CA2525626A1 - Packaging material consisting of an at least double-layered composite material for producing containers for packing liquids - Google Patents
Packaging material consisting of an at least double-layered composite material for producing containers for packing liquids Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2525626A1 CA2525626A1 CA002525626A CA2525626A CA2525626A1 CA 2525626 A1 CA2525626 A1 CA 2525626A1 CA 002525626 A CA002525626 A CA 002525626A CA 2525626 A CA2525626 A CA 2525626A CA 2525626 A1 CA2525626 A1 CA 2525626A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- paper
- cardboard
- packaging material
- aqueous
- polymer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 3
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000011111 cardboard Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- -1 alkyl ketene dimer Chemical compound 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229920006317 cationic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethenol Chemical compound OC=C IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims 3
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000011087 paperboard Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 abstract 4
- 150000001399 aluminium compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 37
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 24
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 24
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 description 18
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 17
- UYMKPFRHYYNDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenamine Chemical group NC=C UYMKPFRHYYNDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 16
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 16
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- ZQXSMRAEXCEDJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethenylformamide Chemical compound C=CNC=O ZQXSMRAEXCEDJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 229920000962 poly(amidoamine) Polymers 0.000 description 10
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aziridine Chemical compound C1CN1 NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylacrylonitrile Chemical compound CC(=C)C#N GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 9
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 6
- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- OSSNTDFYBPYIEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylimidazole Chemical compound C=CN1C=CN=C1 OSSNTDFYBPYIEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DPBJAVGHACCNRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CN(C)CCOC(=O)C=C DPBJAVGHACCNRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VVJKKWFAADXIJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Allylamine Chemical compound NCC=C VVJKKWFAADXIJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 4
- KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl chloride Chemical compound ClCC1=CC=CC=C1 KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229940073608 benzyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethane Chemical compound ClC NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl sulfate Chemical compound COS(=O)(=O)OC VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- HXVJQEGYAYABRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-4,5-dihydroimidazole Chemical compound C=CN1CCN=C1 HXVJQEGYAYABRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JKNCOURZONDCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CN(C)CCOC(=O)C(C)=C JKNCOURZONDCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CFVWNXQPGQOHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)COC(=O)C=C CFVWNXQPGQOHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WWJCRUKUIQRCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(dimethylamino)propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CN(C)CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C WWJCRUKUIQRCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-NJFSPNSNSA-N chloro(114C)methane Chemical compound [14CH3]Cl NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011436 cob Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010556 emulsion polymerization method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC=C UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- JWYVGKFDLWWQJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylazepan-2-one Chemical compound C=CN1CCCCCC1=O JWYVGKFDLWWQJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XHZPRMZZQOIPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC(C)(C)NC(=O)C=C XHZPRMZZQOIPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFQHFMGRRVQFNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(dimethylamino)propyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CN(C)CCCOC(=O)C=C UFQHFMGRRVQFNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WZISPVCKWGNITO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(diethylamino)-2-methylidenebutanamide Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCC(=C)C(N)=O WZISPVCKWGNITO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZWAPMFBHEQZLGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(dimethylamino)-2-methylidenepentanamide Chemical compound CN(C)CCCC(=C)C(N)=O ZWAPMFBHEQZLGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylenetriamine Chemical compound NCCNCCN RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical compound CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006845 Michael addition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004368 Modified starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 2
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical group CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003926 acrylamides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000005250 alkyl acrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000009435 amidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007112 amidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron trifluoride Chemical compound FB(F)F WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001244 carboxylic acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004985 dialkyl amino alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- DENRZWYUOJLTMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl sulfate Chemical compound CCOS(=O)(=O)OCC DENRZWYUOJLTMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940008406 diethyl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC=C FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MEGHWIAOTJPCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl butanoate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OC=C MEGHWIAOTJPCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001600 hydrophobic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002655 kraft paper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229940050176 methyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- RCLLINSDAJVOHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethyl-n',n'-dimethylprop-2-enehydrazide Chemical compound CCN(N(C)C)C(=O)C=C RCLLINSDAJVOHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229920000371 poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007870 radical polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N suberic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCC(O)=O TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- WHOZNOZYMBRCBL-OUKQBFOZSA-N (2E)-2-Tetradecenal Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC\C=C\C=O WHOZNOZYMBRCBL-OUKQBFOZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002818 (Hydroxyethyl)methacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B32B29/00—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/10—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of paper or cardboard
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
- D21H19/72—Coated paper characterised by the paper substrate
- D21H19/76—Coated paper characterised by the paper substrate the substrate having specific absorbent properties
- D21H19/78—Coated paper characterised by the paper substrate the substrate having specific absorbent properties being substantially impervious to the coating
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
- D21H27/10—Packing paper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/726—Permeability to liquids, absorption
- B32B2307/7265—Non-permeable
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2553/00—Packaging equipment or accessories not otherwise provided for
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
- D21H19/02—Metal coatings
- D21H19/04—Metal coatings applied as foil
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
- D21H19/10—Coatings without pigments
- D21H19/14—Coatings without pigments applied in a form other than the aqueous solution defined in group D21H19/12
- D21H19/20—Coatings without pigments applied in a form other than the aqueous solution defined in group D21H19/12 comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
- D21H19/10—Coatings without pigments
- D21H19/14—Coatings without pigments applied in a form other than the aqueous solution defined in group D21H19/12
- D21H19/20—Coatings without pigments applied in a form other than the aqueous solution defined in group D21H19/12 comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H19/22—Polyalkenes, e.g. polystyrene
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
- D21H19/10—Coatings without pigments
- D21H19/14—Coatings without pigments applied in a form other than the aqueous solution defined in group D21H19/12
- D21H19/24—Coatings without pigments applied in a form other than the aqueous solution defined in group D21H19/12 comprising macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H19/30—Polyamides; Polyimides
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
- D21H19/80—Paper comprising more than one coating
- D21H19/84—Paper comprising more than one coating on both sides of the substrate
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/16—Sizing or water-repelling agents
Landscapes
- Paper (AREA)
- Wrappers (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a packaging material consisting of an at least double-layered composite comprising paper or cardboard which is glued into the mass by means of a polymer gluing agent and at least one film which is impermeable to water, for producing containers for packing liquids. The invention also relates to the use of paper products for producing containers for packing liquids, especially drinks, said paper products being respectively obtained by (i) gluing a paper material consisting of an aqueous suspension of cellulose fibres into the mass by means of at least one polymer gluing agent or a polymer gluing agent and an aqueous dispersion of an alkyl ketene dimer or the mixtures thereof in the presence of a retention agent and optionally a water-soluble aluminium compound and optionally at least one cationic polymer, (ii) the paper material is drained on the wire of a paper machine, (iii) the paper product is dried, and (iv) the paper product is laminated on one or both sides with a plastic or metal film.
Description
PACKAGING MATERIAL CONSISTING OF AN AT LEAST DOUBLE-LAYERED COMPOSITE MATERIAL FOR PRODUCING
CONTAINERS FOR PACKING LIQUIDS
Description The present invention relates to a packaging material comprising an at least two-layer laminate of sized paper or sized cardboard and at least one water-impermeable film or foil for packaging liquids, and to the use of paper products which have been engine sized and which have been laminated on one or both sides with a plastics film or metal foil, for producing containers for packaging liquids, in particular beverages.
EP-B-0 292 975 discloses the use of an emulsion of an alkylketene dimer in combination with a cationic rosin size and an agent imparting insolubility, such as alum, for producing cardboard for packaging liquids. The cardboard is produced by adding size and alum to an aqueous slurry of cellulose fibers and draining the paper stock on a wire.
EP-A-1 091 043 discloses a process for producing a coated packaging cardboard, an aqueous slurry of cellulose fibers being engine sized with an aqueous dispersion of a rosin size, a synthetic size, such as alkylketene dimer, and at least one aluminum compound and the aqueous slurry being drained on a wire. The aqueous dispersions of engine sizes can, if appropriate, comprise a dispersant, e.g. cationic starch, casein, cellulose derivatives, polyvinyl alcohols, polyacrylamides or polyethylenimines. The cardboard is usually coated after the sizing.
Paper products laminated ~on both sides with a liquid-impermeable layer and intended for packaging foods are disclosed in WO-A-02!090206. The paper products are engine sized with aqueous dispersions of alkylketene dimers. The amount of alkylketene dimers is at least 0.25, preferably 0.25 - 0.4, % by weight, based on the weight of the dry paper products.
Further multilayer packaging materials whose base layer consists of paper or cardboard are described, for example, in WO-A-97102140, WO-A-97/02181 and WO-A-98/18680.
The prior art also discloses the use of size mixtures comprising aqueous dispersions of alkylketene dimers and polymer sizes for the engine sizing of paper and cardboard, cf.
DE-A-32 35 529, WO-A=94/05855 and WO-A-96/31650.
Tha prior German application 10237913.0 discloses a process for producing cardboard for packaging liquids. In thi s process, the cardboard is produced by engine sizing of an aqueous slurry of cellulose fibers with at least one engine size in the presence of at least one retention aid and at least one cationic polymer and, if appropriate, a water-soluble aluminum compound and drainage of the paper stock on a wire. Sizes described are alkylketene dimers, alkyl- and alkenylsuccinic anhydrides, alkyl isocyanates, combinations of rosin size and alum and combinations of reaction products of rosin size with carboxylic anhydrides and alum.
It is an object of the present invention to provide further packaging materials based on paper products, where the packagings should have in particular improved edge penetration and improved adhesion of the laminates to paper or cardboard.
We have found that this object is achieved, according to the invention, by a packaging material comprising an at least two-layer laminate of a sized paper or sized cardboard and at least one water-impermeable film or foil for producing containers for packaging liquids, if the paper or the cardboard is in each case engine sized with a polymer size.
The present invention also relates to the use of paper products which are obtainable in each case by engine sizing of a paper stock comprising an aqueous slurry of cellulose fibers with at least one polymer size as an engine size or with a polymer size and an aqueous dispersion of an alkylketene dimer or a mixture thereof in the presence of a retention aid and, if appropriate, of a water-soluble aluminum compound and, if appropriate, at least one cationic polymer, drainage of the paper stock on the wire of a paper machine, drying of the paper product and lamination of the paper product on one or both sides with a plastics film or metal foil, for producing containers for packaging liquids, in particular beverages.
All cellulose fibers usually used in the paper industry, for example fibers of wood pulp and all annual plants, can be used for producing sized paper or sized cardboard.
Mechanical pulp is understood as meaning, for example, groundwood, thermomechanical pulp (TMP), chemothermomechanical pulp (CTMP), pressure groundwood, semichemical pulp, high-yield pulp, refiner mechanical pulp (RMP) and wastepaper. Pulps which can be used in bleached or in unbleached form are also suitable. Examples of these are sulfate, sulfite and soda pulps. Unbleached pulps, which are also referred to as unbleached kraft pulp, are preferably used. The fibers may be used alone or as a mixture with one another.
CONTAINERS FOR PACKING LIQUIDS
Description The present invention relates to a packaging material comprising an at least two-layer laminate of sized paper or sized cardboard and at least one water-impermeable film or foil for packaging liquids, and to the use of paper products which have been engine sized and which have been laminated on one or both sides with a plastics film or metal foil, for producing containers for packaging liquids, in particular beverages.
EP-B-0 292 975 discloses the use of an emulsion of an alkylketene dimer in combination with a cationic rosin size and an agent imparting insolubility, such as alum, for producing cardboard for packaging liquids. The cardboard is produced by adding size and alum to an aqueous slurry of cellulose fibers and draining the paper stock on a wire.
EP-A-1 091 043 discloses a process for producing a coated packaging cardboard, an aqueous slurry of cellulose fibers being engine sized with an aqueous dispersion of a rosin size, a synthetic size, such as alkylketene dimer, and at least one aluminum compound and the aqueous slurry being drained on a wire. The aqueous dispersions of engine sizes can, if appropriate, comprise a dispersant, e.g. cationic starch, casein, cellulose derivatives, polyvinyl alcohols, polyacrylamides or polyethylenimines. The cardboard is usually coated after the sizing.
Paper products laminated ~on both sides with a liquid-impermeable layer and intended for packaging foods are disclosed in WO-A-02!090206. The paper products are engine sized with aqueous dispersions of alkylketene dimers. The amount of alkylketene dimers is at least 0.25, preferably 0.25 - 0.4, % by weight, based on the weight of the dry paper products.
Further multilayer packaging materials whose base layer consists of paper or cardboard are described, for example, in WO-A-97102140, WO-A-97/02181 and WO-A-98/18680.
The prior art also discloses the use of size mixtures comprising aqueous dispersions of alkylketene dimers and polymer sizes for the engine sizing of paper and cardboard, cf.
DE-A-32 35 529, WO-A=94/05855 and WO-A-96/31650.
Tha prior German application 10237913.0 discloses a process for producing cardboard for packaging liquids. In thi s process, the cardboard is produced by engine sizing of an aqueous slurry of cellulose fibers with at least one engine size in the presence of at least one retention aid and at least one cationic polymer and, if appropriate, a water-soluble aluminum compound and drainage of the paper stock on a wire. Sizes described are alkylketene dimers, alkyl- and alkenylsuccinic anhydrides, alkyl isocyanates, combinations of rosin size and alum and combinations of reaction products of rosin size with carboxylic anhydrides and alum.
It is an object of the present invention to provide further packaging materials based on paper products, where the packagings should have in particular improved edge penetration and improved adhesion of the laminates to paper or cardboard.
We have found that this object is achieved, according to the invention, by a packaging material comprising an at least two-layer laminate of a sized paper or sized cardboard and at least one water-impermeable film or foil for producing containers for packaging liquids, if the paper or the cardboard is in each case engine sized with a polymer size.
The present invention also relates to the use of paper products which are obtainable in each case by engine sizing of a paper stock comprising an aqueous slurry of cellulose fibers with at least one polymer size as an engine size or with a polymer size and an aqueous dispersion of an alkylketene dimer or a mixture thereof in the presence of a retention aid and, if appropriate, of a water-soluble aluminum compound and, if appropriate, at least one cationic polymer, drainage of the paper stock on the wire of a paper machine, drying of the paper product and lamination of the paper product on one or both sides with a plastics film or metal foil, for producing containers for packaging liquids, in particular beverages.
All cellulose fibers usually used in the paper industry, for example fibers of wood pulp and all annual plants, can be used for producing sized paper or sized cardboard.
Mechanical pulp is understood as meaning, for example, groundwood, thermomechanical pulp (TMP), chemothermomechanical pulp (CTMP), pressure groundwood, semichemical pulp, high-yield pulp, refiner mechanical pulp (RMP) and wastepaper. Pulps which can be used in bleached or in unbleached form are also suitable. Examples of these are sulfate, sulfite and soda pulps. Unbleached pulps, which are also referred to as unbleached kraft pulp, are preferably used. The fibers may be used alone or as a mixture with one another.
in the engine sizing of paper or cardboard, sizing is carried out during the process for the production of these materials, by adding an engine size to the paper stock and draining said paper stock on the wire of a paper machine with sheet formation.
According to the invention, the engine size used is a polymer size comprising synthetic polymers. The polymer sizes disclosed in JP-A-58/115 196 are aqueous polymer dispersions which are a paper size and at the same time increase the strength of paper. These dispersions are prepared by polymerization of, for example, styrene and alkyl acrylates in the presence of starch and free radical polymerization initiators in an aqueous medium. The starch used in each case is digested or degraded before the polymerization, so that it is soluble in water. The polymers of these dispersions are graft polymers of styrene and alkyl acrylates on starch or modified starch.
Further polymer sizes are disclosed in EP-B-0 257 412 and EP-B-0 267 770. They are prepared by copolymerization of acrylonitrile andlor methacrylonitrile and at least one acrylate of a monohydric, saturated C3- to C8-alcohol by an emulsion polymerization method in an aqueous solution which comprises a degraded starch, in the presence of free radical initiators, preferably hydrogen peroxide or redox initiators. The degraded starches have viscosities n; of from 0.04 to 0.50 dl/g. Such starches are obtained, for example, in an oxidative, thermal, acidolytic or enzymatic degradation of a natural or cationically or anionically modified starch. Natural starches from potatoes, wheat, corn, rice or tapioca are advantageously used. An enzymatically degraded potato starch is preferred. The degraded starches act as emulsifiers in the copolymerization _of, fnr example, styrene and n-butyl acrylate in an aqueous medium. The aqueous solution in which the copolymerization is carried out comprises, for example, from 1 to 25% by weight of at least one degraded starch. For example, from 10 to 150 preferably from 40 to 100, parts by weight of the abovementioned monomers are polymerized in 100 parts by weight of such a solution. Instead of acrylonitrile and/or methacrylonitrile, it is also possible to use styrene in the copolymerization, cf. WO-A-94/05855. Aqueous dispersions of copolymers having a mean particle diameter of, for example, from 50 to 500 nm, preferably from 100 to 300 nm, are obtained. These polymer dispersions are presumably graft polymers of the monomers used in each case tin degraded starch.
Further polymer sizes based on copolymers of styrene.and C3- to C8-alkyl (meth)acrylates are disclosed in WO 02!14393. They are prepared by copofymerization of said monomers in an aqueous medium in the presence of degraded starch and free radical polymerization initiators by a two-stage process.
Other suitable polymer sizes are those aqueous polymer dispersions which can be prepared in the presence of synthetic polymeric protective colloids. They are obtainable, for example, by copolymerization of from 2 to 32 parts of a mixture of (a) styrene, acrylonitrile and/or methacrylonitrile, (b) acrylates and/or methacryiates of C,- to C,8-alcohofs andlor vinyl esters of saturated C2- to C4-carboxylic acids and, if required, (c) other monoethylenically unsaturated copolymerizable monomers in aqueous solution in the presence of 1 part by weight of a solution copolymer of (1 ) di-C,- to C4-alkylamino-Cz- to C4-alkyl (meth)acrylates which, if appropriate, may be protonated or quaternized, (2) nonionic, hydrophobic, ethylenically unsaturated monomers, in these monomers, if they are polymerized by themselves, form hydrophobic polymers, and, if appropriate, (3) monoethylenically unsaturated C3- to CS-carboxylic acids or their anhydrides, the molar ratio of (1) : (2) : (3) being 1 : 2.5 to 10 : 0 to 1.5, copolymerized.
First, a solution copolymer i ~ prepared by copolymerizing the monomers of groups (1) and (2) and, if appropriate, (3) in a water-miscible organic solvent. Suitable solvents are, for example, C,- to Ca-carboxylic acids, such as formic acid; acetic acid and propionic acid, or C,- to C4-alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol or isopropanol, and ketoses, such as acetone. Preferably used monomers of group {1) are dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, dimethylaminopropyl methacrylate and dimethylaminopropyl acrylate. The monomers of group (1) are preferably used in protonated or in quaternized form.
Suitable quaternizing agents are, for example, methyl chloride, dimethyl sulfate and benzyl chloride.
Monomers of group (2) which are used are nonionic, hydrophobic, ethylenicafly unsaturated compounds which, if they are polymerized by themselves, form hydrophobic polymers. These include, for example, styrene, methylstyrene, C,-to C,$-alkyl esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, for example methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate and isobutyl acrylate, and isobutyl rnethacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate and tert-butyl methacrylate. Acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate and vinyl butyrate are also suitable. Mixtures of the monomers of group (2) can also be used in the copoiymerization, for example mixtures of styrene and isobutyl acrylate.
The solution copolymers serving as an emulsifier can, if appropriate, also comprise monomers of group (3) incorporated in the form of polymerized units, for example monoethylenically unsaturated C3- to CS-carboxylic acids or their anhydrides, e.g.
acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, malefic acid, malefic anhydride or itaconic anhydride. The molar ratio (1) : (2) : (3) is 1 : 2.5 to 10 : 0 to 1.5. The copolymer 5 solutions thus obtained are diluted with water and serve in this form as a protective colloid for the polymerization of the abovementioned monomer mixtures of the components (a) and (b) and, if appropriate, (c). Suitable monomers of group (a) are styrene, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile or mixtures of styrene and acrylonitrile or of styrene and methacrylonitrile. Monomers of group (b) which are used are acrylates andlor methacrylates of C,- to C,8-alcohols andlor vinyl esters of saturated C2- to C4-carboxylic acids. This group of monomers corresponds to the monomers of group (2) which are described above. Preferably used monomers of group (b) are butyl acrylate and butyl methacrylate, e.g. isobutyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate and isobutyl methacrylate. Monomers of group (c) are, for example, monoethylenically unsaturated C3- to C5-carboxylic acids, acrylamidomethylpropanesulfonic acid, sodium vinylsulfonate, vinylimidazole, N-vinylformamide, acrylamide, methacrylamide and N-vinylimidazoline. From 1 to 32 parts by weight of a monomer mixture of the components (a) to (c) are usEd per part by weight of the copolymer. The monomers of the components (a) and (b) can be copolymerized in any desired ratio, e.g. in a molar ratio of from 0.1 : 1 to 1 : 0.1.
The monomers of group (c) are, if required, used for modifying the properties of the copolymers.
Sizes of this type are described, for example, in EP-B-0 051 144, EP-B-0 058 313 and EP-B-0 150 003.
Preferably used polymer sizes are aqueous polymer dispersions which are obtainable by copolymerization of from 20 to 65% by weight of styrene, acrylonitrile and/or methacrylonitrile, from 80 to 35% by weight of acrylates and/or methacrylates of monohydric saturated C3- to Ce- alcohols and from 0 to 20°I° by weight of other monoethylenically unsaturated copolymerizable monomers, such as acrylamide, methacrylamide, vinylformamide, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, malefic acid, itaconic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid or basic monomers, such as dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, dimethylaminopropyl acrylate or dimethylaminopropyl methacrylate, the basic monomers generally being used in the form of hydrochlorides or in a form quaternized with methyl chloride, dimethyl sulfate or benzyl chloride, s in the presence of free radical initiators by an emulsion polymerization method in an aqueous solution of a degraded starch as a protective colloid.
Other preferably used polymer sizes are aqueous polymer dispersions which are obtainable by copolymerization of from 60 to 90% by weight of styrene and/or methylstyrene, from 10 to 40% by weight of 1,3-butadiene and/or isoprene and from 0 to 20% by weight of other monoethylenically unsaturated copolymerizabfe monomers, such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, acrylamide, methacrylamide or N-vinylpyrrolidone, in the presence of free radical initiators by an emulsion polymerization method in an aqueous solution of a degraded starch as a protective colloid.
The polymer sizes are preferably cationic or anionic. The charge of the aqueous dispersions is based either can the type of comonomers incorporated in the form of polymerized units in the copolymers (for example, the polymer size dispersion is cationic when basic monomers are used, whereas they are anionic as a result of incorporation of, for example, acrylic acid or its salts in the form of polymerized units) or on the charge of the protective colloid used in each case. For example, the use of catioriic . .starch as an emulsifier leads to cationic polymer sine ~lig~2rginng.
For the engine sizing of paper or cardboard, for example, from 0.1 to 2.0, preferably from 0.2 to 0.75, % by weight, based on dry paper product, of polymer size (i.e. 100%
strength polymer) are used.
The engine sizing of paper and cardboard can additionally be carried out in the presence of aqueous dispersions of reactive sizes, such as alkylketene dimers, C5- to C22-alkyl- and/or CS- to C2z-alkenylsuccinic anhydrides, chloroformic esters and C,2- to C36-alkyl isocyanates, and in the presence of combinations of rosin size and alum or of combinations of reaction products of rosin size with carboxylic anhydrides and alum.
Instead of alum or in combination with alum, it is possible to use other aluminum-comprising compounds, such as polyaluminum chlorides or the polyaluminum compounds disclosed in EP-B-1 091 043.
Among the reactive sizes, C,2- to Cz2-alkylketene dimers, e.g.
stearyldiketene, lauryldiketene, palmityldiketene, oleyldiketene, behenyldiketene or mixtures thereof, are preferably used.
Suitable succinic anhydrides are, for example, decenylsuccinic anhydride, octenylsuccinic anhydride, dodecenylsuccinic anhydride and n-hexadecenylsuccinic anhydride.
The reactive sizes are usually used in the form of an aqueous dispersion. For example, alkylketene dimers are dispersed in an aqueous solution of a cationic starch, or nonionic or anionic emulsifiers are used for stabilizing the alkylketene dimers. The reactive size dispersions formed are cationically or anionically charged or neutral, depending on the type and amount of the emulsifiers, or mixtures of emulsifiers compatible with one another, which are used.
For example, anionic emulsifiers can be added to alkylketene dimer dispersions which were emulsified with the aid of cationic starch in water. If the charge of the anionic emulsifiers predominates over the charge of the cationic emulsifiers, an anionically charged alkyl diketone dimer dispersion is obtained. Anionically charged aqueous alkylketene dispersions are preferably prepared by emulsifying alkylketene dimers in aqueous solutions of anionic emulsifiers. For example, condensates of naphthalenesulfonic acid and formaldehyde, suffonated polystyrene, C,°-to C22-alkylsulfuric acids, ligninsulfonic acid, phenolsulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid or the sodium, potassium or ammonium salts of said acids can be used as anionic emulsifiers. Copolymers of acrylic acid and malefic acid, homopolymers of acrylic acid, homopolymers of methacrylic acid, copolymers of isobutpne and malefic 2cid andJor acrylic acid, hydrolyzed copolymers of isobutene or diisobutene and malefic anhydride are also suitable emulsifiers for the preparation of anionic alkylketene dimer dispersions. The acid groups of the homo- and copolymers can, for example, be partly or completely neutralized with sodium hydroxide solution, potassium hydroxide solution or ammonia and used in this form as anionic emulsifiers. The molar mass MW of the homopolymers and of the copolymers is, for example, from 1 000 to 15 000, preferably from 1 500 to 10 000. The emulsifiers are used, for example, in amounts of up to 3.5, preferably up to 2, % by weight, based on the reactive size to be dispersed.
The reactive sizes are alternatively used in the engine sizing of the paper products to be used according to the invention as substrate material for the packaging materials.
They are used in particular when packaging materials having particularly good edge penetration are desired. They are then employed in amounts which are usually required for the production of sized paper products, e.g, from 0.1 to 2.0, preferably from 0.1 to 0.5, % by weight, based on dry cellulose fibers. For example, from 0 to 90, preferably from 50 to 90, parts by weight of reactive sizes are used per 100 parts by weight of polymer size. If mixtures of a polymer size dispersion and of an aqueous dispersion of a reactive size are used, the mixtures comprise, for example, from 5 to 50, preferably from 10 to 30, % by weight, based in each case on the polymer content, of polymer (100% strength).
If reactive sizes are used together with a polymer size, the reactive sizes, preferably alkyfketene dimer dispersions, can first be added to the paper stock and then the polymer size dispersions can be metered. However, the alkylketene dimer dispersion and at least one polymer size dispersion can also be added simultaneously to the paper stock and the latter then drained with sheet formation, or a mixture of a reactive size, such as at least one alkylketene dimer dispersion, and at least one polymer size dispersion is added to the paper stock and the latter is then drained with sheet formation.
The polymer sizes can of course also be used as surface sizes by applying them, for example with the aid of a size press, to the surface of the paper or spraying them onto the surface of the paper.
The draining of the paper stack is additionally effected in the presence of a retention aid. Apart from anionic retention aids or nonionic retention aids, such as polyacrylamides, cationic polymers are preferably used as retention aids and as drainage aids. A significant improvement in the runability of the paper machines is achieved thereby. Cationic retention aids which may be used are all products commercially available for this purpose. These are, for example, cationic polyacrylamides, polydiallyldimethylammonium chlorides, polyethylenimines, polyamines having a molar mass of more than 50 000, polyamines which, if appropriate, are modified by grafting-on of ethylenimine, polyetheramides, polyvinylimidazoles, polyvinylpyrrolidines, polyvinylimidazolines, polyvinyltetrahydropyridines, pofy(dialkylaminoalkyl vinyl ethers), poly(diallkylaminoalkyl (meth)acrylates) in protonated or in quarternized form, and polyamidoamines obtained from a dicarboxylic acid, such as adipic acid, and polyalkylenepolyamines, such as diethylenetriamine, which are grafted with ethylenimine and crosslinked with polyethylene glycol dichlorohydrin ethers according to DE-B-24 34 816, or polyamidoamines which have been reacted with epichlorohydrin to give water-soluble condensates, and copolymers of acrylamide or methacrylamide and dialkylaminoethyl acryfates or methacryfates, for example copolymers of acrylamide and dimethylaminoethyl acrylate in the form of the salt with hydrochloric acid or in a form quaternized with methyl chloride. Further suitable retention aids are microparticle systems comprising cationic polymers, such as cationic starch and finely divided silica, or comprising cationic polymers, such as cationic polyacrylamide, and bentonite.
The cationic polymers which are used as retention aids have, for example, Fikentscher K values of at least 140 (determined in 5% strength aqueous sodium chloride solution at a polymer concentration of 0.5% by weight, a temperature of 25°C and a pH of 7).
They are preferably used in amounts of from 0.01 to 0.3% by weight, based on dry cellulose fibers.
If appropriate, at least one cationic polymer may also be added to the aqueous slurry of cellulose fibers, in addition to the abovementioned substances. Examples of cationic polymers are polymers comprising vinylamine units, polymers comprising vinylguanidine units, polymers comprising dialkylaminoalkyl(meth)acrylamide units, polyethylenimines, polyamidoamines grafted with ethylenimine andlor polydiallyldimethylammonium chlorides. The amount of cationic polymers is, for example, from 0.001 to 2.0, preferably from 0.01 to 0.1, % by weight, based on dry cellulose fibers.
Polymers comprising vinylamine units are known, cf. US-A-4,421,602, US-A-5,334,287, EP-A-0 216 387, US-A-5,981,689, WO-A-00/63295 and US-A-6,121,409. They are prepared by hydrolysis of open-chain polymers comprising N-vinylcarboxamide units.
These polymers are obtainable, for example, by polymerization of N-vinylformamide, N-vinyl-N-methylformamide, N-vinylacetamide, N-vinyl-N-methylacetamide, N-vinyl-N-ethylacetamide and N-vinylpropionamide. Said monomers can be polymerized either alone or together with other monomers.
Suitable monoethylenically unsaturated monomers which are copolymerized with the N-vinylcarboxamides are all compounds copolymerizable therewith. Examples of these are vinyl esters of saturated carboxylic acids of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as vinyl formate, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate and vinyl butyrate, and vinyl ethers, such as C,-to C6-alkyl vinyl ethers, e.g. methyl or ethyl vinyl ether. Further suitable comonomers are esters, amides and nitrites of ethylenically unsaturated C3- to C6-carboxylic acids, for example methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate and ethyl methacrylate, acrylamide and methacrylamide and acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile.
Further suitable carboxylic esters are derived from glycols or or polyalkylene glycols, in each case only one OH group being esterified, e.g. hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxybutyl.acrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, hydroxybutyl methacrylate and monoesters of acrylic acid with polyalkylene glycols having a molar mass of from 500 to 10 000. Further suitable comonomers are esters of ethyfenically unsaturated carboxylic acids with amino alcohols, for example dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, diethylaminoethyl acrylate, diethyfaminoethyl methacrylate, dimethylamiriopropyl acrylate, dimethylaminopropyl methacrylate, diethylaminopropyl acrylate, dimethylaminobutyl acrylate and diethylaminobutyl acrylate. The basic acrylates can be used in the form of the free bases, of the salts with mineral acids, such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric aicd or nitric acid, of the salts with organic acids, such as formic acid, 5 acetic acid, propionic acid or the sulfonic acids, or in quaternized form.
Suitable quaternizing agents are, for example, dimethyl sulfate, diethyl sulfate, methyl chloride, ethyl chloride and benzyl chloride.
Further suitable comonomers are amides of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, 10 such as acrylamide, methacrylamide and N-alkylmono- and diamides of monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids having alkyl radicals of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, e.g. N-methylacrylamide, N,N-dimethylacrylamide, N-methylmethacrylamide, N-ethylacrylamide, N-propylacrylamide and tert-butylacrylamide and basic (meth)acrylamides, e.g. dimethylaminoethylacrylamide, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylamide, diethylaminoethylacrylamide, diethylaminoethylmethacrylamide, dimethylaminopropylacrylamide, diethylaminopropylacrylamide, dimethyfaminopropylmethacrylamide and diethylaminopropylmethacryfamide.
N-Vinylpyrrolidone, N-vinylcaprolactam, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, N-vinylimidazole and substituted N-vinylimidazoles, e.g. N-vinyl-2-methylimidazole, N-vinyl-4-methylimidazole, N-vinyl-5-methylimidazole and N-vinyl-2-ethylimidazole, and N-vinylimidazalines, such as N-vinylimidazoline. N-vinyl-2-methylimidazoline and N-vinyl-2-ethylimidazoline, are furthermore suitable as comonomers. Apart from being used in the form of the free bases, N-vinylimidazoles and N-vinylimidazolines are also employed in a form neutralized with mineral acids or organic acids or in quaternized form, the quaternization preferably being carried out with dimethyl sulfate, diethyl sulfate, methyl chloride or benzyl chloride. Diallyldialkylammonium halides, e.g.
diallyldimethylammonium chloride, are also suitable.
The copolymers comprise for example, from 95 to 5, preferably from 90 to 10, mol% of at least one N-vinylcarboxamide and - from 5 to 95, preferably from 10 to 90, mol% of other monoethylenically unsaturated monomers copolymerizable therewith incorporated in the form of polymerized units. The comonomers are preferably free of acid groups.
Polymers comprising vinylamine units are preferably prepared starting from homopolymers of N-vinylformamide or from copolymers which are obtainable by copolymerization of - N-vinylformamide with - vinyl formate, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, acrylonitrile, N-vinylcaprolactam, N-vinylurea, N-vinylpyrrolidone or C,- to C6-alkyl vinyl ethers and subsequent hydrolysis of the homopolymers or of the copolymers with formation of vinylamine units from the polymerized N-vinylformamide units, the degree of hydrolysis being, for example, from 5 to 100, preferably from 70 to 100, mol%. The hydrolysis of the polymers described above is effected by the action of acids, bases or enzymes by known methods. When acids are used as the hydrolyzing agent, vinylamine units of the polymers are present as ammonium salt, whereas the free amino groups form in the case of the hydrolysis with bases.
In most cases, the degree of hydrolysis of the homo- and copolymers is from 80 to 95 mol%. The degree of hydrolysis of the homopolymers is equivalent to the content of vinylamine units in the polymers. In the case of copolymers which comprise vinyl esters in the form of polymerized units, hydrolysis of the ester groups with formation of vinyl alcohol units may occur in addition to the hydrolysis of the N-vinylfor!ramide :.nits. This is the case in particular when the hydrolysis of the copolymers is carried out in the presence of sodium hydroxide solution. Acrylonitrile incorporated in the form of polymerized units is likewise chemically changed in the hydrolysis. Here, for example, amido groups or carboxyl groups form. The homo- and copolymers comprising vinylamine units may if appropriate comprise up to 20 mol% of amidine units, which are formed, for example, by reaction of formic acid with two neighboring amino groups or by intramolecular reaction of an amino group with a neighboring amido group, for example of N-vinylformamide incorporated in the form of polymerized units. The molar masses M", of the polymers comprising vinylamine units are, for example, from 500 to 10 million, preferably from 1 000 to 5 million (determined by light scattering). This molar mass range corresponds, for example, to K values of from 5 to 300, preferably from 10 to 250 (determined according to H. Fikentscher in 5% strength aqueous sodium chloride solution at 25°C and a polymer concentration of 0.5% by weight).
The polymers comprising vinylamine units are preferably used in salt-free form. Salt-free aqueous solutions of polymers comprising vinylamine units can be prepared, for example, from the salt-containing polymer solutions described above with the aid of ultrafiltration through suitable membranes at cut-offs of, for example, from 1 000 to 500 000, preferably from 10 000 to 300 000, Dalton. The below-described aqueous solutions of other polymers comprising amino and/or ammonium groups can also be obtained in salt-free form with the aid of ultrafiltration.
Derivatives of polymers comprising vinylamine units can also be used as cationic polymers. Thus, it is possible, for example, to prepare a multiplicity of suitable derivatives from the polymers comprising vinylamine units by amidation, alkylation, sulfonamide formation, urea formation, thiourea formation, carbamate formation, acylation, carboxymethylation, phosphonomethylation or Michael addition of the amino groups of the polymer. Of particular interest here are uncrosslinked polyvinylguanidines, which are obtainable by reaction of polymers comprising vinylamine units, preferably polyvinyiamines, with cyanamide (R'R2N-CN, where R' and Rz are H, C,- to C4-alkyl, C3- to C6-cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, alkyl-substituted phenyl or naphthyl), cf. US-A-6,087,448, column 3, line 64 to column 5, line 14.
The polymers comprising vinylamine units also include hydrolyzed graft polymers of, for example, N-vinylformamide on polyalkylene glycols, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylformamides, polysaccharides, such as starch, oligosaccharides or monosaccharides. The graft polymers are obtainable by subjecting, for example, N-vinylformamide to free radical polymerization in an aqueous medium in the presence of at least one of said grafting bases, if appropriate together with other copolymerizable monomers, and then hydrolzying the grafted-on vinylformamide ~ snits in a knr_,wn manner to give vinylamine units.
Suitable cationic polymers are also polymers of dialkylaminoalkyl(meth)acrylamides.
Suitable monomers for the preparation of such polymers are, for example, dimethylaminoethylacrylamide, dimethylaminoethylmethacrylamide, dimethylaminopropylacrylamide, dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide, diethylaminoethylacrylamide, diethyfaminoethylmethacrylamide and diethylaminopropyfacrylamide. These monomers can be used in the form of the free bases, of the salts with inorganic or organic acids or in quaternized form in the polymerization. They can be subjected to free radical polymerization to give homopolymers or, together with other copolymerizable monomers, to give copolymers.
The polymers comprise, for example, at least 30, preferably at least 70, mol°!° of said basic monomers incorporated in the form of polymerized units.
Further suitable cationic polymers are polyethylenimines which can be prepared, for example, by polymerization of ethylenimine in aqueous solution in the presence ef acid-eliminating compounds, acids or Lewis acids as a catalyst.
Polyethylenimines have, for example, molar masses of 2 million, preferably from 200 to 1 000 000.
Pofyethylenimines having molar masses of from 500 to 750 000 are particularly preferably used. The polyethylenimines can, if appropriate, be modified, for example, alkoxylated, alkylated or amidated. They can also be subjected to a Michael addition or a Stecker synthesis. The polyethylenimine derivatives obtainable thereby are likewise suitable as cationic polymers.
Polyamidoamines grafted with ethylenimine and obtainable, for example, by condensation of dicarboxylic acids with polyamines and subsequent grafting-on of ethylenimine are also suitable. Suitable polyamidoamines are obtained, for example, by reacting dicarboxylic acids of 4 to 10 carbon atoms with polyalkylenepolyamines which comprise from 3 to 10 basic nitrogen atoms in the molecule. Examples of dicarboxylic acids are succinic acid, malefic acid, adipic acid, glutaric acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid and terephthalic acid. In the preparation of the polyamidoamines, mixtures of dicarboxylic acids may also be used, as may mixtures of a plurality of polyalkylenepolyamines. Suitable polyalkylenepolyamines are, for example, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, dipropylenetriamine, dipropylenetetramine, dihexamethylenetriamine, aminopropylethylenediamine and bisaminopropylethylenediamine. For the preparation of the polyamidoamines, the dicarboxylic acids and polyalklenepolyamines are heated to relatively high temperatures, for example to temperatures in the range from 120 to 220°C, preferably from 130 to 180°C. The water formed during the condensation is removed from the system. In the condensation., lactonPS or lactams ~of carboxylic acids ef 4 to 8 car Son atoms can, if appropriate, also be used. For example, from 0.8 to 1.4 mol of a polyalkylenepolyamine are used per mole of a dicarboxylic acid. These polyamidoamines are grafted with ethylenimine. The grafting reaction is carried out, for example, in the presence of acids or Lewis acids, such as sulfuric acid or boron trifluoride etherates, at, for example, from 80 to 100°C. Compounds of this type are described, for example, in DE-B-24 34 816.
The optionally crosslinked polyamidoamines, which are, if appropriate additionally grafted with ethylenimine before the crosslinking, are also suitable as cationic polymers. The crosslinked polyamidoamines grafted with ethylenimine are water-soluble and have, for example, an average molecular weight MW of from 3 000 to 2 million Dalton. Conventional crosslinking agents are, for example, epichlorohydrin or bischlorohydrin ethers of alkylene glycols and polyalkylene glycols.
Other suitable cationic polymers are polyallylamines. Polymers of this type are obtained by homopofymerization of allylamine, preferably in the form neutralized with acids, or by copolymerization of allylamine with other monoethylenically unsaturated monomers which are described above as comonomers for N-vinylcarboxarnides.
In addition, water-soluble crosslinked polyethylenimines which are obtainable by reacting polyethylenimines with crosslinking agents, such as epichlorohydrin or bischlorohydrin ethers of polyalkylene glycols having from 2 to 100 ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide units and also have free primary and/or secondary amino groups are suitable. Amidic polyethylenimines which are obtainable, for example, by amidation of polyethylenimines with C,- to C22-monocarboxylic acids are also suitable.
Further suitable cationic polymers are alkylated polyethylenimines and alkoxylated polyethylenimines. In the alkoxylation, for example, from 1 to 5 ethylene oxide or propylene oxide units are used per NH unit in the polyethylenimine.
The abovementioned cationic polymers have, for example, K values of from 8 to 300, preferably from 15 to 180 (determined according to H. Fikentscher in 5%
strength aqueous sodium chloride solution at 25% and at a polymer concentration of 0.5%
by weight). At a pH of 4.5, they have, for example, a charge density of at least 1, preferably at least 4, meqlg of polyelectrolyte.
Preferred cationic polymers are polymers comprising vinylamine units and polyethylenimines. Examples of these are:
vinylamine homopolymers, frcm 10 to 100% hydrolyzed polyvinylformamides, partly or completely hydrolyzed copolymers of vinylformamide and vinyl acetate, vinyl alcohol, vinylpyrrolidone or acrylamide, in each case having molar masses of 3 000 - 2 000 000, and polyethylenimines, crossfinked polyethylenimines or amidated polyethylenimines, which have in each case molar masses of from 500 to 3 000 000.
The polymer content of the aqueous solution is, for example, from 1 to 60, preferably from 2 to 15, in general from 5 to 10, % by weight.
Cardboard is usually produced by draining a slurry of cellulose fibers. The use of kraft pulp is preferred. Furthermore, the use of TMP and CTMP is of particular interest. The pH of the cellulose fiber slurry is, for example, from 4 to 8, preferably from 6 to 8. The drainage of the paper stock can be carried out batchwise or continuously on a paper machine. Cationic polymer, engine size and retention aid can be added in any chosen sequence. However, a procedure in which first the retention aid and then the cationic polymer, preferably polyvinylamine, and then at least one reactive size, such as alkylketene dimer, alkyl- or alkenylsuccinic anhydride, in combination with an aluminum compound or a mixture of these sizes and a polymer size are added to the aqueous cellulose fiber slurry is preferred. According to another embodiment, first at feast one polymer size, then the retention aid and finally the cationic polymer are metered.
In the production of the paper products to be used according to the invention, other 5 assistants usually suitable may be present, for example fixing agents, dyes, bactericides and dry andJor wet strength agents for paper.
After the drainage of the paper stock and drying of the paper product, an engine sized cardboard having a basis weight of from 80 to 400, preferably from 120 to 220, g/m2 is 10 obtained. The cardboard is laminated on one or both sides with a plastics film or metal foil, such as aluminum foil.
Suitable plastics films may be produced from polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide or polyester. The films or foils can be bonded to the sized paper products, for example, 15 with the aid of an adhesive. In such cases, films or foils which are coated with an adhesive are generally uszd and the laminate is pressed. However, the surface of the sized paper products can also be coated with an adhesive and the film or foils then applied to one or both sides and the resulting laminate pressed. However, the films or foils can also be processed with the cardboard directly by the action of heating and pressure to give a laminate, from which the suitable structures for production of the packaging for liquids are then cut out. The packagings are preferably used in the food sector, for example for packing beverages, such as miners! water, juices or milk, or for the production of beverage vessels, such as cups. In the case of these packagings, it is important that they have good edge penetration, i.e. the cardboard should absorb very little or virtually no liquid. The adhesion of films or foils to the paper products sized with polymer sizes is better than that of films or foils to paper products which are sized exclusively with alkylketene dimers.
1n the examples which follow, percentages are by weight, unless evident otherwise from the context. The K values were determined according to H. Fikentscher, Cellulose-Chemie 13 (1932), 58-64 and 71-74, in 5% strength aqueous sodium chloride solution at 25°C and a pH of 7 at a polymer concentration of 0.5% by weight.
The molar masses MW of the polymers were measured.by light scattering.
Examples Determination of the edge penetration The cardboard produced in each case was laminated on both sides with a polyethylene adhesi~~e tape. The thickness of the cardboard was then determined. Test strips measuring 25 x 75 mm were then cut from the cardboard and weighed in each case. In order to determine the edge penetration, the test strips were dipped in a bath which comprised a 30% strength hydrogen peroxide solution thermostated at 70°C. The test strips were removed from the bath after a residence time of 10 minutes. Excess hydrogen peroxide was absorbed by means of filter paper. The test strips were once again weighed. The edge penetration in kg/m2 was then calculated from the increase in weight.
Ink flotation time The ink flotation time (measured in minutes) is the time which a test ink requires according to DIN 53126 for 50% strike-through through a test sheet.
Cobb value The determination was carried out according to DIN 53 132 by storing the paper sheets for a period of 60 seconds in water. The water absorption is stated in glmz.
Examples 1 to 6 0. 75%, based in each case on dry paper stock, of a cationic starch (Solvitose BPN) was added as a retention aid to a paper stock having a consistency of 10 gh and comprising 100% unbleached pine sulfate pulp having a freeness of 20°SR
(Schopper-Riegler), and the pH of the mixture was brought to 7. In each case the amounts of stearyldiketene stated in the table, in the form of an aqueous dispersion (Basoplast~
4118MC), and an aqueous dispersion of the polymer sizes likewise stated in table 1 were then metered. The fiber slurries were thoroughly mixed in each case and drained on a Rapid-Kothen sheet former. Sheets having a basis weight of 150 glm2 were obtained.
The following polymer sizes were used:
Polymer size A: BasopIastC~ 250D (aqueous dispersion of a copolymer, prepared by emulsion polymerization of acrylonitrile and n-butyl acrylate in the presence of degraded cationic starch as an emulsifier and hydrogen peroxide as an initiator).
Polymer size B: Basoplast~ 265D (aqueous dispersion of a copolymer, prepared by emulsion polymerization of styrene and n-butyl acrylate in the presence of degraded cationic starch as an emulsifier and hydrogen peroxide as an initiator).
Polymer size C: BasopIastO PR8172 (aqueous dispersion of a copolymer, prepared by emulsion polymerization of styrene and n-butyl acrylate in the presence of cationic starch as an emulsifier and hydrogen peroxide as an initiator).
Table 1 Example Stearyldiketene [%], Amount of polymer size No. based on dry fibers Type[%], based on dry fibers 1 0.1 A 0.25 2 0.1 A 0.5 3 0.1 B 0.25 4 0.1 B 0.5 5 0.1 C 0.25 6 0.1 C 0.5 The sheets were then dried on a steam-heated drying cylinder at 90°C to a water content of 6 - 10%. After the drying, the Cobb value of the sheets was determined. The sheets were then laminated on both sides with an adhesive tape polyethylene having a density of 0.918 g/cm' (heating of the laminate under pressure to 30°C). The edge penetration of the three-layer laminate was then determined. The results are shown in table 3.
Comparative examples 1 to 4 0.75%, based in each case on dry paper stock, of a cationic starch (Solvitose BPN) was added as a retention aid to a paper stock having a consistency of 10 g/l and comprising 100% unbleached pine sulfate pulp having a freeness of 20°SR
(Schopper-Riegler), and the pH of the mixture was brought to 7. In each case the amounts of stearyldiketene shown in table 2 were then metered in the form of an aqueous dispersion (Basoplast~ 4118MC). Thereafter, in each case the aqueous fiber slurries were thoroughly mixed and were drained on a Rapid-Kothen sheet former to give a paper product having a basis weight of 150 g/m2.
Table 2 Comparative example [%] stearyldiketene, based on dry fibers 1 0.1 - 2 0.2 3 0.35 4 0.60 The sheets were then dried on a steam-heated drying cylinder at 90°C to a water content of 6 - 10°l0. After the drying, the Cobb value of the sheets was determined. The sheets were then adhesively bonded on both sides to a polyethylene adhesive tape (pressing of the laminate under pressure). The edge penetration of the three-layer laminate with respect to hydrogen peroxide was then determined. The results ace shown in table 3.
Table 3 Sample accordingCobb 60 sec for Edge penetration [kg/m'J
to cardboard (Peroxides) for laminated example cardboard 1 20 10.9 2 21 10.6 3 23 6.6 4 22 4.6 5 20 10.2 6 23 11.3 Sample according to comparative example 1 20 12.1 2 24 8.6 3 20 7.2 4 21 5.3
According to the invention, the engine size used is a polymer size comprising synthetic polymers. The polymer sizes disclosed in JP-A-58/115 196 are aqueous polymer dispersions which are a paper size and at the same time increase the strength of paper. These dispersions are prepared by polymerization of, for example, styrene and alkyl acrylates in the presence of starch and free radical polymerization initiators in an aqueous medium. The starch used in each case is digested or degraded before the polymerization, so that it is soluble in water. The polymers of these dispersions are graft polymers of styrene and alkyl acrylates on starch or modified starch.
Further polymer sizes are disclosed in EP-B-0 257 412 and EP-B-0 267 770. They are prepared by copolymerization of acrylonitrile andlor methacrylonitrile and at least one acrylate of a monohydric, saturated C3- to C8-alcohol by an emulsion polymerization method in an aqueous solution which comprises a degraded starch, in the presence of free radical initiators, preferably hydrogen peroxide or redox initiators. The degraded starches have viscosities n; of from 0.04 to 0.50 dl/g. Such starches are obtained, for example, in an oxidative, thermal, acidolytic or enzymatic degradation of a natural or cationically or anionically modified starch. Natural starches from potatoes, wheat, corn, rice or tapioca are advantageously used. An enzymatically degraded potato starch is preferred. The degraded starches act as emulsifiers in the copolymerization _of, fnr example, styrene and n-butyl acrylate in an aqueous medium. The aqueous solution in which the copolymerization is carried out comprises, for example, from 1 to 25% by weight of at least one degraded starch. For example, from 10 to 150 preferably from 40 to 100, parts by weight of the abovementioned monomers are polymerized in 100 parts by weight of such a solution. Instead of acrylonitrile and/or methacrylonitrile, it is also possible to use styrene in the copolymerization, cf. WO-A-94/05855. Aqueous dispersions of copolymers having a mean particle diameter of, for example, from 50 to 500 nm, preferably from 100 to 300 nm, are obtained. These polymer dispersions are presumably graft polymers of the monomers used in each case tin degraded starch.
Further polymer sizes based on copolymers of styrene.and C3- to C8-alkyl (meth)acrylates are disclosed in WO 02!14393. They are prepared by copofymerization of said monomers in an aqueous medium in the presence of degraded starch and free radical polymerization initiators by a two-stage process.
Other suitable polymer sizes are those aqueous polymer dispersions which can be prepared in the presence of synthetic polymeric protective colloids. They are obtainable, for example, by copolymerization of from 2 to 32 parts of a mixture of (a) styrene, acrylonitrile and/or methacrylonitrile, (b) acrylates and/or methacryiates of C,- to C,8-alcohofs andlor vinyl esters of saturated C2- to C4-carboxylic acids and, if required, (c) other monoethylenically unsaturated copolymerizable monomers in aqueous solution in the presence of 1 part by weight of a solution copolymer of (1 ) di-C,- to C4-alkylamino-Cz- to C4-alkyl (meth)acrylates which, if appropriate, may be protonated or quaternized, (2) nonionic, hydrophobic, ethylenically unsaturated monomers, in these monomers, if they are polymerized by themselves, form hydrophobic polymers, and, if appropriate, (3) monoethylenically unsaturated C3- to CS-carboxylic acids or their anhydrides, the molar ratio of (1) : (2) : (3) being 1 : 2.5 to 10 : 0 to 1.5, copolymerized.
First, a solution copolymer i ~ prepared by copolymerizing the monomers of groups (1) and (2) and, if appropriate, (3) in a water-miscible organic solvent. Suitable solvents are, for example, C,- to Ca-carboxylic acids, such as formic acid; acetic acid and propionic acid, or C,- to C4-alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol or isopropanol, and ketoses, such as acetone. Preferably used monomers of group {1) are dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, dimethylaminopropyl methacrylate and dimethylaminopropyl acrylate. The monomers of group (1) are preferably used in protonated or in quaternized form.
Suitable quaternizing agents are, for example, methyl chloride, dimethyl sulfate and benzyl chloride.
Monomers of group (2) which are used are nonionic, hydrophobic, ethylenicafly unsaturated compounds which, if they are polymerized by themselves, form hydrophobic polymers. These include, for example, styrene, methylstyrene, C,-to C,$-alkyl esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, for example methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate and isobutyl acrylate, and isobutyl rnethacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate and tert-butyl methacrylate. Acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate and vinyl butyrate are also suitable. Mixtures of the monomers of group (2) can also be used in the copoiymerization, for example mixtures of styrene and isobutyl acrylate.
The solution copolymers serving as an emulsifier can, if appropriate, also comprise monomers of group (3) incorporated in the form of polymerized units, for example monoethylenically unsaturated C3- to CS-carboxylic acids or their anhydrides, e.g.
acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, malefic acid, malefic anhydride or itaconic anhydride. The molar ratio (1) : (2) : (3) is 1 : 2.5 to 10 : 0 to 1.5. The copolymer 5 solutions thus obtained are diluted with water and serve in this form as a protective colloid for the polymerization of the abovementioned monomer mixtures of the components (a) and (b) and, if appropriate, (c). Suitable monomers of group (a) are styrene, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile or mixtures of styrene and acrylonitrile or of styrene and methacrylonitrile. Monomers of group (b) which are used are acrylates andlor methacrylates of C,- to C,8-alcohols andlor vinyl esters of saturated C2- to C4-carboxylic acids. This group of monomers corresponds to the monomers of group (2) which are described above. Preferably used monomers of group (b) are butyl acrylate and butyl methacrylate, e.g. isobutyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate and isobutyl methacrylate. Monomers of group (c) are, for example, monoethylenically unsaturated C3- to C5-carboxylic acids, acrylamidomethylpropanesulfonic acid, sodium vinylsulfonate, vinylimidazole, N-vinylformamide, acrylamide, methacrylamide and N-vinylimidazoline. From 1 to 32 parts by weight of a monomer mixture of the components (a) to (c) are usEd per part by weight of the copolymer. The monomers of the components (a) and (b) can be copolymerized in any desired ratio, e.g. in a molar ratio of from 0.1 : 1 to 1 : 0.1.
The monomers of group (c) are, if required, used for modifying the properties of the copolymers.
Sizes of this type are described, for example, in EP-B-0 051 144, EP-B-0 058 313 and EP-B-0 150 003.
Preferably used polymer sizes are aqueous polymer dispersions which are obtainable by copolymerization of from 20 to 65% by weight of styrene, acrylonitrile and/or methacrylonitrile, from 80 to 35% by weight of acrylates and/or methacrylates of monohydric saturated C3- to Ce- alcohols and from 0 to 20°I° by weight of other monoethylenically unsaturated copolymerizable monomers, such as acrylamide, methacrylamide, vinylformamide, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, malefic acid, itaconic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid or basic monomers, such as dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, dimethylaminopropyl acrylate or dimethylaminopropyl methacrylate, the basic monomers generally being used in the form of hydrochlorides or in a form quaternized with methyl chloride, dimethyl sulfate or benzyl chloride, s in the presence of free radical initiators by an emulsion polymerization method in an aqueous solution of a degraded starch as a protective colloid.
Other preferably used polymer sizes are aqueous polymer dispersions which are obtainable by copolymerization of from 60 to 90% by weight of styrene and/or methylstyrene, from 10 to 40% by weight of 1,3-butadiene and/or isoprene and from 0 to 20% by weight of other monoethylenically unsaturated copolymerizabfe monomers, such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, acrylamide, methacrylamide or N-vinylpyrrolidone, in the presence of free radical initiators by an emulsion polymerization method in an aqueous solution of a degraded starch as a protective colloid.
The polymer sizes are preferably cationic or anionic. The charge of the aqueous dispersions is based either can the type of comonomers incorporated in the form of polymerized units in the copolymers (for example, the polymer size dispersion is cationic when basic monomers are used, whereas they are anionic as a result of incorporation of, for example, acrylic acid or its salts in the form of polymerized units) or on the charge of the protective colloid used in each case. For example, the use of catioriic . .starch as an emulsifier leads to cationic polymer sine ~lig~2rginng.
For the engine sizing of paper or cardboard, for example, from 0.1 to 2.0, preferably from 0.2 to 0.75, % by weight, based on dry paper product, of polymer size (i.e. 100%
strength polymer) are used.
The engine sizing of paper and cardboard can additionally be carried out in the presence of aqueous dispersions of reactive sizes, such as alkylketene dimers, C5- to C22-alkyl- and/or CS- to C2z-alkenylsuccinic anhydrides, chloroformic esters and C,2- to C36-alkyl isocyanates, and in the presence of combinations of rosin size and alum or of combinations of reaction products of rosin size with carboxylic anhydrides and alum.
Instead of alum or in combination with alum, it is possible to use other aluminum-comprising compounds, such as polyaluminum chlorides or the polyaluminum compounds disclosed in EP-B-1 091 043.
Among the reactive sizes, C,2- to Cz2-alkylketene dimers, e.g.
stearyldiketene, lauryldiketene, palmityldiketene, oleyldiketene, behenyldiketene or mixtures thereof, are preferably used.
Suitable succinic anhydrides are, for example, decenylsuccinic anhydride, octenylsuccinic anhydride, dodecenylsuccinic anhydride and n-hexadecenylsuccinic anhydride.
The reactive sizes are usually used in the form of an aqueous dispersion. For example, alkylketene dimers are dispersed in an aqueous solution of a cationic starch, or nonionic or anionic emulsifiers are used for stabilizing the alkylketene dimers. The reactive size dispersions formed are cationically or anionically charged or neutral, depending on the type and amount of the emulsifiers, or mixtures of emulsifiers compatible with one another, which are used.
For example, anionic emulsifiers can be added to alkylketene dimer dispersions which were emulsified with the aid of cationic starch in water. If the charge of the anionic emulsifiers predominates over the charge of the cationic emulsifiers, an anionically charged alkyl diketone dimer dispersion is obtained. Anionically charged aqueous alkylketene dispersions are preferably prepared by emulsifying alkylketene dimers in aqueous solutions of anionic emulsifiers. For example, condensates of naphthalenesulfonic acid and formaldehyde, suffonated polystyrene, C,°-to C22-alkylsulfuric acids, ligninsulfonic acid, phenolsulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid or the sodium, potassium or ammonium salts of said acids can be used as anionic emulsifiers. Copolymers of acrylic acid and malefic acid, homopolymers of acrylic acid, homopolymers of methacrylic acid, copolymers of isobutpne and malefic 2cid andJor acrylic acid, hydrolyzed copolymers of isobutene or diisobutene and malefic anhydride are also suitable emulsifiers for the preparation of anionic alkylketene dimer dispersions. The acid groups of the homo- and copolymers can, for example, be partly or completely neutralized with sodium hydroxide solution, potassium hydroxide solution or ammonia and used in this form as anionic emulsifiers. The molar mass MW of the homopolymers and of the copolymers is, for example, from 1 000 to 15 000, preferably from 1 500 to 10 000. The emulsifiers are used, for example, in amounts of up to 3.5, preferably up to 2, % by weight, based on the reactive size to be dispersed.
The reactive sizes are alternatively used in the engine sizing of the paper products to be used according to the invention as substrate material for the packaging materials.
They are used in particular when packaging materials having particularly good edge penetration are desired. They are then employed in amounts which are usually required for the production of sized paper products, e.g, from 0.1 to 2.0, preferably from 0.1 to 0.5, % by weight, based on dry cellulose fibers. For example, from 0 to 90, preferably from 50 to 90, parts by weight of reactive sizes are used per 100 parts by weight of polymer size. If mixtures of a polymer size dispersion and of an aqueous dispersion of a reactive size are used, the mixtures comprise, for example, from 5 to 50, preferably from 10 to 30, % by weight, based in each case on the polymer content, of polymer (100% strength).
If reactive sizes are used together with a polymer size, the reactive sizes, preferably alkyfketene dimer dispersions, can first be added to the paper stock and then the polymer size dispersions can be metered. However, the alkylketene dimer dispersion and at least one polymer size dispersion can also be added simultaneously to the paper stock and the latter then drained with sheet formation, or a mixture of a reactive size, such as at least one alkylketene dimer dispersion, and at least one polymer size dispersion is added to the paper stock and the latter is then drained with sheet formation.
The polymer sizes can of course also be used as surface sizes by applying them, for example with the aid of a size press, to the surface of the paper or spraying them onto the surface of the paper.
The draining of the paper stack is additionally effected in the presence of a retention aid. Apart from anionic retention aids or nonionic retention aids, such as polyacrylamides, cationic polymers are preferably used as retention aids and as drainage aids. A significant improvement in the runability of the paper machines is achieved thereby. Cationic retention aids which may be used are all products commercially available for this purpose. These are, for example, cationic polyacrylamides, polydiallyldimethylammonium chlorides, polyethylenimines, polyamines having a molar mass of more than 50 000, polyamines which, if appropriate, are modified by grafting-on of ethylenimine, polyetheramides, polyvinylimidazoles, polyvinylpyrrolidines, polyvinylimidazolines, polyvinyltetrahydropyridines, pofy(dialkylaminoalkyl vinyl ethers), poly(diallkylaminoalkyl (meth)acrylates) in protonated or in quarternized form, and polyamidoamines obtained from a dicarboxylic acid, such as adipic acid, and polyalkylenepolyamines, such as diethylenetriamine, which are grafted with ethylenimine and crosslinked with polyethylene glycol dichlorohydrin ethers according to DE-B-24 34 816, or polyamidoamines which have been reacted with epichlorohydrin to give water-soluble condensates, and copolymers of acrylamide or methacrylamide and dialkylaminoethyl acryfates or methacryfates, for example copolymers of acrylamide and dimethylaminoethyl acrylate in the form of the salt with hydrochloric acid or in a form quaternized with methyl chloride. Further suitable retention aids are microparticle systems comprising cationic polymers, such as cationic starch and finely divided silica, or comprising cationic polymers, such as cationic polyacrylamide, and bentonite.
The cationic polymers which are used as retention aids have, for example, Fikentscher K values of at least 140 (determined in 5% strength aqueous sodium chloride solution at a polymer concentration of 0.5% by weight, a temperature of 25°C and a pH of 7).
They are preferably used in amounts of from 0.01 to 0.3% by weight, based on dry cellulose fibers.
If appropriate, at least one cationic polymer may also be added to the aqueous slurry of cellulose fibers, in addition to the abovementioned substances. Examples of cationic polymers are polymers comprising vinylamine units, polymers comprising vinylguanidine units, polymers comprising dialkylaminoalkyl(meth)acrylamide units, polyethylenimines, polyamidoamines grafted with ethylenimine andlor polydiallyldimethylammonium chlorides. The amount of cationic polymers is, for example, from 0.001 to 2.0, preferably from 0.01 to 0.1, % by weight, based on dry cellulose fibers.
Polymers comprising vinylamine units are known, cf. US-A-4,421,602, US-A-5,334,287, EP-A-0 216 387, US-A-5,981,689, WO-A-00/63295 and US-A-6,121,409. They are prepared by hydrolysis of open-chain polymers comprising N-vinylcarboxamide units.
These polymers are obtainable, for example, by polymerization of N-vinylformamide, N-vinyl-N-methylformamide, N-vinylacetamide, N-vinyl-N-methylacetamide, N-vinyl-N-ethylacetamide and N-vinylpropionamide. Said monomers can be polymerized either alone or together with other monomers.
Suitable monoethylenically unsaturated monomers which are copolymerized with the N-vinylcarboxamides are all compounds copolymerizable therewith. Examples of these are vinyl esters of saturated carboxylic acids of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as vinyl formate, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate and vinyl butyrate, and vinyl ethers, such as C,-to C6-alkyl vinyl ethers, e.g. methyl or ethyl vinyl ether. Further suitable comonomers are esters, amides and nitrites of ethylenically unsaturated C3- to C6-carboxylic acids, for example methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate and ethyl methacrylate, acrylamide and methacrylamide and acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile.
Further suitable carboxylic esters are derived from glycols or or polyalkylene glycols, in each case only one OH group being esterified, e.g. hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxybutyl.acrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, hydroxybutyl methacrylate and monoesters of acrylic acid with polyalkylene glycols having a molar mass of from 500 to 10 000. Further suitable comonomers are esters of ethyfenically unsaturated carboxylic acids with amino alcohols, for example dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, diethylaminoethyl acrylate, diethyfaminoethyl methacrylate, dimethylamiriopropyl acrylate, dimethylaminopropyl methacrylate, diethylaminopropyl acrylate, dimethylaminobutyl acrylate and diethylaminobutyl acrylate. The basic acrylates can be used in the form of the free bases, of the salts with mineral acids, such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric aicd or nitric acid, of the salts with organic acids, such as formic acid, 5 acetic acid, propionic acid or the sulfonic acids, or in quaternized form.
Suitable quaternizing agents are, for example, dimethyl sulfate, diethyl sulfate, methyl chloride, ethyl chloride and benzyl chloride.
Further suitable comonomers are amides of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, 10 such as acrylamide, methacrylamide and N-alkylmono- and diamides of monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids having alkyl radicals of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, e.g. N-methylacrylamide, N,N-dimethylacrylamide, N-methylmethacrylamide, N-ethylacrylamide, N-propylacrylamide and tert-butylacrylamide and basic (meth)acrylamides, e.g. dimethylaminoethylacrylamide, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylamide, diethylaminoethylacrylamide, diethylaminoethylmethacrylamide, dimethylaminopropylacrylamide, diethylaminopropylacrylamide, dimethyfaminopropylmethacrylamide and diethylaminopropylmethacryfamide.
N-Vinylpyrrolidone, N-vinylcaprolactam, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, N-vinylimidazole and substituted N-vinylimidazoles, e.g. N-vinyl-2-methylimidazole, N-vinyl-4-methylimidazole, N-vinyl-5-methylimidazole and N-vinyl-2-ethylimidazole, and N-vinylimidazalines, such as N-vinylimidazoline. N-vinyl-2-methylimidazoline and N-vinyl-2-ethylimidazoline, are furthermore suitable as comonomers. Apart from being used in the form of the free bases, N-vinylimidazoles and N-vinylimidazolines are also employed in a form neutralized with mineral acids or organic acids or in quaternized form, the quaternization preferably being carried out with dimethyl sulfate, diethyl sulfate, methyl chloride or benzyl chloride. Diallyldialkylammonium halides, e.g.
diallyldimethylammonium chloride, are also suitable.
The copolymers comprise for example, from 95 to 5, preferably from 90 to 10, mol% of at least one N-vinylcarboxamide and - from 5 to 95, preferably from 10 to 90, mol% of other monoethylenically unsaturated monomers copolymerizable therewith incorporated in the form of polymerized units. The comonomers are preferably free of acid groups.
Polymers comprising vinylamine units are preferably prepared starting from homopolymers of N-vinylformamide or from copolymers which are obtainable by copolymerization of - N-vinylformamide with - vinyl formate, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, acrylonitrile, N-vinylcaprolactam, N-vinylurea, N-vinylpyrrolidone or C,- to C6-alkyl vinyl ethers and subsequent hydrolysis of the homopolymers or of the copolymers with formation of vinylamine units from the polymerized N-vinylformamide units, the degree of hydrolysis being, for example, from 5 to 100, preferably from 70 to 100, mol%. The hydrolysis of the polymers described above is effected by the action of acids, bases or enzymes by known methods. When acids are used as the hydrolyzing agent, vinylamine units of the polymers are present as ammonium salt, whereas the free amino groups form in the case of the hydrolysis with bases.
In most cases, the degree of hydrolysis of the homo- and copolymers is from 80 to 95 mol%. The degree of hydrolysis of the homopolymers is equivalent to the content of vinylamine units in the polymers. In the case of copolymers which comprise vinyl esters in the form of polymerized units, hydrolysis of the ester groups with formation of vinyl alcohol units may occur in addition to the hydrolysis of the N-vinylfor!ramide :.nits. This is the case in particular when the hydrolysis of the copolymers is carried out in the presence of sodium hydroxide solution. Acrylonitrile incorporated in the form of polymerized units is likewise chemically changed in the hydrolysis. Here, for example, amido groups or carboxyl groups form. The homo- and copolymers comprising vinylamine units may if appropriate comprise up to 20 mol% of amidine units, which are formed, for example, by reaction of formic acid with two neighboring amino groups or by intramolecular reaction of an amino group with a neighboring amido group, for example of N-vinylformamide incorporated in the form of polymerized units. The molar masses M", of the polymers comprising vinylamine units are, for example, from 500 to 10 million, preferably from 1 000 to 5 million (determined by light scattering). This molar mass range corresponds, for example, to K values of from 5 to 300, preferably from 10 to 250 (determined according to H. Fikentscher in 5% strength aqueous sodium chloride solution at 25°C and a polymer concentration of 0.5% by weight).
The polymers comprising vinylamine units are preferably used in salt-free form. Salt-free aqueous solutions of polymers comprising vinylamine units can be prepared, for example, from the salt-containing polymer solutions described above with the aid of ultrafiltration through suitable membranes at cut-offs of, for example, from 1 000 to 500 000, preferably from 10 000 to 300 000, Dalton. The below-described aqueous solutions of other polymers comprising amino and/or ammonium groups can also be obtained in salt-free form with the aid of ultrafiltration.
Derivatives of polymers comprising vinylamine units can also be used as cationic polymers. Thus, it is possible, for example, to prepare a multiplicity of suitable derivatives from the polymers comprising vinylamine units by amidation, alkylation, sulfonamide formation, urea formation, thiourea formation, carbamate formation, acylation, carboxymethylation, phosphonomethylation or Michael addition of the amino groups of the polymer. Of particular interest here are uncrosslinked polyvinylguanidines, which are obtainable by reaction of polymers comprising vinylamine units, preferably polyvinyiamines, with cyanamide (R'R2N-CN, where R' and Rz are H, C,- to C4-alkyl, C3- to C6-cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, alkyl-substituted phenyl or naphthyl), cf. US-A-6,087,448, column 3, line 64 to column 5, line 14.
The polymers comprising vinylamine units also include hydrolyzed graft polymers of, for example, N-vinylformamide on polyalkylene glycols, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylformamides, polysaccharides, such as starch, oligosaccharides or monosaccharides. The graft polymers are obtainable by subjecting, for example, N-vinylformamide to free radical polymerization in an aqueous medium in the presence of at least one of said grafting bases, if appropriate together with other copolymerizable monomers, and then hydrolzying the grafted-on vinylformamide ~ snits in a knr_,wn manner to give vinylamine units.
Suitable cationic polymers are also polymers of dialkylaminoalkyl(meth)acrylamides.
Suitable monomers for the preparation of such polymers are, for example, dimethylaminoethylacrylamide, dimethylaminoethylmethacrylamide, dimethylaminopropylacrylamide, dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide, diethylaminoethylacrylamide, diethyfaminoethylmethacrylamide and diethylaminopropyfacrylamide. These monomers can be used in the form of the free bases, of the salts with inorganic or organic acids or in quaternized form in the polymerization. They can be subjected to free radical polymerization to give homopolymers or, together with other copolymerizable monomers, to give copolymers.
The polymers comprise, for example, at least 30, preferably at least 70, mol°!° of said basic monomers incorporated in the form of polymerized units.
Further suitable cationic polymers are polyethylenimines which can be prepared, for example, by polymerization of ethylenimine in aqueous solution in the presence ef acid-eliminating compounds, acids or Lewis acids as a catalyst.
Polyethylenimines have, for example, molar masses of 2 million, preferably from 200 to 1 000 000.
Pofyethylenimines having molar masses of from 500 to 750 000 are particularly preferably used. The polyethylenimines can, if appropriate, be modified, for example, alkoxylated, alkylated or amidated. They can also be subjected to a Michael addition or a Stecker synthesis. The polyethylenimine derivatives obtainable thereby are likewise suitable as cationic polymers.
Polyamidoamines grafted with ethylenimine and obtainable, for example, by condensation of dicarboxylic acids with polyamines and subsequent grafting-on of ethylenimine are also suitable. Suitable polyamidoamines are obtained, for example, by reacting dicarboxylic acids of 4 to 10 carbon atoms with polyalkylenepolyamines which comprise from 3 to 10 basic nitrogen atoms in the molecule. Examples of dicarboxylic acids are succinic acid, malefic acid, adipic acid, glutaric acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid and terephthalic acid. In the preparation of the polyamidoamines, mixtures of dicarboxylic acids may also be used, as may mixtures of a plurality of polyalkylenepolyamines. Suitable polyalkylenepolyamines are, for example, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, dipropylenetriamine, dipropylenetetramine, dihexamethylenetriamine, aminopropylethylenediamine and bisaminopropylethylenediamine. For the preparation of the polyamidoamines, the dicarboxylic acids and polyalklenepolyamines are heated to relatively high temperatures, for example to temperatures in the range from 120 to 220°C, preferably from 130 to 180°C. The water formed during the condensation is removed from the system. In the condensation., lactonPS or lactams ~of carboxylic acids ef 4 to 8 car Son atoms can, if appropriate, also be used. For example, from 0.8 to 1.4 mol of a polyalkylenepolyamine are used per mole of a dicarboxylic acid. These polyamidoamines are grafted with ethylenimine. The grafting reaction is carried out, for example, in the presence of acids or Lewis acids, such as sulfuric acid or boron trifluoride etherates, at, for example, from 80 to 100°C. Compounds of this type are described, for example, in DE-B-24 34 816.
The optionally crosslinked polyamidoamines, which are, if appropriate additionally grafted with ethylenimine before the crosslinking, are also suitable as cationic polymers. The crosslinked polyamidoamines grafted with ethylenimine are water-soluble and have, for example, an average molecular weight MW of from 3 000 to 2 million Dalton. Conventional crosslinking agents are, for example, epichlorohydrin or bischlorohydrin ethers of alkylene glycols and polyalkylene glycols.
Other suitable cationic polymers are polyallylamines. Polymers of this type are obtained by homopofymerization of allylamine, preferably in the form neutralized with acids, or by copolymerization of allylamine with other monoethylenically unsaturated monomers which are described above as comonomers for N-vinylcarboxarnides.
In addition, water-soluble crosslinked polyethylenimines which are obtainable by reacting polyethylenimines with crosslinking agents, such as epichlorohydrin or bischlorohydrin ethers of polyalkylene glycols having from 2 to 100 ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide units and also have free primary and/or secondary amino groups are suitable. Amidic polyethylenimines which are obtainable, for example, by amidation of polyethylenimines with C,- to C22-monocarboxylic acids are also suitable.
Further suitable cationic polymers are alkylated polyethylenimines and alkoxylated polyethylenimines. In the alkoxylation, for example, from 1 to 5 ethylene oxide or propylene oxide units are used per NH unit in the polyethylenimine.
The abovementioned cationic polymers have, for example, K values of from 8 to 300, preferably from 15 to 180 (determined according to H. Fikentscher in 5%
strength aqueous sodium chloride solution at 25% and at a polymer concentration of 0.5%
by weight). At a pH of 4.5, they have, for example, a charge density of at least 1, preferably at least 4, meqlg of polyelectrolyte.
Preferred cationic polymers are polymers comprising vinylamine units and polyethylenimines. Examples of these are:
vinylamine homopolymers, frcm 10 to 100% hydrolyzed polyvinylformamides, partly or completely hydrolyzed copolymers of vinylformamide and vinyl acetate, vinyl alcohol, vinylpyrrolidone or acrylamide, in each case having molar masses of 3 000 - 2 000 000, and polyethylenimines, crossfinked polyethylenimines or amidated polyethylenimines, which have in each case molar masses of from 500 to 3 000 000.
The polymer content of the aqueous solution is, for example, from 1 to 60, preferably from 2 to 15, in general from 5 to 10, % by weight.
Cardboard is usually produced by draining a slurry of cellulose fibers. The use of kraft pulp is preferred. Furthermore, the use of TMP and CTMP is of particular interest. The pH of the cellulose fiber slurry is, for example, from 4 to 8, preferably from 6 to 8. The drainage of the paper stock can be carried out batchwise or continuously on a paper machine. Cationic polymer, engine size and retention aid can be added in any chosen sequence. However, a procedure in which first the retention aid and then the cationic polymer, preferably polyvinylamine, and then at least one reactive size, such as alkylketene dimer, alkyl- or alkenylsuccinic anhydride, in combination with an aluminum compound or a mixture of these sizes and a polymer size are added to the aqueous cellulose fiber slurry is preferred. According to another embodiment, first at feast one polymer size, then the retention aid and finally the cationic polymer are metered.
In the production of the paper products to be used according to the invention, other 5 assistants usually suitable may be present, for example fixing agents, dyes, bactericides and dry andJor wet strength agents for paper.
After the drainage of the paper stock and drying of the paper product, an engine sized cardboard having a basis weight of from 80 to 400, preferably from 120 to 220, g/m2 is 10 obtained. The cardboard is laminated on one or both sides with a plastics film or metal foil, such as aluminum foil.
Suitable plastics films may be produced from polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide or polyester. The films or foils can be bonded to the sized paper products, for example, 15 with the aid of an adhesive. In such cases, films or foils which are coated with an adhesive are generally uszd and the laminate is pressed. However, the surface of the sized paper products can also be coated with an adhesive and the film or foils then applied to one or both sides and the resulting laminate pressed. However, the films or foils can also be processed with the cardboard directly by the action of heating and pressure to give a laminate, from which the suitable structures for production of the packaging for liquids are then cut out. The packagings are preferably used in the food sector, for example for packing beverages, such as miners! water, juices or milk, or for the production of beverage vessels, such as cups. In the case of these packagings, it is important that they have good edge penetration, i.e. the cardboard should absorb very little or virtually no liquid. The adhesion of films or foils to the paper products sized with polymer sizes is better than that of films or foils to paper products which are sized exclusively with alkylketene dimers.
1n the examples which follow, percentages are by weight, unless evident otherwise from the context. The K values were determined according to H. Fikentscher, Cellulose-Chemie 13 (1932), 58-64 and 71-74, in 5% strength aqueous sodium chloride solution at 25°C and a pH of 7 at a polymer concentration of 0.5% by weight.
The molar masses MW of the polymers were measured.by light scattering.
Examples Determination of the edge penetration The cardboard produced in each case was laminated on both sides with a polyethylene adhesi~~e tape. The thickness of the cardboard was then determined. Test strips measuring 25 x 75 mm were then cut from the cardboard and weighed in each case. In order to determine the edge penetration, the test strips were dipped in a bath which comprised a 30% strength hydrogen peroxide solution thermostated at 70°C. The test strips were removed from the bath after a residence time of 10 minutes. Excess hydrogen peroxide was absorbed by means of filter paper. The test strips were once again weighed. The edge penetration in kg/m2 was then calculated from the increase in weight.
Ink flotation time The ink flotation time (measured in minutes) is the time which a test ink requires according to DIN 53126 for 50% strike-through through a test sheet.
Cobb value The determination was carried out according to DIN 53 132 by storing the paper sheets for a period of 60 seconds in water. The water absorption is stated in glmz.
Examples 1 to 6 0. 75%, based in each case on dry paper stock, of a cationic starch (Solvitose BPN) was added as a retention aid to a paper stock having a consistency of 10 gh and comprising 100% unbleached pine sulfate pulp having a freeness of 20°SR
(Schopper-Riegler), and the pH of the mixture was brought to 7. In each case the amounts of stearyldiketene stated in the table, in the form of an aqueous dispersion (Basoplast~
4118MC), and an aqueous dispersion of the polymer sizes likewise stated in table 1 were then metered. The fiber slurries were thoroughly mixed in each case and drained on a Rapid-Kothen sheet former. Sheets having a basis weight of 150 glm2 were obtained.
The following polymer sizes were used:
Polymer size A: BasopIastC~ 250D (aqueous dispersion of a copolymer, prepared by emulsion polymerization of acrylonitrile and n-butyl acrylate in the presence of degraded cationic starch as an emulsifier and hydrogen peroxide as an initiator).
Polymer size B: Basoplast~ 265D (aqueous dispersion of a copolymer, prepared by emulsion polymerization of styrene and n-butyl acrylate in the presence of degraded cationic starch as an emulsifier and hydrogen peroxide as an initiator).
Polymer size C: BasopIastO PR8172 (aqueous dispersion of a copolymer, prepared by emulsion polymerization of styrene and n-butyl acrylate in the presence of cationic starch as an emulsifier and hydrogen peroxide as an initiator).
Table 1 Example Stearyldiketene [%], Amount of polymer size No. based on dry fibers Type[%], based on dry fibers 1 0.1 A 0.25 2 0.1 A 0.5 3 0.1 B 0.25 4 0.1 B 0.5 5 0.1 C 0.25 6 0.1 C 0.5 The sheets were then dried on a steam-heated drying cylinder at 90°C to a water content of 6 - 10%. After the drying, the Cobb value of the sheets was determined. The sheets were then laminated on both sides with an adhesive tape polyethylene having a density of 0.918 g/cm' (heating of the laminate under pressure to 30°C). The edge penetration of the three-layer laminate was then determined. The results are shown in table 3.
Comparative examples 1 to 4 0.75%, based in each case on dry paper stock, of a cationic starch (Solvitose BPN) was added as a retention aid to a paper stock having a consistency of 10 g/l and comprising 100% unbleached pine sulfate pulp having a freeness of 20°SR
(Schopper-Riegler), and the pH of the mixture was brought to 7. In each case the amounts of stearyldiketene shown in table 2 were then metered in the form of an aqueous dispersion (Basoplast~ 4118MC). Thereafter, in each case the aqueous fiber slurries were thoroughly mixed and were drained on a Rapid-Kothen sheet former to give a paper product having a basis weight of 150 g/m2.
Table 2 Comparative example [%] stearyldiketene, based on dry fibers 1 0.1 - 2 0.2 3 0.35 4 0.60 The sheets were then dried on a steam-heated drying cylinder at 90°C to a water content of 6 - 10°l0. After the drying, the Cobb value of the sheets was determined. The sheets were then adhesively bonded on both sides to a polyethylene adhesive tape (pressing of the laminate under pressure). The edge penetration of the three-layer laminate with respect to hydrogen peroxide was then determined. The results ace shown in table 3.
Table 3 Sample accordingCobb 60 sec for Edge penetration [kg/m'J
to cardboard (Peroxides) for laminated example cardboard 1 20 10.9 2 21 10.6 3 23 6.6 4 22 4.6 5 20 10.2 6 23 11.3 Sample according to comparative example 1 20 12.1 2 24 8.6 3 20 7.2 4 21 5.3
Claims (12)
1. A packaging material comprising an at least two-layer laminate of sized paper or sized cardboard and at least one water-impermeable film or foil for producing containers for packaging liquids, wherein the paper or the cardboard is in each case sized with a polymer size.
2. A packaging material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the paper or the cardboard is in each case engine sized with a polymer size.
3. A packaging material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the paper or the cardboard is in each case surface sized with a polymer size.
4. A packaging material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the paper or the cardboard is additionally sized in the presence of aqueous dispersions of reactive sizes and/or combinations of rosin size and alum.
5. A packaging material as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the paper or the cardboard is obtainable by successive addition of aqueous alkylketene dispersions and aqueous polymer size dispersions to the paper stock and drainage of the paper stock on the wire of a paper machine.
6. A packaging material as claimed in either of claims 1 and 2, wherein the paper or the cardboard is obtainable by simultaneous addition of aqueous alkylketene dimer dispersions and aqueous polymer size dispersions to the paper stock and drainage of the paper stock on the wire of a paper machine.
7. A packaging material as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the paper or the cardboard is obtainable by sizing with a size mixture comprising an aqueous polymer size dispersion and an aqueous alkylketene dimer dispersion.
8. A packaging material as claimed in any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the paper or the cardboard is additionally sized in the presence of cationic polymers.
9. A packaging material as claimed in any of claims 1 to 8, wherein the paper or the cardboard is in each case laminated on both sides with a water-impermeable plastics film and/or metal foil.
10. A packaging material as claimed in any of claims 1 to 9, wherein the paper or the cardboard is laminated on one or both sides with a film of polyethylene, polypropylene, copolymer of ethylene and propylene, polyester, polyvinyl alcohol, copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate, copolymer of ethylene and vinyl alcohol, or polyamide and/or an aluminum foil.
11. A packaging material as claimed in any of claims 1 to 8, wherein the paper or the cardboard has a basis weight of from 80 to 400 g/m2 and is laminated on both sides with a polyethylene film.
12. The use of paper products which are obtainable in each case by (i) engine sizing of a paper stock comprising an aqueous slurry of cellulose fibers with at least one polymer size or with a polymer size and an aqueous dispersion of an alkylketene dimer or a mixture thereof in the presence of a retention aid and, if appropriate, of a water-soluble aluminum compound and, if appropriate, at least one cationic polymer, (ii) drainage of the paper stock on the wire of a paper machine, (iii) drying of the paper product and (iv) lamination of the paper product on one or both sides with a plastics film or metal foil, for producing containers for packaging liquids, in particular beverages.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10322267.7 | 2003-05-16 | ||
DE2003122267 DE10322267A1 (en) | 2003-05-16 | 2003-05-16 | Packaging material, useful for liquids and beverages, comprises an at least two layer laminate of paper or card sized with a polymer sizing agent and at least one water-impermeable film |
DE102004001992.4 | 2004-01-13 | ||
DE102004001992A DE102004001992A1 (en) | 2004-01-13 | 2004-01-13 | Packaging material, useful for liquids and beverages, comprises an at least two layer laminate of paper or card sized with a polymer sizing agent and at least one water-impermeable film |
PCT/EP2004/004820 WO2004101279A1 (en) | 2003-05-16 | 2004-05-06 | Packaging material consisting of an at least double-layered composite material for producing containers for packing liquids |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA2525626A1 true CA2525626A1 (en) | 2004-11-25 |
Family
ID=33453863
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA002525626A Abandoned CA2525626A1 (en) | 2003-05-16 | 2004-05-06 | Packaging material consisting of an at least double-layered composite material for producing containers for packing liquids |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20070010386A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1626866A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2007500628A (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0410262A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2525626A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004101279A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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PL2087171T3 (en) * | 2006-12-01 | 2012-04-30 | Akzo Nobel Nv | Cellulosic product |
US20100034938A1 (en) * | 2007-01-24 | 2010-02-11 | Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance S.A. | Method of treating a packed food for purposes of extending its shelf-life |
FI120509B (en) * | 2008-04-09 | 2009-11-13 | Stora Enso Oyj | Liquid packaging board that can withstand solvents, its preparation process and use, and a beverage cup made therefrom |
JPWO2011062173A1 (en) * | 2009-11-18 | 2013-04-04 | 綜研化学株式会社 | Resin particles and method for producing the same |
FR2970005B1 (en) * | 2010-12-31 | 2014-03-28 | Saint Gobain Technical Fabrics | FLAME RETARDANT COMPOSITION BASED ON MINERAL FIBERS, AND MATS OBTAINED |
CA2858028A1 (en) * | 2011-12-15 | 2013-06-20 | Innventia Ab | System and process for improving paper and paper board |
CN102896857B (en) * | 2012-11-06 | 2015-07-15 | 云南创新新材料股份有限公司 | Paper-based aluminum-plastic composite material and preparation method thereof |
CN103614945B (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2015-08-12 | 浙江亚欣包装材料有限公司 | The production technology that aluminium combines with plating media technology is washed in a kind of location |
CN104863021A (en) * | 2015-04-29 | 2015-08-26 | 安徽顺彤包装材料有限公司 | Production process of packaging paperboard |
US10438868B2 (en) * | 2017-02-20 | 2019-10-08 | Microjet Technology Co., Ltd. | Air-cooling heat dissipation device |
DE102019200705B3 (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2020-01-30 | Sig Technology Ag | Method with generating a layer sequence from three compositions of at least partially different pH values, in particular for producing a carrier layer |
US11828027B1 (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2023-11-28 | Packaging And Crating Technologies, Llc | Fire resistant retail product packaging materials and method of manufacturing same |
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US4013480A (en) * | 1971-09-13 | 1977-03-22 | The Dow Chemical Company | Cellulosic sizing agents |
US4029885A (en) * | 1975-12-31 | 1977-06-14 | Nalco Chemical Company | Cationic starch sizing |
JPS58115196A (en) * | 1981-12-26 | 1983-07-08 | 日本カ−リツト株式会社 | Paper strength enhancer having size effect |
US4559103A (en) * | 1982-08-05 | 1985-12-17 | Honshu Seishi Kabushiki Kaisha | Packaging paper and packaging material for packaging metallic material and method of producing the same |
DE3235529A1 (en) * | 1982-09-25 | 1984-03-29 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Paper size |
DE3627594A1 (en) * | 1986-08-14 | 1988-02-18 | Basf Ag | SIZING AGENT FOR PAPER BASED ON FINE-PARTED AQUEOUS DISPERSIONS |
US4977004A (en) * | 1987-09-28 | 1990-12-11 | Tropicana Products, Inc. | Barrier structure for food packages |
SE461404C5 (en) * | 1988-06-22 | 1999-10-22 | Betzdearborn Inc | Bonding composition process for preparation thereof process for production of adhesive paper and adhesive paper |
EP0583256B1 (en) * | 1991-04-17 | 1996-07-24 | Dunapack Rt. | Cellulose-based package material having an increased adsorption capacity and process for the manufacture thereof |
DE4133123A1 (en) * | 1991-10-05 | 1993-04-08 | Basf Ag | USE OF COPOLYMERISATES FROM LONG-CHAIN OLEFINS AND MALEINIC ACID ANHYDRIDE IN THE FORM OF HALBAMIDES WITH MORPHOLINE AS A SIZING AGENT FOR PAPER |
US5401562A (en) * | 1992-03-27 | 1995-03-28 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Paper material for photosensitive materials and method of producing the same |
GB9215422D0 (en) * | 1992-07-21 | 1992-09-02 | Hercules Inc | System for sizing paper and cardboard |
DE4229142A1 (en) * | 1992-09-01 | 1994-03-03 | Basf Ag | Paper sizing mixtures |
US5308441A (en) * | 1992-10-07 | 1994-05-03 | Westvaco Corporation | Paper sizing method and product |
DE19505751A1 (en) * | 1995-02-20 | 1996-08-22 | Basf Ag | Aqueous alkyldiketene dispersions and their use as sizing agents for paper |
DE19512399A1 (en) * | 1995-04-03 | 1996-10-10 | Basf Ag | Paper sizing mixtures |
DE19540998A1 (en) * | 1995-11-03 | 1997-05-07 | Basf Ag | Aqueous alkyldiketene dispersions and their use as sizing agents for paper |
DE19654390A1 (en) * | 1996-12-27 | 1998-07-02 | Basf Ag | Process for making paper |
US6368457B1 (en) * | 1997-08-05 | 2002-04-09 | Westvaco Corporation | Internal paper sizing agent |
DE19753212A1 (en) * | 1997-12-01 | 1999-06-02 | Basf Ag | Process for mass sizing paper, cardboard and cardboard |
DE19806745A1 (en) * | 1998-02-18 | 1999-08-19 | Bayer Ag | Aqueous polymer dispersion useful as surface sizing agent for paper, cardboard etc. |
DE19960411B4 (en) * | 1999-12-15 | 2005-09-15 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Co., Wilmington | Use of a dispersion adhesive as a laminating adhesive |
EP1246969A1 (en) * | 1999-12-29 | 2002-10-09 | Minerals Technologies Inc. | Liquid packaging paper |
SE0101673L (en) * | 2001-05-10 | 2002-11-11 | Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance | Packaging laminate for an autoclavable packaging container |
DE10237913A1 (en) * | 2002-08-14 | 2004-02-26 | Basf Ag | Production of cardboard for packaging liquids by treating pulp with a sizing agent and a retention aid comprises adding a cationic polymer to the pulp |
-
2004
- 2004-05-06 CA CA002525626A patent/CA2525626A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-05-06 WO PCT/EP2004/004820 patent/WO2004101279A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-05-06 US US10/556,471 patent/US20070010386A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-05-06 JP JP2006529749A patent/JP2007500628A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-05-06 EP EP04731372A patent/EP1626866A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-05-06 BR BRPI0410262-2A patent/BRPI0410262A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20070010386A1 (en) | 2007-01-11 |
JP2007500628A (en) | 2007-01-18 |
EP1626866A1 (en) | 2006-02-22 |
WO2004101279A1 (en) | 2004-11-25 |
BRPI0410262A (en) | 2006-05-16 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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FZDE | Discontinued |