WO2011149070A1 - ハイブリッドホイールローダ - Google Patents
ハイブリッドホイールローダ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011149070A1 WO2011149070A1 PCT/JP2011/062257 JP2011062257W WO2011149070A1 WO 2011149070 A1 WO2011149070 A1 WO 2011149070A1 JP 2011062257 W JP2011062257 W JP 2011062257W WO 2011149070 A1 WO2011149070 A1 WO 2011149070A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- wheel loader
- hybrid wheel
- generator
- motor
- pressure
- Prior art date
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/24—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means
- B60W10/26—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/2058—Electric or electro-mechanical or mechanical control devices of vehicle sub-units
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
- B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
- B60K17/356—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having fluid or electric motor, for driving one or more wheels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/48—Parallel type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/48—Parallel type
- B60K6/485—Motor-assist type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
- B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/40—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
- B60L7/10—Dynamic electric regenerative braking
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
- B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/28—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/28—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
- E02F3/34—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets with bucket-arms, i.e. a pair of arms, e.g. manufacturing processes, form, geometry, material of bucket-arms directly pivoted on the frames of tractors or self-propelled machines
- E02F3/3405—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets with bucket-arms, i.e. a pair of arms, e.g. manufacturing processes, form, geometry, material of bucket-arms directly pivoted on the frames of tractors or self-propelled machines and comprising an additional linkage mechanism
- E02F3/3411—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets with bucket-arms, i.e. a pair of arms, e.g. manufacturing processes, form, geometry, material of bucket-arms directly pivoted on the frames of tractors or self-propelled machines and comprising an additional linkage mechanism of the Z-type
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/2058—Electric or electro-mechanical or mechanical control devices of vehicle sub-units
- E02F9/2062—Control of propulsion units
- E02F9/2075—Control of propulsion units of the hybrid type
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/2058—Electric or electro-mechanical or mechanical control devices of vehicle sub-units
- E02F9/2091—Control of energy storage means for electrical energy, e.g. battery or capacitors
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
- E02F9/2253—Controlling the travelling speed of vehicles, e.g. adjusting travelling speed according to implement loads, control of hydrostatic transmission
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/48—Parallel type
- B60K2006/4816—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox internal shaft
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
- B60L2200/40—Working vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2300/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of vehicle
- B60W2300/17—Construction vehicles, e.g. graders, excavators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2300/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of vehicle
- B60W2300/50—Tilting frame vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
- Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
- Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a hybrid wheel loader.
- a hybrid wheel loader using an engine and a motor as power sources is known.
- the hybrid wheel loader may require a larger driving force than when traveling in excavation or loading work using a bucket. Therefore, an electric motor having a function as a generator is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- the electric energy generated by the generator is charged to the capacitor (power storage device) when the accelerator is off, and the motor is driven as a motor by the power storage device charged during excavation or loading work to assist the engine. is doing.
- a gear train is provided between the engine and the torque converter (torque converter), and the electric motor (electric motor / generator) also serving as the above-described generator is connected to the output shaft of the gear train. It is mounted coaxially.
- a hybrid wheel loader is attached to an engine having an output shaft, an electric / generator having a rotating shaft directly attached to the output shaft of the engine, and an rotating shaft of the electric / generator.
- a transmission having an input shaft and an output shaft, a propeller shaft provided on the output side of the transmission and driven by the output shaft of the transmission, a power storage device, and electric / generator electric energy is collected and stored
- a control device for storing power in the device.
- the hybrid wheel loader of the first aspect includes a traveling motor disposed on the output shaft of the propeller shaft.
- the traveling motor is disposed in the front frame.
- the control device drives the traveling motor with electric power from the power storage device when the traction force by the engine is insufficient.
- the control device drives the traveling motor with electric power from the power storage device at the start of traveling.
- the hybrid wheel loader according to the fourth or fifth aspect further includes a bucket that rotates in the vertical direction, and a height detector that detects the height of the bucket.
- the apparatus When the apparatus determines that the height of the bucket detected by the height detector is smaller than a predetermined height, the apparatus preferably drives the traveling motor with electric power from the power storage device.
- the control device further includes a cylinder that rotates the bucket in the vertical direction, and a pressure detector that detects the pressure of the cylinder. When it is determined that the cylinder pressure detected by the pressure detector is greater than the first pressure, it is preferable to drive the traveling motor with electric power from the power storage device.
- the control device is configured such that the cylinder pressure detected by the pressure detector is equal to or higher than the second pressure larger than the first pressure.
- the control device preferably stops driving the traveling motor.
- the controller controls the electric / power generation when the charge amount of the power storage device is smaller than a predetermined amount during deceleration. It is preferable to store the electric energy of the motor and the traveling motor in the power storage device.
- the motor / generator attached to the output shaft of the engine can be removed and a flyhole and a torque converter can be attached. It is preferable to be configured.
- the electric / generator is directly attached to the output shaft of the engine, it is possible to improve the regeneration ability of the electric energy accumulated in the electric / generator.
- FIG. 1 is an external perspective view of a hybrid wheel loader as one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a top view of the hybrid wheel loader illustrated in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 2 is a side view of the hybrid wheel loader illustrated in FIG. 1.
- the expanded sectional view which shows the detail of the area
- the figure which shows the state which replaced the electric motor / generator illustrated in FIG. 4 with apparatuses, such as a torque converter.
- Sectional drawing of the general structure of a corresponding location which shows the structure of the area
- FIG. 1 is an external perspective view of the hybrid wheel loader
- FIG. 2 is a top view of the hybrid wheel loader illustrated in FIG. 1
- FIG. 3 is a side view of the hybrid wheel loader illustrated in FIG.
- the working device illustrated in FIG. 1 is not illustrated.
- the hybrid wheel loader 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 is an articulated working machine in which a front vehicle body 2 and a rear vehicle body 7 are connected to each other by a coupling frame 181 so as to be bent as described below.
- the front vehicle body 2 is disposed on the front side of the hybrid wheel loader 1, and includes a front frame 3 formed in a substantially box shape, a front axle 4 provided on the lower side of the front frame 3, and the front axle 4
- the front wheel 5 provided at both the left and right ends of the front and the work device 6 attached to the front side of the front frame 3 so as to be able to move up and down.
- the front axle 4 is accommodated in the left and right axle pipes 4A and rotatably supported, and the axle pipe 4A is fixed to the lower surface of the front frame 3. Thereby, the front axle 4 is attached to the front frame 3 in a state in which the roll movement around the roll axis O is impossible. Further, there are no various buffer suspensions between the front axle 4 and the front frame 3, and a large load applied to the work device 6 is received by the front frame 3, the front axle 4, the front wheels 5, and the like. It has a configuration to accept.
- the working device 6 is attached to a bracket portion 3A provided on the upper end side of the left and right sides of the front frame 3 so as to be able to move up and down, and is attached to the tip portion of the arm 6A so as to be rotatable.
- Bucket 6B The arm 6A is rotated by an arm cylinder 6C, and the bucket 6B is rotated by a bucket cylinder 6D.
- the working device 6 moves the bucket 6B up and down by a pivoting operation using the arm cylinder 6C and the bucket cylinder 6D, and performs the work of transporting earth and sand, the loading work on the dump truck, and the like by the bucket 6B.
- a rotation angle detector 84 for detecting the rotation angle of the arm 6A is provided at the rotation fulcrum portion of the arm 6A, and the rotation fulcrum portion of the bucket 6B is a rotation angle detector for detecting the rotation angle of the bucket 6B. 85 is provided, and the height of the bucket 6B can be obtained by calculation.
- the rear vehicle body 7 is connected to the rear of the front vehicle body 2 in a state in which the rear vehicle body 7 can be bent leftward and rightward.
- the rear vehicle body 7 includes a rear frame 9 that houses a drive source 8, a rear axle 10 provided on the lower side of the rear frame 9, a rear wheel 11 provided on both left and right ends of the rear axle 10, And a cab 12 provided on the rear frame 9.
- the rear frame 9 includes an accommodation frame portion 9A (see FIG. 2) in which a drive source 8 such as an engine, a hydraulic pump, and a hydraulic motor is accommodated, and a coupling portion 9B provided on the front side of the accommodation frame portion 9A. ing.
- a pair of support brackets 13 extending along the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body are provided below the housing frame 9A.
- the pair of support brackets 13 are spaced apart from each other at an intermediate portion in the longitudinal direction of the rear frame 9.
- the central axis in the width direction of the vehicle body is a roll axis O that is inserted through the entire length of the front frame 3 and the rear frame 9.
- Each support bracket 13 is provided with an insertion hole (not shown) penetrating along the roll axis O.
- a support portion 14 (see FIG. 3) of the rear axle 10 is disposed between the pair of support brackets 13 described above.
- the support portion 14 has an axle tube 10A housing the rear axle 10 fixed on both the left and right sides thereof, and a support shaft 14A extending along the roll axis O is provided on both the front and rear sides so as to protrude.
- the support shaft 14 ⁇ / b> A of the support portion 14 is inserted into an insertion hole (not shown) of the support bracket 13.
- the rear axle 10 is pivotally supported around the roll axis O with respect to the rear frame 9.
- the rear axle 10 is connected to the drive source 8 through the propeller shaft 15 together with the front axle 4.
- the driving force from the driving source 8 is transmitted to the front wheels 5 and the rear wheels 11 through the propeller shaft 15 to enable four-wheel drive.
- the coupling portion 9B is provided with a cylindrical coupling cylinder portion 16 extending along the roll axis O.
- a coupling shaft 20 and a bearing that supports the coupling shaft 20 (Not shown) is provided.
- a driver's cab 12 in which an operator gets in is disposed on the coupling portion 9B.
- the coupling frame 181 is provided between the front frame 3 and the rear frame 9.
- the coupling frame 181 is located at the center in the left and right directions, and is provided with connecting pins (not shown) extending in the vertical direction (bending axis Z direction in FIG. 3) on the upper and lower ends.
- a cylindrical coupling shaft 20 extending along the rear frame 9 is provided.
- a propeller shaft 15 that connects the front axle 4 and the drive source 8 is inserted into the coupling shaft 20.
- the coupling frame 181 is coupled to the front frame 3 via a coupling pin while being sandwiched between the upper plate 3B and the lower plate 3C (see FIG. 3) of the front frame 3, and the coupling shaft 20 is coupled to the coupling portion 9B. It is connected to the rear frame 9 by being inserted into the cylindrical portion 16. As a result, the connecting frame 181 connects the front frame 3 and the rear frame 9 so as to be bent in the left and right directions in FIG. 2 with the bending axis Z (the central axis of the connecting pin) as the center. Further, the coupling shaft 20 of the coupling frame 181 is pivotally supported around a roll axis O by a bearing (not shown). In this way, the connecting frame 181 connects the front frame 3 and the rear frame 9 so as to be capable of relative roll movement.
- a coupling bracket 21 is provided on the front side of the coupling frame 181, and one end side of a steering cylinder 22 is attached to the coupling bracket 21.
- the other end side of the steering cylinder 22 is attached to the lower plate 3 ⁇ / b> C of the front frame 3.
- the steering cylinder 22 expands and contracts when pressure oil is supplied and discharged from a hydraulic pump (not shown) of the driving source 8 and bends the front frame 3 left and right with respect to the rear frame 9. ing.
- the hybrid wheel loader 1 of this embodiment travels by driving a hydraulic motor (not shown) of the drive source 8 connected to the front axle 4 and the rear axle 10 via the drive shaft 15. Thereby, the front wheel 5 and the rear wheel 11 are rotationally driven via the front axle 4 and the rear axle 10, and the wheel loader 1 moves forward and backward. Further, by extending and reducing the steering cylinder 22 using a hydraulic pump (not shown) of the drive source 8, the front frame 3 and the rear frame 9 are bent left and right around the bending axis Z, The hybrid wheel loader 1 can be advanced in the left and right directions.
- the arm cylinder 6C and the bucket cylinder 6D are expanded and contracted using a hydraulic pump (not shown) of the drive source 8, and the bucket 6B is moved up and down.
- the wheel loader 1 is moved forward and backward to perform excavation work and the like.
- work of the hybrid wheel loader 1 it assists with an electric motor as needed.
- the hydraulic cylinder 23 is a roll vibration limiting actuator provided between the rear frame 9 and the rear axle 10.
- the hydraulic cylinders 23 are positioned in the vicinity of the left and right rear wheels 11, respectively, and are arranged in a state of extending upward and downward.
- the hydraulic cylinder 23 is attached to the rear frame 9 on the bottom side of the tube, and attached to the axle tube 10 ⁇ / b> A that houses the rear axle 10 on the tip side of the rod.
- the hydraulic cylinder 23 is connected to a hydraulic pump (not shown) in the drive source 8.
- the left and right hydraulic cylinders 23 apply a thrust F 0 around the roll axis O between the rear frame 9 and the rear axle 10 according to the pressure difference between the bottom side and the rod side.
- the hydraulic cylinder 23 is configured to limit the roll vibration of the rear frame 9 (vibration around the roll axis O).
- the front frame 3 and the rear frame 9 are connected around the roll axis O so as to be capable of relative roll movement by the connecting portion 9B and the connecting frame 181. For this reason, even when the front frame 3 vibrates around the roll axis O due to excavation work or the like by the work device 6, the rear frame 9 can be moved relative to the front frame 3 by using the coupling frame 181 or the like. it can. For this reason, it is possible to prevent vibration from being transmitted from the front frame 3 to the rear frame 9. Further, a thrust F around the roll axis O is applied between the rear frame 9 and the rear axle 10 by using a hydraulic cylinder 23 provided between the rear frame 9 and the rear axle 10 to cause roll vibration of the rear frame 9. Restrict. As a result, the riding comfort of the cab 12 provided in the rear frame 9 can be improved.
- a traveling motor (traveling motor) 25 is mounted on the propeller shaft 15 in the front frame 3 (FIGS. 2 and 3).
- the rotating shaft of the traveling motor 25 is coaxial with the rotating shaft of the propeller shaft 15.
- the traveling motor 25 operates by power supply from the power storage device to assist the engine when the traction force of the engine is insufficient.
- the drive source 8 includes an engine 50, and an electric / generator 30 is disposed on the output side of the engine 50.
- the electric / generator 30 is an electric motor having a power generation function, and a transmission 40 is disposed on the output side of the electric / generator 30.
- the transmission 40 has an input shaft directly connected to a drive shaft of the engine 50 and an output shaft integrally formed with the propeller shaft 15.
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing details of a region A surrounded by a two-dot chain line in FIG. 2, that is, a structure between the engine 50 and the transmission 40.
- the drive shaft 51 of the engine 50 has a plurality of mounting holes 51a on the end surface.
- the motor / generator 30 is disposed on the side of the engine 50.
- the motor / generator 30 includes a rotating shaft 31, a rotor 32 provided on the rotating shaft 31, and a stator 33 disposed on the outer periphery of the rotor 32.
- the rotating shaft 31 of the motor / generator 30 has a bottomed and headless hollow cylindrical shape having a bottom 31a on the side facing the end surface of the drive shaft 51 of the engine 50 and an end surface 31b on the opposite side.
- a through hole 31 c is formed at a position corresponding to each mounting hole 51 a provided on the end surface of the drive shaft 51 in the bottom 31 a of the rotating shaft 31 of the electric / generator 30.
- the rotary shaft 31 is directly connected to the drive shaft 51 of the engine 50 by a fastening member 61 such as a bolt inserted through the through hole 31c and fastened to the mounting hole 51a.
- the rotor 32 is provided on the outer periphery of the rotating shaft 31.
- One end surface 32 a on the engine 50 side of the rotor 32 is substantially flush with the outer surface of the bottom 31 a of the rotating shaft 31.
- the other end surface 32 b of the rotor 32 is located at an intermediate portion in the length direction of the rotating shaft 31.
- a side bearing 34 is provided between the other end surface 32 b of the rotor 32 and the other end surface 31 b of the rotating shaft 31 on the outer periphery of the rotating shaft 31.
- the axis of the rotating shaft 31 of the electric / generator 30 is the same axis as the axis of the driving shaft 51 of the engine 50 and rotates on the axis of the driving shaft 51 as the driving shaft 51 of the engine 50 rotates.
- the side bearing 34 is provided between the side surface of the rotor 32 and the stator 33 and the transmission 40, and supports the rotor 32 and the stator 33 from the side surface when the rotating shaft 31 rotates.
- flywheel case 62 is a flywheel case and 63 is a torque converter case.
- a part of the side edge of the flywheel case 62 and the torque converter case 63 is superposed and coupled by a fastening member 64 such as a bolt.
- a flywheel case 62 and a torque converter case 63 are coupled to the stator 33.
- the stator 33 is accommodated and attached in the flywheel case 62 and the torque converter case 63.
- a transmission 40 is disposed on the opposite side of the electric / generator 30 from the engine 50 side.
- the transmission 40 includes a transmission bearing 41, a pump gear 42, a transmission rotating shaft 43, and a multi-stage gear train and an output shaft (not shown).
- the transmission bearing 41 is in contact with the other end surface 31 b of the rotating shaft 31 of the motor / generator 30.
- the pump gear 42 of the transmission 40 is connected to the rotating shaft 31 of the electric / generator 30 by a spline, and the rotating shaft 31 of the electric / generator 30 has the same axis. Accordingly, as the drive shaft 51 of the engine 50 rotates, the rotation shaft 31 of the electric / generator 30 and the pump gear 42 of the transmission 40 rotate integrally.
- the rotation of the pump gear 41 is transmitted to the transmission rotation shaft 43. That is, the pump gear 42 and the transmission rotating shaft 43 serve as the input shaft of the transmission 40.
- the output shaft (not shown) of the transmission 40 is directly connected to the propeller shaft 15 as shown in FIG. As a result, the rotation of the drive shaft 51 of the engine 50 is transmitted to the propeller shaft 15 via the gear train of the selected speed stage in the transmission 40.
- the transmission 40 is accommodated in a transmission case 65. A part of the side edge of the transmission case 65 and the torque converter case 63 is overlapped and joined by a fastening member 66 such as a bolt.
- the motor / generator 30 shown in FIG. 4 is configured to be exchangeable with the flywheel and torque converter shown in FIG. That is, the hybrid wheel loader of the same type can be made to have an electric / generator specification or a torque converter specification, which will be described later.
- the case for the motor / generator 30 described above is constituted by two cases of the flywheel case 62 and the torque converter case 63 will be described.
- FIG. 7 shows an example of a system block diagram of the hybrid wheel loader of the present invention.
- the rotating shaft 31 of the motor / generator 30 is directly connected to the drive shaft 51 of the engine 50.
- the motor / generator 30 includes a rotor 32 attached to the rotating shaft 31 and a stator 33 disposed on the outer periphery of the rotor 32.
- the input shaft of the transmission 40 is coupled to the rotating shaft 31 of the motor / generator 30 by a spline.
- An output shaft (not shown) of the transmission 40 is integrally formed with the propeller shaft 15.
- a traveling motor 25 is mounted on the propeller shaft 15.
- a differential 18 is mounted between the propeller shaft 15 and the central portion in the length direction of the front axle 4.
- a differential 19 is mounted between the propeller shaft 15 and the central portion in the length direction of the rear axle 10.
- the traveling motor 25 is disposed in the front frame 3 as described above.
- the structure in which the traveling motor 25 is mounted on the shaft of the propeller shaft 15 is one of the features in the embodiment of the hybrid wheel loader 1 according to the present invention.
- the front frame 3 in the wheel loader is normally a blank space in which no actuators or attachments such as a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic motor, and an electric motor are arranged. Therefore, it is not necessary to increase the size of the hybrid wheel loader 1 even if the traveling motor 25 is mounted in the front frame 3.
- the traveling motor 25 disposed in the front frame 3 is protected from falling objects such as earth and sand during work by the front frame 3, the structure can be simplified and safety can be ensured. Play.
- the hybrid wheel loader 1 includes a power storage device 26.
- the accelerator pedal is released while the electric / generator 30 operates as the electric motor and the whibbed wheel loader 1 is traveling, the regenerative brake works, and the rotational speeds of the front wheels 5 and the rear wheels 11 are reduced.
- the motor / generator 30 is switched to an operation as a generator by the control device 75, and the motor / generator 30 Control is performed so that the power generation energy is recovered by the power storage device 26.
- the traveling motor 25 can recover the regenerative energy generated by the traveling motor 25 during the regenerative braking to the power storage device 26 under the control of the control device 75.
- the power supply control unit 71 includes an inverter circuit, and controls the electric storage device 26 to be charged with electric energy when the electric motor / generator 30 is driven by the engine 50 and the electric motor / generator 30 operates as a generator. To do. In addition, the power supply control unit 71 performs control so that the electrical energy accumulated in the motor / generator 30 and the traveling motor 25 is charged in the power storage device 26.
- the power supply control unit 71 includes a charge amount detection circuit that detects a charge amount charged in the power storage device 26.
- the motor / generator 30 is connected to the propeller shaft 15 only through the transmission 40 without passing through the torque converter. Accordingly, the recovery efficiency for regenerating the electric energy generated by the electric / generator 30 when the front wheels 5 and the rear wheels 11 are driven via the propeller shaft 15 and the differentials 18 and 19 and the vehicle is decelerated by the regenerative brake while traveling. Can be increased.
- the traveling motor 25 is directly mounted on the propeller shaft 15 without using a gear train. For this reason, the recovery efficiency of the electric energy obtained by the power generation of the traveling motor 25 in which the driving force of the front wheels 5 and the rear wheels 11 is transmitted through the propeller shaft 15 and the differentials 18 and 19 can be increased.
- the rotation shaft of the hydraulic pump 72 is connected to the drive shaft 51 of the engine 50.
- the oil discharged from the hydraulic pump 72 is supplied to the arm cylinder 6C and the bucket cylinder 6D via the control valve 73.
- the control valve 73 is switched by a pilot valve (not shown) controlled by an electromagnetic valve (not shown) connected to the control device 75.
- the control device 75 includes a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, and an arithmetic processing device.
- a pressure detector 81 that detects the pressure p on the bottom side of the hydraulic pump 72 is connected to the control device 75.
- the engine 50 is provided with an engine speed detector 82, and engine speed information is sent to the control device 75.
- a vehicle speed detector 83 that detects the vehicle speed is mounted on the output side of the transmission 40.
- the transmission control device 76 includes a solenoid valve and supplies the transmission 40 with a clutch pressure for automatically selecting each speed stage according to the vehicle speed.
- the vehicle speed detector 83 and the transmission control device 76 are connected to the control device 75.
- the control device 75 is connected to an operation angle detector 87 that detects an operation amount of the operation lever 77 provided in the cab 12 (FIG. 1).
- an accelerator opening detector 86 detects the operation amount of the accelerator pedal 77.
- the rotation angle detector 84 is provided at the rotation fulcrum portion of the arm 6A and detects the rotation angle of the arm 6A.
- the rotation angle detector 85 is provided at the rotation fulcrum portion of the bucket 6B and detects the rotation angle of the bucket 6B.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the relationship between the vehicle speed v and the speed stage.
- the control device 75 outputs a control signal to the transmission control device 76 according to the vehicle speed v, and the transmission control device 76 shifts the transmission 40 according to the vehicle speed v as shown in FIG. That is, when the vehicle speed v increases to the shift permission vehicle speed v12, the transmission control device 76 shifts up from the first speed to the second speed, and when the vehicle speed v increases from the shift permission vehicle speed v12 to the shift permission vehicle speed v23, from the second speed to the third speed.
- the third gear is shifted up to the fourth gear.
- the transmission control device 76 shifts down from the fourth speed to the third speed
- the transmission control device 76 shifts down from the third speed to the second speed.
- the shift-permitted vehicle speeds v12, v23, and v34 are set larger than the shift-permitted vehicle speeds v21, v32, and v43, respectively, so that the shift change can be performed stably.
- Each of these shift permission vehicle speeds is a threshold value for permitting upshifting or downshifting, and is set in the control device 75 in advance.
- the transmission control device 76 has a solenoid valve that switches the speed stage, and is driven by a control signal from the control device 75.
- FIG. 8 shows the case of automatic shift from 1st speed to 4th speed, the 1st speed may be manually selected, and the shift from 2nd speed to 4th speed may be automatic shift.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing V-shape loading, which is one of the methods for loading soil or the like M onto the dump truck using the hybrid wheel loader 1.
- V shape loading first, as shown by an arrow a, the hybrid wheel loader 1 is moved forward to scoop up soil and the like M. Thereafter, as indicated by an arrow b, the hybrid wheel loader 1 is temporarily retracted. Then, as indicated by an arrow c, the hybrid wheel loader 1 is advanced toward the dump truck, and the soil M or the like scooped is loaded on the dump truck. Thereafter, as indicated by an arrow d, the hybrid wheel loader 1 is moved back to the original position.
- FIG. 10 is a side view of the scooping operation from the side of the V-shape loading shown in FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a side view of the scooping operation from the side of the V-shape loading shown in FIG.
- FIG. 10 an example of processing in this scooping operation will be described in detail.
- FIG. 11 is a process flow diagram of the hybrid wheel loader 1.
- control device 75 determines whether or not accelerator pedal 77 (FIG. 7) is depressed. If the accelerator pedal is not depressed, the power supply controller 71 determines whether or not the charge amount C charged in the power storage device 26 is full C FULL (step S2). If it is not full C FULL , the power supply controller 71 charges the power storage device 26 with the electrical energy generated by the motor / generator 30 (step S3).
- the power supply control unit 71 includes an inverter, and converts the AC current generated by the motor / generator 30 into a DC current by the inverter to charge the power storage device 26.
- the charge amount detection circuit of the power supply control unit 71 measures the charge amount C charged in the power storage device 26 at predetermined time intervals, and whether or not the charge amount C of the power storage device 26 has reached full C FULL. Is determined (step S4). If the charge amount C is full C FULL , the power supply controller 71 stops the power generation by the motor / generator 30 (step S5). If the charge amount has reached full C FULL , the process returns to step S1.
- step S2 If it is determined in step S2 that the charge amount C charged in the power storage device 26 is full C FULL and if the charge amount C charged in the power storage device 26 reaches full C FULL in step S5 Then, the process returns to step S1 to enter a standby state for the accelerator pedal depression signal.
- step S6 the control device 75 determines whether or not the vehicle speed has been reduced.
- the vehicle speed information is transmitted from the vehicle speed detector 83 (FIG. 7) mounted on the output side of the transmission 40 to the control device 75.
- the control device 75 compares the current vehicle speed with the previous vehicle speed, and determines whether or not the vehicle speed has decreased. When it is determined that the vehicle speed is reduced, the power supply control unit 71 operates the regenerative brake. That is, in step S7, the power supply control unit 71 determines whether or not the charge amount C of the power storage device 26 is full C FULL . In step S7, when it is determined that the charge amount of power storage device 26 is not full C FULL , power supply control unit 71 obtains electric energy obtained by performing power generation control with traveling motor 25 and electric motor / generator 30 in power generation mode. Is regenerated and the power storage device 26 is charged (step S8).
- the charge amount detection circuit of the power supply control unit 71 measures the charge amount C charged in the power storage device 26 at a predetermined time interval. It is determined whether or not the amount C Eff has been reached (step S9). If the charge amount C of the power storage device 26 does not reach the predetermined charge amount C Eff in step S9, the process returns to step S8, and the power supply control unit 71 continues the regeneration of electric energy by the traveling motor 25 and the electric / generator 30. To do.
- the predetermined charge amount C Eff is a value smaller than full C FULL . Even if the charge amount C charged in the power storage device 26 does not reach full C FULL , the power supply control unit 71 can operate the traveling motor 25 or the electric motor / generator 30.
- the predetermined charge amount C Eff is set in advance in the control device 75 as a limit charge amount capable of operating the traveling motor 25 or the motor / generator 30.
- step S7 When it is determined in step S7 that the charge amount C charged in the power storage device 26 has reached full C FULL and in step S9, the charge amount C charged in the power storage device 26 has reached a predetermined charge amount C Eff .
- the control device 75 performs the process of step S10.
- step S10 the controller 75 determines whether or not the height HB of the bucket 6B is equal to or higher than a predetermined height HB high .
- the height HB of the bucket 6B is calculated by the control device 75 based on output signals from the rotation angle detector 84 of the arm 6A and the rotation angle detector 85 of the bucket 6B.
- step S10 If it is determined in step S10 that the bucket height HB is equal to or higher than the predetermined height HB high , a shift-up prohibition signal is supplied from the control device 75 to the transmission control device 76, and the transmission control device 76 automatically shifts the transmission. Is prohibited (step S11). As described above, the transmission 40 automatically shifts up from the first speed to the fourth speed or from the second speed to the fourth speed in accordance with the vehicle speed obtained from the output signal from the vehicle speed detector 83. The automatic shift is prohibited by the control device 76.
- the hybrid wheel loader 1 travels at a low speed equal to or lower than the second speed (step S12). While traveling at a low speed, the control device 75 monitors the height information of the bucket 6B.
- step S13 If the height HB of the bucket 6B is equal to or higher than the predetermined height HB high in step S13, the control device 75 returns to step S10, and the hybrid wheel loader 1 Will continue to run under 2nd gear.
- step S13 if the control device 75 determines that the bucket height HB is equal to or lower than the predetermined height HB high , the shift-up prohibition is canceled (step S14), and the process returns to step S10. If the hybrid wheel loader 1 is driven at a high speed while the bucket 6B is held at a high position, the possibility of falling or the like increases.
- the processing of step S11 to step S14 is for preventing a fall or the like.
- step S10 when the control device 75 determines that the height HB of the bucket 6B is not equal to or higher than the predetermined height HB high , in step S15, the control device 75 performs a predetermined time t 1 from the start of depression of the accelerator pedal 77. It is judged whether it is within. If it is determined to be within the predetermined time t 1, the power supply control unit 71 operates the driving motor 25 (step S16). That is, the control device 75 instructs the power supply control unit 71 to operate the travel motor 25, and the power supply control unit 71 supplies the power from the power storage device 26 to the travel motor 25 to drive the travel motor 25. In this case, the direct current output from the power storage device 26 is converted into an alternating current in the inverter of the power supply control unit 71.
- Step 15 When the traveling motor 25 operates, the torque of the traveling motor 25 is added to the propeller shaft 15, the traction force of the hybrid wheel loader 1 increases, and the vehicle speed increases rapidly. That is, if Step 15 is Yes, the traveling motor 25 operates to assist the engine 50 (Step S16).
- the drive shaft 51 of the engine 50 has a rotational speed corresponding to the depression of the accelerator pedal 77.
- step S17 as described with reference to FIG. 8, a shift up corresponding to the vehicle speed v at that time is performed.
- Steps S15 to S17 are processes corresponding to this work.
- the traveling motor 25 is always operated as an assist of the engine 50, it becomes a rapid speed when it is not necessary, and there is a possibility of hindering driving.
- the traveling motor 25 is operated to assist the engine 50 within a certain time t 1 after the accelerator pedal 77 is depressed.
- step S15 the control unit 75, after depression of the accelerator pedal 77, if it is determined not to be the predetermined time t 1 within the shift-up control device 76 without the shift-up immediately in step S18 Process.
- step S18 the control device 75 determines whether or not an operation signal for operating the operation lever 88 is supplied from the operation angle detector 87 (FIG. 7). If there is no operation signal indicating that the bucket 6B has been operated, the process returns to step S15. After returning to the step S15, still, if it is t 1 within After depressing the accelerator pedal 77, the power supply control unit 71 continues the operation of high-speed running by operation of the traveling motor 25.
- step S19 If the bucket operation signal is supplied to the control device 75 in step S18, the transmission control device 76 determines in step S19 whether or not the transmission 40 is 1st speed or 2nd speed. When the transmission 40 is 1st speed or 2nd speed, the control apparatus 75 performs the process of step S20, and when that is not right, the power supply control part 71 performs the process of step S27.
- step S20 the control unit 75, whether the pressure p of the hydraulic cylinder 6c is greater than the first pressure p a it is determined.
- step S20 the pressure p of the hydraulic cylinder 6c is determined to be greater than the first pressure p a, traveling motor 25 is driven by the power supply control unit 71 (step S21). Thereby, the traction force by the engine 50 is assisted by the traveling motor 25, and the engine horsepower is distributed to the hydraulic system.
- step S22 the control unit 75, whether the pressure p of the hydraulic cylinder 6c is greater than the second pressure p b it is determined.
- the second pressure p b is greater than the first pressure p a.
- step S22 the pressure p of the hydraulic cylinder 6c is determined to be larger than the second pressure p b
- step S23 the power supply control unit 71 drives the motor / generator 30 as a motor.
- the driving of the traveling motor 25 and the electric / generator 30 are both controlled by the power supply control unit 71 in accordance with an instruction from the control device 75 to supply electric power from the power storage device 26 to the traveling motor 25 and / or the electric / generator 30. And do it.
- step S20 if the pressure p of the hydraulic cylinder 6c is not greater than the first pressure p a, the power supply control unit 71 performs the processing in step S27. Further, in step S22, the pressure p of the hydraulic cylinder 6c is not greater than the second pressure p b, it returns to step S19, processing in steps S19 ⁇ S22 are repeated Kaee.
- steps S19 to S23 will be described in relation to the work performed by the hybrid wheel loader 1.
- the vehicle speed is reduced to the first speed or the second speed, and the bucket 6 ⁇ / b> B is operated by the operation lever 88.
- the transmission 40 is set to the first speed or the second speed.
- the pressure p on the bottom side of the hydraulic cylinder 6c increases.
- Information on the pressure p of the hydraulic cylinder 6 c is sent from the pressure detector 81 to the control device 75.
- the value of the pressure p that corresponds to the weight of the workable gravel or the like M by traction of the engine 50 as a first pressure p a, in advance, is set in the storage unit of the control device 75.
- the pressure p is transmitted from the pressure detector 81 is equal to the first pressure p a higher, the power supply control unit 71 drives the traveling motor 25.
- the traction force for driving the front wheels 5 and the rear wheels 11 is assisted, and the horsepower of the engine 50 can be turned to the hydraulic pump 72 that supplies and drains oil to the hydraulic cylinder 6c and bucket cylinder 6d.
- the pressure p is transmitted from the pressure detector 81 is equal to a first pressure p a second larger pressure p b above, the power supply control unit 71 drives the motor / generator 30 as a motor.
- the driving torque of the electric / generator 30 can be used to drive the devices of the respective parts of the hybrid wheel loader 1 including the propeller shaft 15 and the hydraulic pump 72.
- the processing in steps S19 to S23 corresponds to such an operation.
- the value of the second pressure p b is also set in the control device 75 in advance.
- step S23 the after operating the motor / generator 30, in step S24, the control device 75, the pressure p of the hydraulic cylinder 6c is at the first pressure second pressure p a or more, the second It determines whether it is less than the pressure p b.
- the pressure p of the hydraulic cylinder 6c is at the first pressure p a or more and is less than the second pressure p b, the power supply control unit 71 stops the operation of the motor / generator 30 (step S25). Then, the process returns to step S1.
- step S26 the control unit 75 the pressure p of the hydraulic cylinder 6c is less than the first pressure p a It is determined whether or not. If pressure p of the hydraulic cylinder 6c is not less than the first pressure p a, the flow returns to step S1.
- step S27 If pressure p of the hydraulic cylinder 6c is less than the first pressure p a, in step S27, the power supply control unit 71 stops the operation of the traveling motor 25. Then, the process returns to step S1.
- step S19 the transmission 40 is, when it is determined not to be the first speed or second speed, and in step S20, even if the pressure p of the hydraulic cylinder 6c is determined not to be the first pressure p a higher, Return to step S1.
- the hybrid wheel loader 1 shown as the embodiment of the present invention the following effects can be obtained. (1) Since the motor / generator 30 is mounted between the engine 50 and the transmission 40 without using a torque converter, the recovery efficiency of regenerative energy generated during regenerative braking can be increased. (2) Since the traveling motor 25 is mounted on the axis of the propeller shaft 15, the recovery efficiency of regenerative energy can be increased. (3) Since the traveling motor 25 is arranged in the front frame 3, even if the traveling motor 25 is mounted, the size of the hybrid wheel loader 1 does not increase. (4) Since the traveling motor 25 is arranged in the front frame 3, the front frame 3 can protect against falling objects such as earth and sand during work and the like, simplifying the structure and ensuring safety. be able to.
- the traveling motor 25 is operated to assist the engine 50, so that the traveling speed at the start of traveling can be increased and work efficiency is improved.
- the traveling motor 25 is operated only within the predetermined time t 1 , so that useless driving of the traveling motor 25 can be suppressed and the environment-friendly work can be performed.
- the traveling motor 25 is operated to assist the engine 50 only when the weight is more than a predetermined weight. Therefore, it is possible to make the operation friendly to the environment without reducing the efficiency.
- the above-described motor / generator 30 can be removed and a flywheel and a torque converter can be mounted instead.
- the hybrid wheel loader 1 of the same type can be either the electric / generator 30 specification or the torque converter specification, thereby reducing the number of models, reducing costs and improving productivity. Is to plan. The method and structure will be described below.
- FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view in the region A of FIG. 2, and a flywheel 91 and a torque converter 95 are mounted between the engine 50 and the transmission 40 in which the motor / generator 30 in FIG. 4 is mounted.
- a sectional view of the state is shown.
- the flywheel 91 has a through hole 91 a on the side corresponding to the engine 50.
- the through hole 91 a is provided at a position corresponding to the mounting hole 51 a provided in the drive shaft 51 of the engine 50.
- the flywheel 91 is connected to the drive shaft 51 of the engine 50 by a fastening member 61 such as a bolt inserted through the through hole 91a and fastened to the mounting hole 51a.
- a mounting hole 91b is formed on the opposite side of the flywheel 91 from the engine 50 side.
- the flywheel 91 has the same axis as that of the drive shaft 51 of the engine 50, and rotates on the same axis of the drive shaft 51 of the engine 50 as the drive shaft 51 of the engine 50 rotates.
- the torque converter 95 includes a pump impeller coupled to the drive shaft 51 of the engine 50, that is, the flywheel 91, a turbine liner that transmits the torque of the drive shaft 51 to the transmission 40 via oil, a pump impeller and a turbine liner. And a stator provided therebetween.
- a through hole 95 a is formed in the pump impeller on the side corresponding to the flywheel 91.
- the torque converter 95 is attached to the flywheel 91 by a fastening member 67 such as a bolt that is inserted into the through hole 95a and fastened to the attachment hole 91b of the flywheel 91.
- a rotating shaft 96 of the torque converter 95 indicates a rotating shaft of the pump impeller and the turbine liner, and is coaxial with the axis of the drive shaft 51 of the engine 50.
- the transmission 40 includes a transmission bearing 41, a pump gear 42, a transmission rotating shaft 43, and a multi-stage gear train and an output shaft (not shown).
- the pump gear 42 of the transmission 40 and the turbine liner of the torque converter 95 are connected by a spline.
- the flywheel 91 is accommodated in the flywheel case 62.
- the torque converter 95 is accommodated in the torque converter case 63.
- the transmission 40 is accommodated in a transmission case 65.
- the flywheel case 62 and the torque converter case 63 are partially overlapped and joined by a fastening member 64 such as a bolt.
- a part of the side edge of the transmission case 65 and the torque converter case 63 is overlapped and joined by a fastening member 66 such as a bolt.
- the length L F along the longitudinal direction of the propeller shaft 15 of the flywheel 91, the total length of the length L T along the longitudinal direction of the propeller shaft 15 of the torque converter 95, motor / generator 30 in FIG. 4 This is the same as the length L M / G along the longitudinal direction of the propeller shaft 15. Therefore, it is possible to mount the flywheel 91 and the torque converter 95 shown in FIG. 5 in place of the motor / generator 30 in FIG.
- the fastening member 61 is removed, and the motor / generator 30 is removed by moving the rotating shaft 31 of the motor / generator 30 connected to the drive shaft 51 of the engine 50 (the transmission 40 is removed in advance).
- the through hole 91a of the flywheel 91 and the through hole 31c of the motor / generator 30 are formed at the same position. Therefore, the flywheel 91 is connected to the engine 50 by aligning the through hole 91 a of the flywheel 91 with the mounting hole 51 a formed in the drive shaft 51 of the engine 50 and fastening with the fastening member 61.
- the through hole 95 a of the pump impeller of the torque converter 95 is aligned with the mounting hole 91 b of the flywheel 91 and fastened by the fastening member 67 to attach the pump impeller of the torque converter 95 to the flywheel 91.
- the transmission 40 Since the pump gear 42 of the transmission 40 and the turbine liner of the torque converter 95 are connected by a spline, the transmission 40 is connected to the drive shaft 51 of the engine 50 thereafter. Thereby, the operation of replacing the electric / generator 30 with the flywheel 91 and the torque converter 95 is completed.
- the length L F of the flywheel 91, the total length of the length L T of the torque converter 95 is the same as the length L M / G of the motor / generator 30. Therefore, even after the electric motor / generator 30 is replaced with the flywheel 91 and the torque converter 95, the longitudinal position of the propeller shaft 15 of other components such as the transmission 40 does not change.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure between the engine and the transmission when the motor / generator 30 ′ is provided on the flywheel 91 of a normal wheel loader, and between the engine and the transmission of the hybrid wheel loader 1 according to the present invention. It is a figure for comparison for contrast with the structure of.
- a flywheel 91 ′ and an electric / generator 30 ′ are mounted between the engine 50 and the transmission 40.
- the rotating shaft 31 ′ of the electric / generator 30 ′ does not have a bottom portion 31a. In other words, it is a bottomless and headless cylindrical body.
- the motor / generator 30 ′ is fixed to the flywheel 91 ′ by a fastening member 67 in a state where one end surface of the rotating shaft 31 ′ is in contact with the side surface of the flywheel 91 ′.
- the other configurations are basically the same as the configurations shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, and the same reference numerals are assigned to the same configurations and description thereof is omitted.
- the motor / generator 30 ′ in FIG. 6 corresponds to the motor / generator 30 illustrated in FIG. Accordingly, the length L M / G ′ along the longitudinal direction of the propeller shaft 15 of the electric / generator 30 ′ is basically the same as the length L M / G of the electric / generator 30 shown in FIG. It is. Therefore, it is obvious that the structure shown in FIG. 6 is longer by the length L F ′ along the longitudinal direction of the propeller shaft 15 of the flywheel 91 ′. Accordingly, the length of the propeller shaft 15 can be shortened by the length L F ′ of the flywheel, and accordingly, the overall length of the hybrid wheel loader 1 can be shortened and the miniaturization can be measured. It is.
- a flywheel 91 and a torque converter 95 can be installed in place of the electric / generator 30, and cost reduction and productivity increase due to the sharing of electric / generator specification and torque converter specification vehicles. Can be achieved.
- the hybrid wheel loader 1 can be reduced in size by the length L F 'of the flywheel.
- the traveling motor 25 and the motor / generator 30 are operated when the cylinder pressure p reaches the threshold value.
- the load such as earth and sand M becomes excessive with respect to the maximum rotational torque of the engine 50
- the rotational speed of the engine 50 decreases. Therefore, the rotational speed of the engine 50 is detected and the traveling motor is detected based on the detected value. 25 or the motor / generator 30 may be operated.
- the operation of each electric motor is controlled based on the rotation speed of the engine 50, it is necessary to detect that the rotation speed of the engine 50 once falls below the threshold value after exceeding the threshold value. is there.
- the conditions for operating the motor 25 and the motor / generator 30 to assist the engine 50 are that the predetermined time t 1 after the start of the accelerator depression or that the earth and sand M is an excessive load with respect to the maximum rotational torque of the engine. It is not limited to the case. For example, when the traction force of the engine 50 is insufficient, it may be performed at any time.
- the power supply control unit 71 determines whether or not the charge amount of the power storage device 26 is full C FULL in steps S2, S4, and S7 of FIG. 11, but the charge amount is full full C FULL . It does not have to be determined.
- the power supply control unit 71 may determine that the charge amount C of the power storage device 26 is a charge amount C that is set in advance and is sufficient to drive the traveling motor 25 and the motor / generator 30.
- the power supply control unit 71 may use SOC (State of Charge) of the power storage device 26 instead of the charge amount C of the power storage device 26. In this case, power supply control unit 71 may calculate the SOC based on the total voltage of power storage device 26 detected by the voltage sensor, the charging current or discharging current detected by the current sensor, and the like.
- the hybrid wheel loader of the present invention can be variously modified and configured within the scope of the invention.
- the hybrid wheel loader has an engine and a rotary shaft directly attached to the output shaft of the engine.
Abstract
Description
上記先行文献に記載されたハイブリッドホイールローダでは、エンジンとトルコン(トルクコンバータ)との間にギヤトレーンを有し、上述の発電機を兼ねた電動機(電動/発電機)は、このギヤトレーンの出力軸と同軸に装着されている。
本発明の第2の態様によると、第1の態様のハイブリッドホイールローダにおいて、プロペラシャフトの出力軸上に配置された走行電動機を備えることが好ましい。
本発明の第3の態様によると、第2の態様のハイブリッドホイールローダにおいて、走行電動機がフロントフレーム内に配置されていることが好ましい。
本発明の第4の態様によると、第2または第3の態様のハイブリッドホイールローダにおいて、制御装置は、エンジンによる牽引力が不足する際、蓄電装置からの電力により走行電動機を駆動することが好ましい。
本発明の第5の態様によると、第4の態様のハイブリッドホイールローダにおいて、制御装置は、走行開始時に蓄電装置からの電力により走行電動機を駆動することが好ましい。
本発明の第6の態様によると、第4または第5の態様のハイブリッドホイールローダにおいて、上下方向に回動するバケットと、バケットの高さを検出する高さ検出器と、をさらに備え、制御装置は、高さ検出器により検出されたバケットの高さが所定の高さより小さいことを判定すると、蓄電装置からの電力により走行電動機を駆動することが好ましい。
本発明の第7の態様によると、第6の態様のハイブリッドホイールローダにおいて、バケットを上下方向に回動させるシリンダと、シリンダの圧力を検出する圧力検出器と、をさらに備え、制御装置は、圧力検出器により検出されたシリンダの圧力が第1の圧力よりも大きいことを判定すると、蓄電装置からの電力により走行電動機を駆動することが好ましい。
本発明の第8の態様によると、第7の態様のハイブリッドホイールローダにおいて、制御装置は、圧力検出器により検出されたシリンダの圧力が第1の圧力よりも大きい第2の圧力以上であることを判定すると、蓄電装置からの電力により電動/発電機を駆動することが好ましい。
本発明の第9の態様によると、第7または第8の態様のハイブリッドホイールローダにおいて、蓄電装置からの電力により走行電動機が駆動されているときに、制御装置によって圧力検出器により検出されたシリンダの圧力が第1の圧力よりも小さいことが判定されると、制御装置は、走行電動機の駆動を停止させることが好ましい。
本発明の第10の態様によると、第1乃至第9の何れかの態様のハイブリッドホイールローダにおいて、記制御装置は、減速時に蓄電装置の充電量が所定量より小さい場合には、電動/発電機および走行電動機の電気エネルギを蓄電装置に蓄電することが好ましい。
本発明の第11の態様によると、第1乃至第10のいずれかの態様のハイブリッドホイールローダにおいて、エンジンの出力軸に取り付けられた電動/発電機を取り外し、フライホールおよびトルクコンバータを装着可能に構成されていることが好ましい。
図1はハイブリッドホイールローダの外観斜視図であり、図2は図1に図示されたハイブリッドホイールローダの上面図であり、図3は図1に図示されたハイブリッドホイールローダの側面図である。但し、図2および図3では、図1に図示された作業装置は、図示を省略されている。
前部車体2は、ハイブリッドホイールローダ1の前側に配置されており、略箱状に形成された前フレーム3と、この前フレーム3の下側に設けられた前車軸4と、この前車軸4の左、右両端に設けられた前輪5と、前フレーム3の前側に俯仰動可能に取付けられた作業装置6とを備えている。
後フレーム9は、エンジン、油圧ポンプ、油圧モータ等の駆動源8が収容された収容枠部9A(図2参照)と、この収容枠部9Aの前側に設けられた結合部9Bとによって構成されている。
これにより、結合フレーム181は、屈曲軸Z(連結ピンの中心軸)を中心にして前フレーム3と後フレーム9とを、図2における左、右方向に屈曲可能に連結している。また、結合フレーム181の結合軸20は、軸受(図示せず)によってロール軸Oを中心に回転可能に軸支されている。このように、結合フレーム181は、前フレーム3と後フレーム9とを相対ロール運動可能に連結している。
上述した如く、電動/発電機30の回転軸31は、エンジン50の駆動軸51に直接連結されている。電動/発電機30は、この回転軸31に取り付けられたロータ32と、ロータ32の外周に配置されたステータ33とを有する。トランスミッション40の入力軸は、電動/発電機30の回転軸31にスプラインにより結合されている。トランスミッション40の出力軸(図示せず)は、プロペラシャフト15に一体的に構成されている。
また、走行電動機25は、ギアトレーンを介することなく、直接、プロペラシャフト15の軸上に装着されている。このため、前輪5および後輪11の駆動力がプロペラシャフト15およびデファレンシャル18、19を介して伝達される走行電動機25の発電で得られる電気エネルギの回収効率を大きいものとすることができる。
以下、このすくい取り作業における処理の一例を詳細に説明する。
スタート時点において、エンジン50が駆動され、エンジンの駆動軸51が回転している状態となっている。
この状態において、ステップS1において、制御装置75は、アクセルペダル77(図7)の踏込みがあるか否かを判断する。アクセルペダル踏込みがなければ、電源制御部71は蓄電装置26に充電された充電量CがフルCFULLであるか否かを判断する(ステップS2)。フルCFULLでなければ、電源制御部71は、電動/発電機30により発電された電気エネルギを蓄電装置26に充電する(ステップS3)。前述した如く、電源制御部71は、インバータを含んでおり、電動/発電機30での発電による交流電流をインバータにより直流電流に変換して蓄電装置26に充電する。
ステップS10においては、制御装置75によりバケット6Bの高さHBが、所定の高さHBhigh以上であるか否かが判断される。バケット6Bの高さHBは、アーム6Aの回転角検出器84およびバケット6Bの回転角検出器85からの出力信号に基づいて、制御装置75で演算して求められる。
図10において、ハイブリッドホイールローダ1が土砂等Mに接近し、掘削作業を開始する際には、車速を1速または2速に減速し、操作レバー88によりバケット6Bを操作する。従って、ステップS19において、トランスミッション40は、1速または2速となる。車速を低減せず掘削を行う場合は、土砂等Mの重量が軽量の場合である。
また、油圧シリンダ6cの圧力pが第1の圧力pa以上で第2の圧力pb未満でなければ、ステップS26において、制御装置75は油圧シリンダ6cの圧力pが第1の圧力pa未満であるか否か判断する。油圧シリンダ6cの圧力pが第1の圧力pa未満でなければ、ステップS1に戻る。
(1)トルクコンバータを用いず、エンジン50とトランスミッション40の間に電動/発電機30を装着する構造であるので、回生ブレーキ時に発生する回生エネルギの回収効率を大きくすることができる。
(2)走行電動機25をプロペラシャシャフト15の軸上に装着する構造であるので、回生エネルギの回収効率を大きくすることができる。
(3)走行電動機25を前フレーム3内に配置する構造であるので、走行電動機25を装着してもハイブリッドホイールローダ1のサイズが大きくなることはない。
(4)走行電動機25を前フレーム3内に配置する構造であるので、前フレーム3により作業時等における土砂等Mの落下物から保護することができ、構造を簡素にして安全性を確保することができる。
(6)ハイブリッドホイールローダ1の走行開始時、所定の時間t1内においてのみ走行電動機25を動作するので、走行電動機25の無駄な駆動を抑制し、環境にやさしい作業とすることができる。
(7)ハイブリッドホイールローダ1により重量が大きい土砂等Mを掘削する際、所定の重量以上の場合のみ、走行電動機25を動作してエンジン50をアシストする。したがって、効率を落とすこと無く、環境にやさしい作業とすることができる。
(8)さらに重量が大きい土砂等Mを掘削する際には、走行電動機25の動作に加えて、電動/発電機30を動作する、という負荷の大きさに対応して動作する電動機の数を増加する段階式のアシスト方式を採用した。その結果、一層、効率を落とすこと無く、環境にやさしい作業とすることができる。
以下に、その方法および構造について説明する。
フライホイール91は、エンジン50に対応する側に貫通孔91aを有する。貫通孔91aは、エンジン50の駆動軸51に設けられた取付孔51aに対応する位置に設けられている。フライホイール91は、貫通孔91aに挿通され、取付孔51aに締結されるボルト等の締結部材61により、エンジン50の駆動軸51に連結される。フライホイール91のエンジン50側とは反対側には、取付孔91bが形成されている。フライホイール91の軸芯は、エンジン50の駆動軸51の軸芯と同一軸であり、エンジン50の駆動軸51の回転と共にエンジン50の駆動軸51の同一軸芯上で回転する。
従って、図4における電動/発電機30に替えて、図5に示すフライホイール91とトルクコンバータ95を装着することが可能である。
フライホイール91の長さLFと、トルクコンバータ95の長さLTとの合計の長さは、電動/発電機30の長さLM/Gと同一である。そのため、電動/発電機30をフライホイール91とトルクコンバータ95に取替えた後も、トランスミッション40等、他の構成部品のプロペラシャフト15の長手方向の位置は変化することがない。
図6に図示された構造では、エンジン50とトランスミッション40との間にフライホイール91’と電動/発電機30’とが装着されている。電動/発電機30’の回転軸31’は、図4における電動/発電機30の回転軸31とは異なり、底部31aを有していない。換言すれば、無底無頭の円筒体である。電動/発電機30’は、この回転軸31’の一端面をフライホイール91’の側面に接触させた状態で、締結部材67によりフライホイール91’に固定されている。
これ以外の構成は、図4および図5に図示された構成と基本的には同一であり、同一の構成に同一の参照番号を付して説明を省略する。
従って、このフライホイールの長さLF’分だけ、プロペラシャフト15の長さを短くすることが可能であり、これに伴い、ハイブリッドホイールローダ1の全長を短くして小型化を測ることが可能である。
i)電動/発電機30に代えてフライホイール91とトルクコンバータ95を装着することが可能であり、電動/発電機仕様車とトルクコンバータ仕様車との共用化に伴うコスト低減と生産性の向上を図ることができる。
ii)走行電動機25をプロペラシャフト15の軸上に装着することにより、フライホイールの長さLF’分、ハイブリッドホイールローダ1の小型化を図ることができる。
日本国特許出願2010年第121389号(2010年5月27日出願)
Claims (11)
- 出力軸を有するエンジンと、
前記エンジンの出力軸に直接取り付けられた回転軸を有する電動/発電機と、
前記電動/発電機の回転軸に取り付けられた入力軸と、出力軸とを有するトランスミッションと、
前記トランスミッションの出力側に設けられ、前記トランスミッションの出力軸により駆動されるプロペラシャフトと、
蓄電装置と、
前記電動/発電機の電気エネルギを回収して前記蓄電装置に蓄電する制御装置と、
を具備するハイブリッドホイールローダ。 - 請求項1に記載のハイブリッドホイールローダにおいて、
前記プロペラシャフトの出力軸上に配置された走行電動機を備えたハイブリッドホイールローダ。 - 請求項2項に記載のハイブリッドホイールローダにおいて、
前記走行電動機がフロントフレーム内に配置されているハイブリッドホイールローダ。 - 請求項2または3に記載のハイブリッドホイールローダにおいて、
前記制御装置は、前記エンジンによる牽引力が不足する際、前記蓄電装置からの電力により前記走行電動機を駆動するハイブリッドホイールローダ。 - 請求項4に記載のハイブリッドホイールローダにおいて、
前記制御装置は、走行開始時に前記蓄電装置からの電力により前記走行電動機を駆動するハイブリッドホイールローダ。 - 請求項4または5に記載のハイブリッドホイールローダにおいて、
上下方向に回動するバケットと、
前記バケットの高さを検出する高さ検出器と、をさらに備え、
前記制御装置は、前記高さ検出器により検出された前記バケットの高さが所定の高さより小さいことを判定すると、前記蓄電装置からの電力により前記走行電動機を駆動するハイブリッドホイールローダ。 - 請求項6に記載のハイブリッドホイールローダにおいて、
前記バケットを上下方向に回動させるシリンダと、
前記シリンダの圧力を検出する圧力検出器と、をさらに備え、
前記制御装置は、前記圧力検出器により検出された前記シリンダの圧力が第1の圧力よりも大きいことを判定すると、前記蓄電装置からの電力により前記走行電動機を駆動するハイブリッドホイールローダ。 - 請求項7に記載のハイブリッドホイールローダにおいて、
前記制御装置は、前記圧力検出器により検出された前記シリンダの圧力が前記第1の圧力よりも大きい第2の圧力以上であることを判定すると、前記蓄電装置からの電力により前記電動/発電機を駆動するハイブリッドホイールローダ。 - 請求項7または8に記載のハイブリッドホイールローダにおいて、
前記蓄電装置からの電力により前記走行電動機が駆動されているときに、前記制御装置によって前記圧力検出器により検出された前記シリンダの圧力が前記第1の圧力よりも小さいことが判定されると、前記制御装置は、前記走行電動機の駆動を停止させるハイブリッドホイールローダ。 - 請求項1乃至9の何れか1項に記載のハイブリッドホイールローダにおいて、
前記制御装置は、減速時に前記蓄電装置の充電量が所定量より小さい場合には、前記電動/発電機および前記走行電動機の電気エネルギを前記蓄電装置に蓄電するハイブリッドホイールローダ。 - 請求項1乃至10のいずれか1項に記載のハイブリッドホイールローダにおいて、
前記エンジンの出力軸に取り付けられた前記電動/発電機を取り外し、フライホールおよびトルクコンバータを装着可能に構成されているハイブリッドホイールローダ。
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US13/697,150 US8812197B2 (en) | 2010-05-27 | 2011-05-27 | Hybrid wheel loader |
CN201180026387.2A CN102917932B (zh) | 2010-05-27 | 2011-05-27 | 混合动力轮式装载机 |
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JP5312400B2 (ja) | 2013-10-09 |
CN102917932B (zh) | 2016-03-09 |
EP2551163A1 (en) | 2013-01-30 |
EP2551163A4 (en) | 2018-04-25 |
KR101752520B1 (ko) | 2017-06-29 |
KR20130073903A (ko) | 2013-07-03 |
JP2011245987A (ja) | 2011-12-08 |
CN102917932A (zh) | 2013-02-06 |
EP2551163B1 (en) | 2019-08-21 |
US20130071214A1 (en) | 2013-03-21 |
US8812197B2 (en) | 2014-08-19 |
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