WO2012040977A1 - 一种二氧化碳催化加氢制甲醇的催化剂及制备方法 - Google Patents

一种二氧化碳催化加氢制甲醇的催化剂及制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2012040977A1
WO2012040977A1 PCT/CN2010/079556 CN2010079556W WO2012040977A1 WO 2012040977 A1 WO2012040977 A1 WO 2012040977A1 CN 2010079556 W CN2010079556 W CN 2010079556W WO 2012040977 A1 WO2012040977 A1 WO 2012040977A1
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catalyst
preparation
solution
methanol
mgo
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张永春
张鲁湘
陈绍云
李桂民
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大连理工大学
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J21/00Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
    • B01J21/02Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
    • B01J21/04Alumina
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/76Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/80Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with zinc, cadmium or mercury
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C29/00Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C29/15Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively
    • C07C29/151Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
    • C07C29/153Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases characterised by the catalyst used
    • C07C29/154Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases characterised by the catalyst used containing copper, silver, gold, or compounds thereof
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/52Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of catalysts, and relates to a catalyst for preparing hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to methanol and a preparation method thereof. Background technique
  • the carrier selection is more novel.
  • Common carriers include Zr0 2 , A1 2 0 3 , Ti0 2 , activated carbon (AC), etc.
  • CNTs carbon nanotubes
  • the research on the catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to copper catalysts mainly focuses on the further optimization and improvement of the preparation method. The purpose is to improve the activity of the catalyst, the selectivity and stability of methanol, and improve the performance of the catalyst by adding additives.
  • the methanol synthesis catalyst involved in Chinese patent application CN1660490 is composed of CuO/ZnO/Al 2 O 3 with a molar ratio of 6:3:1 and a certain amount of surfactant. It is prepared by coprecipitation or step precipitation. .
  • the methanol synthesis catalyst involved in Chinese patent application CN1329938, CuO/ZnO/A1203 is composed according to a certain ratio.
  • the preparation of the catalyst masterbatch is divided into two parts, one is to form copper containing by coprecipitation method.
  • the coprecipitation precursor of zinc and aluminum, and the second is a coprecipitation method for preparing copper-free and zinc coprecipitated precursors without aluminum. Summary of the invention
  • the invention provides a catalyst for preparing hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to methanol and a preparation method thereof.
  • the catalyst is improved by adding a promoter MgO, and the technical problem is to improve the activity of the catalyst, the selectivity of the methanol and the stability of the catalyst.
  • the preparation of the catalyst of the invention adopts a coprecipitation method and includes the following steps:
  • Step (1) dissolving copper, zinc, aluminum, magnesium nitrate in anhydrous ethanol or water to obtain a mixed solution having a total metal ion concentration of 0.1 to 5 mol/L, wherein the magnesium oxide is added according to the desired catalyst.
  • the mass percentage of the obtained MgO is converted and controlled between 0.1 and 20%;
  • Step (2) Configuring an oxalic acid ethanol solution or an aqueous oxalic acid solution of 0.1 to 3 mol/L, wherein the oxalic acid may be replaced by one of sodium carbonate, urea, potassium carbonate or ammonium carbonate;
  • Step (3) adding the oxalic acid ethanol solution or the aqueous oxalic acid solution of the step (2) to the mixed solution of the step (1) under heating and stirring, the temperature is controlled at 50 to 80 ° C, heating, stirring, and reacting. Until the ethanol is completely evaporated, if the solvent is water, react for 4 hours, aging for 1 hour, then the precipitate precursor is filtered, washed, and the pH of the filtrate is controlled between 7 and 8; the catalyst precursor is dried at 11 CTC overnight, then The catalyst was heated to 350 ° C for 4 hours at a temperature of 3.0 ° C / min, and was cooled to room temperature.
  • the catalyst for hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to methanol was obtained by grinding, tableting, crushing and sieving.
  • the invention has the advantages and benefits that the catalyst for hydrogenation of carbon dioxide prepared by the method has the advantages of activity, methanol selectivity and stability, and is superior to the same proportion of CuO-ZnO-A1203 catalyst without adding MgO auxiliary agent, which is in line with energy saving. Consumable and environmentally friendly, suitable for carbon dioxide and hydrogen to react at lower temperatures and pressures.
  • the surfactant added to the patent application CN1660490 does not increase the adsorption of carbon dioxide, and the selectivity of methanol is not greatly improved.
  • the patent application CN1329938 is complicated in preparation method. Compared with the above two patents, the invention has neither surfactant added nor It is not necessary to prepare the catalyst precursor for the two parts, and only the promoter MgO can be added, the preparation process is simple, the environmental pollution is small, and the cost is low. detailed description
  • Example 1 Specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the technical solutions.
  • Example 2 B is dropped into the solution A to coprecipitate to obtain a precipitate (1), and the mixture is stirred at 70 ° C until the ethanol is completely evaporated, and then the obtained catalyst precursor is dried at 11 CTC for 12 hours to 3.0 °.
  • the temperature of C/min is calcined to 350 ° C for 4 hours, and is reduced to room temperature. The particles are crushed, crushed, crushed and sieved to obtain particles of a certain size, that is, a catalyst for hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to methanol is obtained.
  • Example 2
  • the value is between 7 and 8.
  • the filter cake is dried at 11 CTC for 12 hours, heated to 350 ° C for 4 hours at a temperature of 3.0 ° C / min, and cooled to room temperature. Grinding, tableting, crushing and sieving A certain particle size particle is obtained by catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to a methanol catalyst.
  • the obtained catalyst precursor was precipitated and washed, and the pH of the filtrate was controlled to be 7-8.
  • the filter cake was dried at 11 CTC for 12 hours, and then calcined at 350 ° C for 4 hours at a temperature of 3.0 ° C / min, and then cooled to room temperature, ground, tableted, crushed, sieved to obtain particles of a certain size, that is, A catalyst for catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to methanol is obtained.
  • the pH value is between 7 and 8.
  • the filter cake is dried at 110 ° C for 12 hours, heated to 350 ° C for 4 hours at a temperature of 3.0 ° C / min, cooled to room temperature, ground, pressed, broken, A certain particle size particle is obtained by sieving, that is, a catalyst for hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to obtain methanol is obtained.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)

Description

一种二氧化碳催化加氢制甲醇的催化剂及制备方法 技术领域
本发明属于催化剂技术领域, 涉及一种二氧化碳催化加氢制甲醇催化剂及制备方法。 背景技术
随着工业化发展速度的加快说, 特别是石油化工行业的迅猛发展, 二氧化碳温室气体超标 准排放, 所引起的 "温室效应"和 "臭氧空洞" 日益影响人类与大自然的和谐相处, 已经引 起全世界范围的广泛关注, 2009年哥本哈根会议, 再一次把世人的目光会聚到温室气体的排 放上。 二氧化碳气体的随意排放不仅造成严重的环境问题, 而且造成碳资源的严重浪费。 二 氧化碳催化加氢, 则可生成高附加值的化工产品如甲醇、 甲烷、 甲酸、 二甲醚、 乙醇等, 这 些产物进一步转化, 可生产汽油和其它有机聚合物等, 可以缓解目前资源紧缺的局面, 具有 化工、 环保、 经济等多重意义。 书 二氧化碳催化加氢制甲醇是目前研究的热点, 1923年世界上第一个甲醇工厂在 BASF公 司建立, 所用催化剂是 ZnO/Cr203, 反应条件为 300 。C、 20 MPa。 目前采用最多的是高活性、 高选择性的 ΟιΟ-ΖηΟ-Α1203催化剂, 该催化剂在 200 °C就具有较好的活性和甲醇选择性。 但 是随着研究的进一步深入,新的高效催化剂和更缓和的反应条件不断呈现。 ΟιΟ-ΖηΟ-Α1203催 化剂的制备技术不断推陈出新, 超细颗粒催化剂具有较高的比表面积、 高分散度、 热稳定性 好、 高表面能和表面活性点多等特点, 表现出不同于常规材料的独特催化性能, 同时超细催 化剂具有副产物少和甲醇选择性高等特点。载体选择更加新颖化,常见的载体有 Zr02、 A1203、 Ti02、 活性炭 (AC) 等, 目前已出现用碳纳米管 (CNTs) 作为载体和用复合载体的催化剂, 表现出更高的活性、 甲醇选择性和热稳定性。 目前对二氧化碳催化加氢制甲醇铜基催化剂的 研究主要集中在制备方法的进一步优化和改进上, 目的是提高催化剂的活性、 甲醇选择性和 稳定性, 通过添加助剂来改善催化剂的性能是研究者追求的目标之一。
中国专利申请 CN1660490所涉及的甲醇合成催化剂,由 CuO/ZnO/Al203,摩尔比为 6:3:1, 并加入一定量的表面活性剂组成, 采用共沉淀法或分步沉淀法制得。
中国专利申请 CN1329938所涉及的甲醇合成催化剂, CuO/ZnO/A1203按一定配比组成, 在制备方法上与其它方法不同, 将催化剂母料制备分为两部分, 一是用共沉淀法制成含铜、 锌、 铝的共沉淀前驱体, 二是采用共沉淀法制备不含铝的铜、 锌共沉淀前驱体。 发明内容
本发明提供一种二氧化碳催化加氢制甲醇催化剂及制备方法, 通过添加一种助催化剂 MgO来改善催化剂的性能, 解决的技术问题是提高催化剂的活性、 甲醇选择性和催化剂的稳 定性。
本发明的技术方案是:
本发明所述的二氧化碳催化加氢制甲醇催化剂包括下述质量分数的组分: CuO: ZnO: AI2O3: MgO=A: B: C: D, 其 A: B的范围在 l/5~5/l之间, C的范围在 1~10%之间, D的 范围在 0·1~20%之间, CuO: 20-70% (WAV ) , ZnO: 20-70% (WAV ) , A1203: 5-10% (WAV ) , MgO: 0.1-20% (WAV ) 。
本发明催化剂的制备采用共沉淀法, 包括以下步骤:
步骤 (1 ) : 将铜、 锌、 铝、 镁的硝酸盐溶解在无水乙醇或水中, 得到金属离子总浓度 为 0.1~5mol/L的混合溶液, 其中氧化镁加入量根据所得催化剂中所欲得到的 MgO的质量百 分含量进行换算, 控制在 0.1~20%之间;
步骤 (2) : 配置草酸乙醇溶液或草酸水溶液 0.1~3mol/L, 其中草酸可用碳酸钠、 尿素、 碳酸钾、 碳酸氨其中一种代替;
步骤 (3 ) : 将步骤 (2) 的草酸乙醇溶液或草酸水溶液在加热和搅拌的条件下, 滴入步 骤 (1 ) 的混合溶液中, 温度控制在 50~80°C, 加热、 搅拌、 反应直至乙醇完全蒸发, 如果溶 剂为水, 反应 4小时, 老化 1小时, 然后将沉淀物前驱体过滤、 洗涤、 控制滤液 PH值在 7~8 之间; 将催化剂前驱体在 11CTC下干燥过夜, 然后以 3.0°C/min的程序升温至 350°C焙烧 4小 时, 降至室温, 研磨、 压片、 破碎、 筛分即得到二氧化碳催化加氢制甲醇的催化剂。
本发明的效果和益处是所述方法制备的二氧化碳催化加氢制甲醇催化剂, 活性、 甲醇选 择性和稳定性, 均优于不添加 MgO助剂的同比例 CuO-ZnO-A1203催化剂, 符合节能降耗和 环保要求, 适用于二氧化碳和氢气在较低温度和压力下反应。
专利申请 CN1660490所加入表面活性剂不能提高对二氧化碳的吸附, 甲醇选择性提高 不大, 专利申请 CN1329938在制备方法上较为复杂, 本发明与以上两种专利相比, 既没有加 入表面活性剂, 又不必为两部分制备催化剂前驱体, 只需加入助催化剂 MgO即可, 制备工艺 简单, 环境污染小, 成本低。 具体实施方式
以下结合技术方案详细叙述本发明的具体实施方式。 实施例 1
称取 4.55g Cu(N03)2-3H20, 10.95g Ζη(Ν03)2·6Η20, 3.68g Α1(Ν03)3·9Η20禾卩 0.64g Mg(N03)2.6H20溶于 100 ml乙醇中, 溶液记为 A液, 称取 8.91g H2C204.H20溶于 50 ml乙醇 中, 溶液记为 B液, 在 70°C和搅拌条件下, 把 B液滴入 A液中共沉淀反应, 得到沉淀液(1 ), 在 70°C和搅拌条件下直至乙醇完全蒸发, 然后把得到的催化剂前驱体在 11CTC下烘干 12小 时, 以 3.0°C/min的程序升温至 350°C焙烧 4小时, 降至室温, 研磨、 压片、 破碎、 筛分得 一定粒径颗粒, 即得到二氧化碳催化加氢制甲醇催化剂。 实施例 2
称取 4.55g Cu(N03)2-3H20, 10.95g Ζη(Ν03)2·6Η20, 3.68g Α1(Ν03)3·9Η20禾卩 0.64g ^¾(1^03)2.6¾0溶于100 1111水中, 溶液记为 A液, 称取 8.91gH2C204.H20溶于 50 ml水中, 溶 液记为 B液, 在 70°C和搅拌条件下, 把 B液滴入 A液中共沉淀反应, 得到沉淀液 (1 ), 在 70 °C和搅拌条件下反应 4小时, 老化 1小时, 然后把得到的催化剂前驱体沉淀过滤、 洗涤, 控制滤液 PH值在 7~8之间, 把滤饼在 11CTC下烘干 12小时, 以 3.0°C/min的程序升温至 350 °C焙烧 4小时, 降至室温, 研磨、 压片、 破碎、 筛分得一定粒径颗粒, 即得到二氧化碳催 化加氢制甲醇催化剂。 实施例 3
称取 4.55g Cu(N03)2-3H20, 10.95g Ζη(Ν03)2·6Η20, 3.68g Α1(Ν03)3·9Η20禾卩 0.64g ^¾(1^03)2.61¾0溶于100 1111水中, 溶液记为 A液, 称取 8.22gNa2C03溶于 50 ml水中, 溶液记 为 B液, 在 70°C和搅拌条件下, 把 B液滴入 A液中共沉淀反应, 得到沉淀液 (1 ), 在 70°C和 搅拌条件下反应 4小时, 老化 1小时, 然后把得到的催化剂前驱体沉淀过滤、 洗涤, 控制 滤液 PH值在 7~8之间, 把滤饼在 11CTC下烘干 12小时, 以 3.0°C/min的程序升温至 350°C焙 烧 4小时, 降至室温, 研磨、 压片、 破碎、 筛分得一定粒径颗粒, 即得到二氧化碳催化加 氢制甲醇催化剂。 实施例 4
称取 4.55g Cu(N03)2-3H20 , 10.95g Ζη(Ν03)2·6Η20, 3.68g Α1(Ν03)3·9Η20禾卩 0.64g ^¾(1^03)2.6¾0溶于100 1111水中, 溶液记为 A液, 称取 11.12g K2C03溶于 50 ml水中, 溶液记 为 B液, 在 70°C和搅拌条件下, 把 B液滴入 A液中共沉淀反应, 得到沉淀液(1 ), 在 70°C和搅 拌条件下反应 4小时, 老化 1小时, 然后把得到的催化剂前驱体沉淀过滤、 洗涤, 控制滤液 PH值在 7~8之间, 把滤饼在 110°C下烘干 12小时, 以 3.0°C/min的程序升温至 350°C焙烧 4 小时, 降至室温, 研磨、 压片、 破碎、 筛分得一定粒径颗粒, 即得到二氧化碳催化加氢制甲 醇催化剂。
实施例 5
催化剂催化性能测试 (g cat)
催化剂: CuO-ZnO-Al203/MgO, CuO/ZnO/Al203/MgO =3/6/1/Χ (质量比, 其中 X=0.001~0.2);
反应条件: T=195°C, P=3.2Mpa, SV=3600 h"1 , H2/C02=3/l (体积比), 反应前用 10% H2/N2 (体积比) 程序升温至 250°C还原 2小时。
实验结果如下表:
MgO质量百分含量 (wt.% ) C02转化率 (%) 甲醇选择性 (%) 甲醇收率 (%)
0 wt. 1.93 49.20 0.95
2 wt.% 4.18 59.85 2.50
4 wt.% 2.94 68.70 2.02
6 wt.% 2.26 70.54 1.59
8 wt.% 1.83 70.91 1.30

Claims

权 利 要 求 书 、 一种二氧化碳催化加氢制甲醇的催化剂, 其组分中包括 CuO、 ZnO和 A1203, 其特征在于: 按质量百分比, 该催化剂中还含有 0.1~20%的 MgO。 、 权利要求 1所述的催化剂, 其特征在于所述的 CuO与 ZnO的质量比为 1 : 5~5 : 1, A1203的质 量百分含量为 1~10%。 、权利要求 2所述的催化剂, 其特征在于按照质量百分比, 该催化剂由下述组分组成: CuO: 20-70% , ZnO: 20-70% , A1203: 5-10%, MgO: 0.1~20%。 、 权利要求 1所述的催化剂的制备方法, 包括如下步骤:
( 1 ) 配制溶液 A: 溶质为铜、 锌、 铝、 镁的硝酸盐, 溶剂为无水乙醇或水, 所得混 合溶液中金属离子总浓度为 0.1~5mol/L, 硝酸镁的加入量根据所得催化剂中 MgO的质量 百分含量为 0.1~20%进行换算;
(2) 配制溶液 B: 溶质为草酸、 碳酸钠、 尿素、 碳酸钾或碳酸氨, 溶剂为乙醇或水, 溶液 B浓度 0.1~3mol/L;
( 3 ) 将溶液 B在加热和搅拌的条件下, 滴入溶液 A中, 温度控制在 50~80°C ; 充分 反应后得催化剂前驱体; 经后续处理后得到所述的催化剂。 、 权利要求 4所述的催化剂的制备方法, 其特征在于所述步骤 (1 ) 的溶液 A中铝和镁的摩 尔浓度和为 0.1~0.2 mol/L。 、 权利要求 4所述的催化剂的制备方法, 其特征在于步骤 (3 ) 中当溶剂为乙醇时, 乙醇完 全蒸发为充分反应, 残留物即催化剂前驱体; 当溶剂为水时, 反应 4小时, 老化 1小时后 过滤, 洗涤, 所得沉淀即为催化剂前驱体, 洗涤过程控制滤液 PH值在 7~8之间。 、权利要求 4所述的催化剂的制备方法, 其特征在于所述的后续处理包括对催化剂前驱体的 干燥、 焙烧、 降温、 研磨、 压片、 破碎及筛分。 、 权利要求 7所述的催化剂的制备方法, 其特征在于所述的焙烧是以 3.0°C/min的程序升温 至 350 °C焙烧 4小时。 、 权利要求 7所述的催化剂的制备方法, 其特征在于所述的干燥是将催化剂前驱体在 11CTC 下干燥 12小时。
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