WO2012002379A9 - 魚類の寄生虫駆除剤及び駆除方法 - Google Patents
魚類の寄生虫駆除剤及び駆除方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012002379A9 WO2012002379A9 PCT/JP2011/064795 JP2011064795W WO2012002379A9 WO 2012002379 A9 WO2012002379 A9 WO 2012002379A9 JP 2011064795 W JP2011064795 W JP 2011064795W WO 2012002379 A9 WO2012002379 A9 WO 2012002379A9
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- fish
- test
- oxyclozanide
- parasite
- feed
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/60—Salicylic acid; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/609—Amides, e.g. salicylamide
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P33/00—Antiparasitic agents
- A61P33/10—Anthelmintics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a parasite pesticide and a parasite control method for fishes (particularly, cultured fish).
- a parasite pesticide and a parasite control method for fishes particularly, cultured fish.
- it is related with the chemical
- parasitic diseases are a major problem because they hinder stable production.
- monophytic insects belonging to the flat genus Monophyta and fluke infectious diseases belonging to the flat genus Chlamydomida are infectious diseases that occur in many cultured fish and are regarded as one of the biggest problems.
- Parasitoids called Hadamushi are the single rear suckers Capsara family Neobenedenia girellae and Benedenia seriolae, etc., such as yellowtail, yellowtail, white- eye , yellowtail, red sea bream, sea bream, red sea bream It is known to infest many fish species such as yellowhagi, pheasant grouper, hoe, flounder, tiger puffer, and cedar. Symptoms at the site of the occurrence of the above parasites include body death due to symptoms such as redness of the abdomen, redness of the eyelids, cloudiness of the eyeballs, etc. For example, the table appears cloudy. In addition, abnormal swimming such as rubbing the body against the ginger net is often seen.
- the monophytes are Heteraxine heterocerca , a flat- bottomed posterior sucker that parasitizes yellowtails, Zeuxapta japonica , Bivagina tai , a parasite that parasitizes red sea bream, Microcotyle sebastis , Parasitoid microcotyle ( Microcotyle sebastisci ), Heterobothrium okamotoi parasitizing trough pufferfish, Heterobothrium okamotoi , Neoterobotulinum parasitizing flatfish (Neoheterobothrium hirame), carp and single after sucker parasitic to goldfish such Dakuchirogirusu Department Dakuchirogirusu (Dactylogyrus extensus, Dactylogyrus vastator), whether parasitic eel shoe-de-duct Ciro Gills (Pseudodactylogyrus bine, Pseudodactylogyrus anguillae),
- Gyrodactylus Another monocytic insect that is a problem in aquaculture is Gyrodactylus, which belongs to the single post sucker family Gyrodactylus , and more than 500 species have been confirmed from many fish. Symptoms on the spot include discoloration of salmon, fish anemia, and a decrease in obesity. In addition, abnormal swimming such as rubbing the body against the ginger net is often seen. Since the body is rubbed against a ginger net, the chance of infection with pathogenic bacteria increases from the threaded part of the body surface, and the damage may be increased. If parasitosis of this worm is confirmed, it can be dewormed by performing a hydrogen peroxide bath for about 3 minutes while paying attention to the water temperature. However, since the labor required for processing such as transfer of fish and the stress applied to the fish are large, treatment with a drug that can be administered orally is strongly desired.
- Bayer Medical Co., Ltd. and Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd. sell the common name praziquantel (isoquinoline / pyrazine derivative) for the control of the beetles that parasitize on the surface of perch fishes. ing.
- praziquantel isoquinoline / pyrazine derivative
- the general name febantel is marketed by Meiji Seika Co., Ltd. for combating heterobotulium that parasitizes the sea bream fish. These are used by mixing with feed for cultured fish.
- Salicylanilide drugs are used as livestock drugs for the control of endoparasites (particularly Fasciola ic hepatica and nematodes (for example, Haemonchus species)).
- Salicylanilide oxyclozanide oxyclozanide
- Oxyclozanide is orally administered to animals as an aqueous suspension formulation because it is very insoluble in water.
- Non-Patent Document 1 describes that oxyclozanide has an anthelmintic effect against protozoan scuttlefish (Philasterides dicentrarchi) parasitic on fish, but it was simply determined by culturing in seawater in which oxyclozanide was dissolved. Yes, it has not been effective against protozoa that actually parasitized fish.
- Patent Document 1 describes that oxyclozanide is used for livestock liver fluke.
- Patent Document 2 describes the use of other salicylanilide drugs for animal liver fluke.
- Patent Document 3 describes that other salicylanilide drugs are used for the sucking and nematodes of warm-blooded animals.
- Patent Document 4 describes the use of bithionol for controlling parasites in fish.
- the inventors have sought for an orally-administered drug that is effective for monoprotozoa and fluke that are an important problem in the cultivation of yellowtails such as amberjack and yellowtail. And so on. As a result, the present inventors have found that a salicylanilide-based drug marketed as an animal anti-fluxicide is effective and completed the present invention.
- the gist of the present invention is the following fish parasite control agents (1) to (4).
- the gist of the present invention is the parasite control method (5) to (9).
- a method for controlling a fish parasite which comprises administering a salicylanilide drug to a fish.
- the monoprotozoan and fluke which parasitize to cultured fish, especially cultured fish of yellowtail and tuna such as amberjack, hamachi, etc. and have become an important problem can be effectively controlled by oral administration. .
- FIG. 1 is a photograph of neobenedenia adults (left) and normal adults (right) that have fallen from the host observed in the breeding water 4 hours after administration of 100 mg of oxyclozanide. Compared with normal adults, the fallen adults were confirmed to have atrophy of the entire body and atrophy of the fixed plate.
- FIG. 2 is a photograph of the parasite Zeuxapta japonica (left) and Zeupsapta japonica (right) in the control fish section that were removed by administration of oxyclozanide in Example 6. Compared with the control fish plot, the dropout showed atrophy of the body part and atrophy of the adsorber.
- FIG. 1 is a photograph of neobenedenia adults (left) and normal adults (right) that have fallen from the host observed in the breeding water 4 hours after administration of 100 mg of oxyclozanide. Compared with normal adults, the fallen adults were confirmed to have atrophy of the entire body and atrophy of the fixed plate.
- FIG. 2 is a photograph of the parasite Zeuxapta
- FIG. 3 is a photograph of Zeucapta japonica, Dactyrogillus sp., Atrophy of Example 8 with an oxyclozanide solution.
- Dactyrogillus sp In the photograph (upper left) of oxyclozanide 5 ppm treated area 10 minutes after the start of the test, Dactyrogillus sp.
- Dactyrogillus sp. In the photograph (bottom left) of the treatment with 1 ppm oxyclozanide 10 minutes after the start of the test, Dactyrogillus sp. Is atrophied throughout the body, 5-10 minutes after the start of the test, atrophy on the heel, and 15 minutes after the start of the test exercise. Stopped. The Dactyrogillus sp. In the control group 60 minutes after the start of the test repeatedly expanded and contracted (upper right and lower right).
- FIG. 4 is a photograph of caldicola sp. Atrophy in Example 8 with an oxyclozanide solution.
- Caldicola sp. Ten minutes after the start of the test, the caldicola sp.
- FIG. 5 is a photograph of Caligus sp. Dropped out by the oxyclozanide solution in Example 8.
- Caligus sp. 60 minutes after the start of the test
- Caligus sp. In the control group kept parasitizing the arch and repeated exercise (right).
- Eramushi is, Heterakishine family Heterakishine belonging to the multi-after sucker ethers (Heteraxine heterocerca), Zeukusaputa (Zeuxaptajaponica), Mikurokochire family Bibagina (Bivagina tai), Mikurokochire (Microcotylesebastis, Microcotyle sebastisci), Dikuridofora family Heterobotsu potassium (Heterobothriumokamotoi), neo-hetero okamotoi (Neoheterobothrium hirame), single after sucker such Dakuchirogirusu Department Dakuchirogirusu (Dactylogyrusextensus, Dactylogyrus vastator), shoe-de-duct Ciro Gills (Pseudodactylogyrusbine, Pseudodactylogyrus anguillae), and the like.
- Gyrodactylus which belongs to the single post sucker family Gyrodactylidae . Fluke Sanginikora Department of para Deon Tashi helix (Paradeontacylixgrandispinus, Paradeontacylix kampachi), Karujikora (Cardicolasp.) And the like. It is particularly effective for Neo Benedenia and Benedenia.
- the fish includes both fish species of marine fish and freshwater fish.
- the present invention can be applied to fish species that are handled as farmed fish or ornamental fish that require the elimination of parasites.
- farmed fish such as the pufferfish pufferfish tiger pufferfish, perch grouper grouper, perch cichlid tilapia, catfish catfish or catfish catfish, etc.
- the agent of the present invention can be used prophylactically or therapeutically in fish species that are known to be parasites of fish parasites such as aphids and flukes, or fish species that may be parasitized by fish parasites.
- the fish species that are the subject of the present invention include farmed fish of all ages, aquariums and commercial appreciation fish that survive in freshwater and seawater.
- they are perch, flounder, puffer, herring, eel, carp, catfish, and yellowtail, grouper, Thai, flounder, puffer, salmon, eel It is a fish of the kind, carp and catfish.
- the parasite-controlling agent of the present invention can exhibit an effect by oral administration.
- administration by a medicine bath in which a fish is immersed in a solution in which a drug is dissolved, or administration by injection is also possible.
- the concentration of the active ingredient is 0.5 to 500 ppm, preferably 0.5 to 10 ppm.
- the target fish is immersed in the dissolved breeding water for 1 minute to 1 day, preferably 30 minutes to 6 hours.
- 0.01 to 100 mg / kg, preferably 0.5 to 10 mg / kg is administered at a time. In this case, the administration period is suitably 1 to 6 days.
- the parasitic repellent of the present invention uses the above-mentioned compound as an active ingredient alone, and in combination with other substances such as carriers, stabilizers, solvents, excipients, diluents and the like as necessary. Can be used. Further, the form may be any form normally used for these compounds such as powder, granule, tablet, capsule and the like. In the case of fish sensitive to the taste and odor of the compound, a method such as coating can be used to prevent a decrease in the palatability of the feed and make it difficult for the compound to leak out.
- orally administered drugs are usually added to the feed.
- the feed in consideration of the nutrient component and physical property which are required for each fish species.
- fish meal, salmon, starch, minerals, vitamins, fish oil, etc. are mixed into pellets, or frozen fish such as sardines and powdered feed (mash) with fish supplemented with vitamins are mixed. The pellets are used. Since the daily food intake is almost determined by the type and size of the fish, an amount of the present parasite control agent converted to the above dosage is added to the feed.
- This parasite control may be administered in a single daily dose or in several divided doses.
- Neobenedenia Neobenedenia girellae
- the following examples in which are housed maintain spotted halibut as a host the eggs laid by the adults collected and cultured, the hatched larvae obtained were used in the test.
- an unformulated bulk powder was used for oxyclozanide.
- This parasite was exposed by putting about 6000 solids of neobenedenia girelé hatchling larvae into a 500 liter water tank and stopping the water for 1 hour. After exposure to this parasite on the 4th day of the test, 10 fish were housed in 3 200-liter water tanks. Water injection during the breeding period was 2.4 liters / minute. For 6 days from the start of the test, commercial feed was fed, and the feeding rate was 3% of fish weight. On the 7th day from the start of the test, a moist diet containing no drug was fed, and the feeding rate was 2% of the fish weight. On the 8th to 10th day from the start of the test, each group was fed with the test feed (moist feed).
- Test group From the 8th day after the start of the test, a total of 3 groups were set: 100 mg, 200 mg / kg body weight / day, 2 groups in which oxyclozanide was orally administered for 3 days, and a control group (0 mg) fed with a drug-free feed.
- Test feed Moist feed to which a predetermined amount of drug was added was used.
- the feeding activity of the oxyclozanide administration group was equivalent to that of the control group, and the feed supplemented with this drug did not adversely affect the appetite of fish.
- the results of the number of parasitics are shown in Table 1.
- the number of neobenedenia girelé parasites in the oxyclozanide 100 mg group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P ⁇ 0.01, t-test), and the anthelmintic rate was 78% for larvae and 90% for adults. Furthermore, no parasites of parasites were observed in the 200 mg group, and the anthelmintic rate was 100%. In addition, a large number of dwarfed worms were observed in the rearing drainage 4 hours after administration (Fig. 1).
- Test method 73 fishes with an average fish weight of about 210 g were raised in a 500 liter aquarium for about 7 days and acclimated to a water temperature of 25 ° C. In the meantime, the feed was a commercial feed and the feeding rate was 3% of fish weight. The water injection was 4.8 liters / minute. This parasite was exposed to fish twice at the beginning of the test (first exposure) and on the fourth day (second exposure).
- This parasite was exposed by putting about 14,000 solids of neobenedenia girelé hatchling larvae into a 500 liter aquarium and stopping the water for 1 hour. After exposure to the worms on the fourth day of the test, 10 fish were housed in 7 200-liter water tanks. In order to examine the length of the parasite at the start of drug administration, the remaining 3 fish were housed in a 200-liter water tank. Water injection during the breeding period was 2.4 liters / minute. Commercial feed was fed for 6 days from the start of the test, and the feeding rate was 2.5% of fish weight. On the 7th day from the start of the test, a moist diet containing no drug was fed, and the feeding rate was 2% of the fish weight.
- test feed mouse feed
- the feeding rate of the test feed was 2% of the fish weight.
- all fish were sampled and the neo-Benedenia girrelle parasitic on the body surface was counted.
- Test group 25 days, 50 mg, 75 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg / kg fish body weight / day of oxyclozanide administered orally once on the 8th day from the start of the study, 5 days, Prajiquantel at 150 mg / kg fish body weight / day from the 8th day of the study start
- a total of 7 groups were established: a positive control group for oral administration of (commercially available anti-spotted beetle agent) for 3 days and a control group (0 mg) fed with a drug-free feed.
- a group was established to ascertain the size and stage of the parasites when the drug-added feed was administered (3 fish contained in a 200-liter aquarium).
- Test feed Moist feed to which a predetermined amount of drug was added was used.
- the feeding activity of the oxyclozanide administration group was equivalent to that of the control group.
- the feeding activity of the positive control group Praziquantel administration group was clearly reduced from the second day compared with the control group.
- the results of the number of parasitics are shown in Table 2.
- the number of parasites in the oxyclozanide group decreased in a dose-dependent manner, and was significantly decreased (t-test) in the oxyclozanide 75 mg / kg fish body weight group or higher compared to the control group.
- the anthelmintic rate in the oxyclozanide group was about 29% in the 75 mg group, about 63% in the 100 mg group, and 84.4% in the 150 mg group.
- the anthelmintic rate of the positive control group, Praziquantel treatment group was about 45%, and the anthelmintic rate was lower than that of the single administration group of oxyclozanide 100 mg and 150 mg, despite continuous administration for 3 days. .
- Test method 37 amberjacks with an average fish weight of about 328g were bred in a 500 liter aquarium for about 7 days and acclimated to a water temperature of 25 ° C. In the meantime, the feed was a commercial feed and the feeding rate was 2% of the fish weight. The water injection was 4.8 liters / minute. Exposure of this parasite to fish was performed at the start of the study. This parasite was exposed by putting about 7400 Neo-Benedenia Gilele hatchling larvae into a 500 liter aquarium and stopping the water for 1 hour.
- Test group 100 mg, 150 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg / kg fish body weight / day orally administered oxyclozanide for 3 days from the 8th day from the start of the test, 5 groups, Prajiquantel at 150 mg / kg fish body weight / day from the 8th day of the test
- a total of 7 groups were established: a positive control group for oral administration of (commercially available anti-spotted beetle agent) for 3 days and a control group (0 mg) fed with a drug-free feed.
- a group was established to ascertain the size and stage of the parasites during administration of the drug-added feed (contained in two 500 liter water tanks).
- Test feed Moist feed to which a predetermined amount of drug was added was used.
- the feeding activity of the oxyclozanide administration group was equivalent to that of the control group.
- the feeding activity of the positive control group, Praziquantel administration group took about 10 times as long as the control group to eat a predetermined amount of feed at the time of administration on the third day.
- Test method Fish breeding was carried out in a land circulation water tank equipped with a filtration tank for purifying the breeding water and an ultraviolet sterilizer for sterilizing the breeding water. Thirty amberjacks with an average fish weight of about 321 g were housed in a 200 liter aquarium, each of which was raised for 7 days and acclimated to a water temperature of 30 ° C. In the meantime, the feed was a commercial feed and the feeding rate was 2% of the fish weight. The water injection was 12 liters / minute. Exposure of this parasite to fish was performed at the start of the study.
- This parasite was exposed by putting 1000 neo-Benedenia girrelle hatchling larvae into each 200 liter aquarium and stopping the water for 30 minutes.
- Commercial feed was fed for 5 days from the start of the test, and the feeding rate was 2% of the fish weight.
- a moist feed containing no drug was fed, and the feeding rate was 2% of the fish weight.
- each group was fed with the test feed (moist feed).
- the feeding rate of the test feed was 2% of the fish weight.
- a moist diet containing no drug was fed to examine the appetite of each section.
- Test group Total of 75 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg, 250 mg, 300 mg / kg body weight / day of oxyclozanide orally administered for 3 days from the 7th day of the test, and a control group (0 mg) fed with a drug-free feed Six wards were set.
- Test feed Moist feed to which a predetermined amount of drug was added was used.
- the feeding activity of the oxyclozanide administration group was equivalent to that of the control group.
- Table 4 shows the results of the parasitic number.
- the number of neobenedenia girelé parasites was significantly lower than that in the control group (P ⁇ 0.01, t-test), and the anthelmintic rate was 57.9% in the 75 mg group, 92.6% in the 100 mg group, and 200 mg In the above administration groups, all were 100%. Therefore, it was shown that oxyclozanide exerts an anthelmintic effect when administered orally to the sand beetle even at a high water temperature of 30 ° C.
- the beetle anthelmintic method of amberjack is a medicine bath with a fresh water bath or a medicine mainly composed of hydrogen peroxide.
- oxyclozanide is a very excellent compound because such an adverse effect is not observed even at high water temperature, and it exerts a high anthelmintic effect against fish parasites.
- Test method Twenty-five amberjacks with an average fish weight of about 420 g were bred in a 500 liter aquarium for about 7 days and acclimated to a water temperature of 25 ° C. In the meantime, the feed was a commercial feed and the feeding rate was 2% of the fish weight. The water injection was 4.8 liters / minute. Exposure of this parasite to fish was performed at the start of the study. This parasite was exposed by putting about 5300 Benedenia seriole hatchling larvae into a 500 liter water tank and stopping the water for 1 hour.
- Test group 75 groups, 100 mg, 150 mg, 200 mg / kg fish body weight / day from the 8th day of the test, 4 groups where oxyclozanide is orally administered for 3 days, and a control group (0 mg) fed with no drug-added feed for a total of 5 groups It was set.
- the feeding activity of the oxyclozanide administration group was equivalent to that of the control group.
- Table 5 shows the results of the parasitic number.
- the number of parasitized Benedenia seriole was significantly smaller than the control group (P ⁇ 0.01, t-test), and the anthelmintic rate was 31.1% in the 75 mg group, 89.8% in the 100 mg group, and 150 mg.
- the administration group was 99.8%, and the 200 mg administration group was 100%. Therefore, oxyclozanide was shown to exert an anthelmintic effect on Benedenia seriole. Since oxyclozanide exerted a high anthelmintic effect on both Neo Benedenia girere and Benedenia seriole, it was considered that the anthelmintic effect was orally administered to all common sandworms by oral administration.
- Test method Twenty-seven amberjacks with an average fish weight of about 314 g were bred in a 500 liter aquarium for about 7 days and acclimated to a water temperature of 25 ° C. In the meantime, the feed was a commercial feed and the feeding rate was 2% of the fish weight. The water injection was 4.8 liters / minute. This parasite was exposed to fish by putting zeuxapta japonica hatchling larvae into a 500 liter aquarium for 11 days. 26 days after the first worm exposure, 5 fish were housed in 5 200-liter water tanks.
- the remaining two fish were kept in a 500 liter aquarium. Water injection during the breeding period was 2.4 liters / minute.
- a moist feed containing no drug was fed, and the feeding rate was 2% of the fish weight.
- each group was fed with the test feed (moist feed).
- the feeding rate of the test feed was 2% of the fish weight.
- a moist diet containing no drug was fed to examine the appetite of each section.
- all fish were sampled and the number of Zeuxapta japonica parasitizing the coral was counted.
- Test group 50 groups, 50 mg, 75 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg / kg body weight / day from the third day of the study, 4 groups in which oxyclozanide is orally administered for 3 days, and a control group (0 mg) fed with no-additive feed for a total of 5 groups It was set.
- a group was established to ascertain the size and stage of the parasites during administration of the drug-added feed (contained in two 500 liter water tanks).
- the feeding activity of the oxyclozanide administration group was equivalent to that of the control group.
- Table 6 shows the results of the number of parasitics.
- the number of parasites of Zeuxapta / Yaponica was significantly lower than that in the control group (P ⁇ 0.01, t-test), and the anthelmintic rate was 79.2% in the 50 mg treatment group, and in any administration group over 75 mg Was also 100%.
- the worms that had fallen off through the mesh drainage of the administration area of this drug were collected and examined.
- the pharynx collapsed and the body on the pharynx side with the digestive tract was atrophied (FIG. 2).
- oxyclozanide exerts an anthelmintic effect by oral administration against monophytes such as aphids and aphids.
- dose of oxyclozanide that exerts the anthelmintic effect was considered to be slightly different depending on the type and site of the parasite.
- Test group On the 8th day from the start of the test, a total of 2 groups were set, a group in which oxyclozanide was orally administered at a dose of 100 mg / kg body weight / day and a control group (0 mg) fed with a drug-free feed. Furthermore, apart from the administration group, a group was established to grasp the size and stage of the parasites during administration of the drug-added feed (contained in two 200-liter water tanks).
- Test feed Moist feed to which a predetermined amount of drug was added was used.
- the feeding activity of the oxyclozanide administration group was equivalent to that of the control group.
- Table 7 shows the results of the parasitic number.
- the number of infestations in the group treated with oxyclozanide was significantly smaller than that in the control group (P ⁇ 0.05, t-test). Since the administration effect of this drug was also observed in yellowtail, it was shown that the anthelmintic effect can be obtained against fish parasites such as beetles and aphids by administering this compound in any fish species.
- the parasites were collected from Benedenia seriolae (Benedenia seriolae), the body surface of the campip, Neo Benedenia jirele (Body sculpture), Heteraxine heterocerca (Buri spear), Zeuksapta Japonica (Campula spear), and Dactyrogillus sp. Kajikora sp. Came from the bluefin tuna heart, and Caligus sp.
- Halogenated saltyl anilide compound In the test, a total of three drugs, oxyclozanide, rafoxanide, and closantel, were used.
- Oxyclozanide has an atrophy effect on Zeucapta japonica, Dactyrogillus sp. (Fig. 3), Calcicola sp. (Fig. 4) and stops movement against Caligus sp. (Fig. 5) from the host arch. Demonstrated the effect of dropping off. Oxyclozanide exerts an anthelmintic effect not only on the monopods Hadamushi and Aphid, but also on the fish fluke and the parasitic shellfish of the fish. It was. Moreover, as shown in the previous Example, these parasites can be dewormed by administering this compound to fish.
- an antiparasitic agent capable of controlling parasites such as farmed fish, particularly monocytic insects or flukes by oral administration.
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Abstract
Description
(1)サリチルアニリド系薬剤を有効成分として含有する魚類の寄生虫駆除剤。
(2)寄生虫が単生虫又は吸虫に属する寄生虫である(1)に記載の寄生虫駆除剤。
(3)サリチルアニリド系薬剤がオキシクロザニド、ラフォキサニド又はクロサンテルである(1)又は(2)に記載の寄生虫駆除剤。
(4)魚類がスズキ目、カレイ目、フグ目、ニシン目、ウナギ目、コイ目、又はナマズ目の魚類である(1)~(3)のいずれかに記載の寄生虫駆除剤。
(5)魚類にサリチルアニリド系薬剤を投与することを特徴とする魚類の寄生虫駆除方法。
(6)寄生虫が単生虫又は吸虫に属する寄生虫である(5)に記載の寄生虫駆除方法。
(7)サリチルアニリド系薬剤がオキシクロザニド、ラフォキサニド又はクロサンテルである(5)又は(6)に記載の寄生虫駆除方法。
(8)魚類がスズキ目、カレイ目、ニシン目、フグ目、コイ目、ウナギ目、又はナマズ目の魚類である(5)~(7)のいずれかに記載の寄生虫駆除方法。
(9)1日当たり、サリチルアニリド系薬剤を1~1000mg/kg魚体重経口投与することを特徴とする(5)~(8)いずれかに記載の寄生虫駆除方法。
試験方法:
平均魚体重約150gのカンパチ30尾を500リットル水槽で約7日間飼育し、25℃の水温に馴致した。その間の給餌は市販飼料を与え、給餌率を魚体重の3%とした。注水は4.8リットル/分とした。魚への本寄生虫の暴露を試験開始時(第1回暴露)と開始4日目(第2回暴露)の2回実施した。本寄生虫の暴露は、ネオベネデニア・ジレレ孵化幼生約6000固体を500リットル水槽に投入し、1時間止水とすることで行った。試験開始4日目の本寄生虫暴露後、10尾ずつ200リットル水槽3基に収容した。飼育期間中の注水は2.4リットル/分とした。試験開始から6日間は市販飼料を給餌し、給餌率を魚体重の3%とした。試験開始7日目は薬剤を含まないモイスト飼料を給餌し、給餌率を魚体重の2%とした。試験開始8~10日目に各区試験飼料(モイスト飼料)を給餌した。試験飼料の給餌率は魚体重の2%とした。試験開始11日目に市販飼料を給餌し、各区の食欲を観察した。試験開始12日目に全ての魚をサンプリングし、体表に寄生しているネオベネデニア・ジレレを数えた。
結果と考察
試験飼料給餌開始時に寄生している本虫の大きさとステージは、第1回暴露のものが2.5mm前後の成虫、第2回暴露のものが0.6mm前後の幼虫であった。試験終了時の対照区の本虫の大きさは第1回暴露のものが3.80±0.24mm、第2回暴露のものが2.12±0.22mmであり、正常に成長していた。
試験方法:
平均魚体重約210gのカンパチ73尾を500リットル水槽で約7日間飼育し、25℃の水温に馴致した。その間の給餌は市販飼料を与え、給餌率を魚体重の3%とした。注水は4.8リットル/分とした。魚への本寄生虫の暴露を試験開始時(第1回暴露)と開始4日目(第2回暴露)の2回実施した。本寄生虫の暴露は、ネオベネデニア・ジレレ孵化幼生約14000固体を500リットル水槽に投入し、1時間止水とすることで行った。試験開始4日目の本虫暴露後、10尾ずつ200リットル水槽7基に収容した。また、薬剤投与開始時の寄生虫体長を調べるために、残りの3尾を200リットル水槽に収容した。飼育期間中の注水は2.4リットル/分とした。試験開始から6日間は市販飼料を給餌し、給餌率を魚体重の2.5%とした。試験開始7日目は薬剤を含まないモイスト飼料を給餌し、給餌率を魚体重の2%とした。試験開始8~10日目に各区試験飼料(モイスト飼料)を給餌した。試験飼料の給餌率は魚体重の2%とした。試験開始11日目に全ての魚をサンプリングし、体表に寄生しているネオベネデニア・ジレレを数えた。
結果と考察
試験飼料給餌開始時に寄生していた本虫の体長とステージは、第1回暴露のものが2.42±0.28mmで成虫、第2回暴露のものが0.89±0.09mmで幼虫であった。試験終了時の対照区の本虫の体長は第1回暴露のものが3.45±0.27mm、第2回暴露のものが1.76±0.17mmで幼虫であり、正常に成長していた。
試験方法:
平均魚体重約328gのカンパチ37尾を500リットル水槽で約7日間飼育し、25℃の水温に馴致した。その間の給餌は市販飼料を与え、給餌率を魚体重の2%とした。注水は4.8リットル/分とした。魚への本寄生虫の暴露を試験開始時に実施した。本寄生虫の暴露は、ネオベネデニア・ジレレ孵化幼生約7400個体を500リットル水槽に投入し、1時間止水とすることで行った。本虫暴露後、5尾ずつ200リットル水槽7基に収容した。また、薬剤投与開始時の寄生虫体長を調べるために、残りの2尾を500リットル水槽に残し飼育した。飼育期間中の注水は2.4リットル/分とした。試験開始から6日間は市販飼料を給餌し、給餌率を魚体重の2%とした。試験開始7日目は薬剤を含まないモイスト飼料を給餌し、給餌率を魚体重の2%とした。試験開始8~10日目に各区試験飼料(モイスト飼料)を給餌した。試験飼料の給餌率は魚体重の2%とした。試験開始11日目は各区の食欲を調べるため、薬剤を含まないモイスト飼料を給餌した。試験開始12日目に全ての魚をサンプリングし、体表に寄生しているネオベネデニア・ジレレを数えた。
結果と考察
試験飼料給餌開始時に寄生していた本虫の体長とステージは、2.73±0.20mmで成虫であった。試験終了時の対照区の本虫の体長は4.08±0.22mmであり、正常に成長していた。
試験方法:
魚の飼育は、飼育水を浄化する濾過槽と飼育水を殺菌する紫外線殺菌機を備えた陸上循環式水槽で行った。平均魚体重約321gのカンパチ30尾を200リットル水槽に各5尾収容し、7日間飼育して30℃の水温に馴致した。その間の給餌は市販飼料を与え、給餌率を魚体重の2%とした。注水は12リットル/分とした。魚への本寄生虫の暴露を試験開始時に実施した。本寄生虫の暴露は、ネオベネデニア・ジレレ孵化幼生1000個体を各200リットル水槽に投入し、30分止水とすることで行った。試験開始から5日間は市販飼料を給餌し、給餌率を魚体重の2%とした。試験開始6日目は薬剤を含まないモイスト飼料を給餌し、給餌率を魚体重の2%とした。試験開始7~9日目に各区試験飼料(モイスト飼料)を給餌した。試験飼料の給餌率は魚体重の2%とした。試験開始10日目は各区の食欲を調べるため、薬剤を含まないモイスト飼料を給餌した。試験開始11日目に全ての魚をサンプリングし、体表に寄生しているネオベネデニア・ジレレを数えた。
試験区:試験開始7日目から75mg、100mg、200mg、250mg、300mg/kg魚体重/日で3日間オキシクロザニドを経口投与する5区、および薬剤無添加飼料を給餌する対照区(0mg)の計6区を設定した。
結果と考察
試験飼料給餌開始時に寄生していた本虫の体長を調べるため、オキシクロザニド投与区のカンパチから脱落した虫を回収し体長を測定した。試験飼料給餌開始時に寄生していたネオベネデニア・ジレレの体長は2.97±0.25mmで成虫であった。試験終了時の対照区の本虫の体長は4.91±0.23mmであり、正常に成長していた。
試験方法:
平均魚体重約420gのカンパチ25尾を500リットル水槽で約7日間飼育し、25℃の水温に馴致した。その間の給餌は市販飼料を与え、給餌率を魚体重の2%とした。注水は4.8リットル/分とした。魚への本寄生虫の暴露を試験開始時に実施した。本寄生虫の暴露は、ベネデニア・セリオレ孵化幼生約5300個体を500リットル水槽に投入し、1時間止水とすることで行った。本虫暴露後、5尾ずつ200リットル水槽5基に収容した。飼育期間中の注水は2.4リットル/分とした。試験開始から6日間は市販飼料を給餌し、給餌率を魚体重の2%とした。試験開始7日目は薬剤を含まないモイスト飼料を給餌し、給餌率を魚体重の2%とした。試験開始8~10日目に各区試験飼料(モイスト飼料)を給餌した。試験飼料の給餌率は魚体重の2%とした。試験開始11日目は各区の食欲を調べるため、薬剤を含まないモイスト飼料を給餌した。試験開始12日目に全ての魚をサンプリングし、体表に寄生しているベネデニア・セリオレを数えた。
結果と考察
試験飼料給餌開始時に寄生していた本虫の体長を調べるため、オキシクロザニド投与区のカンパチから脱落した虫を回収し体長を測定した。試験飼料給餌開始時に寄生していたネオベネデニアの体長は2.08±0.15mmで、幼虫と成虫が混在していた。試験終了時の対照区の本虫の体長は4.66±0.42mmであり、正常に成長していた。
試験方法:
平均魚体重約314gのカンパチ27尾を500リットル水槽で約7日間飼育し、25℃の水温に馴致した。その間の給餌は市販飼料を与え、給餌率を魚体重の2%とした。注水は4.8リットル/分とした。魚への本寄生虫の暴露は、ゼウクサプタ・ヤポニカ孵化幼生を500リットル水槽に11日間投入することで行った。最初の本虫暴露から26日後に、5尾ずつ200リットル水槽5基に収容した。また、薬剤投与開始時の寄生虫体長を調べるために、残りの2尾を500リットル水槽に残し飼育した。飼育期間中の注水は2.4リットル/分とした。試験開始から2日間は薬剤を含まないモイスト飼料を給餌し、給餌率を魚体重の2%とした。試験開始3~5日目に各区試験飼料(モイスト飼料)を給餌した。試験飼料の給餌率は魚体重の2%とした。試験開始6日目は各区の食欲を調べるため、薬剤を含まないモイスト飼料を給餌した。試験開始7日目に全ての魚をサンプリングし、鰓に寄生しているゼウクサプタ・ヤポニカを数えた。
結果と考察
試験飼料給餌開始時に寄生していたゼウクサプタ・ヤポニカの体長は3~4.5mmで、幼虫と成虫が混在していた。
平均魚体重約82gのブリ22尾を500リットル水槽で約7日間飼育し、25℃の水温に馴致した。その間の給餌は市販飼料を与え、給餌率を魚体重の4%とした。注水は4.8リットル/分とした。魚への本寄生虫の暴露を試験開始時に実施した。本寄生虫の暴露は、ネオベネデニア・ジレレ孵化幼生約5600個体を500リットル水槽に投入し、1時間止水とすることで行った。本虫暴露後、10尾ずつ200リットル水槽2基に収容した。また、薬剤投与開始時の寄生虫体長を調べるために、残りの2尾を200リットル水槽に収容した。飼育期間中の注水は2.4リットル/分とした。試験開始から6日間は市販飼料を給餌し、給餌率を魚体重の2%とした。試験開始7日目は薬剤を含まないモイスト飼料を給餌し、給餌率を魚体重の2%とした。試験開始8日目に各区試験飼料(モイスト飼料)を給餌した。試験飼料の給餌率は魚体重の2%とした。試験開始9日目に全ての魚をサンプリングし、体表に寄生しているネオベネデニア・ジレレを数えた。
結果と考察
試験飼料給餌時に寄生していた本虫の体長は2.19±0.20mmであり、幼虫と成虫が混在していた。
供試した魚類寄生虫:試験には、ハダムシ2種(ベネデニア・セリオラBenedenia seriolae、ネオベネデニア・ジレレNeobenedenia girellae)とエラムシ3種(ヘテラキシネ・ヘテロセルカHeteraxine heterocerca、ゼウクサプタ・ヤポニカ Zeuxapta japonica、ダクチロギルスに属する寄生虫 Dactylogylus sp.)、血管内吸虫1種(カルジコラに属する寄生虫 Cardicola sp.)、甲殻類1種(カリグスに属する寄生虫 Caligus sp.)の計7種類の魚類寄生虫を供試した。寄生虫の採取は、ベネデニア・セリオラ(Benedenia seriolae)がカンパチの体表、ネオベネデニア・ジレレがホシガレイの体表、ヘテラキシネ・ヘテロセルカがブリの鰓、ゼウクサプタ・ヤポニカがカンパチの鰓、ダクチロギルスsp.が金魚の鰓、カルジコラsp.がクロマグロの心臓、カリグスsp.がブリの鰓弓から行った。
結果と考察
結果を表8に示した。ハロゲン化サルチルアニリド化合物は、ベネデニア・セリオレ、ネオベネデニア・ジレレ、ヘテラキシネ・ヘテロセルカに対して萎縮効果を発揮した。これらの結果は、オキシクロザニドを含むハロゲン化サルチルアニリド化合物が魚類寄生虫に対して駆虫効果を発揮することを示している。さらに、オキシクロザニドは、ゼウクアプタ・ヤポニカ、ダクチロギルスsp.(図3)、カルジコラsp.(図4)に対して萎縮効果を、カリグスsp.(図5)に対して運動を停止させて宿主鰓弓から脱落させる効果を発揮した。オキシクロザニドは、単生虫であるハダムシやエラムシだけではなく、魚類の吸虫や魚類の寄生性甲殻類にも駆虫効果を発揮することから、魚類寄生虫全般に対して駆虫効果を発揮することが考えられた。また、先の実施例で示したように、本化合物を魚に投与することでこれら寄生虫を駆虫できる。
Claims (9)
- サリチルアニリド系薬剤を有効成分として含有する魚類の寄生虫駆除剤。
- 寄生虫が単生虫又は吸虫に属する寄生虫である請求項1に記載の寄生虫駆除剤。
- サリチルアニリド系薬剤がオキシクロザニド、ラフォキサニド又はクロサンテルである請求項1又は2に記載の寄生虫駆除剤。
- 魚類がスズキ目、カレイ目、フグ目、ニシン目、ウナギ目、コイ目、又はナマズ目の魚類である請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の寄生虫駆除剤。
- 魚類にサリチルアニリド系薬剤を投与することを特徴とする魚類の寄生虫駆除方法。
- 寄生虫が単生虫又は吸虫に属する寄生虫である請求項5に記載の寄生虫駆除方法。
- サリチルアニリド系薬剤がオキシクロザニド、ラフォキサニド又はクロサンテルである請求項5又は6に記載の寄生虫駆除方法。
- 魚類がスズキ目、カレイ目、ニシン目、フグ目、コイ目、ウナギ目、又はナマズ目の魚類である請求項5~7のいずれかに記載の寄生虫駆除方法。
- 1日当たり、サリチルアニリド系薬剤を1~1000mg/kg魚体重経口投与することを特徴とする請求項5~8のいずれかに記載の寄生虫駆除方法。
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