm 2 , the residual DC is 0.38 V after 10 minutes, 0.52 V after 20 minutes, 0.65 V after 60 minutes, “good”. there were.
• Example 6 As a result of each evaluation and measurement of the polyamic acid solution containing the polyamic acid (A-6) obtained in Synthesis Example 6, the rubbing resistance was “good”, the liquid crystal orientation was “good”, and the voltage holding ratio Is “good” at 98.1%, the ion density is “good” at 13 pC / cm 2 , and the residual DC is “good” at 1.28 V after 10 minutes, 1.43 V after 20 minutes, and 1.50 V after 60 minutes. there were.
• Example 7 As a result of each evaluation and measurement of the polyamic acid solution containing the polyamic acid (A-7) obtained in Synthesis Example 7, the rubbing resistance was “good”, the liquid crystal orientation was “good”, and the voltage holding ratio 98.5% is “good”, the ion density is “good” at 8 pC / cm 2 , the residual DC is 0.61 V after 10 minutes, 0.71 V after 20 minutes, 0.79 V after 60 minutes and “good”. there were.
• Example 8> As a result of each evaluation and measurement of the polyamic acid solution containing the polyamic acid (A-8) obtained in Synthesis Example 8, the rubbing resistance was “good”, the liquid crystal orientation was “good”, and the voltage holding ratio Is “good” at 98.7%, the ion density is “good” at 0 pC / cm 2 , and the residual DC is “good” at 1.58 V after 10 minutes, 1.79 V after 20 minutes, and 1.88 V after 60 minutes. there were.
• Example 9 As a result of each evaluation and measurement of the polyamic acid solution containing the polyamic acid (A-9) obtained in Synthesis Example 9, the rubbing resistance was “good”, the liquid crystal orientation was “good”, and the voltage holding ratio Is “good” at 98.8%, the ion density is “good” at 0 pC / cm 2 , and the residual DC is “good” at 1.15 V after 10 minutes, 1.39 V after 20 minutes, and 1.51 V after 60 minutes. there were.
• Examples 1 to 10 using the liquid crystal aligning agent (polyamic acid solution) of the present invention were excellent in liquid crystal alignment, high rubbing resistance, and low ion density.
• the residual DC in the FFS mode is low, the accumulated charge in the liquid crystal display element is small.
• the voltage holding ratio was also good.
• Examples 2 to 10 using each of the polyamic acid solutions of Synthesis Examples 2 to 10 also had high volume resistivity.
• liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention By using the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention, it is possible to obtain a liquid crystal aligning film having excellent rubbing resistance, good liquid crystal aligning property, high voltage holding ratio and low ion density when used as a liquid crystal display element. Moreover, since the liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention has a small amount of accumulated charge in the FFS mode liquid crystal display element, it can be used in an FFS mode liquid crystal display element that requires high display quality.

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