WO2012071847A1 - 不等螺旋角立铣刀 - Google Patents

不等螺旋角立铣刀 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012071847A1
WO2012071847A1 PCT/CN2011/073412 CN2011073412W WO2012071847A1 WO 2012071847 A1 WO2012071847 A1 WO 2012071847A1 CN 2011073412 W CN2011073412 W CN 2011073412W WO 2012071847 A1 WO2012071847 A1 WO 2012071847A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
end mill
outer peripheral
peripheral edge
helix angle
face
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/073412
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
许晋
方曙璋
王社权
李屏
Original Assignee
株洲钻石切削刀具股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 株洲钻石切削刀具股份有限公司 filed Critical 株洲钻石切削刀具股份有限公司
Priority to BR112013006776-4A priority Critical patent/BR112013006776B1/pt
Priority to US13/821,990 priority patent/US9346109B2/en
Priority to JP2013529532A priority patent/JP5795070B2/ja
Priority to KR1020137007403A priority patent/KR20130072242A/ko
Priority to EP11844435.5A priority patent/EP2607000A4/en
Publication of WO2012071847A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012071847A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/02—Milling-cutters characterised by the shape of the cutter
    • B23C5/10—Shank-type cutters, i.e. with an integral shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2210/00—Details of milling cutters
    • B23C2210/04—Angles
    • B23C2210/0485—Helix angles
    • B23C2210/0492—Helix angles different
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2210/00—Details of milling cutters
    • B23C2210/20—Number of cutting edges
    • B23C2210/203—Number of cutting edges four
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2210/00—Details of milling cutters
    • B23C2210/28—Arrangement of teeth
    • B23C2210/282—Unequal angles between the cutting edges, i.e. cutting edges unequally spaced in the circumferential direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/19—Rotary cutting tool
    • Y10T407/1946—Face or end mill
    • Y10T407/1948—Face or end mill with cutting edge entirely across end of tool [e.g., router bit, end mill, etc.]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of metal cutting, and more particularly to unequal helix angle end mills.
  • Milling is a kind of discontinuous machining process.
  • the cutting motion between the end mill and the material to be processed is subjected to an impact load, which creates the vibration of the milling cutter.
  • the vibration frequency of the end mill approaches the workpiece At the natural frequency, resonance is caused, which seriously affects the machining quality and tool life.
  • the Chinese patent document with the publication number CN101530930 discloses an unequal helix angle.
  • the end mill is formed with a plurality of outer peripheral edges that are helically twisted, and the helix angle of each outer peripheral edge is different from the spiral angle of the other outer peripheral edges, so that the milling time interval of the outer peripheral edge in the rotation direction of the end mill is not equal
  • the time interval between each peripheral edge cutting into the workpiece is not equal, the angle between each outer peripheral edge and the effective cutting length from the bottom outer peripheral edge to the shank are different, which prevents the inherent rigidity of the workpiece on the end mill body. Periodic vibrations of the same frequency, thereby avoiding resonance, while improving the surface quality of the workpiece and preventing excessive wear and even chipping of the tool.
  • the width of the cutting edge of the cutting edge in the axial direction is inconsistent, so the strength of each part is also different, and there is necessarily a weak position; the straight portion of the chip flute and the back knife Since the faces intersect at an obtuse angle, the width of the cutting edge of the cutting edge on the rear side in the rotation direction of the end mill is narrowed, so that the strength and rigidity of the cutting edge of the end mill deteriorate. Therefore, when the end mill is subjected to axial large feed or large depth of cut milling, the possibility of breakage of the cutting edge is high.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and to provide an unequal helix angle end mill with high strength and improved depth of cut and durability.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • An unequal helix angle end mill comprising a cutting portion and a shank, wherein the entire cutting portion is provided with a plurality of chip flutes extending from the bottom end to the shank portion, and the faces of the flutes facing the cutting rotation direction are a rake face, the rake face intersecting an outer peripheral surface of the cutting portion to form an outer peripheral edge, the helix angle of the at least one outer peripheral edge is different from the helix angle of the other outer peripheral edge, and the outer peripheral surface of the cutting portion is in contact with the outer peripheral edge
  • the face is a flank face, and the blade width B of each outer peripheral edge is equal in a plane orthogonal to the axis of rotation of the end mill.
  • the blade width B of each of the peripheral blades is constant along the axial direction of the end mill.
  • the outer diameter of the cutting portion is D, and the blade width B of each outer peripheral edge is 0.16D to 0.25D.
  • the length Ap of each of the outer peripheral blades is 2.5D to 5D.
  • the flank face includes a first flank face, a second flank face and a third flank face.
  • the blade width B of each outer peripheral edge is equal in a plane orthogonal to the rotation axis of the end mill, and the difference in strength between the outer peripheral edges is reduced, so that the present invention
  • the end mill can not only improve the surface quality of the workpiece by suppressing the vibration during cutting, but also ensure the overall strength and rigidity of the peripheral edge of the end mill, improve the durability and cutting efficiency of the end mill, and make great progress. Provide favorable conditions for large and deep depth cutting.
  • the width of the blade width B of each peripheral edge is constant along the axial direction of the end mill, so that the strength of each peripheral edge in the axial direction along the end mill remains substantially unchanged, further improving the balance of the strength of the outer peripheral edge and avoiding
  • the outer peripheral edge has a certain weak portion on a section perpendicular to the axis to prevent the end mill from being too fast to cause the end mill to have a reduced durability, and further improve the unequal helix angle end mill of the present invention in the large feed and the large cut. Excellent performance in deep milling. Since the overall strength of the peripheral edge is increased, the length Ap of the peripheral edge can be increased to 2.5 to 5 times the outer diameter D of the cutting portion to obtain higher cutting efficiency and durability.
  • the flank surface includes a first flank face, a second flank face and a third flank face, and the three flank faces are all ground flat angle grinding to ensure the rigidity and strength of each cutting edge of the end mill, It is easier to process in actual production.
  • Figure 1 is a side view showing the structure of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of X-X in Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of Y-Y in Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of Z-Z in Figure 1;
  • Figure 5 is a 20-fold enlarged view of the wear pattern after slot milling with the end mill of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a 20-fold enlarged view of the broken pattern after slot milling with the comparative product.
  • the end mill is made of a hard material such as cemented carbide, and has a cylindrical shape as a whole, and has a cylindrical shape at one end.
  • the shank 2, the other end is a cutting part 1, the shank 2 is used for connecting with the machine tool spindle, and the machine tool spindle can drive the end mill to rotate the T-axis around its central axis to mill the workpiece.
  • the entire cutting portion 1 is provided with a plurality of chip flutes 4 extending from the bottom end to the shank portion 2. In the embodiment, the number of flutes 4 is four, and the distances between the end mills in the circumferential direction are not equal.
  • the face of the chip flute 4 facing the cutting rotation direction is a rake face 21, and the rake face 21 intersects with the outer peripheral face of the cutting portion 1 to form an outer peripheral edge 3, and the helix angle of at least one outer peripheral edge 3 is different from the helix angle of the other outer peripheral edge 3.
  • the helix angle ⁇ 1 formed by the outer peripheral edge 3 is 38°
  • the helix angle ⁇ 2 formed by the outer peripheral edge 3 is 4 ⁇
  • the flank face is the flank face 11, the flank face 11 includes a first flank face 111, a second flank face 112 and a third flank face 113.
  • the three flank faces are all ground flat angle grinding, thereby ensuring the rigidity and strength of the cutting edges of the end mill. At the same time, it is easier to process in actual production.
  • the blade widths B of the outer peripheral edges 3 are equal, reducing the difference in strength between the outer peripheral edges 3, so that the end mill of the present invention can not only inhibit cutting
  • the vibration during machining improves the surface quality of the workpiece, and also ensures the overall strength and rigidity of the peripheral edge 3 of the end mill, improves the durability and cutting efficiency of the end mill, and provides favorable conditions for large feed and large depth of cut milling. .
  • the blade width B of each outer peripheral edge 3 is constant along the axial direction of the end mill, so that the strength of each outer peripheral edge 3 in the axial direction of the end mill remains substantially unchanged, further improving the outer circumference.
  • the balance of the strength of the blade 3 avoids the durability of the end mill due to the excessive wear of the weak parts, and further improves the excellent performance of the unequal helix angle end mill of the present invention in the large feed and large depth of cut milling.
  • the outer diameter of the cutting portion 1 is D
  • the blade width B of each outer peripheral edge 3 is 0.16D to 0.25D.
  • the blade width B is 0.163D.
  • the length Ap of each outer peripheral edge 3 is 2.5D to 5D, which is 3.5D in the present embodiment.
  • the length Ap of the outer peripheral edge 3 can be greatly improved, and the unequal helix angle end milling of the present invention can be made.
  • the knife achieves higher cutting efficiency and durability.
  • the present invention can be applied not only to the right-angle end mill of the present embodiment but also to a ball end mill, an arc end mill, and the like.
  • the end mill of the present invention is compared with a conventional end mill and subjected to a comparative test under the following cutting conditions:
  • Contrast product Adopting a spiral angle structure such as unequal pitch, the groove shape is larger, the chip removal is smooth, and the rigidity and strength of the tool are better.
  • Tool life standard Wear or breakage of the flank of the peripheral edge, expressed in terms of VB value.
  • Figure 5 shows the wear pattern of the end mill of the present invention after milling 60 grooves on a stainless steel S31 6 workpiece
  • Figure 6 shows the broken pattern after the 25-slot milling of the stainless steel S31 6 workpiece by the comparative product. It can be seen that the flank face 11 of the end mill of the present invention wears almost little, the cutting edge is only slightly collapsed, and the durability of the tool is significantly higher than that of the comparative product.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Milling Processes (AREA)

Description

不等螺旋角立铣刀
【技术领域】
本发明涉及金属切削加工领域， 尤其涉及不等螺旋角立铣刀。
【背景技术】
铣削加工是一种不连续加工过程， 在铣削过程中， 立铣刀与被加工材料之间的切削运动 使其受到冲击载荷， 造成立铣刀的振动， 当立铣刀的振动频率接近工件的固有频率时， 就会 导致共振， 从而严重影响加工质量和刀具寿命。 为了减少或者消除铣削加工过程中立铣刀的 振动、 提高加工质量和刀具寿命， 目前对抗振立铣刀进行了许多的改进， 例如公告号为 CN101530930的中国专利文献公开了一种不等螺旋角立铣刀， 该立铣刀形成有呈螺旋状扭转 的多个外周刃， 各外周刃的螺旋角与其它外周刃的螺旋角不同， 从而外周刃在立铣刀旋转方 向上的铣削时间间隔不相等， 各外周刃切入工件的时间间隔也不等， 各外周刃之间的夹角以 及从底部外周刃到柄部的有效切削长度不相同， 这样可防止在立铣刀主体上产生与工件的固 有频率相同的周期性振动， 从而避免引起共振， 同时提高工件表面质量以及防止刀具过度磨 损甚至崩刃。 但是， 在这样的不等螺旋角立铣刀中， 切削刃沿轴线方向各处的刃瓣宽度不一 致， 因此各处的强度也不同， 必然存在一个薄弱位置； 排屑槽的直线部分与后刀面以钝角交 叉， 在立铣刀旋转方向后方侧的切削刃的刃瓣宽度变窄， 因此立铣刀的切削刃的强度和刚性 变差。 因此， 这种立铣刀在进行轴向大进给或大切深铣削时， 切削刃破损的可能性很高。
【发明内容】
本发明要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术的不足， 提供一种强度高、 可提高切削深度和 耐用度的不等螺旋角立铣刀。
为解决上述技术问题， 本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种不等螺旋角立铣刀， 包括切削部和柄部， 所述整个切削部设有多个自底端向柄部螺 旋延伸的排屑槽， 各排屑槽朝向切削旋转方向的面为前刀面， 所述前刀面与切削部的外周面 相交形成外周刃， 至少一个外周刃的螺旋角不同于其他外周刃的螺旋角， 所述切削部的外周 面中与外周刃相接的面为后刀面， 在正交于立铣刀旋转轴线的平面上， 各外周刃的刃瓣宽度 B均相等。
所述各外周刃的刃瓣宽度 B的大小沿立铣刀轴向方向不变。
所述切削部的外径为 D， 所述各外周刃的刃瓣宽度 B为 0.16D〜0.25D。
所述各外周刃的长度 Ap为 2.5D〜5D。
所述后刀面包括第一后刀面、 第二后刀面和第三后刀面。 与现有技术相比， 本发明的优点在于：
本发明的不等螺旋角立铣刀， 在正交于立铣刀旋转轴线的平面上， 各外周刃的刃瓣宽度 B 均相等， 减小了各外周刃之间的强度差别， 使本发明的立铣刀不仅可以通过抑制切削加工 时的振动来提高工件的表面质量， 而且还可保证立铣刀外周刃的整体强度和刚性， 提高立铣 刀的耐用度以及切削效率， 为进行大进给、 大切深铣削提供有利条件。 各外周刃的刃瓣宽度 B 的大小沿立铣刀轴向方向不变， 使各外周刃在沿立铣刀轴向方向上的强度基本保持不变， 进一步提高外周刃强度的均衡性，避免外周刃在沿轴线正交的某个截面上出现个别薄弱部位， 防止因局部磨损过快而导致立铣刀耐用度降低， 进一步提高本发明的不等螺旋角立铣刀在大 进给、 大切深铣削加工中的优异表现。 由于外周刃整体强度提高， 外周刃的长度 Ap可提高 到切削部的外径 D的 2.5〜5倍， 以获得更高的切削效率和耐用度。 后刀面包括第一后刀面、 第二后刀面和第三后刀面， 三个后刀面均采用平面后角磨削， 可保证立铣刀各切削刃的刚性 与强度， 同时在实际生产中比较容易加工。
【附图说明】
图 1是本发明的侧视结构示意图；
图 2是图 1 中 X— X的剖面放大图；
图 3是图 1 中 Y— Y的剖面放大图；
图 4是图 1 中 Z— Z的剖面放大图；
图 5是用本发明立铣刀进行槽铣后的磨损图案的 20倍放大图；
图 6是用对比产品进行槽铣后的破损图案的 20倍放大图。
图中各标号表示：
1、 切削部； 2、 柄部； 3、 外周刃； 4、 排屑槽； 11、 后刀面； 21、 前刀面； 111、 第一后 刀面； 112、 第二后刀面； 113、 第三后刀面。
【具体实施方式】
图 1至图 4示出了本发明的一种不等螺旋角立铣刀实施例， 该立铣刀由硬质合金等硬质 材料制成， 整体呈圆柱状， 其一端为保持圆柱状的柄部 2， 另一端为切削部 1， 柄部 2用于与 机床主轴连接， 机床主轴可驱动立铣刀绕其中心轴线沿 T向旋转对被加工件进行铣削加工。 整个切削部 1设有多个自底端向柄部 2螺旋延伸的排屑槽 4， 本实施例中排屑槽 4为 4个， 它们在立铣刀圆周方向上的间隔距离不相等，各排屑槽 4朝向切削旋转方向的面为前刀面 21， 前刀面 21与切削部 1的外周面相交形成外周刃 3， 至少一个外周刃 3的螺旋角不同于其他外 周刃 3的螺旋角， 在本实施例中， 一对外周刃 3所成的螺旋角 β 1为 38° ， 另一对外周刃 3 所成的螺旋角 β 2为 4Γ ， 切削部 1的外周面中与外周刃 3相接的面为后刀面 11， 该后刀面 11包括第一后刀面 111、第二后刀面 112和第三后刀面 113，三个后刀面均采用平面后角磨削， 从而可保证立铣刀各切削刃的刚性与强度， 同时在实际生产中比较容易加工。 在正交于立铣 刀旋转轴线的平面上，各外周刃 3的刃瓣宽度 B均相等，减小了各外周刃 3之间的强度差别， 使本发明的立铣刀不仅可以通过抑制切削加工时的振动来提高工件的表面质量， 而且还可保 证立铣刀外周刃 3的整体强度和刚性， 提高立铣刀的耐用度以及切削效率， 为进行大进给、 大切深铣削提供有利条件。
本实施例中， 各外周刃 3的刃瓣宽度 B的大小沿立铣刀轴向方向不变， 使各外周刃 3在 沿立铣刀轴向方向上的强度基本保持不变， 进一步提高外周刃 3强度的均衡性， 避免因个别 薄弱部位磨损过快而导致立铣刀耐用度降低， 进一步提高本发明的不等螺旋角立铣刀在大进 给、大切深铣削加工中的优异表现。切削部 1的外径为 D，各外周刃 3的刃瓣宽度 B为 0.16D〜 0.25D , 本实施例中刃瓣宽度 B为 0.1 63D。 各外周刃 3的长度 Ap为 2.5D〜5D， 本实施例 中为 3.5D， 由于外周刃 3整体强度提高， 外周刃 3的长度 Ap可得到大幅提高， 使本发明的 不等螺旋角立铣刀可获得更高的切削效率和耐用度。 本发明除了可以应用于本实施例的直角 立铣刀外， 还可以应用于球头立铣刀、 圆弧头立铣刀等。
以下结合对比试验对本发明的立铣刀的性能作进一步说明。
本发明的立铣刀与普通立铣刀对比， 在如下切削条件下进行对比试验：
对比产品： 采用不等齿距等螺旋角结构， 槽形容屑空间较大， 排屑流畅， 另外刀具的刚 性及强度较好。
切肖惨数： Vc=60m/min, fz=0.041mm/z, Ap=4mm， Ae=8mm
工件材料： 不锈钢 S316
刀具寿命标准： 外周刃后刀面的磨损或破损， 用 VB值大小表示。
加工两小时后， 对本发明的立铣刀和对比产品磨损或破损情况进行检测， 结果如下： 本发明的立铣刀： VB=0.06mm， 刃口微崩
对比产品： VB=0.091mm〜0.098mm， 刃口有较大崩缺
图 5显示了本发明的立铣刀在在不锈钢 S31 6工件上铣削出 60条槽后的磨损图案， 图 6 显示了对比产品在不锈钢 S31 6工件上铣削出 25条槽后的破损图案， 可以看出， 本发明立铣 刀的后刀面 11磨损几乎很小， 刃口只是微崩， 刀具的耐用度明显高于对比产品。
上述只是本发明的较佳实施例， 并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制。 虽然本发明已以较 佳实施例揭露如上， 然而并非用以限定本发明。 任何熟悉本领域的技术人员， 在不脱离本发 明技术方案范围的情况下， 都可利用上述揭示的技术内容对本发明技术方案做出许多可能的 变动和修饰， 或修改为等同变化的等效实施例。 因此， 凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容， 依据本发明技术实质对以上实施例所做的任何简单修改、 等同变化及修饰， 均应落在本发明 技术方案保护的范围内。

Claims

禾 J 要
1. 一种不等螺旋角立铣刀， 包括切削部 （1) 和柄部 （2)， 所述整个切削部 （1) 设有 多个自底端向柄部 （2) 螺旋延伸的排屑槽 （4)， 各排屑槽 （4)朝向切削旋转方向的面为前 刀面 （21)， 所述前刀面 （21) 与切削部 （1) 的外周面相交形成外周刃 （3)， 至少一个外周 刃 （3) 的螺旋角不同于其他外周刃 （3) 的螺旋角， 所述切削部 （1) 的外周面中与外周刃 (3)相接的面为后刀面 （11)， 其特征在于： 在正交于立铣刀旋转轴线的平面上， 各外周刃 (3) 的刃瓣宽度 B均相等。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的不等螺旋角立铣刀， 其特征在于： 所述各外周刃 （3) 的刃瓣 宽度 B的大小沿立铣刀轴向方向不变。
3. 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的不等螺旋角立铣刀， 其特征在于： 所述切削部 （1) 的外 径为 D， 所述各外周刃 （3) 的刃瓣宽度 B为 0.16D〜0.25D。
4. 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的不等螺旋角立铣刀， 其特征在于： 所述各外周刃 （3) 的 长度 Ap为 2.5D〜5D。
5. 根据权利要求 3所述的不等螺旋角立铣刀， 其特征在于： 所述各外周刃 （3) 的长度
Ap为 2.5D〜5D。
6. 根据权利要求 1 或 2所述的不等螺旋角立铣刀， 其特征在于： 所述后刀面 （11) 包 括第一后刀面 （111)、 第二后刀面 （112) 和第三后刀面 （113)。
7. 根据权利要求 5 所述的不等螺旋角立铣刀， 其特征在于： 所述后刀面 （11) 包括第 一后刀面 （111)、 第二后刀面 （112) 和第三后刀面 （113)。
PCT/CN2011/073412 2010-11-30 2011-04-28 不等螺旋角立铣刀 WO2012071847A1 (zh)

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BR112013006776-4A BR112013006776B1 (pt) 2010-11-30 2011-04-28 Fresa de topo com ângulo de hélice desigual
US13/821,990 US9346109B2 (en) 2010-11-30 2011-04-28 Unequal helix-angle end mill
JP2013529532A JP5795070B2 (ja) 2010-11-30 2011-04-28 異なる螺旋角を有するエンドミル
KR1020137007403A KR20130072242A (ko) 2010-11-30 2011-04-28 부등나선각 엔드밀
EP11844435.5A EP2607000A4 (en) 2010-11-30 2011-04-28 MILLING MACHINE WITH UNIQUE SPIRAL ANGLE

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JP5795070B2 (ja) 2015-10-14
EP2607000A1 (en) 2013-06-26
KR20130072242A (ko) 2013-07-01
CN101983811B (zh) 2012-07-25
US9346109B2 (en) 2016-05-24
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BR112013006776A2 (pt) 2018-02-14
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