WO2012100369A1 - 一种检测消化道病原体的方法 - Google Patents

一种检测消化道病原体的方法 Download PDF

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WO2012100369A1
WO2012100369A1 PCT/CN2011/000125 CN2011000125W WO2012100369A1 WO 2012100369 A1 WO2012100369 A1 WO 2012100369A1 CN 2011000125 W CN2011000125 W CN 2011000125W WO 2012100369 A1 WO2012100369 A1 WO 2012100369A1
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seq
extension
nos
primer
product
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PCT/CN2011/000125
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English (en)
French (fr)
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姜永强
陈唯军
杨银辉
刘利成
管彦芳
朴静子
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中国人民解放军军事医学科学院微生物流行病研究所
深圳华大基因科技有限公司
北京华大吉比爱生物技术有限公司
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Application filed by 中国人民解放军军事医学科学院微生物流行病研究所, 深圳华大基因科技有限公司, 北京华大吉比爱生物技术有限公司 filed Critical 中国人民解放军军事医学科学院微生物流行病研究所
Priority to PCT/CN2011/000125 priority Critical patent/WO2012100369A1/zh
Priority to CN201180042137.8A priority patent/CN103210093B/zh
Publication of WO2012100369A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012100369A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12QMEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/68Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
    • C12Q1/6876Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
    • C12Q1/6888Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for detection or identification of organisms
    • C12Q1/689Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for detection or identification of organisms for bacteria
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12QMEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/68Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
    • C12Q1/6876Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
    • C12Q1/6883Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for diseases caused by alterations of genetic material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12QMEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q2600/00Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
    • C12Q2600/16Primer sets for multiplex assays
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of molecular biology of pathogenic microorganisms, and relates to a method for detecting digestive tract pathogens.
  • the invention also relates to amplification primers and extension primers for detecting digestive tract pathogens, and kits comprising the same.
  • Background Art Infectious diseases caused by infection of digestive tract pathogens are clinically common and frequently-occurring diseases. Gastrointestinal infectious diseases usually refer to digestive tract diseases caused by bacteria, viruses and other pathogens. They can occur all year round. The incidence is more common in summer and autumn. Common cholera, typhoid fever, viral hepatitis, bacterial dysentery And other infectious diarrhea.
  • pathogens of digestive tract infections often cause water and food contamination, which can lead to emergencies such as outbreaks of infectious diseases and collective morbidity, directly jeopardizing human health and socio-economic development.
  • the pathogens of the digestive tract infectious diseases mainly include intestinal pathogenic bacteria such as Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella, Shigella, and viruses of the genus Enterovirus such as Echovirus, myelitis virus and Cochrane virus.
  • enterovirus 71 an important pathogen causing hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in recent years, has been repeatedly reported and prevalent throughout the world, leading to serious complications and sequelae, and adult death. Therefore, the infection and prevalence of digestive tract pathogens are increasingly worthy of close attention.
  • the traditional separation method is cumbersome to operate, the operator's technical level is relatively high, and the detection period is long. For example, starting from the separation process, the entire identification procedure takes more than 5 days, and the safety of the experiment and the accuracy of the result are guaranteed.
  • ⁇ fixation test CF
  • neutralization enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
  • ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
  • PCR results show that positive results often require sequencing to further confirm; real-time fluorescent PCR technology due to the type of fluorescent labeling and instrument detection channel limitation, etc., only a few pathogens can be detected simultaneously in one system, adapt to the needs of a large number of pathogens .
  • the principle is to add different quality specific sequence tags (MassTag) on the PCR amplification primers, after UV irradiation, the mass label is released from the product, and then the flux
  • MassTag quality specific sequence tags
  • the present invention relates to a method for detecting common digestive tract pathogens, including but not limited to the following 13 digestive tract pathogens: dysentery bacillus, Salmonella typhi, Vibrio cholerae, Listeria monocytogenes, poliovirus, Coxsackie virus, enterovirus type 71, enterovirus generic, hepatitis E virus, echovirus, norovirus, astrovirus and reovirus.
  • 13 pathogen designs were divided into two reaction systems.
  • the reaction system 1 includes four digestive tract pathogens: dysentery bacillus, Salmonella typhimurium, Vibrio cholerae, and Listeria monocytogenes.
  • System 2 includes 9 digestive tract viruses: ridge virus, coxsackie virus, enterovirus 71, enterovirus universal, hepatitis E virus, echovirus, norovirus, astrovirus, resuscitation virus.
  • the method includes the steps of:
  • the extension primer is used to obtain an extension product by an extension reaction, such as a single base extension reaction, preferably, the molecular weight difference between each extension primer is not less than 9 Daltons, and The molecular weight difference between each extension product and between the extension product and the corresponding extension primer is not less than 30 Dalton, and the extension primer is directed to a relatively conserved region in the sequence amplified by the amplification primer; 3) performing mass transfer detection on the extension product by a mass spectrometry system to determine the peak of the sample, by comparing the molecular weight information of the extension product with the molecular weight of the extension primer 3 ⁇ 4 mt (for example, using Typer 4.0 analysis software provided by Sequenom) Aligning) determining a particular type of gastrointestinal pathogen to be detected, preferably performing a qualitative detection of the extension product or purified extension product using a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry system, said
  • the extension product of the extension reaction is purified to obtain a purified extension product.
  • the purpose of the present invention can be achieved without removing the dNTPs in the amplified product, but removing the dNTPs in the amplified product preferably excludes the effect of the unconsumed dNTPs on the extension reaction in the base extension scheme.
  • purification of the extension product is not necessary to achieve the present invention, but purification of the extension product can facilitate analysis of the extension product by the mass spectrometry system, resulting in a higher quality peak.
  • the nucleotide sequence of the amplification primer pair used in the method of the invention comprises SEQ ID NO: 1 and 2, SEQ ID NO: 3 and 4, SEQ ID NOs: 5 and 6, SEQ ID NO 7 and 8, SEQ ID NOs: 9 and 10, SEQ ID NOs: 11 and 12, SEQ ID NOS: 13 and 14, SEQ ID NOS: 15 and 16, SEQ ID NOs: 17 and 18, SEQ ID NO: 19 And 20, one or more pairs of SEQ ID NOS: 21 and 22, SEQ ID NOS: 23 and 24, and SEQ ID NOS: 25 and 26.
  • the 5' end of the amplification primer further comprises a tag sequence, such as SEQ ID NO:40.
  • the nucleotide sequence of the extension primer used in the methods of the invention comprises one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 27-39.
  • the amplification primer pair and extension primer used in the method of the invention are directed against the pathogen of reaction system 1 or 2.
  • the sample is selected from samples derived from the human body (e.g., serum, whole blood, feces, saliva, sweat, hair), soil, food, water, pure pathogen cultures, and vector organisms carrying such pathogens.
  • the gastrointestinal pathogen to be detected is selected from the group consisting of dysentery bacillus, Salmonella typhi, Vibrio cholerae, Listeria monocytogenes, myelitis virus, Coxsackie virus, enterovirus 71, enterovirus One or more of general-purpose, hepatitis E virus, echovirus, virus, astrovirus, and reovirus.
  • the present method solves the current detection method with low sensitivity, poor specificity, and multiple Detection, high cost, long cycle, low degree of automation.
  • the method of the invention has the following advantages:
  • the reagents used are relatively simple, the reaction system is stable, and it is not necessary to use expensive reagents such as fluorescent dyes and special enzymes, and it is not easy to cause environmental pollution;
  • reaction can be carried out in a trace system, which reduces the use of samples and various consumables and reduces costs;
  • the quality technology itself is highly automated. Combined with multi-primer extension technology, it can simultaneously detect multiple respiratory pathogens in one reaction system, saving time, manpower and material resources and improving detection throughput.
  • the technical scheme of the present invention adopts a quality technology, in particular, a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry system (MALDI-TOF-MS), and realizes a pair by designing a new set of amplification primer pairs and extension primers. Detection of the above 13 digestive tract pathogens. Compared with other existing methods, it can accurately detect 13 kinds of digestive tract pathogens at the same time, and has the characteristics of high throughput, automation and low cost, and has significant advantages.
  • MALDI-TOF-MS matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry system
  • the invention also relates to amplification primer pairs and/or extension primers for detecting one or more of the 13 common gastrointestinal pathogens.
  • the nucleotide sequence of the amplification primer comprises SEQ ID NO: 1 and 2, SEQ ID NO: 3 and 4, SEQ ID NO: 5 and 6, SEQ ID NO: 7 and 8, SEQ ID NOs: 9 and 10, SEQ ID NOs: 11 and 12, SEQ ID NOs: 13 and 14, SEQ ID NOs: 15 and 16, SEQ ID NOs: 17 and 18, SEQ ID NOs: 19 and 20, SEQ ID NO: 21 and 22, SEQ ID NOS: 23 and 24, and one or more pairs of SEQ ID NOS: 25 and 26.
  • a tag sequence is further included at the 5' end of the amplification primer.
  • the nucleotide sequence of the extension primer comprises one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 27-39.
  • the invention also relates to a kit comprising an amplification primer pair and/or an extension primer for detecting one or more of 13 common gastrointestinal pathogens.
  • the nucleotide sequence of the amplification primer comprises SEQ ID NO: 1 and 2, SEQ ID NO: 3 and 4, SEQ ID NO: 5 and 6, SEQ ID NO: 7 and 8, SEQ ID NO: 9 and 10, SEQ ID NO: 11 and 12, SEQ ID NO: 13 and 14, SEQ ID NO: 15 and 16, SEQ ID NO: 17 and 18, One or more pairs of SEQ ID NOS: 19 and 20, SEQ ID NOS: 21 and 22, SEQ ID NOS: 23 and 24, and SEQ ID NO: 25 and 26.
  • a tag sequence is further included at the 5' end of the amplification primer.
  • the nucleotide sequence of the stretched primer comprises one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 27-39.
  • the amplification primer pair and the extension primer in the kit of the invention are directed against the pathogen of system 1 or 2.
  • the purpose of using the tag sequences in the present invention is only to increase the molecular weight of the primer sequences linked to the tag sequences, in order to eliminate the influence of these primers in subsequent experiments, and those skilled in the art can select different tags according to needs and general primer design principles.
  • the sequence is achieved to achieve the object of the present invention.
  • any sequence of tags that achieves the above objectives and that does not interact with the analyte of interest can be used in some embodiments.
  • the other reagents in the kits described above are enzymes and reagents for PCR amplification reactions, enzymes and reagents for extension reactions, and/or resins for purification of extension products.
  • the extension reaction may be a single base extension reaction, a double extension reaction or a multiple extension reaction.
  • the invention relates to the use of the above-described amplification primer pair and/or extension primer for detecting a digestive tract pathogen in a sample; or the above kit for detecting a digestive tract pathogen in a sample use. In some embodiments, the invention relates to the use of the above-described amplification primer pair and/or extension primer for the preparation of a kit for detecting a digestive tract pathogen in a sample.
  • PCR amplification primers for the 13 common digestive tract pathogens are exemplarily shown in Tables 1 and 2 below, respectively.
  • the method of the present invention has the advantages of rapid, high efficiency, parallelization, automation, and high throughput, enabling simultaneous detection of one or more of 13 common gastrointestinal infection pathogens. It can quickly and screen the digestive tract pathogens, and provide efficient detection methods for pathogens, clinical disease diagnosis, environmental testing, food poisoning testing, import and export food quarantine, epidemiological investigation and health supervision. Outbreaks and emergency prevention provide the basis for testing.
  • the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The various objects and various advantageous aspects of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the ⁇
  • the peak height of the primer peak and the height of the peak of the product in the peak map are related to the concentration of the primer added in the experiment, the pathogen load of the sample to be tested, and the specific experiment needs specific analysis.
  • the following peak map is only for reference and is for better description. implementation plan.
  • Figure 1 is a peak image of a test result for a plasmid of Listeria monocytogenes (Iap) showing that the peak at mass 6740.4 and the peak at mass 6469.2 (corresponding to the extended primer peak) disappeared significantly, indicating that the sample Contains a plasmid for Listeria monocytogenes (iap).
  • Figure 2 is a peak image of the detection result of the enterovirus 71 (EV71) plasmid sample, which shows that there is a distinct peak spectrum at the mass 6548.1, and the peak at the shield amount 6221.0 (corresponding to the extended primer peak) disappears obviously. This indicates that the sample contains enterovirus 71 (EV71) plasmid.
  • Figure 3 is a peak image of the results of a clinical mixed-infected pathogen sample showing the individual peaks detected. It can be seen from the figure that there are obvious peaks in the two positions of EV71 (T) and EV71_cmn (T), because there are enterovirus 71 and enterovirus common types in the sample.
  • T EV71
  • T_cmn enterovirus 71 and enterovirus common types in the sample.
  • the present invention provides a method of detecting a digestive tract pathogen in a sample comprising the steps of:
  • the extension primer is directed to a relatively conserved region in the sequence amplified by the amplification primer;
  • the analysis software performs an alignment to determine the specific type of digestive tract pathogen to be detected, preferably by mass-detecting the extension product or the purified extension product using a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry system, the peak and
  • the amplification primer pair and extension primer information are preferably introduced into Typer 4.0 analysis software (supplied by Sequenom) for analysis of the detection results.
  • step 1) of the above method one skilled in the art can perform PCP amplification according to a conventional PCR amplification method.
  • PCR amplification one skilled in the art can select PCR amplification conditions based on amplification of the nucleic acid of interest, primers, and other conditions.
  • the method of reverse-transcription of RNA in the sample into cDNA can be achieved by a person skilled in the art by a conventional method, and the sample in step 1) can be a sample to be detected, for example, from Samples of the human or animal body (eg serum, whole blood, feces, saliva, sweat, hair), soil, food, water, pure pathogen cultures and carrying such pathogens ⁇ vector organisms - in step 2 of the above method,
  • the extension reaction in accordance with a conventional extension method.
  • extension reaction conditions based on the extended nucleic acid, extension primers, and other conditions.
  • mass spectrometric detection and analysis of the extension product or purified extension product can be accomplished by a mass spectrometry system.
  • mass spectrometry systems commonly used in the art have Sequenom MALDI-TOF and Typer 4.0 analysis software, Bruce Dalton's matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight mass spectrometer (MALDI-TOF), Shimadzu's matrix-assisted laser dissociation ion source-linear Time of flight mass spectrometry
  • the SAP enzyme processes the amplification product to remove dNTPs.
  • Amplification primers and extension primers can be designed and prepared as follows: According to the selected 13 gene sequences of the digestive tract pathogens to be tested, specific amplification primers for each digestive tract pathogen are designed, and the designed amplification primer region is designed. It is relatively conserved within the species of each pathogen, and is specific between species.
  • the 5' end of the amplification primer may have a tag sequence (Tag), for example, SEQ ID NO: 40 ( acgttggat ) used in the use.
  • Tag tag sequence
  • SEQ ID NO: 40 acgttggat
  • the purpose of the tagging sequence is to increase the molecular weight of the primer sequence to rule out its effect in subsequent steps.
  • the extension primers were designed to have a length of 17-28 and the 3' end of iLji includes 5 highly conserved site markers specific for the pathogen type. Meanwhile, the molecular weight difference between each extension primer is not less than 9 Daltons, and the molecular weight difference between the extension products of each pathogen type and between the extension product and the corresponding extension primer is not less than 30 Daltons; according to primers, primers The primer is not designed to form a dimer with the amplification product/extension product, the primer itself does not form a hairpin structure, and the primer does not mismatch with the template.
  • the extension primers used for the qualitative detection satisfy the following conditions: the molecules* between the extension products and between the extension products and the respective extension primers are not less than 30 Daltons, and the molecular weight between each extension primers The difference is not less than 9 Daltons, and the molecular weight of the extension primer and the extension product is between 4500 and 8500 Daltons.
  • the primers are designed according to the principle that primers, primers and products do not form dimers, primers themselves do not form hairpin structures, and primers and templates do not mismatch.
  • Table 1 For the amplification primer pairs of the 13 common digestive tract pathogens in the present invention, see Table 1, and the extension primers are shown in Table 2.
  • Example 1 Example 1:
  • a method for detecting sputum (L. monocytogenes, enterovirus 71) of two pathogens comprises the following steps: (1) An amplification product of a sequence of a target plasmid to be tested is obtained by PCR amplification.
  • the amplification primer set used is 1 (the corresponding primer combination in the system 1 or 2 where the pathogen is to be detected), wherein each primer is prepared by adding a 10 base tag sequence (acgttggatg) at its 5' end.
  • the purpose is to increase the amount of primer sequences to rule out their effects in subsequent steps.
  • the PCR reaction conditions were: 94, 15 minutes; 94 denaturation for 20 seconds, 56 annealing for 30 seconds, 72 € for 1 minute, and a total of 45 cycles; the final extension was 3 minutes.
  • the template DNA used therein is an artificially constructed pathogen plasmid.
  • the pathogen plasmid used in this example was prepared as follows: In the gene-stable region, the amplification products were separately cloned into a PMD-T vector (Takara PMD-T ligation kit), and then transformed into Escherichia coli DH5a. The transformed E. coli was subjected to blue-white spot screening and secondary expansion culture, and used for plasmid extraction. The plasmid was extracted and purified using a plasmid extraction kit (purchased from AXYGEN). The plasmid was identified by DNA sequencing. The OD values of the prepared plasmids were determined separately.
  • Each type of plasmid was diluted to a storage concentration of three concentrations of 500 pg/ ⁇ 5 pg/ ⁇ and 0.5 pg/ ⁇ according to the OD value.
  • the copy number of 1 ng of plasmid was then calculated according to the molar formula: copy number of 1 ng plasmid - [1 x 10-9/12 X 330 x (carrier molecular weight + insert molecular weight)] X 6.02 10 23 .
  • each type of plasmid was diluted to 1000 copies/ ⁇ 1 based on this value.
  • the plasmid concentration in this example was 1000 copies/ ⁇ 1.
  • the sterile double distilled water is used as a negative control, and the control sample is reacted and tested in the same process as the sample to be tested, and the validity is measured by ⁇ r.
  • the dNTP contained in the amplification product obtained in the step (1) is removed by treatment with a bad alkaline phosphatase (SAP enzyme).
  • SAP enzyme reaction system is as follows, all reagents were purchased from Sequenom:
  • the SAP enzyme reaction conditions were 37 incubated for 40 minutes to remove the remaining dNTPs in the PCR amplification reaction; 85" C was incubated for 5 minutes to inactivate the SAP enzyme.
  • extension primer of the corresponding reaction system 1 or 2 in the extension primer 2 used.
  • the extension ⁇ system is as follows, all reagents were purchased from Sequenom:
  • extension primer mixture is linearly adjusted according to the molecular weight of each primer (i.e., the amount of each primer used is calculated based on the molecular weight of each extension primer).
  • Extended reaction conditions 94V, 30 seconds; denaturation for 5 seconds, annealing for 5 seconds, 80* extension for 5 seconds, a total of 40 cycles of amplification, and annealing and extension in each cycle for 5 small cycles; Finally 72 X: extended for 3 minutes.
  • the extension product obtained in the step (3) was purified using an ion exchange resin (purchased from Sequenom Co.). 6 m g resin was added in the extension product, 18.00 ⁇ water, a vertical shake for one hour. After the step, the resin will be fully combined with the cations in the system to desalinate the system.
  • the purified extension product after completion of the reaction can be stored at 4 for several days or at -20 for several weeks. After the resulting purified extension product was centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 5 minutes, the supernatant was taken directly for the qualitative detection.
  • the purified extension product was subjected to shield detection on a MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer (purchased from Sequenom) according to the manufacturer's recommended procedure. According to the supplier's instructions, the obtained quality was obtained by Typer4. 0 analysis software (supplied by Sequenom) was used to analyze the results.
  • the peak map report - ⁇ is divided into four types: A: reliable results; B: moderately reliable results; C: results are generally reliable; D: results ⁇ A reliable.
  • the first three expressions are reliable and there is a corresponding pathogen infection; the latter indicates that the peak map is unstable and the result is invalid. However, in the specific experiment, it should be analyzed according to the information of the information and the peak map.
  • a mass spectrometric detection detected a peak at a mass of 6740.4, and the peak was confirmed to be a monocyte bacterium by software analysis.
  • Figure 2 shows the results of detection of enterovirus 71 (EV71) plasmid.
  • the enterovirus 71 (EV71) plasmid was used as the template DNA, the sputum detection detected a peak at a mass of 6548.1, which was confirmed by software analysis to be an enterovirus 71 (EV71) extension product.
  • the peak while the peak at mass 6221.0 (corresponding to the extended primer peak) does not exist, indicating that the extension primer has been consumed, thereby confirming that the sample contains the Enterovirus 71 (EV71) plasmid.
  • the primers and methods developed by the present invention can achieve 13 common pathogens of gastrointestinal infections (including Shigella, Salmonella typhi, Vibrio cholerae, Listeria monocytogenes, poliovirus, Koza Detection and identification of odd-virus, enterovirus 71, enterovirus universal, hepatitis E virus, echovirus, norovirus, astrovirus, and reovirus.
  • gastrointestinal infections including Shigella, Salmonella typhi, Vibrio cholerae, Listeria monocytogenes, poliovirus, Koza Detection and identification of odd-virus, enterovirus 71, enterovirus universal, hepatitis E virus, echovirus, norovirus, astrovirus, and reovirus.
  • Example 2 Example 2:
  • a method for detecting a clinically collected pathogen mixed infection sample including the following steps:
  • Step (2) - (6) Same as steps (1) - (5) in Example 1, except that the template DNA used in the PCR amplification reaction system is the clinical sample DNA prepared in the above step (1) and cDNA, and amplification primers and extension primers corresponding to the amplification primers and extension primer system 2 used.
  • Figure 3 is a primordial peak map using clinical mixed-infected pathogen cDNA as a template showing the individual peaks detected.
  • the corresponding extended primer peak position, and the peak position of only the single base of the same color represents the peak position of the product extending the base, such as UEP.EV71 indicating the position of the extended primer of enterovirus 71 type.
  • T represents the position of the extension product of enterovirus 71.
  • the primers and methods developed by the present invention can achieve multiple detection of 13 common digestive tract mixed infectious pathogens in clinical samples.

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Description

一种检测消化道病原体的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及病原微生物分子生物学领域, 真体而言涉及消化道病原体 的检测方法。 本发明还涉及用于检测消化道病原体的扩增引物和延伸引物, 以及包含这些引物的试剂盒。 背景技术 消化道病原体感染引起的传染性疾病是临床上的常见病、 多发病。 消化道 传染性疾病通常是指由细菌、 病毒等病原体导致的消化道传播疾病, 一年四季 均可发病, 以夏秋季发病较为多见, 常见的有霍乱、 伤寒、 病毒性肝炎、 细菌 性痢疾及其他感染性腹泻等。 由于消化道感染的病原体经常造成水源和食品污 染, 由此可引起传染病暴发流行和集体发病等突发事件, 直接危害人类健康和 社会经济的发展。消化道传染病的病原体主要包括单核细胞李氏菌、沙门氏菌、 志贺氏菌等肠道致病菌, 以及埃可病毒、 脊髓 炎病毒和柯 ^奇病毒等肠道 病毒属的病毒。 特别是近年来引起手足口病(HFMD )的重要病原体肠道病毒 71型, 已在世界范围内多次暴发与流行, 导致了严重的并发症和后遗症, 并造 成人死亡。 因此, 消化道病原体的感染和流行越来越值得密切关注。
及时准确地检出消化道感染的病原体, 对于早期发现传染源、 控制疾病流 行及有效治疗均具有重要意义。
目前, 医院及实验室常规使用病原体分离培养、 生理生化、 血清型水平鉴 定等方法对消化道常见病原体进行检测。
传统的分离方法操作比较繁瑣, 对操作人员技术水平要求比较高, 且检测 的周期长, 如从分离过程开始计算, 整个鉴定程序需 5天以上, 实验安全性和 结果准确性 ^保证。
血清学检测方法, 包括 ^固定试验(CF )、 中和¾ ^酶联免疫吸附法 ( ELISA ). ^固定试验(CF )的假阳性率高, 容易误诊; 中和 耗时、 繁瑣且费用高; ELISA检测中抗^ ^在交叉^ ί,并且蛋白质样品不能长期保 存。
分子生物学技术如 PCR、 实时荧光 PCR技术等的引入大大改善了检测和 鉴定病原体的现状, 提高了鉴定水平, 但是经过长期的反复验证, 证明这些方 法均存在假阳性结果。 PCR显示阳性的结果常需要测序才能进一步确认; 实时 荧光 PCR技术由于荧光标记种类和仪器检测通道限制等原因, 在一个 体 系中只能对少数几种病原体进行同时检测, 适应大量病原 ^测的需要。
目前, 也有一些实猃室利用质博技术进行多重病原体检测, 其原理是在 PCR扩增引物上加入不同质量的特异序列标签( MassTag),经过紫外照射使质 量标签从产物上释放, 继而通 量光旙法分析检测到的不同质量标签, 从而 对病原体进行鉴定。此方法自动化程度不高,操作较为复杂,难以向临床推广。
针对消化道感染病原体的特点, 建立起高效、 快速、 筒便、 特异的检测方 法, 以适应疫情筛查和临床检测的需求, 是当前消化道传染性疾病防治工作的 重占 发明内容
本发明涉及一种能够检测常见消化道病原体的方法,所述病原体包括但 不限于以下 13种消化道病原体: 痢疾杆菌、 伤寒沙门氏菌、 霍乱弧菌、 单 核细胞李氏菌、 脊髓灰质炎病毒、 柯萨奇病毒、 肠道病毒 71型、 肠道病毒 通用型、 戊型肝炎病毒、 埃可病毒、 诺如病毒、 星状病毒和呼肠病毒。 根据 病原体基因组核酸类型(0 或者1«>^ )差异,将 13种病原体设计分成 2 个反应体系。
反应体系 1包括 4种消化道致病菌: 痢疾杆菌、伤寒沙门氏菌、 霍乱弧 菌、 单核细胞李氏菌。
体系 2包括 9种消化道病毒: 脊^ 炎病毒、柯萨奇病毒、肠道 病毒 71型、 肠道病毒通用型、 戊型肝炎病毒、 埃可病毒、 诺如病毒、 星状 病毒、 呼肠病毒。
所述方法包括如步骤:
1 )使用扩增引物对对样品 cDNA或 DNA进行 PCR扩增, 从而获得 扩增产物, 所述扩增引物对针对的是每种待检测消化道病原体基因组 序列的保守区;
2 )以步骤 1 ) 中获得的扩增产物为模板, 使用延伸引物通过延伸 反应, 例如单碱基延伸反应, 获得延伸产物, 优选各延伸引物之间的分 子量差异不小于 9道尔顿,且各延伸产物之间以及延伸产物与相应延伸引物 之间的分子量差异不小于 30道尔顿, 所述延伸引物针对的是扩增引物所 扩增序列中相对保守的区域; 3 )用质谱系统对所述延伸产物进行质傳检测确定样品的谱峰,通过 将所述 与延伸引物分子量 ¾mt应延伸产物分子量信息比对(例如,使用 由 Sequenom公司提供的 Typer4.0分析软件进行比对)确定待检测的消化道 病原体的具体类型,优选用基质辅助激光解吸附 /电离飞行时间质谱系统 对所述延伸产物或纯化的延伸产物进行质讲检测,所述诸峰和所述扩增 I 物对和延伸? I物信息优选被导入 Typer4.0分析软件(由 Sequenom公司提供 ) 中以进行检测结果的分析。
在一个实施方案中, 还优选在步骤 1和步驟 2 )之间包括除 dNTP步 骤: 除去所述扩增产物中的 dNTP; 并且 /或者还优选在步骤 2和步骤 3 ) 之间包括纯化步骤: 纯化所述延伸反应的延伸产物以获得纯化的延伸产 物。 本领域技术人员可以理解, 不除去扩增产物中的 dNTP可以实现本发 明的目的,但除去扩增产物中的 dNTP优选在碱基延伸方案中可以排除 未消耗 dNTP对延伸反应的影响。 并且纯化延伸产物也不是实现本发 明所必须, 但纯化延伸产物可以有利于质谱系统对延伸产物分析, 从 而得到更加高质量的谱峰。
在一个实施方案中, 本发明的方法所使用的扩增引物对的核苷酸序列 包含 SEQ ID NO: 1和 2、 SEQ ID NO: 3和 4、 SEQ ID NO: 5和 6、 SEQ ID NO: 7和 8、 SEQ ID NO: 9和 10、 SEQ ID NO: 11和 12、 SEQ ID NO: 13和 14、 SEQ ID NO: 15和 16、 SEQ ID NO: 17和 18、 SEQ ID NO: 19 和 20、 SEQ ID NO: 21和 22、 SEQ ID NO: 23和 24以及 SEQ ID NO: 25和 26 中的一对或多对。 在一些实施方案中, 在所述扩增引物的 5, 端还包含标签序列, 例如 SEQ ID NO: 40。 在一些实施方籴中, 本发明 的方法所使用的延伸引物的核苷酸序列包含 SEQ ID NO: 27-39中的一个 或多个。 在一些实施方案中, 本发明的方法所使用的扩增引物对和延伸引 物是针对反应体系 1或 2的病原体。
在一个优选实施方案中, 样品选自来自人体的样品 (例如血清、 全 血、 粪便、 唾液、 汗液、 毛发)、 土壤、 食物、 水、 纯病原体培养物和 携带此类病原体的媒介生物。在一个优选实施方案中,待检测的消化道病 原体选自痢疾杆菌、 伤寒沙门氏菌、 霍乱弧菌、单核细胞李氏菌、 脊髓 炎病毒、 柯萨奇病毒、 肠道病毒 71型、 肠道病毒通用型、 戊型肝炎病毒、 埃可病毒、 病毒、 星状病毒和呼肠病毒中的一种或多种。
采用本方法解决了目前的检测方法灵敏度低,特异性差, 做到多重 检测, 成本高, 周期长, 自动化程度低的缺陷。
与目前的检测方法相比, 本发明的方法具有如下优点:
1 )使用的试剂耗材相对简单,反应体系稳定, 不需要使用荧光染料、 特 殊的酶等价格昂贵的试剂, 且不易造成环境污染;
2 )反应可以在微量体系中进行, 减少了样品和各种消耗品的使用, 降低 成本;
3 ) 由于质谱技术直接检测 DNA的分子量(质荷比)且直接确定碱基 的类型 (即不需要经过任何形式的信号转换), 因此, 理论上只要有一个拷 贝的扩增 DNA片段被扩增即可识别, 从而具有高的灵敏度;
4 )质溽技术本身具有高度自动化的特点, 与多引物延伸技术相结合, 可 以在一个反应体系中同时检测多种呼吸道病原体, 节省时间、 人力、 物力, 提 高检测通量。
同时, 本发明的技术方案采用了质 技术, 特别是基质辅助激光解吸 附 /电离飞行时间质谱系统(MALDI-TOF-MS ), 通过设计一套全新的扩增 引物对和延伸引物, 实现了对上述 13种消化道病原体的检测。 其与其它现 有方法相比, 能够同时准确检测出 13种消化道病原体, 具有高通量、 自动 化、 低成本的特点, 有显著的优点。
本发明还涉及用于检测 13种常见消化道病原体中一种或多种的扩增引 物对和 /或延伸引物。在一些实施方案中, 所述扩增引物的核苷酸序列包舍 SEQ ID NO: 1和 2、 SEQ ID NO: 3和 4、 SEQ ID NO: 5和 6、 SEQ ID NO: 7和 8、 SEQ ID NO: 9和 10、 SEQ ID NO: 11和 12、 SEQ ID NO: 13和 14、 SEQ ID NO: 15和 16、 SEQ ID NO: 17和 18、 SEQ ID NO: 19 和 20、 SEQ ID NO: 21和 22、 SEQ ID NO: 23和 24以及 SEQ ID NO: 25和 26中的一对或多对。
在一些实施方案中, 在所述扩增引物的 5'端还包含标签序列。在一 些实施方案中, 所述延伸引物的核苷酸序列包含 SEQ ID NO: 27-39中的 一个或多个。
本发明还涉及包含用于检测 13种常见消化道病原体中一种或多种的扩 增引物对和 /或延伸引物的试剂盒。 在一些实施方案中, 所述扩增引物的核 苷酸序列包含 SEQ ID NO: 1和 2、 SEQ ID NO: 3和 4、 SEQ ID NO: 5 和 6、 SEQ ID NO: 7和 8、 SEQ ID NO: 9和 10、 SEQ ID NO: 11和 12、 SEQ ID NO: 13和 14、 SEQ ID NO: 15和 16、 SEQ ID NO: 17和 18、 SEQ ID NO: 19和 20、 SEQ ID NO: 21和 22、 SEQ ID NO: 23和 24 以及 SEQ ID NO: 25和 26中的一对或多对。在一些实施方案中, 在所 述扩增引物的 5'端还包含标签序列。在一些实施方案中,所 伸引物的 核苷酸序列包含 SEQ ID NO: 27-39中的一个或多个。 在一些实施方案 中, 本发明的试剂盒中的扩增引物对和延伸引物是针对^ ί体系 1或 2的病 原体。
本发明中使用标签序列的目的仅是为了增加与标签序列相连的引物序 列的分子量, 以排除这些引物在后续试验的影响,本领域技术人员可以根据 需要以及通常的引物设计原则选择使用不同的标签序列,而实现本发明的目 的。 因此, 在一些实施方案中可以使用任何可以达到上述目的, 且不会与检 测目的物相互作用的标签序列。
在一些实施方案中,上述的试剂盒中的其他试剂为用于 PCR扩增 反应的酶和试剂, 用于延伸反应的酶和试剂, 以及 /或者用于纯化延伸 产物的树脂。 所述延伸反应可以是单碱基延伸反应、 双^ JJ^伸反应或 多¾ ^伸反应。
在一些实施方案中, 本发明涉及上述的扩增引物对和 /或延伸引物 用于对样品中的消化道病原体进行检测的用途; 或者上述试剂盒用于 对样品中的消化道病原体进行检测的用途。 在一些实施方案中, 本发 明涉及上述的扩增引物对和 /或延伸引物用于制备试剂盒的用途, 所述 试剂盒用于检测样品中的消化道病原体。
以下表 1和表 2中分别示例性显示了针对所迷 13种常见的消化道 病原体的 PCR扩增引物, 以及针对所述 13种消化道病原体的延伸引物。
表 1: 针对所述 13种常见的消化道病原体的 PCR扩增引物
SEQ ID NO. 引物名称 引物序列 5'-3' 引物说明
1 invAF CAAATGGGTTGTTCAACAGC 伤寒沙门氏菌正向引物
2 invAR TGCCGGTTTTATCGTGACTC 伤寒沙门氏菌反向引物
3 iapF ACGTGAGAAATTCCGCTACC 单核细胞李氏菌正向引物
4 iapR GCACTACAAGAATCTCTGAATCTC 单核细胞李氏菌反向引物
5 ctxAF AGCACCCCAAAATGAACTCG 霍乱孤菌正向引物 · · '
6 ctxAR CAGTCCTCATCCAGATGAAC 霍乱弧菌反向引物
7 ipaBF TCAATGCAACTCGAAAAAGA 痢疾杆菌正向引物 ipaBR GATTTCTGCTGGGTTGATAG 痢疾杆菌反向引物
ECHOF TGGGACGCTTCAATACTGACATGG 埃可病毒正向引物
ECHO CAGTTAGGATTAGCCGCATTCA 埃可病毒反向引物
COXA16F GGTGCAGAAACACCATCATC 柯萨奇病毒正向引物
COXA16R GCAGTAAAGCAAGGCATACCA 柯萨奇病毒反向引物 astrvF GGAATTCTGATATCCGGCAGA 星状病毒正向引物 asrevR CATTCTGATGCGCCTCTAAG 星状病毒反向引物
REVF TTGGATCTCTGCAACGCAAG 呼肠病毒正向引物
REVR CGACGTAATCCTGATGACGA 呼肠病毒反向引物
EV71F ACCCTATCTCCCTGGATGGT 肠道病毒 71型正向引物
EV71R GCAGCCCAAAAGAACTTCAC 肠道病毒 71型反向引物
NVG5F GTCCCTTGACAAGACCACTTC i ^。病毒正向引物
NVG5R CTGTGAAGGATTCCCCGTT 1¾ 病毒反向引物
HEVF TAAAGCTTCACTGTCGGCTC 戊型肝炎病毒正向引物
HEVR GAATTGATTTCGTCGGCTGG 戊型肝炎病毒反向引物
PLVF ACGTTCACTCCTGACGACAA 炎病毒正向 1物
PLVR TGCCATTTCCAAAGAGGTAATCC ^k J 炎病毒反向 51物
EV71-cmnF TTGATACTCAGTCCGGGGAAACAG 肠道病毒通用型正向引物
EV71-cmnR TCAATAGCAGGCATAACGCTCC ^道病毒通用型反向引物 表 2: 针对所述 13种消化道病原体的延伸引物
Figure imgf000008_0001
34 UEPREV TGAAGCATTTGCCTCACCATA 呼肠病毒
35 UEPEV71 AAGTTGTGCAAGGATGCTAG 肠道病毒 71型
36 UEPNVG5 CACATGCGGAAAAACGAC 口病毒
37 UEPHEV AGACGACGGGGCGAGAGTAAAATA 戊型肝炎病毒
38 UEPPLV GACATCACCTGCCCGTAG 炎病毒
39 UEPEV71-cmn AGTTATGTCTTGATCAAGCACT 肠道病毒通用型 本发明的方法具有快速、 高效、 平行化、 自动化、 高通量的优势, 实现了 对 13种常见消化道感染病原体中的一种或多种进行同时检测, 可以对消化道 病原体进行快速、 筛查, 为病原 定、 临床疾病诊断、 环 测、 食 物中毒检测、 进出口食品检疫、 流行病学调查和卫生监督等提供高效的检测方 法, 为控制疫情的暴发和应急预防提供检测依据。 附图说明 下面将结合附图和实施例对本发明的实施方案进行详细描述, 但是 本领域技术人员应理解, 下列附图和实施例仅用于说明本发明, 而不是 对本发明的范围进行限定。 本领域技术人员参考如下对附图和优选实施 方案的详细描述, 显然可以明了本发明的各种目的和各个有利方面。
峰图中引物峰潘高度和产物峰语高度与实验中加入的引物浓度、 检 测样品消化道病原体载量等有关, 具体实验需要具体分析, 以下峰图仅 作为参考并且是为了更好地描述优选实施方案。
图 1是对单核细胞李氏菌( iap )质粒样品的检测结果峰图,其中显示在质 量 6740.4处有明显的 而在质量 6469.2处的峰(对应于延伸引物峰)明 显消失, 这表明样品中含有单核细胞李氏菌(iap )质粒。
图 2是对肠道病毒 71型( EV71 )质粒样品的检测结果峰图, 其中显示在 质量 6548.1处有明显的峰谱, 而在盾量 6221.0处的峰 (对应于延伸引物峰 ) 明显消失, 这表明样品中含有肠道病毒 71型(EV71 )质粒。
图 3是对临床混合感染病原体样本的检测结果峰图, 其中显示了检测到的 各个峰。 从图中可以看出, EV71 ( T )和 EV71_cmn ( T )两个位置有明显的 峰存在, 因 明样本中存在肠道病毒 71型和肠道病毒通用型。 具体实施方式 本发明提供了一种对样品中的消化道病原体进行检测的方法, 其 包括以下步骤:
1 )使用扩增引物对对样品 cDNA或 DNA进行 PCR扩增, 从而获得 扩增产物, 所述扩增引物对针对的是每种待检测病原体基因组序列的 保守区;
2 )以步骤 1 ) 中获得的扩增产物为模板, 使用延伸引物通过延伸 反应, 例如单碱基延伸反应, 获得延伸产物, 优选各延伸引物之间分子 量差异不小于 9道尔顿,且各延伸产物之间 5½伸产物与相应延伸引物之间 的分子量差异不小于 30道尔顿, 所述延伸引物针对的是扩增引物所扩增 序列中相对保守的区域;
3 )用质谱系统对所述延伸产物进行质讲检测确定样品的谱峰,并通 过将所述 与延伸引物分子量 Sjf†应延伸产物分子量信息比对(例如,使 用由 Sequenom公司提供的 Typer4.0分析软件进行比对)确定待检测的消化 道病原体的具体类型,优选用基质辅助激光解吸附 /电离飞行时间质谱系 统对所述延伸产物或纯化的延伸产物进行质潘检测, 所述躇峰和所述扩 增引物对和延伸引物信息优选被导入 Typer4.0分析软件(由 Sequenom公司 提供) 中以进行检测结果分析。
在上述方法的步骤 1 )中, 本领域技术人员可以按照常规的 PCR扩增 方法进行 PCP扩增。对于具体的 PCR扩增,本领域技术人员可以根据扩增 目的核酸、 引物以及其他条件选择 PCR扩增条件。 如果要检测病原 基因组类型为 RNA,将所述样品中的 RNA并反转录成 cDNA的方法是本 领域技术人员可以用常规方法实现的, 步驟 1 )中的样品可以是 检测 的样品, 例如来自人体或动物体的样品(例如血清、 全血、 粪便、 唾液、 汗 液、 毛发)、 土壤、 食物、 水、 纯病原体培养物和携带此类病原体 ^媒介 生物- 在上述方法的步骤 2 )中, 本领域技术人员可以按照常规的½延伸 法进行延伸反应。 对于具体的延伸反应, 本领域技术人员可以根据延伸目 的核酸、 延伸引物以及其他条件选择延伸反应条件。
在上述方法的步 3 )中, 可以通过质谱系统完成对所述延伸产物或 纯化的延伸产物的质谱检测和分析。 例如本领域中常用的质谱系统有 Sequenom MALDI-TOF质 和 Typer4.0分析软件、 布鲁克 ·道尔顿的基 质辅助激光解吸附电离 (MALDI ) 飞行时间质谱仪 ( MALDI-TOF ), 岛津公司的基质辅助激光解离离子源-线性飞行时间质谱等
在一个实施方案中, 还优选在步骤 1和步骤 2 )之间包括除 dNTP步 骤: 除去所述扩增产物中的 dNTP,可以通过本领域已知的任何方法除 去所述 dNTP , 但优选通过使用 SAP 酶处理所述扩增产物来除去 dNTP。 在一个实施方案中, 还优选在步骤 2和步骤 3 )之间包括纯化步 骤: 纯化所述延伸反应的延伸产物以获得纯化的延伸产物, 可以通过本 领域已知的任何方法纯化延伸产物, 但优选使用离子交换树脂进行纯化。
扩增引物和延伸引物可以如下方式进行设计、 制备: 根据所选择的 13 种待检测消化道病原体的基因序列,设计出针对每种消化道病原体的特异性 扩增引物,设计的扩增引物区域在每种病原体的种内相对保守, ^^种间具 有特异性。在所述扩增引物的 3'端具有与其所针对的病原体类型的基因序列 完全匹配的至少 15 个碱基, 在所述扩增引物的 5,端可以具有标签序列 ( Tag ), 例如实施例中使用的 SEQ ID NO: 40 ( acgttggat )。加标签序列的 目的为增加引物序列的分子量,以排除其在后续步骤中的影响。设计延伸引物, 所^!伸引物的长度为 17-28个 并 iLji其 3'端包括延伸 内的 5 个 具有病原体类型特异的高度保守性位点标记。 同时, 各延伸引物之间 的分子量差异不小于 9道尔顿,且各病原体类型的延伸产物之间及延伸产物 与相应延伸引物之间的分子量差异不小于 30道尔顿; 按照引物间、 引物与 扩增产物 /延伸产物之间不形成二聚体, 引物自身不形成发夹结构, 以及引 物与模板间不发生错配的原则设计引物。特别地, 用于质讲检测的延伸引物 满足如下条件:各延伸产物之间以及延伸产物与各个延伸引物之间的分子 * 相互间的差别不小于 30道尔顿, 各延伸引物之间的分子量差异不小于 9道 尔顿, 延伸引物与延伸产物的分子量在 4500—8500道尔顿之间。 按照引物 间、 引物与产物间不形成二聚体, 引物自身不形成发卡结构, 以及引物与模板 间不发生错配的原则设计上述引物。本发明中针对所述 13种常见消化道病原 体的扩增引物对参见表 1, 延伸引物参见表 2。 实施例 1:
在本实施例中,提供了对 2种病原体盾粒(单核细胞李氏菌、肠道病毒 71 型)进亍检测的方法, 包括如下步骤: ( 1 )通过 PCR扩增获得待测病原体质粒目的序列的扩增产物。使用的扩 增引物组参 Μ 1 (待检测病原体所在 体系 1或 2中的对应引物组合 ),其 中每条引物在制备时需在其 5'端加上 10个碱基的标签序列( acgttggatg ), 目的 为增加引物序列的^ 量, 以排除其在后续步骤中的影响。
PCR扩增所使用的 体系如下, 其中所有试剂均购买自 Sequenom公 司:
Figure imgf000012_0001
PCR反应条件为: 94 , 15分钟; 94 变性 20秒, 56 退火 30秒, 72€ 延伸 1分钟, 共扩增 45循环; 最终 延伸 3分钟。 其中使用的模板 DNA 是人工构建的病原体质粒。
本实施例中使用的病原体质粒按照如下方法进行制备: 守基因区, 将扩增产物分别克隆入 PMD-T载体 (Takara PMD-T连接试剂盒), 然后转化入大肠杆菌 DH5a。 转化后的大肠杆菌经蓝白斑筛选以及二次扩大培 养后, 用于质粒提取。 使用质粒提取试剂盒(购自 AXYGEN公司) ^取并纯化 质粒。通过 DNA测序对质粒进行鉴定。分别测定制备好的各型质粒的 OD值。 根据 OD值将各型质粒稀释为 500 pg/μΚ 5 pg/μΐ和 0.5 pg/μΐ三种浓度的存储 液。 然后根据摩尔公式: 1 ng质粒的拷贝数 -〖1 x 10-9/12 X 330 x (载体分子量 + 插入片断分子量)] X 6.02 1023计算出 1 ng质粒的拷贝数。 再根据这个值将各 型质粒稀释为 1000拷贝 /μ1。 本实施例中 的质粒浓度均为 1000拷贝 /μ1。 本实施例中,将无菌双蒸水作为阴性对照,将对照样本与待测质粒样 照相同的 过程进行反应和测试, 以^ ^r测的有效性。
( 2 )通过坏碱性磷酸酶(SAP酶)处理, 除去步驟 ( 1 )获得的扩增 产物中含有的 dNTP。 SAP酶反应体系如下, 所有试剂购买自 Sequenom公 司:
Figure imgf000013_0001
SAP酶反应条件为 37Ό温育 40分钟, 以去除 PCR扩增反应中剩余的 dNTP; 85"C温育 5分钟, 以使 SAP酶失活。
( 3 )以步骤(2 )中获得的产物为模板, 通过延伸反应, 在延伸引物的 3,端连接一个½, 从而得到延伸产物。 使用的延伸引物参 2中的相应 反应体系 1或 2的延伸引物。延伸^ 体系如下,所有试剂购买自 Sequenom 公司:
Figure imgf000013_0002
*其中延伸引物混合物按照各引物的分子量大小进行线性关系调整(即 根据每种延伸引物的分子量计算每种引物的使用量)。
延伸反应条件: 94V , 30秒; 变性 5秒, 退火 5秒, 80* 延 伸 5秒, 共扩增 40个循环, 且在每个循环中退火和延伸进行 5个小循环; 最终 72 X:延伸 3分钟。
( 4 )采用离子交换树脂(购买自 Sequenom公司)纯化步骤(3 ) 中获 得的延伸产物。在延伸产物中加入 6 mg树脂, 18.00 μΐ水,垂直摇匀一小时。 经 步 后,树脂将与^ 体系中的阳离子充分结合,从而^½体系 脱盐。反应完成后的纯化的延伸产物可在 4 下保存数天,也可在 -20 下保 存数周。 所得的纯化的延伸产物在 4000 rpm离心 5分钟后, 取上清直接用 于质讲检测。
( 5 )依照制造商建议的步骤,将纯化的延伸产物在 MALDI-TOF质谱 仪(购自 Sequenom公司)上进行盾"^检测。 根据提供商的说明书, 所得到的 质"^图通过 Typer4.0分析软件 (由 Sequenom公司提供)进行分析, 得到分 型结果。 峰图报告-^分为四种: A: 结果可靠; B:结果中度可靠; C: 结果 一般可靠; D:结果^ A可靠。 前三种表示结果可靠, 有相应病原体感染; 后一 种表示峰图基线不稳, 视为结果无效。 但是在具体的实验中要根据具 本信 息和峰图信息具体分析。
以下结合图 1-2, 对上述病原体质粒检测结果进行分析说明。
从图 1可知, 当使用单核细胞李氏菌(iap )质粒作为模板 DNA时, 质谱 检测在质量 6740.4处检测到峰, 所述峰经软件分析后,被确认为是单核细胞辛 氏菌(iap )延伸产物的峰, 而在质量 6469.2处的峰(对应于延伸引物峰)不 存在, 说明延伸引物已经^ 应消耗, 从而确定样品中含有单核细胞李氏菌 ( iap )盾粒。
与此类似, 图 2显示了肠道病毒 71型( EV71 )质粒的检测结果。 当使用 肠道病毒 71型 ( EV71 )质粒作为模板 DNA时, 质旙检测在质量 6548.1处检 测到峰, 所述峰经软件分析后, 被确认为是肠道病毒 71型(EV71 )延伸产物 的峰, 而在质量 6221.0处的峰(对应于延伸引物峰)不存在, 说明延伸引物已 经^ 应消耗, 从而确定样品中含有肠道病毒 71型 (EV71 )质粒。
上述这些结果均与已知质粒型别完全一致。
从本实施例可知, 本发明所开发的引物和方法可以实现对 13种常见消化 道感染病原体(包括痢疾杆菌、 伤寒沙门氏菌、 霍乱弧菌、 单核细胞李氏菌、 脊髓灰质炎病毒、 柯萨奇病毒、 肠道病毒 71型、 肠道病毒通用型、 戊型肝炎 病毒、 埃可病毒、 诺如病毒、 星状病毒、 呼肠病毒)的检测和鉴别。 实施例 2:
在本实施例中, 提供了对临床采集的病原体混合感染样本的检测方法, 包 括如下步骤:
( 1 )对临床采集的样^ ϋ行前期处理, 使用试剂盒 ( QIAGE 公司)提 取病原体 DNA和 RNA,利用购自 Takara公司的 PrimeScript® RT reagent Kit 将提取的 RNA样本反转录为 cDNA。
步骤(2 ) - ( 6 ) 同实施例 1中步骤(1 ) - ( 5 ), 不同之处^于 PCR扩 增反应体系中使用的模板 DNA为以上步骤(1 ) 中制备的临床样本 DNA和 cDNA, 并且使用的扩增引物和延伸引物 体系 2所对应的扩增引物和延 伸引物。
以下结合图 3, 对上述病原体混合感染样本检测结果进行分析说明。
图 3为使用临床混合感染病原体 cDNA作为模板时质语检测峰图,其中显 示了检测到的各个峰。 位置有 UEP字样的 该处是相应的延伸引物峰 位置, 同颜色仅有单个碱基的峰谱位置代表延伸该碱基的产物峰位置, 如 UEP.EV71表示肠道病毒 71型的延伸引物位置, T表示肠道病毒 71型的延伸 产物位置。 从图中可以看出, EV71 ( T )和 EV71_cmn ( T)两个位置有明显 的峰存在, 因 明样本中存在肠道病毒 71型和肠道病毒通用型。
从本实施例可知, 本发明所开发的引物和方法可以实现对临床样本中 13 种常见消化道混合感染病原体的多重检测。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 对样品中的消化道病原体进行检测的方法, 其包括以下步骤:
1 )使用扩增引物对对扩增样品的 cDNA或 DNA进行 PCR, 从而获 得扩增产物, 所述扩增引物对针对的是每种待检测消化道病原体基因 组序列的保守区;
2 )以步骤 1 ) 中获得的扩增产物为模板, 使用延伸引物通过延伸 反应获得延伸产物, 所述延伸引物针对的是扩增引物所扩增序列中相对 保守的区域, 所述延伸反应优选是单碱基延伸反应; 但不限于单碱 伸, 可以是 ¾ ½ ^伸^ ί或多?¾JJ伸 ;
3 )对所述延伸产物进行质语检测确定样品的谱峰, 通过将所述语峰 与延伸引物分子量 应延伸产物分子量信息比对确定待检测的消化道病 原体的具体类型。
2. 权利要求 1的方法, 其中在所述步骤 1 )之后和步驟 2 )之前还 包括除去所述扩增产物中的 dNTP的步驟, 优选通过使用虾碱性磷酸 酶( SAP酶)处理所述扩增产物来除去 dNTP;
3. 权利要求 1或 2的方法, 其中在所述步骤 2 )之后和步骤 3 )之 前还包括纯化步骤: 純化所述延伸反应的延伸产物以获得纯化的延伸产 物, 优选使用离子交换树脂进行纯化。
4. 权利要求 1-3任一项的方法, 其中在所述步骤 3 )中用基质辅助激 光解吸附 /电离飞行时间质谱系统对所述延伸产物或所述纯化的延伸产 物进行质讲检测。
5. 权利要求 1-4任一项的方法, 其中所述消化道病原体选自痢疾 杆菌、 伤寒沙门氏菌、 霍乱弧菌、 单核细胞李氏菌、 脊髓灰质炎病毒、 柯萨 奇病毒、 肠道病毒 71型、 肠道病毒通用型、 戊型肝炎病毒、 埃可病毒、 诺 如病毒、 星状病毒和呼肠病毒中的一种或多种。
6. 权利要求 1-5任一项的方法, 其中所述扩增引物对包含 SEQ ID NO: 1和 2、 SEQ ID NO: 3和 4、 SEQ ID NO: 5和 6、 SEQ ID NO: 7 和 8、 SEQ ID NO: 9和 10、 SEQ ID NO: 11和 12、 SEQ ID NO: 13和 14、 SEQ ID NO: 15和 16、 SEQ ID NO: 17和 18、 SEQ ID NO: 19和 20、 SEQ ID NO: 21和 22、 SEQ ID NO: 23和 24以及 SEQ ID NO: 25 和 26中的一对或多对, 或者 5,端包含标签序列的 SEQ ID NO: 1和 2、 SEQ ID NO: 3和 4、 SEQ ID NO: 5和 6、 SEQ ID NO: 7和 8、 SEQ ID NO: 9和 10、 SEQ ID NO: 11和 12、 SEQ ID NO: 13和 14、 SEQ ID NO: 15和 16、 SEQ ID NO: 17和 18、 SEQ ID NO: 19和 20、 SEQ ID NO: 21 和 22、 SEQ ID NO: 23和 24以及 SEQ ID NO: 25和 26中的一对或多 对, 其中所述标签序列优选是 SEQ ID NO: 40; 并且 /或者所述延伸引 物包含 SEQ ID NO: 27-39中的一个或多个。
7. 权利要求 1-6任一项的方法, 其中所述样品选自来自人体的样 品、 土壤、 食物、 水、 纯病原体培养物和携带此类病原体的媒介生物, 所述来自人体的样品例如血清、 全血、 粪便、 唾液、 汗液、 毛发。
8. 一种试剂盒, 其包含权利要求 6中定义的扩增引物对和 /或延 伸引物, 或者还包含其他试剂, 其中所述其他试剂优选是用于 PCR扩 增反应的酶和试剂, 用于延伸反应的酶和试剂, 以及 /或者用手纯化延 伸产物的树脂。 ^
9. 权利要求 6中定义的扩增引物对和 /或延伸引物用于对样品中 的消化道病原体进行检测的用途; 或者用于制备试剂盒的用途, 所述 _ 试剂盒用于检测样品中的消化道病原体; 或者权利要求 8的试剂盒甩 于对样品中的消化道病原体进行检测的用途。
10. SEQ ID NO: 1-39中的任一条核苷酸序列。
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CN103484537A (zh) * 2013-07-17 2014-01-01 新疆农业大学 一种马流产沙门菌pcr检测试剂盒及其检测方法
CN107988341A (zh) * 2018-01-03 2018-05-04 北京毅新博创生物科技有限公司 质谱鉴定霍乱弧菌分型的方法及产品

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