WO2011162180A1 - 紫外半導体発光素子 - Google Patents
紫外半導体発光素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011162180A1 WO2011162180A1 PCT/JP2011/063931 JP2011063931W WO2011162180A1 WO 2011162180 A1 WO2011162180 A1 WO 2011162180A1 JP 2011063931 W JP2011063931 W JP 2011063931W WO 2011162180 A1 WO2011162180 A1 WO 2011162180A1
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- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
- H01L33/58—Optical field-shaping elements
- H01L33/60—Reflective elements
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- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/10—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a light reflecting structure, e.g. semiconductor Bragg reflector
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- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/20—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a particular shape, e.g. curved or truncated substrate
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- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/26—Materials of the light emitting region
- H01L33/30—Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of group III and group V of the periodic system
- H01L33/32—Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of group III and group V of the periodic system containing nitrogen
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- H01L33/36—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the electrodes
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- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/44—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the coatings, e.g. passivation layer or anti-reflective coating
- H01L33/46—Reflective coating, e.g. dielectric Bragg reflector
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- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/36—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the electrodes
- H01L33/38—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the electrodes with a particular shape
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an ultraviolet semiconductor light emitting device using a nitride semiconductor material as a material of a light emitting layer.
- Ultraviolet semiconductor light-emitting elements that emit light in the ultraviolet wavelength range are expected to be applied in various fields such as hygiene, medicine, industry, lighting, and precision machinery.
- a general ultraviolet semiconductor light emitting device using a nitride semiconductor material as a material of the light emitting layer has a low luminous efficiency and light output compared to a nitride semiconductor light emitting device that emits blue light, and is widely industrialized. There is no current situation.
- the reason why the luminous efficiency of the ultraviolet semiconductor light emitting device is low is that the threading dislocation density is high, non-radiative recombination becomes dominant, the internal quantum efficiency is low, and the performance of the p-type nitride semiconductor layer is insufficient.
- the reason is that the light extraction efficiency of the emitted ultraviolet light to the outside is low.
- the material of the light emitting layer is Al x Ga 1-x N (x ⁇ 0.4), and the hole concentration is compared with the p-type nitride semiconductor layer as a p-type contact layer for obtaining ohmic contact with the p-electrode.
- Non-Patent Document 1 In an ultraviolet semiconductor light emitting device (see Non-Patent Document 1) provided with a p-type GaN layer that can be made high, the p-type GaN layer absorbs ultraviolet light of 360 nm or less. The incident ultraviolet light is absorbed and is not extracted to the outside, and the light extraction efficiency to the outside is reduced.
- a light emitting layer composed of an n-type nitride semiconductor layer and an Al x Ga 1-x N (0.4 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.0) layer and a p-type nitride semiconductor layer on one surface side of the substrate.
- the ultraviolet light semiconductor light emitting device constituted by the p-type contact layer composed of the upper Al z2 Ga 1 -z2 N (0 ⁇ z2 ⁇ y2) layer a groove is formed in the p-type contact layer, and the groove of the p-type contact layer
- Patent Document 1 There has been proposed an apparatus that can extract ultraviolet light from the surface (see Patent Document 1).
- the present invention has been made in view of the above reasons, and an object of the present invention is to provide an ultraviolet semiconductor light emitting device capable of improving the light extraction efficiency from one surface side in the thickness direction.
- the ultraviolet semiconductor light-emitting device of the present invention has a light-emitting layer 4 between an n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3 and a p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5, and an n-electrode 6 in contact with the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3.
- An ultraviolet semiconductor light emitting device comprising at least a p-electrode 7 in contact with the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5, the surface of the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5 opposite to the light-emitting layer 4, A recess 8 is formed avoiding the formation region of the p-electrode 7, and a reflection film 9 that reflects ultraviolet light emitted from the light emitting layer 4 is formed on the inner bottom surface of the recess 8.
- the ultraviolet semiconductor light emitting device of the present invention has a light emitting layer between an n-type nitride semiconductor layer and a p-type nitride semiconductor layer, an n electrode in contact with the n-type nitride semiconductor layer, and the p At least a p-type contact layer having a band gap smaller than that of the light emitting layer and being in ohmic contact with the p electrode.
- a recess is formed on the surface of the p-type nitride semiconductor layer opposite to the light emitting layer, avoiding the formation region of the p electrode, and on the inner bottom surface of the recess, A reflection film that reflects ultraviolet light emitted from the light emitting layer is formed.
- the p-type nitride semiconductor layer is preferably formed with a plurality of the concave portions.
- the p-type nitride semiconductor layer preferably includes, in order from the p-electrode side, the p-type contact layer and a p-type cladding layer having a larger band gap than the p-type contact layer.
- the reflection film is extended to the p electrode.
- the light extraction efficiency from one surface side in the thickness direction can be improved.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an ultraviolet semiconductor light emitting device of Embodiment 1, wherein (a) is a schematic plan view, and (b) is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line A-A ′ of (a).
- FIG. 3 shows an ultraviolet semiconductor light emitting device of Embodiment 2, wherein (a) is a schematic plan view, (b) is a schematic cross-sectional view along A-A ′ of (a), and (c) is a schematic bottom view.
- FIG. 4 shows an ultraviolet semiconductor light-emitting device of Embodiment 3, wherein (a) is a schematic plan view and (b) is a schematic cross-sectional view along A-A ′ of (a).
- the ultraviolet semiconductor light emitting device of this embodiment is an ultraviolet light emitting diode, and an n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3 is formed on one surface side of a substrate 1 via a buffer layer 2, and the surface side of the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3 is The light emitting layer 4 is formed on the surface, and the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5 is formed on the surface side of the light emitting layer 4.
- the ultraviolet semiconductor light emitting device has the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3, the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5, and the light emitting layer 4.
- the light emitting layer 4 is disposed between the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3 and the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5.
- the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5 has a contact surface that contacts the light emitting layer 4.
- the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5 has a first surface and a second surface.
- the second surface of the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5 is defined as a surface that is in contact with the light emitting layer 4.
- the first surface of the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5 is located on the side opposite to the second surface of the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5 when viewed from the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5.
- n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3, the light emitting layer 4, and the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5 are arranged in this order.
- the direction in which n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3, light-emitting layer 4, and p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5 are arranged is defined as the thickness direction of the ultraviolet semiconductor light-emitting element.
- the ultraviolet semiconductor light emitting element has a square mesa structure on the one surface side of the substrate 1, and an n electrode (cathode electrode) 6 and a p electrode (anode electrode) 7 are on the one surface side of the substrate 1. Are lined up horizontally. That is, in the ultraviolet semiconductor light emitting device, the n electrode 6 is formed on the surface 3a exposed on the light emitting layer 4 side in the n type nitride semiconductor layer 3, and the surface side of the p type nitride semiconductor layer 5 (p type nitride). A p-electrode 7 is formed on the side of the semiconductor layer 5 opposite to the light emitting layer 4 side.
- the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5 has a first surface and a second surface.
- the second surface of the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5 is defined as a surface that is in contact with the light emitting layer 4.
- the first surface of the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5 is located on the side opposite to the second surface of the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5 when viewed from the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5.
- a p-electrode 7 is provided on the first surface of the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5.
- the mesa structure is formed by forming a laminated film of the buffer layer 2, the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3, the light-emitting layer 4, and the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5 on the one surface side of the substrate 1 by the MOVPE method or the like.
- the laminated film is formed by patterning so that a part of the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3 is exposed.
- the surface 3 a on which the n-electrode 6 is formed in the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3 etches a predetermined region of the laminated film from the surface side of the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5 to the middle of the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3. It is exposed by doing.
- n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3 has a first surface and a second surface.
- the first surface of the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3 is defined as a surface facing the light emitting layer 4.
- the second surface of the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3 is located on the side opposite to the first surface of the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3 when viewed from the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3.
- the light emitting layer 4 is disposed on the first surface of the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3 so that a part of the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3 is exposed. More specifically, the light emitting layer 4 is disposed on the first surface of the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3 so that a part of the first surface of the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3 is exposed. In FIG. 1B, the light emitting layer 4 is disposed directly on the first surface of the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3. However, the light emitting layer 4 does not need to be directly disposed on the first surface of the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3.
- the fact that the light emitting layer 4 is disposed on the first surface of the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3 means that the light emitting layer 4 is directly or indirectly on the first surface of the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3. Including being placed.
- the ultraviolet semiconductor light emitting element has a recess 8 formed on the surface of the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5 opposite to the light emitting layer 4 so as to avoid the formation region of the p electrode 7, and on the inner bottom surface 8a of the recess 8, A reflective film 9 that reflects ultraviolet light emitted from the light emitting layer 4 is formed.
- the recess 8 is formed on the first surface of the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5.
- the concave portion 8 is displaced from the p-electrode 7 in a direction orthogonal to the thickness direction of the ultraviolet semiconductor light emitting element.
- the p-electrode 7 and the recess 8 are formed on the first surface of the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5.
- the recess 8 is formed in a region other than the region where the p-electrode 7 is formed.
- a sapphire substrate having one surface with a (0001) plane, that is, a c-plane is used.
- the substrate 1 is not limited to a sapphire substrate, and may be a single crystal substrate that is transparent to ultraviolet light emitted from the light emitting layer 4.
- a spinel substrate, a silicon carbide substrate, a zinc oxide substrate, a magnesium oxide substrate, boron A zirconium fluoride substrate, a group III nitride semiconductor crystal substrate, or the like may be used.
- the buffer layer 2 is provided in order to reduce threading dislocations in the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3 and to reduce residual strain in the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3, and is composed of an AlN layer.
- the buffer layer 2 is not limited to an AlN layer, and may be a nitride semiconductor layer containing Al as a constituent element.
- the buffer layer 2 may be composed of an AlGaN layer or an AlInN layer.
- the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3 is for injecting electrons into the light emitting layer 4, and the film thickness and composition are not particularly limited.
- the Si-doped n-type Al formed on the buffer layer 2 is used. What is necessary is just to comprise by a 0.55Ga0.45N layer.
- the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3 is not limited to a single layer structure, and may be a multilayer structure.
- the upper Si-doped n-type Al 0.55 Ga 0.45 N layer may be used.
- the light emitting layer 4 has a quantum well structure, and barrier layers and well layers are alternately stacked.
- the barrier layer may be composed of an Al 0.55 Ga 0.45 N layer having a thickness of 8 nm
- the well layer may be composed of an Al 0.40 Ga 0.60 N layer having a thickness of 2 nm.
- Each composition of the barrier layer and the well layer is not limited, and may be set as appropriate according to a desired emission wavelength (emission peak wavelength) in a wavelength region of 250 nm to 300 nm, for example.
- the number of well layers in the light emitting layer 4 is not particularly limited, and the light emitting layer 4 is not limited to a multiple quantum well structure having a plurality of well layers, but adopts a single quantum well structure having one well layer. May be.
- the thicknesses of the barrier layer and the well layer are not particularly limited.
- the light emitting layer 4 has a single layer structure, and the light emitting layer 4 and the layers on the both sides in the thickness direction of the light emitting layer 4 (n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3 and p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5) have a double hetero structure. May be formed.
- the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5 is for injecting holes into the light emitting layer 4, and the film thickness and composition are not particularly limited.
- a p-type cladding layer formed on the light emitting layer 4 What is necessary is just to comprise by 5a and the p-type contact layer 5b formed on this p-type clad layer 5a.
- the p-type cladding layer 5a includes a first p-type semiconductor layer made of an Mg-doped p-type AlGaN layer formed on the light emitting layer 4, and an Mg-doped p-type formed on the first p-type semiconductor layer.
- a second p-type semiconductor layer made of an AlGaN layer is used.
- the p-type contact layer 5b is composed of an Mg-doped p-type GaN layer.
- the band gap energy of the first p-type semiconductor layer is larger than the band gap energy of the second p-type semiconductor layer. It is set as follows.
- the composition of the second p-type semiconductor layer is set such that the band gap energy of the second p-type semiconductor layer is the same as the band gap of the barrier layer in the light emitting layer.
- the thickness of the first p-type semiconductor layer is set to 15 nm
- the thickness of the second p-type semiconductor layer is set to 50 nm
- the thickness of the p-type contact layer 5b is set to 15 nm.
- these film thicknesses are not particularly limited.
- the nitride semiconductor employed in the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5 is not particularly limited, and for example, AlGaInN or InAlN may be used for the p-type cladding layer 5a. Further, not only GaN and AlGaInN but also InGaN and InAlN may be used for the p-type contact layer 5b.
- the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5 only needs to have at least the p-type contact layer 5b.
- the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5 is, in order from the p-electrode 7 side, from the p-type contact layer 5b and the p-type contact layer 5b.
- a laminated structure having a p-type cladding layer 5a having a large band gap is preferable. With such a laminated structure, the contact resistance between the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5 and the p-electrode 7 can be reduced, and excellent electrical contact (good ohmic contact) can be obtained.
- this stacked structure can alleviate differences in the band gap and the lattice constant between the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5 and the light emitting layer 4.
- the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5 is not limited to the laminated structure described above, and a p-type semiconductor layer different from the p-type cladding layer 5a is provided between the p-type cladding layer 5a and the light emitting layer 4. Also good.
- the p-type cladding layer 5a is not limited to the two-layer structure, and may be a single-layer structure or a multilayer structure other than the two-layer structure.
- the n electrode 6 is in electrical contact with the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3, and the material, film thickness, laminated structure, etc. are not particularly limited as long as the contact resistance is small and ohmic contact is possible.
- the n-electrode 6 is formed of, for example, a laminated film of a Ti film having a thickness of 20 nm, an Al film having a thickness of 100 nm, a Ti film having a thickness of 20 nm, and an Au film having a thickness of 200 nm. That's fine.
- a first pad electrode may be provided on the n electrode 6 in order to improve the in-plane conductivity of the n electrode 6.
- the outer peripheral shape of the substrate 1 is rectangular, and at one of the four corners of the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3 formed on the entire surface on the one surface side of the substrate 1, The surface 3a of the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3 is exposed, and the planar view shape of the n-electrode 6 is rectangular.
- the p-electrode 7 is in electrical contact with the p-type contact layer 5 a of the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5. If the contact resistance is small and ohmic contact is possible, the material, film thickness, laminated structure, etc. It is not limited. Note that the p-electrode 7 may be formed of a laminated film of a Ni film having a thickness of 20 nm and an Al film having a thickness of 100 nm, for example. A second pad electrode may be provided on the p electrode 7 in order to improve the in-plane conductivity of the p electrode 7.
- the current flowing through the p-electrode 7 can be easily diffused uniformly in the plane of the p-electrode 7, and the in-plane uniformity of the current density in the p-electrode 7 can be enhanced, and light emission Efficiency can be improved.
- the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5 having the p-type contact layer 5b has a recess on the surface opposite to the light-emitting layer 4 so as to avoid the formation region of the p-electrode 7. 8 is formed, and the reflection film 9 that reflects the ultraviolet light emitted from the light emitting layer 4 is formed on the inner bottom surface 8a of the recess 8. Therefore, the p-type contact layer of the ultraviolet light emitted from the light emitting layer 4 is formed.
- the amount of light absorbed in 5b can be reduced, and the light extraction efficiency from one surface side of the ultraviolet semiconductor light emitting element in the thickness direction (here, the other surface side of the substrate 1) can be improved.
- the ultraviolet semiconductor light-emitting element has a p-electrode 7 in a mesh shape, and has a region corresponding to each of a plurality of rectangular openings (mesh portions) 7 b of the p-electrode 7 in the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5.
- a recess 8 having a smaller opening size than the opening 7b is formed. The recess 8 is opened in a rectangular shape.
- a rectangular reflective film 9 having a smaller planar size than the inner bottom surface 8a is formed on the inner bottom surface 8a of the recess 8.
- a plurality of concave portions 8 are formed, and the reflective film 9 is formed on the inner bottom surface 8a of each concave portion 8, so that the degree of freedom in designing the arrangement of the reflective film 9 for improving the light extraction efficiency is increased. Get higher.
- the ultraviolet semiconductor light emitting device shown in FIG. 1 has a square shape in plan view, and an n electrode 6 is disposed on one end side of one diagonal line, and an opening 7b in the p electrode 7 is formed on the other end side of the diagonal line. A rectangular portion 7a that is not provided is disposed. Therefore, in the ultraviolet semiconductor light emitting device of this embodiment, the in-plane uniformity of the current flowing through the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5 can be improved by such a shape of the p electrode 7 and the arrangement of the n electrode 6. Combined with the reflection effect of the ultraviolet light by the reflection film 9, the light extraction efficiency can be improved.
- the depth dimension of the recess 8 is set to be larger than the thickness dimension of the p-type contact layer 5b, and the inner bottom surface 8a of the recess 8 is constituted by the exposed surface of the p-type cladding 5a. It is.
- the recess 8 is formed using a photolithography technique and an etching technique (for example, a dry etching technique).
- the depth dimension of the recess 8 is a depth dimension at which the thickness of the p-type contact layer 5b is 10 nm (thickness of the p-type contact layer 5b ⁇ 10 nm). What is necessary is just to set in the range of the depth dimension (thickness dimension of the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5) which the surface exposes.
- the thickness of the p-type contact layer 5b immediately below the reflective film 9 is preferably 10 nm or less (including 0), and by setting the thickness to 10 ⁇ m or less, the p-type contact layer 5b absorbs ultraviolet light. It becomes possible to suppress, and the effect which improves light extraction efficiency becomes high.
- the emission wavelength of the light emitting layer 4 is 280 nm and the p-type contact layer 5b is composed of a p-type GaN layer having a thickness of 10 nm
- light incident on the p-type contact layer 5b from the p-type cladding layer 5a is p-type.
- the ultraviolet light of about 30% is absorbed only by the p-type contact layer 5b. Therefore, when the thickness of the p-type contact layer 5b immediately below the reflective film 9 exceeds 10 nm, the effect of improving the light extraction efficiency is reduced even if the reflectance of the reflective film 9 is increased.
- the p-type contact layer 5b immediately below the reflective film 9 is 10 nm or less, light absorption at a site immediately below the reflective film 9 in the p-type contact layer 5b can be suppressed. The effect of improving the extraction efficiency is increased.
- the p-type contact layer 5b is preferably thicker. Therefore, as the allowable limits of both light absorption and electrical contact, the thickness of the p-type contact layer 5b immediately below the reflective film 9 The upper limit was 10 nm.
- the p-type contact layer 5b may not be present immediately below the reflective film 9, but the p-type contact layer may be provided if the thickness of the portion of the p-type contact layer 5b immediately below the reflective film 9 is 10 nm or less. It is possible to obtain a reflection effect by the reflection film 9 while suppressing an increase in contact resistance due to a reduction in the area of 5b.
- the reflective film 9 preferably has a reflectance of 60% or more with respect to the ultraviolet light emitted from the light emitting layer 4, and can increase the effect of improving the light extraction efficiency as compared with a case where the reflectance is smaller than 60%. It becomes. In other words, when the reflectance is less than 60%, the effect of improving the light extraction efficiency is reduced.
- the material of the reflective film 9 is preferably selected from the group of Al, Rh, Si, Mo, or alloys thereof.
- the reflectivity of the reflective film 9 with respect to the ultraviolet light emitted from the light emitting layer 4 can be made higher than 60%. Transmission can be suppressed.
- Al is 92.5%
- Si is 72.2%
- Rh is 67.9%
- Mo is 66.7%.
- the substrate 1 made of a sapphire substrate is introduced into the reaction furnace of the MOVPE apparatus. Subsequently, the substrate temperature is raised to a predetermined temperature (for example, 1250 ° C.) while maintaining the pressure in the reactor at a predetermined growth pressure (for example, 10 kPa ⁇ 76 Torr), and then heated for a predetermined time (for example, 10 minutes). To clean the one surface of the substrate 1. Thereafter, the flow rate of trimethylaluminum (TMAl), which is a raw material of aluminum, is maintained at 0.05 L / min (50 SCCM) in a standard state while the substrate temperature is maintained at the same growth temperature (here, 1250 ° C.) as the predetermined temperature.
- TMAl trimethylaluminum
- NH 3 ammonia
- 0.05 L / min 50 SCCM
- TMAl and NH 3 are simultaneously fed into the reactor.
- a buffer layer 2 made of a single crystal AlN layer is grown.
- the buffer layer 2 is not limited to a single crystal AlN layer but may be a single crystal AlGaN layer.
- the growth temperature is 1200 ° C.
- the growth pressure is the predetermined growth pressure (here, 10 kPa)
- TMAl is used as the aluminum source
- trimethylgallium (TMGa) is used as the gallium source.
- NH 3 is used as a raw material of nitrogen
- TESi tetraethylsilane
- H 2 gas is used as a carrier gas for transporting each raw material.
- the flow rate of TESi is set to 0.0009 L / min (0.9 SCCM) in a standard state.
- Each raw material is not particularly limited.
- triethylgallium may be used as a gallium raw material
- a hydrazine derivative may be used as a nitrogen raw material
- monosilane SiH 4
- the growth conditions of the light emitting layer 4 are as follows: the growth temperature is 1200 ° C., which is the same as that of the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3, the growth pressure is the predetermined growth pressure (here, 10 kPa), the aluminum source is TMAl, and the gallium source TMGa and NH 3 are used as a raw material for nitrogen.
- the growth conditions of the barrier layer of the light emitting layer 4 are set to be the same as the growth conditions of the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3 except that TESi is not supplied.
- the molar ratio of TMAl ([TMAl] / ⁇ [TMAl] + [TMGa] ⁇ ) in the group III material is set so as to obtain a desired composition. It is set smaller than the growth conditions.
- the barrier layer is not doped with impurities.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and n-type impurities such as silicon may be doped with an impurity concentration that does not deteriorate the crystal quality of the barrier layer.
- the growth temperature is 1050 ° C. and the growth pressure is the predetermined growth pressure.
- TMAl as the aluminum source
- TMGa as the gallium source
- NH 3 as the nitrogen source
- Cp 2 biscyclopentadienyl magnesium
- Mg H 2 gas is used as a carrier gas for transporting each raw material.
- the growth condition of the p-type contact layer 5b in the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 3 is basically the same as the growth condition of the second p-type semiconductor layer, and the supply of TMAl is stopped.
- the flow rate of Cp 2 Mg is 0.02 L / min (20 SCCM) in a standard state.
- the molar ratio (flow rate ratio) of the group III material is appropriately changed according to the composition of each of the first p-type semiconductor layer, the second p-type semiconductor layer, and the p-type contact layer 5b.
- the buffer layer 2, the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3, the light-emitting layer 4, and the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5 are sequentially grown on the one surface side of the substrate 1 under the above-described growth conditions. Then, the substrate 1 having the laminated structure of the buffer layer 2, the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3, the light emitting layer 4, and the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5 is taken out from the reactor of the MOVPE apparatus.
- n electrode 6, a p electrode 7, a recess 8, a reflective film 9 and the like are formed.
- the laminated film of the buffer layer 2, the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3, the light emitting layer 4, and the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5 corresponds to the upper surface of the mesa structure.
- a resist layer (hereinafter referred to as a first resist layer) is formed on the region.
- the mesa structure is formed by etching from the surface side of the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5 to the middle of the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3 by reactive ion etching.
- the area and shape of the mesa structure are not particularly limited.
- the first resist layer was removed, and a portion corresponding to the region where the recess 8 is to be formed in the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5 was opened by using a photolithography technique.
- a resist layer (hereinafter referred to as a second resist layer) is formed.
- the concave portion 8 is formed by etching from the surface side of the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5 to a predetermined depth by reactive ion etching.
- the second resist layer is removed, and then the natural oxide films on the surfaces of the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3 and the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5 are wet-etched using BHF (buffered hydrofluoric acid). Remove.
- BHF buffered hydrofluoric acid
- the chemical solution for removing the natural oxide film is not particularly limited to BHF, and other chemical solutions (acids) that can remove the natural oxide film may be used.
- the n electrode 6 is a laminated film of a Ti film having a thickness of 20 nm, an Al film having a thickness of 100 nm, a Ti film having a thickness of 20 nm, and an Au film having a thickness of 200 nm.
- the annealing temperature may be 900 ° C. and the annealing time may be 1 minute.
- the p-electrode 7 is a laminated film of a Ni film with a thickness of 20 nm and an Al film with a thickness of 100 nm.
- the RTA treatment conditions are, for example, an annealing temperature of 500 ° C. and an annealing time of 10 minutes. That's fine.
- the reflective film 9 is formed on the one surface side of the substrate 1 (that is, a part of the inner bottom surface 8a of the recess 8 of the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5) is exposed using photolithography technology.
- a fifth resist layer patterned so as to be formed is formed.
- the reflective film 9 is formed by electron beam evaporation, and the fifth resist layer and the unnecessary film on the fifth resist layer are removed by lift-off, whereby the ultraviolet semiconductor light emitting device having the configuration shown in FIG. An element is obtained.
- the reflective film 9 was an Al film having a thickness of 100 nm. Further, after the reflective film 9 is formed, in order to improve the adhesion between the reflective film 9 and the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5, heat treatment may be performed under conditions that do not deteriorate the reflective characteristics of the reflective film 9. Good.
- the method for manufacturing the ultraviolet semiconductor light emitting element using the MOVPE method is exemplified.
- the crystal growth method is not limited to the MOVPE method.
- the halide vapor phase growth method HVPE
- Method molecular beam epitaxy
- the order of the step of forming the mesa structure and the step of forming the recess 8 may be reversed.
- the order of the step of forming the n-electrode 6, the step of forming the p-electrode 7, and the step of forming the reflective film 9 may be appropriately changed depending on the temperature of the heat treatment in each step.
- the step of forming the n electrode 6 and the step of forming the p electrode 7 may be performed simultaneously.
- the arrangement and shape of the recess 8, the n electrode 6, and the p electrode 7 are not particularly limited, and may be appropriately designed according to the convenience of the current path and the light extraction surface.
- the ultraviolet semiconductor light emitting device using the nitride semiconductor (group III nitride semiconductor) as described above since the effective mass of holes in the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5 is large, the p in the light emitting layer 4 is almost the same. Light is emitted only in the projection area of the electrode 7. Therefore, it is necessary to design the layout so that the area of the p electrode 7 is increased, the current path between the p electrode 7 and the n electrode 6 is shortened, and the light extraction efficiency is further increased.
- the ultraviolet semiconductor light emitting device has the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3, the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5, the light emitting layer 4, the n electrode 6, and the p electrode 7.
- the light emitting layer 4 is disposed between the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3 and the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5.
- N electrode 6 is in contact with n type nitride semiconductor layer 3.
- the p electrode 7 is in contact with the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5.
- the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5 has a surface located on the side opposite to the light emitting layer 4 when viewed from the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5.
- the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5 has a recess 8 formed on the surface thereof.
- the recess 8 is formed avoiding the formation region of the p-electrode 7. More specifically, the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5 has a region where the p-electrode 7 is formed. The recess 8 is formed so as to avoid the formation region of the p-electrode 7.
- the recess 8 is located in a different area from the p-electrode 7. Furthermore, in other words, the ultraviolet semiconductor light emitting element has a thickness direction.
- the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3, the light emitting layer 4, and the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5 are arranged along the thickness direction of the ultraviolet semiconductor light emitting element.
- the concave portion 8 does not overlap with the p electrode 7 in the thickness direction of the ultraviolet semiconductor light emitting element.
- the recess 8 is displaced from the p-electrode 7 in the direction intersecting the thickness direction of the ultraviolet semiconductor light emitting element.
- a reflective film 9 that reflects the ultraviolet light emitted from the light emitting layer 4 is formed on the inner bottom surface of the recess 8.
- the light extraction efficiency from one surface side in the thickness direction of the ultraviolet semiconductor light emitting device can be improved.
- the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3 has a first surface facing the light emitting layer 4.
- N electrode 6 is in contact with n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3 so as to be located in a part of n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3.
- the p electrode 7 has a first surface facing the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5.
- the first surface of the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5 is located on the side opposite to the light emitting layer 4 when viewed from the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5.
- the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5 has a recess 8 formed on the first surface thereof.
- the light extraction efficiency from one surface side in the thickness direction of the ultraviolet semiconductor light emitting device can be improved.
- the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5 is formed with a plurality of recesses 8.
- the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5 has a p-type contact layer 5b.
- the p-type contact layer 5 b has a smaller band gap than the light emitting layer 4.
- the p-type contact layer 5b is configured to make ohmic contact with the p-electrode 7.
- the contact resistance between the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5 and the p-electrode 7 can be reduced, and excellent electrical contact can be obtained.
- the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5 includes, in order from the p-electrode 7 side, a p-type contact layer 5b and a p-type cladding layer 5a having a larger band gap than the p-type contact layer 5b.
- the contact resistance between the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5 and the p-electrode 7 can be reduced, and excellent electrical contact can be obtained.
- n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3 is in contact with the n electrode 6 means that the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3 is in electrical contact with the n electrode 6.
- p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5 is in contact with the p-type electrode means that the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5 is in electrical contact with the p-electrode 7.
- the n-electrode 6 is in direct contact with the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3.
- the p electrode 7 is in direct contact with the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5.
- the n electrode 6 only needs to be electrically connected to the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3.
- the p electrode 7 only needs to be electrically connected to the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5.
- Embodiment 2 The basic configuration of the ultraviolet semiconductor light emitting device of the present embodiment is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment, and the mesa structure is provided in the first embodiment, whereas the substrate 1 described in the first embodiment as shown in FIG. There is no difference (see FIG. 1), and an n electrode 6 is formed on the surface of the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3 opposite to the light emitting layer 4 side. That is, the ultraviolet semiconductor light emitting device of this embodiment has a so-called vertical injection structure.
- symbol is attached
- the n electrode 6 also has a mesh shape, and most of the n electrode 6 and the p electrode 7 are opposed (overlapped) in the thickness direction of the light emitting layer 4. Therefore, the n electrode 6 is formed with a plurality of openings 6 b that correspond one-to-one with the plurality of openings 7 b of the p electrode 7.
- the ultraviolet semiconductor light emitting device of this embodiment a rectangular portion 6a in which the opening 6b is not provided in the n electrode 6 is disposed on one end side of the diagonal line described in the first embodiment. Therefore, in the ultraviolet semiconductor light emitting device of this embodiment, the in-plane uniformity of the current flowing in the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5 can be improved by such a shape and arrangement of the p electrode 7 and the n electrode 6. Combined with the reflection effect of the ultraviolet light by the reflection film 9, the light extraction efficiency can be improved.
- the n-electrode 6 is formed on the entire surface of the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3 opposite to the light-emitting layer 4 side as long as the electrode is transparent to the ultraviolet light emitted from the light-emitting layer 4. May be.
- a buffer is formed on the one surface side of the substrate 1 (see FIG. 1) by a crystal growth method such as the MOVPE method.
- the layer 2, the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3, the light emitting layer 4, and the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5 are sequentially formed.
- a p-electrode 7, a concave portion 8, a reflective film 9 and the like are formed.
- the substrate 1 is peeled off by a laser lift-off method or the like.
- the surface of the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3 opposite to the light emitting layer 4 side is exposed by removing the buffer layer 2 and the like by a dry etching technique.
- the n electrode 6 is formed.
- the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3, the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5, the light emitting layer 4, the p electrode 7, and the n electrode 6 are provided.
- the light emitting layer 4 is disposed between the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3 and the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5.
- N electrode 6 is in contact with n type nitride semiconductor layer 3.
- the p electrode 7 is in contact with the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5.
- a recess 8 is formed on the surface of the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5 having the p-type contact layer 5b opposite to the light emitting layer 4 so as to avoid the formation region of the p-electrode 7, and the inner bottom surface 8a of the recess 8 is formed.
- the reflective film 9 that reflects the ultraviolet light emitted from the light emitting layer 4 is formed, the amount of light absorbed in the p-type contact layer 5b out of the ultraviolet light emitted from the light emitting layer 4 can be reduced.
- the light extraction efficiency from one surface side of the ultraviolet semiconductor light emitting element in the thickness direction here, the surface side opposite to the light emitting layer 4 side in the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3 can be improved.
- the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3 has a second surface on the side opposite to the light emitting layer 4 when viewed from the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3.
- An n electrode 6 is provided on the second surface of the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3.
- the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5 has a first surface on the side opposite to the light emitting layer 4 when viewed from the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5.
- a p-electrode 7 is provided on the first surface of the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5.
- the resistance of the entire ultraviolet semiconductor light emitting device is reduced, and the area of the light emitting layer 4 can be increased, so that the light extraction efficiency can be improved.
- a conductive single crystal substrate for example, an n-type silicon carbide substrate
- the n-electrode 6 may be formed on the other surface side of the substrate 1 without removing the substrate 1.
- the ultraviolet semiconductor light emitting device of this embodiment has the same configuration as that of the first embodiment. Therefore, it can be combined with the technical features disclosed in the first embodiment.
- Embodiment 3 The basic configuration of the ultraviolet semiconductor light emitting device of this embodiment is substantially the same as that of Embodiment 1, and is different in that the reflection film 9 extends to the p-electrode 7 as shown in FIG.
- symbol is attached
- the p-type electrode 7 is formed in a stripe shape, and a plurality of recesses 8 are formed in a stripe shape with respect to the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5, so that all the p-electrodes 7 are reflected. The difference is that they are electrically connected by the film 9.
- the reflective film 9 in the ultraviolet semiconductor light emitting device of this embodiment is formed with the concave portion 8 and the reflective film 9 on the inner bottom surface 8a and the inner side surface of the concave portion 8 in the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5 and on the surface of the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 5. It is formed so as to cover a region that is not formed and the surface of the p-electrode 7.
- all the p electrodes 7 can be electrically connected by the reflective film 9 and function as a protective layer for protecting each p electrode 7 on the reflective film 9. Can be given.
- the recess 8 since the recess 8 has a tapered shape in which the opening area gradually increases as the distance from the inner bottom surface 8a increases, disconnection of the reflective film 9 can be suppressed.
- positioning of the recessed part 8 may be the same as that of Embodiment 1.
- the manufacturing method of the ultraviolet semiconductor light emitting device of the present embodiment is basically the same as that of the first embodiment, and only the resist layer pattern when forming the p electrode 7 is different.
- the resist layer has a pattern that covers only the surface 3 a of the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3 and the n-electrode 6.
- the reflective film 9 may be extended to the p electrode 7 as in the present embodiment.
- the component and the reflective film 9 may be formed at the same time.
- a reflective film that reflects ultraviolet light may be provided on the surface of the surface 3 a of the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3 where the n electrode 6 is not formed and on the n electrode 6.
- the ultraviolet semiconductor light emitting device of this embodiment has the same configuration as that of the first embodiment. Therefore, it can be combined with the technical features disclosed in the first embodiment.
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Abstract
Description
以下、本実施形態の紫外半導体発光素子について図1を参照しながら説明する。
本実施形態の紫外半導体発光素子の基本構成は実施形態1と略同じであり、実施形態1ではメサ構造を設けていたのに対し、図2に示すように、実施形態1において説明した基板1(図1参照)がなく、n形窒化物半導体層3における発光層4側とは反対側の表面に、n電極6を形成してある点などが相違する。すなわち、本実施形態の紫外半導体発光素子は、いわゆる縦型注入構造となっている。なお、実施形態1と同様の構成要素には同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。
本実施形態の紫外半導体発光素子の基本構成は実施形態1と略同じであり、図3に示すように、反射膜9がp電極7上にまで延設されている点などが相違する。なお、実施形態1と同様の構成要素には同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。
3 n形窒化物半導体層
4 発光層
5 p形窒化物半導体層
5a p形クラッド層
5b p形コンタクト層
6 n電極
7 p電極
8 凹部
8a 内底面
9 反射膜
Claims (6)
- n形窒化物半導体層とp形窒化物半導体層との間に発光層を有するとともに、前記n形窒化物半導体層に接触するn電極と、前記p形窒化物半導体層に接触するp電極とを備えた紫外半導体発光素子であって、前記p形窒化物半導体層における前記発光層とは反対側の表面に、前記p電極の形成領域を避けて凹部が形成され、前記凹部の内底面に、前記発光層から放射される紫外光を反射する反射膜が形成されてなることを特徴とする紫外半導体発光素子。
- 前記p形窒化物半導体層は、前記凹部が複数形成されてなることを特徴とする請求項1記載の紫外半導体発光素子。
- 前記p形窒化物半導体層が、前記発光層よりもバンドギャップが小さく前記p電極との接触がオーミック接触となるp形コンタクト層を少なくとも備えることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の紫外半導体発光素子。
- 前記p形窒化物半導体層は、前記p電極側から順に、前記p形コンタクト層、前記p形コンタクト層よりもバンドギャップが大きなp形クラッド層、を有することを特徴とする請求項3記載の紫外半導体発光素子。
- 前記反射膜は、前記p電極上まで延設されてなることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の紫外半導体発光素子。
- 前記p形窒化物半導体層5は、前記発光層4と対向する面を有しており、
前記p形窒化物半導体層5における前記発光層4と対向する面から前記凹部8の内底面までの距離は、10nm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の紫外半導体発光素子。
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US13/704,679 US9070847B2 (en) | 2010-06-21 | 2011-06-17 | Ultraviolet semiconductor light-emitting element that emits ultraviolet light from one surface side |
EP11798064.9A EP2584616A4 (en) | 2010-06-21 | 2011-06-17 | ULTRAVIOLETT LIGHT-EMITTING SEMICONDUCTOR ELEMENT |
KR1020127031106A KR20130009858A (ko) | 2010-06-21 | 2011-06-17 | 자외 반도체 발광 소자 |
CN201180029764.8A CN102947955B (zh) | 2010-06-21 | 2011-06-17 | 紫外半导体发光元件 |
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- 2011-06-17 CN CN201180029764.8A patent/CN102947955B/zh active Active
- 2011-06-17 WO PCT/JP2011/063931 patent/WO2011162180A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2011-06-17 US US13/704,679 patent/US9070847B2/en active Active
- 2011-06-17 KR KR1020127031106A patent/KR20130009858A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-06-20 TW TW100121438A patent/TWI455359B/zh active
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20140327034A1 (en) * | 2011-11-14 | 2014-11-06 | Dowa Electronics Materials Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor light emitting device and method of manufacturing the same |
WO2014041719A1 (ja) * | 2012-09-14 | 2014-03-20 | パナソニック株式会社 | 半導体紫外発光素子 |
JP2014057033A (ja) * | 2012-09-14 | 2014-03-27 | Panasonic Corp | 半導体紫外発光素子 |
CN110993763A (zh) * | 2016-07-15 | 2020-04-10 | 首尔伟傲世有限公司 | 紫外线发光二极管 |
CN110993763B (zh) * | 2016-07-15 | 2023-08-29 | 首尔伟傲世有限公司 | 紫外线发光二极管 |
JP7469150B2 (ja) | 2020-06-18 | 2024-04-16 | 豊田合成株式会社 | 発光素子 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2584616A1 (en) | 2013-04-24 |
US20130082297A1 (en) | 2013-04-04 |
KR20130009858A (ko) | 2013-01-23 |
TW201216510A (en) | 2012-04-16 |
CN102947955B (zh) | 2016-10-19 |
CN102947955A (zh) | 2013-02-27 |
TWI455359B (zh) | 2014-10-01 |
US9070847B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 |
EP2584616A4 (en) | 2015-11-18 |
JP2012004501A (ja) | 2012-01-05 |
JP5849215B2 (ja) | 2016-01-27 |
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