WO2011132539A1 - アルミニウム構造体の製造方法およびアルミニウム構造体 - Google Patents
アルミニウム構造体の製造方法およびアルミニウム構造体 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011132539A1 WO2011132539A1 PCT/JP2011/058782 JP2011058782W WO2011132539A1 WO 2011132539 A1 WO2011132539 A1 WO 2011132539A1 JP 2011058782 W JP2011058782 W JP 2011058782W WO 2011132539 A1 WO2011132539 A1 WO 2011132539A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- aluminum
- resin molded
- molded body
- conductive
- plating
- Prior art date
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- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 171
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 169
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 128
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 127
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 53
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N urethane group Chemical group NC(=O)OCC JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 20
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 10
- -1 nickel metal hydride Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 8
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 7
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 6
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
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- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- BMQZYMYBQZGEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 BMQZYMYBQZGEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 229910000528 Na alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- POKOASTYJWUQJG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-butylpyridin-1-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 POKOASTYJWUQJG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001508 alkali metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QZPSXPBJTPJTSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aqua regia Chemical compound Cl.O[N+]([O-])=O QZPSXPBJTPJTSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 150000004693 imidazolium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Imidazolium Chemical compound C1=C[NH+]=CN1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229910013618 LiCl—KCl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical class C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Al] Chemical compound [Li].[Al] JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001615 alkaline earth metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
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- PXLIDIMHPNPGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium chromate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O PXLIDIMHPNPGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ALMAEWAETUQTEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;chromium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Cr+3] ALMAEWAETUQTEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
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- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- CFJRPNFOLVDFMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium disulfide Chemical compound S=[Ti]=S CFJRPNFOLVDFMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003673 urethanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/54—Electroplating of non-metallic surfaces
- C25D5/56—Electroplating of non-metallic surfaces of plastics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/08—Alloys with open or closed pores
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
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- H01G11/22—Electrodes
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- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
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- H01G11/70—Current collectors characterised by their structure
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
- H01M4/80—Porous plates, e.g. sintered carriers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of forming an aluminum structure on a resin surface by aluminum plating, and particularly to an aluminum structure that can be suitably used as a porous metal body in applications such as various filters and battery electrodes, and a method for producing the same.
- Metal porous bodies having a three-dimensional network structure are used in various fields such as various filters, catalyst carriers, and battery electrodes.
- cermet made of nickel (manufactured by Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd .: registered trademark) is used as an electrode material for batteries such as nickel metal hydride batteries and nickel cadmium batteries.
- Celmet is a metal porous body having continuous air holes, and has a feature that the porosity is higher (90% or more) than other porous bodies such as a metal nonwoven fabric. This can be obtained by forming a nickel layer on the surface of the porous resin skeleton having continuous air holes such as urethane foam, then heat-treating it to decompose the foamed resin molded product, and further reducing the nickel.
- the formation of the nickel layer is performed by depositing nickel by electroplating after applying carbon powder or the like to the surface of the skeleton of the foamed resin molded body and conducting a conductive treatment.
- Aluminum has excellent characteristics such as conductivity, corrosion resistance, and light weight.
- a positive electrode of a lithium ion battery in which an active material such as lithium cobaltate is applied to the surface of an aluminum foil is used.
- an active material such as lithium cobaltate
- aluminum is made porous to increase the surface area and the aluminum is filled with an active material. This is because the active material can be used even if the electrode is thickened, and the active material utilization rate per unit area is improved.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that a metal aluminum layer having a thickness of 2 to 20 ⁇ m is formed by subjecting a three-dimensional net-like plastic substrate having an internal communication space to aluminum vapor deposition by an arc ion plating method. A method is described.
- Patent Document 2 a film made of a metal (such as copper) that forms a eutectic alloy below the melting point of aluminum is formed on the skeleton of a foamed resin molding having a three-dimensional network structure, and then an aluminum paste is applied.
- a method is described in which a metal porous body is obtained by performing heat treatment at a temperature of 550 ° C. or higher and 750 ° C. or lower in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to eliminate organic components (foamed resin) and sinter aluminum powder.
- Patent Document 3 uses a low melting point composition in which onium halide and aluminum halide are mixed and melted as a plating bath, and the water content in the bath is 2 wt% or less.
- An aluminum electroplating method is disclosed, in which aluminum is deposited on the cathode while maintaining the same.
- Patent Document 1 an aluminum porous body having a thickness of 2 to 20 ⁇ m is obtained, but since it is based on a gas phase method, it is difficult to produce a large area, and the thickness of the substrate and the pores Depending on the rate, it is difficult to form a uniform layer up to the inside. In addition, there are problems such as a slow formation rate of the aluminum layer and an increase in manufacturing cost due to expensive equipment. Furthermore, when a thick film is formed, there is a possibility that the film may crack or aluminum may fall off. According to the method of Patent Document 2, a layer that forms a eutectic alloy with aluminum is formed, and a high-purity aluminum layer cannot be formed.
- the electroplating method of aluminum itself is known, it is only possible to plate on the metal surface, and electroplating on the resin surface, especially on the surface of the porous resin molded body having a three-dimensional network structure.
- the method of electroplating has not been known. This is considered to be affected by problems such as dissolution of the porous resin in the plating bath.
- the present invention enables high-purity aluminum structure by uniformly forming a thick film even if the resin molded body, particularly a porous resin molded body having a three-dimensional network structure, can be plated with aluminum. It aims at the method which can form a body, and the method which can obtain the aluminum porous body of a large area especially.
- the inventors of the present application have come up with a method of electroplating aluminum on the surface of a resin molded body such as polyurethane or melamine. That is, the present invention provides an aluminum structure comprising a conductive step for forming a conductive layer made of aluminum on the surface of a resin molded body, and a plating step for plating aluminum in the molten salt bath on the conductive resin molded body. (The first invention of the present application). As described above, conventionally, although aluminum plating has been performed on a metal surface, electroplating on the surface of a resin molded body has not been considered.
- anodic electrolysis process in which the electroconductive layer is used as an anode between the conductive process and the plating process (the second invention of the present application).
- the oxide film on the surface of the conductive layer formed in the conductive step can be dissolved and removed, and aluminum plating in the molten salt can be performed satisfactorily.
- the conductive resin molded body is transferred between processes without being exposed to an oxidizing atmosphere between the conductive process and the plating process (third invention of the present application). With such a process, the aluminum plating in the molten salt can be satisfactorily performed without oxidizing the conductive layer.
- the conductive step may be a step of attaching aluminum to the surface of the resin molded body by a vapor phase method (fourth invention of the present application), or by immersing the resin molded body in a paint containing aluminum. It may be a step of attaching aluminum (the fifth invention of the present application).
- Such a process makes it possible to form a uniformly thick aluminum layer on the surface of a complex skeleton structure, particularly a porous resin body having a three-dimensional network structure (the sixth invention of the present application).
- Urethane or melamine capable of obtaining a resin porous body having a high porosity is preferable as the resin molded body (the seventh invention of the present application).
- an aluminum structure having a resin molded body having a metal layer on its surface is obtained (the eleventh invention of the present application).
- it may be used as a composite of resin and metal as it is, or when used as a metal structure without resin due to restrictions on the usage environment, the resin is removed. (8th invention of the present application).
- the aluminum structure obtained by the above manufacturing method is an aluminum structure composed of an aluminum layer having a thickness of 1 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m as a metal layer, and the purity of the aluminum layer as a whole excluding the resin is 99.0% or more.
- the carbon content is measured by the high frequency induction furnace combustion-infrared absorption method of JIS-G1211.
- the purity of aluminum is measured by dissolving an aluminum structure in aqua regia and using an ICP (inductively coupled plasma) emission spectrometer.
- the skeleton portion of the network structure has a triangular shape as a whole.
- the triangle is not a strict meaning and refers to a shape having approximately three apexes and having three curves as sides. Therefore, the shape of the aluminum structure formed by plating also has a structure in which the skeleton has a substantially triangular shape.
- aluminum is deposited by a vapor phase method as a conductive method. In the vapor phase method, a conductive layer having a relatively uniform thickness can be formed, and the conductivity is the same at all positions of the triangle.
- the surface of a resin molded body can be plated with aluminum, and has a substantially uniform thick film with high purity and a large area.
- a method capable of forming an aluminum structure and an aluminum structure can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is a flow diagram showing a manufacturing process of an aluminum structure according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a manufacturing process of an aluminum structure according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged surface photograph showing the structure of a urethane foam resin as an example of a porous resin molded body.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a skeleton cross section of an aluminum porous body.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining an example of an aluminum continuous plating process by molten salt plating.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a structural example in which an aluminum porous body is applied to a molten salt battery.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a structural example in which an aluminum porous body is applied to an electric double layer capacitor.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional SEM photograph of the porous aluminum body.
- FIG. 1 is a flow diagram showing a manufacturing process of an aluminum structure according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 schematically shows a state in which an aluminum structure is formed using a resin molded body as a core material corresponding to the flowchart. The flow of the entire manufacturing process will be described with reference to both drawings.
- preparation 101 of the base resin molded body is performed.
- Part (a) of FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view showing a part of the cross section of the resin as an enlarged view of the surface of the foamed resin molded body having continuous air holes as an example of the base resin molded body. The pores are formed with the foamed resin molded body 1 as a skeleton.
- the surface 102 of the resin molded body is made conductive.
- a thin conductive layer 2 made of aluminum is formed on the surface of the resin molded body 1 as shown in part (b) of FIG.
- aluminum plating 103 in molten salt is performed to form an aluminum plating layer 3 on the surface of the resin molded body on which the conductive layer is formed (part (c) in FIG. 2).
- an aluminum structure in which the aluminum plating layer 3 is formed on the surface using the base resin molded body as a base material is obtained.
- the removal 104 of the base resin molded body may be performed.
- An aluminum structure (porous body) in which only the metal layer remains can be obtained by disassembling and disappearing the foamed resin molded body 1 (part (d) in FIG. 2).
- each step will be described in order.
- a porous resin molded body having a three-dimensional network structure and continuous air holes is prepared.
- Arbitrary resin can be selected as a raw material of a porous resin molding.
- the material include foamed resin moldings such as polyurethane, melamine, polypropylene, and polyethylene.
- foamed resin moldings such as polyurethane, melamine, polypropylene, and polyethylene.
- a resin molded article having an arbitrary shape can be selected as long as it has continuous pores (continuous vent holes). For example, what has a shape like a nonwoven fabric entangled with a fibrous resin can be used instead of the foamed resin molded article.
- the foamed resin molded article preferably has a porosity of 80% to 98% and a pore diameter of 50 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m.
- Foamed urethane and foamed melamine can be preferably used as a foamed resin molded article because they have high porosity, have pore connectivity and are excellent in thermal decomposability.
- Foamed urethane is preferable in terms of uniformity of pores and availability, and urethane foam is preferable in that a product having a small pore diameter is obtained.
- the porous resin molded body often has residues such as foaming agents and unreacted monomers in the foam production process, and it is preferable to perform a washing treatment for the subsequent steps.
- FIG. 3 shows one obtained by washing urethane foam as a pretreatment.
- the resin molded body forms a three-dimensional network as a skeleton, thereby forming continuous pores as a whole.
- the skeleton of the urethane foam has a substantially triangular shape in a cross section perpendicular to the extending direction.
- the porosity is defined by the following equation.
- a conductive layer made of aluminum is formed on the surface of the foamed resin molded body.
- the conductive layer can be formed by an arbitrary method such as vapor deposition, sputtering, gas phase method such as plasma CVD, or application of aluminum paint.
- a vapor deposition method is preferable because a thin film can be formed uniformly.
- the thickness of the conductive layer is 0.05 ⁇ m to 1 ⁇ m, preferably 0.1 ⁇ m to 0.5 ⁇ m. When the thickness of the conductive layer is smaller than 0.01 ⁇ m, the electroconductivity is insufficient and the electroplating cannot be performed satisfactorily in the next step. On the other hand, when the thickness exceeds 1 ⁇ m, the cost of the conductive step increases.
- the conductive treatment may be performed by immersing the foamed resin molded body in a paint containing aluminum.
- a paint containing aluminum for example, a liquid in which aluminum fine particles having a particle diameter of 10 nm to 1 ⁇ m are dispersed in water or an organic solvent can be used.
- the conductive layer can be formed by immersing the foamed resin in the paint and then heating to evaporate the solvent.
- Platinum pretreatment anode electrolysis
- aluminum is plated by molten salt plating to form an aluminum plating layer.
- an oxide film is present on the surface of the conductive layer, the adhesion of aluminum deteriorates in the next plating step, and aluminum may adhere in an island shape or the thickness of the aluminum plating layer may vary. Therefore, it is preferable to perform anodic electrolysis before the plating step to dissolve and remove the oxide film (aluminum oxide layer) formed on the surface of the conductive layer (aluminum layer).
- a conductive resin molded body and a counter electrode such as an aluminum plate are immersed in molten salt, and a DC current is applied with the conductive resin molded body (conductive layer) on the anode side and the counter electrode as the cathode.
- the molten salt may be the same as the molten salt plating in the next step, or may be a different one.
- plating pretreatment non-oxidizing atmosphere
- Another method for preventing oxidation of the conductive layer is the next step without exposing the resin molded body with a conductive layer (conductive resin molded body) to an oxidizing atmosphere after forming the conductive layer. It is conceivable to move to the plating process. For example, a vapor deposition device and a molten salt plating device are placed in an argon atmosphere, and after conducting a conductive step by vapor deposition in an argon atmosphere, the sample is transferred to the next step in the argon atmosphere and molten salt plating is performed. Can do. By such a technique, plating can be performed without oxidizing the surface of the conductive layer formed in the conductive step.
- Formation of aluminum layer molten salt plating
- electrolytic plating is performed in a molten salt to form an aluminum plating layer 3 on the surface of the resin molded body.
- a direct current is applied in a molten salt using a resin molded body having a conductive surface as a cathode and an aluminum plate having a purity of 99.99% as an anode.
- the thickness of the aluminum plating layer is 1 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 5 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m.
- a direct current is applied in the molten salt using the conductive resin molded body as a cathode and the counter electrode as an anode.
- an organic molten salt that is a eutectic salt of an organic halide and an aluminum halide, or an inorganic molten salt that is a eutectic salt of an alkali metal halide and an aluminum halide can be used.
- Use of an organic molten salt bath that melts at a relatively low temperature is preferable because plating can be performed without decomposing the resin molded body as a base material.
- the organic halide imidazolium salt, pyridinium salt and the like can be used. Of these, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EMIC) and butylpyridinium chloride (BPC) are preferable.
- the imidazolium salt a salt containing an imidazolium cation having an alkyl group at the 1,3-position is preferably used.
- aluminum chloride, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AlCl 3 -EMIC) based molten salt It is most preferably used because it is highly stable and hardly decomposes.
- plating is preferably performed in an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen or argon and in a sealed environment.
- an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen or argon
- the temperature of the plating bath is 10 ° C. to 60 ° C., preferably 25 ° C. to 45 ° C.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration of an apparatus for continuously performing metal plating treatment on the belt-shaped resin.
- a configuration in which the belt-like resin 22 whose surface is made conductive is sent from the left to the right in the figure.
- the first plating tank 21 a includes a cylindrical electrode 24, a positive electrode 25 provided on the inner wall of the container, and a plating bath 23. By passing the strip-shaped resin 22 through the plating bath 23 along the cylindrical electrode 24, a uniform current can easily flow through the entire resin, and uniform plating can be obtained.
- the plating tank 21b is a tank for applying a thick and uniform plating, and is configured to be repeatedly plated in a plurality of tanks.
- Plating is performed by passing the belt-like resin 22 having a thin metal tank on the surface through a plating bath 28 while sequentially feeding it by an electrode roller 26 that also serves as a feed roller and an external power feeding negative electrode.
- an electrode roller 26 that also serves as a feed roller and an external power feeding negative electrode.
- an aluminum structure (aluminum porous body) having a resin molded body as a skeleton core is obtained.
- the resin and metal composite may be used as they are.
- the resin may be removed when it is used as a metal structure without resin due to restrictions on the use environment. Removal of the resin can be performed by any method such as decomposition (dissolution) with an organic solvent, molten salt, or supercritical water, and thermal decomposition.
- methods such as thermal decomposition at high temperature are simple, but involve oxidation of aluminum. Aluminum, unlike nickel or the like, is difficult to reduce once oxidized.
- a method of removing the resin by thermal decomposition in a molten salt described below is preferably used so that oxidation of aluminum does not occur.
- Thermal decomposition in the molten salt is performed by the following method.
- a foamed resin molded body with an aluminum plating layer having an aluminum plating layer formed on the surface is immersed in a molten salt, and heated while applying a negative potential to the aluminum layer to decompose the foamed resin molded body.
- a negative potential is applied while immersed in the molten salt, the oxidation reaction of aluminum can be prevented.
- the foamed resin molded body can be decomposed without oxidizing aluminum.
- heating temperature can be suitably selected according to the kind of foaming resin molding, in order not to melt aluminum, it is necessary to process at the temperature below melting
- a preferable temperature range is 500 ° C. or more and 600 ° C. or less.
- the amount of negative potential to be applied is on the minus side of the reduction potential of aluminum and on the plus side of the reduction potential of cations in the molten salt.
- molten salt used for the thermal decomposition of the resin a salt of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal halide that makes the electrode potential of aluminum base can be used.
- a salt of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal halide that makes the electrode potential of aluminum base can be used.
- LiCl lithium chloride
- KCl potassium chloride
- NaCl sodium chloride
- AlCl 3 aluminum chloride
- FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing an A-A ′ cross section of a portion (d) of FIG.
- the aluminum layer composed of the conductive layer 2 and the aluminum plating layer 3 has a cylindrical skeleton structure, and the cavity 4 in the skeleton structure has a substantially triangular cross-sectional shape.
- the thickness (t1) of the aluminum layer at the apex portion of the triangle is thicker than the thickness (t2) of the aluminum layer at the center portion of the triangular side.
- the skeleton structure has a substantially triangular cross-sectional shape, and the thickness of the aluminum layer at the apex portion of the triangle is thicker than the thickness of the aluminum layer at the central portion of the triangle. An aluminum structure is obtained.
- LiNiO 2 lithium cobaltate
- LiMn 2 O 4 lithium manganate
- LiNiO 2 lithium nickelate
- the active material is used in combination with a conductive additive and a binder.
- Conventional positive electrode materials for lithium ion batteries have an active material coated on the surface of an aluminum foil. In order to improve the battery capacity per unit area, the coating thickness of the active material is increased.
- the aluminum foil and the active material need to be in electrical contact with each other, so that the active material is used in a mixture with a conductive additive.
- the porous aluminum body of the present invention has a high porosity and a large surface area per unit area. Therefore, even if the active material is thinly supported on the surface of the porous body, the active material can be used effectively, the capacity of the battery can be improved, and the mixing amount of the conductive auxiliary agent can be reduced.
- a lithium ion battery uses the above positive electrode material as a positive electrode, graphite as the negative electrode, and organic electrolyte as the electrolyte. Since such a lithium ion battery can improve capacity even with a small electrode area, the energy density of the battery can be made higher than that of a conventional lithium ion battery.
- the aluminum porous body can also be used as an electrode material for a molten salt battery.
- a metal compound capable of intercalating cations of a molten salt serving as an electrolyte such as sodium chromite (NaCrO 2 ) and titanium disulfide (TiS 2 ) as an active material Is used.
- the active material is used in combination with a conductive additive and a binder.
- a conductive auxiliary agent acetylene black or the like can be used.
- the binder polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or the like can be used.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- the aluminum porous body can also be used as a negative electrode material for a molten salt battery.
- an aluminum porous body is used as a negative electrode material
- sodium alone, an alloy of sodium and another metal, carbon, or the like can be used as an active material.
- the melting point of sodium is about 98 ° C., and the metal softens as the temperature rises. Therefore, it is preferable to alloy sodium with other metals (Si, Sn, In, etc.). Of these, an alloy of sodium and Sn is particularly preferable because it is easy to handle.
- Sodium or a sodium alloy can be supported on the surface of the porous aluminum body by a method such as electrolytic plating or hot dipping.
- a metal alloy (such as Si) to be alloyed with sodium is attached to the aluminum porous body by a method such as plating, and then charged in a molten salt battery to form a sodium alloy.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a molten salt battery using the above-described battery electrode material.
- the molten salt battery includes a positive electrode 121 carrying a positive electrode active material on the surface of an aluminum skeleton part of an aluminum porous body, a negative electrode 122 carrying a negative electrode active material on the surface of the aluminum skeleton part of an aluminum porous body, and an electrolyte.
- a separator 123 impregnated with molten salt is housed in a case 127. Between the upper surface of the case 127 and the negative electrode, a pressing member 126 including a pressing plate 124 and a spring 125 that presses the pressing plate is disposed.
- the current collector (aluminum porous body) of the positive electrode 121 and the current collector (aluminum porous body) of the negative electrode 122 are connected to the positive electrode terminal 128 and the negative electrode terminal 129 by lead wires 130, respectively.
- molten salt As the electrolyte, various inorganic salts or organic salts that melt at the operating temperature can be used.
- alkali metals such as lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb) and cesium (Cs), beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca)
- strontium (Sr) and barium (Ba) can be used.
- the operating temperature of the battery can be made 90 ° C. or lower.
- the molten salt is used by impregnating the separator.
- a separator is for preventing a positive electrode and a negative electrode from contacting, and a glass nonwoven fabric, porous resin, etc. can be used for it.
- the above positive electrode, negative electrode, and separator impregnated with molten salt are stacked and housed in a case to be used as a battery.
- the aluminum porous body can also be used as an electrode material for an electric double layer capacitor.
- activated carbon or the like is used as an electrode active material.
- Activated carbon is used in combination with a conductive additive and a binder.
- a conductive aid graphite, carbon nanotubes, and the like can be used.
- the binder polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), styrene butadiene rubber or the like can be used.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of an electric double layer capacitor using the above electrode material for an electric double layer capacitor.
- an electrode material in which an electrode active material is supported on a porous aluminum body is disposed as a polarizable electrode 141.
- the electrode material 141 is connected to the lead wire 144, and the whole is housed in the case 145.
- an aluminum porous body as a current collector, the surface area of the current collector is increased, and an electric double layer capacitor capable of high output and high capacity can be obtained even when activated carbon as an active material is thinly applied. .
- the present invention is not limited to the foamed resin molded body, and an aluminum structure having an arbitrary shape can be obtained by using the resin molded body having an arbitrary shape. Can be obtained.
- Example Production of porous aluminum body: formation of aluminum layer by vapor deposition
- a production example of the aluminum porous body will be specifically described.
- a foamed resin molded body a urethane foam having a thickness of 1 mm, a porosity of 95%, and a pore number of about 20 per 1 cm was prepared and cut into 10 mm ⁇ 30 m square.
- Aluminum was deposited on the surface of the urethane foam to form a conductive layer having a thickness of about 0.3 ⁇ m.
- the urethane foam having a conductive layer formed on the surface was set in a jig having a power feeding function, and then immersed in a molten salt aluminum plating bath (67 mol% AlCl 3 -33 mol% EMIC) at a temperature of 40 ° C.
- a jig on which urethane foam was set was connected to the anode side of the rectifier, and an aluminum plate (purity 99.99%) of the counter electrode was connected to the cathode side.
- a direct current having a current density of 1 A / dm 2 was applied for 1 minute to perform anodic electrolysis. In the calculation of current density, the apparent area of the aluminum porous body is used.
- the aluminum purity was 99.1% by mass.
- the carbon content was measured by JIS-G1211 high frequency induction furnace combustion-infrared absorption method and found to be 0.8% by mass. Furthermore, as a result of EDX analysis of the surface at an acceleration voltage of 15 kV, almost no oxygen peak was observed, and it was confirmed that the oxygen content of the aluminum porous body was below the EDX detection limit (3.1 mass%). .
- a paste was prepared. The paste is filled in a porous aluminum body having a three-dimensional network structure and having a porosity of about 95%, and then vacuum-dried at 150 ° C., and further roll-pressed until the thickness reaches 70% of the initial thickness. (Positive electrode) was produced. This battery electrode material was punched out to 10 mm ⁇ , and fixed to a SUS304 coin battery container by spot welding. The positive electrode filling capacity was 2.4 mAh.
- LiCoO 2 , carbon black, and PVdF mixed paste were applied onto an aluminum foil having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m, and dried and roll-pressed in the same manner as described above to produce a battery electrode material (positive electrode).
- This battery electrode material was punched out to 10 mm ⁇ , and fixed to a SUS304 coin battery container by spot welding.
- the positive electrode filling capacity was 0.24 mAh.
- a polypropylene porous membrane having a thickness of 25 ⁇ m was used as a separator, and an EC / DEC (volume ratio 1: 1) solution in which 1M concentration of LiPF 6 was dissolved was added dropwise at 0.1 ml / cm 2 to the separator, and vacuum was applied. Impregnated.
- a lithium aluminum foil having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m and 11 mm ⁇ was used as the negative electrode, and was bonded and fixed to the upper cover of the coin battery container.
- the battery electrode material (positive electrode), separator, and negative electrode were laminated in this order, and a Viton O-ring was sandwiched between the upper lid and the lower lid to produce a battery.
- the upper limit voltage during heavy discharge was 4.2 V
- the lower limit voltage was 3.0 V
- after charging to the positive electrode charging capacity, discharging was performed at each discharge rate.
- the lithium secondary battery using the aluminum porous body as the positive electrode material had a capacity of about 5 times at a rate of 0.2 C compared with a conventional lithium foil battery electrode material.
- a conductive step of forming a conductive layer made of aluminum on the surface of the resin molded body, a plating step of plating aluminum in the first molten salt bath on the conductive resin molded body, and an aluminum plated layer are formed.
- the aluminum molded body is decomposed by heating the resin molded body to a temperature equal to or lower than the melting point of aluminum while applying a negative potential to the aluminum plating layer while the resin molded body is immersed in the second molten salt.
- Method Appendix 2 The method for producing a porous aluminum body according to appendix 1, wherein the resin molded body is a foamed resin molded body having continuous pores.
- (Appendix 3) An electrode material in which an active material is supported on the aluminum surface of an aluminum structure obtained by the present invention.
- (Appendix 4) A battery using the electrode material according to attachment 3 for one or both of a positive electrode and a negative electrode.
- (Appendix 5) An electric double layer capacitor using the electrode material according to attachment 3 as an electrode.
- (Appendix 6) The filtration filter which consists of an aluminum structure obtained by this invention.
- (Appendix 7) A catalyst carrier having a catalyst supported on the surface of an aluminum structure obtained by the present invention.
- the present invention it is possible to obtain a structure in which the surface of a resin molded body is plated with aluminum, and an aluminum structure from which the resin molded body is removed.
- the present invention can be widely applied to the case where the characteristics of aluminum are utilized in electric materials, filters for various types of filtration, catalyst carriers, and the like.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明によるアルミニウム構造体の製造工程を示すフロー図である。また図2は、フロー図に対応して樹脂成形体を芯材としてアルミニウム構造体を形成する様子を模式的に示したものである。両図を参照して製造工程全体の流れを説明する。まず基体樹脂成形体の準備101を行う。図2の(a)部分は、基体樹脂成形体の例として、連通気孔を有する発泡樹脂成形体の表面を拡大視した樹脂の断面の一部を示す拡大模式図である。発泡樹脂成形体1を骨格として気孔が形成されている。次に樹脂成形体表面の導電化102を行う。この工程により、図2の(b)部分に示すように樹脂成形体1の表面には、薄くアルミニウムからなる導電層2が形成される。続いて溶融塩中でのアルミニウムめっき103を行い、導電層が形成された樹脂成形体の表面にアルミニウムめっき層3を形成する(図2の(c)部分)。これで、基体樹脂成形体を基材として表面にアルミニウムめっき層3が形成されたアルミニウム構造体が得られる。さらに、基体樹脂成形体の除去104を行っても良い。発泡樹脂成形体1を分解等して消失させることにより金属層のみが残ったアルミニウム構造体(多孔体)を得ることができる(図2の(d)部分)。 以下各工程について順を追って説明する。
三次元網目構造を有し連通気孔を有する多孔質樹脂成形体を準備する。多孔質樹脂成形体の素材は、任意の樹脂を選択できる。ポリウレタン、メラミン、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン等の発泡樹脂成形体が素材として例示できる。発泡樹脂成形体と表記したが、連続した気孔(連通気孔)を有するものであれば任意の形状の樹脂成形体を選択できる。例えば繊維状の樹脂を絡めて不織布のような形状を有するものも発泡樹脂成形体に代えて使用可能である。発泡樹脂成形体の気孔率は、80%~98%、気孔径は、50μm~500μmとするのが好ましい。発泡ウレタン及び発泡メラミンは、気孔率が高く、また気孔の連通性があるとともに熱分解性にも優れているため発泡樹脂成形体として好ましく使用できる。
発泡ウレタンは、気孔の均一性や入手の容易さ等の点で好ましく、発泡ウレタンは、気孔径の小さなものが得られる点で好ましい。
気孔率=(1-(多孔質材の重量[g]/(多孔質材の体積[cm3]×素材密度)))×100[%]
また、気孔径は、樹脂成形体表面を顕微鏡写真等で拡大し、1インチ(25.4mm)あたりのセル数を計数して、平均孔径=25.4mm/セル数として平均的な値を求める。
まず発泡樹脂成形体の表面にアルミニウムからなる導電層を形成する。導電層の形成は、蒸着、スパッタ、プラズマCVD等の気相法、アルミニウム塗料の塗布等任意の方法で行うことができる。薄い膜を均一に形成できるため、蒸着法が好ましい。導電層の厚みは、0.05μm~1μm、好ましくは0.1μm~0.5μmとすることが好ましい。導電層の厚みが0.01μmよりも薄い場合は、導電化が不十分であり、次の工程で良好に電解めっきを行うことができない。また厚みが1μmを超えると導電化工程のコストが高くなる。
導電化処理は、発泡樹脂成形体を、アルミニウムを含む塗料に浸漬して行っても良い。塗料に含まれているアルミニウム成分が発泡樹脂成形体の表面に付着してアルミニウムからなる導電層が形成されることで、溶融塩中でめっき可能な導電状態となる。アルミニウムを含む塗料としては、例えば粒径10nm~1μmのアルミニウム微粒子を水または有機溶剤中に分散させた液を使用できる。発泡樹脂を塗料に浸漬した後加熱して溶剤を蒸発させることで導電層を形成できる。
上記工程で形成された導電層の上に、溶融塩めっきによりアルミニウムをめっきしてアルミニウムめっき層を形成する。このとき導電層の表面に酸化膜が存在すると、次のめっき工程においてアルミニウムの付着性が悪くなり、島状にアルミニウムが付着したり、アルミニウムめっき層の厚みにばらつきが生じる可能性がある。従ってめっき工程の前に陽極電解処理を行い、導電層(アルミニウム層)の表面に生成した酸化皮膜(酸化アルミニウム層)を溶解して除去することが好ましい。具体的には、導電化された樹脂成形体とアルミ板等の対極を溶融塩中に浸漬し、導電化された樹脂成形体(導電層)を陽極側に、対極を陰極として直流電流を印加する。溶融塩は、次の工程の溶融塩めっきと同じ物を使用しても良いし、別の物であっても良い。
導電層(アルミニウム層)の酸化を防ぐ別の手法として、導電層を形成した後、導電層つき樹脂成形体(導電化された樹脂成形体)を酸化雰囲気中に曝すことなく次の工程であるめっき工程に移動することが考えられる。例えばアルゴン雰囲気中に蒸着装置と溶融塩めっき装置を入れておき、アルゴン雰囲気中で蒸着による導電化工程を行った後、アルゴン雰囲気中でサンプルを次の工程に移送し、溶融塩めっきを行うことができる。このような手法により導電化工程で形成された導電層の表面を酸化させることなくめっきを行うことができる。
次に溶融塩中で電解めっきを行い、樹脂成形体表面にアルミニウムめっき層3を形成する。表面が導電化された樹脂成形体を陰極、純度99.99%のアルミニウム板を陽極として溶融塩中で直流電流を印加する。アルミニウムめっき層の厚みは、1μm~100μm、好ましくは5μm~20μmである。陽極電解処理とは逆に、導電化された樹脂成形体を陰極、対極を陽極として溶融塩中で直流電流を印加する。溶融塩としては、有機系ハロゲン化物とアルミニウムハロゲン化物の共晶塩である有機溶融塩、アルカリ金属のハロゲン化物とアルミニウムハロゲン化物の共晶塩である無機溶融塩を使用することができる。比較的低温で溶融する有機溶融塩浴を使用すると、基材である樹脂成形体を分解することなくめっきができ好ましい。有機系ハロゲン化物としては、イミダゾリウム塩、ピリジニウム塩等が使用できる。なかでも1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウムクロライド(EMIC)、ブチルピリジニウムクロライド(BPC)が好ましい。イミダゾリウム塩として、1,3位にアルキル基を持つイミダゾリウムカチオンを含む塩が好ましく用いられ、特に塩化アルミニウム、1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウムクロライド(AlCl3-EMIC)系溶融塩が、安定性が高く分解し難いことから最も好ましく用いられる。
このため、アルミニウムの酸化が起こらないように、以下に説明する溶融塩中での熱分解により樹脂を除去する方法が好ましく用いられる。
溶融塩中での熱分解は、以下の方法で行う。表面にアルミニウムめっき層を形成した、アルミニウムめっき層付き発泡樹脂成形体を溶融塩に浸漬し、該アルミニウム層に負電位を印加しながら加熱して発泡樹脂成形体を分解する。溶融塩に浸漬した状態で負電位を印加するとアルミニウムの酸化反応を防止できる。このような状態で加熱することでアルミニウムを酸化させることなく発泡樹脂成形体を分解することができる。加熱温度は、発泡樹脂成形体の種類に合わせて適宜選択できるが、アルミニウムを溶融させないためには、アルミニウムの融点(660℃)以下の温度で処理する必要がある。好ましい温度範囲は、500℃以上600℃以下である。また印加する負電位の量は、アルミニウムの還元電位よりマイナス側で、かつ溶融塩中のカチオンの還元電位よりプラス側とする。
次にアルミニウム多孔体を用いた電池用電極材料及び電池について説明する。例えばリチウムイオン電池の正極に使用する場合は、活物質としてコバルト酸リチウム(LiCoO2)、マンガン酸リチウム(LiMn2O4)、ニッケル酸リチウム(LiNiO2)等を使用する。活物質は、導電助剤及びバインダーと組み合わせて使用する。従来のリチウムイオン電池用正極材料は、アルミニウム箔の表面に活物質を塗布している。単位面積当たりの電池容量を向上するために、活物質の塗布厚みを厚くしている。また活物質を有効に利用するためには、アルミニウム箔と活物質とが電気的に接触している必要があるので活物質は、導電助剤と混合して用いられている。これに対し、本発明のアルミニウム多孔体は、気孔率が高く単位面積当たりの表面積が大きい。よって多孔体の表面に薄く活物質を担持させても活物質を有効に利用でき、電池の容量を向上できるとともに、導電助剤の混合量を少なくすることができる。リチウムイオン電池は、上記の正極材料を正極とし、負極には黒鉛、電解質には有機電解液を使用する。このようなリチウムイオン電池は、小さい電極面積でも容量を向上できるため、従来のリチウムイオン電池よりも電池のエネルギー密度を高くすることができる。
アルミニウム多孔体は、溶融塩電池用の電極材料として使用することもできる。アルミニウム多孔体を正極材料として使用する場合は、活物質として亜クロム酸ナトリウム(NaCrO2)、二硫化チタン(TiS2)等、電解質となる溶融塩のカチオンをインターカレーションすることができる金属化合物を使用する。活物質は、導電助剤及びバインダーと組み合わせて使用する。導電助剤としては、アセチレンブラック等が使用できる。またバインダーとしては、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)等を使用できる。活物質としてクロム酸ナトリウムを使用し、導電助剤としてアセチレンブラックを使用する場合には、PTFEは、この両者をより強固に固着することができ好ましい。
アルミニウム多孔体は、電気二重層コンデンサ用の電極材料として使用することもできる。アルミニウム多孔体を電気二重層コンデンサ用の電極材料として使用する場合は、電極活物質として活性炭等を使用する。活性炭は、導電助剤やバインダーと組み合わせて使用する。導電助剤としては、黒鉛、カーボンナノチューブ等が使用できる。またバインダーとしては、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)、スチレンブタジエンゴム等を使用できる。
以下、アルミニウム多孔体の製造例を具体的に説明する。発泡樹脂成形体として、厚み1mm、気孔率95%、1cm当たりの気孔数約20個のウレタン発泡体を準備し、10mm×30m角に切断した。ウレタン発泡体の表面にアルミニウムを蒸着し、厚み約0.3μmの導電層を形成した。
表面に導電層を形成したウレタン発泡体を、給電機能を有する治具にセットした後、温度40℃の溶融塩アルミめっき浴(67mol%AlCl3-33mol%EMIC)に浸漬した。ウレタン発泡体をセットした治具を整流器の陽極側に接続し、対極のアルミニウム板(純度99.99%)は、陰極側に接続した。電流密度1A/dm2の直流電流を1分間印加し、陽極電解を行った。なお電流密度の計算では、アルミニウム多孔体の見かけの面積を使用している。
表面に導電層を形成したウレタン発泡体を溶融塩アルミめっき浴に浸漬した状態で、整流器の陽極と陰極とを繋ぎ換えた後、温度を40℃とし、電流密度3.6A/dm2の直流電流を90分間印加してアルミニウムをめっきした。
アルミニウムめっき層を形成した発泡樹脂を温度500℃のLiCl-KCl共晶溶融塩に浸漬し、-1Vの負電位を30分間印加した。溶融塩中に気泡が発生し、ポリウレタンの分解反応が起こっていると推定された。その後大気中で室温まで冷却した後、水洗して溶融塩を除去しアルミニウム多孔体を得た。アルミニウムの付着量は150g/m2であった。得られたアルミニウム多孔体のSEM写真を図8に示す。
アルミニウム多孔体の実用上の評価例として電池用電極に用いた場合を、アルミニウム箔を電極とした従来構造との比較で説明する。
厚さ25μmのポリプロピレン製の多孔膜をセパレータとして使用し、1M濃度のLiPF6を溶解したEC/DEC(体積比1:1)溶液をセパレータに対して0.1ml/cm2で滴下し、真空含浸した。負極として、厚さ20μm、11mmφのリチウムアルミニウム箔を用い、コイン電池容器上蓋に接合して固定した。上記の電池用電極材料(正極)、セパレータ、負極をこの順で積層し、バイトンOリングを上蓋と下蓋との間に挟んでかしめ電池を作製した。重放電時の上限電圧を4.2V、下限電圧を3.0Vとし、正極充填容量まで充電後、各放電レートで放電させた。アルミニウム多孔体を正極材料として用いたリチウム二次電池は、従来のアルミニウム箔を電極材料としたものと比較して、レート0.2Cにおいて約5倍の容量であった。
(付記1)
樹脂成形体の表面にアルミニウムからなる導電層を形成する導電化工程と、該導電化された樹脂成形体にアルミニウムを第1の溶融塩浴中でめっきするめっき工程と、アルミニウムめっき層が形成された樹脂成形体を第2の溶融塩に浸漬した状態で、該アルミニウムめっき層に負電位を印加しながらアルミニウムの融点以下の温度に加熱して前記樹脂成形体を分解する、アルミニウム構造体の製造方法。
(付記2)
前記樹脂成形体は、連続した気孔を有する発泡樹脂成形体である、付記1に記載のアルミニウム多孔体の製造方法。
(付記3)
本発明により得られるアルミニウム構造体のアルミニウム表面に活物質が担持された電極材料。
(付記4)
付記3に記載の電極材料を、正極、負極の一方又は両方に用いた電池。
(付記5)
付記3に記載の電極材料を電極として用いた電気二重層コンデンサ。
(付記6)
本発明により得られるアルミニウム構造体からなる濾過フィルタ。
(付記7)
本発明により得られるアルミニウム構造体の表面に触媒が担持された触媒担体。
21a,21b めっき槽、22 帯状樹脂、23,28 めっき浴、24 円筒状電極25,27 正電極、26 電極ローラ
121 正極、122負極、123セパレータ、124押え板
125 バネ、126 押圧部材、127 ケース、128 正極端子
129 負極端子、130 リード線
141 分極性電極、142 セパレータ、143 有機電解液
144 リード線、145 ケース
Claims (13)
- 樹脂成形体の表面にアルミニウムからなる導電層を形成する導電化工程と、該導電化された樹脂成形体にアルミニウムを溶融塩浴中でめっきするめっき工程とを備えるアルミニウム構造体の製造方法。
- 前記導電化工程と前記めっき工程との間に、該導電層を陽極として電解処理する陽極電解工程を備える、請求項1に記載のアルミニウム構造体の製造方法。
- 前記導電化工程と前記めっき工程との間で、前記導電化された樹脂を酸化雰囲気中に曝すことなく工程間移送する、請求項1に記載のアルミニウム構造体の製造方法。
- 前記導電化工程は、気相法により前記樹脂成形体表面にアルミニウムを付着する工程である請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のアルミニウム構造体の製造方法。
- 前記導電化工程は、前記樹脂成形体を、アルミニウムを含む塗料に浸漬することで前記樹脂表面にアルミニウムを付着する工程である請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のアルミニウム構造体の製造方法。
- 前記樹脂成形体は、三次元網目構造を有する樹脂多孔体である、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のアルミニウム構造体の製造方法。
- 前記樹脂成形体は、ウレタンまたはメラミンである、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のアルミニウム構造体の製造方法。
- 前記めっき工程の後に、さらに前記樹脂成形体を除去する工程を有する、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載のアルミニウム構造体の製造方法。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法により製造されたアルミニウム構造体。
- 金属層として1μm~100μmの厚さのアルミニウム層からなるアルミニウム構造体であって、該金属層は、アルミニウムの純度が99.0%以上、カーボン含有量が1.0%以下、残部不可避不純物からなるアルミニウム構造体。
- さらに前記金属層を表面に備えた樹脂成形体を有する、請求項10に記載のアルミニウム構造体。
- 前記アルミニウム層が筒状の骨格構造をなし、全体として連続した気孔を有する多孔体を形成してなる、請求項10または11に記載のアルミニウム構造体。
- 前記骨格構造が略三角断面形状をなし、該三角の頂点の部分のアルミニウム層の厚さが該三角の辺の中央部分のアルミニウム層の厚さよりも厚い形状である、請求項12に記載のアルミニウム構造体。
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US (1) | US20120067731A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2562278A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5663938B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20130079308A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102666887B (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2781170A1 (ja) |
TW (1) | TW201207162A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2011132539A1 (ja) |
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JP5696648B2 (ja) * | 2011-11-21 | 2015-04-08 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 溶融塩電池の製造方法 |
JP2013114795A (ja) * | 2011-11-25 | 2013-06-10 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | アルミニウム多孔体を集電体として用いた電極及びその製造方法 |
US9040144B2 (en) | 2012-09-04 | 2015-05-26 | National Tsing Hua University | Filtering film structure |
JP5582371B1 (ja) | 2013-02-26 | 2014-09-03 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | アルミニウム多孔体、伝熱材料及び熱交換装置 |
JP2014237873A (ja) * | 2013-06-07 | 2014-12-18 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 溶融塩の製造方法、溶融塩及びアルミニウムの製造方法 |
JP2014237606A (ja) * | 2013-06-07 | 2014-12-18 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 溶融塩の製造方法、溶融塩及びアルミニウムの製造方法 |
CN105406229B (zh) * | 2015-12-24 | 2018-07-03 | 贵州航天计量测试技术研究所 | 一种复合泡沫金属接触件 |
WO2019163256A1 (ja) * | 2018-02-22 | 2019-08-29 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 金属多孔体 |
CN108520833B (zh) * | 2018-03-16 | 2019-09-17 | 江苏中天科技股份有限公司 | 多孔铝宏观体及其制造系统与方法 |
JPWO2020039693A1 (ja) | 2018-08-24 | 2021-08-10 | 富山住友電工株式会社 | 金属多孔体および金属多孔体の製造方法 |
US11189837B2 (en) | 2018-08-29 | 2021-11-30 | Sumitomo Electric Toyama Co., Ltd. | Metal porous body and method for manufacturing metal porous body |
WO2020250539A1 (ja) | 2019-06-12 | 2020-12-17 | 富山住友電工株式会社 | 梱包体および梱包体の製造方法 |
WO2021049088A1 (ja) | 2019-09-12 | 2021-03-18 | 富山住友電工株式会社 | 金属多孔体および金属多孔体の製造方法 |
CN113840947A (zh) | 2020-03-27 | 2021-12-24 | 富山住友电工株式会社 | 金属多孔体及金属多孔体的制造方法 |
WO2022059491A1 (ja) | 2020-09-17 | 2022-03-24 | 富山住友電工株式会社 | 金属多孔体および金属多孔体の製造方法、並びにフィルター |
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- 2011-04-07 WO PCT/JP2011/058782 patent/WO2011132539A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2011-04-07 EP EP11771875.9A patent/EP2562278A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-04-07 KR KR1020127012836A patent/KR20130079308A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-04-07 CA CA2781170A patent/CA2781170A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-04-12 TW TW100112606A patent/TW201207162A/zh unknown
- 2011-09-20 US US13/237,218 patent/US20120067731A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2562278A1 (en) | 2013-02-27 |
TW201207162A (en) | 2012-02-16 |
EP2562278A4 (en) | 2015-12-16 |
CN102666887A (zh) | 2012-09-12 |
US20120067731A1 (en) | 2012-03-22 |
KR20130079308A (ko) | 2013-07-10 |
JP5663938B2 (ja) | 2015-02-04 |
CN102666887B (zh) | 2015-04-22 |
JP2011225950A (ja) | 2011-11-10 |
CA2781170A1 (en) | 2011-10-27 |
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