WO2012057329A1 - マグネシウム合金部材、エアコン用圧縮機及びマグネシウム合金部材の製造方法 - Google Patents
マグネシウム合金部材、エアコン用圧縮機及びマグネシウム合金部材の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012057329A1 WO2012057329A1 PCT/JP2011/074959 JP2011074959W WO2012057329A1 WO 2012057329 A1 WO2012057329 A1 WO 2012057329A1 JP 2011074959 W JP2011074959 W JP 2011074959W WO 2012057329 A1 WO2012057329 A1 WO 2012057329A1
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- magnesium alloy
- magnesium
- alloy member
- calcium
- aluminum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C23/00—Alloys based on magnesium
- C22C23/02—Alloys based on magnesium with aluminium as the next major constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/002—Extruding materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special extruding methods of sequences
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
- B21J1/02—Preliminary treatment of metal stock without particular shaping, e.g. salvaging segregated zones, forging or pressing in the rough
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C23/00—Alloys based on magnesium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/06—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of magnesium or alloys based thereon
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
- F04B39/0005—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00 adaptations of pistons
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
- F04B39/12—Casings; Cylinders; Cylinder heads; Fluid connections
- F04B39/121—Casings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
- F04B39/12—Casings; Cylinders; Cylinder heads; Fluid connections
- F04B39/122—Cylinder block
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2201/00—Metals
- F05C2201/02—Light metals
- F05C2201/028—Magnesium
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a magnesium alloy member containing aluminum, calcium, and manganese, a compressor for an air conditioner using the magnesium alloy member as a mechanical component, and a method for manufacturing the magnesium alloy member.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 disclose a magnesium alloy with improved castability and heat resistance
- Patent Document 4 discloses a magnesium alloy with improved strength and forgeability at high temperatures.
- JP 2004-232060 A JP 2007-197796 A JP 2004-162090 A JP 2000-104137 A JP 2000-109963 A
- the present invention provides a magnesium alloy member and a method for manufacturing the magnesium alloy member that can exhibit mechanical strength and fatigue strength at high temperatures that can be applied to mechanical parts of a compressor for an automobile air conditioner, and are necessary.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a compressor for an air conditioner including a mechanical component made of a magnesium alloy having mechanical strength and fatigue strength at high temperature.
- the present invention contains, by mass%, 0.3 to 10% calcium, 0.2 to 15% aluminum, 0.05 to 1.5% manganese, and calcium / aluminum.
- the mass ratio is 0.6 to 1.7, and the cast material of the magnesium alloy consisting of magnesium and inevitable impurities is plastically processed at 250 to 500 ° C.
- the Mg—Ca compound and the Mg—Al—Ca compound crystallize at the grain boundary, and the mechanical strength and heat resistance at room temperature are improved.
- These crystallized substances change when the mass ratio of Ca / Al is changed.
- Mg 2 Ca which is an Mg—Ca based compound
- (Mg, Al) 2 Ca which is an Mg—Al—Ca-based compound, crystallize at the same time, which has a great effect on improving mechanical strength and heat resistance.
- the magnesium alloy member after plastic working at 250 to 500 ° C. has a mechanical strength required for a mechanical part of a compressor for an automobile air conditioner and a fatigue strength at a high temperature, and a 0.2% proof stress at room temperature is 300 MPa. As described above, the fatigue strength at 150 ° C. appears 100 MPa or more. If the plastic working temperature is below 250 ° C., a sufficient amount of strain cannot be secured, so that molding cannot be performed and cracking occurs, and if it exceeds 500 ° C., high temperature oxidation and partial melting occur. However, the improvement effect of fatigue strength cannot be expected.
- a solution treatment and an artificial aging treatment can be performed.
- a solution treatment for holding at a processing temperature of 450 to 510 ° C. for 0.08 hours or more is performed.
- the treatment temperature for solution heating is in the range of 450 to 510 ° C, the grain boundaries and the inside of the grains are strengthened by fine precipitates, local deformation is suppressed, and the uniform deformation region becomes large. Softening hardly occurs and high temperature fatigue strength is improved.
- the treatment temperature for solution heating is lower than 450 ° C., it is difficult to form a solid solution, the amount of precipitates in the grain boundaries and grains is reduced, and an appropriate state cannot be obtained, and improvement in high temperature fatigue strength cannot be expected.
- the treatment temperature for solution heating exceeds 510 ° C., burning occurs in which a part of the alloy melts, resulting in pore defects.
- the solution heat treatment time is less than 0.08 hours, sufficient solution treatment cannot be performed, and therefore the holding time is preferably longer than 0.08 hours.
- the cooling used for quenching may be warm water or may be added with any additive, and various types of cooling can be applied as long as they are known quenching cooling.
- the treatment temperature in the artificial aging treatment is lower than 150 ° C, the treatment time becomes longer in order to improve to an appropriate hardness, and when the treatment temperature exceeds 250 ° C, the hardness and strength are reduced.
- the treatment temperature in the treatment is preferably in the range of 150 to 250 ° C.
- the retention time of the artificial aging treatment is less than 0.3 hours, sufficient age hardening cannot be obtained. Therefore, the retention time in the artificial aging treatment is preferably 0.3 hours or more.
- extrusion processing can be performed. When the extrusion processing is performed at 250 to 500 ° C., fatigue strength can be improved while suppressing cracking and surface oxidation.
- said magnesium alloy member can be used for the mechanism components of the compressor for air conditioners.
- mechanical strength applicable to mechanical parts of compressors for automobile air conditioners and fatigue strength at high temperature is 300 MPa or more, and fatigue strength at 150 ° C. is 100 MPa.
- the magnesium alloy member which can appear the above can be provided.
- an air conditioner compressor using such a magnesium alloy member as a mechanical component can be provided.
- the mechanical strength and high-temperature fatigue strength substantially the same as those of a high-strength aluminum alloy can appear in a magnesium alloy member, so that it can be replaced with a magnesium alloy member having a lower specific gravity than a high-strength aluminum alloy.
- the weight of the compressor for an automobile air conditioner can be significantly reduced.
- Table 1 shows the tensile strength (MPa) at room temperature, for example, 10 to 35 ° C. and 0.2% for each of a plurality of types of samples in which the contents (mass%) of aluminum Al, calcium Ca, and manganese Mn in the magnesium alloy are changed. Yield strength (MPa) is shown. “Decision” in Table 1 indicates that the 0.2% proof stress is 300 MPa or more, which is a value required for a mechanical part of a compressor for an automobile air conditioner, and the 0.2% proof stress is less than 300 MPa. This is indicated by a cross.
- 300 MPa as a required value of 0.2% proof stress is 0.2 of the aluminum alloy forging material that has been subjected to the T6 treatment that is subjected to the artificial aging treatment after the solution treatment, which is used for a mechanical part of a compressor for an automobile air conditioner.
- % Proof stress was set as a standard. Samples obtained from the results in Table 1 were prepared by casting magnesium alloys having the contents shown in the table, and this cast material was subjected to plastic working, specifically hot indirect extrusion, Heat treatment (T6 treatment) is not performed.
- alloy melting was performed in the air using an electric resistance furnace, and a mixed gas of SF 6 and CO 2 was used to prevent oxidation of the molten metal. Then, after stirring, Ar gas was flowed for bubbling to remove oxide when Ca was added, and cast into a billet mold heated to 300 ° C. to prepare a casting material.
- Ar gas was flowed for bubbling to remove oxide when Ca was added, and cast into a billet mold heated to 300 ° C. to prepare a casting material.
- For indirect extrusion use a hydraulic press machine and put the sample for extrusion into a mold heated to 350 ° C, hold it for 10 minutes, then start extrusion with an extrusion ratio of 20. did.
- the extrusion ratio is the cross-sectional area before plastic working / the cross-sectional area after plastic working.
- the samples of Examples 1 to 11 contain 0.3 to 10% calcium Ca, 0.2 to 15% aluminum Al, and 0.05 to 1.5% manganese Mn.
- a magnesium alloy casting material having a mass ratio of aluminum Al of 0.6 to 1.7 and the balance of magnesium Mg and unavoidable impurities is subjected to plastic processing (extrusion processing) at 350 ° C.
- plastic processing extrusion processing
- at least one of the content ratio of calcium Ca, the content ratio of aluminum Al, the content ratio of manganese Mn, and the mass ratio of calcium Ca / aluminum Al is out of the above range.
- a magnesium alloy casting material is subjected to plastic processing (extrusion processing) at 350 ° C.
- Ca + Al in Table 1 represents the total mass% of calcium Ca and aluminum Al.
- calcium Ca content 0.3-10%
- aluminum Al content 0.2-15%
- manganese Mn content 0.05-1.5%
- Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 4 in which the Ca Ca content is outside the range of 0.3 to 10%
- Comparative Example 2 in which the Al content is outside the range of 0.2 to 15%
- the 0.2% proof stress is lower than the required value of 300 MPa, indicating that it cannot be used as a mechanical part of the compressor.
- the mass ratio of calcium Ca / aluminum Al is 0 as in Comparative Example 5 and Comparative Example 6. Outside the range of .6 to 1.7, the 0.2% proof stress is below the required value of 300 MPa, indicating that it cannot be used as a mechanical part of a compressor.
- the calcium Ca content and the aluminum Al content are in the range of 0.3 to 10%, and the calcium Ca / aluminum Al mass ratio is in the range of 0.6 to 1.7.
- the 0.2% proof stress is lower than the required value of 300 MPa, indicating that it cannot be used as a mechanical part of the compressor.
- the Mg—Ca compound and the Mg—Al—Ca compound crystallize at the grain boundary, and the mechanical strength and heat resistance at room temperature are improved.
- Mg 2 Ca which is an Mg—Ca compound and Mg—Al—Ca compound are used. It is presumed that (Mg, Al) 2 Ca was crystallized at the same time, and the mechanical strength and heat resistance were improved.
- Comparative Example 6 when the mass ratio of calcium Ca / aluminum Al is greater than 1.7, only Mg 2 Ca or a slight amount of (Mg, Al) 2 Ca is crystallized.
- Table 2 shows the content of Example 3 shown in Table 1, that is, calcium Ca 3.3%, aluminum Al 3.7%, manganese Mn 0.33%, calcium Ca / aluminum Al mass ratio.
- required 0.2% yield strength in each sample after making the extrusion ratio and extrusion temperature in extrusion processing (plastic processing) performed to this casting material differ in multiple types is shown.
- the extrusion ratios were set to four types of 10, 20, 40, and 60. If the extrusion temperature at each extrusion ratio was within the range of 250 to 500 ° C., cracks and surface oxidation occurred. Without generating, the 0.2% proof stress exceeded the required value of 300 MPa.
- Table 3 shows the fatigue strength (150 ° C.) after the heat treatment (T6 treatment) and after the heat treatment (T6 treatment) after the plastic working at 250 to 500 ° C. (after the extrusion process). The results of measuring high temperature fatigue strength) are shown.
- the content rate of Example 3 shown in Table 1 that is, calcium Ca is 3.3%, aluminum Al is 3.7%, manganese Mn is 0.33%, calcium Ca / aluminum Al.
- Table 3 shows the 150 ° C. fatigue strength of the JIS prescribed material Al alloy forging (A4032-T6) as a comparison object.
- Al alloy forging material (A4032-T6) is used in a compressor for an automobile air conditioner, if 150 ° C. fatigue strength equal to or higher than 150 ° C. fatigue strength (100 MPa) of this A4032-T6 can appear, It can be used as a member that replaces A4032-T6.
- the fatigue tests (rotary bending test) and fatigue strength calculations obtained in Table 3 were performed according to the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, “The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Standard Statistical Fatigue Test Method (Revised Version) JSME S-002-1994”.
- the test temperature was 150 ° C.
- the rotation speed was 3000 rpm
- the frequency was 50 Hz
- the stress ratio R was ⁇ 1.
- the fatigue strength in Table 3 is the result at 10 7 times.
- the test piece used for the fatigue test is a round bar type test piece, the diameter of the chuck part is 8.5 mm, the diameter of the fracture part is 4 mm, and sampled so that the direction of extrusion and the direction of load loading are perpendicular.
- the fractured portion was polished with water-resistant abrasive paper and then buffed to finish.
- an artificial aging treatment for 2 hours using a 180 ° C. oil bath is performed. gave.
- the heat treatment time (holding time) is the time after the sample is introduced.
- the A4032-T6 has a 150 ° C. fatigue strength of 100 MPa, whereas plastic processing is performed at a temperature of 250 to 500 ° C., specifically, after extrusion at 350 ° C.
- the 150 ° C. fatigue strength of the magnesium alloy member not subjected to the heat treatment (T6 treatment) is 117 MPa, whereas the magnesium alloy member 150 subjected to the heat treatment (T6 treatment) after being subjected to the same plastic working with the same material.
- the fatigue strength at ° C. was 132 MPa.
- magnesium alloy member formed by subjecting a magnesium alloy casting material having a mass ratio of 0.6 to 1.7 to plastic processing at 250 to 500 ° C. without being subjected to heat treatment (T6 treatment) 0.2% proof stress at room temperature and fatigue strength at high temperatures that can be used for mechanical parts of air conditioner compressors, specifically, 0.2% proof stress at room temperature of 300 MPa or higher and 150 ° C. fatigue strength of 100 MPa or higher. Furthermore, if heat treatment (T6 treatment) is performed, the fatigue strength at high temperature becomes stronger. Therefore, the mechanical parts of the compressor for an automotive air conditioner that uses a high-strength aluminum alloy can be formed of a magnesium alloy member, thereby realizing a significant weight reduction of the compressor.
- the heat treatment in the heat treatment (T6 treatment), in the solution treatment performed after the plastic working (extrusion processing), it is preferable to hold at a processing temperature of 450 to 510 ° C. for 0.08 hours or more, and the artificial aging treatment performed after the quenching treatment In this case, it is preferable to hold at a treatment temperature of 150 to 250 ° C. for 0.3 hour or longer.
- the treatment temperature for solution heating is in the range of 450 to 510 ° C, the grain boundaries and the inside of the grains are strengthened by fine precipitates, local deformation is suppressed, and the uniform deformation region becomes large. Softening hardly occurs and high temperature fatigue strength can be improved.
- the treatment temperature for solution heating is lower than 450 ° C.
- it is difficult to form a solid solution and the precipitates in the grain boundaries and grains are lowered and do not become an appropriate state, and an improvement in high temperature fatigue strength is expected. Can not.
- the treatment temperature for solution heating exceeds 510 ° C., burning occurs in which a part of the alloy melts, resulting in pore defects.
- the solution heat treatment time is less than 0.08 hours, sufficient solution treatment cannot be performed, and therefore, the holding time is preferably longer than 0.08 hours.
- the processing temperature in the artificial aging treatment when the processing temperature in the artificial aging treatment is lower than 150 ° C., the processing time is increased to improve the appropriate hardness, and when the processing temperature is higher than 250 ° C., the hardness and strength are reduced.
- the treatment temperature in the artificial aging treatment is preferably in the range of 150 to 250 ° C. Further, if the retention time of the artificial aging treatment is less than 0.3 hours, sufficient age hardening cannot be obtained. Therefore, the retention time in the artificial aging treatment is preferably 0.3 hours or more.
- the temperature and holding time in the heat treatment (T6 treatment) from which the results shown in Table 3 were obtained satisfy the above temperature range and time range.
- the 0.2% proof stress at room temperature required for the mechanical parts of the compressor for an automotive air conditioner is 300 MPa or more, at 150 ° C.
- a fatigue strength of 100 MPa or more can appear, and it can be used in place of the conventionally used Al alloy forging material A4032.
- the specific gravity of the magnesium alloy member is smaller than the Al alloy forging material A4032, if the mechanical parts of the compressor for an automotive air conditioner are formed of a magnesium alloy, the weight of the compressor can be greatly reduced, the weight of the vehicle can be reduced, It can contribute to improving fuel efficiency.
- Examples of the mechanical parts of the magnesium alloy member and the compressor for an automotive air conditioner to which the magnesium alloy member according to the present invention is applied include a swash plate compressor shoe and a piston, and a scroll compressor spiral.
- the magnesium alloy member and the manufacturing method of the magnesium alloy member according to the present invention were developed on the premise that they are applied to mechanical parts of a compressor for an automobile air conditioner.
- the present invention is not limited to mechanical parts, but can be applied to mechanical parts of stationary air conditioner compressors.
- the plastic processing is not limited to extrusion processing, and may be forging processing, rolling processing, drawing processing, or the like.
Abstract
Description
例えば、特許文献1~3には、鋳造性及び耐熱性を向上させたマグネシウム合金が開示され、特許文献4には、高温での強度及び鍛造性を向上させたマグネシウム合金が開示されている。
しかし、特許文献1~3に開示されるマグネシウム合金は鋳造用であるため、機械的強度が不十分であり、圧縮機のような高温での高強度が要求される部品には適用できない。
更に、マグネシウム合金に高価な希少金属を添加すれば、マグネシウム合金の強度を上げることができるが、この場合、コスト高となってしまい、圧縮機の機構部品の素材としては不向きである。
そこで、本発明は、自動車エアコン用圧縮機の機構部品に適用可能な機械的強度及び高温での疲労強度を出現できる、マグネシウム合金部材及びマグネシウム合金部材の製造方法を提供すること、及び、必要な機械的強度及び高温での疲労強度を備えたマグネシウム合金製の機構部品を備えたエアコン用圧縮機を提供すること、を目的とする。
これらの晶出物は、Ca/Alの質量比が変わることで変化し、特に、Ca/Alの質量比を0.6~1.7とした場合、Mg‐Ca系化合物であるMg2Caと、Mg‐Al‐Ca系化合物である(Mg,Al)2Caとが同時に晶出し、機械的強度と耐熱性の向上に大きな効果がある。
また、マンガンMnを少量添加することで、結晶粒径が微細化し、機械的強度が向上する。マンガンMnの添加量は、0.05~1.5%の範囲が適切であり、この範囲を外れると、結晶粒径の微細化の効果が低くなって、機械的強度の向上効果は期待できない。
尚、塑性加工の温度が250℃を下回ると、充分な歪み量を確保できないために成形ができず、割れなどが発生し、また、500℃を上回ると、高温酸化や部分的な溶解が発生し、疲労強度の向上効果は期待できない。
溶体化加熱の処理温度が450~510℃の範囲であると、粒界及び粒内が微細な析出物によって強化され、局所変形が抑えられ、均一変形領域が大きくなるために、高温での加工軟化が起こり難くなり、高温疲労強度が向上する。
また、溶体化加熱の処理時間は、0.08時間を下回ると、十分な溶体化処理ができないので、保持時間は0.08時間よりも長いことが好ましい。
人工時効処理における処理温度が150℃を下回ると、適正な硬さに向上させるために処理時間が長くなり、処理温度が250℃を上回ると、硬さ及び強度が低下してしまうので、人工時効処理における処理温度は、150~250℃の範囲とすることが好ましい。
前記塑性加工として、押出し加工を施すことができ、押出し加工を250~500℃で行えば、割れや表面酸化を抑制しつつ、疲労強度を向上させることができる。
また、上記のマグネシウム合金部材を、エアコン用圧縮機の機構部品に使用することができる。
そして、本発明によると、高強度アルミニウム合金と略同等の機械的強度及び高温疲労強度をマグネシウム合金部材において出現できるから、高強度アルミニウム合金に比べて低比重であるマグネシウム合金部材への置き換えが可能となり、自動車エアコン用圧縮機の大幅な重量低減を実現できる。
表1は、マグネシウム合金におけるアルミニウムAl、カルシウムCa、マンガンMnの含有率(質量%)を変更した複数種の試料それぞれにおける室温、例えば10~35℃での引張強度(MPa)及び0.2%耐力(MPa)を示す。
表1の「判定」は、0.2%耐力が、自動車エアコン用圧縮機の機構部品に要求される値である300MPa以上であることを○印で示し、0.2%耐力が300MPa未満であることを×印で示すものである。
表1の結果を得た試料は、表中の含有率としたマグネシウム合金の鋳造品を作成し、この鋳造素材に塑性加工、具体的には、熱間間接押出加工を施したものであり、熱処理(T6処理)を施していないものである。
また、間接押出加工には油圧プレス機を用い、350℃に加熱した金型の中に、押出し加工用の試料を投入し、10分間保持してから、押出し比を20とした押出し加工を開始した。尚、押出し比とは、塑性加工前の断面積/塑性加工後の断面積である。
表1の最下段は、JIS規定素材であるAl合金鍛造材(A4032-T6)での引張強度(MPa)及び0.2%耐力(MPa)を参考値として示してある。また、表中の「判定」は、このAl合金鍛造材(A4032-T6)の0.2%耐力である300MPa以上であるか否かを示す。
一方、比較例1~7の試料は、カルシウムCaの含有率、アルミニウムAlの含有率、マンガンMnの含有率、カルシウムCa/アルミニウムAlの質量比のうちの少なくとも1つが、前記範囲から外れているマグネシウム合金の鋳造素材に、350℃の塑性加工(押出し加工)を施したものである。
表1に示すように、カルシウムCaの含有率=0.3~10%、アルミニウムAlの含有率=0.2~15%、マンガンMnの含有率=0.05~1.5%、カルシウムCa/アルミニウムAlの質量比0.6~1.7を満たす実施例1~7の試料は、いずれも0.2%耐力が要求値である300MPa以上であり、自動車エアコン用圧縮機の機構部品に要求される機械的強度を満たしており、圧縮機の機構部品として用いることができることを示している。
また、カルシウムCaの含有率及びアルミニウムAlの含有率が、0.2~15%の範囲内であっても、比較例5及び比較例6のように、カルシウムCa/アルミニウムAlの質量比が0.6~1.7の範囲を外れると、0.2%耐力が要求値である300MPaを下回り、圧縮機の機構部品として用いることができないことを示している。
即ち、上記引張試験の結果から、カルシウムCaの含有率=0.3~10%、アルミニウムAlの含有率=0.2~15%、マンガンMnの含有率=0.05~1.5%、カルシウムCa/アルミニウムAlの質量比=0.6~1.7を満足するマグネシウム合金であることが、自動車エアコン用圧縮機の機構部品に要求される機械的強度、具体的には、0.2%耐力が300MPa以上を得るための条件となることが分かる。
これに対し、比較例6のように、カルシウムCa/アルミニウムAlの質量比が1.7よりも大きくなると、Mg2Caのみ、若しくは、僅かな(Mg,Al)2Caが晶出する程度となることで、機械的強度を十分に向上させることができない。また、比較例5のように、カルシウムCa/アルミニウムAlの質量比が0.6よりも小さくなると、Mg‐Al系化合物であるβ‐Mg17Al12が晶出し、耐熱性に悪影響を及ぼしたものと推察される。
表2に示す試験では、押出し比を10,20,40,60の4種類に設定したが、それぞれの押出し比における押出し温度が、250~500℃の範囲内であれば、割れや表面酸化が発生することなく、0.2%耐力が要求値である300MPaを上回った。
即ち、塑性加工(押出し加工)の温度を、250~500℃の範囲内とすることで、300MPa以上の0.2%耐力を出現できることが分かる。塑性加工の温度が250℃を下回る場合には、充分な歪み量を確保できないために成形ができず、割れなどが発生する。また、塑性加工の温度が500℃を上回る場合には、高温酸化や部分的な溶解が発生することで、疲労強度の向上効果は期待できない。
尚、試料としては、表1に示した実施例3の含有率、即ち、カルシウムCaを3.3%、アルミニウムAlを3.7%、マンガンMnを0.33%、カルシウムCa/アルミニウムAlの質量比が0.89、カルシウムCaとアルミニウムAlとの合計を7%としたマグネシウム合金の鋳造素材を、押出し比を20、押出し温度を350℃として押出し加工したものを用いた。
表3の疲労強度を得た疲労試験(回転曲げ試験)及び疲労強度の算出は、日本機械学会編「日本機械学会基準 統計的疲労試験方法(改訂版)JSME S-002-1994」に準じて行い、試験温度150℃、回転数3000rpm、周波数50Hz、応力比R=-1で行った。表3の疲労強度は、107回での結果である。
また、T6処理として、横型管状炉を用いて500℃のArガス気流中に30分(0.5時間)保持する溶体化処理後、180℃のオイルバスを用いて2時間の人工時効処理を施した。尚、熱処理時間(保持時間)は、試料を投入してからの時間である。
従って、高強度アルミニウム合金を用いていた自動車エアコン用圧縮機の機構部品を、マグネシウム合金部材で形成することができ、これによって圧縮機の大幅な重量低減を実現できる。
溶体化加熱の処理温度が450~510℃の範囲であると、粒界及び粒内が微細な析出物によって強化され、局所変形が抑えられ、均一変形領域が大きくなるために、高温での加工軟化が起こり難くなり、高温疲労強度を向上させることができる。
また、溶体化加熱の処理時間は、0.08時間を下回ると、十分な溶体化処理ができないので、保持時間は0.08時間よりも長いことが好ましい。
また、人工時効処理の保持時間が0.3時間を下回ると、十分な時効硬化が得られないので、人工時効処理における保持時間は、0.3時間以上とすることが好ましい。
表3の結果を得た熱処理(T6処理)における温度及び保持時間は、前述の温度範囲及び時間範囲を満たしている。
そして、マグネシウム合金部材の比重は、Al合金鍛造材A4032よりも小さいので、自動車エアコン用圧縮機の機構部品を、マグネシウム合金で形成すれば、圧縮機の重量を大きく低減でき、車両の軽量化、引いては燃費性能の改善に寄与できる。
尚、本発明に係るマグネシウム合金部材及びマグネシウム合金部材の製造方法は、自動車エアコン用圧縮機の機構部品に適用することを前提として開発されたものであるが、適用対象を自動車エアコン用圧縮機の機構部品に限定するものではなく、定置式エアコン圧縮機の機構部品に適用することも可能である。
また、塑性加工を押出し加工に限定するものでもなく、鍛造加工、圧延加工、引き抜き加工などであってもよい。
Claims (10)
- 質量%で、カルシウムを0.3~10%、アルミニウムを0.2~15%、マンガンを0.05~1.5%含有し、カルシウム/アルミニウムの質量比が0.6~1.7であり、残部がマグネシウム及び不可避不純物からなるマグネシウム合金の鋳造素材を、250~500℃で塑性加工して形成したマグネシウム合金部材。
- 前記塑性加工後に、溶体化処理及び人工時効処理を施した請求項1記載のマグネシウム合金部材。
- 前記塑性加工後に、450~510℃の処理温度に0.08時間以上保持する溶体化処理を施した後、150~250℃の処理温度に0.3時間以上保持する人工時効処理を施した請求項2記載のマグネシウム合金部材。
- 質量%で、カルシウムを0.3~10%、アルミニウムを0.2~15%、マンガンを0.05~1.5%含有し、カルシウム/アルミニウムの質量比が0.6~1.7であり、残部がマグネシウム及び不可避不純物からなるマグネシウム合金の鋳造素材を塑性加工してなり、室温における0.2%耐力が300MPa以上、150℃における疲労強度が100MPa以上であるマグネシウム合金部材。
- 前記塑性加工が押出し加工である請求項1記載のマグネシウム合金部材。
- 請求項1記載のマグネシウム合金部材を機構部品に使用したエアコン用圧縮機。
- 質量%で、カルシウムを0.3~10%、アルミニウムを0.2~15%、マンガンを0.05~1.5%含有し、カルシウム/アルミニウムの質量比が0.6~1.7であり、残部がマグネシウム及び不可避不純物からなるマグネシウム合金の鋳造素材を、250~500℃で塑性加工に付すマグネシウム合金部材の製造方法。
- 前記塑性加工後に、溶体化処理及び人工時効処理に付す請求項7記載のマグネシウム合金部材の製造方法。
- 前記塑性加工後に、450~510℃の処理温度に0.08時間以上保持する溶体化処理に付した後、150~250℃の処理温度に0.3時間以上保持する人工時効処理に付す請求項8記載のマグネシウム合金部材の製造方法。
- 前記塑性加工が押出し加工である請求項7記載のマグネシウム合金部材の製造方法。
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