WO2011062173A1 - 樹脂粒子およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
樹脂粒子およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011062173A1 WO2011062173A1 PCT/JP2010/070429 JP2010070429W WO2011062173A1 WO 2011062173 A1 WO2011062173 A1 WO 2011062173A1 JP 2010070429 W JP2010070429 W JP 2010070429W WO 2011062173 A1 WO2011062173 A1 WO 2011062173A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/44—Polymerisation in the presence of compounding ingredients, e.g. plasticisers, dyestuffs, fillers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/12—Polymerisation in non-solvents
- C08F2/16—Aqueous medium
- C08F2/22—Emulsion polymerisation
- C08F2/24—Emulsion polymerisation with the aid of emulsifying agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/12—Powdering or granulating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K3/36—Silica
Definitions
- the present invention relates to resin particles and a method for producing the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to resin particles having a uniform particle diameter and a method for producing the same.
- Resin particles are widely used in optical material applications, cosmetic applications, molding resins, paint additives, and the like. In each application, resin particles having a uniform particle diameter are required.
- the treatment of the reaction solution has been a problem because the polymerization system contains a metal.
- the addition amount of an inorganic compound such as silica is more than a certain level, the silica adhering to the surface of the obtained resin particles may become an obstacle in the subsequent processing.
- An object of the present invention is to obtain resin particles having a uniform particle size with a small amount of inorganic dispersant such as silica attached to the surface. Furthermore, it aims at reducing the metal in the waste liquid produced in manufacture of this particle
- the present invention includes, for example, the following [1] to [9].
- Resin particles having an inorganic dispersant attached to the surface and having a volume average particle diameter of 1 to 1000 ⁇ m, Formula (I) Coating amount of inorganic dispersant on resin particle surface (Amount of inorganic dispersant (parts by weight) / Amount of polymerizable monomer (parts by weight)) / Resin particle specific surface area measured with Mastersizer 2000 manufactured by Malvern Instruments Ltd (I) (However, the amount of the inorganic dispersant and the polymerizable monomer on the right side of the formula (I) is the amount charged when the resin particles are produced, and the amount of the polymerizable monomer is 100 parts by weight)
- the resin particles, wherein the coating amount of the inorganic dispersant on the surface of the resin particles obtained in (1) is 0.0001 to 0.02 g / m 2 .
- Step 1 A step of stirring a composition containing an aqueous medium, a polymerizable monomer, a polymerization initiator, an inorganic dispersant, and an emulsifier to form a liquid in which oil droplets are dispersed in the aqueous medium;
- Step 2 A method for producing resin particles, comprising: heating the dispersion while stirring to polymerize the polymerizable monomer.
- the inorganic dispersant is used in an amount of 0.01 to 2.0 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polymerizable monomer.
- a method for producing resin particles is also used.
- resin particles having a uniform particle diameter can be obtained. Furthermore, the obtained resin particles have a low coverage with an inorganic dispersant such as silica on the surface and are excellent in redispersibility. Furthermore, the resin product containing the resin particles is excellent in luminance when used for an optical sheet member, and is suitable for various processing. In addition, since the amount of the metal-containing compound and the halogen-containing compound used in the production process is small, the concentration of those compounds in the waste liquid is low, and adverse effects on the environment can be reduced.
- FIG. 1 shows the relationship between the silica coating amount on the resin particle surface (calculated value based on MS specific surface area) and luminance. It is a SEM photograph of the resin particle of the present invention.
- the resin particles of the present invention are preferably produced using suspension polymerization.
- the method for producing the resin particles of the present invention includes: [Step 1] Stirring a composition containing an aqueous medium, a polymerizable monomer, a polymerization initiator, an inorganic dispersant and an emulsifier to form a liquid in which oil droplets are dispersed in the aqueous medium; [Step 2] Heating the dispersion while stirring to polymerize the polymerizable monomer, Have.
- Step 1-1 It is preferable to include a step of adding a dispersion stabilizer to the dispersion and stirring.
- the resin particles obtained by the above production method are subjected to a medium removal step such as suction filtration, centrifugal separation, and a cross flow cleaning device, a drying step such as shelf drying, vacuum drying, spray drying, a pulverization step, and the like to obtain a target resin. Particles can be obtained. Moreover, in order to make a particle diameter more uniform, you may use a classification process together as needed.
- a medium removal step such as suction filtration, centrifugal separation, and a cross flow cleaning device
- a drying step such as shelf drying, vacuum drying, spray drying, a pulverization step, and the like to obtain a target resin. Particles can be obtained. Moreover, in order to make a particle diameter more uniform, you may use a classification process together as needed.
- the above polymerizable monomer, polymerization initiator, inorganic dispersant, emulsifier, and other optional components are added to an aqueous medium, a device having a stirring blade rotating function, a homomixer, an ultrasonic wave Disperse using a disperser or the like using stirring force or shearing force. And the dispersion liquid in which the oil droplet was formed in the aqueous medium is obtained.
- the stirring speed is preferably 2 to 25 m / s as the peripheral speed at the end of the stirring blade, and the stirring time is preferably 1 to 60 minutes.
- the stirring temperature is preferably a temperature at which the polymerizable monomer does not polymerize, usually at room temperature.
- the polymerizable monomer used in the production of the resin particles of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a polymerizable monomer in which oil droplets can form a dispersed state in an aqueous medium.
- polymerizable monomer examples include (meth) acrylic acid monomers, styrene monomers, functional group-containing monomers, polyfunctional monomers, conjugated diene monomers, and polyurethane resins. And (meth) acrylic monomers and styrene monomers that can easily produce spherical resin particles. More specific examples include the following, but are not limited to the following.
- (meth) acrylic acid monomer As a (meth) acrylic acid monomer, (Meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester; methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, propyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, pentyl (meth) acrylate, hexyl (meth) acrylate, (Meth) acrylate-2-ethylhexyl, octyl (meth) acrylate, nonyl (meth) acrylate, decyl (meth) acrylate and dodecyl (meth) acrylate, etc.
- styrenic monomers examples include styrene, methyl styrene, dimethyl styrene, trimethyl styrene, ethyl styrene, diethyl styrene, triethyl styrene, propyl styrene, butyl styrene, hexyl styrene, heptyl styrene and octyl styrene, and other alkyl styrene and fluoro styrene.
- Chlorostyrene bromostyrene, dibromostyrene, chloromethylstyrene, iodinated styrene, nitrostyrene, acetylstyrene, methoxystyrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, vinyltoluene and the like.
- Oxazoline group-containing polymerizable compounds As a functional group-containing monomer, Oxazoline group-containing polymerizable compounds; 2-vinyl-2-oxazoline, 2-vinyl-5-methyl-2-oxazoline, 2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline, etc.
- Aziridine group-containing polymerizable compounds (meth) acryloylaziridine, (meth) acrylic acid-2-aziridinylethyl, etc.
- Epoxy group-containing vinyl monomers allyl glycidyl ether, (meth) acrylic acid glycidyl ether, (meth) acrylic acid-2-ethyl glycidyl ether, etc.
- Hydroxyl group-containing vinyl compounds (meth) acrylic acid-2-hydroxyethyl, (meth) acrylic acid-2-hydroxypropyl, (meth) acrylic acid-2-hydroxybutyl, (meth) acrylic acid and polypropylene glycol or polyethylene glycol Adducts of monoesters and lactones with 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, etc. Fluorine-containing vinyl monomer; fluorine-substituted (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester, etc.
- Carboxyl group-containing vinyl monomers unsaturated carboxylic acids such as (meth) acrylic acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid and fumaric acid, salts thereof and (partial) ester compounds and acid anhydrides thereof, etc.
- Reactive halogen-containing vinyl monomers (meth) acrylic acid-2-chloroethyl, 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether, vinyl monochloroacetate, vinylidene chloride, etc.
- Amide group-containing vinyl monomers (meth) acrylamide, N-methylol (meth) acrylamide, N-methoxyethyl (meth) acrylamide, N-butoxymethyl (meth) acrylamide, etc.
- Organosilicon group-containing vinyl compound monomer vinyltrimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, allyltrimethoxysilane, trimethoxysilylpropylallylamine, 2-methoxyethoxytrimethoxysilane, etc.
- macromonomers substances having a radical polymerizable vinyl group at the terminal of the copolymer of the above monomers (for example, fluorine macromonomer, silicon-containing macromonomer, urethane macromonomer), Acrylonitrile; vinyl acetate;
- Bifunctional monomer As a polyfunctional monomer, Bifunctional monomer; ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, triethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, tetraethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, diethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, polyoxyethylene di (meth) acrylate, neo Pentyl glycol di (meth) acrylate, 1,4-butanediol di (meth) acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol di (meth) acrylate, 1,9-nonanediol di (meth) acrylate, divinylbenzene, etc.
- Trifunctional monomer trimethylolpropane triacrylate, trimethylolethane tri (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate, ethoxylated trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, Propoxylated trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, tris (2- (meth) acryloxyethyl isocyanurate), etc.
- Tetrafunctional or higher monomer pentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, ethoxylated pentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, propoxylated pentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, ethoxylated dipentaerythritol Tetra (meth) acrylate, propoxylated dipentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, ditrimethylolpropanetetra (meth) acrylate, ethoxylated ditrimethylolpropanetetra (meth) acrylate and ethoxylated ditrimethylolpropanetetra (meth) acrylate Tetra (meth) acrylate compounds such as Diisocyanate compounds having an aliphatic between diisocyanates such as hexamethylene di
- conjugated diene monomer examples include butadiene, isoprene and chloroprene.
- a polyol mainly composed of glycol and a diisocyanate raw material can be used.
- polyol examples include diol compounds such as ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol, and polyether glycols.
- the above monomers may be used alone or in combination.
- Polymerization initiator In the production of the resin particles of the present invention, it is preferable to use a polymerization initiator.
- a radical polymerization initiator is preferable. Examples of such radical polymerization initiators include organic peroxides, azo initiators, and other radical polymerization initiators.
- organic peroxides used here include cumene hydroperoxide (CHP), ditertiary butyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide (BPO), lauroyl peroxide (LPO), dimethylbis ( Tertiary butyl peroxy) hexane, dimethyl bis (tertiary butyl peroxy) hexyne-3, bis (tertiary butyl peroxy isopropyl) benzene, bis (tertiary butyl peroxy) trimethylcyclohexane, butyl-bis (tertiary butyl) Peroxy) valerate, tertiary butyl 2-ethylhexaneperoxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, paramentane hydroperoxide, and tertiary butyl peroxybenzoate.
- Rukoto can.
- azo initiators examples include 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile, 2,2-azobis-2-methylbutyronitrile, 2,2-azobis-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile, 2,2 -Azobis-4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile, 2,2-azobis (methyl 2-methylpropanoate), 2,2-azobis (2-methylpropaneamidine) dihydrochloride, etc. it can.
- Inorganic dispersant Silica, titanium oxide, alumina, etc. are mentioned as an inorganic dispersing agent used for manufacture of the resin particle of this invention.
- silica is preferable because the refractive index of the resin particles and the inorganic dispersant is close and does not adversely affect the optical performance.
- colloidal silica As the type of silica, it is preferable to use colloidal silica because the particle diameter is as small as nano-order and dispersed in water as primary particles.
- the average primary particle size before addition of colloidal silica to the reaction system is preferably 1 to 500 nm, and more preferably 1 to 200 nm.
- the average primary particle diameter of colloidal silica When the average primary particle diameter of colloidal silica is in the above range, resin particles having a uniform particle diameter can be obtained.
- the smaller the average primary particle diameter of colloidal silica the higher the function as an inorganic dispersant and the easier it is to obtain the effect of stabilizing the oil droplets. Even if a material larger than the above range is used, the oil droplet stabilizing effect more than that used in the range of the present invention cannot be obtained.
- an emulsifier In the production of the resin particles of the present invention, an emulsifier is used in addition to the inorganic dispersant in order to disperse the components in an aqueous medium.
- emulsifiers include polymer dispersants, nonionic surfactants, and ionic surfactants.
- polymer dispersant examples include proteins (eg, gelatin); lecithin; water-soluble rubber such as gum arabic and tragacanth; sodium alginate; cellulose derivatives such as carboxymethylcellulose, ethoxycellulose, and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose; starch and derivatives thereof; Polyvinyl alcohol; polyvinyl pyrrolidone, etc .; polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether, polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, polyethylene glycol fatty acid ester, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl alcohol-based graft polymer (polyvinyl pyrrolidone and its derivatives grafted) Sorbitan oleate, sorbitan stearate, sorbitan palmi Nonionic surfactants such as sorbitan fatty acid esters such as acid esters; cetyl alcohol, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers such as polyoxyethylene lauryl ether and polyoxyethylene stearyl
- Polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester polyoxyethylene sorbitol fatty acid ester, glycerin fatty acid ester
- Polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters such as polyethylene glycol monolaurate and polyethylene glycol distearate; polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil, polyoxyethylene alkylamine, alkylalkanolamide
- anionic surfactants include sodium lauryl sulfate and ammonium lauryl sulfate
- Alkyl sulfate salts such as polyoxyethylene alkyl sulfate salts, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium dialkylsulfosuccinate, ammonium polyoxyalkylene alkenyl ether sulfate, fatty acid salt, sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonic acid formalin condensate
- cationic surface activity Agents include alkylamine salts such as coconut amine acetate and stearylamine acetate
- Such emulsifiers can be used alone or in combination.
- the emulsifier preferably contains no metal or has a low metal content in terms of waste liquid treatment.
- a colorant component such as a polymerization inhibitor, an antioxidant, an ultraviolet absorber, an antifoaming agent, a near infrared absorber, a fluorescent whitening agent, a pigment, and a dye can be used.
- Examples of the polymerization inhibitor include sodium nitrite and dibutylhydroxytoluene.
- Examples of the antioxidant include hindered phenolic antioxidants.
- Examples of the ultraviolet absorber include hindered amine light stabilizers, hindered amine polymerizable compounds, benzotriazole polymerizable compounds, and the like.
- any oil-soluble dye / pigment that is less soluble in water than the monomer can be used as appropriate.
- oil-soluble dye examples include Solvent Blue 35, Solvent Red 132, Solvent Black 27, Solvent Yellow 16, and the like having a color index number (CI).
- dyes that are usually used in writing recording liquids such as clarine, azo, quinophthalone, and phthalocyanine, leuco dyes that are used as thermal recording paper and temperature-sensitive color materials, and tar dyes that are used in cosmetics Also mentioned.
- various direct dyes, acid dyes, basic dyes, azoic dyes, reactive dyes, fluorescent dyes, and the like can be used.
- pigments that can be dispersed in the monomer include various types such as permanent yellow DHG, Pigment Red 57: 1, Lionol Blue 7027, Carbon Black, Black Pearls 430, Titanium Dioxide, Zinc Oxide, Bengala, and Ultramarine Blue. Examples include inorganic and organic pigments.
- composition in Step 1 In the composition in [Step 1] in the production process for obtaining the resin particles of the present invention, the above components are present in the aqueous medium in the following amounts.
- the following amounts represent the total polymerizable monomer as 100 parts by weight.
- the inorganic dispersant is preferably 0.01 to 2.0 parts by weight, more preferably 0.05 to 1.0 parts by weight.
- the emulsifier is preferably 0.0001 to 0.1 parts by weight, more preferably 0.001 to 0.05 parts by weight.
- aqueous medium examples include water and a mixture of water and alcohol.
- the ratio of the total weight of the inorganic dispersant and the emulsifier to the weight of the aqueous medium is preferably 0.0011 to 2.1 / 50 to 300, more preferably 0.051 to 1.05 / 50 to 200. is there.
- the amount of the initiator is preferably 0.05 to 5 parts by weight, and more preferably 0.1 to 2 parts by weight.
- Step 1-1 A step of adding a dispersion stabilizer to the dispersion and stirring. Step 1-1 is performed in an inert gas atmosphere, and the stirring speed is 2 as the peripheral speed at the end of the stirring blade.
- the stirring time is preferably 1 to 60 minutes.
- the stirring temperature is preferably a temperature at which the polymerizable monomer does not polymerize, usually at room temperature. Examples of the agitation means include those similar to those in step 1.
- Dispersion stabilizer In the present invention, it is preferable to use a dispersion stabilizer in order to stabilize the formed dispersion after forming a dispersion state of oil droplets having a desired particle diameter using the inorganic dispersant and the emulsifier.
- the dispersion stabilizer can be selected from the above-mentioned emulsifiers, and among them, a polymer dispersant is preferable.
- polyvinyl alcohol and surfactants such as polyoxyalkylene phenyl ether sulfate are suitable because they are excellent in the function of stabilizing the dispersion state of oil droplets and are inexpensive and easy to use.
- the amount of the dispersion stabilizer is preferably 0.1 to 5 parts by weight, and more preferably 0.2 to 2 parts by weight.
- the stirring speed is preferably 0.2 to 2 m / s as the peripheral speed at the end of the stirring blade, and the heating temperature is preferably 50 to 80 ° C.
- the temperature is gradually increased and the polymerization is accelerated at 80 to 95 ° C.
- the time taken from the start of polymerization to completion is from 1 to 10 hours, preferably from 2 to 6 hours.
- Examples of the agitation means include those similar to those in step 1.
- Resin particles The resin particles of the present invention thus obtained have the following properties.
- the volume average particle diameter of the resin particles of the present invention is 1 to 1000 ⁇ m, preferably 2 to 300 ⁇ m.
- the volume average particle diameter of the resin particles of the present invention is the above value, which is related to various factors such as selection of the polymerizable monomer, stirring speed, and the like. It is considered that such an excellent value was obtained due to the amount of the additive used.
- Resin particles having a volume average particle diameter in the above range do not include fine particles and coarse particles, and are suitably used for various applications.
- the specific surface area of the resin particles of the present invention is preferably 0.01 to 6.0 m 2 / g, more preferably 0.02 to 3.0 m 2 / g. That the specific surface area of the resin particles of the present invention is the above value is related to various factors such as selection of a polymerizable monomer, stirring speed, and the like, particularly an inorganic dispersant, an emulsifier, etc. in suspension polymerization. It is considered that such an excellent value was obtained due to the amount of additive used. Resin particles having a specific surface area in the above range do not include fine particles and coarse particles, and are suitably used for various applications.
- the CV value of the resin particles of the present invention is preferably 10 to 50%, more preferably 10 to 40%.
- the CV value is a value obtained by 100 ⁇ standard deviation of particle diameter / number average particle diameter.
- the fact that the CV value of the resin particles of the present invention is the above value is related to various factors such as selection of the polymerizable monomer, stirring speed, etc., but especially the inorganic dispersant, emulsifier, etc. in suspension polymerization. It is considered that such an excellent value was obtained due to the amount of additive used.
- Resin particles having a CV value in the above range do not include fine particles and coarse particles, and are suitably used for various applications.
- An inorganic dispersant is attached to the surface of the resin particles.
- the coating amount of the inorganic dispersant on the resin particle surface is 0.0001 to 0.02 g / m 2 , preferably 0.0005 to 0.015 g / m 2 when calculated by the following formula (I).
- Coating amount of inorganic dispersant on resin particle surface (Amount of inorganic dispersant (parts by weight) / Amount of polymerizable monomer (parts by weight)) / Resin particle specific surface area measured with Mastersizer 2000 manufactured by Malvern Instruments Ltd (I) (However, the amount of the inorganic dispersant and the polymerizable monomer on the right side of the formula (I) is the amount charged when the resin particles are produced, and the amount of the polymerizable monomer is 100 parts by weight)
- the above formula is a value calculated assuming that all of the inorganic dispersant is adsorbed on the surface of the resin particles.
- the reason why the coating amount of the inorganic dispersant falls within the above range is considered to be largely attributable to the amount of the additive used such as the inorganic dispersant and the emulsifier in the suspension polymerization.
- Resin particles having an inorganic dispersant coating amount in the above range can be suitably used for various applications because processing is prevented by the inorganic dispersant on the resin surface.
- the elution halogen concentration with respect to the resin particles is preferably less than 24 ppm, more preferably less than 20 ppm, and particularly preferably 0 to 10 ppm.
- the reason why the amount of halogen on the surface of the resin particles falls within the above range is considered to be because the amount of halogen-containing compound used in the production process is small.
- concentration is a value with respect to 100g of resin particles.
- the concentration of the eluted metal with respect to the resin particles is preferably 20 ppm or less, more preferably 0 to 10 ppm.
- the reason why the amount of the metal on the surface of the resin particles falls within the above range is considered to be because the amount of the metal-containing compound used in the production process is small.
- concentration is a value with respect to 100g of resin particles.
- the luminance of the acrylic resin sheet containing the resin particles of the present invention is 0 as compared with the luminance of the acrylic resin sheet containing the same concentration of resin particles having no inorganic dispersant attached to the resin particle surface. More than 1% higher. As described above, the luminance can be obtained in such a value because the amount of the inorganic dispersant such as silica attached to the resin particle surface of the present invention is small. It is more suitably used for applications such as a light diffusion sheet, a light diffusion plate, and an antiglare film.
- the number of rotations until the resin particles are completely redispersed in methyl ethyl ketone is preferably 1 to 55 times, more preferably 1 to 45 times.
- the reason why such a value of the redispersibility in the solvent is obtained is that the amount of the inorganic dispersant such as silica on the resin particle surface of the present invention is within the scope of the present invention as described above. If the redispersibility in the solvent is in the above range, it is possible to redisperse the particles that have settled over time, so that the formation of aggregated particles can be suppressed, and problems caused by sedimentation of the particles are reduced. Furthermore, it has an advantage such as easy handling, and is suitably used for applications such as a light diffusion sheet, an antiglare film, and a paint.
- the inorganic dispersant surrounds the oil droplets containing the polymerizable monomer in the dispersion and becomes a structure that adsorbs to the interface of the oil droplets, thereby stabilizing the interface potential between the aqueous medium and the oil droplets. It is thought that there is. That is, it is considered that the potential of the oil droplet is changed and stabilized by the inorganic dispersant. However, such stabilization requires a large amount of inorganic dispersant.
- the reason why the amount of the inorganic dispersant added to the reaction system is small and the coating amount of the inorganic dispersant on the surface of the obtained resin particles is small is considered to be due to the interaction between the inorganic dispersant and the emulsifier.
- the emulsifier also adjusts the electric potential at the interface between the aqueous medium and the oil droplets. It is considered that the emulsifier acts on the potential of the oil droplet surface together with the inorganic dispersant and also adjusts the potential of the inorganic dispersant to influence the adsorption state between the inorganic dispersant and the oil droplet. Furthermore, it is considered that the aggregation and dispersion of the inorganic dispersant are adjusted.
- the emulsifier can change the potential of the inorganic dispersant just by adding a trace amount, works with the surface potential of the oil droplets together with the inorganic dispersant.
- the inorganic dispersant is present in the system in a state that is neither secondary aggregation nor primary particles (considered as a pseudo-aggregation state). It is thought that oil droplets are stabilized. This pseudo-aggregation state is considered that the inorganic dispersant reversibly changes between the secondary aggregation state and the primary particle state.
- the effect of the emulsifier is related to the electric potential, a difference appears in the adsorption state depending on the polarity of the emulsifier. Therefore, the optimum amount of emulsifier varies depending on its polarity.
- the inorganic dispersant and the emulsifier in an amount within the scope of the present invention, an appropriate amount of the inorganic dispersant is adsorbed to the oil droplets containing the polymerizable monomer in the reaction system, and each oil It is considered that the droplet size is stabilized in a nearly uniform state.
- the obtained resin particles can be used for cosmetics, optical materials, molding resins, film blocking prevention, paints, and the like.
- ⁇ Evaluation 1 Volume average particle diameter and specific surface area of resin particles> Preparation of measurement sample: 0.25 g of resin particles obtained in the examples were weighed, 0.025 g of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and 50 g of pure water were added, and an ultrasonic dispersion machine (device name: ULTRASONIC HOMOGENIZER UH-50) , Manufactured by SMT Co., Ltd., frequency 20 kHz) for 10 minutes was used as a measurement sample.
- an ultrasonic dispersion machine device name: ULTRASONIC HOMOGENIZER UH-50
- the volume average particle diameter and specific surface area of the measurement sample were measured under the following measurement conditions using the following measurement apparatus.
- Measuring device Mastersizer 2000 (laser diffraction type particle size distribution measuring device), manufactured by Malvern Instruments Ltd Measuring conditions: Dispersion medium water, analytical model General purpose, particle refractive index 1.50, dispersion medium refractive index 1.33
- the volume average particle diameter was D (4,3) (volume reference average diameter) obtained under the described measurement conditions.
- a sample is used.
- Measuring apparatus FPIA3000 (flow type particle image analyzer), Sysmex Corporation measurement conditions: When the particle diameter is 10 ⁇ m or more, LPF mode, 10 ⁇ m or less Were measured in HPF mode. The number of measurements was 50,000. The analysis was performed based on the equivalent circle diameter (number basis), and the CV value obtained there was used.
- ⁇ Evaluation 4 Chlorine concentration> Extraction method: 100 g of resin particles obtained in the example and 200 g of ultrapure water dispersed for 24 hours with a shaker were filtered through a filter having a pore size of 0.2 ⁇ m to obtain a measurement sample.
- Measuring device 761 Compact IC, manufactured by Metrohm Ltd.
- Measurement conditions Column (Shodex IC SI-90 4E [4.0 ⁇ 250mm]), mobile phase (2.0 mM NaHCO / 2.0 mM NaCO), flow rate (1.2 ml / min), column temperature (20.0 ° C.) Measurement sample volume: 20.0 ⁇ l The measured concentration is converted to the elution concentration with respect to 100 g of particles.
- ⁇ Evaluation 5 Sodium concentration> Extraction method: 100 g of resin particles obtained in the example and 200 g of ultrapure water dispersed for 24 hours with a shaker were filtered through a filter having a pore size of 0.2 ⁇ m to obtain a measurement sample.
- Measuring device Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP / AES) (VISTA-PRO: manufactured by VARIAN) Measurement conditions: Measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry.
- ICP / AES Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry
- VISTA-PRO manufactured by VARIAN
- Measurement conditions Measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry.
- a standard sample for atomic absorption of Na (1000 ppm) is diluted with pure water and concentrated hydrochloric acid is added to prepare a sample for a calibration curve in the concentration range of 1 to 50 ppm.
- hydrochloric acid with the same concentration as the calibration curve sample. , Measured
- Luminance of resin particle-containing sample> (Coating liquid adjustment) 1. 3 g of the resin particles obtained in Example 1 and 4.45 g of toluene are weighed and stirred 50 times using a stir bar. 2. 2 g of an acrylic binder (U-245B manufactured by Soken Chemical Co., Ltd.) is added and stirred 50 times using a stir bar. 3. 0.88 g of a polyisocyanate curing agent was added, and the mixture was stirred 50 times using a stir bar to obtain a coating solution. 4). In the same manner for the resin particles obtained in Example 4, Comparative Examples 3, 7 and 8, and Reference Example 1, respective coating solutions were obtained.
- Coating The above coating solution was applied using an automatic coating machine under the following conditions. Coating machine: Rk Print Coat Instruments Co., Ltd. Name: K Control Coater 101 Bar: No3 (wet film thickness 24 ⁇ m) Coating speed: 5cm / sec Drying conditions: 80 ° C, 3 minutes (thermal circulation dryer with adjustable temperature) Base material: 100 ⁇ m PET (Brightness measurement) The coated sample was measured using a luminance meter under the following conditions. The backlight was set to 1200 cd / m2, and one sheet was mounted for measurement.
- Coating machine Rk Print Coat Instruments Co., Ltd. Name: K Control Coater 101 Bar: No3 (wet film thickness 24 ⁇ m) Coating speed: 5cm / sec Drying conditions: 80 ° C, 3 minutes (thermal circulation dryer with adjustable temperature) Base material: 100 ⁇ m PET (Brightness measurement) The coated sample was measured using a luminance meter under the following conditions. The backlight was set to 1200 cd / m
- Luminance meter (high-functionality, general-purpose luminance, color shift measurement system): RISA-COLOR / CD8 HI-LAND company Luminance measurement conditions: Measured by the division method, 10 blocks in the vertical direction, 10 blocks in the horizontal direction, 100 blocks in total, sample size 6 cm x 4.5 cm The measurement range is set to 5.5cm x 4cm in the sample frame. The distance from the camera to the sample was 152 cm.
- ⁇ Evaluation 8 Average primary particle diameter of inorganic dispersant> Measurement sample adjustment: The inorganic dispersant is adjusted to a concentration of 1% by weight when the particle size of the inorganic dispersant is less than 100 nm using purified water as a dispersion medium, and 0.1% by weight when the particle size is 100 nm or more. % Concentration was adjusted. The volume average particle diameter of the measurement sample was measured under the following measurement conditions using the following measurement apparatus. Measuring apparatus: Zetasizer 3000HSA (manufactured by Malvern Instruments Ltd), using disposable PP cell. Measurement conditions: measurement condition Auto, analysis mode Contin, average value of two measurement times.
- the Z average diameter obtained on this condition be the average primary particle diameter of an inorganic dispersing agent.
- ⁇ Evaluation 9 Average particle size at the time of dispersion of the inorganic dispersant> Measurement sample preparation: Purified water is used as a dispersion medium and the emulsifier is adjusted to the concentrations of Examples and Comparative Examples, and then an inorganic dispersant is added. If the average primary particle size of the inorganic dispersant is less than 100 nm, the concentration is 1 When the average primary particle diameter of the inorganic dispersant was less than 100 nm, the concentration was adjusted to 0.1% by weight so as to obtain a sample. The volume average particle diameter of the measurement sample was measured under the following measurement conditions using the following measurement apparatus.
- Measuring device Zetasizer 3000HSA (manufactured by Malvern Instruments Ltd) Measurement conditions: measurement condition Auto, analysis mode Contin, average value of two measurement times. The Z average diameter obtained under these conditions is defined as the average particle diameter when the inorganic dispersant is dispersed.
- ⁇ Evaluation 10 Redispersibility of inorganic dispersant>
- Preparation of measurement sample using purified water as a dispersion medium, adjusting the emulsifier to the concentration of Examples and Comparative Examples, adding an inorganic dispersant, adjusting the concentration of the inorganic dispersant to 1% by weight, and dispersing After making it into a state, it was diluted 2 times with purified water to obtain a redispersion confirmation sample. The volume average particle diameter of the measurement sample was measured in the same manner as in Evaluation 9.
- Example 1 In a 1-liter four-necked flask equipped with a thermometer and a nitrogen inlet tube, 140 g of methyl methacrylate (MMA), 60 g of trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), and 1.0 g of lauroyl peroxide (LPO) as an initiator It was charged and dissolved. Next, 200 g of water, 0.4 g of colloidal silica (average primary particle diameter 9 nm), and 0.02 g of polyoxyethylene lauryl ether were weighed and put into a homomixer (TK homomixer MARKII2.5 type Primix Co., Ltd.).
- MMA methyl methacrylate
- TMPTA trimethylolpropane triacrylate
- LPO lauroyl peroxide
- this mixture was heated to 60 ° C. and reacted for 2 hours, and subsequently reacted at 90 ° C. for 1 hour.
- the volume average particle diameter of the polymer particles was 15.4 ⁇ m.
- this emulsion was dehydrated by suction filtration and then dried at 100 ° C. for 5 hours in a shelf dryer. Next, pulverization was performed to obtain resin particles.
- Example 4 Resin particles were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amounts of the polymerizable monomer, the dispersant and the emulsifier were as shown in Table 1, and the rotation speed of the homomixer was 4000 rpm (5.9 m / s). Obtained.
- Example 5 Resin particles were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amounts of the polymerizable monomer, the dispersant and the emulsifier were as shown in Table 1, and the rotation speed of the homomixer was 2000 rpm (2.9 m / s). Obtained.
- Example 9 Resin particles were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 0.004 g of lauryltrimethylammonium chloride was used instead of polyoxyethylene lauryl ether.
- Example 10 Resin particles were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 0.04 g of stearyl betaine was used instead of polyoxyethylene lauryl ether.
- Example 18 2.5 g of 1,4-butanediol, 47.5 g of isocyanurate type polyisocyanate of hexamethylene diisocyanate as an isocyanate component, and 0.0015 g of dibutyltin dilaurate (trade name accelerator S manufactured by Soken Chemical Co., Ltd.) as a catalyst Then, 32.5 g of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) was mixed as a diluent solvent to prepare a prepolymer. The molar ratio of isisoanate to hydroxyl group was 5.0.
- MEK methyl ethyl ketone
- this mixture was heated to 60 ° C. and reacted for 2 hours, and subsequently reacted at 90 ° C. for 1 hour.
- the average particle diameter of the polymer particles was 15.5 ⁇ m.
- this emulsion was dehydrated by suction filtration, and then dried at 100 with a shelf dryer for 5 hours.
- pulverization was performed to obtain resin particles.
- the obtained particles had a CV value of 58.3% and a wide particle size distribution.
- Emulsified for 3 minutes at room temperature A solution obtained by dissolving 2 g of polyvinyl alcohol (trade name: PVA-420, Kuraray Co., Ltd.) as a dispersion stabilizer in 140 g of water was added to the emulsion.
- the stirring blade was a turbine blade having a diameter of 75 mm and stirred at room temperature at 100 rpm (0.39 m / s).
- this mixture was heated to 65 ° C. and reacted for 2 hours. Subsequently, 0.4 g of sodium hydroxide was added and reacted at 95 ° C. for 3 hours. The average particle diameter of the polymer particles was 15.4 ⁇ m. Next, this emulsion was dehydrated by suction filtration, and the resulting cake was redispersed with 300 g of ion-exchanged water and again dehydrated by suction filtration. Then, it dried for 5 hours at 100 degreeC with the shelf dryer. Next, pulverization was performed to obtain resin particles.
- Example 1 The same operations as in Example 1 were carried out with the formulation described in Table 2 to carry out polymerization.
- As an operation for removing silica 2 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide was added to the polymerization solution, and kept at 90 ° C. for 2 hours while stirring. Thereafter, the polymerization solution was cooled and the emulsion was dehydrated by suction filtration. The obtained cake was redispersed with 300 g of ion-exchanged water and again dehydrated by suction filtration. Then, it dried for 5 hours at 100 degreeC with the shelf dryer. Next, pulverization was performed to obtain resin particles. When the amount of silica of the obtained resin particles was measured, the silica weight before removal was 100% and was less than 5%.
- Example 2 With the formulation shown in Table 2, the same operation as in Example 1 was performed to obtain resin particles.
- the obtained polymer particles have an average particle diameter of 15.2 and the silica coating amount per surface area is 0.0041 g / m 2 , but the CV value is 61.3% and the number of fine and coarse particles is large. Including results.
- the inorganic dispersant at this time did not show a primary particle size even when redispersion was attempted by adding purified water, and was in a secondary aggregation state of 500 nm or more, and a precipitate of aggregates was confirmed.
- Table 4 shows the dispersion state of the inorganic dispersant.
- Examples of the particle size of the inorganic dispersant returning to the primary particle size after re-dispersion and examples of changing the particle size after dispersion and after re-dispersion are the aggregation states of the inorganic dispersant in the polymerization system in the particle production of the present invention. Is considered to be in a pseudo-aggregated state. Therefore, it is considered that the pseudo-aggregated inorganic dispersant is reversibly changed between the primary particles and the secondary agglomerates and may easily return to the primary particles. In such Examples and Reference Examples, resin particles having a uniform particle diameter and a low coverage of the inorganic dispersant on the surface are obtained.
- examples in which the particle size of the inorganic dispersant does not return to the primary particle size after re-dispersion or examples in which the particle size does not change after dispersion and after re-dispersion are those of the inorganic dispersant in the polymerization system in the particle production of the present invention.
- the aggregation state is considered to be secondary aggregation.
- a precipitate can be confirmed.
- resin particles having a uniform particle diameter and a high coverage of the inorganic dispersant on the surface are obtained. Abbreviations in the table are as follows.
- MMA methyl methacrylate
- TMPAT trimethylolpropane triacrylate
- BA butyl acrylate
- EGDMA ethylene glycol dimethacrylate
- St Styrene
- DVB divinylbenzene
- MAA methacrylic acid
- HEMA 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate
- HDDA 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate.
- the resin particles of the present invention can be used for cosmetics, optical materials, molding resins, film blocking prevention, paints, and the like.
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Abstract
Description
下記式(I)
樹脂粒子表面の無機分散剤の被覆量=
(無機分散剤の量(重量部)/重合性単量体の量(重量部))/Malvern Instruments Ltd 製マスターサイザー2000で測定した樹脂粒子比表面積・・・(I)
(ただし式(I)右辺の無機分散剤および重合性単量体の量は、樹脂粒子製造時の仕込み量であり、重合性単量体の量を100重量部とする)
で求められる前記樹脂粒子表面の前記無機分散剤の被覆量が、0.0001~0.02g/m2であることを特徴とする樹脂粒子。
[工程2]前記分散液を攪拌しながら加熱し、前記重合性単量体を重合する工程とを
有することを特徴とする樹脂粒子の製造方法。
[工程1]水系媒体、重合性単量体、重合開始剤、無機分散剤および乳化剤を含む組成物を攪拌して、水系媒体中に油滴が分散した液を形成する工程と、
[工程2]前記分散液を攪拌しながら加熱し、前記重合性単量体を重合する工程とを、
有する。
[工程1-1]前記分散液に分散安定剤を加え、攪拌する工程
を含んでいることが好ましい。
(1)[工程1]水系媒体、重合性単量体、重合開始剤、無機分散剤および乳化剤を含む組成物を攪拌して、水系媒体中に油滴が分散した液を形成する工程
工程1においては、不活性ガス雰囲気下、水系媒体に、上記重合性単量体、重合開始剤、無機分散剤、乳化剤、およびその他の任意成分を、攪拌翼回転機能のある装置、ホモミキサー、超音波分散機等により攪拌力またはせん断力等を用いて分散する。そして、油滴が水系媒体中に形成された分散液を得る。
本発明の樹脂粒子の製造に用いられる重合性単量体としては、水性媒体中で油滴が分散状態を形成できる重合性単量体であれば特に限定されない。
(メタ)アクリル酸アルキルエステル;(メタ)アクリル酸メチル、(メタ)アクリル酸エチル、(メタ)アクリル酸プロピル、(メタ)アクリル酸ブチル、(メタ)アクリル酸ペンチル、(メタ)アクリル酸ヘキシル、(メタ)アクリル酸-2-エチルヘキシル、(メタ)アクリル酸オクチル、(メタ)アクリル酸ノニル、(メタ)アクリル酸デシルおよび(メタ)アクリル酸ドデシル 等、
(メタ)アクリル酸アリールエステル; (メタ)アクリル酸フェニルおよび(メタ)アクリル酸ベンジル 等、
(メタ)アクリル酸アルコキシアルキル;(メタ)アクリル酸メトキシエチル、(メタ)アクリル酸エトキシエチル、(メタ)アクリル酸プロポキシエチル、(メタ)アクリル酸ブトキシエチルおよび(メタ)アクリル酸エトキシプロピル 等、
(メタ)アクリル酸および(メタ)アクリル酸アルカリ金属塩などの塩;
脂環式アルコールの(メタ)アクリル酸エステル;(メタ)アクリル酸シクロヘキシル 等が挙げられる。
オキサゾリン基含有重合性化合物;2-ビニル-2-オキサゾリン、2-ビニル-5-メチル-2-オキサゾリンおよび2-イソプロペニル-2-オキサゾリン 等、
アジリジン基含有重合性化合物;(メタ)アクリロイルアジリジン、(メタ)アクリル酸-2-アジリジニルエチル 等、
エポキシ基含有ビニル単量体;アリルグリシジルエーテル、(メタ)アクリル酸グリシジルエーテル、および(メタ)アクリル酸-2-エチルグリシジルエーテル 等、
ヒドロキシル基含有ビニル化合物;(メタ)アクリル酸-2-ヒドロキシエチル、(メタ)アクリル酸-2-ヒドロキシプロピル、(メタ)アクリル酸-2-ヒドロキシブチル、(メタ)アクリル酸とポリプロピレングリコールまたはポリエチレングリコールとのモノエステルおよびラクトン類と(メタ)アクリル酸-2-ヒドロキシエチルとの付加物 等、
含フッ素ビニル単量体;フッ素置換(メタ)アクリル酸アルキルエステル 等、
カルボキシル基含有ビニル単量体;(メタ)アクリル酸、イタコン酸、クロトン酸、マレイン酸およびフマル酸のような不飽和カルボン酸、これらの塩並びにこれらの(部分)エステル化合物および酸無水物 等、
反応性ハロゲン含有ビニル単量体;(メタ)アクリル酸-2-クロロエチル、2-クロルエチルビニルエーテル、モノクロロ酢酸ビニルおよび塩化ビニリデン 等、
アミド基含有ビニル単量体;(メタ)アクリルアミド、N-メチロール(メタ)アクリルアミド、N-メトキシエチル(メタ)アクリルアミドおよびN-ブトキシメチル(メタ)アクリルアミド 等、
有機ケイ素基含有ビニル化合物単量体;ビニルトリメトキシシラン、3-メタクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、アリルトリメトキシシラン、トリメトキシシリルプロピルアリルアミンおよび2-メトキシエトキシトリメトキシシラン 等、
その他、マクロモノマー類;上記単量体の共重合物末端にラジカル重合性ビニル基を有する物質(例えば;フッ素系マクロモノマー、シリコン含有マクロモノマー、ウレタン系マクロモノマー)、
アクリロニトリル;酢酸ビニル;を挙げることができる。
二官能性単量体;エチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、トリエチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、テトラエチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、ジエチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、ポリオキシエチレンジ(メタ)アクリレート、ネオペンチルグリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、1,4-ブタンジオールジ(メタ)アクリレート、1,6-ヘキサンジオールジ(メタ)アクリレート、1,9-ノナンジオールジ(メタ)アクリレート、ジビニルベンゼン 等、
三官能性単量体;トリメチロールプロパントリアクリレート、トリメチロールエタントリ(メタ)アクリレート、ペンタエリスリトールトリ(メタ)アクリレート、ジペンタエリスリトールトリ(メタ)アクリレート、エトキシ化トリメチロールプロパーントリ(メタ)アクリレート、プロポキシ化トリメチロールプロパーントリ(メタ)アクリレート、トリス(2-(メタ)アクリロキシエチルイソシアヌレート) 等、
四官能以上の単量体;ペンタエリスリトールテトラ(メタ)アクリレート、エトキシ化ペンタエリスリトールテトラ(メタ)アクリレート、プロポキシ化ペンタエリスリトールテトラ(メタ)アクリレート、ジペンタエリスリトールテトラ(メタ)アクリレート、エトキシ化ジペンタエリスリトールテトラ(メタ)アクリレート、プロポキシ化ジペンタエリスリトールテトラ(メタ)アクリレート、ジトリメチロールプロパーンテトラ(メタ)アクリレート、エトキシ化ジトリメチロールプロパーンテトラ(メタ)アクリレートおよびエトキシ化ジトリメチロールプロパーンテトラ(メタ)アクリレートなどのテトラ(メタ)アクリレート化合物、
ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート、トリメチルヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート、ジイソシアネートメチルシクロヘキサン、イソフォロンジイソシアネートおよびメチレンビス(4-シクロヘキシルイソシアネート)のようなジイソシナネートの間に脂肪族を有するジイソシアネート化合物、またはジイソシアネートメチルベンゼンあるいは4,4,-ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネートのような芳香族基を有するジイソシアネート化合物と、グリシドールジ(メタ)アクリレートとの付加反応により得られるアダクト、
ジペンタエリスリトールペンタ(メタ)アクリレート、ジペンタエリスリトールヘキサ(メタ)アクリレート 等が挙げられる。
本発明の樹脂粒子の製造においては、重合開始剤を用いることが好ましい。重合開始剤としては、ラジカル重合開始剤が好ましい。このようなラジカル重合開始剤の例として、有機過酸化物、アゾ系開始剤及びそれ以外のラジカル重合開始剤を挙げることができる。
本発明の樹脂粒子の製造に用いられる無機分散剤としては、シリカ、酸化チタン、アルミナ等が挙げられる。上記無機分散剤の中でも、樹脂粒子と無機分散剤との屈折率が近く光学性能に悪影響を与えない点から、シリカが好ましい。
本発明の樹脂粒子の製造には、上記成分を水性媒体に分散させるために、上記無機分散剤に加えて、乳化剤を使用する。乳化剤の例としては、高分子分散剤および非イオン性界面活性剤、イオン性界面活性剤が挙げられる。
その他必要に応じて、重合禁止剤、酸化防止剤、紫外線吸収剤、消泡剤、近赤外線吸収剤、蛍光増白剤や、顔料、染料の様な着色剤成分を用いる事ができる。
単量体への分散が可能な顔料としては、例えば、パーマネントイエローDHGやピグメントレッド57:1、リオノールブルー7027、カーボンブラック、ブラックパールズ430、二酸化チタン、酸化亜鉛、ベンガラ、群青等の各種の無機・有機顔料等が挙げられる。
本発明の樹脂粒子を得るための製造工程中の[工程1]における組成物は、上記成分が以下の量で、水系媒体中に存在している。以下の量は、全重合性単量体を100重量部として表したものである。
(2)[工程1-1]前記分散液に分散安定剤を加え、攪拌する工程
工程1-1は、不活性ガス雰囲気下で行い、攪拌速度としては、攪拌翼端部の周速度として2~25m/sが好ましく、攪拌時間としては、1~60分が好ましい。攪拌温度としては、重合性単量体が重合しない温度、通常室温で行うことが好ましい。攪拌手段としては、工程1と同様のものが挙げられる。
本発明では、上記無機分散剤および乳化剤を用いて所望する粒子径となる油滴の分散状態を形成した後、形成された分散液を安定化させる為に、分散安定剤を用いる事が好ましい。分散安定剤としては、前記の乳化剤から選択することかでき、中でも高分子分散剤が好ましい。特に、油滴の分散状態を安定化する機能に優れ、安価で用いやすいことから、ポリビニルアルコールや、界面活性剤、例えば、ポリオキシアルキレンフェニルエーテル硫酸塩等が好適である。
(3)[工程2]前記分散液を攪拌しながら加熱し、前記重合性単量体を重合する工程
重合性単量体および重合開始剤からなる油滴が分散された後、攪拌等により分散状態を保ちながら、不活性ガス雰囲気下で加熱し、重合を行う。
このようにして得られた本発明の樹脂粒子は、以下の性質を有する。
樹脂粒子表面の無機分散剤被覆量は、下記式(I)により計算で算出すると、0.0001~0.02g/m2であり、好ましくは0.0005~0.015g/m2である。
樹脂粒子表面の無機分散剤の被覆量=
(無機分散剤の量(重量部)/重合性単量体の量(重量部))/Malvern Instruments Ltd 製マスターサイザー2000で測定した樹脂粒子比表面積・・・(I)
(ただし式(I)右辺の無機分散剤および重合性単量体の量は、樹脂粒子製造時の仕込み量であり、重合性単量体の量を100重量部とする)
上記式は、無機分散剤が全て樹脂粒子の表面に吸着したものとして算出した値である。
本発明の樹脂粒子が上記物性となる理由としては、以下の理由が考えられる。
一方、乳化剤は、極微量を添加するだけでも、無機分散剤の電位を変化させる事ができ、
無機分散剤と共に油滴表面の電位に働く。
(6)用途
得られた樹脂粒子は、化粧品、光学材料、成型用樹脂、フィルムのブロッキング防止、塗料等に用いることができる。
本件明細書および実施例における各数値は、以下の測定方法で測定した。
測定試料調整:実施例により得られた樹脂粒子を0.25g 計量し、ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウムを0.025g、純水50g を加えた系を超音波分散機(装置名:ULTRASONIC HOMOGENIZER UH-50、株式会社SMT製、周波数20kHz)にて10分間分散したものを測定試料とした。
測定装置:マスターサイザー2000(レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置)、Malvern Instruments Ltd 製
測定条件:分散媒 水、解析モデル 汎用、粒子屈折率1.50、分散媒屈折率1.33
体積平均粒子径は、記載の測定条件により得られたD(4,3)(体積基準平均径)とした。
以下の式により求めた。
樹脂粒子表面の無機分散剤の被覆量(MS比表面積に基づく計算値)=
(無機分散剤の量(重量部)/重合性単量体の量(重量部))/Malvern Instruments Ltd 製マスターサイザー2000で測定した樹脂粒子比表面積・・・(I)
(ただし式(I)右辺の無機分散剤および重合性単量体の量は、樹脂粒子製造時の仕込み量であり、重合性単量体の量を100重量部とする)
<評価3:CV 値>
測定試料調整:実施例により得られた樹脂粒子を0.25g 計量し、ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウムを0.05g、純水50g を加えた系を超音波分散機にて10分間分散したものを測定試料とする。
(i)測定試料の体積平均粒子径が75μm以下の場合
測定装置:FPIA3000(フロー式粒子像分析装置)、シスメックス株式会社製
測定条件:粒子径が10μm以上の場合はLPFモード、10μm以下の場合はHPFモードにて測定を行った。測定個数は5万個測定した。解析は円相当径(個数基準)により行い、そこで求められたCV値を用いた。
(ii)測定試料の体積平均粒子径が75μmを超える場合
デジタルマイクロスコープ((株)キーエンス製)にて450倍で撮影した場合の粒子50個の粒子径を実測し、その標準偏差を用いてCv値とした。
抽出方法:実施例により得られた樹脂粒子100g、超純水200gを24時間、振とう器にて分散させた濾液を孔径0.2μmのフィルターで濾過したものを測定試料とした。
測定装置:Metrohm Ltd. 社製、 761 Compact IC
測定条件:カラム(Shodex IC SI-90 4E[4.0×250mm])、移動相(2.0mM NaHCO/2.0mM NaCO)、流速(1.2ml/min)、カラム温度(20.0℃)
測定試料量:20.0μl
尚、計測濃度は粒子100gに対する溶出濃度に換算する。
抽出方法:実施例により得られた樹脂粒子100g、超純水200gを24時間、振とう器にて分散させた濾液を孔径0.2μmのフィルターで濾過したものを測定試料とした。
測定装置:誘導結合プラズマ発光分析法(ICP/AES)(VISTA-PRO:VARIAN製)
測定条件:誘導結合プラズマ発光分析法にて測定した。(Naの原子吸光用標準試料(1000ppm)を純水で希釈し、濃塩酸を加え1~50ppm濃度範囲で検量線用試料を作成する。計測試料に検量線試料と同濃度となる塩酸を加え、上記測定装置にて測定した。)
尚、計測濃度は粒子100gに対する溶出濃度に換算する。
(塗工液調整)
1.実施例1により得られた樹脂粒子を3g、トルエンを4.45gを計量し、攪拌棒を用いて50回攪拌する。
2.アクリル系バインダー(U-245B 綜研化学(株)製)を2g加え攪拌棒を用いて50回攪拌する。
3.ポリイソシアネート系硬化剤を0.88g加え、攪拌棒を用いて50回攪拌し、塗工液を得た。
4.実施例4、比較例3、7および8、参考例1で得られた樹脂粒子についても同様にして、それぞれの塗工液を得た。
上記塗工液を自動塗工機を用いて下記条件にて塗工を行った。
塗工機:Rkプリントコートインスツルメンツ社
塗工機名:Kコントロールコーター101
バー:No3(ウエット膜厚24μm)
塗工速度:5cm/ sec
乾燥条件:80℃、3分(温度調節可能な熱循環式乾燥機)
基材:100μmPET
(輝度測定)
上記塗工した試料を、輝度計を用いて下記条件にて測定を行った。バックライトは1200cd/m2に設定し、シートを1枚載せて測定を行った。
輝度計(高機能・汎用輝度・色ずれ計測システム):RISA-COLOR/CD8 HI-LAND社
輝度測定条件:分割方式で計測、縦10ブロック横10ブロックの計100ブロック、サンプルサイズ6cm×4.5cmとし、測定範囲はサンプル枠内に5.5cm×4cmを設定。カメラからサンプルまでの距離は152cmとした。
実施例で得られた樹脂粒子1.5gに溶剤メチルエチルケトン3.5gを添加して10mlねじ口沈殿管(外径16.5mm、高さ105mm)に分散後、24時間静置する。
ATR社製、転倒回転型攪拌器ロータミックスに前記沈殿管をセットして回転数10rpmで攪拌する。
粒子が完全に再分散するまでの回転数を測定する。
測定試料調整:無機分散剤を、分散媒として精製水を用いて無機分散剤の粒子径が100nm未満の場合は1重量%の濃度に調整し、粒子径が100nm以上の場合は0.1重量%の濃度に調整した。測定試料の体積平均粒子径を、下記測定装置を用いて下記測定条件で測定した。
測定装置:ゼータサイザー3000HSA(Malvern Instruments Ltd 製)、ディスポーザブルPPセル使用。
測定条件:測定条件Auto、解析モードContin、測定回数2回の平均値。該条件で得られたZ平均径を無機分散剤の平均一次粒子径とする。
<評価9:無機分散剤の分散時の平均粒子径>
測定試料調整:分散媒として精製水を用い乳化剤を実施例、比較例の濃度に調整した後、無機分散剤を添加して、無機分散剤の平均一次粒子径が100nm未満の場合は濃度が1重量%になるように、無機分散剤の平均一次粒子径が100nm未満の場合は濃度が0.1重量%になるように調整し、試料とした。測定試料の体積平均粒子径を、下記測定装置を用いて下記測定条件で測定した。
測定装置:ゼータサイザー3000HSA(Malvern Instruments Ltd 製)
測定条件:測定条件Auto、解析モードContin、測定回数2回の平均値。該条件で得られたZ平均径を無機分散剤の分散時の平均粒子径とする。
<評価10:無機分散剤の再分散性>
測定試料調整:分散媒として精製水を用い乳化剤を実施例、比較例の濃度に調整した後、無機分散剤を添加して、無機分散剤の濃度が1重量%になるように調整し、分散状態とした後、精製水を用い2倍に希釈し、再分散確認試料とした。
測定試料の体積平均粒子径を、評価9と同様にして測定した。
温度計と窒素導入管とを装着した、容量1リットルの四つ口フラスコに、メチルメタクリレート(MMA)140g、トリメチロールプロパントリアクリレート(TMPTA)60g、開始剤としてラウロイルパーオキサイド(LPO)1.0g投入して溶解させた。次に水200g、コロイダルシリカ(平均一次粒子径9nm)0.4g、ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル0.02gを計量し、ホモミキサー(T.K.ホモミクサーMARKII2.5 型プライミクス(株)社製)にて室温で8000rpm(11.7m/s)で3分乳化した。この乳化液に分散安定剤としてポリビニルアルコール(商品名PVA-420(株)クラレ製) 1.0gを水200gに溶解した溶解液を添加した。攪拌羽根は直径75mmのタービン羽根を使用し、室温で100rpm(0.39m/s)にて攪拌した。
重合性単量体、分散剤および乳化剤の量を表1に記載の配合とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして樹脂粒子を得た。
重合性単量体、分散剤および乳化剤の量を表1に記載の配合とし、ホモミキサーの回転数を4000rpm(5.9m/s)とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして樹脂粒子を得た。
重合性単量体、分散剤および乳化剤の量を表1に記載の配合とし、ホモミキサーの回転数を2000rpm(2.9m/s)とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして樹脂粒子を得た。
ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテルの代わりにラウリルトリメチルアンモニウムクロライド 0.004gに変えた以外は実施例1と同様にして樹脂粒子を得た。
ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテルの代わりにステアリルベタイン 0.04gに変えた以外は実施例1と同様にして樹脂粒子を得た。
1,4-ブタンジオールを2.5g、イソシアネート成分としてヘキサメチレンジイソシアネートのイソシアヌレート型ポリイソシアネートを47.5g、触媒としてジブチル錫ジラウリレート(商品名 促進剤S 綜研化学(株)製)を0.0015g、希釈溶剤としてメチルエチルケトン(MEK)32.5gを混合してプレポリマーを調製した。水酸基に対するイシソアネートのモル比は5.0であった。
重合性単量体、分散剤および乳化剤の量を表2に記載の配合とし、実施例1と同様のホモミサー操作を行ったところ、すぐにモノマーと水相での分離がおき、乳化が崩れた。そのため、樹脂粒子を得られなかった。
[比較例3、5、7,8]
重合性単量体、分散剤および乳化剤の量を表2に記載の配合量とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして樹脂粒子を得た。
温度計と窒素導入管とを装着した、容量1リットルの四つ口フラスコに、メチルメタクリレート(MMA)140g、トリメチロールプロパントリアクリレート(TMPTA)60g、開始剤としてラウロイルパーオキサイド(LPO)1.0g投入して溶解させた。次に分散安定剤としてポリビニルアルコール(商品名PVA-420(株)クラレ製)3gを水400gに溶解した溶解液403gを混合し、ホモミキサー(T.K.ホモミクサーMARKII2.5型プライミクス(株)社製)にて4500rpm(6.6m/s)で室温で3分乳化した。攪拌羽根は直径75mmのタービン羽根を使用し、室温で100rpm(0.39m/s)にて攪拌した。
温度計と窒素導入管とを装着した、容量1リットルの四つ口フラスコに、メチルメタクリレート(MMA)180g、エチレングリコールジメタクリレート(EGDMA)20g、メチルポリシリケート4g、開始剤として2,2’-アゾビス(2,4-ジメチルバレロニトリル)1g投入して溶解させた。次に水160g、コロイダルシリカ(16nm)8.0g、塩化ナトリウム2gを混合し、ホモミキサー(T.K.ホモミクサーMARKII2.5型プライミクス(株)製)にて7000rpm(10.3m/s)で室温で3分乳化した。この乳化液に分散安定剤としてポリビニルアルコール(商品名PVA-420(株)クラレ製)2gを水140gに溶解した溶解液を添加した。攪拌羽根は直径75mmのタービン羽根を使用し、室温で100rpm(0.39m/s)にて攪拌した。
表2に記載の配合にて実施例1と同様の操作を行い、重合を行った。シリカを除去する操作として、重合液に水酸化ナトリウム2重量部を添加し、攪拌しながら90℃で2時間保持した。その後、重合液を冷却しエマルションを吸引濾過により脱水し、得られたケーキを300gのイオン交換水にて再分散して、再度、吸引濾過により脱水した。その後、棚段乾燥機にて100℃で5時間乾燥を行った。次いで、粉砕を行い、樹脂粒子を得た。得られた樹脂粒子のシリカ量を測定したところ、除去前のシリカ重量を100%として5%未満であった。
[参考例2]
表2に記載の配合にて、実施例1と同様の操作を行い、樹脂粒子を得た。得られた重合体粒子は平均粒子径が15.2であり、表面積当たりのシリカの被覆量は0.0041g/m2であるが、CV値が61.3%と広く微小・粗大粒子を多く含む結果となった。この時の無機分散剤は、精製水を加えて再分散を試みても一次粒子径を示さず、500nm以上の二次凝集状態であり、凝集体の沈殿物が確認された。
表中の略号は、以下の通りである。
MMA:メタクリル酸メチル、
TMPAT:トリメチロールプロパントリアクリレート、
BA:アクリル酸ブチル、
EGDMA:エチレングリコールジメタクリレート、
St:スチレン、
DVB:ジビニルベンゼン、
MAA:メタクリル酸、
HEMA:2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート、
HDDA:1,6-ヘキサンジオールジアクリレート。
Claims (9)
- 無機分散剤が表面に付着し、体積平均粒子径が1~1000μmである樹脂粒子であって、
下記式(I)
樹脂粒子表面の無機分散剤の被覆量=
(無機分散剤の量(重量部)/重合性単量体の量(重量部))/Malvern Instruments Ltd 製マスターサイザー2000で測定した樹脂粒子比表面積・・・(I)
(ただし式(I)右辺の無機分散剤および重合性単量体の量は、樹脂粒子製造時の仕込み量であり、重合性単量体の量を100重量部とする)
で求められる前記樹脂粒子表面の前記無機分散剤の被覆量が、0.0001~0.02g/m2であることを特徴とする樹脂粒子。 - CV値が10~50%である請求項1に記載の樹脂粒子。
- 樹脂粒子に対する溶出ハロゲン濃度が、24ppm未満であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の樹脂粒子。
- 樹脂粒子に対する溶出金属濃度が、20ppm未満であることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の樹脂粒子。
- 前記無機分散剤がシリカであることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の樹脂粒子。
- [工程1]水系媒体、重合性単量体、重合開始剤、無機分散剤および乳化剤を含む組成物を攪拌して、水系媒体中に油滴が分散した液を形成する工程と、
[工程2]前記分散液を攪拌しながら加熱し、前記重合性単量体を重合する工程とを
有することを特徴とする樹脂粒子の製造方法。 - 前記[工程1]において、前記重合性単量体100重量部に対して前記無機分散剤を0.01~2.0重量部の量で用いることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の樹脂粒子の製造方法。
- 前記[工程1]において、前記無機分散剤の系への添加前の平均一次粒子径が1~500nmであることを特徴とする請求項6または7に記載の樹脂粒子の製造方法。
- 前記無機分散剤が、コロイダルシリカであることを特徴とする請求項6~8のいずれかに記載の樹脂粒子の製造方法。
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- 2010-11-17 JP JP2011541931A patent/JPWO2011062173A1/ja active Pending
- 2010-11-17 EP EP20100831567 patent/EP2502940A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-11-17 US US13/505,748 patent/US20120238705A1/en not_active Abandoned
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KR102133923B1 (ko) | 2011-09-29 | 2020-07-14 | 가부시기가이샤 닛뽕쇼꾸바이 | 비닐 중합체 미립자, 그 제조방법, 수지 조성물 및 광학용 재료 |
KR102141982B1 (ko) * | 2011-09-29 | 2020-08-06 | 가부시기가이샤 닛뽕쇼꾸바이 | 비닐 중합체 미립자, 그 제조방법, 수지 조성물 및 광학용 재료 |
KR20140080484A (ko) * | 2011-09-29 | 2014-06-30 | 가부시기가이샤 닛뽕쇼꾸바이 | 비닐 중합체 미립자, 그 제조방법, 수지 조성물 및 광학용 재료 |
KR20190099540A (ko) * | 2011-09-29 | 2019-08-27 | 가부시기가이샤 닛뽕쇼꾸바이 | 비닐 중합체 미립자, 그 제조방법, 수지 조성물 및 광학용 재료 |
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KR20160071443A (ko) | 2013-11-13 | 2016-06-21 | 세키스이가세이힝코교가부시키가이샤 | 복합 입자, 복합 입자의 제조 방법 및 그 용도 |
US10876010B2 (en) | 2013-11-13 | 2020-12-29 | Sekisui Kasei Co., Ltd. | Composite particles, method for producing composite particles, and use thereof |
JPWO2015071984A1 (ja) * | 2013-11-13 | 2017-03-09 | 積水化成品工業株式会社 | 複合粒子、複合粒子の製造方法、及び、その用途 |
TWI579325B (zh) * | 2013-11-18 | 2017-04-21 | 積水化成品工業股份有限公司 | 複合粒子、複合粒子的製造方法及其用途 |
US10174190B2 (en) | 2014-04-25 | 2019-01-08 | Sekisui Plastics Co., Ltd. | Composite particles, method for producing composite particles, and use thereof |
JP2018514638A (ja) * | 2015-02-26 | 2018-06-07 | ポリント コンポジッツ ユーエスエイ インコーポレイテッド | 充填剤 |
KR20170128379A (ko) * | 2015-02-26 | 2017-11-22 | 폴린트 컴포지츠 유에스에이 인코포레이티드 | 충전제 |
KR102400413B1 (ko) * | 2015-02-26 | 2022-05-19 | 폴린트 컴포지츠 유에스에이 인코포레이티드 | 충전제 |
US11098167B2 (en) | 2015-09-30 | 2021-08-24 | Sekisui Plastics Co., Ltd. | Polymer particles and use thereof |
JP2017016150A (ja) * | 2016-09-28 | 2017-01-19 | 積水化成品工業株式会社 | アクリル系樹脂粒子、塗料組成物及び光学材料 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20120116393A (ko) | 2012-10-22 |
CN102597012B (zh) | 2015-09-23 |
IN2012DN04969A (ja) | 2015-09-25 |
EP2502940A4 (en) | 2013-05-29 |
JP2015193861A (ja) | 2015-11-05 |
CA2779893A1 (en) | 2011-05-26 |
TW201124432A (en) | 2011-07-16 |
EP2502940A1 (en) | 2012-09-26 |
JPWO2011062173A1 (ja) | 2013-04-04 |
CN102597012A (zh) | 2012-07-18 |
US20120238705A1 (en) | 2012-09-20 |
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