WO2011013700A1 - キャリアペプチドフラグメント及びその利用 - Google Patents
キャリアペプチドフラグメント及びその利用 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011013700A1 WO2011013700A1 PCT/JP2010/062693 JP2010062693W WO2011013700A1 WO 2011013700 A1 WO2011013700 A1 WO 2011013700A1 JP 2010062693 W JP2010062693 W JP 2010062693W WO 2011013700 A1 WO2011013700 A1 WO 2011013700A1
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- amino acid
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K7/00—Peptides having 5 to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
- C07K7/04—Linear peptides containing only normal peptide links
- C07K7/08—Linear peptides containing only normal peptide links having 12 to 20 amino acids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
- A61K47/62—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being a protein, peptide or polyamino acid
- A61K47/64—Drug-peptide, drug-protein or drug-polyamino acid conjugates, i.e. the modifying agent being a peptide, protein or polyamino acid which is covalently bonded or complexed to a therapeutically active agent
- A61K47/645—Polycationic or polyanionic oligopeptides, polypeptides or polyamino acids, e.g. polylysine, polyarginine, polyglutamic acid or peptide TAT
- A61K47/6455—Polycationic oligopeptides, polypeptides or polyamino acids, e.g. for complexing nucleic acids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/14—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abnormal movements, e.g. chorea, dyskinesia
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/14—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abnormal movements, e.g. chorea, dyskinesia
- A61P25/16—Anti-Parkinson drugs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
- C07K2319/01—Fusion polypeptide containing a localisation/targetting motif
- C07K2319/10—Fusion polypeptide containing a localisation/targetting motif containing a tag for extracellular membrane crossing, e.g. TAT or VP22
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2710/00—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA dsDNA viruses
- C12N2710/00011—Details
- C12N2710/14011—Baculoviridae
- C12N2710/14111—Nucleopolyhedrovirus, e.g. autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus
- C12N2710/14141—Use of virus, viral particle or viral elements as a vector
- C12N2710/14143—Use of virus, viral particle or viral elements as a vector viral genome or elements thereof as genetic vector
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for introducing (transferring) a foreign substance from the outside of a eukaryotic cell to the inside of the cell, and a carrier peptide fragment used in the method. Note that this application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2009-177103 filed on July 29, 2009, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. ing.
- a foreign substance such as a polypeptide, especially a physiologically active substance is introduced into a cell (eukaryotic cell) of a human or other mammal, and the trait of the cell (or tissue or organ comprising the cell) is transformed. Or the function of the cell is improved or improved.
- Patent Document 1 describes a cell-permeable carrier peptide for introducing a foreign substance such as a polypeptide or DNA into a cell.
- a physiologically active substance such as a polypeptide or DNA can be introduced into a cell with high efficiency by using a carrier peptide conjugate in which a cell-permeable carrier peptide and a heterologous polypeptide, DNA or the like are linked. It is stated that it can be done.
- the entire polypeptide having a relatively large molecular weight as a foreign substance (physiologically active substance) to be introduced can be easily introduced into the target cell without using a special device to transform the cell or improve its function ( (Or improvement) is required.
- an amino acid sequence portion that is the minimum unit capable of expressing the function that is, a peptide motif (peptide fragment)
- a method for efficiently introducing the amino acid sequence (foreign substance) constituting s into cells is also a demand for a method for efficiently introducing the amino acid sequence (foreign substance) constituting s into cells.
- cell-permeable carrier peptides for example, cell-permeable carrier peptides derived from HIV and Drosophila
- cell-permeable carrier peptides are polypeptides (proteins), DNAs, and the like. Therefore, there is a need for a cell-permeable carrier peptide that can introduce a foreign substance into the cytoplasm through the cell membrane more efficiently, because it cannot be said to have sufficient performance with respect to the introduction of a foreign substance having a relatively large molecular weight into the cell. It has been.
- the technique described in Patent Document 1 has succeeded in slightly improving cell membrane permeation performance by adding a specific amino acid sequence to the C-terminus of a conventional cell-permeable carrier peptide in order to meet such demands. Is not enough.
- the present invention also provides a construct for introducing the foreign substance prepared so as to contain the carrier peptide fragment disclosed herein and the foreign substance.
- the present invention also provides cells, organs and other biological tissues in which a construct having the carrier peptide fragment disclosed herein and a foreign substance is introduced into the cytoplasm (including in the nucleus).
- the present inventor has studied various peptides (or amino acid sequences constituting a part of the peptide (that is, a motif whose function is specified)) whose amino acid sequence has already been identified as a peptide having some function in the cell, In spite of the relatively short chain length, the present inventors have found an amino acid sequence that can be preferably used as the carrier peptide (fragment) and completed the present invention.
- One of the methods provided by the present invention is that at least one of the eukaryotic cells (particularly various animal cells represented by humans and other mammals having no cell wall) (ie outside the cell membrane) In this method, a desired foreign substance is introduced (transferred) into the cytoplasm (preferably further into the nucleus).
- the method for introducing a foreign substance disclosed herein comprises an amino acid sequence consisting of KKRTLRKNDRKKR (SEQ ID NO: 1), or one or two or three amino acid residues in the amino acid sequence are substituted, deleted, and / or Alternatively, introduction of a foreign substance having a carrier peptide fragment consisting of any of the amino acid sequences formed by addition (insertion) and a target foreign substance bound to the N-terminal side and / or the C-terminal side of the carrier peptide fragment Preparing a structure for use, Supplying the foreign substance introduction construct into a sample containing a target eukaryotic cell (typically a culture containing the cell); Incubate the sample supplied with the foreign substance introduction construct (that is, hold the sample for a certain period of time under the condition that the target cell can survive) and introduce the construct into the eukaryotic cell in the sample.
- a target eukaryotic cell typically a culture containing the cell
- the “foreign substance” is an inorganic compound or an organic compound that can be directly or indirectly bonded to the N-terminal side or the C-terminal side of the carrier peptide fragment via an appropriate linker, and is contained in a eukaryotic cell. It has a molecular size and chemical properties that can be introduced.
- Non-Patent Document 1 the present inventor has obtained the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 known as Nucleolar localization signal (hereinafter referred to as “NoLS”),
- NoLS Nucleolar localization signal
- a construct containing a foreign substance to be produced is prepared and supplied to eukaryotic cells in culture, and the construct can pass through the cell membrane of the target eukaryotic cell with high efficiency. It came.
- the target foreign substance typically, an organic compound such as a polypeptide, nucleic acid, dye, drug, etc.
- a sample containing a target eukaryotic cell typically, a culture containing the cell, comprising a foreign substance introduction construct constructed by binding directly or indirectly via a suitable linker to the C-terminal side ) (Ie, added to viable eukaryotic cells)
- the target foreign substance is passed from the outside of the eukaryotic cell (outside of the cell membrane) through the cell membrane (preferably further to the nuclear membrane). And can be introduced into the nucleus) with high efficiency.
- the foreign substance is any organic compound selected from the group consisting of polypeptides, nucleic acids, dyes, and drugs.
- a construct prepared so as to contain this kind of organic compound can be efficiently introduced into a target cell.
- polypeptide refers to a polymer having a structure in which a plurality of amino acids are bonded by peptide bonds, and is a term not limited by the number of peptide bonds (ie, the number of amino acid residues).
- polypeptide includes a term generally referred to as a peptide having 10 to less than 300 amino acid residues and a term generally referred to as a protein (a polymer compound typically composed of 300 or more amino acid residues). It is. Actually, polypeptides and proteins are not strictly separated in this field, and polymers (including oligomers) composed of a plurality of amino acid residues are collectively referred to as polypeptides in this specification.
- the “nucleic acid” herein refers to a polymer of nucleotides, and includes DNA and RNA. It is not limited by the number of bases.
- the foreign substance is a polypeptide and may be a polypeptide having a relatively large molecular weight (number of amino acid residues).
- a polypeptide having 100 or more amino acid residues for example, about 100 to 1000, typically about 100 to 600, for example, about 200 to 500
- the foreign substance is a mature polypeptide derived from any biological species or a precursor polypeptide thereof (ie, including a pre-type polypeptide or a pre-pro type polypeptide for a mature polypeptide), and the foreign substance.
- the substance introduction construct is provided as a synthetic polypeptide having an amino acid sequence corresponding to the mature polypeptide as a foreign substance or a precursor polypeptide thereof and the amino acid sequence of the carrier peptide fragment.
- the synthetic polypeptide is a term encompassing both a polypeptide biosynthesized by a so-called genetic engineering technique and a polypeptide obtained by chemical synthesis (for example, use of a commercially available peptide synthesizer).
- the target polypeptide that is, the amino acid sequence constituting the polypeptide
- a mature polypeptide composed of 100 or more and 1000 or less amino acid residues or a precursor polypeptide thereof can be introduced into a target cell.
- a target eukaryotic cell into which the construct for introducing a foreign substance is introduced is a cell derived from a human or a non-human mammal (for example, various forms of body).
- a target foreign substance having a predetermined function can be introduced into human or other mammalian cells (eg, somatic cells such as skin cells and nerve cells, somatic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, ES cells). it can.
- stem cells such as ES cells and iPS cells
- transformation of the stem cells according to the foreign substance to be introduced for example, specific cells (neural cells, bone cells, muscle cells, skin) Differentiation into cells, etc.
- the present invention provides at least intracytoplasmic (preferably further intranuclear) from the outside of eukaryotic cells (particularly various animal cells represented by humans and other mammals having no cell wall). )
- the foreign substance introduction construct disclosed herein has an amino acid sequence consisting of KKRTLRKNDRKKR (SEQ ID NO: 1), or one or two or three amino acid residues in the amino acid sequence substituted, deleted, and And / or a carrier peptide fragment composed of any of the amino acid sequences formed by addition (insertion) and a target foreign substance bound to the N-terminal side and / or the C-terminal side of the carrier peptide fragment.
- the target foreign substance can be effectively introduced into the target cell.
- cells into which the foreign substance has been introduced and organs and other biological tissues containing cells containing the foreign substance can be obtained.
- the foreign substance is any organic compound selected from the group consisting of polypeptides, nucleic acids, dyes and drugs.
- the foreign substance is a polypeptide.
- a polypeptide having 100 or more amino acid residues eg, about 100 to 1000, typically about 100 to 600
- the foreign substance is a mature polypeptide derived from any biological species or a precursor polypeptide thereof, and the mature polypeptide or the precursor polypeptide thereof as the foreign substance.
- FIG. 1 shows that after adding the polypeptide of one example (sample 1) to a culture solution of human neonatal fibroblasts so that the concentration in the culture solution is 1.5 ⁇ g / mL and culturing for 2 hours, antigen antibody It is the fluorescence micrograph (image) which investigated the presence or absence of polypeptide of the sample 1 in a cell by the fluorescent antibody method using reaction.
- the photograph in FIG. 1 is divided into upper and lower parts and the upper side is a control group to which the polypeptide of sample 1 is not added, and the lower side is an experimental group to which the polypeptide of sample 1 is added.
- the left area is divided into 3 parts to the left and right, and the left area shows a plot generated by nuclear staining with DAPI (4 ', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole), and the central area shows the fluorescent dye labeled antibody (secondary antibody). The state of fluorescent coloration due to the presence is shown, and the area on the right side shows a plot generated by nuclear staining with DAPI and the state of fluorescent coloration due to the presence of the fluorescent dye labeled antibody.
- the scale bar in the figure indicates 50 ⁇ m.
- Example 2 shows that after adding the polypeptide of one example (sample 2) to a culture solution of human neonatal fibroblasts so that the concentration in the culture solution becomes 3.5 ⁇ g / mL and culturing for 2 hours, the antigen antibody It is the fluorescence micrograph (image) which investigated the presence or absence of polypeptide of the sample 2 in a cell by the fluorescent antibody method using reaction.
- the photograph in FIG. 2 is divided into upper and lower parts and the upper side is a control group to which the polypeptide of sample 2 is not added, and the lower side is an experimental group to which the polypeptide of sample 2 is added.
- the left area shows a plot generated by nuclear staining with DAPI
- the center area shows the fluorescent coloration due to the presence of a fluorescent dye-labeled antibody (secondary antibody)
- the right area shows the plot.
- the plot generated by nuclear staining with DAPI and the state of fluorescent coloration due to the presence of the fluorescent dye-labeled antibody are shown superimposed.
- the scale bar in the figure indicates 100 ⁇ m.
- carrier peptide fragment is a sequence defined (obtained) by the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, and is eukaryotic cell membrane permeability (more preferably nuclear translocation (nuclear membrane permeability). )).
- SEQ ID NO: 1 the specific amino acid sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 1 is LIM kinase 2 (LIM Kinase 2: see Non-Patent Document 1 above) present in human endothelial cells, which is one type of protein kinase involved in intracellular signal transduction.
- the “carrier peptide fragment” disclosed herein is typically the same sequence as the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1, but one other than the same sequence without impairing cell membrane permeability.
- the carrier peptide fragment as the technical idea disclosed herein. This is because that.
- it was caused by so-called conservative amino acid replacement in which one or several (typically 2 or 3) amino acid residues in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 were conservatively substituted.
- a sequence eg, a sequence in which a basic amino acid residue is replaced with another basic amino acid residue
- one or several (typically 2 or 3) amino acid residues for a given amino acid sequence Examples include added (inserted) or deleted sequences.
- the construct for introducing a foreign substance disclosed herein binds (links) a desired foreign substance directly or indirectly via an appropriate linker to the N-terminal side and / or C-terminal side of the carrier peptide fragment described above. It is a structure that can be designed and built by doing For example, when the foreign substance is a polypeptide, the peptide chain is designed to include the amino acid sequence constituting the polypeptide and the amino acid sequence constituting the carrier peptide fragment, and the peptide chain is biosynthesized or chemically synthesized. By synthesizing, a target foreign substance introduction construct can be prepared.
- nucleic acids such as DNA or RNA
- dyes for example, fluorescent dye compounds such as FITC
- drugs for example, nucleic acid anticancer agents such as 5-fluorouracil (5FU), and antiviral agents such as azidothymidine (AZT)
- nucleic acid anticancer agents such as 5-fluorouracil (5FU)
- antiviral agents such as azidothymidine (AZT)
- the organic compound that functions as a) is bound directly or indirectly to the N-terminal side and / or C-terminal side of the above-mentioned carrier peptide fragment by various known chemical methods to construct a foreign substance introduction construct. be able to.
- a foreign substance when a foreign substance is a polypeptide, it does not specifically limit as polypeptide (amino acid sequence) to employ
- a polypeptide or protein having a relatively large number of amino acid residues, for example, about 100 to 1000 amino acid residues can also be employed as the foreign substance.
- the total number of amino acid residues constituting the synthetic polypeptide produced as the foreign substance introduction construct is several to several tens (for example, 10) or more and suitably 1000 or less, preferably 600 Or less, more preferably 500 or less, and particularly preferably 300 or less (for example, 10 to 300).
- Such a polypeptide is easy to synthesize (biosynthesis, chemical synthesis) and easy to use.
- the foreign substances to be adopted include mature forms or precursors of polypeptides related to functions such as development, differentiation, proliferation, canceration, homeostasis (metastasis), metabolism, etc. of various cells and tissues (organs). Type and prepro type) are preferred.
- the present invention can also be carried out to elucidate the function of the polypeptide in the cell (in vivo tissue) by introducing into the cell a polypeptide whose function has not been known so far.
- the eukaryotic cells to be introduced are human or other mammalian stem cells (including somatic stem cells, embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (hereinafter referred to as iPS cells)).
- the eukaryotic cell to be introduced is a cancer cell (tumor cell)
- a plurality of genes for example, Oct3 / 4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc, Nanog, Lin28
- a predetermined cell for example, a human or other mammalian skin cell or other somatic cell.
- a product (polypeptide) of at least one of these genes may be introduced by the introduction method of the present invention. This makes it possible to produce iPS cells by introducing the gene product (ie, polypeptide) into the cell (preferably into the nucleus) instead of directly introducing the gene.
- a polypeptide for example, SOX2 protein
- at least one gene for example, Sox2
- An iPS cell preparation method characterized by preparing a foreign substance introduction construct and introducing the construct into a predetermined eukaryotic cell (human skin fibroblast or the like) can be mentioned.
- Patent Document 2 discloses an Elongin BC complex (specifically, a part of Elongin C) that is known to form a complex with Elongin A and act as a transcriptional regulator.
- SOCS proteins family proteins having a SOCS-box that is a region (amino acid sequence) that can bind to
- the amino acid sequence included in the specific region “BC-box” that is considered to be a part of the Elongin BC complex is described as having high neuronal differentiation-inducing activity against somatic stem cells. .
- any of the above SOCS proteins (see Non-Patent Document 2) is used as a polypeptide related to neural differentiation induction, and a target eukaryotic cell (for example, human or mammal) is used.
- Synthetic polypeptides to be introduced into animal-derived stem cells can be constructed. Therefore, as is apparent from the above description, the present invention provides a method for inducing differentiation of at least one eukaryotic cell into a nerve cell.
- the present method synthesizes a peptide chain having an amino acid sequence constituting the above-mentioned SOCS protein or other polypeptide involved in neural differentiation induction on the N-terminal side or C-terminal side of the carrier peptide fragment according to the present invention.
- a sample typically, a culture containing the cells
- eukaryotic cells or tissues containing the synthetic polypeptides (ie, artificial polypeptides that are constructs for introducing foreign substances).
- the sample supplied with the synthetic polypeptide is further incubated, that is, under the condition that the target cell can survive (in other words, under the condition that the foreign substance introduction construct can be introduced into the cell). Holding the sample for a period of time.
- one or several amino acid residues are substituted, deleted and / or added as long as the function as a polypeptide relating to neuronal differentiation induction is maintained (
- the modified amino acid sequence formed by insertion) can also be used as a polypeptide (foreign substance) for induction of neural differentiation.
- the construct for introducing a foreign substance having the above-described configuration can have a high nerve differentiation-inducing activity against at least one kind of cell (typically a stem cell) as a nerve differentiation-inducing polypeptide. For this reason, it can be suitably used as an active ingredient of a neuronal differentiation inducer.
- the nerve differentiation-inducing polypeptide contained in the nerve differentiation-inducing agent may be in the form of a salt as long as the nerve differentiation-inducing activity is not impaired.
- an acid addition salt of the polypeptide that can be obtained by addition reaction of an inorganic acid or an organic acid usually used according to a conventional method can be used.
- other salts for example, metal salts
- the nerve differentiation-inducing agent can contain various carriers that are pharmaceutically (pharmaceutical) acceptable in accordance with the form of use, in addition to the neuronal differentiation-inducing polypeptide having the above-described configuration, which is an active ingredient.
- Carriers generally used in peptide medicine as diluents, excipients and the like are preferred.
- water, a physiological buffer solution, and various organic solvents can be mentioned, although it may vary depending on the use and form of the neuronal differentiation inducer.
- It can be a non-drying oil such as an aqueous solution of alcohol (such as ethanol) of a suitable concentration, glycerol, olive oil. Or a liposome may be sufficient.
- a secondary component which can be contained in a nerve differentiation-inducing agent various fillers, extenders, binders, moisturizers, surfactants, pigments, fragrances and the like can be mentioned.
- the form of the neuronal differentiation inducer include solutions, suspensions, emulsions, aerosols, foams, granules, powders, tablets, capsules and ointments.
- it since it uses for injection etc., it can also be set as the freeze-dried material and granulated material for melt
- compositions using a neuronal differentiation-inducing polypeptide (main component) and various carriers (subcomponents) as materials may be in accordance with conventionally known methods.
- the method itself does not characterize the present invention and will not be described in detail.
- Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry supervised by Corwin Hansch, published by Pergamon Press (1990) can be mentioned.
- the nerve differentiation-inducing agent provided by the present invention can be administered as a liquid agent in a desired amount to a patient (ie, a living body) by intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intradermal or intraperitoneal injection.
- a patient ie, a living body
- solid forms such as tablets can be administered orally.
- nerve cells can be generated (produced) from somatic stem cells that are typically present in or around the affected area in vivo. For this reason, it becomes possible to effectively treat various neurological diseases for which nerve regeneration is an effective therapeutic method.
- regenerative medical approaches to treat neurological diseases such as Parkinson's disease, cerebral infarction, Alzheimer's disease, body paralysis due to spinal cord injury, brain contusion, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, brain tumor, retinal degeneration Is realized.
- a neuronal differentiation-inducing agent neural differentiation-inducing polypeptide
- cellular material temporarily or permanently removed from a living body that is, a living tissue or a cell mass (eg, a culture of somatic stem cells).
- the target polypeptide can be efficiently introduced from the outside of the cell into the cytoplasm (more preferably the nucleus), and nerve cells can be efficiently generated.
- the desired nerve cells can be produced in large quantities in the cell material.
- nerve cells produced in large quantities or cell materials (living tissue or cell mass) containing the produced nerve cells are returned to the living body (typically, the affected area where nerve regeneration is required).
- the living body typically, the affected area where nerve regeneration is required.
- the present invention introduces a neuronal differentiation-inducing polypeptide into a cell, which is useful for the treatment of neurological diseases.
- Raw tissue can be provided.
- the polynucleotide encoding the neuronal differentiation-inducing polypeptide of the present invention can be used as a material used for so-called gene therapy.
- the present invention is always in vivo (cell) by incorporating a gene encoding a neuronal differentiation-inducing polypeptide (typically a DNA segment or RNA segment) into an appropriate vector and introducing it into a target site. It is possible to express the neuronal differentiation-inducing polypeptide according to the above. Therefore, the polynucleotide (DNA segment, RNA segment, etc.) encoding the neuronal differentiation-inducing polypeptide of the present invention is useful as a drug for treating or preventing neurological diseases for the above-mentioned patients.
- a foreign substance introduction construct ie, an artificially synthesized polypeptide in which the foreign substance provided by the present invention is a polypeptide, such as the above-described neuronal differentiation-inducing polypeptide described as a typical example, is at least one
- the amino acid residue may be amidated. Amidation of the carboxyl group of an amino acid residue (typically the C-terminal amino acid residue of the peptide chain) can improve the structural stability (eg, protease resistance) in the cytoplasm and nucleus of the polypeptide.
- the artificial polypeptide has a total number of amino acid residues constituting the peptide chain of several (for example, 10) or more and about 1000 or less (preferably 600 or less, particularly preferably 300 or less, for example, 50 to 300 or 50 or less. ) Is desirable. Since such a polypeptide having a chain length can be easily constructed by synthesis, it can be easily supplied to a sample containing a target eukaryotic cell.
- the conformation (steric structure) of the polypeptide is not particularly limited, but is preferably a linear or helix from the viewpoint that it is difficult to become an immunogen (antigen).
- the artificial polypeptide those in which all amino acid residues are L-type amino acids are preferable.
- any conventionally known solid phase synthesis method or liquid phase synthesis method may be employed.
- a solid phase synthesis method in which Boc (t-butyloxycarbonyl) or Fmoc (9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl) is applied as an amino-protecting group is preferred. That is, it has a desired amino acid sequence and a modified (C-terminal amidation, etc.) portion by a solid phase synthesis method using a commercially available peptide synthesizer (for example, available from PerSeptive Biosystems, Applied Biosystems, etc.).
- Peptide chains can be synthesized.
- an artificial polypeptide construct for introducing a foreign substance
- an artificial polypeptide may be biosynthesized based on a genetic engineering technique. This approach is preferred when producing polypeptides with relatively long peptide chains. That is, DNA having a nucleotide sequence (including the ATG start codon) encoding the amino acid sequence of a desired artificial polypeptide is synthesized. An expression comprising this DNA and various regulatory elements (including a promoter, a ribosome binding site, a terminator, an enhancer, and various cis elements that control the expression level) for expressing the amino acid sequence in a host cell. A recombinant vector having the gene construct for use is constructed according to the host cell.
- This recombinant vector is introduced into a predetermined host cell (for example, yeast, insect cell, plant cell, animal (mammalian) cell) by a general technique, and the host cell or a tissue or an individual containing the cell under a predetermined condition Is cultured.
- a predetermined host cell for example, yeast, insect cell, plant cell, animal (mammalian) cell
- the host cell or a tissue or an individual containing the cell under a predetermined condition Is cultured.
- the target polypeptide can be expressed and produced in the cell.
- the polypeptide consisting of the target amino acid sequence can be obtained by isolating and purifying the polypeptide from the host cell (in the medium if secreted).
- This recombinant vector is introduced into a predetermined host cell (for example, yeast, insect cell, plant cell, mammalian cell) by a general technique, and the host cell or a tissue or an individual containing the cell is cultured under a predetermined condition. .
- a predetermined host cell for example, yeast, insect cell, plant cell, mammalian cell
- the target polypeptide can be expressed and produced in the cell.
- the target polypeptide that is, the foreign substance introduction construct
- a method for constructing a recombinant vector and a method for introducing the constructed recombinant vector into a host cell a method conventionally used in the field may be employed as it is, and such method itself particularly characterizes the present invention. Since it is not a thing, detailed explanation is omitted.
- a fusion protein expression system can be used for efficient mass production in a host cell. That is, a gene (DNA) encoding the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide of interest is chemically synthesized, and the synthetic gene is provided by an appropriate fusion protein expression vector (for example, pET series provided by Novagen and Amersham Biosciences) It is introduced into a suitable site of a GST (Glutathione S-transferase) fusion protein expression vector such as the pGEX series. A host cell (typically E. coli) is transformed with the vector. The obtained transformant is cultured to prepare the desired fusion protein. The protein is then extracted and purified.
- a gene DNA
- the synthetic gene is provided by an appropriate fusion protein expression vector (for example, pET series provided by Novagen and Amersham Biosciences) It is introduced into a suitable site of a GST (Glutathione S-transferase) fusion protein expression vector such as the pGEX series.
- GST Glutathi
- the obtained purified fusion protein is cleaved with a predetermined enzyme (protease), and the released target peptide fragment (namely, the designed artificial polypeptide) is recovered by a method such as affinity chromatography.
- a predetermined enzyme protease
- a target foreign substance introduction construct artificial polypeptide
- a template DNA for a cell-free protein synthesis system that is, a synthetic gene fragment containing a nucleotide sequence encoding the amino acid sequence of the target artificial polypeptide
- various compounds ATP, RNA required for polypeptide synthesis
- the target polypeptide can be synthesized in vitro using a so-called cell-free protein synthesis system using a polymerase, amino acids, etc.).
- cell-free protein synthesis systems for example, Shimizu et al. (Shimizu et al., Nature Biotechnology, 19, 751-755 (2001)), Madin et al. (Madin et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 97 (2), 559-564 (2000)) is helpful.
- cell-free protein synthesis kits for example, obtained from Toyobo Co., Ltd., Japan).
- PROTEIOS (trademark) Wheat germ cell-free protein synthesis kit) is commercially available. Therefore, it is only necessary to determine the amino acid sequence corresponding to the polypeptide to be introduced into the cytoplasm (preferably into the nucleus) and design the peptide chain in combination with the cell membrane-permeable carrier peptide fragment shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 above.
- the target artificial polypeptide can be easily synthesized and produced by the cell-free protein synthesis system according to the amino acid sequence.
- a polypeptide can be easily produced based on the Pure System (registered trademark) of Post Genome Research Institute, Japan.
- sample 1 is SOX2 protein (that is, a transcription factor having a HMG domain having a DNA binding ability and a transcription activation domain, which is a product of Sox2, which is one of the genes used for producing the above-mentioned iPS cells as a foreign polypeptide.
- SOX2 SOX2 protein
- Sample 2 employs GFP (Green Fluorescent Protein), which is a fluorescent protein, as a foreign polypeptide.
- the amino acid sequence of SOX2 (number of amino acid residues: 317) is shown in SEQ ID NO: 2
- the amino acid sequence of GFP number of amino acid residues: 238) is shown in SEQ ID NO: 3.
- a fusion gene artificial synthetic DNA
- NoLS was fused to the N-terminus of a foreign polypeptide (ie, SOX2 or GFP).
- a polyhistidine region was formed on the C-terminal side of the foreign polypeptide to be used for purification with a histidine trap column described later.
- SEQ ID NOs: 4 and 5 for sample 1 (nols-sox2) and SEQ ID NO: for sample 2 (nols-gfp). 6 and 7.
- the target fusion polypeptides (sample 1 and sample 2) were biosynthesized by a baculovirus expression system using general insect cells.
- the synthetic DNA (gene) is cleaved at both ends with the restriction enzymes Bgl-II and Xba-I (both manufactured by TAKARA), and incorporated into a pM15 vector (Katakura Kogyo Co.) cut with the same restriction enzyme. Produced.
- the transfer vector prepared above was co-infected with the genomic DNA of the baculovirus CPd strain (product of Katakura Industry Co., Ltd.) and BmN cells (product of Katakura Industry Co., Ltd.) to produce a recombinant virus.
- the obtained recombinant virus was infected to 5 silkworms (Bombyx mori, manufactured by Katakura Kogyo Co., Ltd.).
- the pupae are crushed in a buffer for grinding (20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0), 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM EGTA, 10% Glycerol, 10 mM). Of Benzamidine, 1 mM PMSF, and 1 mM DTT.)
- the tip was crushed using a homogenizer made of Teflon (registered trademark).
- a surfactant (trade name: Tween 20) was added to the obtained silkworm milling solution to a concentration of 1%, solubilized by stirring at 4 ° C. for 1 hour, and subjected to ultracentrifugation (100,000 g ⁇ 1 hour). The supernatant portion (soluble fraction) and the precipitate portion (insoluble fraction) were separated.
- sample 1 polypeptide the NoLS-SOX2 fusion protein (hereinafter referred to as sample 1 polypeptide) was present in the insoluble fraction.
- sample 1 polypeptide the NoLS-SOX2 fusion protein
- this insoluble fraction is suspended in a phosphate buffer (pH 7.5, containing 0.5 M NaCl, 1 mM DTT, 5 mM imidazole, 8 M urea) as a solubilization buffer, and thereafter. And solubilized by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour.
- a polyhistidine sequence portion (His tag) was added to the C-terminal portion of the obtained fusion polypeptide, and the fusion polypeptide was purified (concentrated) using this sequence portion.
- the sample 1 polypeptide was bound to the column by adding the solubilized polypeptide solution to a commercially available histidine trap (HisTrap) column (manufactured by GE Healthcare).
- HisTrap histidine trap
- the column is thoroughly washed with a solubilization buffer, and then the buffer is replaced with a refolding buffer (containing phosphate buffer (pH 7.5), 0.5 M NaCl, 1 mM DTT, 5 mM imidazole).
- the polypeptide was unwound in the column.
- the column was thoroughly washed with the same buffer, and then the protein was eluted with an elution buffer (containing phosphate buffer (pH 7.5), 0.5 M NaCl, 0.5 M imidazole). A purified sample 1 polypeptide solution was obtained.
- an elution buffer containing phosphate buffer (pH 7.5), 0.5 M NaCl, 0.5 M imidazole.
- sample 2 polypeptide the NoLS-GFP fusion protein (hereinafter referred to as sample 2 polypeptide) was present in the soluble fraction.
- the soluble fraction was subjected to buffer replacement with a refolding buffer using a PD-10 desalting column (GE Healthcare), and added to the HisTrap column to bind the sample 2 polypeptide to the column.
- the column was thoroughly washed with the same buffer, and then the bound protein was eluted with an elution buffer. A purified sample 2 polypeptide solution was obtained.
- D-PBS Dulbecco-phosphate buffer solution
- PD-10 desalting column After sterilization filtration with a 0.45 ⁇ m filter, it was used for the following tests.
- Example 2 Evaluation of cell membrane permeation function of Sample 1 and Sample 2> Human neonatal fibroblasts (ATCC, CCD-1079sk strain) were used as eukaryotic cells, and the cell membrane permeation function of the two types of samples (constructs for introducing foreign substances) obtained in Example 1 was examined. That is, about 2 ⁇ 10 4 cells described above containing 10% FBS (GIBCO product) -containing culture solution (Eagle's MEM medium: 0.1 mM NEAA, 1 mM sodium pyruvate, Earle's BSS (GIBCO product)) was used in a collagen-coated 8-well slide overnight at 37 ° C. in the presence of 5% CO 2 . To the cell culture solution, the purified polypeptide obtained above was added to give 1.5 ⁇ g / mL for the sample 1 polypeptide and 3.5 ⁇ g / mL for the sample 2 polypeptide, and further cultured for 2 hours.
- FBS GEBCO product
- an anti-GFP antibody diluted 500 times with PBS was added and allowed to stand at room temperature for 1 hour.
- the solution was removed from each well, washed three times with PBS, and then added to anti-SOX2 antibody-added wells with an anti-mouse IgG antibody-fluorescent dye (Alexa555) diluted 800-fold with PBS.
- Alexa555 anti-mouse IgG antibody-fluorescent dye
- anti-rabbit IgG antibody-fluorescent dye (Alexa 555) labeled product product of Invitrogen
- PBS anti-rabbit IgG antibody-fluorescent dye
- FIG. 1 shows the results of the experimental group to which the polypeptide of sample 1 (NoLS-SOX2) was added
- FIG. 2 shows the results of the experimental group to which the polypeptide of sample 2 (NoLS-GFP) was added.
- FIG. 1 micrograph
- the carrier peptide fragment according to the present invention contained in the sample 1 polypeptide can introduce the SOX2 polypeptide having 300 or more amino acid residues from the outside of the cell into the cytoplasm and further into the nucleus.
- the present invention is a particularly preferred embodiment of the method for introducing a foreign substance disclosed herein from the outside of a cell derived from a human or a mammal other than a human (in the cytoplasm of the cell).
- the method further comprises introducing a desired foreign substance into the nucleus), wherein the carrier peptide fragment is the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, or one, two or three amino acid residues of the amino acid sequence.
- a carrier peptide fragment consisting of a modified amino acid sequence formed by substitution, deletion and / or addition (insertion) of a group is used.
- the carrier peptide fragment consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is a polypeptide having a relatively large molecular weight (typically about 100 to 1000 amino acid residues: For example, it can be suitably used for the purpose of introducing about 200 to 600)).
- a target foreign substance having a predetermined function can be introduced into human or other mammalian cells (eg, somatic cells such as skin cells and nerve cells, somatic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, ES cells). it can.
- This realizes transformation of the target cell according to the foreign substance to be introduced (polypeptide, etc.), for example, differentiation into a specific cell (nerve cell, bone cell, muscle cell, skin cell, etc.).
- a target foreign substance at least in the cytoplasm preferably further in the nucleus from the outside of eukaryotic cells (particularly various animal cells represented by humans and other mammals having no cell wall).
- An artificially created construct is provided to introduce the.
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Abstract
Description
なお、本出願は2009年7月29日に出願された日本国特許出願2009-177103号に基づく優先権を主張しており、当該日本国出願の全内容は本明細書中に参照として援用されている。
例えば、特許文献1には、ポリペプチド、DNA等の外来物質を細胞内に導入するための細胞透過性キャリアペプチドが記載されている。この特許文献には、細胞透過性キャリアペプチドと異種ポリペプチド、DNA等を連結したキャリアペプチドコンジュゲートを用いることによって、ポリペプチド、DNA等の生理活性物質を高効率に細胞内に導入することができると記載されている。
また、導入したい外来物質(生理活性物質)として比較的分子量の大きいポリペプチド全体を特別な装置を用いることなく目的の細胞内に容易に導入して当該細胞の形質を転換したり機能を改善(若しくは向上)させたりする手法が求められている。
即ち、ここで開示される外来物質導入方法は、KKRTLRKNDRKKR(配列番号1)からなるアミノ酸配列、若しくは該アミノ酸配列のうちの1個又は2個又は3個のアミノ酸残基が置換、欠失及び/又は付加(挿入)されて形成されたアミノ酸配列の何れかから成るキャリアペプチドフラグメントと、該キャリアペプチドフラグメントのN末端側及び/又はC末端側に結合した目的の外来物質と、を有する外来物質導入用構築物を用意する工程と、
上記外来物質導入用構築物を、目的とする真核細胞を含む試料(典型的には該細胞を含む培養物)中に供給する工程と、
上記外来物質導入用構築物が供給された上記試料をインキュベートして(即ち対象の細胞が生存可能な条件下に試料を一定期間保持して)、上記試料中の真核細胞内に上記構築物を導入する工程と、を包含する。
ここで「外来物質」は、上記キャリアペプチドフラグメントのN末端側又はC末端側に直接的又は適当なリンカーを介して間接的に結合可能な無機化合物及び有機化合物であって、真核細胞内に導入可能な分子サイズ及び化学的性質を有するものをいう。
即ち、上記構成の本発明の外来物質導入方法によると、目的とする外来物質(典型的にはポリペプチド、核酸、色素、薬剤等の有機化合物)を上記キャリアペプチド(フラグメント)のN末端側及び/又はC末端側に直接的又は適当なリンカーを介して間接的に結合させて構築した外来物質導入用構築物を、対象とする真核細胞を含む試料(典型的には該細胞を含む培養物)中に供給する(即ち生存する真核細胞に添加する)ことによって、当該目的の外来物質を真核細胞の外部(細胞膜の外側)から細胞膜を通過させて細胞質内(好ましくはさらに核膜を通過させて核内)に高効率に導入することができる。
ここで「ポリペプチド」は、複数のアミノ酸がペプチド結合により結合した構造を有するポリマーをいい、ペプチド結合の数(即ちアミノ酸残基数)によって限定されない用語である。即ち、ポリペプチドには、アミノ酸残基数が10以上300未満程度の一般にペプチドと呼ばれるものや一般にタンパク質(典型的には300以上のアミノ酸残基から成る高分子化合物)と呼ばれるものを包含する用語である。実際に当該分野においてもポリペプチドとタンパク質とは厳密に区分されておらず、本明細書においても複数のアミノ酸残基から成るポリマー(オリゴマーを包含する。)をポリペプチドと総称する。
また、ここで「核酸」は、ヌクレオチドの重合体をいい、DNAおよびRNAを包含する。塩基数によって限定されない。
好ましくは、外来物質は何れかの生物種由来の成熟ポリペプチド又はその前駆体ポリペプチド(即ち、成熟型のポリペプチドに対するプレ型ポリペプチドやプレプロ型ポリペプチドを包含する。)であり、前記外来物質導入用構築物は、該外来物質としての成熟ポリペプチド又はその前駆体ポリペプチドに対応するアミノ酸配列と前記キャリアペプチドフラグメントのアミノ酸配列とを有する合成ポリペプチドとして提供される。ここで合成ポリペプチドとは、いわゆる遺伝子工学的手法によって生合成されたポリペプチドと、化学的な合成(例えば市販のペプチド合成機の利用)によって得られたポリペプチドの両方を包含する用語である。
本態様の方法によると、上記合成ポリペプチドの状態で、目的のポリペプチド(即ち該ポリペプチドを構成するアミノ酸配列)を標的とする細胞内に導入することができる。例えば、100以上1000以下のアミノ酸残基により構成されている成熟ポリペプチド又はその前駆体ポリペプチドを標的とする細胞内に導入することができる。
本発明によると、ヒトその他哺乳類の細胞(例えば皮膚細胞や神経細胞等の体細胞、体性幹細胞、人工多能性幹細胞、ES細胞)に所定の機能を有する目的の外来物質を導入することができる。例えば、ES細胞やiPS細胞等の幹細胞をターゲットとすることにより、導入する外来物質(ポリペプチド等)に応じて当該幹細胞の形質転換、例えば特定の細胞(神経細胞、骨細胞、筋肉細胞、皮膚細胞、等)への分化を実現することができる。
即ち、ここで開示される外来物質導入用構築物は、KKRTLRKNDRKKR(配列番号1)からなるアミノ酸配列、若しくは該アミノ酸配列のうちの1個又は2個又は3個のアミノ酸残基が置換、欠失及び/又は付加(挿入)されて形成されたアミノ酸配列の何れかから成るキャリアペプチドフラグメントと、該キャリアペプチドフラグメントのN末端側及び/又はC末端側に結合した目的の外来物質とを有する。
かかる構築物を利用して上述した本発明の外来物質導入方法を実施することにより、目的の細胞に目的の外来物質を効果的に導入することができる。また、該外来物質が導入された細胞並びに該外来物質を含む細胞を含む器官その他の生体組織を得ることができる。
また、特に好ましくは上記外来物質はポリペプチドであり、例えばアミノ酸残基数が100以上(例えば100~1000程度、典型的には100~600程度)であるポリペプチドを外来物質として採用することができる。
また、外来物質導入用構築物の好ましい一態様は、前記外来物質が何れかの生物種由来の成熟ポリペプチド又はその前駆体ポリペプチドであり、該外来物質としての成熟ポリペプチド又はその前駆体ポリペプチドに対応するアミノ酸配列(例えば100以上1000以下のアミノ酸残基により構成される。)と前記キャリアペプチドフラグメントのアミノ酸配列とを有する合成ポリペプチドとして作製される構築物である。
また、本発明は、本明細書に開示されている内容と当該分野における技術常識とに基づいて実施することができる。なお、以下の説明では、場合に応じてアミノ酸をIUPAC-IUBガイドラインで示されたアミノ酸に関する命名法に準拠した1文字表記(但し配列表では3文字表記)で表す。なお、本明細書において「アミノ酸残基」とは、特に言及する場合を除いて、ペプチド鎖のN末端アミノ酸及びC末端アミノ酸を包含する用語である。
ここで配列番号1に記載される具体的なアミノ酸配列は、細胞内情報伝達に関与するプロテインキナーゼの1種であるヒト内皮細胞に存在するLIMキナーゼ2(LIM Kinase 2:上記非特許文献1参照)の第491番目のアミノ酸残基から第503番目のアミノ酸残基までの合計13アミノ酸残基から成る配列部分(即ちモチーフ)に相当するNoLSであることに加え、本発明者によって新たに優れた細胞膜透過性を示すことが見出された配列である。即ち13アミノ酸残基という短い鎖長のペプチドフラグメントであるにもかかわらず比較的高分子量(例えば分子量が100~20万程度、典型的には1000~10万程度)の外来物質を細胞外から細胞質内に導入することができる。
従って、ここで開示される「キャリアペプチドフラグメント」は、典型的には配列番号1に記載のアミノ酸配列と同一の配列であるが、当該同一配列の他に、細胞膜透過性を損なうことなく1個または数個(典型的には2個又は3個)のアミノ酸残基が置換、欠失及び/又は付加(挿入)されて形成されたアミノ酸配列を包含する。即ち、そのような軽微な改変配列は、ここで開示される情報に基づいて当業者にとって容易に利用されるものであり、ここで開示される技術的思想としての「キャリアペプチドフラグメント」に包含されるからである。典型例として、配列番号1のアミノ酸配列のうち1個又は数個(典型的には2個又は3個)のアミノ酸残基が保守的に置換したいわゆる同類置換(conservative amino acid replacement)によって生じた配列(例えば塩基性アミノ酸残基が別の塩基性アミノ酸残基に置換した配列)、或いは、所定のアミノ酸配列について1個又は数個(典型的には2個又は3個)のアミノ酸残基が付加(挿入)した若しくは欠失した配列が挙げられる。
典型的には、外来物質導入用構築物として作製する合成ポリペプチドを構成する総アミノ酸残基数が数個乃至数十個(例えば10個)以上であって1000以下が適当であり、好ましくは600以下であり、さらに好ましくは500以下であり、特に300以下(例えば10~300)が好適である。このような長さのポリペプチドは合成(生合成、化学合成)が容易であり、使用しやすい。
例えば、導入対象の真核細胞がヒトその他哺乳動物の幹細胞(体性幹細胞、胚性幹細胞、人工多能性幹細胞(Induced pluripotent stem cells:以下iPS細胞という。)を包含する。)である場合、当該幹細胞の分化誘導に関与する種々の生理活性を有するポリペプチドの成熟型又はその前駆体の利用が好ましい。また、導入対象の真核細胞が癌細胞(腫瘍細胞)である場合、当該癌細胞(腫瘍細胞)のアポトーシス誘導に関与する種々のポリペプチドの利用が好ましい。
従って、本発明の好適な一実施形態として、iPS細胞の作製に関与する複数の遺伝子のうちの少なくとも一つの遺伝子(例えばSox2)がコードするポリペプチド(例えばSOX2タンパク質)を外来物質として本発明に係る外来物質導入用構築物を作製し、該構築物を所定の真核細胞(ヒト皮膚線維芽細胞等)に導入することを特徴とするiPS細胞作製方法が挙げられる。
従って、本発明の好適な一実施形態として、神経分化誘導に関連するポリペプチドとして上記SOCS系タンパク質(非特許文献2参照)のいずれかを使用し、標的とする真核細胞(例えばヒトや哺乳動物由来の幹細胞)に導入する合成ポリペプチドを構築することができる。従って、上記説明から明らかなように、本発明によって、少なくとも一種の真核細胞を神経細胞に分化誘導する方法が提供される。即ち、本方法は、本発明に係る上記キャリアペプチドフラグメントのN末端側又はC末端側に、上記SOCS系タンパク質その他の何らかの神経分化誘導に関与するポリペプチドを構成するアミノ酸配列を備えるペプチド鎖を合成すること、および、該合成ポリペプチド(即ち外来物質導入用構築物である人工ポリペプチド)を対象である真核細胞又は該細胞を有する組織を含有する試料(典型的には該細胞を含む培養物)に供給すること、を包含する。典型的には、さらに該合成ポリペプチドが供給された試料をインキュベートすること、即ち対象の細胞が生存可能な条件下(換言すれば外来物質導入用構築物が細胞内に導入可能な条件下)に試料を一定期間保持しておくこと、を包含する。
なお、上述した本発明に係るキャリアペプチドフラグメントの場合と同様、神経分化誘導に関するポリペプチドとしての機能を保持する限りにおいて、1個または数個のアミノ酸残基が置換、欠失及び/又は付加(挿入)されて形成される改変アミノ酸配列もまた神経分化誘導に関するポリペプチド(外来物質)として使用し得ることは勿論である。
神経分化誘導剤の形態に関して特に限定はない。例えば、典型的な形態として、液剤、懸濁剤、乳剤、エアロゾル、泡沫剤、顆粒剤、粉末剤、錠剤、カプセル、軟膏が挙げられる。また、注射等に用いるため、使用直前に生理食塩水又は適当な緩衝液(例えばPBS)等に溶解して薬液を調製するための凍結乾燥物、造粒物とすることもできる。
なお、神経分化誘導ポリペプチド(主成分)及び種々の担体(副成分)を材料にして種々の形態の薬剤(組成物)を調製するプロセス自体は従来公知の方法に準じればよく、かかる製剤方法自体は本発明を特徴付けるものでもないため詳細な説明は省略する。処方に関する詳細な情報源として、例えばComprehensive Medicinal Chemistry, Corwin Hansch監修,Pergamon Press刊(1990)が挙げられる。
或いはまた、生体から一時的に又は永久的に摘出した細胞材料、即ち生組織や細胞塊(例えば体性幹細胞の培養物)に、適当量の神経分化誘導剤(神経分化誘導ポリペプチド)を供給することによって、効率よく目的のポリペプチドを細胞外から細胞質内(さらに好ましくは核体)に導入することができ、神経細胞を効率よく発生させることができる。このことは当該細胞材料中に所望する神経細胞を大量に生産し得ることを意味する。而して、大量に生産された神経細胞、或いは該生産された神経細胞を含む細胞材料(生組織や細胞塊)を再び生体内(典型的には神経再生が要求されている患部)に戻すことによっても、生体に直接神経分化誘導剤(神経分化誘導ポリペプチド)を投与する場合と同様の治療効果が得られ得る。
以上の説明から明らかなように、本発明は別の側面として、神経分化誘導ポリペプチドを細胞内に導入することによって、神経疾患治療に有用な、神経細胞に分化誘導された細胞、細胞塊又は生組織を提供することができる。
人工ポリペプチドは、ペプチド鎖を構成する全アミノ酸残基数が数個(例えば10個)以上で1000以下程度(好適には600以下、特に好ましくは300以下、例えば50~300又は50以下でもよい)であるものが望ましい。このような鎖長のポリペプチドは合成によって容易に構築することができるため、目的とする真核細胞を含む試料に供給し易い。
なお、ポリペプチドのコンホメーション(立体構造)については特に限定されるものではないが、免疫原(抗原)になり難いという観点から直鎖状又はへリックス状のものが好ましい。
なお、人工ポリペプチドとしては、全てのアミノ酸残基がL型アミノ酸であるものが好ましいが、内在するキャリアペプチドフラグメントならびにペプチドモチーフの所望する機能を失わない限りにおいて、アミノ酸残基の一部又は全部がD型アミノ酸に置換されているものであってもよい。
また、内在するキャリアペプチドフラグメントならびに外来物質であるポリペプチドの所望する機能を失わない限りにおいて、これら配列に含まれ得ない付加的な配列を部分的に含み得る。例えばリンカーとして機能する数個のアミノ酸残基(例えばグリシン残基)をキャリアペプチドフラグメントと外来ペプチドモチーフとの間に配置した構成のアミノ酸配列を構築してもよい。
一般的な技法によって、この組換えベクターを所定の宿主細胞(例えばイースト、昆虫細胞、植物細胞、動物(哺乳類)細胞)に導入し、所定の条件で当該宿主細胞又は該細胞を含む組織や個体を培養する。このことにより、目的とするポリペプチドを細胞内で発現、生産させることができる。そして、宿主細胞(分泌された場合は培地中)からポリペプチドを単離し、精製することによって、目的のアミノ酸配列から成るポリペプチドを得ることができる。一般的な技法によって、この組換えベクターを所定の宿主細胞(例えばイースト、昆虫細胞、植物細胞、哺乳類細胞)に導入し、所定の条件で当該宿主細胞又は該細胞を含む組織や個体を培養する。このことにより、目的とするポリペプチドを細胞内で発現、生産させることができる。そして、宿主細胞(分泌された場合は培地中)からポリペプチドを単離し、精製することによって、目的のポリペプチド(即ち外来物質導入用構築物)を得ることができる。
なお、組換えベクターの構築方法及び構築した組換えベクターの宿主細胞への導入方法等は、当該分野で従来から行われている方法をそのまま採用すればよく、かかる方法自体は特に本発明を特徴付けるものではないため、詳細な説明は省略する。
或いは、無細胞タンパク質合成システム用の鋳型DNA(即ち目的とする人工ポリペプチドのアミノ酸配列をコードするヌクレオチド配列を含む合成遺伝子断片)を構築し、ポリペプチド合成に必要な種々の化合物(ATP、RNAポリメラーゼ、アミノ酸類等)を使用し、いわゆる無細胞タンパク質合成システムを採用して目的のポリペプチドをインビトロ合成することができる。無細胞タンパク質合成システムについては、例えばShimizuらの論文(Shimizu et al., Nature Biotechnology, 19, 751-755(2001))、Madinらの論文(Madin et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 97(2), 559-564(2000))が参考になる。これら論文に記載された技術に基づいて、本願出願時点において既に多くの企業がポリペプチドの受託生産を行っており、また、無細胞タンパク質合成用キット(例えば、日本の東洋紡績(株)から入手可能なPROTEIOS(商標)Wheat germ cell-free protein synthesis kit)が市販されている。
従って、細胞質内(好ましくは核内)への導入対象であるポリペプチドに対応するアミノ酸配列を決定し、上記配列番号1に示す細胞膜透過性のキャリアペプチドフラグメントと合わせてペプチド鎖を設計しさえすれば、そのアミノ酸配列に従って無細胞タンパク質合成システムによって目的の人工ポリペプチドを容易に合成・生産することができる。例えば、日本の(株)ポストゲノム研究所のピュアシステム(登録商標)に基づいてポリペプチドを容易に生産することができる。
アミノ酸残基数が100以上である比較的大きい分子量のポリペプチドを外来物質として有する外来物質導入用構築物を遺伝子工学的手法により計2種類(サンプル1及びサンプル2)作製した。
即ち、サンプル1は、外来ポリペプチドとして上記iPS細胞の作製に用いられる遺伝子の一つであるSox2の産物であるSOX2タンパク質(即ちDNA結合能を有するHMGドメインおよび転写活性化ドメインを備える転写因子、以下「SOX2」という。)を採用した。
また、サンプル2は、外来ポリペプチドとして蛍光タンパク質であるGFP(Green Fluorescent Protein)を採用した。
なお、SOX2のアミノ酸配列(アミノ酸残基数:317)は配列番号2に示しており、GFPのアミノ酸配列(アミノ酸残基数:238)は、配列番号3に示している。
ここで設計、合成した融合遺伝子の詳細なヌクレオチド配列及びコードされるアミノ酸配列はサンプル1(nols-sox2)については配列番号4及び5に示しており、サンプル2(nols-gfp)については配列番号6及び7に示している。
これら合成遺伝子を用いて一般的な昆虫細胞を用いたバキュロウイルス発現システムによって、目的の融合ポリペプチド(サンプル1及びサンプル2)を生合成した。
次いで、上記作製したトランスファーベクターを、バキュロウイルスCPd株のゲノムDNA(片倉工業社製品)とBmN細胞(片倉工業社製品)へ共感染させ、組換えウイルスを作製した。
得られた組換えウイルスを、カイコ(Bombyx mori、片倉工業社製品)5頭に感染させた。そして感染したカイコを蛹になるまで飼育した後、蛹を磨砕用のバッファー(20mMのTris-HCl(pH8.0)、150mMのNaCl、1mMのEDTA、1mMのEGTA、10%のGlycerol、10mMのBenzamidine、1mMのPMSF、ならびに1mMのDTTを含む。)中で先端部がテフロン(登録商標)製のホモジナイザーを用いて破砕した。得られたカイコ磨砕液に界面活性剤(商品名:Tween20)を濃度1%となる様に添加し、4℃で1時間攪拌して可溶化を実施し、超遠心(100000g×1時間)にて上清部(可溶性画分)と沈澱部(不溶性画分)とに分離した。
而して、この不溶性画分は可溶化バッファーであるリン酸緩衝液(pH 7.5、0.5MのNaCl、1mMのDTT、5mMのイミダゾール、8Mのウレアを含む。)に懸濁し、その後、室温で1時間攪拌して可溶化した。
そして同バッファーにてカラムをよく洗浄した後、溶出バッファー(リン酸緩衝液(pH 7.5)、0.5MのNaCl、0.5Mのイミダゾールを含む。)によってタンパク質を溶出させた。こうして精製されたサンプル1ポリペプチドの溶液を得た。
なお、得られた2種類の精製ポリペプチドをPD-10脱塩カラムを用いて、ダルベッコ-リン酸緩衝液(和光純薬社製品、以下「D-PBS」と略称する。)へとバッファー置換をした後、0.45μmフィルターによって滅菌ろ過し、以下の試験に用いた。
真核細胞としてヒト新生児線維芽細胞(ATCC、CCD-1079sk株)を使用し、上記実施例1で得られた2種のサンプル(外来物質導入用構築物)の細胞膜透過機能を調べた。
即ち、凡そ2×104個の上記細胞を10%FBS(GIBCO社製品)含有培養液(Eagle‘sMEM培地:0.1mMのNEAA、1mMのピルビン酸ナトリウム、Earle’sBSS(GIBCO社製品)を含む。)を用いて、コラーゲンコートした8ウェルスライド中で37℃、5%CO2存在下で一晩培養した。
この細胞培養液に、上記得られた精製ポリペプチドをサンプル1ポリペプチドについては1.5μg/mL、サンプル2ポリペプチドについては3.5μg/mLとなるように添加し、更に2時間培養した。
かかる抗原抗体反応時間の経過後、各ウェルから溶液を除去し、PBSにて3回洗浄した後、抗SOX2抗体添加ウェルにはPBSにて800倍希釈した抗マウスIgG抗体-蛍光色素(Alexa555)標識物(Invitrogen社製品)を添加し室温にて1時間静置した。一方、抗GFP抗体添加ウェルにはPBSにて800倍希釈した抗ウサギIgG抗体-蛍光色素(Alexa555)標識物(Invitrogen社製品)を添加し室温にて1時間静置した。
その後、溶液を除去し、PBSにて3回洗浄した後、DAPI含有封入液(Invitrogen社製品)とカバーガラスを用いて封入を行い、共焦点レーザー顕微鏡による蛍光観察を行った。
図1(顕微鏡写真)から明らかなように、ポリペプチド無添加の細胞では、DAPIによる核染色のみ認められ、抗SOX2抗体による染色は全く見られない一方、サンプル1ポリペプチドを添加した培養液からの細胞については、細胞内へのポリペプチド導入が認められた。さらに染色の位置から細胞質内に導入されたポリペプチドは核内に導入(移行)され局在していることが確認された。このことは、サンプル1ポリペプチドに含まれる本発明に係るキャリアペプチドフラグメントが、アミノ酸残基数300以上のSOX2ポリペプチドを細胞の外部から細胞質内、さらに核内に導入することができることを示している。
また、本発明によって、真核細胞(特に細胞壁を有しないヒトやそれ以外の哺乳動物に代表される種々の動物細胞)の外部から少なくとも細胞質内(好ましくはさらに核内)に目的とする外来物質を導入するために人為的に作製された構築物が提供される。かかる構築物を利用することにより、目的の細胞に目的の外来物質を効果的に導入することができ、該外来物質が導入された細胞並びに該外来物質を含む細胞を含む器官その他の生体組織を得ることができる。
配列番号4 合成物
配列番号5 合成物
配列番号6 合成物
配列番号7 合成物
Claims (9)
- 真核細胞の外部から少なくとも該細胞の細胞質内に目的とする外来物質を導入する方法であって、
以下のアミノ酸配列:
KKRTLRKNDRKKR(配列番号1)
若しくは該アミノ酸配列のうちの1個又は2個又は3個のアミノ酸残基が置換、欠失及び/又は付加(挿入)されて形成された改変アミノ酸配列から成るキャリアペプチドフラグメントと、該キャリアペプチドフラグメントのN末端側及び/又はC末端側に結合した目的の外来物質と、を有する外来物質導入用構築物を用意する工程と、
前記外来物質導入用構築物を、目的とする真核細胞を含む試料中に供給する工程と、
前記外来物質導入用構築物が供給された前記試料をインキュベートして、前記試料中の真核細胞内に前記構築物を導入する工程と、
を包含する方法。 - 前記外来物質がポリペプチド、核酸、色素及び薬剤から成る群から選択されるいずれかの有機化合物である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記外来物質は何れかの生物種由来の成熟ポリペプチド又はその前駆体ポリペプチドであり、前記外来物質導入用構築物は、該外来物質としての成熟ポリペプチド又はその前駆体ポリペプチドに対応するアミノ酸配列と前記キャリアペプチドフラグメントのアミノ酸配列とを有する合成ポリペプチドである、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記外来物質としての成熟ポリペプチド又はその前駆体ポリペプチドは、100以上1000以下のアミノ酸残基により構成されている、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記外来物質導入用構築物を導入する対象の真核細胞がヒト又はヒト以外の哺乳動物の細胞である、請求項1~4の何れかに記載の方法。
- 真核細胞の外部から少なくとも該細胞の細胞質内に目的とする外来物質を導入するために作製された外来物質導入用構築物であって、
以下のアミノ酸配列:
KKRTLRKNDRKKR(配列番号1)
若しくは該アミノ酸配列のうちの1個又は2個又は3個のアミノ酸残基が置換、欠失及び/又は付加(挿入)されて形成された改変アミノ酸配列から成るキャリアペプチドフラグメントと、該キャリアペプチドフラグメントのN末端側及び/又はC末端側に結合した目的の外来物質と、を有する外来物質導入用構築物。 - 前記外来物質は、ポリペプチド、核酸、色素及び薬剤から成る群から選択されるいずれかの有機化合物である、請求項6に記載の構築物。
- 前記外来物質は何れかの生物種由来の成熟ポリペプチド又はその前駆体ポリペプチドであり、該外来物質としての成熟ポリペプチド又はその前駆体ポリペプチドに対応するアミノ酸配列と前記キャリアペプチドフラグメントのアミノ酸配列とを有する合成ポリペプチドである、請求項7に記載の構築物。
- 前記外来物質としての成熟ポリペプチド又はその前駆体ポリペプチドは、100以上1000以下のアミノ酸残基により構成されている、請求項8に記載の構築物。
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WO2015199039A1 (ja) * | 2014-06-23 | 2015-12-30 | 東亞合成株式会社 | 細胞の多核化を誘導するペプチドおよびその利用 |
EP3971216A1 (en) | 2020-09-14 | 2022-03-23 | Toagosei Co., Ltd. | Carrier peptide fragment and use thereof |
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US8603967B2 (en) | 2013-12-10 |
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