WO2012133696A1 - 複合粒子製造装置および複合粒子の製造方法 - Google Patents
複合粒子製造装置および複合粒子の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012133696A1 WO2012133696A1 PCT/JP2012/058453 JP2012058453W WO2012133696A1 WO 2012133696 A1 WO2012133696 A1 WO 2012133696A1 JP 2012058453 W JP2012058453 W JP 2012058453W WO 2012133696 A1 WO2012133696 A1 WO 2012133696A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
- B01J2/10—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic in stationary drums or troughs, provided with kneading or mixing appliances
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/007—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials using an electrostatic field
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C19/00—Apparatus specially adapted for applying particulate materials to surfaces
- B05C19/06—Storage, supply or control of the application of particulate material; Recovery of excess particulate material
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a manufacturing apparatus and a manufacturing method for manufacturing composite particles, and in particular, composite particles can be manufactured easily and efficiently by adding an appropriate amount of a regulator for adjusting the surface charge of the particles.
- the present invention relates to a composite particle manufacturing apparatus and manufacturing method.
- the applicant of the present application can arbitrarily adjust the polarity (positive / negative) of the surface charge of the particles by coating the particles dispersed in the liquid phase with a polyelectrolyte, thereby combining various particles.
- Technology that can be developed Patent Document 3). According to this, even if it is difficult to impart the opposite polarity to the raw material particles by adjusting the pH, for example, one particle and the other particle are of the same type, composite particles are produced. be able to.
- Patent Document 2 it is disclosed to adjust one and the other particles to be opposite charges by adjusting the pH and adding a polyelectrolyte, but there is an excess in the liquid phase. No consideration is given to the effect of the remaining polymer electrolyte. Therefore, this technique cannot be used to solve the problem of excess additives and improve the production efficiency of composite particles.
- an object of the present invention is to improve workability and production efficiency by suppressing the amount of the adjusting agent such as a polymer electrolyte for adjusting the surface charge of the particles from being unnecessarily large or small.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a composite particle manufacturing apparatus and a composite particle manufacturing method.
- the first configuration of the invention relating to the composite particle manufacturing apparatus is the composite particle manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing the composite particles by attaching the first particles and the second particles by electrostatic attraction, and the first particles or the second particles.
- a storage tank for storing a liquid containing any of the above particles, a dispersion state measuring means for measuring a dispersion state of particles in the liquid stored in the storage tank, and particles contained in the liquid in the storage tank
- the dispersion state storage means stores the dispersion state measured by the dispersion state measurement means, and is stored in the dispersion state storage means.
- Information output means for outputting information indicating that the dispersion state of the particles in the liquid in the storage tank is in a desired state based on the dispersion state.
- the measurement by the dispersion state measuring means includes the case of measuring a direct or indirect element indicating the dispersion state of particles in the liquid.
- a direct or indirect element indicating the dispersion state of particles in the liquid.
- examples of such elements include the surface charge of the particles, the optical properties of the suspension (turbidity, light transmission, light scattering), the electrical conductivity of the suspension, the viscosity, and the like.
- the particle dispersion state may be regarded as the particle dispersion state based on the measured value, and may be regarded as the particle dispersion state based on a value that is calculated to grasp the particle dispersion state from the measured value. Good.
- the dispersion state being in a desired state means a state showing the highest dispersion state or a state in the vicinity thereof.
- the second configuration of the invention relating to the composite particle manufacturing apparatus is the composite particle manufacturing apparatus that manufactures the composite particles by attaching the first particles and the second particles by electrostatic attraction.
- a plurality of storage tanks for storing a liquid containing any of the particles, a dispersion state measuring means for measuring a dispersion state of particles in the liquid stored in each of the storage tanks, and each of the storage tanks Dispersion state storage means for storing a dispersion state measured by the dispersion state measurement means when a regulator for adjusting the surface charge of particles contained in the liquid is added to the storage tank, and the dispersion state
- An information output means for outputting information indicating that the dispersion state of the particles in the liquid in the storage tank is in a desired state based on the dispersion state stored in the storage means, and the liquid containing the first particles are stored.
- the third configuration of the invention relating to the composite particle production apparatus is the configuration shown in the first configuration or the second configuration, and further includes an adding means for adding a regulator to the storage tank, and the adding means.
- Addition stopping means for stopping the addition of the adjusting agent, state change deriving means for deriving a change in the dispersion state based on the dispersion state stored in the dispersion state storage means, and dispersion calculated by the state change deriving means
- Determination means for determining whether the dispersion state of the particles in the liquid in the storage tank is a desired state based on a change in state, and the information output means is configured to determine whether the dispersion state storage means includes the determination means.
- the addition stop unit When the dispersion state stored in the storage tank is determined to be a desired state, information indicating that the dispersion state of the liquid in the storage tank is in the desired state is output to the addition stop unit, and the addition stop unit Is Based on the information from the serial data output means it is intended to stop the addition of modifier.
- the dispersion state measuring unit is a viscosity measuring unit.
- the fifth configuration of the invention relating to the composite particle manufacturing apparatus is that in the configuration shown in the fourth configuration, the viscosity measuring means is a vibratory viscometer.
- a sixth configuration of the invention relating to the composite particle manufacturing apparatus is any one of the configurations shown in the first to fifth configurations, and is further arranged in the storage tank and contains particles in the storage tank A stirring means for stirring the liquid to be stirred.
- the first configuration of the invention relating to the method for producing composite particles is the method for producing composite particles in which the first particles and the second particles are adhered by electrostatic attraction to produce the composite particles.
- a mixing step of mixing the first particles and the second particles, and the adjusting agent adding step includes the step of adding the particles to the liquid containing either the first particles or the second particles.
- An adjusting agent adding step for adding an adjusting agent for adjusting the surface charge a dispersion state measuring step for measuring the dispersion state of particles in the liquid when the adjusting agent is added by the adjusting agent adding step, and Measured by the dispersion state measurement process That the dispersion state is intended to include the addition of stopping step of stopping the addition of the modifier becomes a desired state.
- the dispersion state measurement step is a viscosity measurement step of measuring the viscosity of the liquid containing the particles
- the addition stopping step is an addition stopping step for stopping the addition of the adjusting agent when the viscosity measured by the viscosity measuring step is in the vicinity of the minimum value.
- the dispersion state of the particles in the liquid is in a desired state.
- the addition amount of the regulator such as a polymer electrolyte is greatly exceeded by stopping the addition of the regulator. It is possible to adjust the surface charge of the particles while suppressing an excessive amount or a shortage of less than a necessary amount (hereinafter, sometimes simply referred to as “excess or deficiency”).
- the desired state at this time is a state in which the dispersion state of the particles in the liquid is sufficiently high dispersion, it can be an indicator that the appropriate amount of the adjusting agent is adsorbed on the particles. Therefore, by monitoring the dispersion state of the particles and determining that the dispersion state is sufficiently high, it is not necessary to remove the surplus regulator after adjusting the surface charge of one of the first or second particles. Immediately, the other particles can be added. Therefore, the process can be simplified, and work efficiency and production efficiency can be improved.
- both particles can be attached by electrostatic attraction.
- the processing can be sequentially performed using the present apparatus after the processing of one of the particles is completed.
- the process of adjusting the surface charge of the other particle may be omitted.
- the adjusting agent is excessive or insufficient in any of the storage tanks. It is possible to adjust the surface charge of the particles while suppressing this. Therefore, by adjusting the surface charge of the first particles in a certain storage tank and adjusting the surface charge of the second particles in the other storage tank, the surplus adjusting agent after adjusting the surface charge in any storage tank Therefore, both particles can be mixed immediately.
- the manufacturing process of the composite particles is a batch type. However, since this operation can be omitted in the present apparatus, the composite of the first particles and the second particles can be executed continuously.
- the adjustment added The dispersion state is sequentially stored in the dispersion state storage unit according to the amount of the agent, and the degree of particle dispersion can be determined by deriving the change in the dispersion state stored in the dispersion state storage unit. Accordingly, when it is determined that the dispersion state of the particles in the liquid reaches a desired state, the addition stopping unit can stop the addition of the adjusting agent based on the information output from the information output unit. Therefore, when adjusting the surface charge of the first or second particles, it is possible to adjust a suitable addition amount of the adjusting agent while monitoring the dispersion state of the particles in these liquids.
- the particles in the liquid are measured by measuring the viscosity of the liquid containing the particles.
- the dispersion state of the particles can be measured, and the dispersion state of the particles in the liquid can be grasped by the change in the viscosity. Further, based on the measured viscosity value, it is possible to determine a state in which the supply of the adjusting agent should be stopped.
- the resonator is resonated in the liquid, and the load of the resonator due to the viscous resistance is electrically measured. Since it is possible, the viscosity of the liquid can be continuously measured without sampling the liquid to be measured (liquid containing particles). As a result, the viscosity change of the liquid containing the particles (that is, the change in the dispersion state of the particles) can be calculated continuously, so that the state of the particles in the liquid can be sequentially grasped, and Supply can be stopped.
- the particles contained in the liquid in the storage tank and the adjusting agent to be added The adjusting agent is brought into contact with each particle in a substantially uniform state, and the adjusting agent can be adsorbed almost uniformly on the surface of the particle.
- the dispersion state of the particles in the liquid is monitored while adding the regulator, and the dispersion state is desired. Since the supply of the adjusting agent is stopped when reaching this state, the adjusting agent for adjusting the surface charge of the particles can be suppressed from becoming excessive or insufficient. For this reason, after adjusting the surface charge of the particles, it is possible to eliminate the operation of removing the excess adjusting agent, simplify the manufacturing process in the case of producing composite particles, and shorten the time required for the entire process. Is. That is, workability and production efficiency can be improved by producing composite particles by such a production method.
- the dispersion state of the particles can be grasped by the change in the viscosity of the liquid containing the particles, and the supply of the regulator It is possible to determine when to stop. That is, by continuously calculating the viscosity change, it is possible to determine a state where the viscosity is in the vicinity of the minimum value, and it is possible to stop the supply of the adjusting agent in a timely manner.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view for explaining a first embodiment of a composite particle production apparatus.
- the first embodiment of the composite particle manufacturing apparatus includes a storage tank 1 that can store a liquid containing particles, and a measuring apparatus that can measure the dispersion state of particles in the liquid (dispersion state).
- Measuring means) 2 means for receiving and storing the measurement data of the measuring device 2 (distributed state storing means), computing means and means for outputting that the dispersed state is in a desired state (information output means) It is comprised with the control apparatus 3.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view for explaining a first embodiment of a composite particle production apparatus.
- the first embodiment of the composite particle manufacturing apparatus includes a storage tank 1 that can store a liquid containing particles, and a measuring apparatus that can measure the dispersion state of particles in the liquid (dispersion state).
- Measuring means) 2 means for receiving and storing the measurement data of the measuring device 2 (distributed state storing means), computing means and means for outputting
- the storage tank 1 is installed inside the apparatus main body 10, and the apparatus main body 10 includes heating means and cooling means (not shown) so that the storage tank 1 can be maintained at a constant temperature.
- the storage tank 1 is detachably formed on the apparatus main body 10, and the storage tank 1 can be taken out of the apparatus main body 10 and replaced. Further, in the following description, when only “liquid” is referred to without specially excluding conditions such as excluding particles, it indicates a liquid containing particles, and the liquid containing particles is called a suspension. In some cases.
- electrolyte tanks 4, 5 filled with the electrolyte and supply pipes 6, 7 provided between the electrolyte tanks 4, 5 and the storage tank 1 are provided.
- electrolyte pumps 41 and 51 and electromagnetic valves 42 and 52 are provided at intermediate positions of the supply pipes 6 and 7 to drive the electrolyte pumps 41 and 51 and open the electromagnetic valves 42 and 52. By doing so, the electrolyte (conditioning agent) can be supplied to the storage tank 1. This will function as an adding means.
- the supply of the electrolyte can be stopped by stopping the electrolyte pumps 41 and 51 and closing the solenoid valves 42 and 52. This will function as addition stop means.
- the operations of the electrolyte pumps 41 and 51 and the electromagnetic valves 42 and 52 can be manually performed, but can be controlled by a signal output from the control device 3.
- the two types of electrolyte tanks 4 and 5 are provided in order to distinguish and supply two types of electrolytes having different properties (for example, an anionic polymer solution and a cationic polymer solution) to the storage tank 1. is there. Therefore, for example, one electrolyte tank (hereinafter may be referred to as a first electrolyte tank) 4 is filled with an anionic polymer solution (hereinafter also referred to as a polyanion solution), and the other electrolyte tank (
- the cationic electrolyte solution (which may be referred to as a second electrolyte tank) 5 is filled with a cationic polymer solution (hereinafter also referred to as a polycation solution).
- the supply / stop of these electrolytes is as follows.
- one electrolyte pump (hereinafter sometimes referred to as the first electrolyte pump) 41 and one electromagnetic valve (hereinafter referred to as the first electrolyte pump).
- the electrolyte that is operated by 42 (sometimes referred to as a first solenoid valve) and is filled in the second electrolyte tank 5 is the other electrolyte pump (hereinafter also referred to as the second electrolyte pump) 51 and the other electromagnetic. It is operated by a valve (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a second electromagnetic valve) 52.
- a stirring means 8 for stirring the liquid stored in the storage tank 1 is further provided.
- the vibration generating unit 81 having a horn at the tip includes an ultrasonic homogenizer 8 that changes electrical energy amplified by the power supply 82 into mechanical vibration, a stirrer chip 85, and a stirrer body 86 that generates magnetic force.
- a magnetic stirrer 8 that is configured, and a motor built-in type stirring device 8 having a stirring blade 83 at the tip can be used.
- the ultrasonic homogenizer 8 the electric energy amplified by the power supply 82 is converted into mechanical ultrasonic vibration by the converter of the vibration generating unit 81 and transmitted to the tip of the horn immersed in the liquid.
- the stirrer chip 85 is rotated by the magnetic force of the stirrer main body 86 and stirs the liquid by the rotational force.
- a magnetic stirrer using such a magnetic force is widely used. Any one of these stirring means 8 can be selectively used, and any of these stirring means 8 may be used in combination or all.
- the ultrasonic homogenizer 8 is used for releasing particle aggregation by ultrasonic vibration. Therefore, when it is recognized as a particle dispersion means, the ultrasonic homogenizer 8 has characteristics such as a stirring blade that stirs the entire liquid. Although it can be evaluated if different, it is included in the stirring means in the present embodiment in the sense that some vibration is generated.
- the measuring device 2 of the present embodiment uses a vibration viscometer that can measure the viscosity of a liquid.
- This vibration type viscometer is configured to operate by connecting the measurement unit 20 and the control unit main body 25.
- the measuring unit 20 is provided with two leaf springs 21 and 22 having a tuning fork shape, and further, vibrators 23 and 24 are provided at the tips of the leaf springs, and are located at the center of the leaf springs 21 and 22.
- the leaf springs 21 and 22 are caused to resonate with a predetermined amplitude by the provided electromagnetic driving unit.
- the viscosity is measured by the difference in viscous resistance acting on the vibrators 23 and 24 when the leaf springs 21 and 22 resonate.
- the difference in the viscous resistance is detected by the displacement sensor, the temperature of the liquid is measured by the temperature sensor, and the viscosity is derived by the control unit body 25 from the values of the displacement sensor and the temperature sensor.
- the viscosity (measured value) data measured here is output to the control device 3 via the interface.
- a viscometer is used as the measuring device 2 and the dispersion state of the particles in the liquid is grasped by monitoring the change in the viscosity of the liquid, but the particles in the liquid stored in the storage tank 1 are used.
- the viscometer is not limited as long as it can measure data capable of grasping the dispersion state.
- the dispersion state may be evaluated by measuring the optical properties (turbidity, light transmittance, light scattering intensity) and electrical properties (electric conductivity) of the suspension, and the surface charge (zeta potential) of the particles may be evaluated. You may evaluate by measuring.
- the adjusting agent adjusts the surface charge of the particles, and a charged polymer electrolyte or surfactant is used.
- the dispersion state of the particles in the liquid is greatly influenced by the surface charge of the particles. This is because if the surface charge of the particles increases, the particles repel each other due to the electric repulsion, resulting in an improved dispersion state.
- the surface charge of the particles correlates with the amount of the modifier adsorbed on the particle surface. Therefore, the surface charge of the particles, that is, the dispersion state of the particles indirectly determines the amount of the modifier on the particle surface. It is an indicator shown in. When a sufficient amount of the modifier is adsorbed on the particle surface, the surface charge of the particle is maximized, and accordingly, the dispersed state of the particle in the liquid is also optimized.
- the dispersion state can be evaluated continuously or intermittently while adding a regulator to the suspension, and the timing at which the dispersion state reaches the best state can be detected. It is possible to detect that the agent has been adsorbed.
- the viscometer 2 when carrying out the said process in large quantities, by measuring the viscosity etc. of the liquid in several places of the storage tank 1, and calculating
- the viscometer 2 is provided with only one set of the measurement unit 20 and the control unit main body 25, but the measurement unit 20 is increased and arranged at different positions in the storage tank 1. It becomes.
- the measurement value in each measurement part 20 is input into the control part main body 25, and it is made to output as the viscosity of the liquid stored in the storage tank 1 by calculating an average value from each measurement value in the control part main body 25.
- a representative position may be one, but an average value may be calculated as a plurality of positions.
- the viscosity change if the particles in the liquid are in a highly dispersed state, the viscosity is low, and the viscosity increases as the degree of aggregation of the particles proceeds.
- a regulator such as a polymer electrolyte of opposite polarity from a state in which the particles are charged to one polarity, the aggregation of the particles proceeds to increase the viscosity value.
- the state where there is no excess or deficiency is assumed to be within a range of ⁇ 5% with respect to the ideal total addition amount of the regulator. That is, when measuring the viscosity change, optical characteristics, or electrical characteristics to grasp the dispersion state of particles in the liquid, due to the measurement error of the measuring device used for the measurement, or the supply of the adjustment agent is stopped It is assumed that there is a slight deviation from the ideal dispersion due to operational time error. That is, there may be a situation where the modifier to be adsorbed on the surface of the particles in the liquid is slightly deficient or slightly surplus. According to experimental figures, a shortage of -5% relative to the total amount to be added or an extra addition amount of + 5% does not affect the subsequent treatment (especially the final composite particle production). Met. Note that it is not uncommon for the regulator to remain to the same extent even in the case of the conventional method of removing the excess regulator by washing after the regulator has been added.
- control device 3 detects the minimum value of the viscosity as described above, and controls to stop the supply when a suitable amount of the adjusting agent is supplied.
- FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of the control device 3.
- the control device 3 includes a CPU 31, a ROM 32, a RAM 33, and an HDD 34, which are connected to an input / output port 35 via a bus.
- the CPU 31 has a timer circuit
- the RAM 33 stores a real-time data memory that stores input information in association with values of the timer circuit, a display data memory that stores data to be output to the LCD 37, and a predetermined data A flag (for example, a viscosity reduction flag described later) that holds the result of determining the condition is provided.
- the HDD 34 stores a control program and includes a setting value memory for storing various setting values.
- the set value memory stores various conditions in addition to the initial setting conditions. For example, a default value when turning on a viscosity reduction flag, which will be described later, a threshold value when operating the solenoid valves 42 and 52, and the like can be stored as default values.
- a keyboard 38 is connected to the input / output port 35, so that a processing method and various types of information can be input, and it can be used when changing a default value in some cases.
- An LCD 37 is also connected to output and display data processed information or information in the display data memory.
- an interface 36 is connected to the input / output port 35 so that data can be input / output to / from peripheral devices.
- the first vibration viscometer 2 is connected as the measuring device 2 via the interface 36.
- the control device 3 controls the electrolyte pump drive circuit and the solenoid valve control circuit in order to control the first electrolyte pump 41 and the second electrolyte pump 51, and the first solenoid valve 42 and the second solenoid valve 52. , Is configured to output a predetermined signal.
- the first vibration type viscometer 2 connected to the control device 3 includes a control unit, a displacement sensor, a vibrator, and an electromagnetic drive unit, and the vibrator is vibrated by the electromagnetic drive unit while being controlled by the control unit. Changes in the child's vibration (viscous resistance) are detected by a displacement sensor. Moreover, the temperature sensor is provided and the temperature information of a measurement object is output to a control part, and a viscosity is calculated in a control part based on information, such as a viscous resistance and temperature. In addition, an operation panel is provided, and an LCD for inputting various conditions related to measurement and displaying the measurement results is provided.
- a stirring means 8 is prepared as an external device.
- the stirring means 8 as described above, any one of the first ultrasonic homogenizer, the stirring device, and the magnetic stirrer can be selectively used, or a plurality of them can be used in combination.
- the first ultrasonic homogenizer 8 includes a control unit, a power supply circuit, a converter circuit, and an ultrasonic oscillator.
- the power supply circuit converts input power into output power having a predetermined frequency while being controlled by the control unit.
- the output power is converted into mechanical ultrasonic vibration by the converter circuit, and the object is vibrated by the ultrasonic oscillator.
- an operation panel and an LCD are provided so that usage conditions can be input and the operating state and the like can be displayed.
- the stirring device 8 includes a stirring blade drive motor and a stirring blade, and rotates the stirring blade 83 by power operation of the stirring blade drive motor.
- the magnet type stirrer includes a stirrer drive motor and a magnetic force generation circuit, and generates a necessary magnetic force from the magnetic force generation circuit by a power operation of the stirrer drive motor.
- tip 85 rotated with the generated magnetic force exists independently of these.
- the above external device is configured independently of the control device 3, it can also be configured to be operated by an operation signal from the control device 3. Moreover, it is good also as a structure which uses another external device as needed.
- the viscosity of the liquid stored in the storage tank 1 is measured by the first vibration viscometer 2, and the measured data is input to the control device 3, whereby the viscosity of the liquid is controlled by the control device 3.
- the change is calculated. That is, the control device functions as a state change deriving unit.
- the driving state of the electrolyte pumps 41 and 51 and the open / closed state of the electromagnetic valves 42 and 52 are controlled according to the calculated viscosity change result. That is, the control device 3 outputs a signal to start or stop driving the electrolyte pump to the electrolyte pump drive circuit, and the first electrolyte pump 41 and the second electrolyte pump 51 start driving by the electrolyte pump drive circuit. Stop.
- control device 3 outputs a signal for opening and closing the first solenoid valve 42 and the second solenoid valve 52 to the solenoid valve control circuit, and the solenoid valve control circuit controls the open / close state of the solenoid valve.
- the selection of any one of the electrolyte pumps 41 and 51 and the electromagnetic valves 42 and 52 and the operation timing thereof are determined by the processing result in the control device 3.
- the control device 3 functions as information output means for outputting signals for operating the first and second electrolyte pumps 41 and 51 and the first and second electromagnetic valves 42 and 52.
- the information indicating that the dispersion state is in the desired state is information indicating that the viscosity is in the vicinity of the minimum value, and is supplied to the first and second electrolyte pump stop signals and the solenoid valve. Corresponding to output block signal.
- the state of the viscosity change calculated in the control device 3 is output to the LCD 37 as a display unit, the state of the viscosity change can be visually confirmed.
- the operation of the first and second electrolyte pumps 41 and 51 and the operation of the first and second electromagnetic valves 42 and 52 are input, so that an arbitrary timing of the operator can be obtained. It is also possible to control these. Furthermore, the pumps 41 and 51 and the electromagnetic valves 42 and 52 may be directly operated manually by making them independent from the control device 3. In such a case, the fact that the viscosity data displayed on the LCD 37 indicates a minimum value is information indicating that the dispersed state is the desired state, and the LCD corresponds to the information output means.
- control device 3 controls each part of the composite particle manufacturing apparatus.
- the process may be terminated in a state where the charge is charged to one of the polarities.
- the supply stop of the adjusting agent is based on the viscosity of the liquid measured while supplying the adjusting agent to the storage tank storing the liquid containing the particles.
- the control device 3 determines that it is the timing when the viscosity becomes the lowest, the control device 3 is executed by outputting a signal for stopping the electrolyte pump and closing the electromagnetic valve.
- the particles in the liquid adsorb the regulator having the opposite charge.
- the viscosity temporarily increases. As described above, this is because the particles in the liquid gradually aggregate as the surface charge of the particles decreases. If the regulator is continuously supplied, the increased viscosity decreases after showing the maximum value, but if the regulator is continuously supplied, the viscosity increases again after the viscosity becomes the lowest.
- the viscosity change accompanying the supply of the adjustment agent indicates the progress of the rise, the inflection point (maximum), the fall, the inflection point (minimum), and the rise, and draws a curve having two inflection points.
- the control device 3 detects the timing at which the value of the viscosity change per certain time (for example, the differential value of the viscosity change) changes from a negative value to a positive value immediately before the viscosity increases again in this way.
- the value of the viscosity change per certain time for example, the differential value of the viscosity change
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an outline of the powder reforming process of the present embodiment executed in the control device 3.
- the powder means an aggregate of innumerable particles contained in the liquid, and adjusting the surface charge of each particle for the powder is called powder modification.
- an initial setting process is first performed (S1).
- the initial surface charge state of the powder (particles) and the predetermined number of times (value of ⁇ ) are set as initial values.
- the initial value set in the initial setting process is stored in the set value memory of the HDD 34.
- Other initial setting values that are preset in the setting value memory of the HDD 34 in advance are used.
- the number m of surface charge treatments of the powder (particles) is set to 1, and the first powder modification is executed.
- the second electrolyte adsorption process (S4) is continuously performed following the first electrolyte adsorption process (S3).
- the first electrolyte adsorption treatment (S3) an electrolyte having a charge opposite to the initial surface charge is supplied to the storage tank 1, and the adjusting agent having the opposite charge is adsorbed on the surface of the powder (particle), This is a process for causing the composite particle manufacturing apparatus to execute a process of charging to a charge opposite to the initial surface charge.
- the predetermined number ⁇ is stored in the set value memory, and is always determined at the end of the second electrolyte adsorption process (S4). Since the predetermined number ⁇ can be changed by keyboard input by the operator in the initial setting process (S1), it can be changed as necessary depending on the conditions of the powder to be processed. If the number m of treatments is less than the predetermined number ⁇ , the first electrolyte adsorption process (S3) and the second electrolyte adsorption process (S4) are repeated. When the number m of processes reaches the predetermined number ⁇ , the powder modification process is finished.
- the value of the timer circuit As the value of the timer circuit, the value of the timer circuit provided in the CPU is used.
- the timer circuit is a clock circuit that measures time, and the value of the timer circuit is updated based on the CPU clock signal.
- the viscosity data stored here is viscosity data for the first time (before supply of the electrolyte), and is used for comparison with viscosity data when the electrolyte is supplied thereafter.
- the data of the timer circuit and the viscosity data are developed, and the display data is calculated (S16).
- the display data can be visually monitored by being displayed on the LCD. Further, it is determined whether or not the number of times of viscosity measurement is the first time (S17), and only in the first time, a signal for driving the first electrolyte pump is output to the electrolyte pump drive circuit (S18). In addition, a signal for opening the first solenoid valve in the solenoid valve control circuit is output (S19). Thereby, electrolyte supply is started.
- the difference between the viscosity data stored at address 2 in the real-time data memory and the viscosity data stored at address 1 is calculated, and the slope (a) of the change in viscosity with respect to the increase in electrolyte supply is calculated.
- the slope (a) of the viscosity change is the amount of change in viscosity with respect to a certain time, and may be a value obtained by differentiating the value of the viscosity change with time.
- the viscosity reduction flag stores that the first inflection point has been passed. If the viscosity reduction flag is not on, it is determined whether the calculated slope a is smaller than a predetermined value ⁇ 1 (S23).
- the predetermined value ⁇ 1 is a value set by default in the set value memory, and this value can be appropriately determined from experimental values and the like. However, in order to clarify the difference from the vicinity of the change amount “0” at the second inflection point, the absolute value is larger than ⁇ 2, which will be described later.
- the purpose is to adsorb the adjusting agent to the particles without excess or deficiency.
- ⁇ 2 is set to a small value in consideration of the device specifications.
- the gradient (a) of the viscosity change may be a value in the vicinity of 0. Therefore, if ⁇ 1 is inadvertently set to a small negative value near 0, the supply of the adjusting agent is stopped at an undesired timing. Therefore, the absolute value of the predetermined value ⁇ 1 is made larger than ⁇ 2 described later.
- the viscosity reduction flag is turned on and the process proceeds to step 20 (S23), (S24). If the condition is not satisfied, the process proceeds to step 20 as it is ( S23).
- step 20 the process proceeds to step 20 again, the next viscosity data is stored (S15), the slope (a) is calculated (S21), and is compared with ⁇ 2 again (S25). The above process is repeated until this determination condition is satisfied.
- a signal for closing the first solenoid valve is output to the solenoid valve control circuit (S26), and further to the electrolyte pump drive circuit. Then, a signal for stopping the first electrolyte pump is output (S27), and the supply of the electrolyte is stopped.
- the first electrolyte adsorption process is completed, but before that, the viscosity reduction flag is returned to the off state again (S28) for the next process or the process.
- Each process for ending is performed (S29).
- the first electrolyte adsorption treatment is performed.
- the surface charge of the powder (particles) is charged to a polarity opposite to that at the beginning.
- the second electrolyte adsorption process is performed by the same processing method as the first electrolyte adsorption process. That is, the RAM is cleared (S31), the timer circuit is set to “0” (S33), the viscosity data signal is stored (S35), and the electrolyte of the second electrolyte tank is supplied to the storage tank (S38). ), (S39), the viscosity data is repeatedly stored and the latest viscosity data measured is compared with the previous viscosity data to monitor the viscosity change (S41) to (S45). Then, after the viscosity rises, when the slope of the viscosity change shows a minimum value, the supply of the electrolyte is stopped and the processing is ended (S45) to (S49).
- the second electrolyte adsorption treatment is the same as the first electrolyte adsorption treatment, but the electrolyte used has a charge different from that of the first electrolyte adsorption treatment and is stored in the second electrolyte tank. Has been. Therefore, when a drive signal is output to the electrolyte pump drive circuit, a signal for driving the second electrolyte pump is output (S38).
- the output signal to the solenoid valve control circuit is a signal for opening the second solenoid valve (S39).
- the surface of the powder (particles) is once charged with a polarity opposite to the initial surface charge, and then again. It is charged with the same polarity as the initial surface charge.
- the first electrolyte adsorption treatment and the second electrolyte adsorption treatment are continuously executed, and are repeated until the number of treatments reaches a predetermined number ⁇ .
- the surface charge of the particles in the liquid stored in the storage tank is adjusted.
- particles having a surface charge opposite to the particles for example, this is the first particle
- particles having the surface charge adjusted in this way for example, this is the second particle.
- the first particles contained in the liquid after the treatment may be mixed with the second particles contained in the liquid, and both particles were recovered from the liquid. You may mix things. Further, any one of the particles may be contained in a liquid, and the other particle may be mixed therewith.
- the recovered particles may be formed into secondary particles by a general spray drying process. In this case, in the present embodiment, secondary particle formation by a series of steps is facilitated by continuously performing a particle recovery step and a spray drying step after the end of the powder modification treatment. Moreover, you may shape
- the second particles have a desired surface charge
- a powder modification process is performed for that purpose.
- the powder modification treatment method in this case is almost the same as that described above, but the first electrolyte adsorption treatment and the second electrolyte adsorption are performed in order to adjust the surface charge after the treatment to a charge opposite to that of the first particles.
- the order of treatment may be reversed, or the polarity of the electrolyte filled in the electrolyte tank may be reversed.
- one of the two particles serves as a mother particle, and the other particle adheres to the mother particle as a child particle by electrostatic attraction, This is because composite particles in which the child particles adhere almost uniformly to the surface of the mother particles are produced.
- materials such as alumina, zirconia, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, spinel, magnesia can be used as the mother particles, and alumina, zirconia, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, aluminum nitride, carbon can be used as the child particles.
- Nanoparticles, nanodiamonds, and farenes can be used. The shape of these particles is not limited. The child particles are selected according to the mechanical properties and thermal properties required for the composite particles.
- resin particles can be used as mother particles or child particles.
- particles of phenol resin, urea resin, melamine resin, epoxy resin, diallyl phthalate resin, unsaturated polyester resin, polyimide, polyurethane, or the like can be used.
- those to be used as mother particles and child particles may be appropriately selected and used.
- first particle or the second particle may be a mother particle.
- first particle and the second particle may or may not be the same substance.
- each of the first particles and the second particles may be a single type of particle or a plurality of types of particles.
- a composite particle in which the first particle and the second particle are combined may be used as the first particle or the second particle.
- it may be a primary particle or a secondary particle.
- the electrolyte for adjusting the surface charge of these particles is represented by polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSS), polyvinyl sulfate (PVS), polyacrylic acid (PAA), and polymethacrylic acid (PMA) as anionic polymers.
- PSS polystyrene sulfonic acid
- PVS polyvinyl sulfate
- PAA polyacrylic acid
- PMA polymethacrylic acid
- Other examples include polythiophene-3-acetic acid, poly (3-hexylthiophene), polyamic acid, polyparaphenylene ( ⁇ ), and the like.
- cationic polymers include poly (diallylmethylammonium chloride) (PDDA), polyethyleneimine (PEI), polyvinylamine (PVAm), and poly (vinylpyrrolidone / N, N-dimethylaminoethyleneacrylic acid) copolymerization.
- examples include aminoethylene methacrylate, poly-1-methyl-2-vinylpyridine, and polyimine.
- water or an aqueous sodium chloride solution can be used as these solvents. These electrolytes may have a low molecular weight.
- a surfactant can be used for the electrolyte.
- the anionic surfactant can be selected from fatty acid salts, sulfonates, and the like. Specifically, sodium citrate, sodium oleate, sodium laurate, lauryl sulfonate (such as sodium lauryl sulfonate) , Polyoxyalkyl ether sulfonates (such as sodium polyoxyalkyl ether sulfonates), ⁇ -olefin sulfonates (such as sodium 9-octadecenyl sulfonate), alkylarene sulfonates (such as sodium laurylbenzene sulfonate, In addition to this, there are also polyoxyethylenes such as alkyl phosphates such as sodium monolauryl phosphate, monoalkyl phosphate esters, sodium polyoxyethylene lauryl ether sulfate, etc.
- the cationic surfactant can be selected from a quaternary ammonium salt or N-ethylalkanamide ammonium halide, and the quaternary ammonium salt includes tetramethylammonium chloride, tetraethylammonium chloride, tetramethylammonium bromide, tetraethyl.
- Ammonium bromide diallyldimethylammonium chloride, lauryltrimethylammonium chloride, lauryltrimethylammonium bromide, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, cetyltrimethylammonium hydroxide, dilauryldimethylammonium chloride, dilauryldimethylammonium bromide, didodecyldimethylammonium bromide, benzalkonium Chloride Benzetoni Mukuroraido, cetyl pyridinium chloride and the like.
- the said electrolyte is an illustration, Comprising: It is not limited to these. Moreover, you may use the said anionic electrolyte individually or in combination of 2 or more types, or may use a cationic electrolyte individually or in combination of 2 or more types.
- the liquid in which the particles are dispersed is not limited to water, and for example, an organic solvent or a mixed solvent of an organic solvent and water may be used.
- the organic solvent include ethanol, methanol, propanol, and acetone.
- composite particles in the case of using an organic solvent or a mixed solvent include composite particles such as those that react with water such as aluminum nitride and decompose, or water-absorbing polymers such as sodium polyacrylate.
- the range of 0.1 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m is preferable, and the range of 1 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m is particularly preferable. Within this range, it is easy to disperse, and the prepared composite particles can be easily recovered by sedimentation without centrifugation and removing the supernatant.
- the operator may manually operate in addition to the operation signal from the control device 3.
- the viscosity data measured by the vibration viscometer 2 may be manipulated by the display on the LCD of the vibration viscometer 2, and the viscosity data input from the vibration viscometer 2 or the gradient (a) of the viscosity change May be operated while confirming on the LCD 37 of the control device 3.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an outline of the present embodiment.
- the apparatus of the present embodiment has two storage tanks 1a and 1b, vibration viscometers 2a and 2b, and electrolyte supply pipes 6a and 7a, each having a configuration similar to that of the first embodiment. , 6b, 7b and stirring blades 8a, 8b.
- a device provided with these members is referred to as a reformer, one reformer is referred to as a first reformer A, and the other reformer is referred to as a second reformer B.
- the electrolyte tanks 4a, 5a, 4b, and 5b, the electrolyte pumps 41a, 51a, 41b, and 51b and the electromagnetic valves 42a, 52a, 42b, and 52b are individually installed.
- a single unit may be used for both reformers A and B.
- the control apparatus 3 is using the single thing, you may install this separately.
- the same reference numerals in FIG. 5 are used for the same components as those in the first embodiment, and “a” and “a” are added at the end of the reference numerals for the same members that are similarly installed for both reformers A and B.
- the single control device 3 is installed for the control of the two devices A and B.
- this control device may also be provided separately.
- a magnetic stirrer may be used instead of or at the same time, and an ultrasonic homogenizer may be used.
- the first and second apparatuses A and B are provided with the storage tanks 1a and 1b, respectively (the storage tank 1a installed in the first apparatus A may be referred to as a first storage tank).
- the other 1b may be referred to as a second storage tank).
- Both the storage tanks 1a and 1b are provided with viscometers 2a and 2b, respectively, which can measure the viscosity of the liquid stored in the storage tanks 1a and 1b, and have stirring blades 8a and 8b as stirring means. Is provided in the vicinity of the bottom so that the liquid stored in the storage tanks 1a and 1b can be stirred.
- the stirring means an ultrasonic homogenizer or a magnetic stirrer may be used instead of or simultaneously with the stirring blades 8a and 8b, as in the first embodiment.
- the electrolyte tank for storing the electrolyte has two types of electrolyte tanks 4a and 5a on the first device side (one electrolyte tank 4a is called a first electrolyte tank and the other 5a is called a second electrolyte tank).
- a polyanion solution can be stored in the first electrolyte tank 4a
- a polycation solution can be stored in the second electrolyte tank 5a.
- a first electrolyte tank 4b and a second electrolyte tank 5b for storing two types of solutions are also provided on the second device side.
- the first electrolyte tanks 4a and 4b can be used as a single unit
- the second electrolyte tanks 5a and 5b can also be used as a single unit.
- the electrolyte stored in the first electrolyte tanks 4a and 4b is sucked by electrolyte pumps (referred to as first electrolyte pumps) 41a and 41b, and the electrolytes of the second electrolyte tanks 5a and 5b are: It is sucked by the electrolyte pumps (second electrolyte pumps) 51a and 51b.
- first electrolyte pumps 41a and 41b are a single electrolyte tank
- the first electrolyte tank can be a single first electrolyte pump
- the second electrolyte tanks 5a and 5b are a single electrolyte tank.
- a single second electrolyte pump may be used.
- the electromagnetic valve is provided with a first electromagnetic valve 42a and a second electromagnetic valve 52a for supplying an electrolyte to the first storage tank 1a, and a third electromagnetic valve 42b and a fourth electromagnetic valve for supplying an electrolyte to the second storage tank 1b. 52b is provided.
- the electromagnetic valves 42a, 52a, 42b, and 52b shown in FIG. 6 are connected to individual supply pipes 6a, 7a, 6b, and 7b, respectively, but in a configuration that uses an electrolyte tank and an electrolyte pump.
- the supply pipes 6a, 7a, 6b, and 7b having a structure branched from the electrolyte tank to be provided are provided, and the electromagnetic valves 42a, 52a, 42b, and 52b are installed in the vicinity of the openings.
- different powders can be processed in the storage tanks 1a and 1b by both apparatuses A and B.
- the device A performs a modification process of powder composed of mother particles
- the apparatus B performs a modification process of powder composed of child particles.
- the first device A can be modified so that the surface charge of the particles is adjusted to positive
- the second device B is adjusted to adjust the surface charge of the particles to negative.
- a transfer pipe 9 that opens at the top of the first storage tank 1a and continues to the bottom of the second storage tank 1b is provided, and the transfer pump 91 provided in the middle of the transfer pipe 9 By the operation, the liquid stored in the second storage tank 1b can be transferred to the first storage tank 1a.
- the transfer pipe 9 is provided with an electromagnetic valve (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a fifth electromagnetic valve) 92.
- a fifth electromagnetic valve 92 When the fifth electromagnetic valve 92 is opened along with the operation of the transfer pump 91, the transfer of liquid is performed. It can be realized.
- discharge pipes 90a and 90b are connected to the bottoms of the storage tanks 1a and 1b, so that the liquid mixed in the storage tank 1a can be discharged and the liquid remaining in the storage tank 1b can be discharged. It can be done.
- FIG. 7 is an electrical block diagram centering on the control device 3.
- the internal configuration of the control device 3 is almost the same as that of the control device of the first embodiment, but the RAM 33 stores a mother particle processing flag in addition to the viscosity reduction flag.
- the mother particle processing flag is a flag for determining that the mother particle is to be processed. When this mother particle processing flag is on, it indicates that the powder modifying process is being performed on the mother particle, When the particle processing flag is off, it indicates that the powder modification processing is performed on the child particles instead of the mother particles.
- the mother particles are processed by the first reformer A and the child particles are processed by the second reformer A
- the mother particle processing flag is on, the first reformer A is off. Are processed for the second reformer B, respectively.
- the external device connected to the control device 3 has a configuration slightly different from that of the first embodiment. That is, the control device 3 is connected to a vibration type viscometer 2 for measuring the viscosity of the liquid in each of the storage tanks 1a and 1b, and the first vibration type viscometer for the liquid in the first storage tank 1a.
- the liquid in the second storage tank 1b is stored in the respective storage tanks 1a and 1b by the measurement section 20b and the control section main body 25 of the second vibration type viscometer.
- the liquid viscosity data is measured and input to the control device 3.
- the solenoid valve control circuit is configured to control the first to fifth solenoid valves, and controls to supply the electrolyte to a desired storage tank while selecting two types of electrolytes.
- the first electromagnetic valve 42a and the second electromagnetic valve 52a operate to open and close when supplying the electrolyte to the first storage tank 1a, and the third electromagnetic valve 42b and the fourth electromagnetic valve 52b are the second storage tank.
- the electrolyte is supplied to 1b.
- the fifth electromagnetic valve 92 is for operating opening and closing of the transfer pipe 9.
- the electrolyte supply to the first storage tank 1a and the electrolyte supply to the second storage tank 1b are sequentially operated, and the liquid transfer after the reforming process is performed on the reforming of both the storage tanks 1a and 1b. Since it is assumed to be performed after the processing is completed, the control is performed by a single solenoid valve control circuit. Therefore, when these solenoid valves are operated simultaneously in parallel, a configuration including a plurality of solenoid valve control circuits may be adopted.
- the electrolyte pump is also provided with the first electrolyte pump 41a (41b) and the second electrolyte pump 51a (51b) in both the storage tanks 1a and 1b, and sequentially in the same manner as the solenoid valve operation. It is operated and driven and controlled by a single electrolyte pump drive circuit.
- the agitation motors 81a and 81b for driving the agitation means 8 are also installed in both the first storage tank 1a and the second storage tank 1b, and the agitation motor drive circuit for controlling the agitation motor 81a, 81b It is actuated by a drive signal from.
- this transfer pump 91 is controlled by the transfer pump drive circuit, and a drive signal is output from the control device 3 for the control. It is configured as follows.
- the flow of the composite particle manufacturing process executed by the control device 3 of the present embodiment includes a mother particle modification process and a child particle modification process as shown in FIG. Via, finally, both are mixed to produce composite particles. Details will be described below.
- the mother particle process flag is turned on (S201), and the modification process is performed in the mother particle side storage tank (first storage tank) 1a. It is determined that the first electrolyte adsorption process and the second electrolyte adsorption process are repeated until the number m of processes reaches the predetermined number ⁇ that is initially set (S202) to (S205).
- the mother particle treatment flag is turned off, and the child particle side storage tank (the first particle storage tank 1a) is changed from the modification process in the mother particle side storage tank 1a.
- the process proceeds to the reforming process in (2 storage tank) 1b (S207).
- the reforming process in the second storage tank 1b is started.
- the first electrolyte adsorption process and the second electrolyte adsorption process are repeated until the initially set process number m reaches a predetermined predetermined number ⁇ (S303) to (S305).
- the processing number m reaches the predetermined number ⁇
- the electrolyte adsorption processing is terminated.
- the liquids in both the storage tanks 1a and 1b are mixed.
- a signal for driving the transfer pump 91 is output to the transfer pump drive circuit (S111), and a signal for opening the fifth electromagnetic valve 92 is output to the electromagnetic valve control circuit (S112). ).
- the liquid stored in the 2nd storage tank 1b is sent to the 1st storage tank 1a, and is mixed in this 1st storage tank 1a.
- the amount of liquid transferred to the second storage tank 1b is set in advance in the initial installation, whereby the amount flowing into the first storage tank 1a is managed (S113). Signals for closing the valve 92 and stopping the transfer pump 91 are output (S114) and (S115). By such a predetermined amount of inflow, the child particles adhere to the surface of the mother particles by electrostatic attraction, and composite particles are produced. At this time, the stirring means 8a is operating, but it is assumed that the operation of the stirring means 8a is performed manually. This may be configured to be controlled by the control device 3.
- the liquid containing the composite particles stored in the storage tank 1a is discharged (S116), and after the discharge is confirmed (S117), the storage tank 1a is washed. (S118).
- the composite particles produced as described above are taken out from the storage tank 1a and used for a desired application.
- FIG. 9 is a flow chart of control by the control device 3 for executing the first electrolyte adsorption process.
- the first electrolyte adsorption process is basically the same as in the case of the first embodiment (see FIG. 4). That is, the viscosity data of the liquid measured by the vibration type viscometer is stored at a predetermined address (S415), the inclination due to the change of the viscosity data is calculated (S421), and the inclination is compared and the timing of stopping the supply of the electrolyte Is determined (S425).
- the first electrolyte adsorption process is an electrolyte adsorption process in the first storage tank 1a
- the first electrolyte is supplied from the electrolyte tank 4a, and thus the first electrolyte pump 41a and the first electromagnetic wave are supplied.
- the valves 42a are each activated by a drive signal. Therefore, when the viscosity measurement number n is “1”, a signal for driving the first electrolyte pump is output to the electrolyte pump drive circuit (S418), and a signal for opening the first electromagnetic valve is electromagnetic. It is output to the valve control circuit (S419).
- a signal for closing the first electromagnetic valve is sent to the electromagnetic valve control circuit in order to end the first electrolyte adsorption process. (S427), and outputs a signal for stopping the electrolyte pump to the electrolyte pump drive circuit (S428).
- the first electrolyte adsorption process is an electrolyte adsorption process in the second storage tank 1b
- a signal for opening and closing the third solenoid valve and the fourth solenoid valve is output to the solenoid valve control circuit. It becomes. Therefore, the process for outputting the solenoid valve opening signal (S519) and the process for outputting the closing signal (S526) are for the third solenoid valve, respectively.
- a signal for operating / stopping the electrolyte pump is output to an electrolyte pump drive circuit that controls the first and second electrolyte pumps, but is substantially the same as the electrolyte pump used for the first storage tank 1a. Therefore, I will omit redundant explanations.
- the processing mode in the second electrolyte adsorption processing is substantially the same as the processing mode in the first embodiment as shown in FIG.
- the solenoid valve to be controlled to supply and stop the electrolyte is different. Note that this difference is the same as the difference in the case of the first electrolyte adsorption process, and therefore detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the composite particle manufacturing process executed by the control device 3 performs the modification process of the child particles after the modification process of the mother particles.
- the mother particle processing and the child particle processing may be executed simultaneously in parallel. That is, in the reformer A of the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the first particles (for example, mother particles) are subjected to powder modification treatment, and the reformer B is used to powder the second particles (for example, child particles).
- the body reforming process is performed, and the processes in both apparatuses A and B are performed at the same time.
- the mode of processing executed by the processing device 3 can be realized by executing interrupt processing.
- the control device 3 inputs an interrupt signal when executing the mother particle modification process and the child particle modification process, and controls to end one of the processes.
- each of the devices A and B includes, for example, one control device 3 for one storage tank 1 as in the first embodiment (FIG. 1), and the powder in each of the devices A and B
- the reforming process can be controlled individually.
- the transfer of the liquid containing particles from one of the plurality of storage tanks 1a and 1b to the other can be manually performed by driving the transfer pump and opening and closing the valve.
- the controller 3 may control the drive of the transfer pump 91 and the fifth electromagnetic valve 92 as shown in FIG. 6 while detecting the state of the reforming process.
- the processing flow by the processing device 3 (processing device 3 in FIG. 1) installed individually in each of the devices A and B is as shown in FIGS. This is the same as in the first embodiment. After these processes are completed, it can be operated manually. Moreover, in the case of a configuration in which the transfer pump 91 and the fifth electromagnetic valve 92 are controlled by the control device 3, when both of the devices A and B are finished, the child particle reforming treatment in the second embodiment is over ( Step 111 and subsequent steps in FIG. 8 are executed.
- the surface charges of the first particles (mother particles) and the second particles (child particles) are paralleled regardless of whether the transfer pump and the valve are manually operated or controlled by the control device.
- the total time for modifying the two kinds of particles can be shortened.
- adjustment of the surface charge of both particles is completed, since both particles can be mixed immediately, the production efficiency of composite particles will be further improved.
- the method for producing composite particles according to the embodiment is roughly composed of a charge adjustment step and a mixing step.
- a charge adjusting step is performed on one or both of the particles adhered by electrostatic attraction, and after adjusting the surface charge of the particles to a desired state, both are mixed.
- the mixing method in addition to mixing a liquid containing particles, either one of the particles is contained in the liquid and the other particle is administered to the liquid, or both are mixed in the state of only the particles. There is a case.
- FIG. 11 shows a charge adjustment step when the raw material particles are initially charged positively.
- the positively charged raw material particles are adsorbed with polyanions on the surface and further adsorbed with polycations (hereinafter referred to as “polyanion / polycation adsorbed particles”).
- polyanion / polycation adsorbed particles are adsorbed with polyanions on the surface and further adsorbed with polycations.
- the polyanion solution is gradually added as a regulator to the liquid containing the raw material particles, and then the polycation solution is added (this is the regulator addition step).
- a polyanion solution is added (regulator addition step). Then, the viscosity of the liquid containing the raw material particles is continuously monitored from the start of the initial addition of the polyanion solution (this is a dispersion state measurement step, particularly in the viscosity measurement step when only viscosity is used as an index). is there).
- the supply of the polyanion solution is stopped (this is an addition stop process). By this step, the particles become polyanion adsorbing particles.
- the polycation solution is gradually added (this is also a regulator addition step).
- the polyanion adsorbing particles adsorb the polycation, and the aggregation proceeds gradually.
- the viscosity (dispersion state) is continuously measured (dispersion state measurement step or viscosity measurement step). Then, once the increased viscosity value decreases and the viscosity shows the minimum value (near the vicinity), the supply of the polycation solution is stopped (addition stop step).
- the surface charge is gradually changed to negative by adsorbing the polyanion by supplying the polyanion solution. It becomes.
- the addition of the polyanion solution is stopped when the monitored viscosity value shows a minimum value.
- the reason why the addition of the polyanion solution is stopped when the viscosity is at a minimum value is that when the polyanion solution is continuously added, the polyanion is excessively supplied into the liquid. This is because will rise.
- the polycation solution is supplied next.
- the raw material material adsorbs the polycation and becomes positively charged.
- the viscosity is continuously monitored, and the supply of the polycation solution is stopped when the viscosity shows a minimum value.
- polyanion / polycation adsorbing particles can be produced.
- a polycation solution is added contrary to the above, and then a polyanion solution is added to adsorb the polycations on the surface of the raw material particles, and further the polyanion.
- the viscosity is continuously monitored, and the addition is stopped when the value shows a minimum value.
- the electrolyte having one polarity is adsorbed, and then the electrolyte having the opposite polarity is adsorbed.
- the same polarity electrolyte may be adsorbed on the raw material particles that are already charged to any polarity.
- the raw material particles can be sufficiently charged to the polarity.
- the surface charge of the particles can be adjusted to the opposite polarity by further adsorbing the electrolyte having the opposite polarity to the particles thus charged.
- the particles whose surface charges have been adjusted have been described by exemplifying a state in which electrolytes having different polarities are adsorbed a plurality of times (multiple layers). Furthermore, if the charge density of the particle surface is sufficient by adsorbing the electrolyte having one polarity only once, the particles after the surface charge adjustment are in a state where the electrolyte is adsorbed once (single layer). Also good.
- the surface charge of the particles can be adjusted by executing only one of the first electrolyte adsorption process and the second electrolyte adsorption process.
- composite particles are manufactured by using particles whose surface charges are adjusted according to the above embodiments. That is, composite particles can be produced by mixing positively charged particles and negatively charged particles (mixing step). That is, the two kinds of particles are adsorbed by electrostatic attraction by mixing, and the other particle to be the child particle adheres to the surface of the one particle to be the mother particle.
- FIG. 12 shows a typical example of the above manufacturing method.
- the surface charge of each of the first particles and the second particles is adjusted.
- one particle (the first particle in the drawing) is positively charged, and the other particle (the second particle in the drawing is illustrated). ) Is negatively charged.
- Composite particles are produced by mixing these two kinds of particles.
- the surface charge is adjusted from the state in which the first particles are positively charged and the surface charge is adjusted from the state in which the second particles are negatively charged.
- the surface charge may be adjusted from the state where the first particles are negatively charged and finally charged positively, and the polyanion solution is added from the state where the second particles are positively charged.
- the polyanion adsorbing particles may be constituted. In some cases, the first particles are finally negatively charged. In this case, by charging the second particles positively, the respective particles can be mixed to produce composite particles. .
- the number of additions of the polyanion solution or the polycation solution is arbitrary as described above.
- FIG. 13 shows a model in which two kinds of particles whose surface charges are adjusted as described above are mixed.
- the mother particles positively and charging the child particles negatively, and mixing them, the child particles are attracted to the surface of the mother particles by electrostatic attraction.
- the mother particles are positively charged and the child particles are negatively charged.
- this surface charge may be reversed.
- the mother particles and the child particles are shown in appropriate sizes, but it is obvious that the sizes differ depending on the composite particles to be manufactured.
- Fig. 15 shows the above results in an easy-to-understand manner.
- This figure shows a state in which the initial particles are positively charged and negatively charged by gradually adding polyanions (PSS).
- PSS polyanions
- the zeta potential initially shows a high positive value, the particle surface is positively charged, and the suspension is in a dispersed state.
- the zeta potential is 0, the particle surface is a mixture of positive and negative particles, and both are adsorbed and the suspension is aggregated.
- the zeta potential shifts to negative, the particle surface is negatively charged, and the suspension becomes dispersed again.
- the zeta potential shows a negative value, and after the value reaches near the minimum value, it does not change even when polyanion is added, indicating that the polyanion is not adsorbed on the particles.
- the viscosity of the suspension is monitored, and the electrolyte to be added is changed when the value shows the minimum value. It can be supplied without a shortage.
- the suspension in the initial dispersion state is gradually aggregated by the supply of the polyanion (PSS)
- PSS polyanion
- the viscosity gradually increases, by subsequently supplying polyanion (PSS)
- the suspension is shifted to a dispersed state by being charged negatively, and the viscosity also decreases.
- the electrolyte is changed and polycation (PDDA) is supplied.
- aggregation proceeds and the viscosity increases, but after that, polycation (PDDA) is supplied. Then, the dispersion state is again reached, and the viscosity is also lowered.
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Abstract
Description
次に、上記に示した電荷調整方法により電荷を調整した場合の粘度とゼータ電位との関係について実験した。実験方法は、アルミナ(α-Al2O3)の粒子(直径100nm)を含有する液体に対して、ポリスチレンスルホン酸(PSS)溶液を徐々に添加しつつ粘度とゼータ電位を測定した。また、このようにして作製されたポリアニオン吸着粒子を含有する液体に対し、ポリ(ジアリルメチルアンモニウムクロライド)(PDDA)溶液を徐々に添加した際の粘度とゼータ電位を測定した。
2 振動式粘度計(分散状態測定手段)
3 制御装置
4 第1電解質タンク
5 第2電解質タンク
6,7 供給管
8 撹拌手段
41,51 電解質ポンプ
42,52 電磁弁
Claims (10)
- 第1の粒子と第2の粒子とを静電引力により付着させて複合粒子を製造する複合粒子製造装置において、
第1の粒子または第2の粒子のいずれかを含有する液体を貯留する貯留槽と、
その貯留槽に貯留される液体中の粒子の分散状態を測定する分散状態測定手段と、
前記貯留槽内の液体に含有される粒子の表面電荷を調整するための調整剤を前記貯留槽内に添加した場合に、前記分散状態測定手段により測定される分散状態を記憶する分散状態記憶手段と、
その分散状態記憶手段に記憶される分散状態に基づき前記貯留槽内の液体中の粒子の分散状態が所望状態にあることを示す情報を出力する情報出力手段とを備えていることを特徴とする複合粒子製造装置。 - 第1の粒子と第2の粒子とを静電引力により付着させて複合粒子を製造する複合粒子製造装置において、
第1の粒子または第2の粒子のいずれかを含有する液体を貯留する複数の貯留槽と、
その貯留槽のそれぞれに貯留される液体中の粒子の分散状態を測定する分散状態測定手段と、
前記貯留槽内のそれぞれの液体に含有される粒子の表面電荷を調整するための調整剤を前記貯留槽内に添加した場合に、前記分散状態測定手段により測定される分散状態を記憶する分散状態記憶手段と、
その分散状態記憶手段に記憶される分散状態に基づき前記貯留槽内の液体中の粒子の分散状態が所望状態にあることを示す情報を出力する情報出力手段と、
第1の粒子を含有する液体を貯留する貯留槽と第2の粒子を含有する液体を貯留する貯留槽との間を、一方から他方へ貯留される粒子を含有する液体を移送する移送管と、
その移送管を介して、貯留される粒子を含有する液体を一方の貯留槽から他方の貯留槽へ送出する移送ポンプと、
前記情報出力手段により出力される情報に基づいて、前記移送ポンプを駆動する駆動手段とを備えていることを特徴とする複合粒子製造装置。 - 前記情報出力手段によって出力される所望状態にあることを示す情報は、前記貯留槽内の液体中の粒子が良好に分散している状態にあることを示す情報であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の複合粒子製造装置。
- 調整剤を前記貯留槽に添加する添加手段と、
その添加手段による調整剤の添加を停止させる添加停止手段と、
前記分散状態記憶手段に記憶される分散状態に基づいて分散状態の変化を導出する状態変化導出手段と、
前記状態変化導出手段にて算出される分散状態の変化に基づき、前記貯留槽内の液体中の粒子の分散状態が所望状態であるかを判断する判断手段とを備えており、
前記情報出力手段は、前記判断手段により前記分散状態記憶手段に記憶される分散状態が所望の状態であると判断されると、前記貯留槽内の液体中の粒子の分散状態が所望の状態にあることを示す情報を前記添加停止手段に出力し、
前記添加停止手段は、前記情報出力手段からの情報に基づき、調整剤の添加を停止させるものであることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の複合粒子製造装置。 - 前記判断手段による所望状態であるかの判断は、前記貯留槽内の液体中の粒子が良好に分散している状態であるかを判断するものであり、前記情報出力手段によって出力される所望の状態にあることを示す情報は、前記貯留槽内の液体中の粒子が良好に分散している状態にあることを示す情報であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の複合粒子製造装置。
- 前記分散状態測定手段は、粘度測定手段であることを特徴とする請求項1ないし5のいずれかに記載の複合粒子製造装置。
- 前記粘度測定手段は、振動式粘度計で構成されていることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の複合粒子製造装置。
- 前記貯留槽内に配置され、貯留槽内の粒子を含有する液体を撹拌する撹拌手段を備えていることを特徴とする請求項1ないし7のいずれかに記載の複合粒子製造装置。
- 第1の粒子と第2の粒子とを静電引力により付着させて複合粒子を製造する複合粒子の製造方法において、
第1の粒子または第2の粒子の少なくともいずれか一方の粒子に対し、該粒子の表面電荷が他方の粒子とは反対電荷となるように該表面電荷を調整する電荷調整工程と、
その電荷調整工程にて電荷調整がなされた後に、第1の粒子と第2の粒子とを混合する混合工程とを含み、
前記調整剤添加工程は、第1の粒子または第2の粒子のいずれかを含有する液体に粒子の表面電荷を調整するための調整剤を添加する調整剤添加工程と、
その調整剤添加工程により調整剤が添加された場合に当該液体中の粒子の分散状態を測定する分散状態測定工程と、
その分散状態測定工程により測定される分散状態が所望の状態になると調整剤の添加を停止する添加停止工程とを含むことを特徴とする複合粒子の製造方法。 - 前記分散状態測定工程は、前記粒子を含有する液体の粘度を測定する粘度測定工程であり、前記添加停止工程は、前記粘度測定工程により測定される粘度が極小値近傍になると調整剤の添加を停止する添加停止工程であることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の複合粒子の製造方法。
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JP6083610B2 (ja) | 2017-02-22 |
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