WO2011021301A1 - 燃料電池システム - Google Patents
燃料電池システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011021301A1 WO2011021301A1 PCT/JP2009/064613 JP2009064613W WO2011021301A1 WO 2011021301 A1 WO2011021301 A1 WO 2011021301A1 JP 2009064613 W JP2009064613 W JP 2009064613W WO 2011021301 A1 WO2011021301 A1 WO 2011021301A1
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- hydrogen
- fuel cell
- pressure
- cell
- fuel
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
- H01M8/04179—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal by purging or increasing flow or pressure of reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04253—Means for solving freezing problems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04268—Heating of fuel cells during the start-up of the fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04544—Voltage
- H01M8/04559—Voltage of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04783—Pressure differences, e.g. between anode and cathode
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to start-up control of a fuel cell system.
- a fuel electrode and an oxidant electrode are arranged on both sides of an electrolyte membrane, and power is generated by an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen supplied to the fuel electrode and oxygen in the air supplied to the oxidant electrode.
- many fuel cells are used in which water is generated at the oxidizer electrode.
- Such a fuel cell cannot output the specified voltage and current when operated at a temperature lower than the normal operating temperature.
- normal operation is performed when the fuel cell freezes due to a temperature below the freezing point during stoppage.
- the warm-up operation is often performed until the temperature is reached.
- a warm-up operation method a low-efficiency operation is performed in which the supply amount of air supplied to the fuel cell is smaller than a normal supply amount, and the fuel cell is often warmed up due to increased heat loss.
- a cell stoichiometric ratio calculating means for calculating a cell stoichiometric ratio of a predetermined gas for each unit cell, and when the cell stoichiometric ratio is lower than a predetermined value Is provided with a gas amount increasing means for increasing the supply amount of a predetermined gas, and even when the gas flow path is closed due to freezing, the deterioration of the fuel cell due to gas shortage is suppressed and the fuel cell is warmed up. It has been proposed to perform in a short time (for example, see Patent Document 2).
- the fuel cell By the way, in the fuel cell, more hydrogen is supplied than the amount of hydrogen required for power generation so that stable power generation can be performed. For this reason, the entire amount of hydrogen gas supplied to the fuel cell does not react to become electrical output, but part of the hydrogen gas is discharged from the hydrogen gas outlet of the fuel cell together with nitrogen gas in the system as unreacted gas. And recirculated to the hydrogen gas inlet by a hydrogen gas circulation pump. And when nitrogen gas in the hydrogen system is concentrated by operation, the partial pressure of nitrogen gas is lowered by discharging unreacted gas from the hydrogen system to the atmosphere so as to secure the hydrogen partial pressure necessary for power generation. Often configured. For this reason, the gas supplied from the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell contains hydrogen gas and nitrogen gas.
- the water remaining in the hydrogen gas system may freeze and block part of the hydrogen gas flow path.
- the hydrogen system is a circulation system
- Nitrogen gas that is consumed by power generation but does not react is not discharged from the blocked channel, and is accumulated and concentrated in the blocked channel. For this reason, there has been a problem that the partial pressure of nitrogen in the hydrogen flow path where the blockage occurs rapidly increases, and the generated voltage of the cell where the blockage occurs becomes a negative voltage.
- each cell Since the generation of the negative voltage due to the accumulation of nitrogen in the hydrogen gas flow path occurs immediately after the start of power generation of the fuel cell, in the prior art described in Patent Documents 1 and 2, each cell has a negative voltage after starting the fuel cell. Therefore, there is a problem that the fuel cell may be deteriorated at the time of starting below freezing.
- An object of the present invention is to suppress the deterioration of the fuel cell at the time of starting below freezing point.
- a fuel cell system of the present invention is provided between a fuel cell in which a plurality of cells are stacked and generates power by an electrochemical reaction between a fuel gas and an oxidant gas, a fuel tank, and a fuel gas inlet of the fuel cell,
- a pressure control valve for adjusting the gas pressure at the fuel gas inlet, a gas circulation pump for circulating the reacted fuel gas from the fuel gas outlet of the fuel cell to the fuel gas inlet, and a cell voltage for acquiring the voltage of each cell
- An acquisition unit and a control unit that performs start and stop of the gas circulation pump and adjustment of an opening degree of the pressure control valve, and the control unit controls the pressure control valve when starting the fuel cell.
- the opening is adjusted, fuel gas is introduced into the fuel gas inlet, the gas pressure at the fuel gas inlet is set to a first pressure, the fuel gas circulation pump is started, and each of the above-mentioned acquired by the cell voltage acquisition means cell When at least one of the voltages is lower than a predetermined voltage, a blockage determining means for determining that a blockage has occurred in the fuel gas flow channel inside the fuel cell; When it is determined that the blockage has occurred, the opening of the pressure control valve is adjusted, the fuel gas is introduced into the fuel gas inlet, and the gas pressure at the fuel inlet is set to be higher than the first pressure. The fuel gas circulation pump is stopped to stop the fuel gas flow path to stop the fuel gas flow path.
- the blockage eliminating means may reduce the output current of the fuel cell until the negative voltage of each cell is eliminated, and then increase the output current to a predetermined current.
- the fuel cell system further comprises cell current density distribution acquisition means for detecting the current density distribution of each cell, and the blockage determination means includes the current density distribution of each cell acquired by the cell current density distribution acquisition means. It may be determined that a blockage has occurred in the fuel gas flow path when a bias equal to or greater than a threshold is met.
- the cell current density distribution acquisition means is each partial current detection plate set provided in each cell on the fuel gas upstream side and fuel gas downstream side, and the fuel gas upstream side of each partial current detection plate set
- a threshold value it is determined that the fuel gas passage is clogged. Also good.
- the present invention has an effect that it is possible to suppress deterioration of the fuel cell at the time of starting below freezing point.
- FIG. 1 is a system diagram showing a configuration of a fuel cell system in an embodiment of the present invention. It is a flowchart of starting of the fuel cell system in the embodiment of the present invention. It is a time chart which shows the operation
- the fuel cell 11 of the fuel cell system 100 of the present embodiment is formed by stacking a plurality of cells 10, using oxygen-containing air as the oxidant gas and hydrogen as the fuel gas.
- Air which is an oxidant gas, is sucked from the atmosphere into the air compressor 12 through the air suction line 16 via the air flow meter 14, and the discharge air pressurized by the air compressor 12 is sent from the air supply line 17 to the fuel cell. 11 is supplied.
- the intake air pipe 16 is provided with a temperature sensor 40 that acquires the temperature of the intake air.
- the air that has entered the fuel cell 11 reacts with the hydrogen supplied from the hydrogen system while passing through the air flow path provided inside the fuel cell 11 to reduce oxygen.
- the water produced as a result of the reaction increases in the air flow path as water vapor or water droplets.
- the air whose water content has increased after the reaction is discharged from the air flow path inside the fuel cell 11 to the air discharge pipe 18.
- the air discharge pipe 18 is provided with an air pressure adjustment valve 15 that adjusts the air pressure in the air flow path inside the fuel cell 11, and the air supply pipe 17 is provided with a pressure sensor 33 that acquires the air pressure. ing.
- a bypass line 19 is provided in which a part of the sucked air is not supplied to the fuel cell 11 and flows out to the air discharge line 18 on the downstream side of the air pressure control valve 15. Is provided with a bypass valve 19a for adjusting the bypass air flow rate.
- the air discharge line 18 and the bypass line 19 merge and are connected to the exhaust line 20.
- the air that has flowed into the exhaust pipe 20 is exhausted from the atmospheric discharge port 31 to the atmosphere.
- the flow rate of air flowing into the fuel cell system 100 is adjusted by adjusting the rotational speed of the motor 13 of the air compressor 12.
- Hydrogen gas as fuel gas is stored in the hydrogen gas tank 21. Hydrogen is supplied from the hydrogen gas tank 21 through the hydrogen supply line 22 and the hydrogen inlet line 23 to the hydrogen flow path inside the fuel cell 11. A part of the hydrogen flowing into the hydrogen flow path of the fuel cell 11 is consumed by power generation, but the hydrogen that has not been consumed is discharged from the hydrogen flow path inside the fuel cell 11 to the hydrogen outlet pipe 24. The reacted hydrogen gas or the like discharged to the hydrogen outlet line 24 is pressurized by a hydrogen circulation pump 29 provided in the hydrogen circulation line 25 and recirculated to the hydrogen inlet line 23. The hydrogen circulation pump 29 is driven by a motor 30.
- the hydrogen supply line 22 is provided with a hydrogen pressure control valve 27 for adjusting the pressure of the hydrogen system of the fuel cell 11, and the hydrogen inlet line 23 is a pressure sensor 34 for acquiring the total gas pressure at the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell 11. Is attached. The total pressure at the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell 11 is adjusted by a hydrogen pressure control valve 27.
- a load 32 is connected to the fuel cell 11, and a voltage sensor 36 that acquires an output voltage from the fuel cell 11 to the load 32 and a current sensor 35 that acquires an output current are provided.
- the fuel cell 11 has a temperature sensor 37 for acquiring the temperature, partial current detection plates 39 a and 39 b provided on the upstream side and the downstream side of the hydrogen flow path of each cell 10, and each cell 10.
- a cell voltmeter 38 for acquiring the voltage is attached.
- the partial current detection plates 39a and 39b on the upstream side and the downstream side of each cell 10 are combined to form one partial current detection plate set 39.
- the motor 13 of the air compressor 12, the air pressure adjustment valve 15, the bypass valve 19 a, the hydrogen pressure adjustment valve 27, the motor 30 of the hydrogen circulation pump 29, the hydrogen discharge valve 28, and the load 32 are connected to the control unit 50. It is comprised so that it may operate
- the control unit 50 is a computer that includes a CPU that performs signal processing and a memory that stores a control program, control data, and the like. In FIG. 1, the alternate long and short dash line indicates a signal line.
- step S ⁇ b> 101 of FIG. 2 when the fuel cell system 100 is activated, the control unit 50 acquires the atmospheric temperature by the temperature sensor 40. Then, as shown in step S102 of FIG. 2, when the atmospheric temperature is below freezing point, the fuel cell 11 is started at a low temperature while being warmed up. Further, when the atmospheric temperature acquired by the temperature sensor 40 exceeds the freezing point, the control unit 50 performs a normal activation that activates the fuel cell 11 without warming up as shown in step S118 of FIG. .
- step S102 of FIG. 2 If the atmospheric temperature in step S102 of FIG. 2 is determined to be less freezing point, at time t 1 in FIG. 3, as shown in step S103 of FIG. 2, the control unit 50, the motor 30 of the air compressor 12 The air compressor 12 is started by driving, and the hydrogen circulation pump 29 is started by driving the motor 30 of the hydrogen circulation pump 29 as shown in step S104 of FIG. 2, and as shown in step S105 of FIG.
- the opening degree of the hydrogen pressure control valve 27 is adjusted so that the hydrogen inlet total pressure P T of the fuel cell 11 acquired by the pressure sensor 34 becomes the total pressure P 1T .
- the cell voltage Vc of the cell 10 from the time t 1 starts to rise.
- the amount of air supplied to the fuel cell 11 is made smaller than the amount of air in the normal operation, and the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell 11 is lowered to generate power.
- the fuel cell 11 is warmed up by the heat loss generated from the battery 11.
- the current-voltage characteristic of the fuel cell 11 is more inclined than the dotted line a indicating the current-voltage characteristic of the normal operation, as shown in FIG.
- the output voltage and output current of the fuel cell 11 change along the line b.
- the output current I from the fuel cell 11 is It becomes zero.
- the control unit 50 starts the fuel cell 11 while maintaining the voltage of the load 32 at V 0 , and reduces the air flow rate so that the current-voltage characteristic of the fuel cell 11 becomes the line b in FIG.
- the cell voltage Vc of each cell 10 of the fuel cell 11 rises to V 0 C , and the output current I from the fuel cell 11 is zero.
- Control unit 50 confirm that the cell voltage Vc of each cell 10 is equal to or greater than a predetermined voltage, lowers the voltage of the load 32 to the time t 2 shown in FIG. 3, the output voltage V of the fuel cell 11 Reduce. Then, the operating state of the fuel cell 11 changes along the line b in FIG.
- the control unit 50 reduces the output voltage V to V 1 so that the output current I of the fuel cell 11 becomes I 1, and as shown in step S106 of FIG. 2, the fuel cell 11 The output current I from is I 1 .
- FIG. 5 schematically shows the state of the hydrogen electrode when the fuel cell 11 is filled with hydrogen and the operation is started.
- the total pressure P 1T at the hydrogen inlet is a first pressure, which is lower than about 250 kPa of the total pressure PT at the hydrogen inlet when the fuel cell 11 is normally started.
- FIG. 5 schematically shows that hydrogen and nitrogen are separated from each other, actually, hydrogen and nitrogen are mixed and exist in the hydrogen flow paths 61 to 64.
- the hydrogen flow path 62 is clogged due to freezing, and the gas cannot flow out from the hydrogen flow path 62 to the hydrogen outlet pipe 24.
- the hydrogen circulation pump 29 sucks the mixed gas 65 of hydrogen and nitrogen from the hydrogen flow paths 61, 63, and 64 and recirculates the mixed gas 65 to the hydrogen inlet line 23.
- hydrogen consumed by power generation is supplied from the hydrogen supply line 22 to the hydrogen inlet line 23.
- a mixed gas 66 of hydrogen gas and nitrogen gas is supplied to each of the hydrogen flow paths 61 to 64.
- the mixed gas 66 supplied to each of the hydrogen flow paths 61 to 64 has a higher proportion of hydrogen than the mixed gas 65 recirculated by the hydrogen circulation pump 29 by the amount of hydrogen supplied from the hydrogen supply pipe 22. .
- the cell voltage Vc of the cell 10 with the hydrogen flow path 62 gradually decreases as shown by the one-dot chain line d in FIG. Finally, it becomes a negative voltage.
- the negative voltage is generated by setting the initial hydrogen inlet total pressure P T to the fuel cell 11 to about 100 kPa, which is lower than the total hydrogen inlet pressure 250 kPa during normal startup, and the residual nitrogen partial pressure P 0N and hydrogen. Since the partial pressure P 0H is set to substantially the same pressure, it occurs in a very short time, for example, about 10 to 20 seconds after starting to output current from the fuel cell 11.
- the control unit 50 obtains each cell voltage Vc by the cell voltmeter 38 attached to each cell 10 as shown in step S107 of FIG. 2, and the voltage Vc is obtained as shown in step S108 of FIG. Compared with the predetermined voltage V 2 c in the present embodiment. If none of the plurality of cell voltages Vc has a voltage lower than the predetermined voltage V 2 c, whether or not a predetermined time has elapsed as shown in step S117 of FIG. If the predetermined time has not elapsed, the process returns to step S107 in FIG. 2, and the cell voltage Vc of each cell 10 is acquired again and compared with the predetermined voltage V 2 c.
- the predetermined time is a time until a negative voltage is generated, and may be, for example, about 10 to 20 seconds as in the above example, or may be longer than that.
- This predetermined time is determined by the initial applied pressure of hydrogen, and may be variable so as to increase as the total hydrogen inlet pressure PT increases.
- the control unit 50 When there is a cell 10 whose voltage is lower than the predetermined voltage V 2 c among the plurality of cell voltages Vc within a predetermined time, the control unit 50 performs time t 3 in FIG. In addition, the output current I of the fuel cell 11 is decreased as shown in step S109 of FIG. The controller 50 decreases the output current I from the fuel cell 11 by increasing the voltage of the load 32. Thereafter, the control unit 50 raises the voltage of the load 32 to V 0 shown in FIG. 4, temporarily sets the output current I from the fuel cell 11 to zero at time t 4 in FIG. 3, and sets the cell voltage Vc to V 0c . . As a result, as indicated by a one-dot chain line d in FIG.
- the voltage of the cell 10 causing the blockage is also restored from the negative voltage to the positive voltage.
- the output current I from the fuel cell 11 may be a current value larger than zero as long as the voltage of the cell 10 that is blocked can be recovered from the negative voltage to the positive voltage.
- control unit 50 adjusts the hydrogen pressure regulating valve 27 to adjust the hydrogen pressure control valve 27 to the hydrogen flow paths 61 to 64 as shown in Step S110 of FIG. 2 at the same time when the output current I from the fuel cell 11 starts to decrease.
- the hydrogen inlet total pressure P T is increased to a total pressure P 2T higher than the initial hydrogen inlet total pressure P 1T .
- This total pressure P 2T is the second pressure.
- the hydrogen partial pressure of the hydrogen flow paths 61, 63, and 64 where no blockage has occurred increases from the partial pressure P 1H before pressurization to P 2H , and the hydrogen flow in which the blockage occurs.
- the hydrogen partial pressure in the passage 62 increases from the partial pressure P 1H ′ before pressurization to P 2H ′, but the nitrogen partial pressure in each of the hydrogen flow paths 61 to 64 does not change, and the hydrogen flow without clogging occurs.
- the nitrogen partial pressure of the passages 61, 63, and 64 is P 1N
- the nitrogen partial pressure of the hydrogen passage 62 where the blockage is generated is P 1N ′.
- the total pressure P 2T at the hydrogen inlet may be, for example, 250 kPa, which is the same as the total pressure during normal startup.
- hydrogen is initially filled with a partial pressure of 50 kPa to set the total pressure P 1T at the hydrogen inlet to 100 kPa, and then the hydrogen in the hydrogen flow path 62 closed by power generation is reduced.
- the hydrogen partial pressure P 2H ′ in the hydrogen channel 62 after pressurization is 250.
- ⁇ 100 150 kPa
- the control unit 50 stops the hydrogen circulation pump 29 by stopping the motor 30 of the hydrogen circulation pump 29, as shown in step S111 of FIG. By stopping the hydrogen circulation pump 29 in this way, it is possible to prevent nitrogen from being brought into the closed hydrogen flow path 62 from the closed hydrogen flow paths 61, 63, 64 during power generation of the fuel cell 11. .
- the hydrogen 67 corresponding to the hydrogen consumed by the power generation in each of the hydrogen flow paths 61 to 64 is filled, so that the nitrogen partial pressures P 1N and P of the hydrogen flow paths 61 to 64 are filled. Since 1N ′ does not increase so much during the power generation of the fuel cell 11, the warm-up operation of the fuel cell 11 can be continued.
- the control unit 50 sets the output current I from the fuel cell 11 to zero as shown in step S112 in FIG.
- the voltage V is lowered and the output current I from the fuel cell 11 is set to I 2 which is smaller than I 1 .
- I 2 may be any size that can continue to warm-up operation of the fuel cell 1 1, depending on the operational state of the fuel cell 11, may be the initial output current I 1 and the same current.
- the controller 50 continues the warm-up operation of the fuel cell 11 in this state, and operates until the hydrogen flow path 62 closed by freezing due to the heat loss of the fuel cell 11 is thawed.
- the control unit 50 acquires the temperature of the fuel cell 11 by the temperature sensor 37, and as shown in step S114 of FIG. In comparison, when the temperature of the fuel cell 11 is higher than the blockage elimination temperature, it is determined that the blockage of the blocked hydrogen channel 62 has been eliminated. Then, the control unit 50 starts the motor 30 of the hydrogen circulation pump 29 and restarts the hydrogen circulation pump 29 as shown in Step S115 of FIG.
- the control unit 50 decreases the voltage of the load 32 to increase the output current from the fuel cell 11, and further continues the warm-up operation of the fuel cell 11.
- the fuel cell system 100 is activated by setting the total hydrogen inlet pressure of the fuel cell 11 to the first pressure when starting below the freezing point, and freezing hydrogen flow in a short time. After detecting the presence or absence of the cell 10 whose path is blocked, if there is a blockage, the total pressure at the hydrogen inlet is raised to the second pressure and the hydrogen circulation pump 29 is stopped to warm up the fuel cell 11. Therefore, even when a blockage occurs in the hydrogen flow path, the warm-up operation can be performed in a state where there is not a shortage of hydrogen gas, so that it is possible to suppress the deterioration of the fuel cell 11 due to the shortage of hydrogen gas. .
- the first pressure has been described as a pressure lower than the total hydrogen pressure at the time of normal startup. However, the first pressure is in a hydrogen flow path that is blocked by freezing between the first pressure and the second pressure. If there is a pressure difference that can be filled with hydrogen necessary for the warm-up operation, the pressure may be equal to the pressure at the normal start-up.
- the region has a large power generation current density CD (the magnitude of current per unit area), and the downstream region has a low current density CD.
- the hydrogen flow paths 61 to 64 are configured such that the mixed gas flows in from the upper side in the gravity direction and the reacted gas is discharged from the lower side in the gravity direction. For this reason, when the hydrogen flow path 62 is blocked, the heavy nitrogen that has flowed into the closed hydrogen flow path 62 gradually moves downward in the gravitational direction, the hydrogen partial pressure is biased upstream, and the upstream current density CD increases. .
- the current density CD on the upstream side of the hydrogen flow path gradually increases as the power generation of the fuel cell 11 continues, whereas as shown by the one-dot chain line k in FIG.
- the current density CD on the downstream side of the path does not increase beyond the current density even if power generation is continued, and the current density difference between the current density on the upstream side of the hydrogen flow path and the current density on the downstream side of the hydrogen flow path ⁇ CD increases with time.
- This embodiment has the same effect as the above-described embodiment.
- the configuration of the fuel cell system 100 of the present reference example is the same as that of the embodiment described with reference to FIG. 1, and all the hydrogen inlets such as the first pressure and the second pressure are activated at the time of startup. If it is determined not to increase the pressure stepwise, but to start below the freezing point, the total pressure at the hydrogen inlet is increased to a pressure higher than the hydrogen pressure during normal startup, and the hydrogen circulation pump 29 is started. Without warming up.
- step S ⁇ b> 201 of FIG. 10 when the fuel cell system 100 is activated, the control unit 50 acquires the atmospheric temperature by the temperature sensor 40. Then, as shown in step S202 of FIG. 10, when the atmospheric temperature is below freezing point, the fuel cell 11 is started at a low temperature while being warmed up. Further, when the atmospheric temperature acquired by the temperature sensor 40 exceeds the freezing point, the control unit 50 performs a normal activation that activates the fuel cell 11 without warming up as shown in step S211 of FIG. .
- step S202 in FIG. 10 When it is determined in step S202 in FIG. 10 that the atmospheric temperature is below the freezing point, as shown in step S203 in FIG. 10, the control unit 50 drives the motor 30 of the air compressor 12 to turn on the air compressor 12. As shown in step S204 of FIG. 10, the opening degree of the hydrogen pressure control valve 27 is adjusted so that the hydrogen inlet total pressure P T of the fuel cell 11 acquired by the pressure sensor 34 becomes the total pressure P 4T .
- the total pressure P 4T is a pressure higher than the total pressure at the hydrogen inlet at the time of hydrogen pressurization when starting the fuel cell 11 at room temperature. As described above, when hydrogen and air are injected into the fuel cell 11, the power generation of the fuel cell 11 is started.
- the controller 50 After increasing the hydrogen inlet total pressure to the total pressure P 4T , the controller 50 adjusts the load voltage so that the output current I of the fuel cell 11 becomes I 3 as shown in step S205 of FIG. .
- the output current I 3 may be as large as the output current at the normal start-up, or from the output current at the normal start-up considering that the hydrogen circulation pump 29 is stopped. May be a small current.
- the control unit 50 continues the warm-up operation of the fuel cell 11 and operates until the hydrogen flow path 62 closed by freezing due to the heat loss of the fuel cell 11 is thawed.
- the control unit 50 acquires the temperature of the fuel cell 11 by the temperature sensor 37, and as shown in step S207 of FIG. In comparison, when the temperature of the fuel cell 11 is higher than the blockage elimination temperature, it is determined that the blockage of the blocked hydrogen channel 62 has been eliminated.
- the control unit 50 reduces the total pressure at the hydrogen inlet to P 5T having the same pressure as that at the time of normal startup, and then, as shown in step S209 of FIG. Then, the motor 30 of the hydrogen circulation pump 29 is started, and the hydrogen circulation pump 29 is started.
- step S ⁇ b> 210 of FIG. 10 the control unit 50 decreases the voltage of the load 32 to increase the output current from the fuel cell 11 and further continues the warm-up operation of the fuel cell 11.
- the total pressure at the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell 11 is set higher than the total pressure at the hydrogen inlet at the time of starting the normal fuel cell 11.
- the hydrogen partial pressure in the hydrogen flow path 74 is increased by increasing the total pressure at the hydrogen inlet at the time of starting below freezing to be higher than the total pressure at the time of normal startup, so that the hydrogen is the catalyst 72 and the electrolyte membrane 71. This makes it possible to effectively suppress the generation of a negative voltage and the deterioration of the fuel cell 11 due to the shortage of hydrogen gas even when starting below freezing.
- the hydrogen circulation pump 29 is stopped and started when the fuel cell is started.
- the fuel cell 11 may be started by starting the hydrogen circulation pump 29.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (4)
- 燃料電池システムであって、
複数のセルが積層され、燃料ガスと酸化剤ガスとの電気化学反応により発電する燃料電池と、
燃料タンクと前記燃料電池の燃料ガス入口との間に設けられ、前記燃料ガス入口のガス圧力を調整する圧力調節弁と、
反応後の燃料ガスを前記燃料電池の燃料ガス出口から前記燃料ガス入口に循環させるガス循環ポンプと、
各セルの電圧を取得するセル電圧取得手段と、
前記ガス循環ポンプの起動停止と前記圧力調節弁の開度の調整とを行う制御部と、を備え、
前記制御部は、
前記燃料電池の始動の際に、前記圧力調節弁の開度を調整し、前記燃料ガス入口に燃料ガスを導入して前記燃料ガス入口のガス圧力を第1の圧力とし、前記燃料ガス循環ポンプを始動し、前記セル電圧取得手段によって取得した各前記セルの電圧の少なくとも1つが所定の電圧よりも低い場合には、前記燃料電池内部の燃料ガス流路に閉塞が発生していると判断する閉塞判定手段と、
前記閉塞判定手段によって前記燃料ガス流路に閉塞が発生していると判断した場合に、前記圧力調節弁の開度を調整し、前記燃料ガス入口に燃料ガスを導入して前記燃料入口のガス圧力を第1の圧力よりも高圧の第2の圧力とし、前記燃料ガス循環ポンプを停止して前記燃料ガス流路の閉塞を解消する閉塞解消手段と、
を有する燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記閉塞解消手段は、各前記セルの負電圧が解消されるまで前記燃料電池の出力電流を低減した後、所定の電流に上昇させる燃料電池システム。 - 請求項2に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
各前記セルの電流密度分布を検出するセル電流密度分布取得手段を備え、
前記閉塞判定手段は、前記セル電流密度分布取得手段によって取得した各前記セルの電流密度分布に閾値以上の偏りが合った場合に、前記燃料ガス流路に閉塞が発生していると判断する燃料電池システム。 - 請求項3に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記セル電流密度分布取得手段は、燃料ガス上流側と燃料ガス下流側の各前記セルに設けた各部分電流検知板組であり、前記各部分電流検知板組の燃料ガス上流側の部分電流検知板によって検出した電流密度と燃料ガス下流側の部分電流検知板で検出した電流密度との差が閾値以上の場合に前記燃料ガス流路に閉塞が発生していると判断する燃料電池システム。
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CN200980161052.4A CN102484265B (zh) | 2009-08-21 | 2009-08-21 | 燃料电池系统 |
US13/390,005 US8691461B2 (en) | 2009-08-21 | 2009-08-21 | Fuel cell system |
PCT/JP2009/064613 WO2011021301A1 (ja) | 2009-08-21 | 2009-08-21 | 燃料電池システム |
JP2010542418A JP5170257B2 (ja) | 2009-08-21 | 2009-08-21 | 燃料電池システム |
DE112009005162.6T DE112009005162B8 (de) | 2009-08-21 | 2009-08-21 | Steuerverfahren für ein Brennstoffzellensystem |
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JP (1) | JP5170257B2 (ja) |
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US20120141898A1 (en) | 2012-06-07 |
JPWO2011021301A1 (ja) | 2013-01-17 |
US8691461B2 (en) | 2014-04-08 |
DE112009005162T5 (de) | 2012-07-05 |
DE112009005162T8 (de) | 2012-08-30 |
CN102484265B (zh) | 2014-07-30 |
JP5170257B2 (ja) | 2013-03-27 |
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