WO2011093334A1 - 成膜方法、成膜装置、および該成膜装置の制御装置 - Google Patents
成膜方法、成膜装置、および該成膜装置の制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011093334A1 WO2011093334A1 PCT/JP2011/051487 JP2011051487W WO2011093334A1 WO 2011093334 A1 WO2011093334 A1 WO 2011093334A1 JP 2011051487 W JP2011051487 W JP 2011051487W WO 2011093334 A1 WO2011093334 A1 WO 2011093334A1
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- substrate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/225—Oblique incidence of vaporised material on substrate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/34—Sputtering
- C23C14/3492—Variation of parameters during sputtering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/34—Sputtering
- C23C14/35—Sputtering by application of a magnetic field, e.g. magnetron sputtering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/56—Apparatus specially adapted for continuous coating; Arrangements for maintaining the vacuum, e.g. vacuum locks
- C23C14/564—Means for minimising impurities in the coating chamber such as dust, moisture, residual gases
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/34—Gas-filled discharge tubes operating with cathodic sputtering
- H01J37/3402—Gas-filled discharge tubes operating with cathodic sputtering using supplementary magnetic fields
- H01J37/3405—Magnetron sputtering
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/34—Gas-filled discharge tubes operating with cathodic sputtering
- H01J37/3411—Constructional aspects of the reactor
- H01J37/3447—Collimators, shutters, apertures
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a film forming method, a film forming apparatus (for example, a sputtering apparatus) used for depositing a material on a substrate in a manufacturing process of a semiconductor device or a magnetic storage medium, and a control device for the film forming apparatus.
- a film forming apparatus for example, a sputtering apparatus
- a control device for the film forming apparatus for example, a sputtering apparatus
- the sputtering phenomenon is a phenomenon in which sputtered particles (neutral particles) are generated from the target by causing high energy ions to enter the target, and the sputtered particles are deposited on the substrate.
- an openable / closable shielding plate called a shutter is usually provided between a target and a substrate.
- the film formation start timing is controlled so that the film formation process is not started until the plasma state in the vacuum vessel is stabilized. That is, the shutter is closed so that film formation is not performed on the substrate until a high voltage is applied to the target and plasma is generated until it is stabilized. Then, after the plasma is stabilized, the shutter is opened to start film formation.
- a stable plasma can be used to form a film on the substrate with high controllability, so that a high-quality film can be formed.
- Patent Document 1 the self-bias voltage induced in the target is detected, and when the self-bias is stabilized, the shutter disposed between the substrate and the target is opened to improve the film quality and film thickness reproducibility.
- a high-frequency sputtering apparatus and method capable of forming an excellent thin film are disclosed.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a sputtering apparatus in which a sputtering cathode is provided with a cylindrical cathode cover that surrounds the side of the sputtering surface, and the shutter that can be opened and closed is provided at the open end of the cathode cover. .
- the sputtering apparatus of the cited document 2 it is possible to reduce the amount of sputtered particles during discharge in a state where the shutter is closed before starting film formation, such as target cleaning.
- Patent Document 1 when a self-bias is stabilized, a thin film having excellent film quality and film thickness reproducibility is opened by opening a shutter disposed between the substrate and the target. Although a film is possible, there is no mention of particle reduction on the substrate.
- the film forming apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 2 is also improved in spattering of sputtered particles with the shutter closed, but the problem of particles on the substrate when the film is formed with the shutter opened. Is not mentioned. In the production of semiconductor devices and magnetic storage media that have been miniaturized and thinned in recent years, the influence of particles has been increasing, and for this reason, reduction of particles is required.
- a first aspect of the present invention is a film forming method for forming a film on a substrate by sputtering a target, which is applied to a target holder holding the target at the time of film formation from a power source connected to the target holder. Applying a first power smaller than the film forming power to cause a discharge in the first discharge space, and continuing the discharge caused in the first step, A second step of changing the first discharge space to a second discharge space larger than the first discharge space, and the second discharge space from the power source to the target holder than the first power. A third step of applying a large second power; and a fourth step of opening the substrate shielded against the second space into the second discharge space. And wherein the door.
- the second aspect of the present invention is a film forming apparatus, comprising: a target holder for holding a target; a power applying means for applying power to the target holder; and a substrate holder for holding the substrate.
- a shield having a hollow portion configured to surround the target holder and grounded, the shield having an opening for communicating the hollow portion with the outside of the shield, and the opening Is configured to be movable between a first position that shields between the target holder and the substrate holder and a second position that does not shield between the target holder and the substrate holder.
- a gap between the target holder and the substrate holder is provided by covering at least a first holding member and a substrate holding surface of the substrate holder.
- a second shielding member configured to be movable between a third position to be shielded and a fourth position not shielding between the target holder and the substrate holder; the power application unit; And control means for controlling the movement of the second shielding member, wherein the control means is such that the first shielding member is located at the first position and the second shielding member is the third shielding member.
- the power applying means is controlled so as to apply a first power smaller than a film forming power applied at the time of film formation to the target holder in a state where the second shielding member is
- the movement of the first shielding member is controlled so as to move the first shielding member from the first position to the second position in a state of being located at the third position, and then the target holder
- the first power Wherein the is also configured to control the power applying means to apply a large second power.
- the third aspect of the present invention surrounds the target holder, a target holder for holding the target, power applying means for applying power to the target holder, a substrate holder for holding the substrate, and the target holder.
- a shield having a hollow portion configured to be grounded, the shield having an opening for communicating the hollow portion with the outside of the shield, and the target holder by covering the opening
- a first shielding member configured to be movable between a first position that shields between the substrate holder and the substrate holder, and a second position that does not shield between the target holder and the substrate holder;
- a second shielding member configured to be movable between a fourth position that does not shield between the target holder and the substrate holder.
- the deposition power applied to the target holder during deposition A means for controlling the power application means so as to apply a small first power, and applying the first power to the target holder, so that the space between the hollow portion and the first shielding member The first shielding member is moved from the first position to the second position in a state where the second shielding member is located at the third position while continuing the discharge caused in the first discharge space.
- the first shielding member is located at the second position, and the second shielding member is located at the third position, And a means for controlling the power application means so as to apply a second power larger than the first power to the target holder.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a sputtering apparatus 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the sputter deposition apparatus 1 includes a vacuum chamber 2 having a gate valve 42 that can be evacuated, an exhaust chamber 8 provided adjacent to the vacuum chamber 2 through an exhaust port, and a vacuum chamber through the exhaust chamber 8. 2 is provided.
- the exhaust device has a turbo molecular pump 48 connected to the exhaust chamber 8 via a main valve 47. Further, a dry pump 49 is further connected to the turbo molecular pump 48 of the exhaust device. The reason why the exhaust device is provided below the exhaust chamber 8 is to make the footprint (occupied area) of the entire device as small as possible.
- a target holder 6 for holding the target 4 via the back plate 5 is provided in the vacuum chamber 2, a target holder 6 for holding the target 4 via the back plate 5 is provided.
- a target shutter 14 having an opening is installed so as to cover the target holder 6.
- the target shutter 14 is made of a conductive metal such as Al or SUS, and is grounded.
- the target shutter 14 has a rotating shutter structure.
- the target shutter 14 is shielded for a closed state (shielded state) that shields between the substrate holder 7 and the target holder 6 or an open state (retracted state) that opens between the substrate holder 7 and the target holder 6. Functions as a member. That is, the target shutter 14 is closed when the target shutter 14 is located at the first position where the target shutter 6 and the substrate holder 7 are shielded.
- the target shutter 14 When the target shutter 14 is positioned at the first position, the opening of the chimney 9 (the opening for connecting the hollow portion of the chimney 9 and the outside of the chimney 9) is covered with the target shutter 14, and the target shutter 14 is covered.
- the holder 6 is shielded from the substrate holder 7.
- the target shutter 14 is in the open state when it is located at the second position that does not shield the target holder 6 and the substrate holder 7.
- the target shutter 14 can be opened by aligning the opening of the target shutter 14 between the target 4 placed on the target holder 6 and the substrate 10 placed on the substrate holder 7.
- the target shutter 14 is provided with a target shutter drive mechanism 33 for opening and closing the target shutter 14.
- a chimney 9 that is a cylindrical shield is attached around the target holder 6 in the space between the target holder 6 and the target shutter 14 so as to surround the target holder 6.
- the magnetron discharge space in front of the sputtering surface of the target 4 attached to the target holder 6 is surrounded by the chimney 9 and opens to the opening of the target shutter 14 when the shutter is open.
- the target shutter 14 is configured to be rotatable. However, the target shutter 14 is set at the first position and the second position so as to establish the closed state and the open state of the target shutter 14. Any configuration may be adopted as long as it can move between the two.
- the target shutter 14 may be configured to be slidable, and the target shutter 14 may be moved by sliding between the first position and the second position.
- the target shutter 14 is closed. If the gas is introduced, the pressure on the front surface of the target can be quickly increased, so that it is easy to start discharge quickly during discharge under low pressure. Therefore, there is an effect of improving the throughput.
- a plurality of targets can be attached and switched for use.
- the target shutter 14 and the chimney 9 are also used for the purpose of preventing or reducing cross-contamination among a plurality of targets. That is, in this case, the target shutter 14 has a function of blocking other target holders from a discharge space (a space in which plasma discharge occurs) between the target holder 6 and the substrate holder 7 that are opened.
- the chimney 9 is formed using a conductive material such as Al and is grounded.
- the chimney 9 is desirable from the viewpoint of holding the sputtered particles adhering to the surface of the target facing the target by blasting or spraying. It is further desirable that the surface of the chimney 9 facing the target is coated with at least an insulating material such as alumina or yttria by thermal spraying, for example. Since the surface facing the target of the chimney 9 as a member surrounding the target 4 is coated with at least alumina spraying, the surface potential of the chimney 9 becomes closer to the plasma potential than when not coated with alumina spraying.
- a magnetron discharge space can be formed in the hollow portion of the chimney 9 by covering at least the surface facing the target of the chimney 9 with an insulating film (for example, an insulating film formed by alumina spraying)
- an insulating film for example, an insulating film formed by alumina spraying
- the surface potential of the chimney 9 can be brought close to the potential of the plasma generated in the magnetron discharge space. Therefore, since the impact by the charged particles in the plasma is suppressed, the particles can be further reduced.
- the surface which faces the target of the chimney 9 is coated with at least alumina spraying, abnormal discharge generated between the chimney 9 and the target 4 can be suppressed, so that particles can be further reduced. .
- a first power smaller than a film formation power applied at the time of film formation is applied to a target holder holding a target from a power source connected to the target holder, and the first discharge is performed.
- the effect of reducing the particles is not limited to this method.
- the surface of the chimney 9 facing the target 4 is coated by at least the thermal spraying of the insulating film. In this case, an effect of reducing particles can be obtained, and a remarkable effect can be obtained by combining the power application method of the present embodiment.
- a magnet 13 for realizing magnetron sputtering is disposed behind the target 4 as viewed from the sputtering surface.
- the magnet 13 is held by the magnet holder 3 and can be rotated by a magnet holder rotating mechanism (not shown). In order to make the erosion of the target uniform, the magnet 13 rotates during discharge.
- the target 4 is installed at a position (offset position) disposed obliquely above the substrate 10. That is, the center point of the sputtering surface of the target 4 is at a position that is shifted by a predetermined dimension with respect to the normal line of the center point of the substrate 10.
- the target holder 6 is connected to a power supply 12 for applying sputtering discharge power.
- the target holder 6 When a voltage is applied to the target holder 6 by the power source 12, discharge is started and sputtered particles are deposited on the substrate.
- the distance between the intersection point where the normal line of the plane including the upper surface of the substrate holder 7 passing through the center of the target 4 intersects the plane and the center point of the target 4 is defined as the T / S distance (see FIG. 1), this example Then, it is 240 mm. Since an RF power source is used as a power source, a matching unit (not shown) is installed between the power source 12 and the target holder 6.
- the target holder 6 is insulated from the vacuum chamber 2 at the ground potential by the insulator 34, and is made of a metal such as Cu, so that it becomes an electrode when electric power is applied.
- the target holder 6 has a water channel (not shown) inside, and is configured to be cooled by cooling water supplied from a water pipe (not shown).
- the target 4 includes material components that are desired to be deposited on the substrate 10.
- the back plate 5 installed between the target 4 and the target holder 6 is made of a metal such as Cu and holds the target 4.
- a substrate holder 7 for placing the substrate 10 and a substrate shutter 19 provided between the substrate holder 7 and the target holder 6 are provided.
- the substrate shutter 19 is supported by a substrate shutter support mechanism 20, and the substrate shutter support mechanism 20 is connected to a substrate shutter drive mechanism 32 that opens and closes the substrate shutter 19.
- the substrate shutter 19 is disposed in the vicinity of the substrate holder 7 and is in a closed state in which the space between the substrate holder 7 and the target holder 6 is shielded or in an open state in which the space between the substrate holder 7 and the target holder 6 is opened. Functions as a shielding member.
- the substrate shutter 19 is closed when the substrate shutter 19 is positioned at the third position where the space between the target holder 6 and the substrate holder 7 is shielded. Since the substrate shutter 19 is positioned at the third position, the substrate shutter 19 covers at least the substrate holding surface on which the substrate of the substrate holder 9 is held, and the substrate 10 is on the target shutter 14 side (for example, described later). The second discharge space is shielded. On the other hand, the substrate shutter 19 is opened when it is positioned at the fourth position where the gap between the target holder 6 and the substrate holder 7 is not shielded.
- the substrate shutter 19 is configured to be rotatable, but the substrate shutter 19 is moved to the third position and the fourth position so as to establish the closed state and the open state of the substrate shutter 19. Any configuration may be adopted as long as it can move between the two.
- the substrate shutter 19 may be configured to be slidable, and the substrate shutter 19 may be moved by sliding between the third position and the fourth position.
- the inner surface of the vacuum chamber 2 is grounded.
- a grounded chamber shield 40 is provided on the inner surface of the vacuum chamber 2 between the target shutter 14 and the substrate holder 7.
- the chamber shield here is formed separately from the vacuum chamber 2 to prevent the sputtered particles emitted from the target 4 from directly adhering to the inner surface of the vacuum chamber 2 and to protect the inner surface of the vacuum chamber 2.
- the chamber shield 40 is positioned so as to at least surround the space between the opening of the target shutter 14 and the position where the substrate shutter 19 can shield.
- the grounded chamber shield 40 can act as a ground electrode for the target 4 and the target holder 6 to which high-frequency power is applied. Further, it is more desirable from the viewpoint of plasma stability that the chamber shield 40 is positioned so as to surround the space between the opening of the target shutter 14 and the substrate holder 7.
- a shielding member having a ring shape (hereinafter also referred to as “substrate peripheral cover ring 21”) is provided on the surface of the substrate holder 7 and on the outer edge side (outer peripheral portion) of the mounting portion of the substrate 10.
- the substrate peripheral cover ring 21 prevents or reduces the adhesion of sputtered particles to a place other than the film formation surface of the substrate 10 placed on the substrate holder 7.
- the place other than the film formation surface includes the side surface and the back surface of the substrate 10 in addition to the surface of the substrate holder 7 covered by the substrate peripheral cover ring 21.
- the substrate holder 7 is provided with a substrate holder drive mechanism 31 for moving the substrate holder 7 up and down or rotating at a predetermined speed.
- the substrate holder drive mechanism 31 can move the substrate holder 7 up and down.
- the vacuum chamber 2 measures the first gas inlet 15 for introducing an inert gas into the vacuum chamber 2, the second gas inlet 17 for introducing a reactive gas, and the pressure of the vacuum chamber 2.
- the first gas introduction port 15 is a pipe for introducing an inert gas (for example, argon, krypton, xenon, neon, etc.), a mass flow controller for controlling the flow rate of the inert gas, and the flow of the inert gas. It is connected to valves for starting and starting, and is configured so that a gas having a flow rate specified by a control device (not shown) can be stably introduced into the vacuum chamber 2.
- the 1st gas inlet 15 may be connected to a pressure-reduction valve, a filter, etc. as needed.
- the first gas inlet 15 is located in the vicinity of the target 4.
- the first gas inlet 15 is configured to be able to introduce an inert gas toward the magnetron discharge space in front of the target 4.
- the second gas introduction port 17 is a pipe for introducing a reactive gas (for example, nitrogen, oxygen, etc.), a mass flow controller for controlling the flow rate of the reactive gas, and blocking or starting the flow of the reactive gas. And is configured so that a gas having a flow rate specified by a control device (not shown) can be stably introduced into the vacuum chamber 2. Further, the second gas introduction port 17 may be connected to a pressure reducing valve, a filter or the like as necessary. The second gas introduction port 17 is located in the vicinity of the substrate 10.
- a reactive gas for example, nitrogen, oxygen, etc.
- the sputter deposition apparatus 1 includes a controller con as a control means, controls the drive mechanisms 32 and 33 of the shutters 14 and 19 and the power supply 12 to open and close the shutters 14 and 19 and increase or decrease the power at a predetermined timing.
- the controller con of the sputter deposition apparatus 1 includes, for example, a storage unit 81 that stores a program of the method according to the present embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2 and an arithmetic processing unit 82 that performs arithmetic processing of process control. The method of the present embodiment can be executed according to the program shown in FIG.
- the arithmetic processing unit 81 can be configured by, for example, a personal computer (PC), a PLC, a microcomputer, or the like.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart of the film forming method of the present embodiment
- FIG. 3 is a state diagram (timing chart) of each apparatus when the method is applied.
- a film forming method according to this embodiment when the apparatus of FIG. 1 is used will be described with reference to FIGS.
- the target shutter 14 also referred to as “first shutter”
- the controller con controls the target shutter drive mechanism 33 so that the target shutter 14 is shielded between the target holder 6 and the substrate holder 7 by the target shutter 14.
- the target shutter 14 is closed by rotating.
- the target holder 6 is surrounded by the chimney 9, the space surrounded by the target shutter 14, the chimney 9, and the target 4 becomes the first discharge space by the closed state.
- the first discharge space smaller than the discharge space (second discharge space described later) at the time of subsequent film formation, it is possible to facilitate discharge at the time of ignition.
- the substrate shutter 19 (also referred to as “second shutter”) is also closed. That is, the substrate shutter 19 is located at the third position. Therefore, when the substrate shutter 19 is in the open state, the controller con controls the substrate shutter drive mechanism 32 so that the substrate shutter 19 is shielded between the target holder 6 and the substrate holder 7 by the substrate shutter 19. Rotate to close the substrate shutter 19.
- the controller con controls the power supply 12 and applies the first power (electric power) to the target holder 6 holding the target 4.
- the first power application causes discharge in the first discharge space.
- the applied power (first power) of the first step S31 may be any power that is smaller than the film forming power, and may be any level that can start discharge stably.
- the controller con controls the target shutter drive mechanism 33 to open and close between the target 4 and the substrate 10. Open the shutter (target shutter 14). That is, the target shutter drive mechanism 33 rotates the first shutter to move the first shutter from the first position to the second position, and the target holder 6 (that is, the target 4) is moved to the substrate.
- the target shutter 14 Open to the holder 7 side (the target shutter 14 is opened).
- the target shutter 14 for example, discharge can be performed even in the region between the target holder 6 and the substrate holder 7 in the vacuum chamber 2. Therefore, by the second step S2, the discharge space is changed from the first discharge space to a second discharge space larger than the first discharge space.
- the controller com controls the power source 12 to increase the power applied to the target holder 6 from the first power to a second power larger than the first power. It is desirable to increase the applied power (second power) in the third step S3 to the film forming power for the stability of film formation on the next substrate.
- the controller com controls the substrate shutter drive mechanism 32 to open and close a second shutter (substrate that can be opened and closed) located closer to the substrate 10 than the first shutter (target shutter 14). The shutter 19) is opened and film formation on the substrate 10 is started.
- the substrate shutter drive mechanism 32 rotates the second shutter to move the second shutter from the third position to the fourth position, and moves the substrate holder 7 (ie, the substrate 10) to the target. Open to the holder 6 side (the substrate shutter 19 is opened). Thus, by opening the substrate holder 7, the substrate holder 7 (that is, the substrate 10) is opened to the second discharge space. Accordingly, the sputtered particles can reach the substrate 10 and film formation is performed on the substrate 10. By starting the film formation in such a flow, remarkable particle reduction can be performed.
- the film formation start flow performed in the present embodiment and the circumstances in which remarkable particle reduction obtained as a result can be described will be described.
- the discharge space in front of the target 4 is surrounded by the chimney 9 and gas is introduced into the discharge space (first discharge space) with the first shutter (target shutter 14) closed, and the target holder 6
- the plasma is confined in the target 4, chimney 9 and target shutter 14.
- the chimney 9 and the target shutter 14 function as a ground electrode. Since the target shutter 14 has a structure that is rotated by a driving mechanism, the chimney 9 may be considered to be grounded, although it is not always completely grounded in terms of high frequency.
- the area of the surface of the target 4 facing the plasma through the sheath is defined as the high-frequency applying electrode area.
- the ground electrode area is the total area of the inner wall surface of the chimney 9 and the surface of the target shutter 14 facing the target 4 even if it is considered to be the largest.
- the ground electrode area is relatively small with respect to the high-frequency applied electrode area, not only the target 4 but also the chimney 9 and the target shutter 14 may be applied with a voltage that cannot be ignored. The voltage in this case is due to the difference between the plasma potential and the electrode.
- the larger the area of the ground electrode with respect to the high-frequency applied electrode area the smaller the potential difference between the plasma potential and the ground electrode.
- the area of the ground electrode approaches the area of the high-frequency applied electrode, sometimes the same voltage as that applied to the high-frequency applied electrode (here, the target 4) is applied to the ground electrode. There is.
- the target shutter 14 is opened (when the target shutter 14 is opened), the plasma spreads between the target shutter 14 and the chamber shield 40.
- the area of the high-frequency application electrode is constant, the area of the ground electrode as viewed from the plasma varies greatly depending on whether the target shutter 14 is closed (closed state) or opened (open state).
- “high-frequency applied electrode area / ground electrode area” has a relationship of “when the target shutter 14 is closed (closed state)”> “when the target shutter 14 is opened (open state)”. become.
- An increase in the ground electrode area with respect to the high-frequency applied electrode area has the effect of reducing the voltage applied to the ground electrode.
- the discharge is started with the lowest possible applied power (power) as the first power at this time, the potential difference between the chimney 9 as the ground electrode and the plasma generated in the first discharge space can be reduced. Particle generation due to ion bombardment on the chimney 9 surface and the target facing surface of the target shutter 14 can be reduced.
- the ground electrode includes the chimney 9, the target shutter 14, and the chamber shield 40. Therefore, when the target shutter 14 is opened, the high-frequency applying electrode area does not change, but the discharge space becomes a second discharge space larger than the first discharge space, and the ground electrode area increases. Therefore, the potential difference between the plasma potential and the potential of the ground electrode can be reduced, and ions can be prevented from being incident on the inner surface of the chimney 9 or the surface of the chamber shield 40 with a problem energy.
- the substrate shutter 19 is released from the closed state, there is no significant change in the ratio of the ground electrode area to the high-frequency applied electrode area as when the target shutter 14 is released from the closed state, so that the problem of particle increase is almost caused. Absent.
- the offset-arranged sputtering apparatus is described, but this is not necessarily a necessary condition in order to obtain the effect of the present invention.
- the effect of the present invention is a configuration in which at least two shielding members (for example, shutters) are required, and at least one shielding member is provided in the vicinity of the target, and at least one other shielding member is provided in the vicinity of the substrate. Is applicable. Especially in long throw sputtering where the distance between the target and the substrate is long, the distance between the shielding member near the target and the shielding member near the substrate, or the distance between the shielding member near the target and the substrate placed on the substrate holder. Becomes larger. Therefore, since the change in the contact area when the shielding member in the vicinity of the target is opened is large, the effect is great.
- Shielding member for example, chimney
- the shielding member for example, shutter
- the shape is not limited to this embodiment as long as it has the function. That is, the shield such as the chimney is a member having a hollow portion configured to surround the target holder, and an opening for communicating the hollow portion with the outside. There may be. The opening is selectively shielded by a shielding member such as a target shutter.
- the applied power when changing the target shutter 14 from the closed state to the open state is important. This is because the increase in particles can be suppressed as the applied power is smaller. Perhaps the cause is that the larger the applied power when the target shutter 14 is released from the closed state, the more the plasma state changes.
- the horizontal axis represents time
- the vertical axis represents the open / close state of the first shutter, the open / close state of the second shutter, and the state of applied power from the power supply 12 to the target holder 6.
- a first power for example, 100 W
- second power the film formation power
- the first shutter is opened at time T2 (second step S2).
- the first power applied at time T2 is smaller than the second power, which is the film formation power, and is a power that can start discharge stably for particle reduction.
- the applied power is increased to the second power (third step S3).
- the second power is desirably a deposition power (for example, 800 W) used in the deposition process.
- the second shutter is opened, and the film forming process is started (fourth step S4).
- the increase in applied power in the third step S3 is a slow-up stepwise or continuously. This is because, by slowing up stepwise or continuously, the burden on the power source 12 can be reduced, and the matching by the matching machine can be performed stably. Since the plasma impedance differs between low power and high power, the matching machine must take different parameters.
- the parameter adjustment is generally performed by automatically changing the variable capacitor capacity and the like in hardware. If the power is significantly changed, the change of the variable capacitor capacity and the like is also increased. Therefore, a time lag occurs until the optimum value is reached, and the plasma may become unstable during that time.
- the increase in applied power is slowed up stepwise or continuously.
- the amount of time required for the slow-up may be within the range allowed by the product throughput and within the range where the performance of the matching machine or the like can follow.
- the first power may be a low power that can start discharging stably and does not increase the potential difference. If the requirement is satisfied, the first power may be increased or decreased stepwise or continuously from time T1 to time T2 in FIG.
- Example 10 RF sputtering was performed using Al 2 O 3 on the target and chimney (cylindrical shield) 9 whose surface facing the target was coated with alumina spray. Argon was used as an inert gas introduced from the first gas inlet 15.
- the RF power (second power) during film formation on the substrate 10 was 800 W.
- the setting at the start of power application was set to 100 W (first power).
- the first shutter was opened (second step S2).
- the applied power was increased to 800 W (second power) during substrate deposition (third step S3).
- the second shutter was opened and film formation on the substrate was started (fourth step S4).
- the number of particles on the deposited substrate was 19, and as can be seen from a comparison with a comparative example described later, the reduction in the number of particles was realized by the present invention.
- RF sputtering was performed using Al 2 O 3 on the target and a chimney (cylindrical shield) whose surface facing the target was coated with alumina spraying.
- Argon was used as an inert gas as in the above example.
- the RF power during film formation on the substrate was 800 W. After setting the RF power to 800 W and applying the power, the first shutter was opened, and then the second shutter was opened to form a film. At that time, the number of particles on the deposited substrate was 496.
- the controller con as a control device of the sputter deposition apparatus 1 may be built in the sputter deposition apparatus 1 or may be provided separately from the sputter deposition apparatus 1.
- the controller con and the sputter deposition apparatus 1 are connected to each other by a wired connection or a wireless connection such as a local connection via a LAN or a WAN connection such as the Internet, and the controller con is connected to the sputter deposition apparatus 1. It can be configured to be able to communicate with.
- a processing method in which a program for operating the configuration of the above-described embodiment so as to realize the function of the above-described embodiment is stored in a storage medium, the program stored in the storage medium is read as a code, and executed on a computer. It is included in the category of the above-mentioned embodiment. That is, a computer-readable storage medium is also included in the scope of the embodiments. In addition to the storage medium storing the computer program, the computer program itself is included in the above-described embodiment.
- a storage medium for example, a floppy (registered trademark) disk, a hard disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, a CD-ROM, a magnetic tape, a nonvolatile memory card, and a ROM can be used.
- processing is not limited to the single program stored in the above-described storage medium, but operates on the OS in cooperation with other software and expansion board functions to execute the operations of the above-described embodiments. This is also included in the category of the embodiment described above.
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Abstract
Description
近年の微細化、薄層化の進んだ半導体デバイスや磁性記憶媒体の生産において、パーティクルの影響は大きくなってきており、このためパーティクルの低減が求められている。
また、真空チャンバー2内には、基板10を載置するための基板ホルダー7と、基板ホルダー7とターゲットホルダー6の間に設けられた基板シャッター19とが設けられている。該基板シャッター19は基板シャッター支持機構20により支持されており、該基板シャッター支持機構20は、基板シャッター19を開閉駆動する基板シャッター駆動機構32に接続されている。ここで、基板シャッター19は、基板ホルダー7の近傍に配置され、基板ホルダー7とターゲットホルダー6との間を遮蔽する閉状態、または基板ホルダー7とターゲットホルダー6との間を開放する開状態にするための遮蔽部材として機能する。すなわち、基板シャッター19がターゲットホルダー6と基板ホルダー7との間を遮蔽する第3の位置に位置する時が基板シャッター19の閉状態となる。基板シャッター19が第3の位置に位置することにより、該基板シャッター19は基板ホルダー9の基板が保持される基板保持面を少なくとも覆うことになり、基板10はターゲットシャッター14側(例えば、後述の第2の放電空間)に対して遮蔽される。一方、ターゲットホルダー6と基板ホルダー7との間を遮蔽しない第4の位置に位置する時が基板シャッター19の開状態となる。
まず、ターゲットシャッター14(“第1のシャッター”とも呼ぶ)は閉状態である。すなわち、ターゲットシャッター14は上記第1の位置に位置する。従って、ターゲットシャッター14が開状態である場合は、コントローラconは、ターゲットシャッター駆動機構33を制御して、ターゲットシャッター14によりターゲットホルダー6と基板ホルダー7との間を遮蔽するようにターゲットシャッター14を回転させ、ターゲットシャッター14を閉状態とする。本実施形態では、ターゲットホルダー6はチムニー9により囲まれているので、該閉状態により、ターゲットシャッター14、チムニー9、およびターゲット4に囲まれた空間が第1の放電空間となる。この第1の放電空間を、後の成膜時の放電空間(後述の第2の放電空間)よりも小さくすることによって、着火時において放電しやすくすることができる。
このようなフローで成膜開始することにより、顕著なパーティクル低減を行なうことが
できる。
放電開始に有利なようにターゲット4前面の放電空間をチムニー9で取り囲み第1のシャッター(ターゲットシャッター14)を閉じた状態で該放電空間(第1の放電空間)にガス導入してターゲットホルダー6に高周波電力を印加して放電開始した状態では、プラズマはターゲット4、チムニー9、ターゲットシャッター14に閉じ込められた状態にある。周知のように、ターゲットが絶縁性材料であっても高周波は伝播しプラズマを発生させセルフバイアス電圧を生じる。本実施形態では、チムニー9およびターゲットシャッター14を接地しているので、チムニー9やターゲットシャッター14は接地電極として働く。ターゲットシャッター14は駆動機構により回転する構造であるため、必ずしも高周波的に完全に接地しているとは限らないが、チムニー9は接地されていると考えて良い。
ターゲットシャッター14を閉じた状態で放電開始するとき(第2ステップS2)、相対的に小さい第1の放電空間が形成されることになり、接地電極は、該第1の放電空間を区画するためのチムニー9およびターゲットシャッター14となる。よって、高周波印加電極面積に対して接地電極面積は比較的小さくなる。しかしながら、このとき第1のパワーとしてなるべく低い印加電力(パワー)で放電開始すれば、接地電極としてのチムニー9と第1の放電空間に生成されたプラズマとの電位差を小さくすることができるで、チムニー9表面やターゲットシャッター14のターゲット対向面に対するイオン衝撃によるパーティクル発生を低減することができる。
時間T1において、成膜パワー(第2のパワー)より小さくかつ安定に放電開始できるような第1のパワー(例えば100W)が印加される(第1ステップS1)。次に時間T2において第1のシャッターを開く(第2ステップS2)。時間T2で印加される第1のパワーは成膜パワーである第2のパワーより小さくかつ安定に放電開始できるようなパワーであることがパーティクル低減のために必要である。次に時間T3から時間T4にかけて、印加電力を、第2のパワーまで増大させる(第3ステップS3)。該第2のパワーは、望ましくは成膜工程で使用する成膜パワー(例えば800W)である。そして時間T5において第2のシャッターを開き、成膜工程を開始する(第4ステップS4)。
図1に示す装置を用い、ターゲットにAl2O3、ターゲットを臨む表面がアルミナ溶射で被覆されているチムニー(筒状シールド)9を用いて、RFスパッタリングをした。第1ガス導入口15から導入する不活性ガスとしてアルゴンを用いた。基板10への成膜時のRFパワー(第2のパワー)は800Wとした。ここで、パワー印加開始時の設定を100W(第1のパワー)とした。100W(第1のパワー)でパワーを印加した後(第1ステップS1)、第1のシャッターを開いた(第2ステップS2)。第1のシャッターを開いた後、印加パワーを基板成膜時の800W(第2のパワー)に増大させた(第3ステップS3)。パワー増大した後、第2のシャッターを開き、基板への成膜を開始した(第4ステップS4)。本実施例では、成膜された基板上のパーティクル数は19個となり、後述する比較例との比較からも分かるように、本発明によりパーティクル数の低減が実現された。
上記実施例と同様に、ターゲットにAl2O3、ターゲットを臨む表面がアルミナ溶射で被覆されているチムニー(筒状シールド)を用いて、RFスパッタリングをした。上記実施例と同様に不活性ガスとしてアルゴンを用いた。基板への成膜時のRFパワーは800Wとした。RFパワーを800Wに設定し、パワーを印加した後、前記第1のシャッターを開き、続いて第2のシャッターを開いて成膜を行った。そのとき、成膜された基板上のパーティクル数は496個であった。
本発明では、スパッタ成膜装置1の制御装置としてのコントローラconは、スパッタ成膜装置1に内蔵されても良いし、該スパッタ成膜装置1と別個に設けても良い。別個に設ける場合は、コントローラconとスパッタ成膜装置1とを、LAN等によるローカルな接続またはインターネットといったWAN接続等による、有線接続または無線接続等により接続して、コントローラconがスパッタ成膜装置1と通信可能に構成すれば良い。
Claims (12)
- ターゲットをスパッタして基板上に成膜を行なう成膜方法であって、
ターゲットを保持したターゲットホルダーに、該ターゲットホルダーに接続された電源より成膜時に印加される成膜パワーよりも小さな第1のパワーを印加して、第1の放電空間にて放電を引き起こす第1のステップと、
前記第1のステップで引き起こされた放電を続けながら、放電空間を前記第1の放電空間から該第1の放電空間よりも大きな第2の放電空間にする第2のステップと、
前記第2の放電空間について、前記電源より前記ターゲットホルダーに前記第1のパワーよりも大きな第2のパワーを印加する第3のステップと、
前記第2の空間に対して遮蔽されている前記基板を、前記第2の放電空間に開放する第4のステップと
を有することを特徴とする成膜方法。 - 前記ターゲットホルダーと前記基板を保持した基板ホルダーとの間を遮蔽する第1の位置と、前記ターゲットホルダーと前記基板ホルダーとの間を遮蔽しない第2の位置との間で移動可能な第1の遮蔽部材が、前記第1の位置に位置することにより前記第1の放電空間が形成されており、
前記第2のステップは、前記第1の遮蔽部材を、前記第1の位置から前記第2の位置に移動させることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の成膜方法。 - 前記第4のステップの前においては、前記ターゲットホルダーと前記基板ホルダーとの間を遮蔽する第3の位置と、前記ターゲットホルダーと前記基板ホルダーとの間を遮蔽しない第4の位置との間で移動可能な第2の遮蔽部材により、前記基板は前記第2の放電空間に対して遮蔽されており、
前記第4のステップは、前記第2の遮蔽部材を、前記第3の位置から前記第4の位置に移動させることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の成膜方法。 - 前記第3のステップは、前記ターゲットホルダーに印加されるパワーを、前記第1のパワーから前記第2のパワーまで増大させることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の成膜方法。
- 前記第3のステップは、前記ターゲットホルダーに印加されるパワーを段階的又は連続的に増大させることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の成膜方法。
- 前記第4のステップの後に、続けて前記基板上への成膜を行なうことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の成膜方法。
- ターゲットを保持するためのターゲットホルダーと、
前記ターゲットホルダーにパワーを印加するパワー印加手段と、
基板を保持させるための基板ホルダーと、
前記ターゲットホルダーを取り囲むように構成された中空部を有し、接地されたシールドであって、該中空部を該シールドの外部と連通するための開口部が形成されたシールドと、
前記開口部を覆うことにより前記ターゲットホルダーと前記基板ホルダーとの間を遮蔽する第1の位置と、前記ターゲットホルダーと前記基板ホルダーとの間を遮蔽しない第2の位置との間を移動可能に構成された第1の遮蔽部材と、
前記基板ホルダーの基板保持面を少なくとも覆うことにより前記ターゲットホルダーと前記基板ホルダーとの間を遮蔽する第3の位置と、前記ターゲットホルダーと前記基板ホルダーとの間を遮蔽しない第4の位置との間を移動可能に構成された第2の遮蔽部材と、
前記パワー印加手段、前記第1及び第2の遮蔽部材の移動を制御する制御手段と、を備え、
前記制御手段は、前記第1の遮蔽部材が前記第1の位置に位置し、かつ前記第2の遮蔽部材が前記第3の位置に位置する状態で、前記ターゲットホルダーに成膜時に印加される成膜パワーよりも小さな第1のパワーを印加するように前記パワー印加手段を制御し、次いで、前記第2の遮蔽部材が前記第3の位置に位置する状態で前記第1の遮蔽部材を前記第1の位置から前記第2の位置に移動させるように前記第1の遮蔽部材の移動を制御し、次いで、前記ターゲットホルダーに前記第1のパワーよりも大きな第2のパワーを印加するように前記パワー印加手段を制御するように構成されていることを特徴とする成膜装置。 - 前記シールドは導電性を有し、
前記シールドの中空部の前記ターゲットホルダーを臨む表面が溶射により形成された絶縁膜で被覆されていることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の成膜装置。 - 前記制御手段は、前記第2のパワーを印加する際に、前記ターゲットホルダーに印加されるパワーを、前記第1のパワーから前記第2のパワーまで増大させるように前記パワー印加手段を制御することを特徴とする請求項7に記載の成膜装置。
- ターゲットを保持するためのターゲットホルダーと、
前記ターゲットホルダーにパワーを印加するパワー印加手段と、
基板を保持させるための基板ホルダーと、
前記ターゲットホルダーを取り囲むように構成された中空部を有し、接地されたシールドであって、該中空部を該シールドの外部と連通するための開口部が形成されたシールドと、
前記開口部を覆うことにより前記ターゲットホルダーと前記基板ホルダーとの間を遮蔽する第1の位置と、前記ターゲットホルダーと前記基板ホルダーとの間を遮蔽しない第2の位置との間を移動可能に構成された第1の遮蔽部材と、
前記基板ホルダーの基板保持面を少なくとも覆うことにより前記ターゲットホルダーと前記基板ホルダーとの間を遮蔽する第3の位置と、前記ターゲットホルダーと前記基板ホルダーとの間を遮蔽しない第4の位置との間を移動可能に構成された第2の遮蔽部材とを備える成膜装置を制御するための制御装置であって、
前記第1の遮蔽部材が前記第1の位置に位置し、かつ前記第2の遮蔽部材が前記第3の位置に位置する状態で、前記ターゲットホルダーに成膜時に印加される成膜パワーよりも小さな第1のパワーを印加するように前記パワー印加手段を制御する手段と、
前記ターゲットホルダーに前記第1のパワーを印加することによって、前記中空部と前記第1の遮蔽部材との間の第1の放電空間にて引き起こされた放電を続けながら、前記第2の遮蔽部材が前記第3の位置に位置する状態で前記第1の遮蔽部材を前記第1の位置から前記第2の位置に移動させるように前記第1の遮蔽部材の移動を制御する手段と、
前記第1の遮蔽部材が前記第2の位置に位置し、かつ前記第2の遮蔽部材が前記第3の位置に位置する状態で、前記ターゲットホルダーに前記第1のパワーよりも大きな第2のパワーを印加するように前記パワー印加手段を制御する手段と
を備えることを特徴とする制御装置。 - コンピュータを請求項10に記載の制御装置として機能させることを特徴とするコンピュータプログラム。
- コンピュータにより読み出し可能なプログラムを格納した記憶媒体であって、請求項11に記載のコンピュータプログラムを格納したことを特徴とする記憶媒体。
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JP7199279B2 (ja) * | 2019-03-26 | 2023-01-05 | 東京エレクトロン株式会社 | 基板処理装置及び載置台の除電方法 |
US11842890B2 (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2023-12-12 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for physical vapor deposition (PVD) dielectric deposition |
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US20140001031A1 (en) * | 2011-03-01 | 2014-01-02 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Device for producing nanoparticles at high efficiency, use of said device and method of depositing nanoparticles |
JP2015059238A (ja) * | 2013-09-18 | 2015-03-30 | 東京エレクトロン株式会社 | 成膜装置及び成膜方法 |
KR20170041777A (ko) * | 2014-08-08 | 2017-04-17 | 캐논 아네르바 가부시키가이샤 | 스퍼터 장치 및 처리 장치 |
KR101939505B1 (ko) | 2014-08-08 | 2019-01-16 | 캐논 아네르바 가부시키가이샤 | 스퍼터 장치 및 처리 장치 |
JP2016108610A (ja) * | 2014-12-05 | 2016-06-20 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | スパッタリング装置、スパッタリング方法及びフォトマスクブランク |
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JP7208711B2 (ja) | 2014-12-31 | 2023-01-19 | アプライド マテリアルズ インコーポレイテッド | チタン-タングステンターゲットにおける小結節制御のための方法および装置 |
CN110344013A (zh) * | 2019-08-19 | 2019-10-18 | 北京北方华创微电子装备有限公司 | 溅射方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR20120102105A (ko) | 2012-09-17 |
EP2530182B1 (en) | 2015-03-25 |
US20120006675A1 (en) | 2012-01-12 |
US9428828B2 (en) | 2016-08-30 |
US20150053547A1 (en) | 2015-02-26 |
EP2530182A4 (en) | 2013-08-07 |
EP2530182A1 (en) | 2012-12-05 |
JP5513529B2 (ja) | 2014-06-04 |
JPWO2011093334A1 (ja) | 2013-06-06 |
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